Add migration scripts for some tables

src/database/migrations/0001-create-canonical_fields.sql

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+create table canonical_fields (
+  id bigint primary key generated always as identity,
+  created_at timestamp with time zone not null default now(),
+  label varchar not null,
+  short_code varchar not null,
+  field_type varchar not null
+);
+
+comment on table canonical_fields is
+  'Canonical fields are those fields that are unique across organizations.';
+comment on column canonical_fields.label is 'The description of the field';
+comment on column canonical_fields.short_code is 'The short name of the field';
+comment on column canonical_fields.field_type is 'The data type of the field';

src/database/migrations/0002-create-applicants.sql

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+create table applicants (
+  id bigint primary key generated always as identity,
+  created_at timestamp with time zone not null default now(),
+  external_id varchar not null,
+  opted_in boolean not null default false
+);
+
+comment on table applicants is
+  'Applicants submit applications for (funding) opportunities.';
+comment on column applicants.external_id is
+  'The external identifier, not necessarily unique across organizations.';

src/database/migrations/0003-create-opportunities.sql

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+create table opportunities (
+  id bigint primary key generated always as identity,
+  created_at timestamp with time zone not null default now(),
+  title varchar not null
+);
+
+comment on table opportunities is
+  'Funding opportunities such as available grants or awards.';
+comment on column opportunities.title is
+  'The external identifier; not necessarily unique across organizations.';

src/database/migrations/0004-create-application_schemas.sql

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+create table application_schemas (
+  id bigint primary key generated always as identity,
+  created_at timestamp with time zone not null default now(),
+  opportunity_id bigint not null
+    references opportunities (id) on delete cascade,
+  version smallint not null generated by default as identity,
+  constraint unique_opportunity_id_version unique (opportunity_id, version)
+);
+
+comment on table application_schemas is
+  'A set of canonical fields for one opportunity.'

src/database/migrations/0005-create-application_schema_fields.sql

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+create table application_schema_fields (
+  id bigint primary key generated always as identity,
+  created_at timestamp with time zone not null default now(),
+  application_schema_id bigint not null
+    references application_schemas (id) on delete cascade,
+  canonical_field_id bigint not null
+    references canonical_fields (id) on delete cascade,
+  position int not null,
+  label varchar not null,
+  constraint unique_application_schema_id_canonical_field_id unique(application_schema_id, canonical_field_id)
+);
+
+comment on table application_schema_fields is
+  'An available field in an application schema.';
+comment on column application_schema_fields.position is
+  'The relative order of this field within its application schema.';
+comment on column application_schema_fields.label is
+  'The name of this field within its application schema. These may vary between application schemas, opportunities, or organizations but many of these may refer to one canonical field.';

src/database/migrations/0006-create-applications.sql

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+create table applications (
+  id bigint primary key generated always as identity,
+  created_at timestamp with time zone not null default now(),
+  opportunity_id bigint not null
+    references opportunities (id) on delete cascade,
+  applicant_id bigint not null
+    references applicants (id) on delete cascade
+);
+
+comment on table applications is
+  'A submission to an opportunity for funding.';

src/database/migrations/0007-create-application_versions.sql

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+create table application_versions (
+  id bigint primary key generated always as identity,
+  created_at timestamp with time zone not null default now(),
+  application_id bigint not null
+    references applications (id) on delete cascade,
+  application_schema_id bigint not null
+    references application_schemas (id) on delete cascade,
+  version int not null,
+  constraint unique_application_id_version unique (application_id, version)
+);
+
+comment on table application_versions is
+  'One instance or version of a filled-out application.';
+comment on column application_versions.application_schema_id is
+  'The application schema for which this application was filled out.';
+comment on column application_versions.version is
+  'When there are updates to an application, higher versions are used.';

src/database/migrations/0008-create-application_field_values.sql

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+create table application_field_values (
+  id bigint primary key generated always as identity,
+  created_at timestamp with time zone not null default now(),
+  application_version_id bigint not null
+    references application_versions (id) on delete cascade,
+  application_schema_field_id bigint not null
+    references application_schema_fields (id) on delete cascade,
+  position int not null default 0,
+  field_value varchar not null,
+  constraint unique_application_version_id_application_schema_field_id_position
+    unique(application_version_id, application_schema_field_id, position)
+);
+
+comment on table application_field_values is
+  'A filled-out field value in an application.';
+comment on column application_field_values.position is
+  'When a field allows multiple responses, use additional position values.';