IntoTheDevOps: Add End-to-End Terraform content

Signed-off-by: NotHarshhaa <reddyharshhaa12@gmail.com>

Author: NotHarshhaa

topics/terraform/README.md

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+# Launch EC2 instance
+
+## Requirements
+
+* AWS account
+
+## Objectives
+
+1. Write Terraform configuration for launching an EC2 instance
+2. Run the commands to apply the configuration and create the EC2 instance
+3. What happens if you run again `terraform apply`?
+4. Destroy the instance you've created with Terraform

topics/terraform/exercises/launch_ec2_instance/exercise.md

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+# Launch EC2 instance
+
+## Requirements
+
+* AWS account
+
+## Objectives
+
+1. Write Terraform configuration for launching an EC2 instance
+2. Run the commands to apply the configuration and create the EC2 instance
+3. What happens if you run again `terraform apply`?
+4. Destroy the instance you've created with Terraform
+
+## Solution
+
+```
+mkdir exercise
+
+cat << EOT >> main.tf
+terraform {
+  required_providers {
+    aws = {
+      source  = "hashicorp/aws"
+      version = "~> 4.16"
+    }
+  }
+
+  required_version = ">= 1.2.0"
+}
+
+provider "aws" {
+  region  = "us-west-2"
+}
+
+resource "aws_instance" "app_server" {
+  ami           = "ami-830c94e3"
+  instance_type = "t2.micro"
+
+  tags = {
+    Name = "ExampleAppServerInstance"
+  }
+}
+EOT
+
+terraform init
+terraform validate
+terraform plan
+
+# You should see this line at the end: Plan: 1 to add, 0 to change, 0 to destroy
+
+terraform apply -auto-approve
+
+# You should see the following output:
+# aws_instance.app_server: Creation complete after 49s [id=i-004651a9d4427d236
+
+# Running 'terraform apply' again won't change anything as
+# Terraform will compare actual infrastructure to your
+# configuration and won't find any difference. You should see the following line:
+# Apply complete! Resources: 0 added, 0 changed, 0 destroyed.
+
+# Remove instance
+terraform destroy -auto-approve
+
+# Destroy complete! Resources: 1 destroyed.
+```

topics/terraform/exercises/launch_ec2_instance/solution.md

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+# Rename S3 Bucket
+
+## Requirements
+
+* An existing S3 bucket tracked by Terraform.
+If you don't have it, you can use the following block and run `terraform apply`:
+
+```terraform
+resource "aws_s3_bucket" "some_bucket" {
+    bucket = "some-old-bucket"
+}
+```
+
+## Objectives
+
+1. Rename an existing S3 bucket and make sure it's still tracked by Terraform
+
+## Solution
+
+Click [here to view the solution](solution.md)

topics/terraform/exercises/launch_ec2_web_instance/exercise.md

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+# Rename S3 Bucket
+
+## Requirements
+
+* An existing S3 bucket tracked by Terraform.
+If you don't have it, you can use the following block and run `terraform apply`:
+
+```terraform
+resource "aws_s3_bucket" "some_bucket" {
+    bucket = "some-old-bucket"
+}
+```
+
+## Objectives
+
+1. Rename an existing S3 bucket and make sure it's still tracked by Terraform
+
+## Solution
+
+```sh
+# A bucket name is immutable in AWS so we'll have to create a new bucket
+aws s3 mb s3://some-new-bucket-123
+
+# Sync old bucket to new bucket
+aws s3 sync s3://some-old-bucket s3://some-new-bucket-123
+
+# Remove the old bucket from Terraform's state
+terraform state rm aws_s3_bucket.some_bucket
+
+# Import new bucket to Terraform's state
+terraform import aws_s3_bucket.some_bucket some-new-bucket-123
+
+: '
+aws_s3_bucket.some_bucket: Refreshing state... [id=some-new-bucket-123]
+
+Import successful!
+The resources that were imported are shown above. These resources are now in
+your Terraform state and will henceforth be managed by Terraform.
+'
+
+# Modify the Terraform definition to include the new name
+# resource "aws_s3_bucket" "some_bucket" {
+#    bucket = "some-new-bucket-123"
+# }
+
+# Remove old bucket
+aws s3 rm s3://some-old-bucket --recursive
+aws s3 rb s3://some-old-bucket
+```

topics/terraform/exercises/s3_bucket_rename/exercise.md

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+# Local Provider
+
+## Objectives
+
+Learn how to use and run Terraform basic commands
+
+1. Create a directory called "my_first_run"
+2. Inside the directory create a file called "main.tf" with the following content
+
+```terraform
+resource "local_file" "mario_local_file" {
+    content  = "It's a me, Mario!"
+    filename = "/tmp/who_is_it.txt"
+}
+```
+3. Run `terraform init`. What did it do?
+4. Run `terraform plan`. What Terraform is going to perform?
+5. Finally, run `terraform apply` and verify the file was created
+
+## Solution
+
+Click [here to view the solution](solution.md)

topics/terraform/exercises/s3_bucket_rename/solution.md

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+# Local Provider
+
+## Objectives
+
+Learn how to use and run Terraform basic commands
+
+1. Create a directory called "my_first_run"
+2. Inside the directory create a file called "main.tf" with the following content
+
+```terraform
+resource "local_file" "mario_local_file" {
+    content  = "It's a me, Mario!"
+    filename = "/tmp/who_is_it.txt"
+}
+```
+3. Run `terraform init`. What did it do?
+4. Run `terraform plan`. What Terraform is going to perform?
+5. Finally, run 'terraform apply' and verify the file was created
+
+## Solution
+
+```sh
+# Create a directory
+mkdir my_first_run && cd my_first_run
+
+# Create the file 'main.tf'
+cat << EOT >>  main.tf
+resource "local_file" "mario_local_file" {
+    content  = "It's a me, Mario!"
+    filename = "/tmp/who_is_it.txt"
+}
+EOT
+
+# Run 'terraform init'
+terraform init
+# Running 'ls -la' you'll it created '.terraform' and '.terraform.lock.hcl'
+# In addition, it initialized (downloaded and installed) the relevant provider plugins. In this case, the "hashicorp/local"
+
+# Run 'terraform plan'
+terraform plan
+# It shows what Terraform is going to perform once you'll run 'terraform apply'
+
+<< terraform_plan_output
+Terraform will perform the following actions:
+
+  # local_file.mario_local_file will be created
+  + resource "local_file" "mario_local_file" {
+      + content              = "It's a me, Mario!"
+      + directory_permission = "0777"
+      + file_permission      = "0777"
+      + filename             = "/tmp/who_is_it.txt"
+      + id                   = (known after apply)
+    }
+
+Plan: 1 to add, 0 to change, 0 to destroy.
+terraform_plan_output
+
+# Apply main.tf (it's better to run without -auto-approve if you are new to Terraform)
+terraform apply -auto-approve
+
+ls /tmp/who_is_it.txt
+# /tmp/who_is_it.txt
+```