diff --git a/.dockerignore b/.dockerignore new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a91416d22 --- /dev/null +++ b/.dockerignore @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Contributors to PyPSA-Eur +# +# SPDX-License-Identifier: CC0-1.0 + +* +!pixi.* \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes index 35762e614..157d94572 100644 --- a/.gitattributes +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -4,3 +4,5 @@ *.h5 filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text *.zip filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text +# SCM syntax highlighting & preventing 3-way merges +pixi.lock merge=binary linguist-language=YAML linguist-generated=true diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.yaml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.yaml index e80155f2c..4964065a9 100644 --- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.yaml +++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.yaml @@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ body: attributes: label: Installed Versions description: > - Please share information on your environment. Paste the output below. For conda ``conda env export`` and for pip ``pip freeze``. + Please share information on your environment. Paste the output below. For conda ``conda env export`` and for pixi, the content of ``pixi.lock``. value: >
diff --git a/.github/workflows/release.yaml b/.github/workflows/release.yaml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..58a592b18 --- /dev/null +++ b/.github/workflows/release.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,93 @@ +name: Release + +on: + push: + tags: + - v*.*.* + +env: + PREPARATION_COMMIT: '[github-actions.ci] prepare release ${{ github.ref_name }}' + BASE_ENV: envs/environment.yaml + +jobs: + check-preparation: + name: Check if release is prepared + runs-on: ubuntu-latest + outputs: + prepared: ${{ steps.validate.outputs.prepared }} + steps: + - uses: actions/checkout@v6 + + - name: Validate commit message + id: validate + run: | + # Check if last commit is the expected commit message + COMMIT_MESSAGE=$(git log -1 --pretty=%B) + echo "Expected: '${{ env.PREPARATION_COMMIT }}'" + echo "Received: '$COMMIT_MESSAGE'" + + prepared="false" + if [[ "$COMMIT_MESSAGE" == "${{ env.PREPARATION_COMMIT }}" ]]; then + prepared="true" + fi + + echo "prepared=$prepared" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT + + prepare-release: + name: Prepare release + needs: [check-preparation] + if: ${{ needs.check-preparation.outputs.prepared == 'false' }} + runs-on: ubuntu-latest + steps: + - name: Generate token for PyPSA Bot + id: generate-token + uses: actions/create-github-app-token@v2 + with: + app-id: ${{ vars.PYPSA_BOT_ID }} + private-key: ${{ secrets.PYPSA_BOT_PRIVATE_KEY }} + + - uses: actions/checkout@v6 + with: + fetch-depth: 0 + + - name: Find the branch for commit/ tag + run: | + branch=$(git branch -r --contains ${{ github.sha }} | grep -v 'HEAD' | head -n 1 | sed 's|origin/||' | sed 's/^[[:space:]]*//;s/[[:space:]]*$//') + echo "Branch found: $branch" + echo "BRANCH_NAME=$branch" >> $GITHUB_ENV + + - uses: actions/checkout@v6 + with: + fetch-depth: 0 + ref: ${{ env.BRANCH_NAME }} + token: ${{ steps.generate-token.outputs.token }} + + - name: Setup Pixi + uses: prefix-dev/setup-pixi@v0.9.3 + with: + pixi-version: v0.59.0 + cache: true + # Do not cache in branches + cache-write: ${{ github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref_name == 'main' }} + + # Start of preparation script + + - name: Update DAGs in documentation + run: | + pixi run update-dags + + # End of preparation script + + - name: Remove previous tag + run: | + git tag -d ${{ github.ref_name }} + git push origin --delete ${{ github.ref_name }} + + - name: Commit changes + uses: stefanzweifel/git-auto-commit-action@v7 + with: + branch: ${{ env.BRANCH_NAME }} + commit_message: '${{ env.PREPARATION_COMMIT }}' + tagging_message: '${{ github.ref_name }}' # add tag again + push_options: '${{ github.ref_name }}' + add_options: '-u' # Never add untracked files diff --git a/.github/workflows/test.yaml b/.github/workflows/test.yaml index 42622567e..32cd6363c 100644 --- a/.github/workflows/test.yaml +++ b/.github/workflows/test.yaml @@ -16,9 +16,6 @@ concurrency: group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }} cancel-in-progress: true -env: - BASE_ENV: envs/environment.yaml - jobs: run-tests: name: OS @@ -36,67 +33,75 @@ jobs: steps: - uses: actions/checkout@v6 - - name: Setup env file path (ubuntu) - if: matrix.os == 'ubuntu' - run: | - echo "env_file=envs/linux-64.lock.yaml" >> $GITHUB_ENV - - - name: Setup env file path (macos and windows) - if: matrix.os != 'ubuntu' - run: | - if [[ "${{ matrix.os }}" == "macos" ]]; then - echo "env_file=envs/osx-arm64.lock.yaml" >> $GITHUB_ENV - else - echo "env_file=envs/win-64.lock.yaml" >> $GITHUB_ENV - fi - - - name: Use base env file if it was changed + - uses: dorny/paths-filter@v3 + id: filter + with: + filters: | + src: + - 'scripts/**' + - 'rules/**' + - 'data/**' + - 'Snakefile' + - 'config/**' + - 'test/**' + - 'pixi.toml' + - 'pixi.lock' + - '.github/workflows/test.yaml' + + - name: Free up disk space run: | - git fetch origin ${{ github.event.repository.default_branch }} - if git diff --name-only origin/${{ github.event.repository.default_branch }} | grep '${{ env.BASE_ENV }}'; then - echo "Base env ${{ env.BASE_ENV }} changed. Using it instead of locked envs." - echo "env_file=${{ env.BASE_ENV }}" >> $GITHUB_ENV - else - echo "Base env ${{ env.BASE_ENV }} not changed. Using locked envs." - fi + echo "Initial disk space" + df -h + echo "Free up disk space" + sudo rm -rf /usr/share/dotnet /usr/local/lib/android /opt/ghc /opt/hostedtoolcache/CodeQL + sudo docker image prune --all --force + sudo docker builder prune -a --force + echo "Final disk space" + df -h + - name: Skip - no source changes + if: steps.filter.outputs.src != 'true' && github.event_name != 'schedule' + run: echo "Skipping tests because no source code changes detected" + + - name: Setup Pixi + if: steps.filter.outputs.src == 'true' || github.event_name == 'schedule' + uses: prefix-dev/setup-pixi@v0.9.3 + with: + pixi-version: v0.59.0 + cache: true + # Do not cache in branches + cache-write: ${{ github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref_name == 'main' }} - name: Setup cache keys + if: steps.filter.outputs.src == 'true' || github.event_name == 'schedule' run: | echo "WEEK=$(date +'%Y%U')" >> $GITHUB_ENV # data and cutouts - uses: actions/cache@v5 + if: steps.filter.outputs.src == 'true' || github.event_name == 'schedule' with: path: | data cutouts key: data-cutouts-${{ env.WEEK }} - - uses: conda-incubator/setup-miniconda@v3 - with: - miniforge-version: latest - activate-environment: pypsa-de - channel-priority: strict - - - name: Cache Conda env - uses: actions/cache@v5 - with: - path: ${{ env.CONDA }}/envs - key: conda-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ hashFiles(format('{0}', env.env_file)) }} - id: cache-env - - - name: Update environment - if: steps.cache-env.outputs.cache-hit != 'true' + - name: Run pylint check on scripts + if: steps.filter.outputs.src == 'true' || github.event_name == 'schedule' + # check for undefined variables to reuse functions across scripts run: | - conda env update -n pypsa-de -f ${{ env.env_file }} - echo "Run conda list" && conda list + pixi run pylint --disable=all --enable=E0601,E0606 --output-format=parseable scripts/add_* scripts/prepare_* scripts/solve_* - name: Run snakemake test workflows + if: steps.filter.outputs.src == 'true' || github.event_name == 'schedule' + env: + SNAKEMAKE_STORAGE_CACHED_HTTP_CACHE: "" + SNAKEMAKE_STORAGE_CACHED_HTTP_SKIP_REMOTE_CHECKS: "1" run: | - make test + pixi run integration-tests - name: Run unit tests + if: steps.filter.outputs.src == 'true' || github.event_name == 'schedule' run: | - make unit-test + pixi run unit-tests - name: Upload artifacts if: always() @@ -108,3 +113,7 @@ jobs: .snakemake/log results retention-days: 3 + + - name: Show remaining disk space + if: always() + run: df -h diff --git a/.github/workflows/update-lockfile.yaml b/.github/workflows/update-lockfile.yaml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..31d264773 --- /dev/null +++ b/.github/workflows/update-lockfile.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ +name: Update locked envs +on: + push: + paths: + - pixi.toml + schedule: + - cron: "0 8 1,16 * *" # Bi-weekly + workflow_dispatch: + +jobs: + update-locked-environment: + if: ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' }} + name: Update lockfiles + runs-on: ubuntu-latest + defaults: + run: + shell: bash -l {0} + steps: + - uses: actions/checkout@v6 + + - name: Setup Pixi + uses: prefix-dev/setup-pixi@v0.9.3 + with: + pixi-version: v0.59.0 + + - name: Update lockfile + run: | + rm pixi.lock + pixi install --all + + - name: Create new conda lock files + run: | + pixi workspace export conda-explicit-spec -e default envs + for f in envs/*_conda_spec*; do mv "$f" "${f/_conda_spec/.pin}"; done + + - name: Create new conda environment file + run: | + pixi workspace export conda-environment -e default envs/environment.yaml -n pypsa-eur + + - name: Upload artifacts + uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6 + with: + name: lockfiles + path: | + pixi.lock + envs/ + + create-pull-request: + needs: update-locked-environment + runs-on: ubuntu-latest + steps: + - uses: actions/checkout@v6 + - name: Download all artifacts + uses: actions/download-artifact@v7 + with: + name: lockfiles + + - name: Create Pull Request + uses: peter-evans/create-pull-request@v8 + with: + token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }} + branch: update-locked-environment + title: "[github-actions.ci] Update locked envs" + body: | + Automatically generated PR to update the pixi lockfile. + + **Note: Do not merge without manual test execution. Either update the branch to trigger tests, or use `workflow_dispatch` to run tests manually. Unlike standard PRs, tests will not run automatically.** + commit-message: "Update locked environment files for all platforms" diff --git a/.github/workflows/update-pinned-env.yaml b/.github/workflows/update-pinned-env.yaml deleted file mode 100644 index ee9b7cff6..000000000 --- a/.github/workflows/update-pinned-env.yaml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,91 +0,0 @@ -name: Update locked envs -on: - push: - paths: - - envs/environment.yaml - schedule: - - cron: "0 8 1,16 * *" # Bi-weekly - workflow_dispatch: - -env: - BASE_ENV: envs/environment.yaml - -jobs: - update-locked-environment: - if: ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' }} - name: Update pinned envs - runs-on: ubuntu-latest - defaults: - run: - shell: bash -l {0} - steps: - - uses: actions/checkout@v6 - - - name: Setup conda - uses: conda-incubator/setup-miniconda@v3 - with: - miniforge-version: latest - activate-environment: ${{ github.event.repository.name }} - channel-priority: strict - environment-file: ${{ env.BASE_ENV }} - - - name: Install conda-lock - run: | - conda install -c conda-forge conda-lock - - - name: Generate lockfiles for all platforms - run: | - conda-lock -f ${{ env.BASE_ENV }} \ - -p linux-64 -p osx-64 -p win-64 -p osx-arm64 \ - -k env --filename-template "envs/{platform}.lock" - - # Rename to .yaml extension - for file in envs/*.lock.yml; do - mv "$file" "${file%.yml}.yaml" - done - - - name: Insert environment name in lock files - run: | - for file in envs/*.lock.yaml; do - if [ -f "$file" ]; then - echo "Processing $file" - if ! grep -q "name: pypsa-de" "$file"; then - # Insert name: pypsa-de before channels section - sed -i '7a name: pypsa-de' "$file" - else - echo "name: pypsa-de already exists in $file" - fi - fi - done - - - - name: Upload artifacts - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6 - with: - name: lockfiles - path: envs/*.lock.yaml - - create-pull-request: - needs: update-locked-environment - runs-on: ubuntu-latest - steps: - - uses: actions/checkout@v6 - - name: Download all artifacts - uses: actions/download-artifact@v7 - with: - name: lockfiles - path: envs/ - - - name: Create Pull Request - uses: peter-evans/create-pull-request@v8 - with: - token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }} - branch: update-locked-environment - title: "[github-actions.ci] Update locked envs" - body: | - Automatically generated PR to update locked environment files for Windows, macOS, and Linux. - - These files were generated using conda-lock for improved dependency resolution and reproducibility. - - **Note: Do not merge without manual test execution. Either update the branch to trigger tests, or use `workflow_dispatch` to run tests manually. Unlike standard PRs, tests will not run automatically.** - commit-message: "Update locked environment files for all platforms" diff --git a/.github/workflows/validate.yaml b/.github/workflows/validate.yaml index ceafd7f3f..db5180ad5 100644 --- a/.github/workflows/validate.yaml +++ b/.github/workflows/validate.yaml @@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ jobs: name: Create report needs: run-validation if: | - github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name == github.repository && + github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name == github.repository && needs.run-validation.outputs.validation_failed != 'true' runs-on: ubuntu-latest steps: diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore index 173c9dfbe..c82d60353 100644 --- a/.gitignore +++ b/.gitignore @@ -4,9 +4,12 @@ master +.env + .snakemake* .ipynb_checkpoints __pycache__ +*.egg-info *dconf gurobi.log .vscode @@ -21,7 +24,16 @@ gurobi.log /benchmarks /logs /notebooks -/data +/data/* +# Allowlist a small subset under data/pypsa-de. +# Important: parent directories must be un-ignored for negations to take effect. +!/data/pypsa-de/ +/data/pypsa-de/* +!/data/pypsa-de/custom_costs_nep_2021.csv +!/data/pypsa-de/custom_costs_nep_2023.csv +!/data/pypsa-de/offshore_connection_points.csv +!/data/pypsa-de/wasserstoff_kernnetz/ +!/data/pypsa-de/wasserstoff_kernnetz/** /cutouts /tmp doc/_build @@ -33,7 +45,6 @@ doc/_build config/scenarios.yaml config/scenarios.automated.yaml -dconf /data/links_p_nom.csv /data/*totals.csv /data/biomass* @@ -46,9 +57,9 @@ dconf /data/transport_data.csv /data/.nfs* /data/retro/* -/data/bundle/nuts* data/gas_network/scigrid-gas/ data/costs_*.csv +!/data/custom_costs.csv dask-worker-space/ publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ @@ -92,4 +103,8 @@ dev/* # ai coding tools CLAUDE.md .claude/ -.github/copilot-instructions.md \ No newline at end of file +.github/copilot-instructions.md +CLAUDE.local.md +# pixi environments +.pixi/* +!.pixi/config.toml diff --git a/.pixi/.gitignore b/.pixi/.gitignore new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e9eaef374 --- /dev/null +++ b/.pixi/.gitignore @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Contributors to PyPSA-Eur +# +# SPDX-License-Identifier: CC0-1.0 + +* +!.gitignore +!config.toml diff --git a/.pixi/config.toml b/.pixi/config.toml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b5f21c162 --- /dev/null +++ b/.pixi/config.toml @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Contributors to PyPSA-Eur +# +# SPDX-License-Identifier: CC0-1.0 + +pinning-strategy = "latest-up" +run-post-link-scripts = "false" # set to "insecure" to allow running post-link scripts diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml index 75b662491..b0bc9781f 100644 --- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml +++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ +# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Contributors to PyPSA-Eur +# +# SPDX-License-Identifier: CC0-1.0 + exclude: "^LICENSES" ci: @@ -14,7 +18,7 @@ repos: # Run ruff to lint and format - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit # Ruff version. - rev: v0.13.3 + rev: v0.14.10 hooks: # Run the linter. - id: ruff diff --git a/.readthedocs.yml b/.readthedocs.yml index 000f013f2..baceeecd3 100644 --- a/.readthedocs.yml +++ b/.readthedocs.yml @@ -7,13 +7,18 @@ version: 2 sphinx: configuration: doc/conf.py + build: - os: ubuntu-22.04 + os: ubuntu-24.04 tools: - python: "3.11" - apt_packages: - - graphviz - -python: - install: - - requirements: doc/requirements.txt + python: "3.12" + jobs: + create_environment: + - asdf plugin add pixi + - asdf install pixi latest + - asdf global pixi latest + install: + - pixi install -e doc --frozen + build: + html: + - pixi run build-docs $READTHEDOCS_OUTPUT html diff --git a/.sync-send b/.sync-send index 8d9d3ed28..51d320e98 100644 --- a/.sync-send +++ b/.sync-send @@ -9,3 +9,7 @@ config/test envs matplotlibrc Snakefile +data +pixi.toml +pixi.lock +matplotlibrc diff --git a/.syncignore-receive b/.syncignore-receive index 0e44a1fc9..ffd274c34 100644 --- a/.syncignore-receive +++ b/.syncignore-receive @@ -12,5 +12,4 @@ __pycache__ # project specific data resources -*.nc -ariadne-data +*.nc \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md index 0c4442c66..cba950fda 100644 --- a/CHANGELOG.md +++ b/CHANGELOG.md @@ -1,4 +1,6 @@ # Changelog +- Upstream: PyPSA-Eur adopted a new functionality for overwriting costs. PyPSA-DE follows this convention now. As a consequence, the `costs:horizon:optimist/mean/pessimist` is no longer available. `Mean` will be provided exclusively from now on. Also, the costs assumptions for onwind turbines changed sligthly. Furthermore, "costs:NEP_year:2021/2023" is no longer available, instead one of the custom_cost files for these NEP years provided in the `data/pypsa-de` folder has to be specified. +- The `ariadne-data` folder has been moved and renamed to `data/pypsa-de` to conform with the syntax of `scripts/pypsa-de` - Bugfix: Enforce stricter power import limit to avoid that import from one country compensate from exports to another - Added the IIASA database to the repository and disabled re-downloading it by default. - Simplified IIASA database download, rename `iiasa_database` config section to `pypsa-de` diff --git a/CITATION.cff b/CITATION.cff index 6ebc9e8f4..a07a651f9 100644 --- a/CITATION.cff +++ b/CITATION.cff @@ -1,11 +1,74 @@ +# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Contributors to PyPSA-DE +# +# SPDX-License-Identifier: CC0-1.0 + cff-version: 1.2.0 -message: "pypsa-de" -title: "PyPSA-DE - Hochaufgelöstes, sektorengekoppeltes Modell des deutschen Energiesystems" -repository: https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-de +message: "If you use this model, please cite both the article from the preferred-citation section and the base model pypsa-eur from the references section." +title: "PyPSA-DE: An open sector-coupled optimisation model of the German energy system" +repository: https://github.com/pypsa/pypsa-de version: 0.3.0 doi: "10.5281/zenodo.15096969" date-released: "Mar 27, 2025" license: MIT -authors: - - family-names: Lindner, Seibold, Geis, Brown - given-names: Michael, Toni, Julian, Tom +preferred-citation: + - type: article + title: "Pypsa-De: Open-Source German Energy System Model Reveals Savings From Integrated Planning" + doi: "10.1109/EEM64765.2025.11050093" + authors: + - family-names: Lindner + given-names: Michael + orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9697-7577 + - family-names: Geis + given-names: Julian + - family-names: Seibold + given-names: Toni + - family-names: Brown + given-names: Tom + orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5898-1911 +references: + - title: "PyPSA-Eur: An open sector-coupled optimisation model of the European energy system" + repository: https://github.com/pypsa/pypsa-eur + version: v2025.07.0 + license: MIT + authors: + - family-names: Brown + given-names: Tom + orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5898-1911 + - family-names: Victoria + given-names: Marta + orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1665-1281 + - family-names: Zeyen + given-names: Elisabeth + orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7262-3296 + - family-names: Hofmann + given-names: Fabian + orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6604-5450 + - family-names: Neumann + given-names: Fabian + orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8551-1480 + - family-names: Frysztacki + given-names: Martha + orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0788-1328 + - family-names: Hampp + given-names: Johannes + orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1776-116X + - family-names: Schlachtberger + given-names: David + orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8167-8213 + - family-names: Hörsch + given-names: Jonas + orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9438-767X + - family-names: Schledorn + given-names: Amos + - family-names: Schauß + given-names: Caspar + - family-names: van Greevenbroek + given-names: Koen + - family-names: Millinger + given-names: Markus + - family-names: Glaum + given-names: Philipp + - family-names: Xiong + given-names: Bobby + - family-names: Seibold + given-names: Toni diff --git a/LICENSES/CC-BY-SA-4.0.txt b/LICENSES/CC-BY-SA-4.0.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..835a6836b --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSES/CC-BY-SA-4.0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,170 @@ +Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International + + Creative Commons Corporation (“Creative Commons”) is not a law firm and does not provide legal services or legal advice. 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Notwithstanding, Creative Commons may elect to apply one of its public licenses to material it publishes and in those instances will be considered the “Licensor.” Except for the limited purpose of indicating that material is shared under a Creative Commons public license or as otherwise permitted by the Creative Commons policies published at creativecommons.org/policies, Creative Commons does not authorize the use of the trademark “Creative Commons” or any other trademark or logo of Creative Commons without its prior written consent including, without limitation, in connection with any unauthorized modifications to any of its public licenses or any other arrangements, understandings, or agreements concerning use of licensed material. For the avoidance of doubt, this paragraph does not form part of the public licenses. + +Creative Commons may be contacted at creativecommons.org. diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile deleted file mode 100755 index 34d4251f9..000000000 --- a/Makefile +++ /dev/null @@ -1,110 +0,0 @@ -# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Contributors to PyPSA-Eur -# -# SPDX-License-Identifier: CC0-1.0 - -.ONESHELL: - -.PHONY: _conda_check install install-pinned-linux install-pinned-windows install-pinned-macos install-lock-linux64 install-lock-linux-arm install-lock-windows install-lock-macos64 install-lock-macos-arm test checks clean-tests reset - -# Helper: Check if conda or mamba is installed and set CONDA_OR_MAMBA variable -# mamba is preferred over conda if both are installed, unless PYPSA_PREFER_CONDA is set to true -_conda_check: - @# Check prefer_conda environment variable - @if [ "$$PYPSA_PREFER_CONDA" = "true" ]; then \ - if command -v conda &> /dev/null; then \ - echo "Conda preferred and detected. Using Conda..."; \ - $(eval CONDA_OR_MAMBA := conda) \ - elif command -v mamba &> /dev/null; then \ - echo "Conda preferred but not found. Using Mamba..."; \ - $(eval CONDA_OR_MAMBA := mamba) \ - else \ - echo "Neither Conda nor Mamba is installed. Please install one of them and retry."; \ - exit 1; \ - fi \ - else \ - if command -v mamba &> /dev/null; then \ - echo "Mamba detected, using Mamba..."; \ - $(eval CONDA_OR_MAMBA := mamba) \ - elif command -v conda &> /dev/null; then \ - echo "Mamba not found, but Conda detected. Using Conda..."; \ - $(eval CONDA_OR_MAMBA := conda) \ - else \ - echo "Neither Conda nor Mamba is installed. Please install one of them and retry."; \ - exit 1; \ - fi \ - fi - -# Install environment -# Install from conda-lock files (recommended) -install-lock-linux64: _conda_check - $(CONDA_OR_MAMBA) env create -f envs/linux-64.lock.yaml -n $(or $(name), pypsa-eur) - $(CONDA_OR_MAMBA) run -n $(or $(name), pypsa-eur) pre-commit install - -install-lock-windows: _conda_check - $(CONDA_OR_MAMBA) env create -f envs/win-64.lock.yaml -n $(or $(name), pypsa-eur) - $(CONDA_OR_MAMBA) run -n $(or $(name), pypsa-eur) pre-commit install - -install-lock-macos64: _conda_check - $(CONDA_OR_MAMBA) env create -f envs/osx-64.lock.yaml -n $(or $(name), pypsa-eur) - $(CONDA_OR_MAMBA) run -n $(or $(name), pypsa-eur) pre-commit install - -install-lock-macos-arm: _conda_check - $(CONDA_OR_MAMBA) env create -f envs/osx-arm64.lock.yaml -n $(or $(name), pypsa-eur) - $(CONDA_OR_MAMBA) run -n $(or $(name), pypsa-eur) pre-commit install - -# Install pinned environment (deprecated, but maintained for backward compatibility) -install-pinned-linux: _conda_check - @echo "WARNING: The 'install-pinned-linux' target is deprecated and will be removed in a future release." - @echo "Please use 'install-lock-linux64' (for x86_64) or 'install-lock-linux-arm' (for ARM) instead" - @echo "Or directly use: conda env create -f envs/linux-64.lock.yaml" - $(CONDA_OR_MAMBA) env create -f envs/linux-64.lock.yaml -n $(or $(name), pypsa-eur) - $(CONDA_OR_MAMBA) run -n $(or $(name), pypsa-eur) pre-commit install - -install-pinned-windows: _conda_check - @echo "WARNING: The 'install-pinned-windows' target is deprecated and will be removed in a future release." - @echo "Please use 'install-lock-windows' instead" - @echo "Or directly use: conda env create -f envs/win-64.lock.yaml" - $(CONDA_OR_MAMBA) env create -f envs/win-64.lock.yaml -n $(or $(name), pypsa-eur) - $(CONDA_OR_MAMBA) run -n $(or $(name), pypsa-eur) pre-commit install - -install-pinned-macos: _conda_check - @echo "WARNING: The 'install-pinned-macos' target is deprecated and will be removed in a future release." - @echo "Please use 'install-lock-macos64' (for Intel) or 'install-lock-macos-arm' (for Apple Silicon) instead" - @echo "Or directly use: conda env create -f envs/osx-64.lock.yaml" - $(CONDA_OR_MAMBA) env create -f envs/osx-64.lock.yaml -n $(or $(name), pypsa-eur) - $(CONDA_OR_MAMBA) run -n $(or $(name), pypsa-eur) pre-commit install - - -# Run default tests -test: - set -e - echo "Running tests..." - echo "Build scenarios..." - snakemake -call build_scenarios - echo "Run DACH config..." - snakemake -call ariadne_all --until export_ariadne_variables --configfile=config/test/config.dach.yaml - echo "All tests completed successfully." - -unit-test: - pytest test - -# Cleans all output files from tests -clean-tests: - snakemake -call solve_elec_networks --configfile config/test/config.electricity.yaml --delete-all-output - snakemake -call --configfile config/test/config.overnight.yaml --delete-all-output - snakemake -call --configfile config/test/config.myopic.yaml --delete-all-output - snakemake -call make_summary_perfect --configfile config/test/config.perfect.yaml --delete-all-output - snakemake -call --configfile config/test/config.scenarios.yaml -n --delete-all-output - snakemake -call plot_power_networks_clustered --configfile config/test/config.tyndp.yaml --delete-all-output - -# Removes all created files except for large cutout files (similar to fresh clone) -reset: - @echo "Do you really wanna continue? This will remove logs, resources, benchmarks, results, and .snakemake directories (config/config.yaml will not be deleted) (y/n): " && \ - read ans && [ $${ans} = y ] && ( \ - rm -r ./logs || true; \ - rm -r ./resources || true; \ - rm -r ./benchmarks || true; \ - rm -r ./results || true; \ - rm -r ./.snakemake || true; \ - echo "Reset completed." \ - ) || echo "Reset cancelled." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 6d2340dee..59aa9b327 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ This will run all analysis steps to reproduce results. If computational resource ## Repo structure * `config`: configuration files -* `ariadne-data`: Germany specific data from the Ariadne project +* `data/pypsa-de`: Germany specific data from the Ariadne project * `scripts`: contains the Python scripts for the workflow, the Germany specific code needed to run this repo is contained in `scripts/pypsa-de` * `cutouts`: very large weather data cutouts supplied by atlite library (does not exist initially) * `data`: place for raw data (does not exist initially) @@ -85,11 +85,11 @@ PyPSA-DE is a softfork of PyPSA-EUR. As such, large parts of the functionality a - `first_technology_occurrence` - specify the year form which on specific technologies are available - `solving:constraints` - specify PyPSA-DE specific limits, e.g. on capacity, trade and generation - `co2_budget_DE_source` specify the carbon trajectory for Germany: Following the projections of the Umweltbundestamt (`UBA`) or targeting net zero with the Klimaschutzgesetz(`KSG`) -- `costs:NEP` and `costs:transmission` - specify which year of the Netzentwicklungsplan should be used as basis for the transmission line costs (`2021,2023`) and if new HVDC links should be built with `overhead` or `underground` cables +- `costs:transmission` - specify if new HVDC links should be built with `overhead` or `underground` cables. the basic cost assumptions of the Netzentwicklungsplan (`2021,2023`) can be changed by using one of the two corresponding `custom_cost_nep_*.csv` files provided in the `data/pypsa-de` folder ## Data sources -`ariadne-data/ariadne-database.csv` +`data/pypsa-de/data/pypsa-debase.csv` * **Source:** Kopernikus Projekt Ariadne * **Link:** [Szenarien-Explorer](https://ariadne2.apps.ece.iiasa.ac.at/explorer) @@ -136,25 +136,34 @@ for installation instructions and other useful information about the snakemake w The model is designed to be imported into the open toolbox [PyPSA](https://github.com/PyPSA/PyPSA). -**WARNING**: PyPSA-Eur is under active development and has several -[limitations](https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/limitations.html) which -you should understand before using the model. The github repository -[issues](https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur/issues) collect known topics we are -working on (please feel free to help or make suggestions). The -[documentation](https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/) remains somewhat patchy. You -can find showcases of the model's capabilities in the Joule paper [The potential -role of a hydrogen network in -Europe](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2023.06.016), another [paper in Joule -with a description of the industry -sector](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2022.04.016), or in [a 2021 presentation -at EMP-E](https://nworbmot.org/energy/brown-empe.pdf). We do not recommend to -use the full resolution network model for simulations. At high granularity the -assignment of loads and generators to the nearest network node may not be a -correct assumption, depending on the topology of the underlying distribution -grid, and local grid bottlenecks may cause unrealistic load-shedding or -generator curtailment. We recommend to cluster the network to a couple of -hundred nodes to remove these local inconsistencies. See the discussion in -Section 3.4 "Model validation" of the paper. +> [!NOTE] +> PyPSA-Eur has many contributors, with the maintenance currently led by the [Department of Digital Transformation in +> Energy Systems](https://tu.berlin/en/ensys) at the [Technical University of +> Berlin](https://www.tu.berlin). +> Previous versions were developed at the [Karlsruhe +> Institute of Technology](http://www.kit.edu/english/index.php) funded by the +> [Helmholtz Association](https://www.helmholtz.de/en/). + +> [!WARNING] +> PyPSA-Eur is under active development and has several +> [limitations](https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/limitations.html) which +> you should understand before using the model. The github repository +> [issues](https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur/issues) collect known topics we are +> working on (please feel free to help or make suggestions). The +> [documentation](https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/) remains somewhat patchy. You +> can find showcases of the model's capabilities in the Joule paper [The potential +> role of a hydrogen network in +> Europe](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2023.06.016), another [paper in Joule +> with a description of the industry +> sector](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2022.04.016), or in [a 2021 presentation +> at EMP-E](https://nworbmot.org/energy/brown-empe.pdf). We do not recommend to +> use the full resolution network model for simulations. At high granularity the +> assignment of loads and generators to the nearest network node may not be a +> correct assumption, depending on the topology of the underlying distribution +> grid, and local grid bottlenecks may cause unrealistic load-shedding or +> generator curtailment. We recommend to cluster the network to a couple of +> hundred nodes to remove these local inconsistencies. See the discussion in +> Section 3.4 "Model validation" of the paper. ![PyPSA-Eur Grid Model](doc/img/elec.png) diff --git a/REUSE.toml b/REUSE.toml index b9f6e2054..fcedb91a7 100644 --- a/REUSE.toml +++ b/REUSE.toml @@ -5,9 +5,8 @@ SPDX-PackageDownloadLocation = "https://github.com/pypsa/pypsa-eur" [[annotations]] path = [ - "data/**", "doc/configtables/*", - "doc/data.csv", + "doc/data_inventory.csv", "doc/img/*", "test/test_data/*", ] @@ -18,8 +17,113 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier = "CC-BY-4.0" path = [ ".github/**", "borg-it", - "envs/*.lock.yaml", + "pixi.lock", "matplotlibrc", + "envs/*.pin.txt", + "envs/environment.yaml" ] SPDX-FileCopyrightText = "The PyPSA-Eur Authors" SPDX-License-Identifier = "CC0-1.0" + + +# Make sure to keep in sync with: https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/data-repos.html + +[[annotations]] +path = [ + "data/agg_p_nom_minmax.csv", + "data/ammonia_plants.csv", + "data/ch_industrial_production_per_subsector.csv", + "data/district_heat_share.csv", + "data/entsoegridkit/*", + "data/heat_load_profile_BDEW.csv", + "data/hydro_capacities.csv", + "data/links_p_nom.csv", + "data/parameter_corrections.yaml", + "data/retro/window_assumptions.csv", + "data/retro/retro_cost_germany.csv", + "data/switzerland-new_format-all_years.csv", + "data/transmission_projects/**", + "data/unit_commitment.csv", + "data/versions.csv", + "data/custom_costs.csv", +] +SPDX-FileCopyrightText = "The PyPSA-Eur Authors" +SPDX-License-Identifier = "CC-BY-4.0" + +[[annotations]] +path = [ + "data/custom_powerplants.csv", +] +SPDX-FileCopyrightText = "The PyPSA-Eur Authors" +SPDX-License-Identifier = "CC0-1.0" + +[[annotations]] +path = [ + "data/retro/comparative_level_investments.csv", + "data/retro/electricity_taxes_eu.csv", + "data/retro/comparative_level_investment.csv", +] +SPDX-FileCopyrightText = "eurostat" +SPDX-License-Identifier = "CC-BY-4.0" + +[[annotations]] +path = [ + "data/retro/floor_area_missing.csv", + "data/retro/u_values_poland.csv", + "data/existing_infrastructure/existing_heating_raw.csv", +] +SPDX-FileCopyrightText = "European Commission, Directorate-General for Energy (DG ENER)" +SPDX-License-Identifier = "CC-BY-4.0" + +[[annotations]] +path = [ + "data/retro/data_building_stock.csv", +] +SPDX-FileCopyrightText = "Simon Pezzutto" +SPDX-License-Identifier = "CC-BY-4.0" + +[[annotations]] +path = [ + "data/refineries-noneu.csv", + "data/eia_hydro_annual_capacity.csv", + "data/eia_hydro_annual_generation.csv", +] +SPDX-FileCopyrightText = "Energy Information Agency (EIA)" +SPDX-License-Identifier = "CC0-1.0" + +[[annotations]] +path = [ + "data/nuclear_p_max_pu.csv", +] +SPDX-FileCopyrightText = "International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)" +SPDX-License-Identifier = "CC-BY-4.0" + + +[[annotations]] +path = [ + "data/cement-plants-noneu.csv", +] +SPDX-FileCopyrightText = "United States Geological Survey (USGS)" +SPDX-License-Identifier = "CC-BY-4.0" + +[[annotations]] +path = [ + "data/biomass_transport_costs_supplychain1.csv", + "data/biomass_transport_costs_supplychain2.csv", +] +SPDX-FileCopyrightText = "European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC)" +SPDX-License-Identifier = "CC-BY-4.0" + +[[annotations]] +path = [ + "data/egs_costs.json", +] +SPDX-FileCopyrightText = "Arman Aghahosseini and Christian Breyer" +SPDX-License-Identifier = "CC-BY-4.0" + +[[annotations]] +path = [ + "data/ch_cantons.csv", +] +SPDX-FileCopyrightText = "Wikipedia contributors" +SPDX-License-Identifier = "CC-BY-SA-4.0" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Snakefile b/Snakefile index 8694f1c1e..f841e7e8b 100644 --- a/Snakefile +++ b/Snakefile @@ -12,10 +12,10 @@ from snakemake.utils import min_version min_version("8.11") from scripts._helpers import ( - path_provider, - get_scenarios, get_rdir, + get_scenarios, get_shadow, + path_provider, ) @@ -38,8 +38,6 @@ logs = path_provider("logs/", RDIR, shared_resources, exclude_from_shared) benchmarks = path_provider("benchmarks/", RDIR, shared_resources, exclude_from_shared) resources = path_provider("resources/", RDIR, shared_resources, exclude_from_shared) -cutout_dir = config["atlite"]["cutout_directory"] -CDIR = Path(cutout_dir).joinpath("" if run["shared_cutouts"] else RDIR) RESULTS = "results/" + RDIR @@ -55,6 +53,12 @@ wildcard_constraints: include: "rules/common.smk" + + +# Data constants +OSM_DATASET = dataset_version("osm") + + include: "rules/collect.smk" include: "rules/retrieve.smk" include: "rules/build_electricity.smk" @@ -90,14 +94,20 @@ rule all: ), expand( RESULTS - + "maps/base_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}-costs-all_{planning_horizons}.pdf", + + "maps/static/base_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}-costs-all_{planning_horizons}.pdf", + run=config["run"]["name"], + **config["scenario"], + ), + # COP profiles plots + expand( + RESULTS + "graphs/cop_profiles_s_{clusters}_{planning_horizons}.html", run=config["run"]["name"], **config["scenario"], ), lambda w: expand( ( RESULTS - + "maps/base_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}-h2_network_{planning_horizons}.pdf" + + "maps/static/base_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}-h2_network_{planning_horizons}.pdf" if config_provider("sector", "H2_network")(w) else [] ), @@ -107,7 +117,7 @@ rule all: lambda w: expand( ( RESULTS - + "maps/base_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}-ch4_network_{planning_horizons}.pdf" + + "maps/static/base_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}-ch4_network_{planning_horizons}.pdf" if config_provider("sector", "gas_network")(w) else [] ), @@ -122,14 +132,67 @@ rule all: ), run=config["run"]["name"], ), + expand( + RESULTS + + "graphics/balance_timeseries/s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}", + run=config["run"]["name"], + **config["scenario"], + ), + expand( + RESULTS + + "graphics/heatmap_timeseries/s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}", + run=config["run"]["name"], + **config["scenario"], + ), + # Explicitly list heat source types for temperature maps lambda w: expand( ( RESULTS - + "maps/base_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}-balance_map_{carrier}.pdf" + + "maps/static/base_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}-heat_source_temperature_map_river_water.html" + if config_provider("plotting", "enable_heat_source_maps")(w) + and "river_water" + in config_provider("sector", "heat_pump_sources", "urban central")(w) + else [] + ), + **config["scenario"], + run=config["run"]["name"], + ), + lambda w: expand( + ( + RESULTS + + "maps/static/base_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}-heat_source_temperature_map_sea_water.html" + if config_provider("plotting", "enable_heat_source_maps")(w) + and "sea_water" + in config_provider("sector", "heat_pump_sources", "urban central")(w) + else [] + ), + **config["scenario"], + run=config["run"]["name"], + ), + lambda w: expand( + ( + RESULTS + + "maps/static/base_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}-heat_source_temperature_map_ambient_air.html" + if config_provider("plotting", "enable_heat_source_maps")(w) + and "air" + in config_provider("sector", "heat_pump_sources", "urban central")(w) + else [] + ), + **config["scenario"], + run=config["run"]["name"], + ), + # Only river_water has energy maps + lambda w: expand( + ( + RESULTS + + "maps/static/base_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}-heat_source_energy_map_river_water.html" + if config_provider("plotting", "enable_heat_source_maps")(w) + and "river_water" + in config_provider("sector", "heat_pump_sources", "urban central")(w) + else [] ), **config["scenario"], run=config["run"]["name"], - carrier=config_provider("plotting", "balance_map", "bus_carriers")(w), ), expand( RESULTS @@ -143,14 +206,20 @@ rule all: run=config["run"]["name"], **config["scenario"], ), + expand( + RESULTS + + "graphics/interactive_bus_balance/s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}", + run=config["run"]["name"], + **config["scenario"], + ), + lambda w: balance_map_paths("static", w), + lambda w: balance_map_paths("interactive", w), default_target: True rule create_scenarios: output: config["run"]["scenarios"]["file"], - conda: - "envs/environment.yaml" script: "config/create_scenarios.py" @@ -160,13 +229,25 @@ rule purge: import builtins do_purge = builtins.input( - "Do you really want to delete all generated resources, \nresults and docs (downloads are kept)? [y/N] " + "Do you really want to delete all generated files?\n" + "\t* resources\n" + "\t* results\n" + "\t* docs\n" + "Downloaded files are kept.