Added Code to Calculate Height of Binary Tree in Cpp

.vscode/settings.json

@@ -58,6 +58,71 @@
   "C_Cpp_Runner.msvcSecureNoWarnings": false,
   "files.associations": {
     "iostream": "cpp",
-    "string": "cpp"
+    "string": "cpp",
+    "array": "cpp",
+    "atomic": "cpp",
+    "bitset": "cpp",
+    "cctype": "cpp",
+    "cfenv": "cpp",
+    "chrono": "cpp",
+    "cinttypes": "cpp",
+    "clocale": "cpp",
+    "cmath": "cpp",
+    "codecvt": "cpp",
+    "complex": "cpp",
+    "condition_variable": "cpp",
+    "csetjmp": "cpp",
+    "csignal": "cpp",
+    "cstdarg": "cpp",
+    "cstddef": "cpp",
+    "cstdint": "cpp",
+    "cstdio": "cpp",
+    "cstdlib": "cpp",
+    "cstring": "cpp",
+    "ctime": "cpp",
+    "cuchar": "cpp",
+    "cwchar": "cpp",
+    "cwctype": "cpp",
+    "deque": "cpp",
+    "forward_list": "cpp",
+    "list": "cpp",
+    "unordered_map": "cpp",
+    "unordered_set": "cpp",
+    "vector": "cpp",
+    "exception": "cpp",
+    "algorithm": "cpp",
+    "functional": "cpp",
+    "iterator": "cpp",
+    "map": "cpp",
+    "memory": "cpp",
+    "memory_resource": "cpp",
+    "numeric": "cpp",
+    "random": "cpp",
+    "ratio": "cpp",
+    "regex": "cpp",
+    "set": "cpp",
+    "system_error": "cpp",
+    "tuple": "cpp",
+    "type_traits": "cpp",
+    "utility": "cpp",
+    "fstream": "cpp",
+    "future": "cpp",
+    "initializer_list": "cpp",
+    "iomanip": "cpp",
+    "iosfwd": "cpp",
+    "istream": "cpp",
+    "limits": "cpp",
+    "mutex": "cpp",
+    "new": "cpp",
+    "ostream": "cpp",
+    "scoped_allocator": "cpp",
+    "shared_mutex": "cpp",
+    "sstream": "cpp",
+    "stdexcept": "cpp",
+    "streambuf": "cpp",
+    "thread": "cpp",
+    "typeindex": "cpp",
+    "typeinfo": "cpp",
+    "valarray": "cpp"
   }
 }

CPP/data_structures/trees/Trees/Calculate_Tree_Height.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+/*
+ * Algorithm: Height of Binary Tree
+ * Description: Recursively finds the maximum number of edges on the path from the root to any leaf node.
+ * Time Complexity: O(n)
+ * Space Complexity: O(h) // Where 'h' is the height of the tree, due to recursion stack
+ * Author: Adi-3108
+ */
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <algorithm> // Required for max
+
+using namespace std;
+// 1. Structure Definition
+struct TreeNode {
+    int val;
+    TreeNode *left;
+    TreeNode *right;
+
+    // Constructor
+    TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {}
+};
+
+/**
+ * @brief Recursively calculates the height of the binary tree.
+ * * Height is defined as the number of edges on the longest path from the root to a leaf.
+ * * @param root The root of the binary tree (or subtree).
+ * @return The height of the tree (number of edges).
+ */
+int calculateHeight(TreeNode* root) {
+    // Base case: An empty tree (NULL) has a height of -1 (so a single node returns 0).
+    if (root == NULL) {
+        return -1; 
+    }
+
+    // Recursively find the height of the left and right subtrees
+    int left_height = calculateHeight(root->left);
+    int right_height = calculateHeight(root->right);
+
+    // The height of the current tree is 1 (for the current node/edge) 
+    // plus the maximum height of the subtrees.
+    return 1 + max(left_height, right_height);
+}
+
+// Test function with modern C++ features
+void testCalculateHeight() {
+    // Test Case 1: Skewed Tree (Height = 3)
+    // 1 -> 2 -> 3 -> 4
+    TreeNode *root1 = new TreeNode(1);
+    root1->left = new TreeNode(2);
+    root1->left->left = new TreeNode(3);
+    root1->left->left->left = new TreeNode(4);
+     // for verification We are Printing the expected height
+    cout << "Test Case 1 (Skewed Tree):\n";
+    cout << "Expected Height: 3, Actual Height: " << calculateHeight(root1) << endl;
+
+    // Test Case 2: Balanced Tree (Height = 2)
+    //    1
+    //   / \
+    //  2   3
+    // / \
+    // 4  5
+    TreeNode *root2 = new TreeNode(1);
+    root2->left = new TreeNode(2);
+    root2->right = new TreeNode(3);
+    root2->left->left = new TreeNode(4);
+    root2->left->right = new TreeNode(5);
+
+    cout << "\nTest Case 2 (Balanced Tree):\n";
+
+    // for verification We are Printing the expected height
+    cout << "Expected Height: 2, Actual Height: " << calculateHeight(root2) << endl;
+
+    // Clean up memory
+    delete root1->left->left->left;
+    delete root1->left->left;
+    delete root1->left;
+    delete root1;
+
+    delete root2->left->left;
+    delete root2->left->right;
+    delete root2->left;
+    delete root2->right;
+    delete root2;
+}
+
+int main() {
+    testCalculateHeight();
+    return 0;
+}