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Comparing the Senate bill to current law, they would gain $13,577, paying $11,831 less in federal tax and $1,746 less in state tax.

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That $13,577 gain results from reforms to the tax brackets, standard deduction, qualified business income deduction, and overtime income exemption, less a $2,332 loss from the repeal of exemptions.

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We can also select state taxes to explore the $1,746 gain, finding that it results from the standard deduction reform. Beginning in 2024, Montana adopted the federal standard deduction by statute. PolicyEngine’s [TAXSIM](http://taxsim.nber.org)-validated tax model captures these interactions between federal and state policy.
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We can also select state taxes to explore the $1,746 gain, finding that it results from the standard deduction reform. Beginning in 2024, Montana adopted the federal standard deduction by statute. PolicyEngine's [TAXSIM](http://taxsim.nber.org)-validated tax model captures these interactions between federal and state policy.

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### Couple in Georgia, House bill against current policy
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Next let’s consider household **#43826**, a Georgia couple with $71,820 income.
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Next let's consider household **#43826**, a Georgia couple with $71,820 income.

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This household would pay $1,023 less in federal tax, while losing $1,971 in benefits, for a net loss of $947.

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Like the Montana couple, this couple benefits from the standard deduction reform and overtime exemption.

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However, they lose $1,971 in Affordable Care Act Premium Tax Credits, whose enhancements (which are part of current policy) expire at the end of 2025.

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PolicyEngine counts premium tax credits as benefits since they are subsidized premiums throughout the year. Our rules engine calculates these credits to the dollar. Additionally, our rules engine calculates the dollar impacts of households modeled to lose SNAP and Medicaid access, per projections from the Congressional Budget Office.
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