\n" + "Delete all files in the folders above? [y/N] " ) if do_purge == "y": - rmtree("resources/", ignore_errors=True) - rmtree("results/", ignore_errors=True) + + # Remove the directories and recreate them with .gitkeep + for dir_path in ["resources/", "results/"]: + rmtree(dir_path, ignore_errors=True) + Path(dir_path).mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True) + (Path(dir_path) / ".gitkeep").touch() + rmtree("doc/_build", ignore_errors=True) - print("Purging generated resources, results and docs. Downloads are kept.") + print( + "Purging all generated resources, results and docs. Downloads are kept." + ) else: raise Exception(f"Input {do_purge}. Aborting purge.") @@ -193,8 +274,6 @@ rule rulegraph: pdf=resources("dag_rulegraph.pdf"), png=resources("dag_rulegraph.png"), svg=resources("dag_rulegraph.svg"), - conda: - "envs/environment.yaml" shell: r""" # Generate DOT file using nested snakemake with the dumped final config @@ -203,15 +282,17 @@ rule rulegraph: # Generate visualizations from the DOT file if [ -s {output.dot} ]; then + dot -c + echo "[Rule rulegraph] Generating PDF from DOT" dot -Tpdf -o {output.pdf} {output.dot} || {{ echo "Error: Failed to generate PDF. Is graphviz installed?" >&2; exit 1; }} - + echo "[Rule rulegraph] Generating PNG from DOT" dot -Tpng -o {output.png} {output.dot} || {{ echo "Error: Failed to generate PNG. Is graphviz installed?" >&2; exit 1; }} - + echo "[Rule rulegraph] Generating SVG from DOT" dot -Tsvg -o {output.svg} {output.dot} || {{ echo "Error: Failed to generate SVG. Is graphviz installed?" >&2; exit 1; }} - + echo "[Rule rulegraph] Successfully generated all formats." else echo "[Rule rulegraph] Error: Failed to generate valid DOT content." >&2 @@ -231,8 +312,6 @@ rule filegraph: pdf=resources("dag_filegraph.pdf"), png=resources("dag_filegraph.png"), svg=resources("dag_filegraph.svg"), - conda: - "envs/environment.yaml" shell: r""" # Generate DOT file using nested snakemake with the dumped final config @@ -243,13 +322,13 @@ rule filegraph: if [ -s {output.dot} ]; then echo "[Rule filegraph] Generating PDF from DOT" dot -Tpdf -o {output.pdf} {output.dot} || {{ echo "Error: Failed to generate PDF. Is graphviz installed?" >&2; exit 1; }} - + echo "[Rule filegraph] Generating PNG from DOT" dot -Tpng -o {output.png} {output.dot} || {{ echo "Error: Failed to generate PNG. Is graphviz installed?" >&2; exit 1; }} - + echo "[Rule filegraph] Generating SVG from DOT" dot -Tsvg -o {output.svg} {output.dot} || {{ echo "Error: Failed to generate SVG. Is graphviz installed?" >&2; exit 1; }} - + echo "[Rule filegraph] Successfully generated all formats." else echo "[Rule filegraph] Error: Failed to generate valid DOT content." >&2 @@ -264,7 +343,7 @@ rule doc: output: directory("doc/_build"), shell: - "make -C doc html" + "pixi run build-docs {output} html" rule sync: @@ -302,58 +381,46 @@ rule clean: print("Data downloaded to data/ has not been cleaned.") -rule modify_cost_data: - params: - file_path="ariadne-data/costs/", - file_name="costs_{planning_horizons}.csv", - cost_horizon=config_provider("costs", "horizon"), - NEP=config_provider("costs", "NEP"), - planning_horizons=config_provider("scenario", "planning_horizons"), - co2_price_add_on_fossils=config_provider("co2_price_add_on_fossils"), - input: - modifications=lambda w: ( - "ariadne-data/costs_2019-modifications.csv" - if w.planning_horizons == "2020" - and config_provider("energy", "energy_totals_year") == 2019 - else "ariadne-data/costs_{planning_horizons}-modifications.csv" - ), - output: - resources("costs_{planning_horizons}.csv"), - resources: - mem_mb=1000, - log: - logs("modify_cost_data_{planning_horizons}.log"), - script: - "scripts/pypsa-de/modify_cost_data.py" - - -if config["pypsa-de"]["retrieve_ariadne_database"]: +if (ARIADNE_DATABASE := dataset_version("ariadne_database"))["source"] in ["primary"]: rule retrieve_ariadne_database: + params: + source="primary", output: data="data/ariadne_database.csv", log: - "logs/retrieve_ariadne_database.log", + "logs/retrieve_ariadne_database_primary.log", resources: mem_mb=1000, script: "scripts/pypsa-de/retrieve_ariadne_database.py" -def get_ariadne_database(w): - if config["pypsa-de"]["retrieve_ariadne_database"]: - return "data/ariadne_database.csv" - else: - return "ariadne-data/ariadne_database.csv" +if (ARIADNE_DATABASE := dataset_version("ariadne_database"))["source"] in ["archive"]: + + rule retrieve_ariadne_database: + params: + source="archive", + input: + raw_xlsx=storage(ARIADNE_DATABASE["url"]), + output: + data="data/ariadne_database.csv", + log: + "logs/retrieve_ariadne_database_archive.log", + resources: + mem_mb=1000, + script: + "scripts/pypsa-de/retrieve_ariadne_database.py" -if config["enable"]["retrieve"]: +if (ARIADNE_TEMPLATE := dataset_version("ariadne_template"))["source"] in [ + "primary", +]: rule retrieve_ariadne_template: input: storage( "https://github.com/iiasa/ariadne-intern-workflow/raw/main/attachments/2025-01-27_template_Ariadne.xlsx", - keep_local=True, ), output: "data/template_ariadne_database.xlsx", @@ -361,14 +428,11 @@ if config["enable"]["retrieve"]: move(input[0], output[0]) -if config["enable"]["retrieve"]: +if (OPEN_MASTR := dataset_version("open_mastr"))["source"] in ["primary"]: - rule retrieve_mastr: + rule retrieve_open_mastr: input: - storage( - "https://zenodo.org/records/8225106/files/bnetza_open_mastr_2023-08-08_B.zip", - keep_local=True, - ), + storage(OPEN_MASTR["url"]), params: "data/mastr", output: @@ -378,23 +442,22 @@ if config["enable"]["retrieve"]: unpack_archive(input[0], params[0]) -if config["enable"]["retrieve"]: +if (EGON := dataset_version("egon"))["source"] in ["primary"]: rule retrieve_egon_data: + input: + spatial=storage( + f"{EGON['url']}?id_spatial=5&year=2018", + ), + mapping=storage( + f"{EGON['url']}_description?id_spatial=5", + ), output: spatial="data/egon/demandregio_spatial_2018.json", mapping="data/egon/mapping_technologies.json", - shell: - """ - mkdir -p data/egon - curl -o {output.spatial} "https://api.opendata.ffe.de/demandregio/demandregio_spatial?id_spatial=5&year=2018" - curl -o {output.mapping} "https://api.opendata.ffe.de/demandregio/demandregio_spatial_description?id_spatial=5" - """ - - -if config["enable"]["retrieve"] and config["enable"].get("retrieve_cost_data", True): - - ruleorder: modify_cost_data > retrieve_cost_data + run: + move(input.spatial, output.spatial) + move(input.mapping, output.mapping) rule build_exogenous_mobility_data: @@ -408,7 +471,7 @@ rule build_exogenous_mobility_data: aviation_demand_factor=config_provider("sector", "aviation_demand_factor"), energy_totals_year=config_provider("energy", "energy_totals_year"), input: - ariadne=get_ariadne_database, + ariadne="data/ariadne_database.csv", energy_totals=resources("energy_totals.csv"), output: mobility_data=resources( @@ -448,7 +511,7 @@ rule prepare_district_heating_subnodes: regions_onshore=resources("regions_onshore_base_s_{clusters}.geojson"), fernwaermeatlas="data/fernwaermeatlas/fernwaermeatlas.xlsx", cities="data/fernwaermeatlas/cities_geolocations.geojson", - lau_regions="data/lau_regions.zip", + lau_regions=rules.retrieve_lau_regions.output["zip"], census=storage( "https://www.destatis.de/static/DE/zensus/gitterdaten/Zensus2022_Heizungsart.zip", keep_local=True, @@ -514,7 +577,7 @@ rule add_district_heating_subnodes: existing_heating_distribution=lambda w: resources( f"existing_heating_distribution_base_s_{{clusters}}_{baseyear_value(w)}.csv" ), - lau_regions="data/lau_regions.zip", + lau_regions=rules.retrieve_lau_regions.output["zip"], output: network=resources( "networks/base-extended_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}.nc" @@ -563,8 +626,6 @@ rule modify_prenetwork: params: efuel_export_ban=config_provider("solving", "constraints", "efuel_export_ban"), enable_kernnetz=config_provider("wasserstoff_kernnetz", "enable"), - costs=config_provider("costs"), - max_hours=config_provider("electricity", "max_hours"), technology_occurrence=config_provider("first_technology_occurrence"), fossil_boiler_ban=config_provider("new_decentral_fossil_boiler_ban"), coal_ban=config_provider("coal_generation_ban"), @@ -594,7 +655,6 @@ rule modify_prenetwork: bev_energy=config_provider("sector", "bev_energy"), bev_dsm_availability=config_provider("sector", "bev_dsm_availability"), input: - costs_modifications="ariadne-data/costs_{planning_horizons}-modifications.csv", network=resources( "networks/base_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}_brownfield.nc" ), @@ -603,7 +663,9 @@ rule modify_prenetwork: if config_provider("wasserstoff_kernnetz", "enable")(w) else [] ), - costs=resources("costs_{planning_horizons}.csv"), + costs=lambda w: resources( + f"costs_{config_provider("scenario", "planning_horizons",0)(w)}_processed.csv" + ), modified_mobility_data=resources( "modified_mobility_data_{clusters}_{planning_horizons}.csv" ), @@ -619,7 +681,7 @@ rule modify_prenetwork: shipping_demand=resources("shipping_demand_s_{clusters}.csv"), regions_onshore=resources("regions_onshore_base_s_{clusters}.geojson"), regions_offshore=resources("regions_offshore_base_s_{clusters}.geojson"), - offshore_connection_points="ariadne-data/offshore_connection_points.csv", + offshore_connection_points="data/pypsa-de/offshore_connection_points.csv", output: network=resources( "networks/base_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}_final.nc" @@ -638,7 +700,7 @@ ruleorder: modify_industry_demand > build_industrial_production_per_country_tomo rule modify_existing_heating: input: - ariadne=get_ariadne_database, + ariadne="data/ariadne_database.csv", existing_heating="data/existing_infrastructure/existing_heating_raw.csv", output: existing_heating=resources("existing_heating.csv"), @@ -682,7 +744,7 @@ rule modify_industry_demand: params: reference_scenario=config_provider("pypsa-de", "reference_scenario"), input: - ariadne=get_ariadne_database, + ariadne="data/ariadne_database.csv", industrial_production_per_country_tomorrow=resources( "industrial_production_per_country_tomorrow_{planning_horizons}.csv" ), @@ -718,7 +780,7 @@ rule build_wasserstoff_kernnetz: "https://geodata.ucdavis.edu/gadm/gadm4.1/json/gadm41_DEU_1.json.zip", keep_local=True, ), - locations="ariadne-data/wasserstoff_kernnetz/locations_wasserstoff_kernnetz.csv", + locations="data/pypsa-de/wasserstoff_kernnetz/locations_wasserstoff_kernnetz.csv", regions_onshore=resources("regions_onshore_base_s.geojson"), regions_offshore=resources("regions_offshore_base_s.geojson"), output: @@ -748,14 +810,11 @@ rule export_ariadne_variables: params: planning_horizons=config_provider("scenario", "planning_horizons"), hours=config_provider("clustering", "temporal", "resolution_sector"), - max_hours=config_provider("electricity", "max_hours"), - costs=config_provider("costs"), config_industry=config_provider("industry"), energy_totals_year=config_provider("energy", "energy_totals_year"), - co2_price_add_on_fossils=config_provider("co2_price_add_on_fossils"), co2_sequestration_cost=config_provider("sector", "co2_sequestration_cost"), post_discretization=config_provider("solving", "options", "post_discretization"), - NEP_year=config_provider("costs", "NEP"), + NEP_year=lambda w: config_provider("costs", "custom_cost_fn")(w)[-8:-4], NEP_transmission=config_provider("costs", "transmission"), input: template="data/template_ariadne_database.xlsx", @@ -773,7 +832,7 @@ rule export_ariadne_variables: allow_missing=True, ), costs=expand( - resources("costs_{planning_horizons}.csv"), + resources("costs_{planning_horizons}_processed.csv"), **config["scenario"], allow_missing=True, ), @@ -807,7 +866,7 @@ rule plot_ariadne_variables: reference_scenario=config_provider("pypsa-de", "reference_scenario"), input: exported_variables_full=RESULTS + "ariadne/exported_variables_full.xlsx", - ariadne_database=get_ariadne_database, + ariadne_database="data/ariadne_database.csv", output: primary_energy=RESULTS + "ariadne/primary_energy.png", primary_energy_detailed=RESULTS + "ariadne/primary_energy_detailed.png", @@ -874,7 +933,7 @@ rule build_scenarios: scenarios=config["run"]["name"], leitmodelle=config["pypsa-de"]["leitmodelle"], input: - ariadne_database=get_ariadne_database, + ariadne_database="data/ariadne_database.csv", scenario_yaml=config["run"]["scenarios"]["manual_file"], output: scenario_yaml=config["run"]["scenarios"]["file"], @@ -916,10 +975,8 @@ rule plot_ariadne_report: plotting=config_provider("plotting"), run=config_provider("run", "name"), foresight=config_provider("foresight"), - costs=config_provider("costs"), - max_hours=config_provider("electricity", "max_hours"), post_discretization=config_provider("solving", "options", "post_discretization"), - NEP_year=config_provider("costs", "NEP"), + NEP_year=lambda w: config_provider("costs", "custom_cost_fn")(w)[-8:-4], hours=config_provider("clustering", "temporal", "resolution_sector"), NEP_transmission=config_provider("costs", "transmission"), input: @@ -936,7 +993,7 @@ rule plot_ariadne_report: ), rc="matplotlibrc", costs=expand( - resources("costs_{planning_horizons}.csv"), + resources("costs_{planning_horizons}_processed.csv"), **config["scenario"], allow_missing=True, ), diff --git a/ariadne-data/ariadne_database.csv b/ariadne-data/ariadne_database.csv deleted file mode 100644 index 4f1fa42a0..000000000 --- a/ariadne-data/ariadne_database.csv +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12923 +0,0 @@ -model,scenario,region,variable,unit,2025,2030,2035,2040,2045,2050 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV,billion EUR2020/yr,87.2833908076765,95.5782937956072,100.239822349731,102.877838733102,101.930151337328,102.60302282769 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Energy Demand|Transportation|Rail and Bus,billion EUR2020/yr,5.65248618165543,6.57509840454389,7.38443737728513,7.54171150844222,7.49899444701853,7.30512037633395 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck,billion EUR2020/yr,26.5243007713004,33.6377598170561,37.6391678249708,39.7793096341209,40.0676731134686,41.8324406902406 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Infrastructure|Transportation|Charge and Fuel|LDV and Truck,billion EUR2020/yr,0.521949307353185,2.09595891892602,4.34368165489411,6.41691553251642,7.48058520683903,7.96459403615003 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Infrastructure|Transportation|Charge and Fuel|Rail and Bus,billion EUR2020/yr,0.250077575488863,0.361142627013753,0.456716087783075,0.5177501621829921,0.5781534589989851,0.605140201114444 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Transportation,billion EUR2020/yr,120.2322046434744,138.248253563147,150.0638252946641,157.1335255703645,157.5555575636532,160.310318131529 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers,Mt CO2/yr,43.7631287963457,44.7759401134497,39.0989869310399,33.0026071781125,25.6428364536687,13.3659321434633 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers|Aviation,Mt CO2/yr,31.5537018256454,32.6797885617942,28.5602880813072,24.2483705522989,18.5852763477174,9.49458996 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers|Navigation,Mt CO2/yr,12.2094269707003,12.0961515516554,10.5386988497327,8.75423662581364,7.05756010595128,3.87134218346335 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation,Mt CO2/yr,128.980805733932,89.5544432731005,42.6533024172335,13.8070203014359,4.13146618470533,1.35767676600845 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|Bus,Mt CO2/yr,2.19556460468517,1.44633689352337,0.8793578786990831,0.420835755180489,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|Domestic Aviation,Mt CO2/yr,2.39116877346544,2.36524404548571,2.0083750439434,1.66041989124553,1.22471969199484,0.597920933358115 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|Domestic Navigation,Mt CO2/yr,1.06235822033162,1.05506812958399,0.86657914476,0.690118087428,0.554109331545,0.2969928234 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|LDV,Mt CO2/yr,80.5772765707225,53.7673498011095,24.8236755137007,7.40874429915536,1.64039879681933,0.207031210325843 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|Rail,Mt CO2/yr,0.652430148039102,0.5191665701952091,0.312244163979863,0.11838532397866,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|Truck,Mt CO2/yr,42.1020074166891,30.4012778332026,13.7630706721504,3.50851694444785,0.7122383643461591,0.255731798924497 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Freight|Domestic Navigation,bn tkm/yr,60.99755859375,57.6135559082031,54.3339538574218,55.1917572021484,55.9625701904296,55.7999687194824 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Freight|Rail,bn tkm/yr,193.670593261718,187.919570922851,187.069641113281,197.547241210937,209.824111938476,215.365463256835 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Freight|Road,bn tkm/yr,498.725801467895,549.733567237854,575.320399284362,588.427669525146,599.998352050781,613.441877365112 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Bicycling and Walking,bn pkm/yr,71.64042578125,82.50684765625,85.52164453125,87.440630859375,89.475693359375,92.396669921875 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Rail,bn pkm/yr,147.668565387255,169.024003322564,174.137825267132,166.904516314022,160.116162679542,157.296361656814 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Road|Bus,bn pkm/yr,40.348840862744,45.5049029274357,48.9566512953677,47.9848664984775,45.6249154454575,44.0456852181852 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Road|LDV,bn pkm/yr,954.209020233154,943.464357971191,928.143854614257,929.673922729492,933.61475402832,937.383439697265 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers,TWh/yr,168.61975,179.6079,182.984585075265,185.5093641338511,171.3300720914989,158.62298 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation,TWh/yr,121.9304166666667,131.4557142857142,134.0354923966936,136.6716193719461,124.5224622700705,113.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids,TWh/yr,121.9304166666667,131.4557142857142,134.0354923966936,136.6716193719461,124.5224622700705,113.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,2.410793078961667,6.572785714285694,20.10532385950405,32.80118864926694,37.35673868102111,39.55 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,1.314557142857142,6.701774619834667,13.66716193719464,18.67836934051056,39.55 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,119.519623587705,123.5683714285714,107.228393917355,90.20326878548444,68.48735424853861,33.9 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Liquids,TWh/yr,168.61975,179.6079,182.984585075265,185.5093641338511,171.3300720914989,158.62298 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,3.333928788151,8.980395,27.44768776128975,44.52224739212417,51.39902162744973,55.518043 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,1.796079,9.14922925376325,18.55093641338511,25.69951081372486,55.518043 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,165.2858212118489,168.831426,146.3876680602119,122.4361803283417,94.23153965032444,47.586894 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Liquids|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation,TWh/yr,46.68933333333334,48.15218571428555,48.94909267857139,48.83774476190472,46.80760982142834,45.62298 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Gases,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids,TWh/yr,46.68933333333334,48.15218571428555,48.94909267857139,48.83774476190472,46.80760982142834,45.62298 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.9231357091893333,2.407609285714286,7.342363901785695,11.72105874285714,14.04228294642856,15.968043 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.4815218571428556,2.44745463392857,4.883774476190473,7.021141473214278,15.968043 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,45.76619762414389,45.26305457142833,39.15927414285694,32.23291154285695,25.7441854017857,13.686894 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation,TWh/yr,551.8523352952694,452.9610314969138,335.4895329583222,254.7663020410594,219.2915810686567,211.2889721787197 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus,TWh/yr,10.25804062499997,8.8407,7.494802989130416,6.281203804347806,4.471691304347805,3.948833333333333 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Electricity,TWh/yr,1.465434375,2.946899999999972,3.406728631422916,3.768722282608695,4.471691304347805,3.948833333333333 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Gases,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Liquids,TWh/yr,8.792606249999972,5.893799999999971,4.0880743577075,2.512481521739128,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.5847083156249971,0.4302473999999972,0.4006312870553333,0.4547591554347805,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.05893799999999972,0.40880743577075,0.502496304347825,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,8.207897934374971,5.404614599999999,3.278635634881417,1.555226061956519,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Liquids|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation,TWh/yr,9.239999999999974,9.514285714285693,9.425448971867084,9.358660817413277,8.205695131166,7.116164653146 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Gases,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Liquids,TWh/yr,9.239999999999974,9.514285714285693,9.425448971867084,9.358660817413277,8.205695131166,7.116164653146 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.18269213424,0.4757142857142833,1.413817345780064,2.246078596179186,2.461708539349803,2.490657628601102 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.09514285714285695,0.4712724485933528,0.9358660817413278,1.2308542696749,2.490657628601102 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,9.057307865759999,8.943428571428557,7.540359177493666,6.17671613949275,4.513132322141305,2.134849395943803 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Liquids|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation,TWh/yr,4.0625,4.199999999999999,4.025,3.85,3.675,3.5 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Gases,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Liquids,TWh/yr,4.0625,4.199999999999999,4.025,3.85,3.675,3.5 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.08032324625000001,0.21,0.60375,0.9239999999999999,1.1025,1.225 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.042,0.20125,0.385,0.55125,1.225 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,3.98217675375,3.948,3.22,2.541,2.02125,1.05 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Liquids|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Electricity,TWh/yr,31.34943060105778,76.99471031557361,130.613555606992,172.7242732253164,191.973183469533,197.3249386801794 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases,TWh/yr,18.13351615622719,35.06014534914028,24.63164282857261,7.682002964605694,1.482173133129217,0.2429893214626078 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,2.720027423434081,5.259021802371028,3.694746424285889,1.152300444690856,0.2223259699693828,0.03644839821939111 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,15.41348873279311,29.80112354676917,20.93689640428672,6.529702519914861,1.259847163159833,0.2065409232432167 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0005235875965841667,0.02613291456099722,0.1792354354348161,0.044399553635635,0.008907651972142222 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV,TWh/yr,341.3782056801695,270.28650320151,194.26688730339,137.480053996,110.499479903,103.265076436 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Electricity,TWh/yr,17.715905996,48.012746218,76.235154507,92.888946268,99.663190143,101.72015711 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Gases,TWh/yr,6.922359255999999,8.337561294,5.810612349,2.984821437,0.913175892,0.142594819 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Liquids,TWh/yr,316.7399404281695,213.93619568951,112.22112044739,41.606286291,9.923113868,1.402324507 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,21.0632060384733,15.61734228533422,10.99766980384422,7.530737818671,1.796083610108,0.253820735767 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,2.1393619568951,11.222112044739,8.3212572582,2.480778467,0.4206973521 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,295.6767343896944,196.1794914472806,90.00133859880667,25.754291214129,5.646251790891972,0.727806419133 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Liquids|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids,TWh/yr,502.3693885379834,340.9056522446055,180.2182016081964,74.18079041570222,25.79182491235872,13.7121365251055 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,32.78596346826583,24.57068404242764,18.36080710414036,14.20603405346953,6.082123029745667,4.27602853742575 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,3.409056522446056,17.34929771222631,13.51529200139917,5.259886714973056,4.644449190188944 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,469.5834250697166,312.9259116797306,144.5080967918297,46.45946436083361,14.44981516763994,4.791658797490778 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail,TWh/yr,13.38745268336725,13.8546376267718,13.80074367921089,13.142014800438,12.40599842419083,12.10397830065997 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Electricity,TWh/yr,10.77465714772431,11.73904205210422,12.34914201505303,12.43522851795133,12.40599842419083,12.10397830065997 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Freight,TWh/yr,4.476142334288361,4.023568892110139,3.79340321281425,3.776377290851083,3.778244098868305,3.749667676367111 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Gases,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Liquids,TWh/yr,2.612795535642919,2.115595574667589,1.451601664157842,0.7067862824866611,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.1737509031202542,0.1544384769507339,0.1422569630874684,0.1279283171300855,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.02115595574667583,0.1451601664157842,0.1413572564973322,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,2.439044632522666,1.940001141970178,1.164184534654589,0.4375007088592416,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Liquids|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Passenger,TWh/yr,8.91131034907886,9.83106873466164,10.00734046639661,9.365637509586888,8.627754325322528,8.35431062429286 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck,TWh/yr,173.5261363067322,146.2649049543486,106.4766500147236,84.65436862286028,80.03371630595194,81.35491945558029 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Electricity,TWh/yr,1.393433082333555,14.29602204546947,38.62253045351583,63.63137615675639,75.43230359799443,79.55196993618611 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Gases,TWh/yr,11.21115690022719,26.7225840551403,18.82103047957261,4.697181527605694,0.5689972411292167,0.1003945024626078 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0005235875965841667,0.02613291456099722,0.1792354354348161,0.044399553635635,0.008907651972142222 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Liquids,TWh/yr,160.9215463241717,105.2457752661422,49.00695616707389,16.14657550306336,3.988015913192694,1.693647364959494 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,10.70128283055742,7.682941594428389,4.80268170437325,2.922530166054472,0.7218308802878778,0.3065501730576666 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,1.052457752661422,4.900695616707388,3.229315100612667,0.9970039782981749,0.5080942094878472 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,150.2202634936142,96.5103759190525,39.30357884599333,9.994730236396222,2.26918105460665,0.8790029824139778 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Liquids|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation,billion EUR2020/yr,96.4822970913446,110.7129031670133,109.0345145222342,108.7975607078417,110.2288609681995,111.924048902064 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Bus,billion EUR2020/yr,1.869940554888035,2.173765213582957,1.810336728342519,1.809984554916962,2.076291015291662,1.318643915697138 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Bus|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,1.499272237003482,2.082339532290302,1.748415867441054,1.801312381551759,2.076291015291662,1.318643915697138 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Bus|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Bus|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,0.3706683178845461,0.09142568129264708,0.0619208609014574,0.00867217336520172,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Domestic Aviation,billion EUR2020/yr,0.3784564403512521,0.3791328216360797,0.3278905430583451,0.2928217623920772,0.1116657449813948,0.06266720111824524 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Domestic Navigation,billion EUR2020/yr,0.2085885761589401,0.2021316225165559,0.1267591059602645,0.1086506622516551,0.1014072847682119,0.09503311258278128 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,0.2085885761589401,0.2021316225165559,0.1267591059602645,0.1086506622516551,0.1014072847682119,0.09503311258278128 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV,billion EUR2020/yr,67.88510516416302,74.28790611603988,71.7829862447289,71.92928374864641,72.72211597886984,73.73619725590952 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,4.905002206114214,9.504492854410122,8.344935623803412,5.976831334705792,3.247802125931536,0.6305593682498218 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,18.08369352728558,46.51714119943136,57.15489095509224,64.71734262790153,70.44353109862908,72.29808385186975 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,3.943741708918168,7.655067299582406,6.953471289623169,5.400575251330364,3.093487233763152,0.5507640002731294 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|FCEV|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,43.61640165025112,13.33049522104453,1.441411443819888,0.151658413658132,0.065667138365402,0.019452480416476 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|PHEV,billion EUR2020/yr,6.185009986626244,14.44026969556392,13.1866838458167,7.060282707086752,2.212917741875362,1.418660923623254 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|PHEV|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,0.9612604971960461,1.849425554827714,1.391464334180242,0.5762560833754279,0.1543148921683838,0.0797953679766932 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Rail,billion EUR2020/yr,2.627904084886922,3.149341261007337,2.809140944626828,2.189645641891511,1.914379521997088,1.67473518929536 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Rail|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,2.601379717154597,3.139136286205332,2.80765225930674,2.189645641891511,1.914379521997088,1.67473518929536 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Rail|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Rail|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0265243677323226,0.01020497480201028,0.00148868532008856,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck,billion EUR2020/yr,25.82175031969418,29.86674241487236,31.92822927014744,32.34952830960874,33.10392773492016,35.08437104364188 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,1.687482814248626,3.175288622142952,3.278366620181464,2.038962711296034,-0.03551131835656361,-2.228064365068702 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,9.031840079457115,22.49074689798244,29.2342616408223,31.5892512731117,32.21934974236138,33.8462602372371 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|BEV|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,1.409802066929934,3.013671627089562,3.15388476096704,1.994805493846826,-0.1752588456180408,-2.419765929354992 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.000550346310328664,0.0161325542329752,0.0044718671901692,0.001352739247957,0.000900012063399357 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|FCEV|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0001236288909775408,0.001116366380497676,8.861273742977645e-05,-8.071641316404225e-05,-0.000164009368352129 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,15.24405287270538,6.305924479021354,1.579306091220694,0.192594566673774,0.0351714723591034,0.018605635631406 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0045720655358748,0.0112583881798474,0.0110245619952948,0.0431662029530746,0.5809560135599237,0.997179925430748 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0021733319890324,0.0041316302580552,0.0035547069078556,0.01163380684198117,0.138325727570166,0.2020794213832134 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0458531223216104,0.3059106421313604,0.9662122835108933,0.4983441931279109,0.2573885341604804,0.2143647480473306 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0113876073211902,0.04614406650226401,0.1013514175169606,0.0289011414567858,0.0001907778122416055,-0.0107435313561816 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|PHEV,billion EUR2020/yr,1.495432179674203,0.7523516612470185,0.1212921383652948,0.0217002065521024,0.00970923323132,0.007060485231942201 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|PHEV|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,0.264119808008468,0.1112176694020922,0.0184593684091102,0.003533656413011,0.001311738292234583,0.0005296836276124374 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation,billion EUR2020/yr,14.78588672450734,17.6342945653096,18.70049787406085,19.26851010097444,20.03805565480891,19.87437273865766 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Bus,billion EUR2020/yr,0.2048243378614491,0.2417626536800566,0.1572097020487495,0.1480132651636012,0.1735873889296465,0.0536606867465168 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Bus|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1993897235979117,0.2417626536800566,0.1572097020487495,0.1480132651636012,0.1735873889296465,0.0536606867465168 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Bus|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Bus|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0054346142635374,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Domestic Aviation,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0001380064253587489,0.000138840457260592,0.0001233733790996444,0.000112333411404948,5.534910846409016e-05,3.809212058609792e-05 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Domestic Navigation,billion EUR2020/yr,0.00212449411331804,0.00210379874908012,0.00159814201618828,0.00144867549668812,0.00136819352465,0.00129736938925656 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,0.00212449411331804,0.00210379874908012,0.00159814201618828,0.00144867549668812,0.00136819352465,0.00129736938925656 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.9021422611218552,2.731669239284758,4.131093085371412,5.016554308359634,5.71963889635071,5.937215885423692 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.9021422611218552,2.731669239284758,4.131093085371412,5.016554308359634,5.71963889635071,5.937215885423692 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Private,billion EUR2020/yr,0.3207767870444562,0.9493209257223396,1.73866001562704,2.359540979910496,2.516566369937594,2.48688977746569 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Public,billion EUR2020/yr,0.4148870667434622,0.9304540081010074,0.9113893161213561,0.7037952541832955,0.8020206493351253,0.6560393651541426 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Work,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1664784073339372,0.8518943054614144,1.48104375362301,1.95321807426584,2.401051877077984,2.794286742803856 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Rail,billion EUR2020/yr,5.474448343723784,5.550770040404258,5.469028492708782,5.344423661440276,5.264179618346165,5.186102753337002 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Rail|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Rail|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1475599652485505,0.229952160727194,0.1928044817758639,0.1184052690500645,0.08787941502090105,0.05319460179904449 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Rail|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Rail|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,5.480704666302719e-05,6.558463299428019e-05,9.88794677549669e-06,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Rail|Railtracks,billion EUR2020/yr,5.32683357142857,5.320732906720022,5.27617555301809,5.225980189360972,5.176262363743924,5.132889332922928 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Rail|Railtracks|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Road,billion EUR2020/yr,8.01845199999999,8.020660619547886,8.036872940889985,8.055334504227257,8.073838475765251,8.090155969591175 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Road|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Truck,billion EUR2020/yr,0.185233189120372,0.9128070842722978,0.9563412251754443,0.7943695232314356,0.6497546804654575,0.5689797548046495 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Truck|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.084106429080372,0.4260609533042989,0.5563412223994441,0.3942321245594354,0.4086324840734574,0.5620719961006496 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Truck|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.006818,0.032602,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0943087600399996,0.4541441309679998,0.4000000027759996,0.4001373986719996,0.2411221963919994,0.006907758703999201 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Transportation|Energiewende,billion EUR2020/yr,8.034562081300407,16.79830022668076,17.06252071166646,14.09473562374389,9.84461257055614,5.016900212079894 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation,billion EUR2020/yr,44.7062144444385,41.1916363284022,35.0976686000982,30.3194044376641,28.169662391621,27.793121046493 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Bus,billion EUR2020/yr,0.336972849439601,0.451152380799538,0.543095793601663,0.544788335197089,0.53318458307132,0.5078643674851191 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Domestic Aviation,billion EUR2020/yr,0.194486254015849,0.201476633112015,0.204425541252822,0.204756642305784,0.191093509344743,0.166410729966141 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Domestic Navigation,billion EUR2020/yr,0.132367549668874,0.137655215231788,0.137013658940397,0.13202607615894,0.126314155629139,0.119877897350993 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Energy,billion EUR2020/yr,101.541499372856,107.936780130194,80.2660869566726,51.1230450365817,39.6390049867099,37.00821968569 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Energy|Diesel,billion EUR2020/yr,70.9210501541841,63.745188583088,34.3369867499194,11.210000535495,2.43053641074428,0.6329679757344151 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Energy|Electricity,billion EUR2020/yr,5.21385050726774,15.510470917645,25.8085624682399,32.2018814936112,35.3943019902545,36.1080460624783 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Energy|Methane,billion EUR2020/yr,2.3587151354733,5.6874668029343,4.9032426508421,1.51880931675493,0.276815438664691,0.045404336293554 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Energy|Other Non-Fossil,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.000204217174081233,0.008886612581291,0.051991611392493,0.010924261534547,0.00213867735566 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Energy|Petrol,billion EUR2020/yr,23.0478835759317,22.9934496093534,15.2084084750898,6.14036207932807,1.52642688551185,0.21966263382808 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV,billion EUR2020/yr,30.2055476731149,28.0530534549211,24.8143529711033,21.5888948728649,19.9879120767239,19.7659512412919 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,1.99928419084199,6.570191159889,10.94964172956,14.734452168228,17.187577924887,18.7570661042459 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,26.9280742828269,18.9441714969501,10.2498181515823,3.980268168198,1.008089008581,0.155968572444999 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|PHEV,billion EUR2020/yr,1.278189199446,2.538690798082,3.614893089961,2.874174536439,1.792245143256,0.852916564601 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Non-Energy,billion EUR2020/yr,44.7062144444385,41.1916363284022,35.0976686000982,30.3194044376641,28.169662391621,27.793121046493 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Rail,billion EUR2020/yr,1.21453721483465,1.32087422278047,1.42691786224198,1.47264314638106,1.47753029255204,1.45724584031772 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck,billion EUR2020/yr,12.6223029033645,11.0274244215572,7.97186277295797,6.37629536475631,5.85362777429979,5.77577097008103 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.327315943931297,1.80695304769568,3.55340749898837,4.96244067411659,5.42784074679679,5.47379304760192 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.000106987910863723,0.005236812566111001,0.009898473642512002,0.001817868491175,0.000489271043442659 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,12.0534795737195,8.54268395252211,3.65747269578961,0.79222337324229,0.131280726040249,0.034729193191451 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.000159178618587382,0.000717711132833601,0.001366101217827,0.001096383891124,0.021072590500857,0.083185132875686 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,0.007665940422287001,0.077526410292639,0.435039402286938,0.53578550239647,0.256683019361992,0.178239158251133 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|PHEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.233682266672856,0.599436312003087,0.319340262109104,0.074850957467329,0.014932823108729,0.0053351671174 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation,billion EUR2020/yr,0.16849423962276,0.6446773465196171,1.53152932480093,2.56568303804051,3.40457416184619,3.97619121366755 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|Bus,billion EUR2020/yr,0.037729051850603,0.05767977166339901,0.07218496161316301,0.08182006420613701,0.094962047602134,0.100485456190411 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|Domestic Aviation,billion EUR2020/yr,6.070107803241231e-05,6.292625116013421e-05,6.39555324069792e-05,6.41803000316337e-05,6.00205359100407e-05,5.095963972837391e-05 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|Domestic Navigation,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0009192190949227371,0.000957620493009565,0.0009573905445180269,0.000926117549668874,0.0008867963576158941,0.0008170069904341419 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.076182626810071,0.471934277967636,1.27843104096268,2.24436442738132,3.01619739326995,3.57887427172711 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.076182626810071,0.471934277967636,1.27843104096268,2.24436442738132,3.01619739326995,3.57887427172711 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Private,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Public,billion EUR2020/yr,0.038904078500931,0.120497220669246,0.216325911826273,0.274937265469741,0.283071177823048,0.263648467385387 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Work,billion EUR2020/yr,0.037278548309139,0.35143705729839,1.06210512913641,1.96942716191158,2.7331262154469,3.31522580434173 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|Rail,billion EUR2020/yr,0.04923930891073101,0.06710594655478701,0.085832228847964,0.09732555808312701,0.104162269821124,0.107657884860411 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|Truck,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0043633318784,0.046936803589624,0.09405974730019201,0.141182690520224,0.188305634259455,0.188305634259456 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|Truck|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.006936803831224,0.014059747264192,0.021182690725824,0.028305634187456,0.028305634187456 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0043633318784,0.0399999997584,0.080000000036,0.1199999997944,0.160000000071999,0.160000000072 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV,million,3.281398,3.271145,2.953603,3.023163,3.11031,3.217881 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|BEV,million,0.400198,1.974476,2.376196,2.680489,3.002033,3.127668 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Compact Car,million,0.053286,0.5012759999999999,0.7026939999999999,0.737822,0.771513,0.804599 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Large Car and SUV,million,0.08671899999999999,0.291977,0.34621,0.371491,0.3824900000000001,0.395782 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Midsize Car,million,0.260193,1.181223,1.327292,1.571176,1.84803,1.927287 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|Compact Car,million,0.912472,0.9096219999999999,0.82132,0.8406659999999999,0.8649,0.8948119999999999 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|FCEV,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|FCEV|Compact Car,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|FCEV|Large Car and SUV,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|FCEV|Midsize Car,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|ICE,million,2.769864,0.7087439999999999,0.060105,0.011823,0.005661999999999999,0.0009140000000000001 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|ICE|Compact Car,million,0.856285,0.357539,0.029645,0.011482,0.005601,0.0009140000000000001 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|ICE|Large Car and SUV,million,0.297173,0.092391,0.017067,0.000341,6.1e-05,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|ICE|Midsize Car,million,1.616406,0.258814,0.013393,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|Large Car and SUV,million,0.403593,0.402333,0.363277,0.371832,0.382551,0.395782 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|Midsize Car,million,1.965333,1.95919,1.769006,1.810665,1.862859,1.927287 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|PHEV,million,0.111336,0.5879249999999999,0.5173019999999999,0.330851,0.102615,0.08929899999999999 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|PHEV|Compact Car,million,0.002901,0.050807,0.08898099999999999,0.091362,0.087786,0.08929899999999999 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|PHEV|Large Car and SUV,million,0.019701,0.017965,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|PHEV|Midsize Car,million,0.088734,0.519153,0.428321,0.239489,0.014829,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck,million,0.505493724068,0.519641607062,0.5288557486490071,0.528644973362017,0.55192418553502,0.607740706981014 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|BEV,million,0.199869814104358,0.430763297743127,0.5042548388666,0.522972302002601,0.544867645425403,0.597578272934261 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|BEV|Tractor Truck,million,0.001584384969695,0.013570529260535,0.027435722801504,0.036362326727313,0.036806072803581,0.036502569802229 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|BEV|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.189740045325621,0.381282689212692,0.424272856553075,0.430297939079253,0.455409432128892,0.5117528563301941 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|BEV|Truck (12t),million,0.0009162358880460931,0.005276945015922001,0.007828619372983,0.008962712663984001,0.009446168437343,0.009840648157448001 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|BEV|Truck (12t+),million,0.004080343223403,0.016950806326657,0.025731137937799,0.027304834704782,0.022909653636568,0.018898938217232 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|BEV|Truck (7.5t),million,0.003548804697592,0.01368232792732,0.018986502201237,0.020044488827266,0.020296318419018,0.020583260427156 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|FCEV,million,0.0,7.64001931278705e-06,0.00028624720986338,4.970173404576251e-05,2.3398908539813e-05,1.84791699315216e-05 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|FCEV|Tractor Truck,million,0.0,0.0,0.000175182985195601,9.862916835571911e-06,4.6245319498598e-07,3.41759772783242e-08 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|FCEV|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.0,0.0,4.64527397733773e-05,2.33416811295811e-05,1.48601889522786e-05,1.62925767916567e-05 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|FCEV|Truck (12t),million,0.0,7.64001931278705e-06,1.86322498283906e-05,1.05221850594783e-05,6.87992081889006e-06,1.09125233971288e-06 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|FCEV|Truck (12t+),million,0.0,0.0,3.632120520543571e-05,1.98172103453626e-06,5.52085595898375e-08,8.18206606494404e-12 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|FCEV|Truck (7.5t),million,0.0,0.0,9.65802986057511e-06,3.99322998659479e-06,1.1411370140685e-06,1.06115664080762e-06 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|ICE,million,0.269535602287734,0.07416267590588001,0.014475806675978,0.001919400033773,0.000447407109825968,0.000320557377988396 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|ICE|Tractor Truck,million,0.036781845868734,0.025210473716822,0.007067832830557,0.00046319438717125,8.52830050424986e-06,5.34465130276206e-07 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|ICE|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.195160774875537,0.032917257249848,0.003949769310116,0.000528299787979305,0.000247244533004552,0.000259065096386771 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|ICE|Truck (12t),million,0.005330187515359,0.002895594913926,0.0007680073121820291,0.000221442428458089,0.000103472273048261,3.08751422220658e-05 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|ICE|Truck (12t+),million,0.022112541763953,0.010029934062414,0.002158469309208,0.000512716513943582,4.169984392627839e-06,2.21062913981201e-07 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|ICE|Truck (7.5t),million,0.01015025226415,0.003109415962868,0.000531727913914169,0.000193746916221594,8.39920188762771e-05,2.98616113353021e-05 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line,million,0.000312777874213032,0.001929248863569,0.007878295490528,0.003384556948918,0.006444736233199,0.009706480248333 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV,million,3.04765012836033e-05,8.848923985192951e-05,8.66786971430258e-05,1.60934536319815e-05,0.004443366832203001,0.008109270990427 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV|Tractor Truck,million,2.07449703269594e-06,4.01113524471023e-06,6.818846111610519e-06,1.47924773189085e-06,1.4580519347454e-07,1.41950574492946e-08 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV|Truck (12t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV|Truck (12t+),million,2.84020042509074e-05,8.447810460721932e-05,7.985985103141531e-05,1.46142059000907e-05,0.004443221027009001,0.008109256795369 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV|Truck (7.5t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE,million,0.000282301372929429,0.001840759623718,0.007791616793385,0.003368463495286,0.002001369400995,0.001597209257906 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE|Tractor Truck,million,0.000183592094536733,0.001369382157397,0.006429609706631,0.002804879050947,0.001305907237525,0.001032177801604 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE|Truck (12t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE|Truck (12t+),million,9.87092783926957e-05,0.000471377466320818,0.001362007086754,0.000563584444338787,0.000695462163469757,0.000565031456301475 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE|Truck (7.5t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|PHEV,million,0.035775529801693,0.012778744530109,0.001960560406035,0.000319012642678338,0.000140997858052498,0.000116917250499392 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|PHEV|Tractor Truck,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|PHEV|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.031767220998841,0.010873508037458,0.001533463597041,0.000212953451655981,0.000101894949171479,0.000107299196642283 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|PHEV|Truck (12t),million,0.001388450104594,0.0009089357328380521,0.000286308104005832,7.688229449767931e-05,3.3677653789567e-05,4.87925898965108e-06 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|PHEV|Truck (12t+),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|PHEV|Truck (7.5t),million,0.002619858698257,0.000996300759812056,0.000140788704988048,2.91768965246779e-05,5.4252550914521e-06,4.73879486745864e-06 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Tractor Truck,million,0.03855189743,0.04015439627,0.04111516716999999,0.039641742329999,0.03812111659999901,0.037535330439999 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.416668041199999,0.4250734545,0.429802542200006,0.431062534000018,0.45577343180002,0.512135513200014 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Truck (12t),million,0.007634873508000001,0.009089115681999,0.008901567038999001,0.009271559571999,0.009590198284999001,0.009877493810999 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Truck (12t+),million,0.02631999627,0.027536595959999,0.02936779539,0.028397731589999,0.028052562019999,0.027573447539999 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Truck (7.5t),million,0.01631891566,0.01778804465,0.01966867685,0.020271405869999,0.02038687683,0.02061892199 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV,million,44.91185038,45.0390427699999,43.71612225,42.333862,41.812628,42.351969 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|BEV,million,2.317625,9.214249,18.508848,27.484635,34.281907,38.763077 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Compact Car,million,0.7868149999999999,2.241011,4.993055,7.658489,9.445392,10.33214 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Large Car and SUV,million,0.210533,1.315418,2.798066,4.084865,4.811543,5.151317 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Midsize Car,million,1.320277,5.65782,10.717727,15.741281,20.024972,23.27962 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|Compact Car,million,12.48886175,12.5242296,12.15633958,11.77197,11.627035,11.777017 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|FCEV,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|FCEV|Compact Car,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|FCEV|Large Car and SUV,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|FCEV|Midsize Car,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|ICE,million,41.32375038,32.64074877,19.19824625,8.103414,2.196535,0.379204 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|ICE|Compact Car,million,11.61839075,10.0536926,6.54218858,3.15048,1.030871,0.235153 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|ICE|Large Car and SUV,million,5.11346893,3.93993271,2.33129757,0.986135,0.281711,0.048072 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|ICE|Midsize Car,million,24.5918907,18.64712346,10.3247600999999,3.966799,0.883953,0.095979 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|Large Car and SUV,million,5.52392292999999,5.53956271,5.37684857,5.20684,5.142725,5.209063 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|Midsize Car,million,26.8990656999999,26.97525046,26.1829341,25.355052,25.042868,25.365889 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|PHEV,million,1.270475,3.184045,6.009028,6.745813,5.334186,3.209688 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|PHEV|Compact Car,million,0.083656,0.229526,0.621096,0.963001,1.150772,1.209724 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|PHEV|Large Car and SUV,million,0.199921,0.284212,0.247485,0.13584,0.049471,0.009674 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|PHEV|Midsize Car,million,0.9868979999999999,2.670307,5.140447,5.646972,4.133943,1.99029 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck,million,3.51187692346101,3.99340753786302,4.16641726040097,4.246187375533,4.32095232481599,4.56869941304798 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|BEV,million,0.17233371696553,1.69919322936858,3.35126728894873,4.04288457087159,4.2652759788341,4.50861302394028 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|BEV|Tractor Truck,million,0.001027617448312,0.023357132788659,0.103191762173308,0.185495355779364,0.21818765437935,0.219327022209274 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|BEV|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.164642462652499,1.57888170141312,2.93506980102052,3.34393659543852,3.463055796433,3.7192349075449 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|BEV|Truck (12t),million,0.0006659811498381711,0.011765042333001,0.043898737303264,0.07412042917058101,0.087321033886052,0.09389388349682701 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|BEV|Truck (12t+),million,0.003231006708382,0.04602652096654301,0.14873994611982,0.239100664620665,0.262320119897962,0.233629035667387 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|BEV|Truck (7.5t),million,0.002766649006497,0.039162831867254,0.120367042331817,0.200231525862452,0.23439137423773,0.242528175021898 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|FCEV,million,0.0,4.4657506507733e-06,0.000172565268598052,0.000963777126857587,0.000495674043808527,0.000227767339518647 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|FCEV|Tractor Truck,million,0.0,0.0,5.7692754795498e-06,0.000414517049484016,3.97029251257954e-05,1.7948170629317e-06 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|FCEV|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.0,0.0,4.156727504030181e-05,0.000218052135395702,0.000168743337585271,0.000122780161680758 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|FCEV|Truck (12t),million,0.0,4.448825115244879e-06,6.819652611071761e-05,0.00014878292851869,0.000126885427127227,6.697480306929531e-05 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|FCEV|Truck (12t+),million,0.0,0.0,3.92141371286719e-05,0.000129579654026629,9.445344360834262e-05,4.165881522719029e-06 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|FCEV|Truck (7.5t),million,0.0,1.69255355284266e-08,1.78180548388115e-05,5.28453594325487e-05,6.588891036189081e-05,3.2051676182943e-05 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|ICE,million,3.30706722383984,2.0931720556276,0.661135017810634,0.136877903098227,0.021983328187723,0.006543293248820001 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|ICE|Tractor Truck,million,0.230628874053307,0.209034901703331,0.122022702267291,0.026128623032217,0.001934444609903,3.34892080080855e-05 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|ICE|Truck (0-3.5t),million,2.57156006050109,1.47558004615529,0.314282677394677,0.04009150257195,0.004803088261307,0.00206433105161 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|ICE|Truck (12t),million,0.05972363291477201,0.052915712462009,0.032350743516817,0.011980835997412,0.003317507272458,0.00127098661541 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|ICE|Truck (12t+),million,0.25617125331039,0.21797393925594,0.121929274729447,0.037913134069363,0.007531373900955001,0.001645714301499 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|ICE|Truck (7.5t),million,0.188983403060279,0.13766745605102,0.07054961990240101,0.020763807427284,0.004396914143097,0.001528772072291 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line,million,0.000309250649606329,0.004148995825524001,0.024615810137524,0.041275021294877,0.029059788863092,0.05183472259524401 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV,million,3.5453412441459e-05,0.000283265393700422,0.0007421600557487041,0.000746600992604561,0.007704589681293001,0.03907109763350301 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV|Tractor Truck,million,2.06338205921418e-06,7.70948278022944e-06,3.10750902042018e-05,2.94032315890257e-05,5.720737117406059e-06,5.74313770879295e-07 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV|Truck (12t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV|Truck (12t+),million,3.33900303822448e-05,0.000275555910920193,0.0007110849655445021,0.000717197761015535,0.007698868944176001,0.039070523319732 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV|Truck (7.5t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE,million,0.00027379723716487,0.003865730431824,0.023873650081775,0.040528420302273,0.021355199181798,0.01276362496174 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE|Tractor Truck,million,0.000175098646320074,0.002696451515228,0.018343812143715,0.030576794367344,0.013260325868502,0.007068312321883 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE|Truck (12t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE|Truck (12t+),million,9.869859084479591e-05,0.001169278916595,0.005529837938059,0.009951625934929001,0.008094873313296001,0.005695312639856001 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE|Truck (7.5t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|PHEV,million,0.032166732006038,0.19688879129066,0.129226578235482,0.024186103141446,0.004137554887269,0.001480605924113 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|PHEV|Tractor Truck,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|PHEV|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.027610776046425,0.173546692631597,0.101527140809731,0.013498283854126,0.001914386868097,0.000849994541793634 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|PHEV|Truck (12t),million,0.001657766476389,0.008862757412874001,0.010484265644807,0.004169939976487001,0.001185681250361,0.000415410732693064 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|PHEV|Truck (12t+),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|PHEV|Truck (7.5t),million,0.002898189483223,0.014479341246189,0.017215171780943,0.006517879310832001,0.00103748676881,0.000215200649626791 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Tractor Truck,million,0.231833653529999,0.23509619549,0.243595120949999,0.242644693459999,0.233427848519999,0.22643119287 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Truck (0-3.5t),million,2.76381329920001,3.22800844020002,3.35092118649997,3.397744434,3.4699420149,3.72227201329998 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Truck (12t),million,0.062047380541,0.073547961033,0.08680194299099901,0.090419988072999,0.09195110783599901,0.095647255647999 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Truck (12t+),million,0.259534348639999,0.26544529505,0.27694935789,0.287812202039999,0.285739689499999,0.280044751809999 -Aladin v1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Truck (7.5t),million,0.194648241549999,0.191309646089999,0.20814965207,0.22756605796,0.239891664059999,0.24430419942 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV,billion EUR2020/yr,87.3245301934088,94.0886198505731,96.7833520856911,97.0524354001368,95.5727294797558,96.1538493347916 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Energy Demand|Transportation|Rail and Bus,billion EUR2020/yr,5.65248618165543,6.57509840454389,7.38443737728513,7.54171150844222,7.49899444701853,7.30512037633395 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck,billion EUR2020/yr,26.6024379385252,33.3951138990115,36.6714278854836,38.3946362766111,38.661546717438,40.4781113920174 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Infrastructure|Transportation|Charge and Fuel|LDV and Truck,billion EUR2020/yr,0.625165270862655,2.21957857653239,4.58483853538225,6.54483743675174,7.5856193332187,8.00876613256707 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Infrastructure|Transportation|Charge and Fuel|Rail and Bus,billion EUR2020/yr,0.250077575488863,0.361142627013753,0.456716087783075,0.5177501621829921,0.5781534589989851,0.605140201114444 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Transportation,billion EUR2020/yr,120.4546971599409,136.6395533576746,145.8807719716252,150.0513707841249,149.89704343643,152.5509874368244 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers,Mt CO2/yr,43.7631287963457,44.5906257839178,36.2815107311988,24.9986108430555,0.9964646409363451,1.05512814366672 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers|Aviation,Mt CO2/yr,31.5537018256454,32.5003001680952,26.3950475474418,18.1966301572266,0.7143124880024381,0.735347552250726 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers|Navigation,Mt CO2/yr,12.2094269707003,12.0903256158225,9.88646318375702,6.80198068582892,0.282152152933907,0.319780591416 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation,Mt CO2/yr,128.429639404113,88.1304902101249,39.941434820081,10.9680490577854,0.235834418080185,0.067934499318232 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|Bus,Mt CO2/yr,2.19556460468517,1.44633689352337,0.8793578786990831,0.387357503206665,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|Domestic Aviation,Mt CO2/yr,2.39116877346544,2.24590028079568,1.60147677179977,0.8386350313586061,0.024731604074748,0.012469655321707 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|Domestic Navigation,Mt CO2/yr,1.06235822033162,1.02819597204919,0.772299577586249,0.49600066169115,0.01993731894,0.02085237 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|LDV,Mt CO2/yr,80.3945970984622,54.1513331665802,24.0610687638487,6.32255641522407,0.109387195464401,0.011845942393406 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|Rail,Mt CO2/yr,0.652430148039102,0.5191665701952091,0.312244163979863,0.108967555508724,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|Truck,Mt CO2/yr,41.7335205591294,28.7395573269812,12.3149876641673,2.81453189079623,0.08177829960103601,0.022766531603118 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Freight|Domestic Navigation,bn tkm/yr,60.99755859375,57.6135559082031,54.3339538574218,55.1917572021484,55.9625701904296,55.7999687194824 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Freight|Rail,bn tkm/yr,193.670593261718,187.919570922851,187.069641113281,197.547241210937,209.824111938476,215.365463256835 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Freight|Road,bn tkm/yr,498.725801467895,549.733567237854,575.320399284362,588.427669525146,599.998352050781,613.441877365112 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Bicycling and Walking,bn pkm/yr,71.64042578125,82.50684765625,85.52164453125,87.440630859375,89.475693359375,92.396669921875 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Rail,bn pkm/yr,147.668565387255,169.024003322564,174.137825267132,166.904516314022,160.116162679542,157.296361656814 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Road|Bus,bn pkm/yr,40.348840862744,45.5049029274357,48.9566512953677,47.9848664984775,45.6249154454575,44.0456852181852 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Road|LDV,bn pkm/yr,954.209020233154,943.464357971191,928.143854614257,929.673922729492,933.61475402832,937.383439697265 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers,TWh/yr,168.61975,179.2783793352139,181.9894629408014,183.169162871595,168.3192487263878,154.5788631429211 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation,TWh/yr,121.9304166666667,131.1261936209281,133.04037026223,134.33141810969,121.5116389049594,108.9558831429211 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids,TWh/yr,121.9304166666667,130.7966729561419,132.0452481277664,131.9912168474339,118.5008155398483,104.9117662858422 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,2.410793078961667,6.602512983047749,19.80678721916494,31.67789204338417,50.95535068213472,52.45588314292111 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,1.307966729561419,13.20452481277664,32.99780421185833,67.54546485771333,52.45588314292111 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,119.519623587705,122.8861932435328,99.03393609582471,67.3155205921911,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Liquids,TWh/yr,168.61975,178.9488586704278,180.9943408063378,180.8289616093386,165.3084253612769,150.5347462858422 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,3.333928788151,9.033197373982556,27.14915112095067,43.39895078624111,71.08262290534888,75.2673731429211 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,1.789488586704278,18.09943408063377,45.20724040233445,94.22580245592776,75.2673731429211 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,165.2858212118489,168.1261727097411,135.7457556047533,92.22277042076277,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Liquids|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation,TWh/yr,46.68933333333334,48.15218571428555,48.94909267857139,48.83774476190472,46.80760982142834,45.62298 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Gases,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids,TWh/yr,46.68933333333334,48.15218571428555,48.94909267857139,48.83774476190472,46.80760982142834,45.62298 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.9231357091893333,2.4306843909348,7.342363901785695,11.72105874285714,20.12727222321428,22.81149 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.4815218571428556,4.894909267857139,12.20943619047619,26.68033759821428,22.81149 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,45.76619762414389,45.23997946620806,36.71181950892833,24.90724982857142,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation,TWh/yr,549.2175134734583,451.8319725999861,329.8527583293417,246.6002472895194,208.1225940570528,198.7029160465322 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus,TWh/yr,10.25804062499997,8.8407,7.494802989130416,6.281203804347806,4.471691304347805,3.948833333333333 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Electricity,TWh/yr,1.465434375,2.946899999999972,3.406728631422916,3.768722282608695,4.471691304347805,3.948833333333333 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Gases,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Liquids,TWh/yr,8.792606249999972,5.893799999999971,4.0880743577075,2.512481521739128,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.5847083156249971,0.4302473999999972,0.4006312870553333,0.4547591554347805,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.05893799999999972,0.40880743577075,0.6281203804347805,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,8.207897934374971,5.404614599999999,3.278635634881417,1.429601985869564,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Liquids|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation,TWh/yr,9.239999999999974,9.276428571428555,8.718540298977056,7.720895174365944,6.1542713483745,4.44760290821625 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.0,0.2378571428571428,0.7069086728900306,1.637765643047322,2.051423782791503,2.668561744929753 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Gases,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Liquids,TWh/yr,9.239999999999974,9.038571428571416,8.011631626087027,6.083129531318611,4.102847565583,1.7790411632865 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.18269213424,0.45625996332,1.201744743913056,1.459951087516469,1.764224453200692,0.88952058164325 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.09038571428571417,0.8011631626087027,1.520782382829656,2.338623112382314,0.88952058164325 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,9.057307865759999,8.491925750965695,6.008723719565277,3.1023960609725,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Liquids|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation,TWh/yr,4.0625,4.1475,3.924375,3.705625,3.49125,3.2375 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0525,0.100625,0.144375,0.18375,0.2625 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Gases,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Liquids,TWh/yr,4.0625,4.094999999999972,3.82375,3.56125,3.3075,2.975 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.08032324625000001,0.20671237314,0.5735625,0.8546999999999999,1.422225,1.4875 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.04095,0.382375,0.8903125,1.885274999999997,1.4875 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,3.98217675375,3.84733762686,2.8678125,1.8162375,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Liquids|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Electricity,TWh/yr,32.00562482935445,82.60153471886943,136.5938002258911,173.15119824226,187.6095368006042,191.5787757982511 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases,TWh/yr,14.75104022765992,29.71998368668722,19.10343177939961,4.739004756561861,0.697250379230211,0.118787178861317 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,2.212656034148989,4.457997553003084,2.865514766909917,0.7108507134842778,0.1045875568845314,0.0178180768291975 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,12.53838419351092,25.26198613368427,16.23791701248967,4.028154043077583,0.5926628223456778,0.1009691020321192 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0008797450895280556,0.1175089594781244,0.2397888474432967,0.03786360386988083,0.009074279453348611 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV,TWh/yr,339.8210613461694,274.64049504851,194.26770931639,132.962733927,102.314099273,94.317762954 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Electricity,TWh/yr,17.93586787,51.29510601,79.119145564,90.48781356799999,93.09901112600001,93.36228412 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Gases,TWh/yr,3.661416158,4.503745269,2.62312579,1.246377355,0.342563257,0.040113672 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Liquids,TWh/yr,318.2237773181694,218.84164376951,112.52543796239,41.228543004,8.87252489,0.9153651620000001 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,21.16188119165831,15.97543999517422,11.02749292031422,7.462366283724,3.8151857027,0.457682581 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,2.1884164376951,11.252543796239,10.307135751,5.0573391873,0.457682581 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,297.0618961265111,200.6777873366406,90.24540124583666,23.459040969276,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Liquids|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids,TWh/yr,502.4608484164444,339.5095744493416,174.038017364575,68.47025544325416,19.77794327334842,6.996278789966444 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,32.79204555018333,24.48842055697622,17.67116554628489,12.96213462757683,8.504515607539805,3.498139394983222 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,3.395095744493417,17.4038017364575,17.11756386081358,11.27342766580858,3.498139394983222 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,469.6688028662583,311.6260581478722,138.9630500818328,38.39055695486389,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail,TWh/yr,13.38745268336725,13.8546376267718,13.80074367921089,13.142014800438,12.40599842419083,12.10397830065997 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Electricity,TWh/yr,10.77465714772431,11.73904205210422,12.34914201505303,12.43522851795133,12.40599842419083,12.10397830065997 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Freight,TWh/yr,4.476142334288361,4.023568892110139,3.79340321281425,3.776377290851083,3.778244098868305,3.749667676367111 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Gases,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Liquids,TWh/yr,2.612795535642919,2.115595574667589,1.451601664157842,0.7067862824866611,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.1737509031202542,0.1544384769507339,0.1422569630874684,0.1279283171300855,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.02115595574667583,0.1451601664157842,0.1766965706216653,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,2.439044632522666,1.940001141970178,1.164184534654589,0.4021613947349084,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Liquids|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Passenger,TWh/yr,8.91131034907886,9.83106873466164,10.00734046639661,9.365637509586888,8.627754325322528,8.35431062429286 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck,TWh/yr,172.4484588189214,141.072211353278,101.6465870456356,82.78777458336778,79.28528370713944,80.64723855032248 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Electricity,TWh/yr,1.829665436630131,16.33012951390828,40.911250342525,64.67729323065278,75.39766216327418,79.23261829932777 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Gases,TWh/yr,11.08962406965992,25.21623841768739,16.48030598939961,3.492627401561861,0.3546871222302083,0.07867350686131694 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0008797450895280556,0.1175089594781244,0.2397888474432967,0.03786360386988083,0.009074279453348611 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Liquids,TWh/yr,159.5291693126317,99.52496367659278,44.13752175423278,14.37806510370992,3.495070817765416,1.326872464679947 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,10.60868975929,7.265322348391277,4.325477131914806,2.602429783771497,1.502880451639128,0.6634362323399722 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.9952496367659278,4.413752175423277,3.594516275927472,1.992190366126286,0.6634362323399722 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,148.9204795533414,91.26439169143555,35.39829244689444,8.181119044010945,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Liquids|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation,billion EUR2020/yr,96.62749586141494,106.547407838308,103.6068671111602,103.226365588009,104.8483236679558,106.854397660265 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Bus,billion EUR2020/yr,1.869940554888035,2.173765213582957,1.810336728342519,1.809984554916962,2.076291015291662,1.318643915697138 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Bus|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,1.499272237003482,2.082339532290302,1.748415867441054,1.801312381551759,2.076291015291662,1.318643915697138 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Bus|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Bus|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,0.3706683178845461,0.09142568129264708,0.0619208609014574,0.00867217336520172,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Domestic Aviation,billion EUR2020/yr,0.3845501477832504,0.4275005558109156,0.4245190373656158,0.5130835553103793,0.3669716775031677,0.3999371125090325 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.01828112229599484,0.1516193717059624,0.3124265319658504,0.5007994412418364,0.3669716775031677,0.3999371125090325 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Domestic Navigation,billion EUR2020/yr,0.2106746688741719,0.2169733029801322,0.1402861134105957,0.1179384830298009,0.1061390211092708,0.09560352855960237 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.00625827814569528,0.04561154801324444,0.04970043460264844,0.04654775455297936,0.04619282905629092,0.06441354511589356 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,0.2044163907284765,0.1713617549668868,0.09058567880794628,0.07139072847682064,0.05994619205297965,0.03118998344370792 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV,billion EUR2020/yr,67.28775791872202,70.61754083502524,67.34694276950256,67.24672682699413,68.18095445558542,69.4159318280311 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,4.664726277890358,5.906350035131912,3.778694510149724,1.262706130614126,-1.308438712466902,-3.693776883079866 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,23.25051663912276,54.9347940334508,65.45360181717385,67.23503995734748,68.17497491458211,69.41138310682382 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,4.10878255610819,5.387242751786104,3.631751391994566,1.262706130614126,-1.308438712466902,-3.693776883079866 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|FCEV|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,40.3554256868206,10.66658298747348,0.1583512934369436,0.011686869646666,0.0059795410033074,0.0045487212072718 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|PHEV,billion EUR2020/yr,3.681815592778612,5.016163814100934,1.734989658891786,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|PHEV|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,0.5559437217821666,0.5191072833458092,0.1469431181551566,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Rail,billion EUR2020/yr,2.627904084886922,3.149341261007337,2.809140944626828,2.189645641891511,1.914379521997088,1.67473518929536 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Rail|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,2.601379717154597,3.139136286205332,2.80765225930674,2.189645641891511,1.914379521997088,1.67473518929536 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Rail|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Rail|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0265243677323226,0.01020497480201028,0.00148868532008856,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck,billion EUR2020/yr,25.84724334856526,29.20451857322654,30.86116899991038,31.19420502664904,32.00274796635896,33.99691716066604 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,1.730709365626507,2.532664743894638,2.218623652106952,0.8845815938235928,-1.136742875531788,-3.315518851813776 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,10.81379641924062,22.92731048144272,28.3563950361902,30.3994663695727,31.01831263124198,32.73655053495632 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|BEV|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,1.499687912434054,2.3900789553421,2.076699105935302,0.8207433461749645,-1.285175666369929,-3.480424043210538 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.001059670434143105,0.0216777955128284,0.0038235239532358,0.001469622833885,0.0011567825173674 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|FCEV|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0002301301828660223,0.00161956219046358,7.784559474440361e-05,-8.850404933809015e-05,-0.0002240482124113608 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,13.63953153790985,5.260985953475648,1.191617928706759,0.1243558902669162,0.030896081166228,0.016314055217238 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0063088750990534,0.0121666685421634,0.0087602006620124,0.1337653970677264,0.7384493832113802,1.068961492717529 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0028748283935102,0.0040347505334734,0.0024909811084082,0.03119767776568565,0.147295527293033,0.173217420347011 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0724607890450882,0.4615901765656568,1.190083767508025,0.5142895103684683,0.2046704915089536,0.1674387804302826 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0180155747230858,0.0696301088895664,0.1260052060833708,0.0300295694304554,0.0002879288380515042,-0.008399434713464802 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|PHEV,billion EUR2020/yr,1.315145727270629,0.5414056227662203,0.092634271330513,0.0185043354200084,0.0089497563965488,0.0064955148272486 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|PHEV|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,0.210131050075857,0.0686907989466316,0.0118087967894038,0.0025331548577412,0.0009378387563936486,0.0003112539756290056 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation,billion EUR2020/yr,15.02079920378604,17.82646258676114,18.85813841310967,19.43002679317297,20.14426527563037,19.88302157332163 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Bus,billion EUR2020/yr,0.2048243378614491,0.2417626536800566,0.1572097020487495,0.1480132651636012,0.1735873889296465,0.0536606867465168 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Bus|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1993897235979117,0.2417626536800566,0.1572097020487495,0.1480132651636012,0.1735873889296465,0.0536606867465168 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Bus|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Bus|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0054346142635374,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Domestic Aviation,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0002882570143498701,0.001379591795552053,0.0026305968022572,0.00404458793949564,0.00301070360007832,0.00357329179486168 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.00015405440137068,0.00127310398644808,0.00257789134307432,0.00403834486516692,0.00301070360007832,0.00357329179486168 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Domestic Navigation,billion EUR2020/yr,0.00287780537159612,0.00761890636497372,0.007769338668138,0.007298266188373001,0.007212150478292441,0.00988415194996284 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0007822847682118801,0.005730960264900361,0.00644032836644548,0.00614286699779176,0.006181498344370599,0.009091887417217922 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,0.00209552060338424,0.00188794610007324,0.00132901030169176,0.00115539919058112,0.001030652133921801,0.000792264532744635 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV,billion EUR2020/yr,1.035643889609445,2.885129877363622,4.296335517881336,5.131642849043954,5.757020925078696,5.924460207947446 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,1.035643889609445,2.885129877363622,4.296335517881336,5.131642849043954,5.757020925078696,5.924460207947446 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Private,billion EUR2020/yr,0.3682623792789942,1.03622571131616,1.871393221297938,2.43219737531305,2.551772069812304,2.48755411857002 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Public,billion EUR2020/yr,0.4961780506504162,0.9647024603315404,0.9076873469330906,0.736230697959663,0.7989773728138199,0.6411372202428612 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Work,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1712034596800376,0.884201705715918,1.517254949650292,1.963214775771234,2.406271482452566,2.795768869134562 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Rail,billion EUR2020/yr,5.474448343723784,5.550770040404258,5.469028492708782,5.344423661440276,5.264179618346165,5.186102753337002 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Rail|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Rail|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1475599652485505,0.229952160727194,0.1928044817758639,0.1184052690500645,0.08787941502090105,0.05319460179904449 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Rail|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Rail|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,5.480704666302719e-05,6.558463299428019e-05,9.88794677549669e-06,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Rail|Railtracks,billion EUR2020/yr,5.32683357142857,5.320732906720022,5.27617555301809,5.225980189360972,5.176262363743924,5.132889332922928 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Rail|Railtracks|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Road,billion EUR2020/yr,8.01845199999999,8.020660619547886,8.036872940889985,8.055334504227257,8.073838475765251,8.090155969591175 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Road|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Truck,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1954824561611152,0.9319167300419244,0.9437644871333077,0.7965389743116975,0.7067602171767624,0.5814782611644378 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Truck|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0943556961211152,0.4451705990739242,0.5437644843573078,0.3964015756396974,0.4656380207847626,0.5745705024604384 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Truck|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.006818,0.032602,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0943087600399996,0.4541441309679998,0.4000000027759996,0.4001373986719996,0.2411221963919994,0.006907758703999201 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Transportation|Energiewende,billion EUR2020/yr,7.982167161830035,12.73685967195691,11.59788074448116,8.353269139164144,4.290327051867026,-0.3830257148763434 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation,billion EUR2020/yr,44.3108430493275,40.7313861335931,34.1126211042675,28.8157687256032,26.3218355270868,25.9432421434284 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Bus,billion EUR2020/yr,0.336972849439601,0.451152380799538,0.543095793601663,0.544788335197089,0.53318458307132,0.5078643674851191 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Domestic Aviation,billion EUR2020/yr,0.194486254015849,0.204523486828014,0.214390757665577,0.232295533134998,0.242754494067872,0.248798342845005 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Domestic Navigation,billion EUR2020/yr,0.132367549668874,0.138698261589403,0.139566949503311,0.135682170943708,0.130628492342715,0.124382372723509 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Energy,billion EUR2020/yr,101.161423489452,107.89910154309,79.1757416756203,50.4678169591059,37.1882763958662,34.6221411359517 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Energy|Diesel,billion EUR2020/yr,69.9256901288183,58.9231304546166,29.8543426402322,9.32438566711318,1.54916897760145,0.402155440189838 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Energy|Electricity,billion EUR2020/yr,5.34474255858076,16.7347459621356,26.9071691264664,31.7471294259423,33.7524062404887,34.0009120388374 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Energy|Methane,billion EUR2020/yr,1.91873994812686,4.82118425119216,3.86393900562703,1.02797833462347,0.130258991072067,0.022191595059231 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Energy|Other Non-Fossil,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.000343130848147122,0.039959438709958,0.06955660604880501,0.009316127696002001,0.002178683680784 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Energy|Petrol,billion EUR2020/yr,23.9722508539266,27.4196977442982,18.5103314645847,8.29876692537813,1.74712605900796,0.194703378184497 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV,billion EUR2020/yr,29.9827340125669,28.1087571871951,24.1728569284553,20.166750276882,18.143013889532,17.891294893182 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,2.14198703791799,7.64744143782599,12.700107511761,15.706355034753,16.9976358087,17.7245800812869 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,26.7386818438509,18.6214620486821,9.53242281821036,3.463312299039,0.7130888560049999,0.07021767452 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|PHEV,billion EUR2020/yr,1.102065130798,1.839853700687,1.940326598484,0.9970829430899991,0.432289224827,0.096497137375 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Non-Energy,billion EUR2020/yr,44.3108430493275,40.7313861335931,34.1126211042675,28.8157687256032,26.3218355270868,25.9432421434284 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Rail,billion EUR2020/yr,1.21453721483465,1.32087422278047,1.42691786224198,1.47264314638106,1.47753029255204,1.45724584031772 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck,billion EUR2020/yr,12.4497451688016,10.5073805944004,7.61579281279964,6.26360926306442,5.79472377552089,5.71365632687507 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.438067659345892,2.07857724205043,3.70601985486576,4.99867625208373,5.40673164563047,5.43900183271038 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.000171900316423786,0.009971266117683,0.009413356794297001,0.001623663166663,0.000524773481503911 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,11.7774998229317,7.7991278137764,3.04894745026518,0.582445174923496,0.092111454034644,0.02751373680575 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.000238378232773327,0.0009247854862470301,0.001426662482318,0.002171488521486,0.036486969069395,0.105691239126776 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,0.012285733494627,0.11762653888141,0.5887802792969491,0.6094820466769411,0.244608846389466,0.135904838621526 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|PHEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.221653574796541,0.5109523138895661,0.260647299771748,0.061420944064469,0.013161197230253,0.005019906129131 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation,billion EUR2020/yr,0.184522431375377,0.6493685926407361,1.58530630266388,2.61135324585786,3.45221800020939,3.99185032951945 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|Bus,billion EUR2020/yr,0.037729051850603,0.05767977166339901,0.07218496161316301,0.08182006420613701,0.094962047602134,0.100485456190411 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|Domestic Aviation,billion EUR2020/yr,6.070107803241231e-05,0.000138051545655743,0.000333746493906867,0.0006931589003518671,0.001021346828462,0.001336658331163 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|Domestic Navigation,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0009192190949227371,0.001334276122148,0.001957218083149,0.002526501563649,0.003042345014716,0.003727798473142 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.09221081856268801,0.47617374316512,1.33093840032551,2.28780527258437,3.0607243566835,3.59033689740487 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.09221081856268801,0.47617374316512,1.33093840032551,2.28780527258437,3.0607243566835,3.59033689740487 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Private,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Public,billion EUR2020/yr,0.046004890004617,0.128481718558656,0.229897269057413,0.283792256726283,0.288186594695749,0.265066809486405 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Work,billion EUR2020/yr,0.04620592855807101,0.347692024606463,1.10104113126809,2.00401301585809,2.77253776198775,3.32527008791846 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|Rail,billion EUR2020/yr,0.04923930891073101,0.06710594655478701,0.085832228847964,0.09732555808312701,0.104162269821124,0.107657884860411 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|Truck,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0043633318784,0.046936803589624,0.09405974730019201,0.141182690520224,0.188305634259455,0.188305634259456 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|Truck|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.006936803831224,0.014059747264192,0.021182690725824,0.028305634187456,0.028305634187456 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0043633318784,0.0399999997584,0.080000000036,0.1199999997944,0.160000000071999,0.160000000072 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV,million,3.2814,3.271151,2.953604,3.023163,3.110311,3.217881 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|BEV,million,0.834774,2.428878,2.952412,3.022477,3.10999,3.217576 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Compact Car,million,0.215849,0.57169,0.8204400000000001,0.840094,0.864605,0.8945069999999999 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Large Car and SUV,million,0.137683,0.327864,0.362987,0.371719,0.382525,0.395782 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Midsize Car,million,0.481242,1.529324,1.768985,1.810664,1.86286,1.927287 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|Compact Car,million,0.9124749999999999,0.909624,0.8213229999999999,0.8406659999999999,0.864899,0.8948119999999999 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|FCEV,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|FCEV|Compact Car,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|FCEV|Large Car and SUV,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|FCEV|Midsize Car,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|ICE,million,2.43338,0.5994349999999999,0.001192,0.0006860000000000001,0.000321,0.000305 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|ICE|Compact Car,million,0.696595,0.329544,0.000883,0.000572,0.000294,0.000305 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|ICE|Large Car and SUV,million,0.26144,0.0578,0.00029,0.000114,2.7e-05,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|ICE|Midsize Car,million,1.475345,0.212091,1.9e-05,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|Large Car and SUV,million,0.403594,0.402333,0.363277,0.371833,0.382552,0.395782 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|Midsize Car,million,1.965331,1.959194,1.769004,1.810664,1.86286,1.927287 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|PHEV,million,0.013246,0.242838,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|PHEV|Compact Car,million,3.1e-05,0.00839,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|PHEV|Large Car and SUV,million,0.004471,0.016669,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|PHEV|Midsize Car,million,0.008744,0.217779,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck,million,0.5054937240680021,0.519641607061997,0.5288557486490151,0.528644973361985,0.551924185534984,0.607740706981016 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|BEV,million,0.252464255875752,0.450383581614215,0.5065751865139411,0.522771630651523,0.5436335821610511,0.596953919357007 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|BEV|Tractor Truck,million,0.002227039530581,0.014840477308788,0.027757217090198,0.036525881132006,0.03703191620315401,0.036650138464235 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|BEV|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.238211684965673,0.396197502958361,0.425549120862616,0.430408603520417,0.4554194057014521,0.511753810242091 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|BEV|Truck (12t),million,0.001287877366324,0.005743043832264001,0.007907550114289001,0.008986098470174,0.009446722642602,0.009859056822027 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|BEV|Truck (12t+),million,0.005749391375608001,0.018697528432715,0.026172978849646,0.026705849886755,0.021385534854644,0.018089852080133 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|BEV|Truck (7.5t),million,0.004988262637563,0.014905029082086,0.01918831959719,0.020145197642169,0.020350002759197,0.020601061748518 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|FCEV,million,0.0,1.2293846987249e-05,0.000266808118886483,4.767577610959791e-05,2.57429033842755e-05,2.4704525471009e-05 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|FCEV|Tractor