allow using AbstractArray for AOT compilation and specs

[albi3ro]

Context:

I was messing around with AbstractArray, AbstractWires and resource estimation. I'd like to be able to use AbstractArray and AbstractWires to trigger pass-by-pass specs. I'd also like to use them to trigger AOT compilation via type-hints.

Description of the Change:

Various patches to treat AbstractArray and AbstractWires like abstract types.

Benefits:

Can now do:

@qp.qjit(capture=True)
@qp.qnode(qp.device('lightning.qubit', wires=4))
def c(x : qp.typing.AbstractArray((3,), float), wires : qp.wires.Wires[4]):
    @qp.for_loop(x.shape[0])
    def loop(i):
        qp.RX(x[i], wires[i])

    @qp.for_loop(wires.shape[0])
    def loop2(i):
        qp.X(i)

    loop()
    loop2()
    return qp.expval(qp.Z(0))

print(c.mlir)

@qp.qjit(capture=True)
@qp.qnode(qp.device('lightning.qubit', wires=4))
def c(x, wires):
    @qp.for_loop(x.shape[0])
    def loop(i):
        qp.RX(x[i], wires[i])

    @qp.for_loop(wires.shape[0])
    def loop2(i):
        qp.X(i)

    loop()
    loop2()
    return qp.expval(qp.Z(0))

s = qp.specs(c, level=0)(qp.typing.AbstractArray((3,), float), qp.wires.Wires[3])

Possible Drawbacks:

Related GitHub Issues:

[sc-122582]

[dime10]

Sounds like you might need to bump the PL dependency?

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 96.94%. Comparing base (67be2b6) to head (cb31e74).
⚠️ Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #2953      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   96.94%   96.94%   -0.01%     
==========================================
  Files         165      165              
  Lines       19089    19095       +6     
  Branches     1768     1769       +1     
==========================================
+ Hits        18506    18511       +5     
- Misses        430      431       +1     
  Partials      153      153              

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[comp-phys-marc]

Thanks for your patience as I learn the ropes.