-Crucially, pension contributions play a significant role. While they reduce taxable income for Income Tax, they do _not_ reduce earnings for National Insurance (except in salary sacrifice arrangements, which are not assumed here). This means a pension contribution lowers the amount of income exposed to the 2 percentage point Income Tax hike, while the household retains the full benefit of the National Insurance cut on their gross earnings. Consequently, households with higher pension contributions are better protected against the tax rise.
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