Truck,million,0.0,0.0,0.000154836202227461,8.6678365086159e-06,2.83009861298941e-07,2.02488878403757e-08 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|FCEV|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.0,0.0,5.193548738186421e-05,2.33015423580524e-05,1.71998640698079e-05,2.25396234249759e-05 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|FCEV|Truck (12t),million,0.0,1.2293846987249e-05,2.05448411415574e-05,1.04409940323743e-05,7.14647687803128e-06,1.08877840051946e-06 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|FCEV|Truck (12t+),million,0.0,0.0,3.1175212595757e-05,1.71722062000821e-06,3.35811599472497e-08,1.3516179175832e-09 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|FCEV|Truck (7.5t),million,0.0,0.0,8.31637553984269e-06,3.54818259054705e-06,1.07997141519003e-06,1.05452313975573e-06 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|ICE,million,0.219750722322661,0.05739310267708601,0.010844413257078,0.001337605272266,0.000380523979272761,0.000283385667226257 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|ICE|Tractor Truck,million,0.03602667646153401,0.023253617997711,0.005268136817196001,0.000229862599651705,4.6858060660609e-06,3.22375425502869e-07 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|ICE|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.149341730936411,0.02140312738945,0.003014123824175,0.000447638756377317,0.000240265248971346,0.000258408251446254 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|ICE|Truck (12t),million,0.005017912924072001,0.002479446302899,0.000704250608841563,0.000199813695691735,0.000103085659169824,1.24818240885785e-05 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|ICE|Truck (12t+),million,0.020379574662051,0.008107276533022,0.001486179895691,0.000363187872567395,1.83046317341151e-06,8.15749042021762e-08 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|ICE|Truck (7.5t),million,0.008984827338591002,0.002149634454001,0.000371722111173193,9.710234797785491e-05,3.06568018921184e-05,1.20916413617194e-05 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line,million,0.000489211670222932,0.002792091957762,0.009612438492442001,0.004204307371890001,0.007749394701940001,0.010368361884795 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV,million,4.37303420278592e-05,0.000100382506923356,6.920301300926911e-05,0.000758102870204817,0.006214031357814001,0.009160558148042001 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV|Tractor Truck,million,2.90353692171706e-06,6.08293752601354e-06,5.956432229779199e-06,1.15658068226614e-06,1.1334284203402e-07,1.06974719118331e-08 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV|Truck (12t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV|Truck (12t+),million,4.082680510614211e-05,9.42995693973432e-05,6.32465807794899e-05,0.0007569462895225511,0.006213918014972001,0.009160547450570001 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV|Truck (7.5t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE,million,0.000445481328195073,0.002691709450838,0.009543235479432,0.003446204501685,0.001535363344126,0.001207803736752 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE|Tractor Truck,million,0.000295277900961961,0.002054218025974,0.007929020628147,0.00287617418115,0.001084118238076,0.0008848386539796711 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE|Truck (12t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE|Truck (12t+),million,0.000150203427233111,0.0006374914248646961,0.001614214851285,0.0005700303205342821,0.000451245106049991,0.000322965082773249 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE|Truck (7.5t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|PHEV,million,0.032789534199364,0.009060536965945,0.001556902266666,0.000283754290196305,0.000134941789335471,0.000110335546516565 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|PHEV|Tractor Truck,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|PHEV|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.029114625297917,0.007472824152185,0.001187362025843,0.000182990180832975,9.65609854906729e-05,0.000100755083054126 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|PHEV|Truck (12t),million,0.001329083217602,0.000854331699848774,0.0002692214747274141,7.52064121012541e-05,3.32435063496709e-05,4.866386483021689e-06 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|PHEV|Truck (12t+),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|PHEV|Truck (7.5t),million,0.002345825683844,0.000733381113911657,0.000100318766096452,2.5557697262075e-05,5.13729749512782e-06,4.714076979417259e-06 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Tractor Truck,million,0.038551897429999,0.040154396269999,0.041115167169999,0.039641742329999,0.0381211166,0.03753533044 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.4166680412000021,0.425073454499997,0.429802542200016,0.431062533999985,0.455773431799984,0.512135513200016 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Truck (12t),million,0.007634873508000001,0.009089115682,0.008901567038999001,0.009271559571999,0.009590198285,0.009877493811000001 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Truck (12t+),million,0.02631999627,0.02753659596,0.029367795389999,0.028397731589999,0.02805256202,0.027573447539999 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Truck (7.5t),million,0.01631891566,0.01778804465,0.019668676849999,0.020271405869999,0.020386876829999,0.020618921989999 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV,million,44.91185038,45.0390567699999,43.71609425,42.333829,41.812612,42.351975 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|BEV,million,3.103753,11.422706,23.903844,33.982664,39.60933,42.051291 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Compact Car,million,1.130377,2.853415,6.259298,9.135271,10.90475,11.683227 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Large Car and SUV,million,0.260078,1.566751,3.189489,4.375452,4.946135,5.183108 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Midsize Car,million,1.713298,7.00254,14.455057,20.471941,23.758445,25.184956 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|Compact Car,million,12.48885875,12.5242335999999,12.15634758,11.771979,11.627036,11.77702 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|FCEV,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|FCEV|Compact Car,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|FCEV|Large Car and SUV,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|FCEV|Midsize Car,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|ICE,million,40.63940938,31.84283577,17.71775625,6.988039,1.577107,0.15459 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|ICE|Compact Car,million,11.28463375,9.5882696,5.79421858,2.571787,0.6904129999999999,0.08547199999999999 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|ICE|Large Car and SUV,million,5.09487992999999,3.76208671,1.98436856999999,0.711548,0.144252,0.013798 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|ICE|Midsize Car,million,24.2598956999999,18.49247946,9.93916909999999,3.704704,0.7424419999999999,0.05532 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|Large Car and SUV,million,5.52391993,5.53956071,5.37684157,5.20683,5.14273,5.20907 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|Midsize Car,million,26.8990717,26.97526246,26.1829051,25.35502,25.042846,25.365885 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|PHEV,million,1.168688,1.773515,2.094494,1.363126,0.6261749999999999,0.146094 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|PHEV|Compact Car,million,0.073848,0.082549,0.102831,0.06492099999999999,0.031873,0.008321 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|PHEV|Large Car and SUV,million,0.168962,0.210723,0.202984,0.11983,0.052343,0.012164 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|PHEV|Midsize Car,million,0.925878,1.480243,1.788679,1.178375,0.541959,0.125609 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck,million,3.51187692346099,3.99340753786298,4.16641726040096,4.24618737553302,4.32095232481602,4.56869941304799 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|BEV,million,0.237901739425235,1.96751197159736,3.51817481661613,4.0783532734849,4.26441568329086,4.49963297378428 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|BEV|Tractor Truck,million,0.001548664982814,0.028474845155541,0.108730461837479,0.187207464485797,0.219186084615567,0.220482660899512 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|BEV|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.226333826663446,1.81792671422181,3.0641518303036,3.36177024348975,3.46429001078252,3.71934138837774 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|BEV|Truck (12t),million,0.000997915355452145,0.014494396673112,0.04772126204904,0.07580184264522301,0.087662002650603,0.09399297239711801 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|BEV|Truck (12t+),million,0.004859008734883001,0.057659901557534,0.164281958598126,0.245932197510796,0.257038539951733,0.222497166274375 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|BEV|Truck (7.5t),million,0.004162323688638001,0.048956113989356,0.133289303827876,0.207641525353328,0.23623904529044,0.243318785835531 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|FCEV,million,0.0,7.5886585994284e-06,0.0005174441969952731,0.001225163246455,0.000482523162574503,0.000252057593688163 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|FCEV|Tractor Truck,million,0.0,0.0,0.000207162609281135,0.000533420921882788,2.95909007675808e-05,1.09871668912799e-06 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|FCEV|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.0,0.0,9.187618691486312e-05,0.000286240782695985,0.000173385982282125,0.000143674001214049 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|FCEV|Truck (12t),million,0.0,7.5307520289603e-06,0.000103086589502641,0.000188776237096381,0.000140367644737149,7.308826001902361e-05 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|FCEV|Truck (12t+),million,0.0,0.0,8.885628969563912e-05,0.0001603239207958,7.44895200337307e-05,3.07303414657502e-06 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|FCEV|Truck (7.5t),million,0.0,5.79065704681015e-08,2.64625216009943e-05,5.64013839842161e-05,6.46891147539163e-05,3.11235816193866e-05 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|ICE,million,3.23816866433115,1.85025077541713,0.514596581815245,0.099232080219531,0.016070294061483,0.005286049869493 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|ICE|Tractor Truck,million,0.229996470050082,0.202378177256325,0.108613687469519,0.019071550798065,0.0009241117472155651,1.81774608080971e-05 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|ICE|Truck (0-3.5t),million,2.50662399527163,1.26190419342009,0.212420123264255,0.025700307477541,0.003898269841949,0.001988977384131 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|ICE|Truck (12t),million,0.05941019154246,0.050516720323159,0.029021281665514,0.010513985234964,0.003014181858372,0.001176571552102 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|ICE|Truck (12t+),million,0.254465570870231,0.205709522540901,0.104306594450118,0.029042749046801,0.005420787175465,0.001336669666329 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|ICE|Truck (7.5t),million,0.187672436596741,0.129742161876653,0.06023489496583601,0.014903487662157,0.00281294343848,0.0007656538061230221 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line,million,0.0004982875319896281,0.006319044029697,0.034315757585779,0.04850918881585901,0.036493934109215,0.06213709862813901 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV,million,5.578774511832051e-05,0.000381507252679855,0.0008199715506393841,0.000674567623642538,0.015181010394826,0.05239194683080201 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV|Tractor Truck,million,3.39915057040705e-06,1.46199597585503e-05,4.030779024358921e-05,2.63542726561328e-05,4.530980094868129e-06,4.47259939297934e-07 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV|Truck (12t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV|Truck (12t+),million,5.23885945479134e-05,0.000366887292921305,0.0007796637603957941,0.000648213350986406,0.015176479414731,0.052391499570863 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV|Truck (7.5t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE,million,0.000442499786871307,0.005937536777018,0.03349578603514,0.047834621192216,0.021312923714389,0.009745151797336002 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE|Tractor Truck,million,0.000285119346533405,0.004228553118375,0.026003501243476,0.03580590298159701,0.013283530276353,0.005928808533050001 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE|Truck (12t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE|Truck (12t+),million,0.000157380440337902,0.001708983658642,0.007492284791663001,0.012028718210619,0.008029393438035,0.003816343264285 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE|Truck (7.5t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|PHEV,million,0.035308232172613,0.169318158160191,0.098812660186812,0.018867669766279,0.003489890191884,0.00139123317239 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|PHEV|Tractor Truck,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|PHEV|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.030855477264906,0.148177532558073,0.07425735674518401,0.009987642250033001,0.001580348293274,0.000797973536904271 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|PHEV|Truck (12t),million,0.001639273643086,0.008529313284699,0.009956312686941,0.003915383955715,0.001134555682286,0.000404623438760067 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|PHEV|Truck (12t+),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|PHEV|Truck (7.5t),million,0.00281348126462,0.012611312317418,0.014598990754686,0.00496464356053,0.0007749862163243551,0.00018863619672636 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Tractor Truck,million,0.23183365353,0.235096195490001,0.24359512095,0.242644693459999,0.233427848519999,0.22643119287 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Truck (0-3.5t),million,2.76381329919999,3.22800844019998,3.35092118649996,3.39774443400002,3.46994201490002,3.72227201329999 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Truck (12t),million,0.062047380541,0.073547961033,0.086801942991,0.090419988072999,0.09195110783599901,0.095647255647999 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Truck (12t+),million,0.259534348639999,0.265445295049999,0.276949357889999,0.287812202039999,0.285739689499999,0.28004475181 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Truck (7.5t),million,0.194648241549999,0.191309646089999,0.20814965207,0.22756605796,0.239891664059999,0.24430419942 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV,billion EUR2020/yr,87.2720378207745,94.1967030761542,98.3514975625989,100.515685689242,100.860775290947,102.437815462031 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Energy Demand|Transportation|Rail and Bus,billion EUR2020/yr,10.1319130915159,11.7577011817987,13.2104919118254,13.5470452676656,13.5089876932586,13.1960357196361 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck,billion EUR2020/yr,26.6741791081689,33.5697230971413,36.8949002312425,38.602720024338,39.3369379322822,41.6842417637832 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Infrastructure|Transportation|Charge and Fuel|LDV and Truck,billion EUR2020/yr,0.5850040410267,1.94919312796258,4.08996916911264,6.2709042501547,7.03564873006435,7.28265475627425 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Infrastructure|Transportation|Charge and Fuel|Rail and Bus,billion EUR2020/yr,0.5336290950225391,0.7701082047368171,0.9688882136801721,1.09021205811437,1.21042874086577,1.26607582597869 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Transportation,billion EUR2020/yr,125.1967631565085,142.2434286877936,153.5157470884596,160.0265672895147,161.9527783874179,165.8668235277032 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers,Mt CO2/yr,43.7631287963457,44.5906257839178,36.2815107311988,24.9986108430555,0.9964646409363451,1.05512814366672 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers|Aviation,Mt CO2/yr,31.5537018256454,32.5003001680952,26.3950475474418,18.1966301572266,0.7143124880024381,0.735347552250726 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers|Navigation,Mt CO2/yr,12.2094269707003,12.0903256158225,9.88646318375702,6.80198068582892,0.282152152933907,0.319780591416 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation,Mt CO2/yr,128.868368030168,89.5673257990912,41.3816962418744,11.0316353475098,0.216181726362843,0.062906656937395 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|Bus,Mt CO2/yr,2.19556460468517,1.44633689352337,0.8793578786990831,0.387357503206665,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|Domestic Aviation,Mt CO2/yr,2.39116877346544,2.24590028079568,1.60147677179977,0.8386350313586061,0.024731604074748,0.012469655321707 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|Domestic Navigation,Mt CO2/yr,1.06235822033162,0.9491039741992571,0.6503575390199999,0.3485410055127,0.0110762883,0.00613305 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|LDV,Mt CO2/yr,80.7849923299789,55.5204736710284,25.1770707173024,6.79386660057109,0.110195844416721,0.009842108035284 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|Rail,Mt CO2/yr,0.652430148039102,0.5191665701952091,0.312244163979863,0.108967555508724,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|Truck,Mt CO2/yr,41.7818539536684,28.8863444093491,12.7611891710732,2.55426765135211,0.070177989571372,0.034461843580402 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Freight|Domestic Navigation,bn tkm/yr,60.99755859375,57.6135559082031,54.3339538574218,55.1917572021484,55.9625701904296,55.7999687194824 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Freight|Rail,bn tkm/yr,193.670593261718,187.919570922851,187.069641113281,197.547241210937,209.824111938476,215.365463256835 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Freight|Road,bn tkm/yr,498.725801467895,549.733567237854,575.320399284362,588.427669525146,599.998352050781,613.441877365112 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Bicycling and Walking,bn pkm/yr,71.64042578125,82.50684765625,85.52164453125,87.440630859375,89.475693359375,92.396669921875 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Rail,bn pkm/yr,147.668565387255,169.024003322564,174.137825267132,166.904516314022,160.116162679542,157.296361656814 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Road|Bus,bn pkm/yr,40.348840862744,45.5049029274357,48.9566512953677,47.9848664984775,45.6249154454575,44.0456852181852 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Road|LDV,bn pkm/yr,954.209020233154,943.464357971191,928.143854614257,929.673922729492,933.61475402832,937.383439697265 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers,TWh/yr,168.61975,179.4101876011283,182.3875117945869,184.1052433764972,169.5235780724322,156.1965098857525 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation,TWh/yr,121.9304166666667,131.2580018868425,133.4384191160156,135.2674986145925,122.7159682510039,110.5735298857525 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.4613289307004445,1.393170988249058,3.276281767158611,4.215152711155472,5.661763599910305 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids,TWh/yr,121.9304166666667,130.7966729561419,132.0452481277664,131.9912168474339,118.5008155398483,104.9117662858422 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,2.410793078961667,6.602512983047749,19.80678721916494,31.67789204338417,50.95535068213472,52.45588314292111 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,1.307966729561419,13.20452481277664,32.99780421185833,67.54546485771333,52.45588314292111 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,119.519623587705,122.8861932435328,99.03393609582471,67.3155205921911,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.4613289307004445,1.393170988249058,3.276281767158611,4.215152711155472,5.661763599910305 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Liquids,TWh/yr,168.61975,178.9488586704278,180.9943408063378,180.8289616093386,165.3084253612769,150.5347462858422 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,3.333928788151,9.033197373982556,27.14915112095067,43.39895078624111,71.08262290534888,75.2673731429211 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,1.789488586704278,18.09943408063377,45.20724040233445,94.22580245592776,75.2673731429211 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,165.2858212118489,168.1261727097411,135.7457556047533,92.22277042076277,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Liquids|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation,TWh/yr,46.68933333333334,48.15218571428555,48.94909267857139,48.83774476190472,46.80760982142834,45.62298 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Gases,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids,TWh/yr,46.68933333333334,48.15218571428555,48.94909267857139,48.83774476190472,46.80760982142834,45.62298 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.9231357091893333,2.4306843909348,7.342363901785695,11.72105874285714,20.12727222321428,22.81149 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.4815218571428556,4.894909267857139,12.20943619047619,26.68033759821428,22.81149 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,45.76619762414389,45.23997946620806,36.71181950892833,24.90724982857142,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation,TWh/yr,552.0093475159333,457.1895638212916,344.0813472272027,267.8808155025419,224.3424930738344,210.6535775412378 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus,TWh/yr,10.5511275,9.430079999999998,8.176148715415,7.034948260869555,5.366029565217389,4.7386 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.7327171874999999,1.473449999999997,1.703364315711461,1.884361141304347,2.235845652173911,1.974416666666666 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Gases,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,1.025804062499997,2.062829999999997,2.384710041996045,2.638105597826086,3.130183913043472,2.764183333333333 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Liquids,TWh/yr,8.792606249999972,5.893799999999971,4.0880743577075,2.512481521739128,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.5847083156249971,0.4302473999999972,0.4006312870553333,0.4547591554347805,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.05893799999999972,0.40880743577075,0.6281203804347805,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,8.207897934374971,5.404614599999999,3.278635634881417,1.429601985869564,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Liquids|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation,TWh/yr,9.239999999999974,9.371571428571418,9.001303768133084,8.37600143158486,6.974840861491111,5.515027606188139 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Gases,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.3329999999999972,0.9896721420460444,2.29287190026625,2.871993295908083,3.735986442901639 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Liquids,TWh/yr,9.239999999999974,9.038571428571416,8.011631626087027,6.083129531318611,4.102847565583,1.7790411632865 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.18269213424,0.45625996332,1.201744743913056,1.459951087516469,1.764224453200692,0.88952058164325 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.09038571428571417,0.8011631626087027,1.520782382829656,2.338623112382314,0.88952058164325 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,9.057307865759999,8.491925750965695,6.008723719565277,3.1023960609725,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Liquids|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation,TWh/yr,4.0625,4.074,3.7835,3.44575,3.12375,2.7125 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Gases,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.294,0.5635,0.94325,1.28625,1.8375 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Liquids,TWh/yr,4.0625,3.78,3.22,2.5025,1.8375,0.875 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.08032324625000001,0.19081142136,0.483,0.6006,0.790125,0.4375 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0378,0.322,0.625625,1.047375,0.4375 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,3.98217675375,3.55138857864,2.415,1.276275,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Liquids|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Electricity,TWh/yr,30.50386516124222,78.49819970940888,126.2574053209461,150.5697665998964,161.516298962992,168.2067042854122 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases,TWh/yr,18.99849265529508,30.97009427553417,22.30523399054022,7.244200803559528,0.6882789609938639,0.2090637272193922 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,2.84977389829425,4.645514141330111,3.345785098581028,1.086630120533928,0.1032418441490797,0.03135955908290861 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,16.1487187570008,26.32458013420406,18.95944889195917,6.157570683025583,0.5850371168447833,0.1777041681364836 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,1.225288801066167,3.884820481269306,19.7301243561255,45.27901655969222,46.03136067390778,38.32910980986805 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV,TWh/yr,340.7511642851694,278.4094558575083,203.49161075539,144.012027077,111.001917941,101.08722189 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Electricity,TWh/yr,17.289297669,49.534914447,75.974511866,86.32323194,86.376763498,84.11654771900001 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Gases,TWh/yr,3.781851281,4.850623145999999,2.742308042,1.274322402,0.317653186,0.026775574 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.508551525,9.516438246,13.371188497,15.259345897,16.154391295 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Liquids,TWh/yr,319.6800153351695,223.51536673951,115.25835260139,43.043284238,9.048155359999999,0.789507302 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,21.2587210197888,16.31662177198422,11.29531855493619,7.790834447078,3.8907068048,0.394753651 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,2.2351536673951,11.525835260139,10.7608210595,5.157448555199999,0.394753651 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,298.4212943153806,204.9635913001306,92.43719878631471,24.49162873142197,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Liquids|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids,TWh/yr,501.2817008983278,343.8364493550806,175.788583559592,64.78783153939361,16.10655447594067,3.908699718737972 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,32.71363224022889,24.81137647331525,17.81132603339653,12.23314965097803,6.925818424654472,1.954349859368989 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,3.438364493550805,17.57885835595919,16.19695788484839,9.180736051286168,1.954349859368989 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,468.5680686580999,315.5867083882139,140.3983991702361,36.35772400356694,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail,TWh/yr,13.46724657879369,14.05778052084361,14.12766033685889,13.57197610102047,12.9333071953378,12.61651975913644 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Electricity,TWh/yr,10.65496630458461,11.4343277109965,11.858767028581,11.79028656707764,11.61503526747036,11.33516611294525 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Freight,TWh/yr,4.476142334288361,4.044025857439361,3.832427277256167,3.835824961764139,3.858846639644167,3.829660586796277 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Gases,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.1994847385661675,0.5078572351795222,0.8172916441200555,1.074903251456167,1.318271927867436,1.281353646191211 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Liquids,TWh/yr,2.612795535642919,2.115595574667589,1.451601664157842,0.7067862824866611,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.1737509031202542,0.1544384769507339,0.1422569630874684,0.1279283171300855,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.02115595574667583,0.1451601664157842,0.1766965706216653,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,2.439044632522666,1.940001141970178,1.164184534654589,0.4021613947349084,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Liquids|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Passenger,TWh/yr,8.991104244505333,10.01375466340422,10.29523305960272,9.736151139256306,9.074460555693639,8.786859172340167 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck,TWh/yr,173.9373091519703,141.8466760143689,105.5011236514067,91.44011263206694,84.94264751078805,83.98370828591332 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Electricity,TWh/yr,1.826884000157839,16.05550755141236,36.72076211065361,50.57188695151444,61.28865454534778,70.78057378680028 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Gases,TWh/yr,15.21664137429508,26.11947112953417,19.56292594854022,5.969878401559527,0.3706257749938639,0.1822881532193922 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.1785817210897981,5.458512281963362,24.95869731314383,22.16531564008886,12.55569509244211 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Liquids,TWh/yr,156.8937837775172,99.49311561233249,43.75892331024944,9.939649965849194,1.118051550357672,0.465151253451475 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,10.43343662120489,7.262997439700277,4.288374484404445,1.799076643818703,0.4807621666537972,0.2325756267257386 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.994931156123325,4.375892331024945,2.4849124914623,0.6372893837038722,0.2325756267257386 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,146.4603471563122,91.23518701650887,35.09465649482,5.655660830568167,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Liquids|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation,billion EUR2020/yr,96.63937336782907,108.4011940109762,106.7817488697076,107.4513063481426,110.2996054218632,113.2709019950104 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Bus,billion EUR2020/yr,1.95853391434733,2.296812549581928,1.913652211418575,1.91642574109956,2.198980938922533,1.396563783442876 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Bus|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.7496361185017425,1.041169766145148,0.8742079337205295,0.9006561907758793,1.038145507645827,0.6593219578485684 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Bus|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.8382294779610396,1.16421710214412,0.977523416796592,1.007097376958483,1.160835431276699,0.7372418255943086 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Bus|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,0.3706683178845461,0.09142568129264708,0.0619208609014574,0.00867217336520172,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Domestic Aviation,billion EUR2020/yr,0.3763472205826233,0.3591910570434507,0.2771682175016291,0.2443080144573372,0.1345755329211432,0.1956885099606726 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0100781950953678,0.08330987293849737,0.1650757121018629,0.2320239003887942,0.1345755329211432,0.1956885099606726 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Domestic Navigation,billion EUR2020/yr,0.2118407040023032,0.227595603944716,0.1695250156564927,0.1696012499999992,0.1352107065217384,0.2311694836956513 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.01994086956521736,0.1450666304347824,0.1605722010869563,0.1696012499999992,0.1352107065217384,0.2311694836956513 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1918998344370858,0.0825289735099336,0.0089528145695364,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV,billion EUR2020/yr,67.02311625543464,72.03020051182014,70.60430295069948,71.18695610825358,72.8780504863603,74.68254191225556 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,4.596561554921774,7.547637653445798,7.041296331442394,5.202451614425186,3.388659647017716,1.572840796439012 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,21.1837229054692,52.04455175109224,62.72037687682486,63.82425199414956,62.63353791044642,62.39229233800794 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,4.045458843942532,6.389713271587984,5.597161124004558,3.975155678781226,2.07775363916907,0.4203017460511966 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,2.29795620737141,6.190083229254076,7.320651650099416,10.24109275709323,12.29024957424758 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|FCEV|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.5415225851146153,1.300645998170251,1.225260479532254,1.310906007848646,1.152539050387814 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,42.2823447165363,12.21639143242215,0.1776521700327418,0.0139664623883818,0.003419818820586,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|PHEV,billion EUR2020/yr,3.557048633429058,5.471301120934336,1.51619067458779,0.0280860016162438,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|PHEV|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,0.551102710979242,0.6164017967431996,0.1434892092675806,0.00203545611170384,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Rail,billion EUR2020/yr,2.6471491685,3.178194169813614,2.841186460892551,2.22022838752193,1.94274364618791,1.689557688869501 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Rail|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,2.430024908975505,2.876927293314039,2.515627467119195,1.908951492387257,1.652769440677351,1.537956232643796 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Rail|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1905998917921762,0.2910619016975566,0.324070308453262,0.3112768951346674,0.2899742055105619,0.151601456225711 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Rail|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0265243677323226,0.01020497480201028,0.00148868532008856,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck,billion EUR2020/yr,25.93324694688248,29.44320728162046,31.01466521251184,31.51422319642304,32.838088398453,35.13173731125204 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,1.816525685571807,2.764607484787358,2.349402150155474,1.205077104395395,-0.3015895060490136,-2.180718522025896 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,10.90802349972497,23.06107663891568,27.33426220342724,29.2114722039131,31.67630935740842,34.26390779019958 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|BEV|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,1.601554395817152,2.662073662764794,2.22261728912217,1.196046834439638,-0.2308153387279204,-2.070885484997286 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0001912329473843803,0.2173771075629498,1.867795741821078,2.217964140489094,1.106556853170757,0.8468616901674251 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|FCEV|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,7.324541589455151e-05,0.0273873314687984,0.114156822173103,0.008768340456723,-0.070779957562851,-0.1098330668514854 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,13.74350363846353,5.618572810471494,1.719526825055502,0.08135865414824141,0.05512072955033821,0.0209676061389718 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|PHEV,billion EUR2020/yr,1.281528575746585,0.5461807246703091,0.0930804422080302,0.003428197872589337,0.0001014583234655505,2.247460781052776e-07 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|PHEV|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,0.2148980443387576,0.075146490553768,0.0126280388601998,0.0002619294990349616,5.790241758742051e-06,2.982287920549806e-08 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation,billion EUR2020/yr,14.77798686646559,17.05053730525132,18.48248848066691,20.03522135821537,19.59863501818705,19.29013543436934 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Bus,billion EUR2020/yr,0.2380559584611009,0.2820564292933992,0.1834113190568745,0.172682142690868,0.2025186204179214,0.06260413453760316 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Bus|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0996948617989554,0.1208813268400278,0.07860485102437424,0.07400663258180017,0.08679369446482313,0.02683034337325796 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Bus|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1329264823986072,0.1611751024533704,0.1048064680324992,0.09867551010906689,0.1157249259530973,0.0357737911643442 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Bus|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0054346142635374,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Domestic Aviation,billion EUR2020/yr,0.00017291650943699,0.0004252511877682286,0.000688285769210787,0.0009841828812632099,0.0006920361645749957,0.0006885566603879704 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,3.871389645776556e-05,0.0003187633786640839,0.0006355803100281585,0.000977939806934535,0.0006920361645749957,0.0006885566603879704 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Domestic Navigation,billion EUR2020/yr,0.00371294789966984,0.0136998809066764,0.0148810490450134,0.01720585924752776,0.01668426328502332,0.0191117753623184 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.00170434782608688,0.01245949275362268,0.01439227053140064,0.01715177536231808,0.01668426328502332,0.0191117753623184 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,0.00200860007358284,0.001240388153052993,0.0004887785136128498,5.408388520971312e-05,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.9483903464337754,2.66124961676625,3.967935529817486,4.660196412884784,5.076432341482984,5.053163321480838 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.9483903464337754,2.66124961676625,3.967935529817486,4.660196412884784,5.076432341482984,5.053163321480838 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Private,billion EUR2020/yr,0.3546333038219534,0.9778939716567858,1.787095506166302,2.354750330512838,2.479856905738092,2.390758774189216 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Public,billion EUR2020/yr,0.4458049887236796,0.8908776584225229,0.8351484587576309,0.6392717846310326,0.6833943552931032,0.5339925102478457 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Work,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1479520538881428,0.792477986686939,1.345691564893552,1.666174297740908,1.91318108045178,2.12841203704377 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Rail,billion EUR2020/yr,5.449127631161661,5.514407253636576,5.429819713008937,5.309029618821623,5.233258771893925,5.17756930319652 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Rail|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,-0.02532071256211992,-0.036362786767677,-0.03920877969983992,-0.03539404261865316,-0.03092084645223592,-0.008533450140482639 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Rail|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1203104823905743,0.1906372707080288,0.1501638098385806,0.0795954264827324,0.05365511827332769,0.04286102618766708 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Rail|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.00192877029585472,0.00295210325148776,0.00343189223744168,0.0034157999486778,0.00330345029533644,0.00180012547089376 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Rail|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,5.480704666302719e-05,6.558463299428019e-05,9.88794677549669e-06,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Rail|Railtracks,billion EUR2020/yr,5.32683357142857,5.320732906720022,5.27617555301809,5.225980189360972,5.176262363743924,5.132889332922928 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Rail|Railtracks|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Road,billion EUR2020/yr,8.01845199999999,8.020660619547886,8.036872940889985,8.055334504227257,8.073838475765251,8.090155969591175 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Road|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Truck,billion EUR2020/yr,0.098552614067757,0.502452415194329,0.788548507916889,1.196436907951258,0.7181400029720338,0.8906347044906167 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Truck|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.091734614067757,0.4205444151943288,0.3935425079168904,0.2728569079512614,0.5319400029720338,0.432734704490616 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Truck|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.006818,0.0819079999999998,0.3950059999999994,0.923579999999998,0.1862,0.4579 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Transportation|Energiewende,billion EUR2020/yr,7.824266083598413,13.96580307849813,14.49980733319419,12.53808365393693,9.158533813441242,5.463004737218472 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation,billion EUR2020/yr,44.4187092727023,40.9931873868126,35.4042067006914,30.4040578324749,27.4524544993924,26.7177064744799 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Bus,billion EUR2020/yr,0.342724607427631,0.468607523251714,0.5713490804129361,0.5757682885733441,0.564198294556164,0.5377720453331051 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Domestic Aviation,billion EUR2020/yr,0.194486254015849,0.200422023227701,0.199376171749975,0.194053609295392,0.179027455681059,0.163914448605809 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Domestic Navigation,billion EUR2020/yr,0.132367549668874,0.139281279153469,0.142157351353296,0.143136339529945,0.140849104880506,0.143975171861503 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Energy,billion EUR2020/yr,101.320327793411,108.39086620174,80.5421391981452,53.3830240455971,38.5452934584212,35.4495364865557 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Energy|Diesel,billion EUR2020/yr,69.5261861728215,58.6977854813941,28.6107396773723,7.2648352359458,0.699938235297894,0.124086661263652 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Energy|Electricity,billion EUR2020/yr,5.16204651946525,16.2048143150088,25.4588860586906,28.724082563905,30.1046811172451,30.5500368431515 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Energy|Methane,billion EUR2020/yr,2.47122685921197,4.96501048884589,4.2682358074566,1.42772534070319,0.104011408855366,0.031593313236312 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Energy|Other Non-Fossil,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.203506329521326,3.75792190513092,7.88550008404062,6.2296043704115,4.60817557780644 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Energy|Petrol,billion EUR2020/yr,24.160868241913,28.3197495869698,18.4463557494947,8.08088082100248,1.40705832661125,0.135644091097833 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV,billion EUR2020/yr,30.0058958780249,28.3140361135391,25.2648206071023,21.562987350533,19.24440286944,18.6438382081 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,2.043259145952,7.388162974212,12.331000161006,15.148480688412,15.9340228365779,16.14108716058 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.08993539241,1.45715258622,1.984921696644,2.244144124946,2.366209157124 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,26.8729422591859,19.0596462894861,9.92502623456236,3.693773089829,0.778787090958,0.078518049176 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|PHEV,billion EUR2020/yr,1.089694472887,1.776291457431,1.551641625314,0.7358118756479991,0.287448816958,0.058023841219999 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Non-Energy,billion EUR2020/yr,44.4187092727023,40.9931873868126,35.4042067006914,30.4040578324749,27.4524544993924,26.7177064744799 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Rail,billion EUR2020/yr,1.21577675583462,1.32471223992046,1.43390080510274,1.48275014460523,1.49067989265761,1.47237788378323 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck,billion EUR2020/yr,12.5274582277303,10.54612820772,7.79260268497009,6.44536209993803,5.83329688217713,5.75582871679629 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.44003478281585,2.07954091088732,3.4914914999577,4.28957523382701,4.7910297630392,5.19064899476716 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,2.73077292054607e-07,0.033033960784495,0.459879345009238,1.40294342971022,0.9531813979404951,0.518161380387931 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,11.8691017111458,7.9285643689595,3.57871683756463,0.694940176446025,0.085776412653423,0.046987975238643 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|PHEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.218321460691385,0.5049889670887531,0.262515002438515,0.05790325995476001,0.003309308544006,3.03664025560552e-05 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation,billion EUR2020/yr,0.174500826191461,0.5630808393222241,1.35534705173074,2.21861360367347,2.83449221154206,3.15193269756312 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|Bus,billion EUR2020/yr,0.039941266461383,0.063971913779582,0.081649442924242,0.09364520348598,0.10973232498458,0.116931109207505 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|Domestic Aviation,billion EUR2020/yr,6.070107803241231e-05,8.038129319925471e-05,0.000125704034811568,0.000205874949973956,0.000275324989381023,0.000329082541321848 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|Domestic Navigation,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0009192190949227371,0.001751847386185,0.003049039455162,0.004513347690117,0.006010817576862001,0.007622866277953001 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.085987297283153,0.428208458453415,1.18444589548669,2.02419265944874,2.61685346834081,2.9236101916818 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.085987297283153,0.428208458453415,1.18444589548669,2.02419265944874,2.61685346834081,2.9236101916818 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Private,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Public,billion EUR2020/yr,0.044002926785824,0.119012538181321,0.210605171237196,0.258874543929278,0.257859660787831,0.229789007417479 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Work,billion EUR2020/yr,0.041984370497329,0.309195920272094,0.9738407242495021,1.76531811551946,2.35899380755298,2.69382118426432 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|Rail,billion EUR2020/yr,0.047592342273968,0.06213143457861801,0.076957506420258,0.08475439508207801,0.08813549302684001,0.08995466523095601 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|Truck,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.006936803831224,0.009119463409568,0.011302123016576,0.013484782623584,0.013484782623583 