Version 1.26.0 below can't join

As the title states, from version **1.26.0** and **below**, no one can join the server. It just shows the **An error has occurred** message as seen in the image, and there are no logs available to figure out the cause.

<img width="621" height="556" alt="Image" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/af747060-ff0f-444b-852e-9d538f37dcd3" />