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|Truck|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.006936803831224,0.009119463409568,0.011302123016576,0.013484782623584,0.013484782623583 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV,million,3.281402,3.27115,2.953608,3.023161,3.110309,3.217881 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|BEV,million,0.708934,2.258445,2.752889,2.672556,2.649733,2.640288 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Compact Car,million,0.190492,0.499363,0.733887,0.6588149999999999,0.654454,0.656835 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Large Car and SUV,million,0.125902,0.327291,0.362437,0.371491,0.382463,0.395782 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Midsize Car,million,0.3925400000000001,1.431791,1.656565,1.64225,1.612816,1.587671 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|Compact Car,million,0.9124749999999999,0.9096249999999999,0.8213239999999999,0.840665,0.864898,0.8948119999999999 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|FCEV,million,0.0,0.07869799999999999,0.183036,0.35004,0.460486,0.577593 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|FCEV|Compact Car,million,0.0,0.02421,0.087202,0.18184,0.210442,0.237977 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|FCEV|Large Car and SUV,million,0.0,0.01411,0.0001,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|FCEV|Midsize Car,million,0.0,0.040378,0.095734,0.1682,0.250044,0.339616 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|ICE,million,2.561585,0.68506,0.0009910000000000001,0.000351,9e-05,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|ICE|Compact Car,million,0.7219519999999999,0.384504,0.000235,1e-05,2e-06,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|ICE|Large Car and SUV,million,0.2743,0.04588,0.000742,0.000341,8.800000000000001e-05,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|ICE|Midsize Car,million,1.565333,0.254676,1.4e-05,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|Large Car and SUV,million,0.403594,0.402332,0.363279,0.371832,0.382551,0.395782 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|Midsize Car,million,1.965333,1.959193,1.769005,1.810664,1.86286,1.927287 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|PHEV,million,0.010883,0.248947,0.016692,0.000214,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|PHEV|Compact Car,million,3.1e-05,0.001548,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|PHEV|Large Car and SUV,million,0.003392,0.015051,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|PHEV|Midsize Car,million,0.00746,0.232348,0.016692,0.000214,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck,million,0.5054937240680031,0.519641607061997,0.5288557486490151,0.528644973361987,0.551924185534985,0.607740706981016 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|BEV,million,0.252338368388406,0.449181035467164,0.496551073000796,0.509655010848804,0.54261528267401,0.600439751817159 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|BEV|Tractor Truck,million,0.002227039530581,0.014771841144748,0.0212964855261,0.026645610836447,0.03197686894004,0.032962992219688 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|BEV|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.238024778975115,0.395151338295702,0.4247551859356331,0.429129053602855,0.455081055474334,0.511563708529519 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|BEV|Truck (12t),million,0.001287877366324,0.005734797999401,0.007237695662459001,0.008366367541197,0.009156538991294,0.009583664173367 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|BEV|Truck (12t+),million,0.005749391375608001,0.018632933789868,0.02432345126113,0.025507833496313,0.026155803625699,0.025958404506096 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|BEV|Truck (7.5t),million,0.005049281140775,0.014890124237444,0.018938254615471,0.02000614537199,0.02024501564264,0.020370982388486 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|FCEV,million,8.4346504638389e-09,0.001512368985734,0.014297293091851,0.01812575611044,0.008710091264284,0.007127464285871001 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|FCEV|Tractor Truck,million,0.0,0.0009378145889938041,0.008739530918181,0.012768085955962,0.006095453173697,0.004572306828738 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|FCEV|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.0,0.000142107072838821,0.001717031117094,0.001873612337651,0.000692278443024393,0.000571800267600744 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|FCEV|Truck (12t),million,8.4346504638389e-09,0.00010686539562331,0.0009170156693713001,0.000867369019469383,0.000410767583291495,0.000275467781799708 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|FCEV|Truck (12t+),million,0.0,0.000264616769915364,0.002630649692875,0.002473663808665,0.001439738896734,0.001459950488857 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|FCEV|Truck (7.5t),million,0.0,6.09651583630815e-05,0.000293065694328857,0.000143024988691825,7.18531675361355e-05,0.000247938918874955 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|ICE,million,0.221592775624574,0.05995427920679301,0.016360056279951,0.000813882746015802,0.0005987650240343361,0.000173488894893822 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|ICE|Tractor Truck,million,0.036324857899418,0.024444740536257,0.011079150725717,0.000228045537589568,4.879448626117491e-05,3.13915731712505e-08 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|ICE|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.150733424181731,0.022330559181369,0.002002062392642,1.12763295389056e-05,7.04446561588701e-08,3.16799541192369e-09 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|ICE|Truck (12t),million,0.005022896156431001,0.002424352009627,0.0005261576564102971,3.619489957781731e-05,2.28754202110198e-05,1.8361260871316e-05 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|ICE|Truck (12t+),million,0.020570604894391,0.008639045400216,0.002413694435993,0.000416234285021243,0.000457019497566305,0.000155092545046572 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|ICE|Truck (7.5t),million,0.008940992492601,0.002115582079322,0.0003389910691873271,0.000122131694288268,7.000517533967661e-05,5.294073509268001e-10 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV|Tractor Truck,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV|Truck (12t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV|Truck (12t+),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV|Truck (7.5t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE|Tractor Truck,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE|Truck (12t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE|Truck (12t+),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE|Truck (7.5t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|PHEV,million,0.031562571620371,0.008993923402304,0.001647326276415,5.032365672683391e-05,4.65726560045615e-08,1.9830921561582e-09 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|PHEV|Tractor Truck,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|PHEV|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.027909838043155,0.007449449950086001,0.001328262754645,4.85917299418204e-05,2.74379697509442e-08,1.23490055093229e-09 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|PHEV|Truck (12t),million,0.001324091550593,0.000823100277347619,0.000220698050759244,1.62811175572391e-06,1.62902031535182e-08,5.949610917156e-10 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|PHEV|Truck (12t+),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|PHEV|Truck (7.5t),million,0.002328642026623,0.00072137317487,9.83654710116921e-05,1.03815029289527e-07,2.8444831000992e-09,1.532305135103e-10 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Tractor Truck,million,0.03855189743,0.040154396269999,0.041115167169999,0.039641742329999,0.03812111659999901,0.037535330439999 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.4166680412000021,0.425073454499997,0.429802542200016,0.431062533999987,0.455773431799985,0.512135513200016 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Truck (12t),million,0.007634873508000001,0.009089115682,0.008901567038999001,0.009271559572000002,0.009590198284999001,0.009877493810999 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Truck (12t+),million,0.026319996269999,0.02753659596,0.029367795389999,0.028397731589999,0.02805256202,0.02757344754 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Truck (7.5t),million,0.01631891566,0.01778804465,0.019668676849999,0.020271405869999,0.020386876829999,0.020618921989999 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV,million,44.9118523799999,45.0390647699999,43.71612325,42.33386,41.812609,42.351966 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|BEV,million,2.91997,10.368409,21.698999,30.85649,35.293184,36.318005 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Compact Car,million,1.090339,2.617125,5.592312,7.898783,8.950714,9.093111 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Large Car and SUV,million,0.241463,1.522236,3.136657,4.338683,4.928053999999999,5.176806 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Midsize Car,million,1.588168,6.229048,12.97003,18.619024,21.414416,22.048088 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|Compact Car,million,12.48885975,12.5242335999999,12.15636158,11.771978,11.627034,11.777022 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|FCEV,million,0.0,0.09308799999999999,1.280467,2.518187,4.113358,5.706328 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|FCEV|Compact Car,million,0.0,0.0243,0.415964,1.066722,1.892363,2.585613 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|FCEV|Large Car and SUV,million,0.0,0.022671,0.075552,0.06668299999999999,0.040009,0.011665 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|FCEV|Midsize Car,million,0.0,0.046117,0.788951,1.384782,2.180986,3.10905 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|ICE,million,40.83242838,32.73858477,18.63366725,7.572755,1.773502,0.177371 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|ICE|Compact Car,million,11.32536175,9.8094526,6.07772158,2.769387,0.767817,0.094014 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|ICE|Large Car and SUV,million,5.11677393,3.79381371,2.01079956999999,0.723247,0.146506,0.015172 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|ICE|Midsize Car,million,24.3902927,19.13531846,10.5451461,4.080121,0.8591789999999999,0.068185 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|Large Car and SUV,million,5.52392093,5.53956571,5.37685257,5.20685,5.142734,5.209067 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|Midsize Car,million,26.8990717,26.97526546,26.1829091,25.355032,25.042841,25.365877 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|PHEV,million,1.159454,1.838983,2.10299,1.386428,0.6325649999999999,0.150262 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|PHEV|Compact Car,million,0.073159,0.07335599999999999,0.070364,0.037086,0.01614,0.004284 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|PHEV|Large Car and SUV,million,0.165684,0.200845,0.153844,0.078237,0.028165,0.005424 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|PHEV|Midsize Car,million,0.920611,1.564782,1.878782,1.271105,0.58826,0.140554 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck,million,3.51187692346099,3.99340753786298,4.16641726040096,4.24618737553302,4.32095232481602,4.56869941304799 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|BEV,million,0.239287022688118,1.96621090557436,3.4937427395386,3.99668603857882,4.19300508398726,4.49974492910865 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|BEV|Tractor Truck,million,0.001572680881659,0.02842926695274,0.09735416893714001,0.136826866868201,0.170250581800229,0.192798443680286 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|BEV|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.227530254238972,1.81666381200783,3.05758533741035,3.35117335106741,3.45318812980726,3.71587020151624 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|BEV|Truck (12t),million,0.001005428701453,0.014468222911467,0.04604465423095901,0.07076641186863,0.08196302615767201,0.090354756608679 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|BEV|Truck (12t+),million,0.004931080255107001,0.057572145469453,0.15986096394468,0.231868783946746,0.253266703610033,0.259168104082545 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|BEV|Truck (7.5t),million,0.004247578610926,0.04907745823287,0.132897615015464,0.206050624827831,0.234336642612061,0.241553423220903 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|FCEV,million,0.0,0.000692434460028939,0.02523243289829,0.119606242478848,0.114545821380798,0.06384988991601301 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|FCEV|Tractor Truck,million,0.0,0.00031994223227643,0.015722212205225,0.075622144479215,0.062141252100574,0.03346901283127 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|FCEV|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.0,3.81989347613887e-05,0.002909087722134,0.015561062228581,0.015825132370532,0.006371282341523001 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|FCEV|Truck (12t),million,0.0,0.000100787501976698,0.001696198463784,0.007008195029114,0.008702992851366,0.005054505282873 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|FCEV|Truck (12t+),million,0.0,0.000190389357611858,0.004161514011115,0.019303010232617,0.025494426808549,0.017036421493888 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|FCEV|Truck (7.5t),million,0.0,4.311643340256281e-05,0.0007434204960299241,0.002111830509318,0.002382017249776,0.001918667966457 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|ICE,million,3.23915222957579,1.86226347896549,0.548782262168198,0.111418549909432,0.011906571477719,0.005064706168358001 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|ICE|Tractor Truck,million,0.23026097264834,0.206346986304984,0.130518739807633,0.030195682112582,0.001036014619195,0.000163736358443949 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|ICE|Truck (0-3.5t),million,2.50748305810034,1.26815582605725,0.216369251705055,0.021015886338471,0.000337430369014223,3.18791640884794e-06 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|ICE|Truck (12t),million,0.05923853991370501,0.05038061886905901,0.028948583675923,0.009026189195165001,0.000981250036254058,0.000235727364692637 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|ICE|Truck (12t+),million,0.254603268384892,0.207682760222934,0.112926879934204,0.036640407860635,0.006978559081416,0.003840226233565 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|ICE|Truck (7.5t),million,0.187566390528513,0.129697287511257,0.060018807045381,0.014540384402578,0.002573317371839,0.000821828295247455 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV|Tractor Truck,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV|Truck (12t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV|Truck (12t+),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV|Truck (7.5t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE|Tractor Truck,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE|Truck (12t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE|Truck (12t+),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE|Truck (7.5t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|PHEV,million,0.033437671197083,0.164240718863103,0.09865982579587301,0.018476544565922,0.001494847970243,3.988785497165411e-05 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|PHEV|Tractor Truck,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|PHEV|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.028799986860681,0.143150603200137,0.074057509662416,0.00999413436556,0.000591322353213375,2.73415258254148e-05 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|PHEV|Truck (12t),million,0.001803411925841,0.008598331750496001,0.010112506620331,0.003619191980088,0.000303838790706993,2.26639175443794e-06 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|PHEV|Truck (12t+),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|PHEV|Truck (7.5t),million,0.002834272410559,0.012491783912469,0.014489809513124,0.004863218220272,0.000599686826323431,1.02799373918013e-05 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Tractor Truck,million,0.231833653529999,0.23509619549,0.243595120949999,0.242644693459999,0.233427848519999,0.22643119287 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Truck (0-3.5t),million,2.76381329919999,3.22800844019998,3.35092118649996,3.39774443400002,3.46994201490002,3.72227201329999 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Truck (12t),million,0.062047380541,0.073547961033,0.08680194299099901,0.090419988072999,0.09195110783599901,0.095647255647999 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Truck (12t+),million,0.259534348639999,0.26544529505,0.27694935789,0.287812202039999,0.285739689499999,0.280044751809999 -Aladin v1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Truck (7.5t),million,0.194648241549999,0.191309646089999,0.20814965207,0.22756605796,0.23989166406,0.244304199419999 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV,billion EUR2020/yr,87.3245301934088,94.0886198505731,96.7833520856911,97.0524354001368,95.5727294797558,96.1538493347916 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Energy Demand|Transportation|Rail and Bus,billion EUR2020/yr,5.65248618165543,6.57509840454389,7.38443737728513,7.54171150844222,7.49899444701853,7.30512037633395 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck,billion EUR2020/yr,26.6024379385252,33.3951138990115,36.6714278854836,38.3946362766111,38.661546717438,40.4781113920174 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Infrastructure|Transportation|Charge and Fuel|LDV and Truck,billion EUR2020/yr,0.625165270862655,2.21957857653239,4.58483853538225,6.54483743675174,7.5856193332187,8.00876613256707 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Infrastructure|Transportation|Charge and Fuel|Rail and Bus,billion EUR2020/yr,0.250077575488863,0.361142627013753,0.456716087783075,0.5177501621829921,0.5781534589989851,0.605140201114444 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Transportation,billion EUR2020/yr,120.4546971599409,136.6395533576746,145.8807719716252,150.0513707841249,149.89704343643,152.5509874368244 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers,Mt CO2/yr,43.7631287963457,44.7543840856405,36.679348539482,25.6438625178237,1.03276259752121,1.111820191416 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers|Aviation,Mt CO2/yr,31.5537018256454,32.6640584698179,26.792885355725,18.8418818319948,0.7506104445873051,0.7920396 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers|Navigation,Mt CO2/yr,12.2094269707003,12.0903256158225,9.88646318375702,6.80198068582892,0.282152152933907,0.319780591416 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation,Mt CO2/yr,128.429639404113,88.2750594873448,40.2646957142344,11.4598380368453,0.262781279814934,0.109023295283356 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|Bus,Mt CO2/yr,2.19556460468517,1.44633689352337,0.8793578786990831,0.387357503206665,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|Domestic Aviation,Mt CO2/yr,2.39116877346544,2.3641055587323,1.88409031976444,1.2902077405517,0.04946320814949701,0.049878621286831 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|Domestic Navigation,Mt CO2/yr,1.06235822033162,1.0545599713325,0.812946923775,0.536216931558,0.0221525766,0.0245322 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|LDV,Mt CO2/yr,80.3945970984622,54.1513331665802,24.0610687638487,6.32255641522407,0.109387195464401,0.011845942393406 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|Rail,Mt CO2/yr,0.652430148039102,0.5191665701952091,0.312244163979863,0.108967555508724,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|Truck,Mt CO2/yr,41.7335205591294,28.7395573269812,12.3149876641673,2.81453189079623,0.08177829960103601,0.022766531603118 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Freight|Domestic Navigation,bn tkm/yr,60.99755859375,57.6135559082031,54.3339538574218,55.1917572021484,55.9625701904296,55.7999687194824 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Freight|Rail,bn tkm/yr,193.670593261718,187.919570922851,187.069641113281,197.547241210937,209.824111938476,215.365463256835 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Freight|Road,bn tkm/yr,498.725801467895,549.733567237854,575.320399284362,588.427669525146,599.998352050781,613.441877365112 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Bicycling and Walking,bn pkm/yr,71.64042578125,82.50684765625,85.52164453125,87.440630859375,89.475693359375,92.396669921875 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Rail,bn pkm/yr,147.668565387255,169.024003322564,174.137825267132,166.904516314022,160.116162679542,157.296361656814 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Road|Bus,bn pkm/yr,40.348840862744,45.5049029274357,48.9566512953677,47.9848664984775,45.6249154454575,44.0456852181852 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Road|LDV,bn pkm/yr,954.209020233154,943.464357971191,928.143854614257,929.673922729492,933.61475402832,937.383439697265 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers,TWh/yr,168.61975,179.6079,182.984585075265,185.5093641338511,171.3300720914989,158.62298 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation,TWh/yr,121.9304166666667,131.4557142857142,134.0354923966936,136.6716193719461,124.5224622700705,113.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids,TWh/yr,121.9304166666667,131.4557142857142,134.0354923966936,136.6716193719461,124.5224622700705,113.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,2.410793078961667,6.63578087004,20.10532385950405,32.80118864926694,53.54465877613028,56.5 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,1.314557142857142,13.40354923966936,34.16790484298639,70.97780349394,56.5 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,119.519623587705,123.5053762728169,100.5266192975203,69.7025258796925,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Liquids,TWh/yr,168.61975,179.6079,182.984585075265,185.5093641338511,171.3300720914989,158.62298 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,3.333928788151,9.066465260974777,27.44768776128975,44.52224739212417,73.67193099934444,79.31149 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,1.796079,18.2984585075265,46.37734103346278,97.65814109215444,79.31149 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,165.2858212118489,168.745355739025,137.2384388064486,94.60977570826388,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Liquids|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation,TWh/yr,46.68933333333334,48.15218571428555,48.94909267857139,48.83774476190472,46.80760982142834,45.62298 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Gases,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids,TWh/yr,46.68933333333334,48.15218571428555,48.94909267857139,48.83774476190472,46.80760982142834,45.62298 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.9231357091893333,2.4306843909348,7.342363901785695,11.72105874285714,20.12727222321428,22.81149 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.4815218571428556,4.894909267857139,12.20943619047619,26.68033759821428,22.81149 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,45.76619762414389,45.23997946620806,36.71181950892833,24.90724982857142,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation,TWh/yr,549.2175134734583,452.1223297428444,330.6602920022333,248.382387932567,210.3577678398441,201.6339777914619 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus,TWh/yr,10.25804062499997,8.8407,7.494802989130416,6.281203804347806,4.471691304347805,3.948833333333333 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Electricity,TWh/yr,1.465434375,2.946899999999972,3.406728631422916,3.768722282608695,4.471691304347805,3.948833333333333 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Gases,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Liquids,TWh/yr,8.792606249999972,5.893799999999971,4.0880743577075,2.512481521739128,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.5847083156249971,0.4302473999999972,0.4006312870553333,0.4547591554347805,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.05893799999999972,0.40880743577075,0.6281203804347805,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,8.207897934374971,5.404614599999999,3.278635634881417,1.429601985869564,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Liquids|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation,TWh/yr,9.239999999999974,9.514285714285693,9.425448971867084,9.358660817413277,8.205695131166,7.116164653146 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Gases,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Liquids,TWh/yr,9.239999999999974,9.514285714285693,9.425448971867084,9.358660817413277,8.205695131166,7.116164653146 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.18269213424,0.4802736456,1.413817345780064,2.246078596179186,3.528448906401361,3.558082326573 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.09514285714285695,0.9425448971867083,2.339665204353319,4.677246224764611,3.558082326573 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,9.057307865759999,8.938869211542833,7.069086728900305,4.77291701688075,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Liquids|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation,TWh/yr,4.0625,4.199999999999999,4.025,3.85,3.675,3.5 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Gases,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Liquids,TWh/yr,4.0625,4.199999999999999,4.025,3.85,3.675,3.5 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.08032324625000001,0.2120126904,0.60375,0.9239999999999999,1.58025,1.75 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.042,0.4025,0.9624999999999999,2.09475,1.75 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,3.98217675375,3.9459873096,3.01875,1.9635,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Liquids|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Electricity,TWh/yr,32.00562482935445,82.3111775760125,135.7862665530011,171.3690575992128,185.3743630178128,188.6477140533211 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases,TWh/yr,14.75104022765992,29.71998368668722,19.10343177939961,4.739004756561861,0.697250379230211,0.118787178861317 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,2.212656034148989,4.457997553003084,2.865514766909917,0.7108507134842778,0.1045875568845314,0.0178180768291975 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,12.53838419351092,25.26198613368427,16.23791701248967,4.028154043077583,0.5926628223456778,0.1009691020321192 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0008797450895280556,0.1175089594781244,0.2397888474432967,0.03786360386988083,0.009074279453348611 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV,TWh/yr,339.8210613461694,274.64049504851,194.26770931639,132.962733927,102.314099273,94.317762954 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Electricity,TWh/yr,17.93586787,51.29510601,79.119145564,90.48781356799999,93.09901112600001,93.36228412 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Gases,TWh/yr,3.661416158,4.503745269,2.62312579,1.246377355,0.342563257,0.040113672 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Liquids,TWh/yr,318.2237773181694,218.84164376951,112.52543796239,41.228543004,8.87252489,0.9153651620000001 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,21.16188119165831,15.97543999517422,11.02749292031422,7.462366283724,3.8151857027,0.457682581 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,2.1884164376951,11.252543796239,10.307135751,5.0573391873,0.457682581 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,297.0618961265111,200.6777873366406,90.24540124583666,23.459040969276,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Liquids|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids,TWh/yr,502.4608484164444,340.0902887350555,175.6530847103553,72.03453672934889,24.24829083893141,12.85840227982595 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,32.79204555018333,24.51773455651622,17.91342564815189,13.81756213623953,10.4267650607405,6.429201139912973 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,3.400902887350556,17.56530847103553,18.00863418233725,13.82152577819089,6.429201139912973 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,469.6688028662583,312.1716512911889,140.1743505911678,40.20834041077195,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail,TWh/yr,13.38745268336725,13.8546376267718,13.80074367921089,13.142014800438,12.40599842419083,12.10397830065997 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Electricity,TWh/yr,10.77465714772431,11.73904205210422,12.34914201505303,12.43522851795133,12.40599842419083,12.10397830065997 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Freight,TWh/yr,4.476142334288361,4.023568892110139,3.79340321281425,3.776377290851083,3.778244098868305,3.749667676367111 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Gases,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Liquids,TWh/yr,2.612795535642919,2.115595574667589,1.451601664157842,0.7067862824866611,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.1737509031202542,0.1544384769507339,0.1422569630874684,0.1279283171300855,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.02115595574667583,0.1451601664157842,0.1766965706216653,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,2.439044632522666,1.940001141970178,1.164184534654589,0.4021613947349084,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Liquids|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Passenger,TWh/yr,8.91131034907886,9.83106873466164,10.00734046639661,9.365637509586888,8.627754325322528,8.35431062429286 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck,TWh/yr,172.4484588189214,141.072211353278,101.6465870456356,82.78777458336778,79.28528370713944,80.64723855032248 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Electricity,TWh/yr,1.829665436630131,16.33012951390828,40.911250342525,64.67729323065278,75.39766216327418,79.23261829932777 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Gases,TWh/yr,11.08962406965992,25.21623841768739,16.48030598939961,3.492627401561861,0.3546871222302083,0.07867350686131694 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0008797450895280556,0.1175089594781244,0.2397888474432967,0.03786360386988083,0.009074279453348611 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Liquids,TWh/yr,159.5291693126317,99.52496367659278,44.13752175423278,14.37806510370992,3.495070817765416,1.326872464679947 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,10.60868975929,7.265322348391277,4.325477131914806,2.602429783771497,1.502880451639128,0.6634362323399722 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.9952496367659278,4.413752175423277,3.594516275927472,1.992190366126286,0.6634362323399722 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,148.9204795533414,91.26439169143555,35.39829244689444,8.181119044010945,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Liquids|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation,billion EUR2020/yr,96.61931606126771,106.4841984236696,103.4967116094031,102.9968159743128,104.5882859990934,106.5165573328973 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Bus,billion EUR2020/yr,1.869940554888035,2.173765213582957,1.810336728342519,1.809984554916962,2.076291015291662,1.318643915697138 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Bus|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,1.499272237003482,2.082339532290302,1.748415867441054,1.801312381551759,2.076291015291662,1.318643915697138 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Bus|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Bus|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,0.3706683178845461,0.09142568129264708,0.0619208609014574,0.00867217336520172,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Domestic Aviation,billion EUR2020/yr,0.3784564403512521,0.3791328216360797,0.3278905430583451,0.2928217623920772,0.1116657449813948,0.06266720111824524 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Domestic Navigation,billion EUR2020/yr,0.2085885761589401,0.2021316225165559,0.1267591059602645,0.1086506622516551,0.1014072847682119,0.09503311258278128 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,0.2085885761589401,0.2021316225165559,0.1267591059602645,0.1086506622516551,0.1014072847682119,0.09503311258278128 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV,billion EUR2020/yr,67.28775791872202,70.61754083502524,67.34694276950256,67.24672682699413,68.18095445558542,69.4159318280311 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,4.664726277890358,5.906350035131912,3.778694510149724,1.262706130614126,-1.308438712466902,-3.693776883079866 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,23.25051663912276,54.9347940334508,65.45360181717385,67.23503995734748,68.17497491458211,69.41138310682382 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,4.10878255610819,5.387242751786104,3.631751391994566,1.262706130614126,-1.308438712466902,-3.693776883079866 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|FCEV|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,40.3554256868206,10.66658298747348,0.1583512934369436,0.011686869646666,0.0059795410033074,0.0045487212072718 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|PHEV,billion EUR2020/yr,3.681815592778612,5.016163814100934,1.734989658891786,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|PHEV|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,0.5559437217821666,0.5191072833458092,0.1469431181551566,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Rail,billion EUR2020/yr,2.627904084886922,3.149341261007337,2.809140944626828,2.189645641891511,1.914379521997088,1.67473518929536 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Rail|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,2.601379717154597,3.139136286205332,2.80765225930674,2.189645641891511,1.914379521997088,1.67473518929536 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Rail|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Rail|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0265243677323226,0.01020497480201028,0.00148868532008856,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck,billion EUR2020/yr,25.84724334856526,29.20451857322654,30.86116899991038,31.19420502664904,32.00274796635896,33.99691716066604 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,1.730709365626507,2.532664743894638,2.218623652106952,0.8845815938235928,-1.136742875531788,-3.315518851813776 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,10.81379641924062,22.92731048144272,28.3563950361902,30.3994663695727,31.01831263124198,32.73655053495632 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|BEV|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,1.499687912434054,2.3900789553421,2.076699105935302,0.8207433461749645,-1.285175666369929,-3.480424043210538 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.001059670434143105,0.0216777955128284,0.0038235239532358,0.001469622833885,0.0011567825173674 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|FCEV|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0002301301828660223,0.00161956219046358,7.784559474440361e-05,-8.850404933809015e-05,-0.0002240482124113608 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,13.63953153790985,5.260985953475648,1.191617928706759,0.1243558902669162,0.030896081166228,0.016314055217238 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0063088750990534,0.0121666685421634,0.0087602006620124,0.1337653970677264,0.7384493832113802,1.068961492717529 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0028748283935102,0.0040347505334734,0.0024909811084082,0.03119767776568565,0.147295527293033,0.173217420347011 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0724607890450882,0.4615901765656568,1.190083767508025,0.5142895103684683,0.2046704915089536,0.1674387804302826 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0180155747230858,0.0696301088895664,0.1260052060833708,0.0300295694304554,0.0002879288380515042,-0.008399434713464802 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|PHEV,billion EUR2020/yr,1.315145727270629,0.5414056227662203,0.092634271330513,0.0185043354200084,0.0089497563965488,0.0064955148272486 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|PHEV|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,0.210131050075857,0.0686907989466316,0.0118087967894038,0.0025331548577412,0.0009378387563936486,0.0003112539756290056 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation,billion EUR2020/yr,15.01989564193876,17.81970672780694,18.8494599930346,19.42024494795315,20.13546596418514,19.87089959108672 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Bus,billion EUR2020/yr,0.2048243378614491,0.2417626536800566,0.1572097020487495,0.1480132651636012,0.1735873889296465,0.0536606867465168 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Bus|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1993897235979117,0.2417626536800566,0.1572097020487495,0.1480132651636012,0.1735873889296465,0.0536606867465168 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Bus|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Bus|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0054346142635374,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Domestic Aviation,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0001380064253587489,0.000138840457260592,0.0001233733790996444,0.000112333411404948,5.534910846409016e-05,3.809212058609792e-05 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Domestic Navigation,billion EUR2020/yr,0.00212449411331804,0.00210379874908012,0.00159814201618828,0.00144867549668812,0.00136819352465,0.00129736938925656 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,0.00212449411331804,0.00210379874908012,0.00159814201618828,0.00144867549668812,0.00136819352465,0.00129736938925656 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV,billion EUR2020/yr,1.035643889609445,2.885129877363622,4.296335517881336,5.131642849043954,5.757020925078696,5.924460207947446 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,1.035643889609445,2.885129877363622,4.296335517881336,5.131642849043954,5.757020925078696,5.924460207947446 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Private,billion EUR2020/yr,0.3682623792789942,1.03622571131616,1.871393221297938,2.43219737531305,2.551772069812304,2.48755411857002 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Public,billion EUR2020/yr,0.4961780506504162,0.9647024603315404,0.9076873469330906,0.736230697959663,0.7989773728138199,0.6411372202428612 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Work,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1712034596800376,0.884201705715918,1.517254949650292,1.963214775771234,2.406271482452566,2.795768869134562 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Rail,billion EUR2020/yr,5.474448343723784,5.550770040404258,5.469028492708782,5.344423661440276,5.264179618346165,5.186102753337002 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Rail|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Rail|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1475599652485505,0.229952160727194,0.1928044817758639,0.1184052690500645,0.08787941502090105,0.05319460179904449 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Rail|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Rail|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,5.480704666302719e-05,6.558463299428019e-05,9.88794677549669e-06,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Rail|Railtracks,billion EUR2020/yr,5.32683357142857,5.320732906720022,5.27617555301809,5.225980189360972,5.176262363743924,5.132889332922928 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Rail|Railtracks|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Road,billion EUR2020/yr,8.01845199999999,8.020660619547886,8.036872940889985,8.055334504227257,8.073838475765251,8.090155969591175 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Road|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Truck,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1954824561611152,0.9319167300419244,0.9437644871333077,0.7965389743116975,0.7067602171767624,0.5814782611644378 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Truck|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0943556961211152,0.4451705990739242,0.5437644843573078,0.3964015756396974,0.4656380207847626,0.5745705024604384 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Truck|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.006818,0.032602,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0943087600399996,0.4541441309679998,0.4000000027759996,0.4001373986719996,0.2411221963919994,0.006907758703999201 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Transportation|Energiewende,billion EUR2020/yr,7.981263599982766,12.73010381300273,11.58920232440605,8.343487293944369,4.28152774042177,-0.3951476971113251 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation,billion EUR2020/yr,44.3108430493275,40.7272962335194,34.1001025972918,28.7845737399893,26.2658602056501,25.856350055177 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Bus,billion EUR2020/yr,0.336972849439601,0.451152380799538,0.543095793601663,0.544788335197089,0.53318458307132,0.5078643674851191 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Domestic Aviation,billion EUR2020/yr,0.194486254015849,0.201476633112015,0.204425541252822,0.204756642305784,0.191093509344743,0.166410729966141 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Domestic Navigation,billion EUR2020/yr,0.132367549668874,0.137655215231788,0.137013658940397,0.13202607615894,0.126314155629139,0.119877897350993 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Energy,billion EUR2020/yr,101.161423489452,107.89910154309,79.1757416756203,50.4678169591059,37.1882763958662,34.6221411359517 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Energy|Diesel,billion EUR2020/yr,69.9256901288183,58.9231304546166,29.8543426402322,9.32438566711318,1.54916897760145,0.402155440189838 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Energy|Electricity,billion EUR2020/yr,5.34474255858076,16.7347459621356,26.9071691264664,31.7471294259423,33.7524062404887,34.0009120388374 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Energy|Methane,billion EUR2020/yr,1.91873994812686,4.82118425119216,3.86393900562703,1.02797833462347,0.130258991072067,0.022191595059231 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Energy|Other Non-Fossil,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.000343130848147122,0.039959438709958,0.06955660604880501,0.009316127696002001,0.002178683680784 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Energy|Petrol,billion EUR2020/yr,23.9722508539266,27.4196977442982,18.5103314645847,8.29876692537813,1.74712605900796,0.194703378184497 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV,billion EUR2020/yr,29.9827340125669,28.1087571871951,24.1728569284553,20.166750276882,18.143013889532,17.891294893182 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,2.14198703791799,7.64744143782599,12.700107511761,15.706355034753,16.9976358087,17.7245800812869 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,26.7386818438509,18.6214620486821,9.53242281821036,3.463312299039,0.7130888560049999,0.07021767452 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|PHEV,billion EUR2020/yr,1.102065130798,1.839853700687,1.940326598484,0.9970829430899991,0.432289224827,0.096497137375 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Non-Energy,billion EUR2020/yr,44.3108430493275,40.7272962335194,34.1001025972918,28.7845737399893,26.2658602056501,25.856350055177 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Rail,billion EUR2020/yr,1.21453721483465,1.32087422278047,1.42691786224198,1.47264314638106,1.47753029255204,1.45724584031772 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck,billion EUR2020/yr,12.4497451688016,10.5073805944004,7.61579281279964,6.26360926306442,5.79472377552089,5.71365632687507 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.438067659345892,2.07857724205043,3.70601985486576,4.99867625208373,5.40673164563047,5.43900183271038 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.000171900316423786,0.009971266117683,0.009413356794297001,0.001623663166663,0.000524773481503911 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,11.7774998229317,7.7991278137764,3.04894745026518,0.582445174923496,0.092111454034644,0.02751373680575 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.000238378232773327,0.0009247854862470301,0.001426662482318,0.002171488521486,0.036486969069395,0.105691239126776 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,0.012285733494627,0.11762653888141,0.5887802792969491,0.6094820466769411,0.244608846389466,0.135904838621526 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|PHEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.221653574796541,0.5109523138895661,0.260647299771748,0.061420944064469,0.013161197230253,0.005019906129131 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation,billion EUR2020/yr,0.184522431375377,0.648916811717101,1.58403668416375,2.60912388324356,3.44910112525974,3.98765383934531 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|Bus,billion EUR2020/yr,0.037729051850603,0.05767977166339901,0.07218496161316301,0.08182006420613701,0.094962047602134,0.100485456190411 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|Domestic Aviation,billion EUR2020/yr,6.070107803241231e-05,6.292625116013421e-05,6.39555324069792e-05,6.41803000316337e-05,6.00205359100407e-05,5.095963972837391e-05 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|Domestic Navigation,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0009192190949227371,0.000957620493009565,0.0009573905445180269,0.000926117549668874,0.0008867963576158941,0.0008170069904341419 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.09221081856268801,0.47617374316512,1.33093840032551,2.28780527258437,3.0607243566835,3.59033689740487 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.09221081856268801,0.47617374316512,1.33093840032551,2.28780527258437,3.0607243566835,3.59033689740487 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Private,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Public,billion EUR2020/yr,0.046004890004617,0.128481718558656,0.229897269057413,0.283792256726283,0.288186594695749,0.265066809486405 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Work,billion EUR2020/yr,0.04620592855807101,0.347692024606463,1.10104113126809,2.00401301585809,2.77253776198775,3.32527008791846 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|Rail,billion EUR2020/yr,0.04923930891073101,0.06710594655478701,0.085832228847964,0.09732555808312701,0.104162269821124,0.107657884860411 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|Truck,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0043633318784,0.046936803589624,0.09405974730019201,0.141182690520224,0.188305634259455,0.188305634259456 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|Truck|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.006936803831224,0.014059747264192,0.021182690725824,0.028305634187456,0.028305634187456 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0043633318784,0.0399999997584,0.080000000036,0.1199999997944,0.160000000071999,0.160000000072 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV,million,3.2814,3.271151,2.953604,3.023163,3.110311,3.217881 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|BEV,million,0.834774,2.428878,2.952412,3.022477,3.10999,3.217576 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Compact Car,million,0.215849,0.57169,0.8204400000000001,0.840094,0.864605,0.8945069999999999 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Large Car and SUV,million,0.137683,0.327864,0.362987,0.371719,0.382525,0.395782 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Midsize Car,million,0.481242,1.529324,1.768985,1.810664,1.86286,1.927287 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|Compact Car,million,0.9124749999999999,0.909624,0.8213229999999999,0.8406659999999999,0.864899,0.8948119999999999 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|FCEV,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|FCEV|Compact Car,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|FCEV|Large Car and SUV,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|FCEV|Midsize Car,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|ICE,million,2.43338,0.5994349999999999,0.001192,0.0006860000000000001,0.000321,0.000305 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|ICE|Compact Car,million,0.696595,0.329544,0.000883,0.000572,0.000294,0.000305 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|ICE|Large Car and SUV,million,0.26144,0.0578,0.00029,0.000114,2.7e-05,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|ICE|Midsize Car,million,1.475345,0.212091,1.9e-05,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|Large Car and SUV,million,0.403594,0.402333,0.363277,0.371833,0.382552,0.395782 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|Midsize Car,million,1.965331,1.959194,1.769004,1.810664,1.86286,1.927287 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|PHEV,million,0.013246,0.242838,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|PHEV|Compact Car,million,3.1e-05,0.00839,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|PHEV|Large Car and SUV,million,0.004471,0.016669,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|PHEV|Midsize Car,million,0.008744,0.217779,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck,million,0.5054937240680021,0.519641607061997,0.5288557486490151,0.528644973361985,0.551924185534984,0.607740706981016 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|BEV,million,0.252464255875752,0.450383581614215,0.5065751865139411,0.522771630651523,0.5436335821610511,0.596953919357007 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|BEV|Tractor Truck,million,0.002227039530581,0.014840477308788,0.027757217090198,0.036525881132006,0.03703191620315401,0.036650138464235 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|BEV|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.238211684965673,0.396197502958361,0.425549120862616,0.430408603520417,0.4554194057014521,0.511753810242091 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|BEV|Truck (12t),million,0.001287877366324,0.005743043832264001,0.007907550114289001,0.008986098470174,0.009446722642602,0.009859056822027 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|BEV|Truck (12t+),million,0.005749391375608001,0.018697528432715,0.026172978849646,0.026705849886755,0.021385534854644,0.018089852080133 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|BEV|Truck (7.5t),million,0.004988262637563,0.014905029082086,0.01918831959719,0.020145197642169,0.020350002759197,0.020601061748518 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|FCEV,million,0.0,1.2293846987249e-05,0.000266808118886483,4.767577610959791e-05,2.57429033842755e-05,2.4704525471009e-05 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|FCEV|Tractor Truck,million,0.0,0.0,0.000154836202227461,8.6678365086159e-06,2.83009861298941e-07,2.02488878403757e-08 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|FCEV|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.0,0.0,5.193548738186421e-05,2.33015423580524e-05,1.71998640698079e-05,2.25396234249759e-05 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|FCEV|Truck (12t),million,0.0,1.2293846987249e-05,2.05448411415574e-05,1.04409940323743e-05,7.14647687803128e-06,1.08877840051946e-06 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|FCEV|Truck (12t+),million,0.0,0.0,3.1175212595757e-05,1.71722062000821e-06,3.35811599472497e-08,1.3516179175832e-09 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|FCEV|Truck (7.5t),million,0.0,0.0,8.31637553984269e-06,3.54818259054705e-06,1.07997141519003e-06,1.05452313975573e-06 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|ICE,million,0.219750722322661,0.05739310267708601,0.010844413257078,0.001337605272266,0.000380523979272761,0.000283385667226257 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|ICE|Tractor Truck,million,0.03602667646153401,0.023253617997711,0.005268136817196001,0.000229862599651705,4.6858060660609e-06,3.22375425502869e-07 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|ICE|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.149341730936411,0.02140312738945,0.003014123824175,0.000447638756377317,0.000240265248971346,0.000258408251446254 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|ICE|Truck (12t),million,0.005017912924072001,0.002479446302899,0.000704250608841563,0.000199813695691735,0.000103085659169824,1.24818240885785e-05 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|ICE|Truck (12t+),million,0.020379574662051,0.008107276533022,0.001486179895691,0.000363187872567395,1.83046317341151e-06,8.15749042021762e-08 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|ICE|Truck (7.5t),million,0.008984827338591002,0.002149634454001,0.000371722111173193,9.710234797785491e-05,3.06568018921184e-05,1.20916413617194e-05 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line,million,0.000489211670222932,0.002792091957762,0.009612438492442001,0.004204307371890001,0.007749394701940001,0.010368361884795 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV,million,4.37303420278592e-05,0.000100382506923356,6.920301300926911e-05,0.000758102870204817,0.006214031357814001,0.009160558148042001 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV|Tractor Truck,million,2.90353692171706e-06,6.08293752601354e-06,5.956432229779199e-06,1.15658068226614e-06,1.1334284203402e-07,1.06974719118331e-08 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV|Truck (12t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV|Truck (12t+),million,4.082680510614211e-05,9.42995693973432e-05,6.32465807794899e-05,0.0007569462895225511,0.006213918014972001,0.009160547450570001 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV|Truck (7.5t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE,million,0.000445481328195073,0.002691709450838,0.009543235479432,0.003446204501685,0.001535363344126,0.001207803736752 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE|Tractor Truck,million,0.000295277900961961,0.002054218025974,0.007929020628147,0.00287617418115,0.001084118238076,0.0008848386539796711 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE|Truck (12t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE|Truck (12t+),million,0.000150203427233111,0.0006374914248646961,0.001614214851285,0.0005700303205342821,0.000451245106049991,0.000322965082773249 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE|Truck (7.5t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|PHEV,million,0.032789534199364,0.009060536965945,0.001556902266666,0.000283754290196305,0.000134941789335471,0.000110335546516565 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|PHEV|Tractor Truck,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|PHEV|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.029114625297917,0.007472824152185,0.001187362025843,0.000182990180832975,9.65609854906729e-05,0.000100755083054126 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|PHEV|Truck (12t),million,0.001329083217602,0.000854331699848774,0.0002692214747274141,7.52064121012541e-05,3.32435063496709e-05,4.866386483021689e-06 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|PHEV|Truck (12t+),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|PHEV|Truck (7.5t),million,0.002345825683844,0.000733381113911657,0.000100318766096452,2.5557697262075e-05,5.13729749512782e-06,4.714076979417259e-06 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Tractor Truck,million,0.038551897429999,0.040154396269999,0.041115167169999,0.039641742329999,0.0381211166,0.03753533044 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.4166680412000021,0.425073454499997,0.429802542200016,0.431062533999985,0.455773431799984,0.512135513200016 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Truck (12t),million,0.007634873508000001,0.009089115682,0.008901567038999001,0.009271559571999,0.009590198285,0.009877493811000001 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Truck (12t+),million,0.02631999627,0.02753659596,0.029367795389999,0.028397731589999,0.02805256202,0.027573447539999 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Truck (7.5t),million,0.01631891566,0.01778804465,0.019668676849999,0.020271405869999,0.020386876829999,0.020618921989999 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV,million,44.91185038,45.0390567699999,43.71609425,42.333829,41.812612,42.351975 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|BEV,million,3.103753,11.422706,23.903844,33.982664,39.60933,42.051291 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Compact Car,million,1.130377,2.853415,6.259298,9.135271,10.90475,11.683227 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Large Car and SUV,million,0.260078,1.566751,3.189489,4.375452,4.946135,5.183108 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Midsize Car,million,1.713298,7.00254,14.455057,20.471941,23.758445,25.184956 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|Compact Car,million,12.48885875,12.5242335999999,12.15634758,11.771979,11.627036,11.77702 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|FCEV,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|FCEV|Compact Car,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|FCEV|Large Car and SUV,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|FCEV|Midsize Car,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|ICE,million,40.63940938,31.84283577,17.71775625,6.988039,1.577107,0.15459 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|ICE|Compact Car,million,11.28463375,9.5882696,5.79421858,2.571787,0.6904129999999999,0.08547199999999999 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|ICE|Large Car and SUV,million,5.09487992999999,3.76208671,1.98436856999999,0.711548,0.144252,0.013798 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|ICE|Midsize Car,million,24.2598956999999,18.49247946,9.93916909999999,3.704704,0.7424419999999999,0.05532 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|Large Car and SUV,million,5.52391993,5.53956071,5.37684157,5.20683,5.14273,5.20907 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|Midsize Car,million,26.8990717,26.97526246,26.1829051,25.35502,25.042846,25.365885 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|PHEV,million,1.168688,1.773515,2.094494,1.363126,0.6261749999999999,0.146094 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|PHEV|Compact Car,million,0.073848,0.082549,0.102831,0.06492099999999999,0.031873,0.008321 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|PHEV|Large Car and SUV,million,0.168962,0.210723,0.202984,0.11983,0.052343,0.012164 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|PHEV|Midsize Car,million,0.925878,1.480243,1.788679,1.178375,0.541959,0.125609 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck,million,3.51187692346099,3.99340753786298,4.16641726040096,4.24618737553302,4.32095232481602,4.56869941304799 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|BEV,million,0.237901739425235,1.96751197159736,3.51817481661613,4.0783532734849,4.26441568329086,4.49963297378428 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|BEV|Tractor Truck,million,0.001548664982814,0.028474845155541,0.108730461837479,0.187207464485797,0.219186084615567,0.220482660899512 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|BEV|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.226333826663446,1.81792671422181,3.0641518303036,3.36177024348975,3.46429001078252,3.71934138837774 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|BEV|Truck (12t),million,0.000997915355452145,0.014494396673112,0.04772126204904,0.07580184264522301,0.087662002650603,0.09399297239711801 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|BEV|Truck (12t+),million,0.004859008734883001,0.057659901557534,0.164281958598126,0.245932197510796,0.257038539951733,0.222497166274375 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|BEV|Truck (7.5t),million,0.004162323688638001,0.048956113989356,0.133289303827876,0.207641525353328,0.23623904529044,0.243318785835531 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|FCEV,million,0.0,7.5886585994284e-06,0.0005174441969952731,0.001225163246455,0.000482523162574503,0.000252057593688163 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|FCEV|Tractor Truck,million,0.0,0.0,0.000207162609281135,0.000533420921882788,2.95909007675808e-05,1.09871668912799e-06 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|FCEV|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.0,0.0,9.187618691486312e-05,0.000286240782695985,0.000173385982282125,0.000143674001214049 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|FCEV|Truck (12t),million,0.0,7.5307520289603e-06,0.000103086589502641,0.000188776237096381,0.000140367644737149,7.308826001902361e-05 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|FCEV|Truck (12t+),million,0.0,0.0,8.885628969563912e-05,0.0001603239207958,7.44895200337307e-05,3.07303414657502e-06 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|FCEV|Truck (7.5t),million,0.0,5.79065704681015e-08,2.64625216009943e-05,5.64013839842161e-05,6.46891147539163e-05,3.11235816193866e-05 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|ICE,million,3.23816866433115,1.85025077541713,0.514596581815245,0.099232080219531,0.016070294061483,0.005286049869493 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|ICE|Tractor Truck,million,0.229996470050082,0.202378177256325,0.108613687469519,0.019071550798065,0.0009241117472155651,1.81774608080971e-05 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|ICE|Truck (0-3.5t),million,2.50662399527163,1.26190419342009,0.212420123264255,0.025700307477541,0.003898269841949,0.001988977384131 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|ICE|Truck (12t),million,0.05941019154246,0.050516720323159,0.029021281665514,0.010513985234964,0.003014181858372,0.001176571552102 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|ICE|Truck (12t+),million,0.254465570870231,0.205709522540901,0.104306594450118,0.029042749046801,0.005420787175465,0.001336669666329 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|ICE|Truck (7.5t),million,0.187672436596741,0.129742161876653,0.06023489496583601,0.014903487662157,0.00281294343848,0.0007656538061230221 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line,million,0.0004982875319896281,0.006319044029697,0.034315757585779,0.04850918881585901,0.036493934109215,0.06213709862813901 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV,million,5.578774511832051e-05,0.000381507252679855,0.0008199715506393841,0.000674567623642538,0.015181010394826,0.05239194683080201 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV|Tractor Truck,million,3.39915057040705e-06,1.46199597585503e-05,4.030779024358921e-05,2.63542726561328e-05,4.530980094868129e-06,4.47259939297934e-07 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV|Truck (12t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV|Truck (12t+),million,5.23885945479134e-05,0.000366887292921305,0.0007796637603957941,0.000648213350986406,0.015176479414731,0.052391499570863 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV|Truck (7.5t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE,million,0.000442499786871307,0.005937536777018,0.03349578603514,0.047834621192216,0.021312923714389,0.009745151797336002 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE|Tractor Truck,million,0.000285119346533405,0.004228553118375,0.026003501243476,0.03580590298159701,0.013283530276353,0.005928808533050001 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE|Truck (12t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE|Truck (12t+),million,0.000157380440337902,0.001708983658642,0.007492284791663001,0.012028718210619,0.008029393438035,0.003816343264285 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE|Truck (7.5t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|PHEV,million,0.035308232172613,0.169318158160191,0.098812660186812,0.018867669766279,0.003489890191884,0.00139123317239 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|PHEV|Tractor Truck,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|PHEV|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.030855477264906,0.148177532558073,0.07425735674518401,0.009987642250033001,0.001580348293274,0.000797973536904271 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|PHEV|Truck (12t),million,0.001639273643086,0.008529313284699,0.009956312686941,0.003915383955715,0.001134555682286,0.000404623438760067 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|PHEV|Truck (12t+),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|PHEV|Truck (7.5t),million,0.00281348126462,0.012611312317418,0.014598990754686,0.00496464356053,0.0007749862163243551,0.00018863619672636 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Tractor Truck,million,0.23183365353,0.235096195490001,0.24359512095,0.242644693459999,0.233427848519999,0.22643119287 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Truck (0-3.5t),million,2.76381329919999,3.22800844019998,3.35092118649996,3.39774443400002,3.46994201490002,3.72227201329999 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Truck (12t),million,0.062047380541,0.073547961033,0.086801942991,0.090419988072999,0.09195110783599901,0.095647255647999 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Truck (12t+),million,0.259534348639999,0.265445295049999,0.276949357889999,0.287812202039999,0.285739689499999,0.28004475181 -Aladin v1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Truck (7.5t),million,0.194648241549999,0.191309646089999,0.20814965207,0.22756605796,0.239891664059999,0.24430419942 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV,billion EUR2020/yr,88.108214043158,99.882523612267,112.737685882802,124.132995021499,128.776433713935,131.142257772042 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Energy Demand|Transportation|Rail and Bus,billion EUR2020/yr,5.3205788496124,5.7631869230332,6.35457381105433,6.89864176680911,7.09715414959102,6.71831860780883 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck,billion EUR2020/yr,26.4254213253846,34.0751651307722,39.6110823885104,43.1801843546478,44.4959923401479,46.9172459459902 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Infrastructure|Transportation|Charge and Fuel|LDV and Truck,billion EUR2020/yr,0.472186821111624,1.99254492407932,4.77931371829957,7.57557954725097,9.22003513752916,9.77558371143674 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Infrastructure|Transportation|Charge and Fuel|Rail and Bus,billion EUR2020/yr,0.213010964006964,0.282034780840391,0.372314087866286,0.4469152188471091,0.50483725261859,0.519761271073367 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Transportation,billion EUR2020/yr,120.5394120032736,141.9954553709921,163.8549698885326,182.234315909054,190.0944525938217,195.0731673083512 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers,Mt CO2/yr,43.7631287963457,44.7543840856405,36.679348539482,25.6438625178237,1.03276259752121,1.111820191416 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers|Aviation,Mt CO2/yr,31.5537018256454,32.6640584698179,26.792885355725,18.8418818319948,0.7506104445873051,0.7920396 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers|Navigation,Mt CO2/yr,12.2094269707003,12.0903256158225,9.88646318375702,6.80198068582892,0.282152152933907,0.319780591416 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation,Mt CO2/yr,131.774143812712,96.8168628563288,48.9015025438167,15.1364996561176,0.583050341491494,0.193496239047962 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|Bus,Mt CO2/yr,2.78801854563196,1.97227758207733,1.10547847607884,0.379311501656378,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|Domestic Aviation,Mt CO2/yr,2.39116877346544,2.3641055587323,1.88409031976444,1.2902077405517,0.04946320814949701,0.049878621286831 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|Domestic Navigation,Mt CO2/yr,1.06235822033162,1.0545599713325,0.812946923775,0.536216931558,0.0221525766,0.0245322 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|LDV,Mt CO2/yr,82.4620790675534,58.4081731638141,29.1291843171096,9.02432336041208,0.327451910447393,0.06637826705746801 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|Rail,Mt CO2/yr,0.6483410775702281,0.500639688905072,0.290416073306969,0.09772278925334,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|Truck,Mt CO2/yr,42.4221781281601,32.5171068914675,15.6793864337817,3.80871733268613,0.183982646294604,0.052707150703662 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Freight|Domestic Navigation,bn tkm/yr,61.7163351570664,57.9264906657369,53.7864324720668,53.4640837326268,52.9105298075961,52.4459209955305 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Freight|Rail,bn tkm/yr,183.866822568884,172.513484511662,158.994732679851,156.65863651624,157.327872219209,158.803956858265 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Freight|Road,bn tkm/yr,496.55147405671,546.838561692894,576.968910758641,597.034879163829,611.719269011402,624.431639064386 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Bicycling and Walking,bn pkm/yr,68.437781491953,73.0914824452356,73.7516707981109,74.4442552959104,74.9663611542005,75.77589134410741 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Rail,bn pkm/yr,142.70434700872,149.93316760983,152.177986910094,153.419714579734,153.965713825162,154.946700158706 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Road|Bus,bn pkm/yr,38.6442728062779,36.7796053984957,36.2836440992449,35.6578678894438,34.9799118160524,34.4184306325268 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Road|LDV,bn pkm/yr,973.047185609265,1017.01305371646,1030.44890988515,1039.60967171123,1046.73394132657,1051.06304243061 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers,TWh/yr,168.61975,179.6079,182.984585075265,185.5093641338511,171.3300720914989,158.62298 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation,TWh/yr,121.9304166666667,131.4557142857142,134.0354923966936,136.6716193719461,124.5224622700705,113.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids,TWh/yr,121.9304166666667,131.4557142857142,134.0354923966936,136.6716193719461,124.5224622700705,113.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,2.410793078961667,6.63578087004,20.10532385950405,32.80118864926694,53.54465877613028,56.5 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,1.314557142857142,13.40354923966936,34.16790484298639,70.97780349394,56.5 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,119.519623587705,123.5053762728169,100.5266192975203,69.7025258796925,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Liquids,TWh/yr,168.61975,179.6079,182.984585075265,185.5093641338511,171.3300720914989,158.62298 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,3.333928788151,9.066465260974777,27.44768776128975,44.52224739212417,73.67193099934444,79.31149 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,1.796079,18.2984585075265,46.37734103346278,97.65814109215444,79.31149 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,165.2858212118489,168.745355739025,137.2384388064486,94.60977570826388,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Liquids|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation,TWh/yr,46.68933333333334,48.15218571428555,48.94909267857139,48.83774476190472,46.80760982142834,45.62298 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Gases,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids,TWh/yr,46.68933333333334,48.15218571428555,48.94909267857139,48.83774476190472,46.80760982142834,45.62298 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.9231357091893333,2.4306843909348,7.342363901785695,11.72105874285714,20.12727222321428,22.81149 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.4815218571428556,4.894909267857139,12.20943619047619,26.68033759821428,22.81149 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,45.76619762414389,45.23997946620806,36.71181950892833,24.90724982857142,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation,TWh/yr,560.0479872161417,478.6197623391555,369.1769588171,284.4098014763639,244.8877311200878,236.4319409112425 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus,TWh/yr,11.16521428571428,9.376499999999973,7.708940217391278,6.150733695652167,4.421768115942028,3.948833333333333 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.0,1.3395,2.569646739130433,3.690440217391278,4.421768115942028,3.948833333333333 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Gases,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Liquids,TWh/yr,11.16521428571428,8.036999999999972,5.139293478260861,2.460293478260867,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.74248675,0.5867009999999973,0.5036507608695638,0.4453131195652166,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.08037,0.5139293478260861,0.6150733695652166,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,10.42272753571428,7.369928999999972,4.121713369565194,1.399906989130433,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Liquids|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation,TWh/yr,9.239999999999974,9.514285714285693,9.425448971867084,9.358660817413277,8.205695131166,7.116164653146 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Gases,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Liquids,TWh/yr,9.239999999999974,9.514285714285693,9.425448971867084,9.358660817413277,8.205695131166,7.116164653146 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.18269213424,0.4802736456,1.413817345780064,2.246078596179186,3.528448906401361,3.558082326573 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.09514285714285695,0.9425448971867083,2.339665204353319,4.677246224764611,3.558082326573 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,9.057307865759999,8.938869211542833,7.069086728900305,4.77291701688075,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Liquids|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation,TWh/yr,4.0625,4.199999999999999,4.025,3.85,3.675,3.5 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Gases,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Liquids,TWh/yr,4.0625,4.199999999999999,4.025,3.85,3.675,3.5 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.08032324625000001,0.2120126904,0.60375,0.9239999999999999,1.58025,1.75 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.042,0.4025,0.9624999999999999,2.09475,1.75 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,3.98217675375,3.9459873096,3.01875,1.9635,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Liquids|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Electricity,TWh/yr,28.49675447531389,72.42501452009527,133.2501081783105,184.9340197669914,210.5201802782436,220.0789378372178 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases,TWh/yr,18.69266559940328,38.41464911053334,28.77091584456972,10.12307942003372,2.243656294351748,0.4872687061332805 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,2.803899839910472,5.76219736658,4.315637376685472,1.518461913005058,0.3365484441527611,0.07309030591999222 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,15.88876575949278,32.65245174395334,24.45527846788447,8.604617507028667,1.907107850198983,0.4141784002132889 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0003253372579994444,0.0941847200406986,0.2721943338953672,0.05846095406016389,0.01188990187384278 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV,TWh/yr,347.7973298681695,288.5361596605083,220.11196039839,162.95105742,132.172990998,123.877780911 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Electricity,TWh/yr,16.765318314,47.37813013,81.549138386,104.062049832,114.65413884,120.207319462 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Gases,TWh/yr,7.353724780999999,9.527850197000001,7.045914781,3.841313444,1.308750821,0.253913301 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Liquids,TWh/yr,323.6782867731694,231.63017933351,131.51690723139,55.047694144,16.210101337,3.416548148 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,21.5246060704158,16.90900309134622,12.88865690867619,9.963632640063999,6.97034357491,1.708274074 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,2.3163017933351,13.151690723139,13.761923536,9.239757762089999,1.708274074 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,302.1536807027528,212.4048744488286,105.4765595995747,31.32213796793583,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Liquids|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids,TWh/yr,512.858567141425,367.7797733712694,207.0617500741783,89.080507955445,32.06543359343222,15.85384446601753 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,33.48349384539473,26.53906693495994,20.99147485380658,16.90288292816294,13.78813644517592,7.926922233008749 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,3.677797733712694,20.70617500741783,22.27012698886128,18.27729714825644,7.926922233008749 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,479.3750732960305,337.5629087025972,165.3641002129539,49.90749803842083,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail,TWh/yr,13.29813470827897,13.38092349954314,12.88635434551472,11.86708320765353,10.83664552719581,10.20813611521936 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Electricity,TWh/yr,10.70171472655261,11.34082467354922,11.53622997509489,11.23323282339794,10.83664552719581,10.20813611521936 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Freight,TWh/yr,4.431380910945472,3.943097514267945,3.679601116429805,3.625322199217027,3.589331893924889,3.524687615785083 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Gases,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Liquids,TWh/yr,2.596419981726361,2.040098825993908,1.350124370419842,0.6338503842555722,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.1726619287848031,0.1489272142975553,0.1323121883011444,0.1147269195502586,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.02040098825993889,0.1350124370419842,0.1584625960638931,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,2.423758052941558,1.870770623436414,1.082799745076711,0.3606608686414194,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Liquids|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Passenger,TWh/yr,8.866753797333471,9.437825985275195,9.206753229084889,8.241761008436471,7.247313633270917,6.683448499434278 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck,TWh/yr,174.48480835398,153.6118934648192,115.0192548839367,90.23226633564666,85.5756313477839,87.78102589854389 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Electricity,TWh/yr,1.029721434761283,12.36655971654625,37.59509307808528,65.94829689420222,80.60762779510556,85.71464892666528 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Gases,TWh/yr,11.33894081840328,28.88679891353333,21.72500106356997,6.281765976033722,0.9349054733517472,0.2333554051332828 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0003253372579994444,0.0941847200406986,0.2721943338953672,0.05846095406016389,0.01188990187384278 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Liquids,TWh/yr,162.1161461008155,112.3582094974817,55.60497602224056,17.73000913151547,3.974637125266333,1.82113166487153 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,10.78072371570422,8.20214929331614,5.449287650179583,3.209131652804277,1.709093963864533,0.9105658324357638 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,1.123582094974817,5.560497602224055,4.432502282878861,2.265543161401822,0.9105658324357638 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,151.3354223851111,103.0324781091905,44.59519076983695,10.0883751958323,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Liquids|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation,billion EUR2020/yr,99.51241077779471,121.2453614688871,129.5421570606023,130.7977800509198,133.5711135008879,137.6208057683183 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Bus,billion EUR2020/yr,1.002056776972027,1.618913656742351,1.911137061699625,2.214323304176323,2.141979313010399,1.349962425945036 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Bus|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1779451976212776,1.353956327079312,1.886229089064522,2.214323304176323,2.141979313010399,1.349962425945036 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Bus|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Bus|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,0.8241115793507486,0.2649573296630347,0.02490797263510248,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Domestic Aviation,billion EUR2020/yr,0.3784564403512521,0.3791328216360797,0.3278905430583451,0.2928217623920772,0.1116657449813948,0.06266720111824524 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Domestic Navigation,billion EUR2020/yr,0.2085885761589401,0.2021316225165559,0.1267591059602645,0.1086506622516551,0.1014072847682119,0.09503311258278128 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,0.2085885761589401,0.2021316225165559,0.1267591059602645,0.1086506622516551,0.1014072847682119,0.09503311258278128 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV,billion EUR2020/yr,71.69574759130307,84.36721732046198,91.00919095977581,91.15937080014922,92.68544944346426,95.65229571682711 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,4.79202377287265,12.07493454302796,13.8813457004827,12.0670527727614,9.542721402989807,7.278656978321838 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,16.62034106511052,47.7924363397101,67.26565521956915,74.03452772031062,76.36263447795609,79.3051544302177 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,3.931541986627964,9.64500864926961,11.46873283038798,10.43572737171515,8.387744890998702,6.506937600312336 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|FCEV|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,49.76446584431976,19.68184151278385,4.131685197341382,0.3637936899176558,0.0321276130312818,0.0112725417477634 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|PHEV,billion EUR2020/yr,5.310940681872756,16.89293946796796,19.6118505428652,16.76104938992092,16.29068735247684,16.33586874486162 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|PHEV|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,0.8604817862446844,2.429925893758352,2.41261287009471,1.631325401046272,1.154976511991114,0.7717193780095073 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Rail,billion EUR2020/yr,2.524056563396405,2.758341475674583,2.25712807864557,1.592954917345296,1.292377439942477,1.046457058499933 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Rail|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,2.502723412552519,2.758149451480768,2.25712807864557,1.592954917345296,1.292377439942477,1.046457058499933 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Rail|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Rail|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,0.02133315084389044,0.0001920241938162,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck,billion EUR2020/yr,25.7709108127502,31.12749653372928,34.37584149486256,35.75494563284022,37.06861707346088,39.49653106301412 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,1.499060511742855,3.549502797465156,4.319068484041674,3.46422105213972,1.459954972739849,-0.6979239882194406 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,7.138524913893976,22.04034908961784,31.26768397872312,34.85630514325722,36.06691486603716,38.23717385592006 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|BEV|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,1.179787190409312,3.338468794544872,4.19949810756625,3.392945940923512,1.258490379643129,-0.9290709608629051 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0004915797612839,0.0238461678272422,0.006679232374459,0.0018111385664122,0.0012993336751214 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|FCEV|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0001042504471460237,0.001664726965709553,0.0001082888590177338,-0.0001243465192768488,-0.0002484613378913334 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,16.96086254430768,7.792482410387084,2.103887186115442,0.262903143277311,0.0540994626612196,0.0212459870414364 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0032123027241644,0.0106680753315878,0.0155792990203538,0.1331505017386516,0.728103973736296,0.9557140131481959 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,0.001562229355441905,0.0041329129418218,0.0054628626147604,0.0382174397386694,0.2011510678144696,0.2442537354212702 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0293710776786276,0.2326530509289772,0.7908338033057817,0.4677776162120572,0.2068523252111334,0.2734908607469708 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0072801526880192,0.034777789629848,0.0821868281166468,0.0276637998622408,-0.0014304040401332,-0.0137367820668202 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|PHEV,billion EUR2020/yr,1.63893997414573,1.050852327702468,0.1740110598705798,0.028129995980511,0.0108353072486576,0.007607012482331201 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|PHEV|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,0.3104309392900806,0.1720190499014632,0.0302559587783052,0.0052855827562792,0.0018682758416582,0.000878480626908453 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation,billion EUR2020/yr,14.55366015840783,17.6787094900805,19.89927001636098,20.56314551544904,20.4370850473795,20.48049892434464 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Bus,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0561316443613594,0.1841818933494469,0.2190741051735438,0.2284423165016526,0.1873162148298471,0.05946474747214348 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Bus|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.02426525422108332,0.1800084550531197,0.2190741051735438,0.2284423165016526,0.1873162148298471,0.05946474747214348 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Bus|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Bus|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,0.03186639014027608,0.00417343829632716,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Domestic Aviation,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0001380064253587489,0.000138840457260592,0.0001233733790996444,0.000112333411404948,5.534910846409016e-05,3.809212058609792e-05 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Domestic Navigation,billion EUR2020/yr,0.00212449411331804,0.00210379874908012,0.00159814201618828,0.00144867549668812,0.00136819352465,0.00129736938925656 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,0.00212449411331804,0.00210379874908012,0.00159814201618828,0.00144867549668812,0.00136819352465,0.00129736938925656 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.8099375318194044,2.745072278072128,4.6029585216494,5.637837598110734,6.483237132679788,6.852210104267054 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.8099375318194044,2.745072278072128,4.6029585216494,5.637837598110734,6.483237132679788,6.852210104267054 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Private,billion EUR2020/yr,0.2969958245651242,0.912629067728179,1.801694169805172,2.587263976374478,2.878335384212284,2.868368653225056 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Public,billion EUR2020/yr,0.3659815880419968,0.951301917810031,1.0890455150687,0.800324694762776,0.8677297543054425,0.797795350482648 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Work,billion EUR2020/yr,0.146960119212284,0.8811412925339177,1.712218836775518,2.250248926973472,2.73717199416206,3.18604610055935 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Rail,billion EUR2020/yr,5.466510717228194,5.491326603298761,5.224030699871047,4.913275598169816,4.660238555625478,4.446263460878566 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Rail|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,-0.007937626495586042,-0.05944343710549049,-0.244997792837736,-0.4311480632704604,-0.6039410627206863,-0.739839292458433 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Rail|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1396502734456609,0.1937304826438892,0.1395061710420802,0.06131434304498313,0.03020326171482156,0.00375909273387216 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Rail|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Rail|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,2.68723539663219e-05,1.11483884715584e-07,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Rail|Railtracks,billion EUR2020/yr,5.32683357142857,5.297138458406822,5.083632918785742,4.851110426820266,4.629223382011104,4.44210900125662 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Rail|Railtracks|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,-0.0235944483131984,-0.192542634232346,-0.3748697625407022,-0.5470389817328205,-0.6907803316663098 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Road,billion EUR2020/yr,8.01845199999999,8.035816753276519,8.164136159902485,8.312359559213055,8.463274018015147,8.598267822013844 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Road|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.015156133728634,0.1272632190124998,0.2570250549857982,0.3894355422498956,0.5081118524226678 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Truck,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1759477886783908,1.254177123413319,1.877221818712404,1.731969861601908,0.9335916054945472,0.5265591592480992 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Truck|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.07482102863839081,0.4113505745653208,0.5870207894084076,0.4416314260179116,0.4173152544425478,0.5265591592480992 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Truck|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.006818,0.032602,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0943087600399996,0.8102245488479978,1.290201029303998,1.290338435583994,0.516276351052,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Transportation|Energiewende,billion EUR2020/yr,7.475040895812961,19.99586110484172,24.97650851132047,23.07540507381815,18.4816566054984,13.84178844297784 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation,billion EUR2020/yr,45.3646420183908,43.6591296030716,39.1586715353572,35.1363017466764,33.4009013233752,33.6530042655094 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Bus,billion EUR2020/yr,0.274019542229955,0.310992592153215,0.39234021068561,0.508269006406467,0.5839408996995671,0.562390086189917 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Domestic Aviation,billion EUR2020/yr,0.194486254015849,0.201476633112015,0.204425541252822,0.204756642305784,0.191093509344743,0.166410729966141 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Domestic Navigation,billion EUR2020/yr,0.132367549668874,0.137655215231788,0.137013658940397,0.13202607615894,0.126314155629139,0.119877897350993 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Energy,billion EUR2020/yr,102.890620078846,115.422893349346,92.828881220231,64.1205062745267,50.0598903763755,48.0585476306733 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Energy|Diesel,billion EUR2020/yr,71.985045726292,68.4474568286146,39.9674429561441,14.7655674393283,3.2117215829689,0.9011170010526751 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Energy|Electricity,billion EUR2020/yr,5.06188207367619,16.1216188846485,29.3667997169133,38.8514202376859,44.250845859781,46.57021088073 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Energy|Methane,billion EUR2020/yr,2.43144643828564,6.23163536222719,5.8193242577141,2.19588433817425,0.4191556059638341,0.09103061386927801 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Energy|Other Non-Fossil,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.000126892722221523,0.03202792846260701,0.07895660808809801,0.01438399036516,0.002854698856459 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Energy|Petrol,billion EUR2020/yr,23.4122458405921,24.6220553811339,17.6432863609968,8.22867765125005,2.16378333729655,0.493334436164899 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV,billion EUR2020/yr,30.7697075273529,29.9657840413631,28.4185146232273,26.1235638585999,24.975322703467,25.3666887268619 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,1.871708916987,6.410072981022,11.411483433981,15.7689530889089,18.326233611153,20.284789079316 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,27.6738412137639,20.9224976909761,12.4184630252183,5.54701915877999,1.767066500061,0.400830025906 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|PHEV,billion EUR2020/yr,1.224157396602,2.633213369365,4.588568164028,4.807591610911,4.882022592253,4.68106962163999 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Non-Energy,billion EUR2020/yr,45.3646420183908,43.6591296030716,39.1586715353572,35.1363017466764,33.4009013233752,33.6530042655094 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Rail,billion EUR2020/yr,1.21025823688841,1.28891902578434,1.34440863067823,1.33164599136057,1.27516103639159,1.19215653229107 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck,billion EUR2020/yr,12.7838029082347,11.7543020954271,8.66196887057281,6.83604017184467,6.24906901884317,6.2454802928493 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.23308203737366,1.54492098539096,3.48397512876129,5.16358673843992,5.7638001222305,5.8989776375655 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,6.867470901838911e-05,0.009012403627836,0.011745470103949,0.002413830943658,0.0006623801780935 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,12.3089215354433,9.46249445366805,4.42940399511147,1.0782476174837,0.177530359530881,0.047844302126303 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.000104252289125084,0.000545833995534295,0.001443440272856,0.001536863359011,0.082746169014016,0.08120238112993901 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,0.00479396050201,0.05268005792291901,0.336945074583408,0.4826999947049491,0.204115104273399,0.210980890723138 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|PHEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.236901122626625,0.693592089740632,0.401188828215945,0.09822348775313401,0.018463432850709,0.005812701126318 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation,billion EUR2020/yr,0.145826967893464,0.594029951040291,1.67088468599969,2.9835612634689,4.06277818958854,4.70827756206676 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|Bus,billion EUR2020/yr,0.026542483334082,0.035537411323785,0.052261240004327,0.07053937057765501,0.08755953141125901,0.093552218310455 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|Domestic Aviation,billion EUR2020/yr,6.070107803241231e-05,6.292625116013421e-05,6.39555324069792e-05,6.41803000316337e-05,6.00205359100407e-05,5.095963972837391e-05 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|Domestic Navigation,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0009192190949227371,0.000957620493009565,0.0009573905445180269,0.000926117549668874,0.0008867963576158941,0.0008170069904341419 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.06496519426317801,0.446169459634935,1.35626909229367,2.50868900058732,3.45961177047363,4.10138272356938 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.06496519426317801,0.446169459634935,1.35626909229367,2.50868900058732,3.45961177047363,4.10138272356938 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Private,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Public,billion EUR2020/yr,0.03470698845855701,0.113173194731241,0.223339387955745,0.301961292298746,0.321222569140126,0.301387213377454 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Work,billion EUR2020/yr,0.03025820580462,0.3329962649036931,1.13292970433792,2.20672770828857,3.13838920133351,3.79999551019192 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|Rail,billion EUR2020/yr,0.048976038244849,0.064365729747776,0.078253157152583,0.08411969707080601,0.085116733475063,0.083355362956908 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|Truck,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0043633318784,0.046936803589624,0.183079850472192,0.319222897383423,0.429543337335056,0.429119290599856 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|Truck|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.006936803831224,0.014059747264192,0.021182690725824,0.028305634187456,0.028305634187456 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0043633318784,0.0399999997584,0.169020103208,0.2980402066576,0.4012377031476,0.4008136564124 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV,million,3.455009,3.532275,3.520349,3.451476,3.535353,3.667486 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|BEV,million,0.312712,1.968418,2.621551,2.777967,2.865488,2.992267 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Compact Car,million,0.06043399999999999,0.5666209999999999,0.7922669999999999,0.8136800000000001,0.798245,0.7903089999999999 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Large Car and SUV,million,0.073568,0.332868,0.465426,0.5525289999999999,0.6011569999999999,0.658725 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Midsize Car,million,0.17871,1.068929,1.363858,1.411758,1.466086,1.543233 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|Compact Car,million,0.9310800000000001,0.925813,0.839147,0.816313,0.7994169999999999,0.791188 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|FCEV,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|FCEV|Compact Car,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|FCEV|Large Car and SUV,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|FCEV|Midsize Car,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|ICE,million,3.033574,0.9326359999999999,0.166601,0.004894,0.00166,0.000879 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|ICE|Compact Car,million,0.869076,0.349806,0.04688000000000001,0.002633,0.001172,0.000879 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|ICE|Large Car and SUV,million,0.357396,0.148702,0.043891,0.002261,0.000475,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|ICE|Midsize Car,million,1.807102,0.434128,0.07583000000000001,0.0,1.3e-05,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|Large Car and SUV,million,0.460632,0.510478,0.5142329999999999,0.55479,0.601632,0.658725 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|Midsize Car,million,2.063297,2.095984,2.166969,2.080373,2.134304,2.217573 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|PHEV,million,0.108723,0.6312209999999999,0.732197,0.668615,0.6682049999999999,0.67434 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|PHEV|Compact Car,million,0.00157,0.009386,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|PHEV|Large Car and SUV,million,0.029668,0.028908,0.004915999999999999,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|PHEV|Midsize Car,million,0.077485,0.592927,0.727281,0.668615,0.6682049999999999,0.67434 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck,million,0.5077419573349831,0.5375422992750041,0.555312857636998,0.5640147156900011,0.593580139529994,0.6554525256200131 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|BEV,million,0.14980209647715,0.417726812019638,0.5245245214584481,0.55734918314142,0.587279336568803,0.645478632744793 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|BEV|Tractor Truck,million,0.001077767044894,0.012585000929,0.027994797267149,0.038414652502595,0.039214997092164,0.038909902063099 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|BEV|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.142876372344679,0.372493459649189,0.442526568601061,0.459110419435884,0.4901700708153071,0.552252819334562 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|BEV|Truck (12t),million,0.0006217224878602891,0.004828686588225,0.008101378534924,0.009537770925284001,0.010142004134626,0.010619379616829 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|BEV|Truck (12t+),million,0.002808481000343,0.015365006300826,0.026207225481215,0.028970311704025,0.025964570180757,0.021490601452088 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|BEV|Truck (7.5t),million,0.002417753599373,0.012454658552396,0.019694551574097,0.02131602857363,0.021787694345948,0.022205930278212 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|FCEV,million,0.0,5.175307113585209e-06,0.000290955690235628,7.782563091418341e-05,3.2730746551577e-05,2.77321177277595e-05 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|FCEV|Tractor Truck,million,0.0,0.0,0.000181728690662439,2.226759059624161e-05,8.05969238757252e-07,7.499113513692351e-08 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|FCEV|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.0,0.0,4.156363329670241e-05,3.20566699676885e-05,2.26877160516147e-05,2.44931670145944e-05 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|FCEV|Truck (12t),million,0.0,5.175307113585209e-06,1.69848576075731e-05,1.31267417377284e-05,7.7637528742592e-06,1.18388647977018e-06 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|FCEV|Truck (12t+),million,0.0,0.0,3.92041490884742e-05,4.58489040664531e-06,9.742861311818819e-08,1.18062972812012e-08 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|FCEV|Truck (7.5t),million,0.0,0.0,1.14743595804397e-05,5.7897382058795e-06,1.37587977382767e-06,1.96826680097672e-06 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|ICE,million,0.320468165507054,0.09991003554574401,0.021327655479659,0.002599409736844,0.0007369277052479771,0.000353459208947662 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|ICE|Tractor Truck,million,0.037899461907375,0.028458413876816,0.009453220039702,0.000705386321354212,1.68838724961568e-05,1.09043257976702e-06 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|ICE|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.242039751278619,0.05078294583163501,0.007268187022206001,0.0006991651437087701,0.000278626079548983,0.000280779699541538 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|ICE|Truck (12t),million,0.005611961683835,0.003529355791366,0.0009136273347245042,0.000262326909588329,0.000136617519429173,3.3378670210757e-05 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|ICE|Truck (12t+),million,0.023779991403651,0.012576181173299,0.002926834100302,0.000653424480753752,0.000156428530679712,5.00711339938684e-07 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|ICE|Truck (7.5t),million,0.011136999233573,0.004563138872627001,0.000765786982723632,0.000279106881439,0.00014837170309395,3.770969527566141e-05 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line,million,0.000200520983735347,0.001386297550057,0.006450511121879001,0.003589913410267,0.00538058604605,0.009472904703459 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV,million,2.09024729901076e-05,7.617937928436561e-05,0.00011816618413125,3.1490788697988e-05,0.003084684008907,0.007384931449728 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV|Tractor Truck,million,1.30231246298064e-06,2.35491514993784e-06,8.99012762443357e-06,3.07520327837738e-06,2.24572575807848e-07,2.23719894462433e-08 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV|Truck (12t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV|Truck (12t+),million,1.96001605271269e-05,7.38244641344277e-05,0.000109176056506817,2.84155854196106e-05,0.003084459436331,0.007384909077738 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV|Truck (7.5t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE,million,0.00017961851074524,0.001310118170772,0.006332344937747001,0.003558422621569,0.002295902037143,0.002087973253731 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE|Tractor Truck,million,0.000115229695267944,0.000949113679033024,0.005167579544861,0.002858153422175,0.001470146223525,0.001262244971196 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE|Truck (12t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE|Truck (12t+),million,6.43888154772956e-05,0.000361004491739876,0.001164765392886,0.000700269199394618,0.0008257558136183952,0.00082572828253528 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE|Truck (7.5t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|PHEV,million,0.03727117436704201,0.01851397885245,0.002719213886775,0.000398383770555414,0.00015055846334092,0.000119796845084959 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|PHEV|Tractor Truck,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|PHEV|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.033032219076684,0.016112665119179,0.002176397743433,0.0002781243504413731,0.000108054189087777,0.000109354098894526 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|PHEV|Truck (12t),million,0.001424649113304,0.001032001068294,0.000329567449743413,8.331590338941952e-05,3.618665307049101e-05,5.28597647965591e-06 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|PHEV|Truck (12t+),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|PHEV|Truck (7.5t),million,0.002814306177054,0.001369312664976,0.000213248693599055,3.69435167246212e-05,6.317621182651469e-06,5.156769710776439e-06 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Tractor Truck,million,0.03909376096,0.0419948834,0.04280631567,0.04200353503999901,0.04070305772999901,0.04017333483 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.417948342699982,0.439389070600004,0.452012716999997,0.4601197656000021,0.490579438799995,0.5526674463000121 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Truck (12t),million,0.007658333284999001,0.009395218754999001,0.009361558176999001,0.00989654048,0.01032257206,0.01065922815 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Truck (12t+),million,0.026672461379999,0.028376016429999,0.03044720518,0.03035700586,0.030031311389999,0.02970175133 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Truck (7.5t),million,0.01636905901,0.018387110089999,0.02068506161,0.021637868709999,0.021943759549999,0.022250765009999 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV,million,45.34753538,46.62648477,47.43355325,47.941304,48.031892,48.575055 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|BEV,million,2.078176,8.690034,18.731559,28.851479,35.260815,38.52271 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Compact Car,million,0.757103,2.446075,5.622416,8.604992,10.352668,10.891099 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Large Car and SUV,million,0.182887,1.285322,3.182581,5.224502,6.796715,7.878099 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Midsize Car,million,1.138186,4.958637,9.926562,15.021985,18.111432,19.753512 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|Compact Car,million,12.51300175,12.6393136,12.33769058,11.874054,11.417544,11.105177 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|FCEV,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|FCEV|Compact Car,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|FCEV|Large Car and SUV,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|FCEV|Midsize Car,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|ICE,million,42.15200838,34.96484777,21.95646425,10.150031,3.129964,0.616078 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|ICE|Compact Car,million,11.67845975,10.0873546,6.59877858,3.198354,1.033592,0.206565 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|ICE|Large Car and SUV,million,5.25771892999999,4.45290171,2.98864357,1.522177,0.558302,0.141198 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|ICE|Midsize Car,million,25.2158297,20.42459146,12.3690421,5.4295,1.53807,0.268315 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|Large Car and SUV,million,5.64959793,6.09646671,6.52832257,6.973401,7.450558,8.042300000000001 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|Midsize Car,million,27.1849357,27.89070446,28.5675401,29.093849,29.16379,29.427578 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|PHEV,million,1.117351,2.971603,6.74553,8.939794,9.641113,9.436267 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|PHEV|Compact Car,million,0.077439,0.105884,0.116496,0.070708,0.031284,0.007513 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|PHEV|Large Car and SUV,million,0.208992,0.358243,0.357098,0.226722,0.095541,0.023003 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|PHEV|Midsize Car,million,0.8309200000000001,2.507476,6.271936,8.642364,9.514288,9.405751 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck,million,3.50758760954398,4.02001199359295,4.29597629140696,4.46450291651599,4.60678971109702,4.91233266638995 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|BEV,million,0.11834278446401,1.42766935622054,3.24723840084252,4.20238038425415,4.53595244756369,4.84983794756721 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|BEV|Tractor Truck,million,0.000668994921394049,0.018902721745716,0.100678192549622,0.192158726255859,0.229840228481503,0.232343053751134 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|BEV|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.113377781302199,1.33322544684445,2.85937667586827,3.49394173341696,3.69250557640005,4.00131671287002 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|BEV|Truck (12t),million,0.000431729851780173,0.009257935069545,0.041103094390324,0.07563631745638501,0.09255419416404101,0.100724748957472 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|BEV|Truck (12t+),million,0.002090463902793,0.035905309712422,0.135784632428439,0.240456180783368,0.27414835093874,0.256001577236489 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|BEV|Truck (7.5t),million,0.001773814485843,0.030377942848406,0.110295805605865,0.200187426341578,0.246904097579356,0.259451854752085 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|FCEV,million,0.0,2.82081446324952e-06,0.000384316597556574,0.001327544174342,0.000664235021222967,0.000325087323569245 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|FCEV|Tractor Truck,million,0.0,0.0,0.000178852924579574,0.000666323754911286,6.61204460679455e-05,1.889796920577e-06 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|FCEV|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.0,0.0,5.3673739048692e-05,0.000261543991174174,0.000239342574765859,0.00018580592336075 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|FCEV|Truck (12t),million,0.0,2.80099028142248e-06,5.61211535926663e-05,0.000142202942181249,0.000146134761125797,8.53757161071272e-05 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|FCEV|Truck (12t+),million,0.0,0.0,7.07901440342903e-05,0.000185918997237179,0.000122741020564649,7.78750973736809e-06 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|FCEV|Truck (7.5t),million,0.0,1.98241818270315e-08,2.48786363013514e-05,7.155448883840111e-05,8.98962186987151e-05,4.422837744342191e-05 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|ICE,million,3.3611514919894,2.36539366803926,0.860581271678537,0.19146413978376,0.029883063302832,0.008501404247721 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|ICE|Tractor Truck,million,0.231473674400946,0.220344920438743,0.139074925555967,0.034607258384283,0.00267385665875,4.268428774540471e-05 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|ICE|Truck (0-3.5t),million,2.62211848511,1.71263258477423,0.459986134353904,0.06447903154831,0.00663757571164,0.002352025780603 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|ICE|Truck (12t),million,0.06051891600843801,0.05611993026904501,0.03670781230142901,0.014323281425865,0.003850331267058,0.001501896748913 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|ICE|Truck (12t+),million,0.25740176858628,0.231008360076698,0.142416265421881,0.049085993332899,0.010563156405788,0.002456190483177 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|ICE|Truck (7.5t),million,0.189638647883737,0.145287872480535,0.08239613404535401,0.028968575092402,0.006158143259594,0.00214860694728 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line,million,0.000191138928585062,0.002779043686421,0.018934717345475,0.03607645283144,0.034869470608583,0.05204253921479501 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV,million,2.22008774692634e-05,0.000206403828704084,0.000723537301681211,0.000935133540439104,0.017222477902019,0.038243212568368 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV|Tractor Truck,million,1.22810348006019e-06,4.887024234111369e-06,3.19601395324213e-05,4.35453421671493e-05,0.006106607229694001,0.002786293396204 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV|Truck (12t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV|Truck (12t+),million,2.09727739892032e-05,0.000201516804469973,0.00069157716214879,0.0008915881982719551,0.011115870672325,0.035456919172164 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV|Truck (7.5t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE,million,0.000168938051115799,0.002572639857717,0.018211180043794,0.03514131929100101,0.017646992706563,0.013799326646426 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE|Tractor Truck,million,0.00010740277417855,0.001765292061307,0.013834203400298,0.026401056252778,0.009922921213983001,0.007022674677995001 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE|Truck (12t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE|Truck (12t+),million,6.153527693724851e-05,0.0008073477964098951,0.004376976643495001,0.008740263038222,0.007724071492579001,0.006776651968431 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE|Truck (7.5t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|PHEV,million,0.027902194161976,0.224167104832261,0.168837584942864,0.033254395472301,0.005420494600684,0.001625688036661 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|PHEV|Tractor Truck,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|PHEV|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.023344106587775,0.198851799681257,0.137430133838732,0.019795256243551,0.00258196771356,0.000916175625964787 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|PHEV|Truck (12t),million,0.001653709813781,0.009149123124127,0.011299927901653,0.004815217611568,0.001321734204773,0.0004403362975064911 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|PHEV|Truck (12t+),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|PHEV|Truck (7.5t),million,0.002904377760418,0.016166182026876,0.020107523202478,0.008643921617181001,0.001516792682349,0.0002691761131906 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Tractor Truck,million,0.232251300199999,0.241017821270001,0.25379813457,0.253876909989999,0.248609734029999,0.24219659591 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Truck (0-3.5t),million,2.75884037299998,3.24470983129994,3.45684661779996,3.57847756519999,3.70196446240002,4.00477072019995 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Truck (12t),million,0.062604355674,0.074529789453,0.08916695574699901,0.094917019435999,0.097872394396999,0.102752357719999 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Truck (12t+),million,0.25957474054,0.26792253439,0.283340241799999,0.299359944349999,0.303674190529999,0.300699126369999 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Truck (7.5t),million,0.194316840129999,0.19183201718,0.21282434149,0.23787147754,0.25466892974,0.26191386619 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV,billion EUR2020/yr,86.4870017995621,89.5183062228968,87.8806860769119,84.6245663062951,81.4327008139333,79.1739258060171 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Energy Demand|Transportation|Rail and Bus,billion EUR2020/yr,5.6272153744268,6.4427449032731,7.08152747571883,7.05854052664962,6.82866076018584,6.45778517141475 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck,billion EUR2020/yr,26.0149789009001,30.6738290562059,33.8033941498592,34.4873814255839,33.8611350006023,34.8324422726578 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Infrastructure|Transportation|Charge and Fuel|LDV and Truck,billion EUR2020/yr,0.776264553399577,2.54497889793679,4.67958049279466,6.0610974878551,6.50729505111035,6.56561742533432 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Infrastructure|Transportation|Charge and Fuel|Rail and Bus,billion EUR2020/yr,0.248964357582729,0.353039306170967,0.4365186772826311,0.483786076192356,0.529079157223124,0.5424339677841911 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Transportation,billion EUR2020/yr,119.1544249858713,129.5328983864835,133.8817068725672,132.7153718225761,129.1588707830549,127.5722046432082 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers,Mt CO2/yr,42.9153482374705,42.8368219804664,34.2423529359211,23.2387499463513,0.900050409632399,0.9326077149752721 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers|Aviation,Mt CO2/yr,30.8280155364772,31.0487545050394,24.7513482795144,16.8448881016721,0.640470428933204,0.6448051827008721 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers|Navigation,Mt CO2/yr,12.0873327009933,11.788067475427,9.49100465640674,6.39386184467919,0.259579980699194,0.2878025322744 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation,Mt CO2/yr,123.898164095841,77.8120694838983,30.7114317962682,7.05319626252562,0.183023298345438,0.046561392582862 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|Bus,Mt CO2/yr,2.17360895863832,1.4174101556529,0.8529771423381111,0.371863203078398,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|Domestic Aviation,Mt CO2/yr,2.16687714251438,1.83454591357626,1.20553519110128,0.6063976380593,0.011376537874384,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|Domestic Navigation,Mt CO2/yr,1.0254412721751,0.9767861734467361,0.7218968683122,0.453639524098068,0.0173233149012,0.017663184 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|LDV,Mt CO2/yr,76.4797141666153,46.1954509722991,18.2290607223678,4.07244852849656,0.103003812155029,0.012376804903053 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|Rail,Mt CO2/yr,0.6483410775702281,0.502761704140687,0.294118535386112,0.09968369679845,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|Truck,Mt CO2/yr,41.404181478328,26.8851145647825,9.4078433367627,1.44916367199484,0.05131963341482301,0.016521403679809 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Freight|Domestic Navigation,bn tkm/yr,58.4816802972749,49.2964946385626,40.8877486233417,35.8422315495072,30.5722888573274,30.4834598574885 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Freight|Rail,bn tkm/yr,186.447858002392,163.390671063194,145.210281773396,134.925100679438,123.747316043208,127.015421632048 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Freight|Road,bn tkm/yr,493.321251445662,529.190290657651,538.510089216025,535.172312573481,529.946929965393,542.126773128967 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Bicycling and Walking,bn pkm/yr,70.296224609375,78.99248828125,80.186134765625,79.974505859375,79.7643046875,80.745365234375 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Rail,bn pkm/yr,142.203408646926,161.223825140456,161.405432645613,150.686574969647,141.275639818605,136.584887620967 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Road|Bus,bn pkm/yr,39.9433257280735,44.6367998595437,46.9502314168868,45.1337844053527,42.2816648688945,40.594120191532 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Road|LDV,bn pkm/yr,945.692183349609,917.087776397705,885.186361267089,870.992058471679,859.035426391601,848.727354980468 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers,TWh/yr,165.8362731390025,173.1818837492014,172.9042726057628,171.2362463050758,153.4687300803258,137.9077417715053 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation,TWh/yr,119.6138331390025,126.2335026777728,125.9131436343344,125.3287662288856,110.4057290446114,96.84705977150527 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids,TWh/yr,119.1262058613386,124.954962498403,123.8223920298264,122.1862102481414,106.2507928007583,91.99411954301084 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,2.355348570640864,6.307628042408944,18.57335880447394,29.32469045955389,45.68784090432583,45.99705977150528 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,1.249549624984031,12.38223920298264,30.54655256203528,60.56295189643222,45.99705977150528 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,116.7708572906978,117.39778483101,92.86679402236972,62.31496722655222,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Liquids,TWh/yr,165.3486458613386,171.9033435698317,170.8135210012547,168.0936903243319,149.3137938364725,133.0548015430108 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,3.269252922738278,8.67754532357036,25.62202815018822,40.34248567783944,64.20493134968305,66.52740077150528 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,1.719033435698317,17.08135210012547,42.02342258108278,85.10886248678916,66.52740077150528 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,162.0793929386003,161.5067648105631,128.1101407509411,85.72778206540917,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Liquids|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation,TWh/yr,46.22244,46.94838107142834,46.99112897142833,45.90748007619028,43.06300103571417,41.06068199999999 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Gases,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids,TWh/yr,46.22244,46.94838107142834,46.99112897142833,45.90748007619028,43.06300103571417,41.06068199999999 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.9139043520974389,2.369917281161431,7.048669345714277,11.01779521828569,18.51709044535714,20.530341 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.4694838107142834,4.699112897142833,11.47687001904761,24.54591059035714,20.530341 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,45.3085356479025,44.10897997955277,35.24334672857139,23.41281483885714,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation,TWh/yr,536.2391003838944,411.3553066337305,283.0702282438,209.1912950507608,177.9111931977586,166.2571105852972 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus,TWh/yr,10.15546021874997,8.663886,7.2699588994565,6.029955652173888,4.248106739130416,3.711903333333333 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Electricity,TWh/yr,1.45078003125,2.887962,3.304526772480222,3.617973391304333,4.248106739130416,3.711903333333333 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Gases,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Liquids,TWh/yr,8.7046801875,5.775924000000001,3.965432126976278,2.411982260869564,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.57886123246875,0.421642452,0.388612348443675,0.4365687892173888,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.05775924,0.3965432126976278,0.602995565217389,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,8.12581895503125,5.296522308,3.180276565834972,1.372417906434781,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Liquids|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation,TWh/yr,8.737343999999972,8.305971428571416,7.51608864639111,6.597855876276333,4.718274700420444,3.202274093915694 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.3640559999999972,0.9228857142857139,1.485215121741958,2.199285292092119,2.83096482025225,3.202274093915694 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Gases,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Liquids,TWh/yr,8.373287999999972,7.383085714285694,6.030873524649166,4.398570584184222,1.88730988016818,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.1655556120482878,0.3726923489855972,0.904631028697375,1.055656940204217,0.8115432484723166,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.07383085714285695,0.6030873524649166,1.099642646046058,1.075766631695864,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,8.207732387951694,6.936562508157249,4.523155143486861,2.243270997933961,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Liquids|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation,TWh/yr,3.9716015625,3.992625,3.7191,3.43805,3.127425,2.835 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.0502734375,0.102375,0.1449,0.18095,0.253575,0.3149999999999999 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Gases,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Liquids,TWh/yr,3.921328125,3.89025,3.5742,3.2571,2.87385,2.52 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.07753201344281249,0.196376754483,0.53613,0.781704,1.2357555,1.26 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0389025,0.35742,0.814275,1.6380945,1.26 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,3.843796111557167,3.654970745517,2.68065,1.661121,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Liquids|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Electricity,TWh/yr,36.40692653707723,84.70538023347278,134.2445138316378,161.8568026441703,166.0360344202139,162.4259670928425 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases,TWh/yr,15.94846703906447,28.66199869605556,16.00373916913825,3.544532577996944,0.6829843565215862,0.127052492280745 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,2.392270055859672,4.299299804408361,2.400560875370736,0.5316798866995417,0.102447653478238,0.01905787384211167 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,13.5561969832048,24.36269889164744,13.6031782937675,3.012852691297389,0.5805367030433473,0.1079946184386333 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0005983140950352778,0.05857543635455,0.1094218739475425,0.02337150249213917,0.007686731565602223 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV,TWh/yr,329.0006408831694,244.09401086751,162.29418452439,109.940938841,87.360494252,79.345755991 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Electricity,TWh/yr,21.992333589,53.087110998,74.787165849,82.612773792,82.17178363800001,78.808557853 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Gases,TWh/yr,5.086912232,5.561299525,3.344196012,1.576654444,0.441640371,0.059126251 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Liquids,TWh/yr,301.9213950621694,185.44560034451,84.16282266338972,25.751510605,4.747070243,0.478071887 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,20.0777727716343,13.53752882514922,8.247956621012195,4.661023419505,2.04124020449,0.2390359435 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,1.8544560034451,8.416282266339,6.437877651249999,2.70583003851,0.2390359435 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,281.8436222905333,170.0536155159156,67.49858377603861,14.652609534245,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Liquids|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids,TWh/yr,483.8837068077528,297.9873293901056,132.7633998066705,43.68053795464584,11.16880291853106,3.696404268608361 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,31.60376215589417,21.49919064180355,13.5102770043355,8.357861934257778,4.802585254968362,1.848202134304186 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,2.979873293901055,13.27633998066708,10.92013448866147,6.366217663562694,1.848202134304186 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,452.2799446518583,273.5082654544028,105.9767828216681,24.40254153172667,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail,TWh/yr,13.29813470827897,13.4255600669015,13.02240364214064,12.05473145272181,11.068226940585,10.49920105295661 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Electricity,TWh/yr,10.70171472655261,11.37681406233414,11.65506677990969,11.40816221332042,11.068226940585,10.49920105295661 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Freight,TWh/yr,4.431380910945472,3.922979669807389,3.641667084301667,3.549794653400028,3.475984570958834,3.374700908730389 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Gases,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Liquids,TWh/yr,2.596419981726361,2.048746004567358,1.367336862230931,0.6465692394013833,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.1726619287848031,0.1495584583334172,0.1339990124986311,0.1170290323316506,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.02048746004567334,0.136733686223093,0.1616423098503461,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,2.423758052941558,1.878700086188269,1.096604163509206,0.3678978972193861,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Liquids|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Passenger,TWh/yr,8.866753797333471,9.502580397094084,9.380736557838944,8.504936799321777,7.592242369626138,7.124500144226194 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck,TWh/yr,171.0759190111961,132.8732532707483,89.24849253142305,71.1297632285886,67.38866556562277,66.66297611409139 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Electricity,TWh/yr,1.847768752774653,16.32823245885314,42.86763930850584,61.83765795545333,65.46337728224611,65.88903075963667 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Gases,TWh/yr,10.86155480706447,23.1006991710558,12.65954315713825,1.967878133996955,0.2413439855215881,0.067926241280745 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0005983140950352778,0.05857543635455,0.1094218739475425,0.02337150249213917,0.007686731565602223 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Liquids,TWh/yr,158.3665954513569,93.44372332674416,33.66273462942416,7.21480526519075,1.660572795362889,0.6983323816083722 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,10.53137859751522,6.821391802852333,3.298947993683583,1.305879752999525,0.7140463020060417,0.3491661908041861 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.9344372332674417,3.366273462942417,1.803701316297689,0.9465264933568444,0.3491661908041861 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,147.8352168538417,85.68789429062444,26.99751317279839,4.105224195893528,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Liquids|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation,billion EUR2020/yr,90.41156997914054,93.89096831780684,91.18150683396847,88.38034532700239,87.28652466720624,86.01597116342803 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Bus,billion EUR2020/yr,1.833114475510359,2.106444441561507,1.727969665352226,1.711699800853199,1.946034732361158,1.21102397419484 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Bus|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,1.480364720285784,2.030187790223053,1.676429877402616,1.704385968765702,1.946034732361158,1.21102397419484 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Bus|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Bus|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,0.3527497552245746,0.07625665133845448,0.0515397879496124,0.00731383208749716,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Domestic Aviation,billion EUR2020/yr,0.4560905072675088,0.4746238325359355,0.4391312132438668,0.4980584481652987,0.4692160971760367,0.3743480328408832 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.2543582141546367,0.384651641598262,0.4287465842098125,0.4980584481652987,0.4692160971760367,0.3743480328408832 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Domestic Navigation,billion EUR2020/yr,0.2169026929842709,0.1996306213783107,0.1168601433153971,0.08898279180463513,0.07808810016556285,0.06530209023178733 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.05124046719784733,0.05711607771109197,0.05062593905215204,0.04863602028145649,0.06671020281456917,0.06278487168874104 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1656622257864235,0.1425145436672179,0.0662342042632442,0.0403467715231784,0.01137789735099292,0.00251721854304616 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV,billion EUR2020/yr,63.06885001787862,62.38026281134152,58.59008757836424,56.74187577694496,55.73791177719746,54.3451944350036 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,5.75334867095286,5.411490365900952,3.029456546865932,0.7047479995348415,-1.537443339010453,-3.462819896058004 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,28.91219231966898,52.84527440821146,57.16519976692054,56.7367200872906,55.7354393436562,54.34346428637642 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,4.962147932006468,4.952958965202876,2.911886901543384,0.7047479995348415,-1.537443339010453,-3.462819896058004 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|FCEV|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,28.78184299821282,5.262692842170656,0.07243910729528599,0.00515568965438,0.0024724335412636,0.001730148627204 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|PHEV,billion EUR2020/yr,5.374814699996728,4.272295560959432,1.352448704148432,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|PHEV|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,0.7912007389463936,0.4585314006980764,0.117569645322548,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Rail,billion EUR2020/yr,2.531195370096369,2.818591766955776,2.374170239716777,1.717185526057335,1.427976059943759,1.19152350265817 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Rail|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,2.509862219252482,2.81839974276196,2.374170239716777,1.717185526057335,1.427976059943759,1.19152350265817 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Rail|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Rail|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,0.02133315084389044,0.0001920241938162,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck,billion EUR2020/yr,23.96238572047204,26.92490034301662,28.01564970652286,27.4942869131889,27.63987905660568,29.07790317413116 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,1.660887122242756,2.666932384808914,2.41486580342646,0.9325105924706132,-0.9787743081433558,-2.88872343011026 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,9.592795589458076,21.386654278716,26.63952147219098,27.01319871528716,26.84481131548072,27.91244426137786 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|BEV|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,1.433430344330125,2.54724399505265,2.346059510512594,0.8864693790593264,-1.110365448353541,-3.057459905779484 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0007224245708263381,0.0119127461576292,0.003797581235405,0.0012321704924926,0.001047232492632174 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|FCEV|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0001565137468206635,0.0007553873476015108,-6.75625634688923e-05,-7.067266439394979e-05,-0.000152275074009433 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,13.00881331287353,4.664099777515068,0.7457967733709324,0.1275062246587894,0.0302347575224408,0.0163083724807844 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.007190224240159001,0.014535752203742,0.0099466745774284,0.1414026489894918,0.6560722345106584,1.06318819989637 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,0.003263679316794,0.0048222353581866,0.002828999358918,0.0330017264206085,0.1308893212398926,0.1722695925692172 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,0.07080886648303,0.3539465275769726,0.5147392124882212,0.1814088383551536,0.0990694591505008,0.07801039131971702 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0176310559936106,0.0542998414198316,0.05548142125790061,0.0106591585976986,-5.370654316618987e-05,-0.003870540422049 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|PHEV,billion EUR2020/yr,1.282777727417209,0.5049415824339905,0.093732827737651,0.0269729046628852,0.008459119448866601,0.0069047165637686 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|PHEV|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,0.2065620426022232,0.0604097992314234,0.0097404849494466,0.002447890956448,0.0008261981778509458,0.0004896985960639942 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation,billion EUR2020/yr,15.27416177721453,17.72533693538194,18.16358394154281,18.02633309494203,18.12228626305673,17.47335527498905 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Bus,billion EUR2020/yr,0.2022966050326059,0.2351746628300039,0.1490846280306623,0.1377529913283743,0.1602436432967111,0.04516291981167684 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Bus|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1968619907690684,0.2351746628300039,0.1490846280306623,0.1377529913283743,0.1602436432967111,0.04516291981167684 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Bus|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Bus|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0054346142635374,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Domestic Aviation,billion EUR2020/yr,0.002150982558548778,0.00332853772065952,0.00365357149918944,0.00411953077010068,0.00384440391574148,0.00343119529683072 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.00206836449021192,0.00328295132954396,0.0036417985588486,0.004118536027846001,0.00384440391574148,0.00343119529683072 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Domestic Navigation,billion EUR2020/yr,0.008021139452262441,0.009197394971026281,0.008089576434878442,0.007585129690948561,0.009352977373067641,0.00977112306843172 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.006197666597681481,0.007532517591059201,0.006964596440396481,0.006688554083884321,0.00871360927152256,0.009250082781456481 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,0.00182347285458008,0.00166487737996608,0.001124979994481059,0.0008965756070640083,0.000639368101545255,0.0005210402869757179 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV,billion EUR2020/yr,1.354358960479705,2.897223578232582,3.86697150891391,4.578622402323492,4.82936888239715,4.708803082095535 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,1.354358960479705,2.897223578232582,3.86697150891391,4.578622402323492,4.82936888239715,4.708803082095535 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Private,billion EUR2020/yr,0.4589635998350928,1.24799003275315,2.078764480679656,2.503180730661222,2.515763861816474,2.421231236586366 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Public,billion EUR2020/yr,0.6932030511905712,0.9585393180074507,0.7538569761948535,0.755911071038128,0.7171139804444758,0.4802846489526422 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Work,billion EUR2020/yr,0.2021923094540442,0.6906942274719808,1.034350052039397,1.319530600624138,1.596491040136198,1.807287196556522 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Rail,billion EUR2020/yr,5.46734710805315,5.51646912903736,5.387511325154149,5.2203155738184,5.100970619728312,4.992598901460649 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Rail|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,-0.00710123567063064,-0.03430091136689484,-0.081517167554634,-0.1241080876218758,-0.1632089986178532,-0.1935038518763517 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Rail|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1404866642706163,0.2007122492341112,0.152792500553345,0.07630722004207544,0.04610084919416472,0.01499431773928044 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Rail|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Rail|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,2.68723539663219e-05,1.11483884715584e-07,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Rail|Railtracks,billion EUR2020/yr,5.32683357142857,5.315692158203114,5.23459085936053,5.143882605997504,5.054746201791222,4.977543403021683 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Rail|Railtracks|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,-0.0050407485169076,-0.041584693657557,-0.08209758336346341,-0.1215161619527016,-0.1553459299012516 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Road,billion EUR2020/yr,8.01845199999999,7.989868525061955,7.782884961598667,7.553969135509924,7.331786346809296,7.141504641288714 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Road|Additional,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,-0.0307920944859304,-0.2539879792913166,-0.5013653687173341,-0.7420521289559521,-0.9486513283024595 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Truck,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1984106266949038,0.9870033936885034,1.000327763446961,0.5823171192233019,0.5676577242449248,0.5514181591124838 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Truck|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0972838666549038,0.5002572627205042,0.6003277606709632,0.182179720551302,0.3265355278529248,0.5445104004084839 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Truck|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.006818,0.032602,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0943087600399996,0.4541441309679998,0.4000000027759996,0.4001373986719996,0.2411221963919994,0.006907758703999201 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Transportation|Energiewende,billion EUR2020/yr,9.319987644038221,12.37529444598405,10.32979719146274,6.440625781081772,2.236906111102222,-2.121898606548049 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation,billion EUR2020/yr,43.6038343457683,37.6698651411841,29.9129473621757,24.7728682407739,22.3275225978468,21.1829737833723 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Bus,billion EUR2020/yr,0.334725239395048,0.443228187985282,0.5275849965730991,0.52330349349261,0.5057626145451091,0.476631768540704 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Domestic Aviation,billion EUR2020/yr,0.199705959107303,0.215935042810023,0.228775977773215,0.244669543070565,0.262250676021135,0.271312486313004 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Domestic Navigation,billion EUR2020/yr,0.13305864548841,0.13858715981995,0.13725000388038,0.130643888400248,0.122744685171771,0.113564200900248 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Energy,billion EUR2020/yr,98.9360212293747,97.2881582607998,65.5645644056452,40.5889211759021,31.4788809499148,28.902072377726 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Energy|Diesel,billion EUR2020/yr,68.4014521502103,56.5390332657439,25.7724032890595,6.80181895920144,1.04871127269557,0.229728122726145 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Energy|Electricity,billion EUR2020/yr,6.49104794225736,17.2305957150309,26.0538586628858,29.3756767297161,29.6392652762282,28.5634623462334 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Energy|Methane,billion EUR2020/yr,2.07449510996907,4.64955762351284,3.23698237707203,0.7688750874332251,0.127593839815085,0.023735705208153 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Energy|Other Non-Fossil,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.000233363079068669,0.019918834864284,0.031740484432209,0.005750427307776001,0.001845541203204 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Energy|Petrol,billion EUR2020/yr,21.9690260269379,18.868738293433,10.4814012417635,3.61080991511913,0.657560133868145,0.083300662355067 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV,billion EUR2020/yr,29.3035833722169,25.6556758207661,20.8914371544613,17.0616567899279,15.105530755949,14.206192273509 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,2.65147866592199,7.557127554045,11.613440137623,13.796235687117,14.305901225709,14.083823392482 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,25.4107376198529,16.2251727639931,7.55226782400136,2.413043019151,0.450533554729,0.045208330936 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|PHEV,billion EUR2020/yr,1.241367086442,1.873375502728,1.725729192837,0.8523780836599999,0.349095975510999,0.077160550091 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Non-Energy,billion EUR2020/yr,43.6038343457683,37.6698651411841,29.9129473621757,24.7728682407739,22.3275225978468,21.1829737833723 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Rail,billion EUR2020/yr,1.21025823688841,1.29248842913432,1.35787656068557,1.35745836015062,1.31402279094692,1.2452372511216 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck,billion EUR2020/yr,12.4225028926721,9.9239505006684,6.77002266880207,5.45513616573186,5.01721107521288,4.87003580298776 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.424639299505264,2.06180117247545,3.88561955994551,4.81114562815756,4.81800260945951,4.69483278638727 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.00011667237375804,0.004821766202235,0.004913027280743,0.001187025776956,0.0004745864833998081 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,11.7549907565397,7.25001787159723,2.3454982209014,0.3761689251233341,0.07796068069103,0.025380664973448 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.000257286802166574,0.001061272266892,0.001608978990336,0.002350060362486,0.031540887863722,0.091789961673943 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,0.011512613671402,0.09831475756711801,0.289843070249642,0.207494597222124,0.07585107505558,0.05262695942876101 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|PHEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.231102936153546,0.512638754387943,0.242631072512928,0.053063927585617,0.012668796366073,0.00493084404093 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation,billion EUR2020/yr,0.202721408606484,0.6575586994857431,1.34462164006248,2.01874106947439,2.51289793180967,2.82549832405001 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|Bus,billion EUR2020/yr,0.037596318973956,0.057035325339996,0.070777526961221,0.079498068455968,0.09135676554563,0.095830251077385 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|Domestic Aviation,billion EUR2020/yr,0.000188230625258799,0.0004742764306989361,0.0008160861695041,0.001202545554791,0.001591784140623,0.001807696053052 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|Domestic Navigation,billion EUR2020/yr,0.001315912579332,0.002054706901903,0.002734308171219,0.003307293822433,0.003993208557533,0.004367182843543 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.110281576304687,0.4862736620632641,1.09644150960421,1.70643960331683,2.13793368090875,2.44592756176027 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.110281576304687,0.4862736620632641,1.09644150960421,1.70643960331683,2.13793368090875,2.44592756176027 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Private,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Public,billion EUR2020/yr,0.057429656983548,0.153143864467835,0.241762534665794,0.276229115746024,0.265384172395321,0.239203731419911 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Work,billion EUR2020/yr,0.052851919321139,0.333129797595429,0.854678974938418,1.43021048757081,1.87254950851343,2.20672383034036 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|LDV|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|Rail,billion EUR2020/yr,0.048976038244849,0.06478392516025401,0.07979246185613101,0.087110867804135,0.08971685839767701,0.08925999805630501 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|Truck,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0043633318784,0.046936803589624,0.09405974730019201,0.141182690520224,0.188305634259455,0.188305634259456 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|Truck|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.006936803831224,0.014059747264192,0.021182690725824,0.028305634187456,0.028305634187456 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,OM Cost|Infrastructure|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0043633318784,0.0399999997584,0.080000000036,0.1199999997944,0.160000000071999,0.160000000072 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV,million,3.000895,2.836228,2.73414,2.742885,2.785113,2.788123 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|BEV,million,1.208463,2.384539,2.733535,2.742685,2.784982,2.788007 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Compact Car,million,0.450372,0.812954,0.966293,1.038289,1.12424,1.195496 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Large Car and SUV,million,0.108078,0.240138,0.252482,0.225856,0.201136,0.173068 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Midsize Car,million,0.650013,1.331447,1.51476,1.47854,1.459606,1.419443 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|Compact Car,million,0.9098700000000001,0.9312039999999999,0.966379,1.038385,1.124347,1.195612 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|FCEV,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|FCEV|Compact Car,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|FCEV|Large Car and SUV,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|FCEV|Midsize Car,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|ICE,million,1.719401,0.273897,0.000605,0.0002,0.000131,0.000116 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|ICE|Compact Car,million,0.456462,0.103163,8.6e-05,9.6e-05,0.000107,0.000116 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|ICE|Large Car and SUV,million,0.217018,0.043268,0.000519,0.000104,2.4e-05,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|ICE|Midsize Car,million,1.045921,0.127466,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|Large Car and SUV,million,0.338625,0.291243,0.253001,0.22596,0.20116,0.173068 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|Midsize Car,million,1.7524,1.613781,1.51476,1.47854,1.459606,1.419443 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|PHEV,million,0.073031,0.177792,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|PHEV|Compact Car,million,0.003036,0.015087,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|PHEV|Large Car and SUV,million,0.013529,0.007837,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|PHEV|Midsize Car,million,0.056466,0.154868,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck,million,0.448772646347,0.4609024236679961,0.461409200593012,0.455927210544988,0.469781922277987,0.5134343435380131 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|BEV,million,0.215103314317479,0.398135160666938,0.448571427277264,0.4515381605467491,0.463206263658911,0.503297141442261 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|BEV|Tractor Truck,million,0.002602371545434,0.017645145212962,0.033951593516897,0.035981518927874,0.035004362235393,0.03422239930878401 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|BEV|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.199656301291241,0.339966981767421,0.363081371266035,0.363956154203696,0.382119095035252,0.4267897723588711 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|BEV|Truck (12t),million,0.001406708094697,0.005743386759794001,0.007285493153463001,0.00766214471625,0.007744445813255001,0.008118401526554 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|BEV|Truck (12t+),million,0.006097312863558001,0.020150311865333,0.025959712011287,0.025099701056515,0.019919782277423,0.016080616776242 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|BEV|Truck (7.5t),million,0.005340620522547,0.014629335061428,0.018293257329581,0.018838641642412,0.018418578297585,0.018085951471808 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|FCEV,million,0.0,8.85204377557994e-06,0.000162364652908358,7.18308770262676e-05,1.91060638076478e-05,2.16036562799432e-05 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|FCEV|Tractor Truck,million,0.0,0.0,5.646413452395081e-05,3.11114555258031e-06,1.03908917810493e-07,4.8587857884153e-09 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|FCEV|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.0,0.0,7.283744402925901e-05,5.729971665045971e-05,1.21656000608596e-05,1.61677850108984e-05 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|FCEV|Truck (12t),million,0.0,8.85204377557994e-06,1.36341923971065e-05,7.728659608916379e-06,5.85874185739244e-06,4.50400194502471e-06 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|FCEV|Truck (12t+),million,0.0,0.0,1.25789040801471e-05,3.75971481177425e-07,3.419458950681e-10,1.2687614700428e-09 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|FCEV|Truck (7.5t),million,0.0,0.0,6.84997787789476e-06,3.31538373313377e-06,9.77471025690224e-07,9.257417767616029e-07 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|ICE,million,0.201440487958142,0.051750714868512,0.007378898442066,0.001796846541889,0.000317205065155771,0.000277887764407275 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|ICE|Tractor Truck,million,0.036126275722093,0.020106860216462,0.002165931929123,0.000164837645630518,1.8850531918048e-06,7.7352643487427e-08 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|ICE|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.130649496071945,0.020553953506768,0.003431846517272,0.00102487090958,0.000201586816174585,0.000215505720152997 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|ICE|Truck (12t),million,0.004898065453852,0.001936279701346,0.000480885458364243,0.000149822442606642,8.450986990600301e-05,5.160105437282631e-05 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|ICE|Truck (12t+),million,0.020576017653228,0.007152290878646001,0.0009516764755536221,0.000366502183621222,1.47672512361364e-06,8.82483841700535e-08 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|ICE|Truck (7.5t),million,0.009190633057022,0.002001330565288,0.000348558061753653,9.08133604502684e-05,2.77466007597648e-05,1.06153888537947e-05 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line,million,0.000491433325683747,0.002415894236595,0.003670998198533,0.002019346249323,0.006124151408003001,0.009726798086397 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV,million,4.8973286816918e-05,0.00012375648304906,7.8334958644308e-05,0.000855051457971895,0.005333529307213001,0.009119127267408001 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV|Tractor Truck,million,4.008119954655249e-06,7.72738875321938e-06,7.041298045784919e-06,1.49203470568634e-06,1.85324185182631e-07,1.83324465491355e-08 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV|Truck (12t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV|Truck (12t+),million,4.49651668622628e-05,0.000116029094295841,7.129366059852301e-05,0.000853559423266209,0.005333343983028,0.009119108934962001 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV|Truck (7.5t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE,million,0.0004424600388668291,0.002292137753546,0.003592663239889,0.001164294791351,0.000790622100789763,0.000607670818988799 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE|Tractor Truck,million,0.000293928832516975,0.001758701891821,0.002927590361409,0.001038528556236,0.000453718958311527,0.000271210947339266 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE|Truck (12t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE|Truck (12t+),million,0.000148531206349853,0.0005334358617250121,0.000665072878480204,0.000125766235115513,0.000336903142478236,0.000336459871649533 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE|Truck (7.5t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|PHEV,million,0.031737410745695,0.008591801852174001,0.001625512022239,0.0005010263299998271,0.00011519608210932,0.000110912588667803 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|PHEV|Tractor Truck,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|PHEV|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.028061519636814,0.007276021625806,0.001360003472677,0.000421454170061514,8.32927484989822e-05,8.665713597897231e-05 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|PHEV|Truck (12t),million,0.00130410702845,0.000659345143083545,0.000179243268775478,5.567815653420381e-05,2.72530629811018e-05,2.01168351276996e-05 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|PHEV|Truck (12t+),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|PHEV|Truck (7.5t),million,0.00237178408043,0.0006564350832840211,8.62652807869441e-05,2.38940034041094e-05,4.65027062923643e-06,4.13861756113188e-06 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Tractor Truck,million,0.039026584219999,0.039518434709999,0.039108621239999,0.03718948830999901,0.03546025548,0.034493710799999 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.358367317,0.367796956899996,0.367946058700013,0.365459778999988,0.382416140199987,0.427108103000013 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Truck (12t),million,0.007608880577000001,0.008347863648000001,0.007959256072999,0.007875373974999001,0.007862067488,0.008194623418 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Truck (12t+),million,0.02686682689,0.0279520677,0.027660333929999,0.026445904869999,0.02559150647,0.0255362751 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Truck (7.5t),million,0.01690303766,0.01728710071,0.018734930649999,0.018956664389999,0.018451952639999,0.018101631219999 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV,million,44.2579233799999,42.52481777,40.23114825,38.517793,37.95129,38.027206 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|BEV,million,4.053547,13.601581,24.864404,32.839074,36.604592,37.844768 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Compact Car,million,1.683535,4.906898,8.828036,11.786532,13.672766,14.942003 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Large Car and SUV,million,0.221828,1.234053,2.400284,3.066272,3.141825,2.881409 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|BEV|Midsize Car,million,2.148184,7.46063,13.636084,17.98627,19.790001,20.021356 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|Compact Car,million,12.49060775,12.5783496,12.75518358,13.189685,13.97942,14.976688 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|FCEV,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|FCEV|Compact Car,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|FCEV|Large Car and SUV,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|FCEV|Midsize Car,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|ICE,million,38.89137638,26.82141477,13.16705025,4.340516,0.795076,0.06221000000000001 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|ICE|Compact Car,million,10.69370775,7.5090346,3.73926658,1.284927,0.253489,0.021841 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|ICE|Large Car and SUV,million,4.971520930000001,3.48066971,1.75054156999999,0.588649,0.113832,0.011125 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|ICE|Midsize Car,million,23.2261477,15.83171046,7.6772421,2.46694,0.427755,0.029244 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|Large Car and SUV,million,5.36930193,4.92592771,4.31459157,3.735722,3.283224,2.898066 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|Midsize Car,million,26.3980137,25.02054046,23.1613731,21.592386,20.688646,20.152452 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|PHEV,million,1.313,2.101822,2.199694,1.338203,0.551622,0.120228 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|PHEV|Compact Car,million,0.113365,0.162417,0.187881,0.118226,0.053165,0.012844 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|PHEV|Large Car and SUV,million,0.175953,0.211205,0.163766,0.080801,0.027567,0.005532 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|PHEV|Midsize Car,million,1.023682,1.7282,1.848047,1.139176,0.47089,0.101852 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck,million,3.46310752160499,3.62134705010998,3.72347581057596,3.74990632958502,3.73134482656902,3.89308139591099 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|BEV,million,0.217427912028733,1.69433018739559,3.13900699322317,3.62521837675535,3.68672049695523,3.83243372719361 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|BEV|Tractor Truck,million,0.00189697610351,0.035144712078908,0.138909096503411,0.20893223323873,0.213465923421768,0.207722014778548 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|BEV|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.204925234445773,1.53130938819074,2.64802006338632,2.89958515215583,2.93100942501983,3.11952400725515 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|BEV|Truck (12t),million,0.001095045588611,0.015665543373821,0.047612592627658,0.070246786850958,0.075635153197569,0.077788130915869 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|BEV|Truck (12t+),million,0.005005043757132,0.061808036361295,0.172500206540602,0.246600371457606,0.244772393035242,0.205089622481646 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|BEV|Truck (7.5t),million,0.004505612133705,0.05040250739083101,0.131965034165178,0.199853833052227,0.221837602280822,0.222309951762397 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|FCEV,million,0.0,5.446737770604629e-06,0.000354653529234541,0.000978797638350396,0.000581986045960544,0.000215735973736793 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|FCEV|Tractor Truck,million,0.0,0.0,8.65318703362626e-05,0.000210008544465039,1.05846287133096e-05,4.19659492079797e-07 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|FCEV|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.0,0.0,0.000130157433171527,0.000520770918735584,0.000390588642699304,0.000122671833076299 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|FCEV|Truck (12t),million,0.0,5.418344468894299e-06,7.05549177892005e-05,0.000128724730447432,0.000100721795546435,6.458497492047461e-05 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|FCEV|Truck (12t+),million,0.0,0.0,4.88509605387976e-05,7.469544652248101e-05,2.63174213036172e-05,4.7699608473413e-07 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|FCEV|Truck (7.5t),million,0.0,2.83933017103258e-08,1.85583473987522e-05,4.45979981798583e-05,5.37735576978775e-05,2.7582510163206e-05 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|ICE,million,3.20759394836317,1.75726387522541,0.468038458394422,0.083769834681696,0.017406064882137,0.005161449247225 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|ICE|Tractor Truck,million,0.235736974494119,0.197578759157195,0.084548783266989,0.008749325681535,0.000690575601732445,7.410844446631659e-06 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|ICE|Truck (0-3.5t),million,2.46399438727023,1.17029918281249,0.19928405915679,0.030616735382371,0.007604067814703,0.002037234709083 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|ICE|Truck (12t),million,0.059633919046181,0.048961567851731,0.024905854644337,0.007674714916655,0.002184107295249,0.001018873814477 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|ICE|Truck (12t+),million,0.251190404634237,0.204228212011684,0.09843808176737001,0.022835214916607,0.004326111103425,0.001382708572645 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|ICE|Truck (7.5t),million,0.197038262918401,0.136196153392315,0.06086167955893301,0.013893843784527,0.002601203067026,0.0007152213065720871 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line,million,0.000498406811000866,0.006021584830916001,0.02209019242075,0.020706579224531,0.022057955407812,0.053905685017136 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV,million,6.063546190352601e-05,0.000444675797551907,0.0009548266936693331,0.0007778228960171911,0.014525994869756,0.04919279295764101 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV|Tractor Truck,million,4.21971208260335e-06,2.48452937765666e-05,4.89049267162675e-05,3.02843146713009e-05,6.02845953777769e-06,7.4798946172976e-07 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV|Truck (12t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV|Truck (12t+),million,5.641574982092271e-05,0.00041983050377534,0.0009059217669530661,0.0007475385813458901,0.014519966410219,0.04919204496817901 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|BEV|Truck (7.5t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE,million,0.00043777134909734,0.005576909033364,0.021135365727081,0.019928756328514,0.007531960538055001,0.004712892059494001 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE|Tractor Truck,million,0.00028652044028793,0.00397501567012,0.015882640282546,0.014042486780597,0.004937361278247,0.002519448338051 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE|Truck (12t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE|Truck (12t+),million,0.000151250908809409,0.001601893363244,0.005252725444534001,0.005886269547916,0.002594599259808,0.002193443721443 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Overhead Line|ICE|Truck (7.5t),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|PHEV,million,0.03758725440208,0.163725955920278,0.093985513008391,0.019232741285085,0.004578323277871,0.001364798479281 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|PHEV|Tractor Truck,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|PHEV|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.03300184458398001,0.143570743496748,0.071514542623686,0.01201640554308,0.003111544222785,0.0008416439026814602 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|PHEV|Truck (12t),million,0.001637213110206,0.007824207429978,0.008406797336215,0.002799364726938,0.000806179250634215,0.000352337435732709 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|PHEV|Truck (12t+),million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|PHEV|Truck (7.5t),million,0.002948196707892,0.012331004993551,0.014064173048489,0.004416971015066,0.000660599804452529,0.000170817140867102 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Tractor Truck,million,0.23792469075,0.2367233322,0.23947595685,0.231964338559999,0.219110473389999,0.21025004161 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Truck (0-3.5t),million,2.70192146629999,2.84517931449998,2.91894882259996,2.94273906400002,2.94211562570002,3.12252555769999 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Truck (12t),million,0.062366177745,0.07245673700000001,0.080995799526,0.080849591224999,0.078726161538999,0.079223927140999 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Truck (12t+),million,0.256403115049999,0.268057972239999,0.27714578648,0.276144089949999,0.266239387229999,0.257858296739999 -Aladin v1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Truck (7.5t),million,0.204492071759999,0.198929694169999,0.20690944512,0.21820924585,0.22515317871,0.22322357272 -Ariadne-Indikation,ExPol,Deutschland,Price|Carbon,EUR2020/t CO2,80.26816173811885,100.0,140.0,170.0,200.0,200.0 -Ariadne-Indikation,ExPol,Deutschland,Price|Carbon|ETS,EUR2020/t CO2,80.26816173811885,100.0,140.0,170.0,200.0,200.0 -Ariadne-Indikation,ExPol,Deutschland,Price|Carbon|National Climate Target,EUR2020/t CO2,45.05398844816703,100.0,140.0,170.0,200.0,200.0 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Price|Carbon,EUR2020/t CO2,108.8395903095474,200.0,300.0,400.0,500.0,500.0 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Price|Carbon|ETS,EUR2020/t CO2,108.8395903095474,200.0,300.0,400.0,500.0,500.0 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Price|Carbon|National Climate Target,EUR2020/t CO2,45.05398844816703,200.0,300.0,400.0,500.0,500.0 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Price|Final Energy|Commercial|Electricity,EUR2020/GJ,59.08032150028144,58.21503888131016,53.69457798233171,51.01248972234305,51.40149797365262,51.84850146280201 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Price|Final Energy|Commercial|Electricity Heating,EUR2020/GJ,50.40728488296117,48.75125322371613,44.92669986381207,42.94015284304645,42.36716299907005,41.85186789947317 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Price|Final Energy|Commercial|Gases|Natural Gas,EUR2020/GJ,21.662213862319,25.84110937401256,31.35038228748443,39.28521332337309,47.38317920521497,51.00840004492457 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Price|Final Energy|Commercial|Hydrogen,EUR2020/GJ,83.75093768822795,69.44444444444444,62.03703703703703,54.6296296296296,47.22222222222223,47.22222222222223 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Price|Final Energy|Commercial|Liquids|Oil,EUR2020/GJ,39.7298971883178,52.48188750131391,57.87621643178923,63.40357362844057,69.05141862434579,67.86394868779938 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Price|Final Energy|Industry EI|Electricity,EUR2020/GJ,28.39007788337644,28.08451701906492,24.69618263483405,21.94135918102448,21.29050492932224,20.64145363838187 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Price|Final Energy|Industry EI|Gases|Natural Gas,EUR2020/GJ,18.40816892964826,19.1318964146235,24.63782881999652,30.57546728879111,36.26612995730537,36.40542260866182 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Price|Final Energy|Industry EI|Hydrogen,EUR2020/GJ,80.53913213267238,63.88888888888889,56.48148148148147,49.07407407407405,41.66666666666666,41.66666666666666 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Price|Final Energy|Industry EI|Liquids|Oil,EUR2020/GJ,27.22036921893543,37.62730765546997,45.2752515973659,52.92319553926183,60.57113948115776,60.4413056452759 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Price|Final Energy|Industry EI|Solids|Coal,EUR2020/GJ,13.84604068421972,21.34476476898642,31.08116848616791,40.81757220334939,50.55397592053088,50.56815741549016 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Price|Final Energy|Industry|Electricity,EUR2020/GJ,44.12326765502581,43.21502632272199,38.99004266153932,36.07617420580706,35.74125605685567,35.44611572971284 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Price|Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Natural Gas,EUR2020/GJ,21.21505441278906,21.65170638427814,26.9493110539665,33.15093173066651,38.83599387908634,39.61493063657549 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Price|Final Energy|Industry|Hydrogen,EUR2020/GJ,82.14503491045016,66.66666666666667,59.25925925925925,51.85185185185183,44.44444444444445,44.44444444444445 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Price|Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Oil,EUR2020/GJ,27.22036921893543,37.62730765546997,45.2752515973659,52.92319553926183,60.57113948115776,60.4413056452759 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Price|Final Energy|Industry|Solids|Coal,EUR2020/GJ,13.84604068421972,21.34476476898642,31.08116848616791,40.81757220334939,50.55397592053088,50.56815741549016 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Price|Final Energy|Residential|Electricity,EUR2020/GJ,68.61982922779494,67.11175317989033,64.57940973704186,64.41301687909248,64.66188082517877,64.98722035691395 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Price|Final Energy|Residential|Electricity Heating,EUR2020/GJ,52.50574246455301,50.34680535228016,46.01914432703123,44.0343569960456,43.46296095731863,42.94910941624106 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Price|Final Energy|Residential|Gases|Natural Gas,EUR2020/GJ,23.75301465079512,27.86552864642864,33.33796576972216,41.94061060966748,50.74933050193845,55.38477196001323 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Price|Final Energy|Residential|Liquids|Oil,EUR2020/GJ,39.7298971883178,52.48188750131391,57.87621643178923,63.40357362844057,69.05141862434579,67.86394868779938 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Price|Secondary Energy|Electricity,EUR2020/GJ,24.72478314948563,25.0,22.22222222222222,19.44444444444445,18.75,18.05555555555556 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Price|Secondary Energy|Gases|Natural Gas,EUR2020/GJ,10.99006127120077,6.807514642624827,6.856844458875733,6.906174275126636,6.95550409137754,7.004833907628445 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Price|Secondary Energy|Hydrogen,EUR2020/GJ,61.11111111111111,50.0,42.59259259259258,35.18518518518517,27.77777777777778,27.77777777777778 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Price|Secondary Energy|Liquids|Oil,EUR2020/GJ,18.75506775041508,22.07175209991441,21.94191826403256,21.81208442815072,21.68225059226886,21.55241675638701 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Price|Secondary Energy|Solids|Coal,EUR2020/GJ,3.264413848569284,1.900320324541968,1.914501819501236,1.928683314460504,1.942864809419772,1.957046304379042 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Price|Carbon,EUR2020/t CO2,108.8395903095474,200.0,300.0,400.0,500.0,500.0 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Price|Carbon|ETS,EUR2020/t CO2,108.8395903095474,200.0,300.0,400.0,500.0,500.0 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Price|Carbon|National Climate Target,EUR2020/t CO2,45.05398844816703,200.0,300.0,400.0,500.0,500.0 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Price|Final Energy|Commercial|Electricity,EUR2020/GJ,59.08032150028144,58.21503888131016,53.69457798233171,51.01248972234305,51.40149797365262,51.84850146280201 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Price|Final Energy|Commercial|Electricity Heating,EUR2020/GJ,50.40728488296117,48.75125322371613,44.92669986381207,42.94015284304645,42.36716299907005,41.85186789947317 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Price|Final Energy|Commercial|Gases|Natural Gas,EUR2020/GJ,21.662213862319,25.84110937401256,31.35038228748443,39.28521332337309,47.38317920521497,51.00840004492457 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Price|Final Energy|Commercial|Hydrogen,EUR2020/GJ,83.75093768822795,61.11111111111111,54.16666666666666,47.22222222222223,40.27777777777777,40.27777777777777 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Price|Final Energy|Commercial|Liquids|Oil,EUR2020/GJ,39.7298971883178,52.48188750131391,57.87621643178923,63.40357362844057,69.05141862434579,67.86394868779938 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Price|Final Energy|Industry EI|Electricity,EUR2020/GJ,28.39007788337644,28.08451701906492,24.69618263483405,21.94135918102448,21.29050492932224,20.64145363838187 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Price|Final Energy|Industry EI|Gases|Natural Gas,EUR2020/GJ,18.40816892964826,19.1318964146235,24.63782881999652,30.57546728879111,36.26612995730537,36.40542260866182 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Price|Final Energy|Industry EI|Hydrogen,EUR2020/GJ,80.53913213267238,55.55555555555556,48.61111111111111,41.66666666666666,34.72222222222222,34.72222222222222 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Price|Final Energy|Industry EI|Liquids|Oil,EUR2020/GJ,27.22036921893543,37.62730765546997,45.2752515973659,52.92319553926183,60.57113948115776,60.4413056452759 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Price|Final Energy|Industry EI|Solids|Coal,EUR2020/GJ,13.84604068421972,21.34476476898642,31.08116848616791,40.81757220334939,50.55397592053088,50.56815741549016 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Price|Final Energy|Industry|Electricity,EUR2020/GJ,44.12326765502581,43.21502632272199,38.99004266153932,36.07617420580706,35.74125605685567,35.44611572971284 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Price|Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Natural Gas,EUR2020/GJ,21.21505441278906,21.65170638427814,26.9493110539665,33.15093173066651,38.83599387908634,39.61493063657549 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Price|Final Energy|Industry|Hydrogen,EUR2020/GJ,82.14503491045016,58.33333333333334,51.38888888888889,44.44444444444445,37.5,37.5 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Price|Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Oil,EUR2020/GJ,27.22036921893543,37.62730765546997,45.2752515973659,52.92319553926183,60.57113948115776,60.4413056452759 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Price|Final Energy|Industry|Solids|Coal,EUR2020/GJ,13.84604068421972,21.34476476898642,31.08116848616791,40.81757220334939,50.55397592053088,50.56815741549016 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Price|Final Energy|Residential|Electricity,EUR2020/GJ,68.61982922779494,67.11175317989033,64.57940973704186,64.41301687909248,64.66188082517877,64.98722035691395 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Price|Final Energy|Residential|Electricity Heating,EUR2020/GJ,52.50574246455301,50.34680535228016,46.01914432703123,44.0343569960456,43.46296095731863,42.94910941624106 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Price|Final Energy|Residential|Gases|Natural Gas,EUR2020/GJ,23.75301465079512,27.86552864642864,33.33796576972216,41.94061060966748,50.74933050193845,55.38477196001323 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Price|Final Energy|Residential|Liquids|Oil,EUR2020/GJ,39.7298971883178,52.48188750131391,57.87621643178923,63.40357362844057,69.05141862434579,67.86394868779938 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Price|Secondary Energy|Electricity,EUR2020/GJ,24.72478314948563,25.0,22.22222222222222,19.44444444444445,18.75,18.05555555555556 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Price|Secondary Energy|Gases|Natural Gas,EUR2020/GJ,10.99006127120077,6.807514642624827,6.856844458875733,6.906174275126636,6.95550409137754,7.004833907628445 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Price|Secondary Energy|Hydrogen,EUR2020/GJ,61.11111111111111,41.66666666666666,34.72222222222222,27.77777777777778,20.83333333333333,20.83333333333333 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Price|Secondary Energy|Liquids|Oil,EUR2020/GJ,18.75506775041508,22.07175209991441,21.94191826403256,21.81208442815072,21.68225059226886,21.55241675638701 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Price|Secondary Energy|Solids|Coal,EUR2020/GJ,3.264413848569284,1.900320324541968,1.914501819501236,1.928683314460504,1.942864809419772,1.957046304379042 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Price|Carbon,EUR2020/t CO2,108.8395903095474,200.0,300.0,400.0,500.0,500.0 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Price|Carbon|ETS,EUR2020/t CO2,108.8395903095474,200.0,300.0,400.0,500.0,500.0 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Price|Carbon|National Climate Target,EUR2020/t CO2,45.05398844816703,200.0,300.0,400.0,500.0,500.0 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Price|Final Energy|Commercial|Electricity,EUR2020/GJ,59.08032150028144,58.21503888131016,53.69457798233171,51.01248972234305,51.40149797365262,51.84850146280201 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Price|Final Energy|Commercial|Electricity Heating,EUR2020/GJ,50.40728488296117,48.75125322371613,44.92669986381207,42.94015284304645,42.36716299907005,41.85186789947317 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Price|Final Energy|Commercial|Gases|Natural Gas,EUR2020/GJ,21.662213862319,25.84110937401256,31.35038228748443,39.28521332337309,47.38317920521497,51.00840004492457 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Price|Final Energy|Commercial|Hydrogen,EUR2020/GJ,83.75093768822795,69.44444444444444,62.03703703703703,54.6296296296296,47.22222222222223,47.22222222222223 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Price|Final Energy|Commercial|Liquids|Oil,EUR2020/GJ,39.7298971883178,52.48188750131391,57.87621643178923,63.40357362844057,69.05141862434579,67.86394868779938 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Price|Final Energy|Industry EI|Electricity,EUR2020/GJ,28.39007788337644,28.08451701906492,24.69618263483405,21.94135918102448,21.29050492932224,20.64145363838187 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Price|Final Energy|Industry EI|Gases|Natural Gas,EUR2020/GJ,18.40816892964826,19.1318964146235,24.63782881999652,30.57546728879111,36.26612995730537,36.40542260866182 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Price|Final Energy|Industry EI|Hydrogen,EUR2020/GJ,80.53913213267238,63.88888888888889,56.48148148148147,49.07407407407405,41.66666666666666,41.66666666666666 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Price|Final Energy|Industry EI|Liquids|Oil,EUR2020/GJ,27.22036921893543,37.62730765546997,45.2752515973659,52.92319553926183,60.57113948115776,60.4413056452759 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Price|Final Energy|Industry EI|Solids|Coal,EUR2020/GJ,13.84604068421972,21.34476476898642,31.08116848616791,40.81757220334939,50.55397592053088,50.56815741549016 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Price|Final Energy|Industry|Electricity,EUR2020/GJ,44.12326765502581,43.21502632272199,38.99004266153932,36.07617420580706,35.74125605685567,35.44611572971284 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Price|Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Natural Gas,EUR2020/GJ,21.21505441278906,21.65170638427814,26.9493110539665,33.15093173066651,38.83599387908634,39.61493063657549 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Price|Final Energy|Industry|Hydrogen,EUR2020/GJ,82.14503491045016,66.66666666666667,59.25925925925925,51.85185185185183,44.44444444444445,44.44444444444445 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Price|Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Oil,EUR2020/GJ,27.22036921893543,37.62730765546997,45.2752515973659,52.92319553926183,60.57113948115776,60.4413056452759 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Price|Final Energy|Industry|Solids|Coal,EUR2020/GJ,13.84604068421972,21.34476476898642,31.08116848616791,40.81757220334939,50.55397592053088,50.56815741549016 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Price|Final Energy|Residential|Electricity,EUR2020/GJ,68.61982922779494,67.11175317989033,64.57940973704186,64.41301687909248,64.66188082517877,64.98722035691395 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Price|Final Energy|Residential|Electricity Heating,EUR2020/GJ,52.50574246455301,50.34680535228016,46.01914432703123,44.0343569960456,43.46296095731863,42.94910941624106 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Price|Final Energy|Residential|Gases|Natural Gas,EUR2020/GJ,23.75301465079512,27.86552864642864,33.33796576972216,41.94061060966748,50.74933050193845,55.38477196001323 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Price|Final Energy|Residential|Liquids|Oil,EUR2020/GJ,39.7298971883178,52.48188750131391,57.87621643178923,63.40357362844057,69.05141862434579,67.86394868779938 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Price|Secondary Energy|Electricity,EUR2020/GJ,24.72478314948563,25.0,22.22222222222222,19.44444444444445,18.75,18.05555555555556 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Price|Secondary Energy|Gases|Natural Gas,EUR2020/GJ,10.99006127120077,6.807514642624827,6.856844458875733,6.906174275126636,6.95550409137754,7.004833907628445 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Price|Secondary Energy|Hydrogen,EUR2020/GJ,61.11111111111111,50.0,42.59259259259258,35.18518518518517,27.77777777777778,27.77777777777778 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Price|Secondary Energy|Liquids|Oil,EUR2020/GJ,18.75506775041508,22.07175209991441,21.94191826403256,21.81208442815072,21.68225059226886,21.55241675638701 -Ariadne-Indikation,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Price|Secondary Energy|Solids|Coal,EUR2020/GJ,3.264413848569284,1.900320324541968,1.914501819501236,1.928683314460504,1.942864809419772,1.957046304379042 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Storage|Industry,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,1.564120383,6.720380597,11.768594911,11.216430288,11.449922006 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry,Mt CO2/yr,108.472496039,87.95294681,57.49889800199999,44.625966164,37.43310410699999,34.89094655999999 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry|Chemicals,Mt CO2/yr,14.876277121,13.330602399,11.277394164,10.462391234,10.054556813,9.795449719 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry|Engineering,Mt CO2/yr,1.612789102,1.463148727,1.331572216,1.060001839,0.821170401999999,0.651608516 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry|Food and Tobacco,Mt CO2/yr,7.531023973,6.213950308999999,5.39793348,4.556358294,3.868831462,3.330469939 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry|Non-Ferrous Metals,Mt CO2/yr,3.117732795,2.486384728,2.077358251,1.852548396,1.724712119,1.640107599 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry|Non-Metallic Minerals,Mt CO2/yr,13.912785368,11.466758366,9.246649307,8.302973671,7.848368558,7.821092019 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry|Pulp and Paper,Mt CO2/yr,4.546904353,4.260889195,3.795795584,3.425176163,3.097656068,2.832220463 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry|Steel,Mt CO2/yr,50.546396899,37.550667748,14.31872283,6.422006129,2.771650488,2.669955948 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry|Vehicle Construction,Mt CO2/yr,2.639263307999999,2.263308765,2.014957231,1.683061371,1.38951342,1.164800511 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry|other Industries,Mt CO2/yr,9.689323120000001,8.917236573,8.038514938999999,6.861449066999999,5.856644777,4.985241846 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry,TWh/yr,900.5609228280799,960.6015187183,947.7715224441002,956.51096985306,972.47959014188,994.8465442382403 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use,TWh/yr,676.9587079310801,691.9181997192999,672.1784137881,671.77066338906,678.5754081988799,692.52278129024 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals,TWh/yr,136.9677394293,147.143044458,144.865170355,147.222932155,150.498590501,153.969222311 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Electricity,TWh/yr,45.391463274,54.714115091,60.740161122,65.932358144,70.6718414,75.352831029 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Gases,TWh/yr,48.211277709,40.290454764,36.309445184,35.612859696,35.703291222,35.385777709 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,48.211277709,40.290454764,36.309445184,35.612859696,35.703291222,35.385777709 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Heat,TWh/yr,19.600267782,21.724442134,21.074309122,21.188065485,21.152923234,21.074640558 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,7.03e-08,6.294e-05,0.000141959,0.000350181,0.000851496,0.001646304 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Liquids,TWh/yr,1.834761719,1.647059776,0.6890588919999999,0.439893092,0.333605175,0.273347246 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,1.834761719,1.647059776,0.6890588919999999,0.439893092,0.333605175,0.273347246 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Other,TWh/yr,10.763821024,4.250850401,1.640025719,0.771345213,0.442238941,0.2544556049999998 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Solar,TWh/yr,1.87e-06,1.77e-06,1.59e-06,1.06e-06,5.89e-07,2.61e-07 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Solids,TWh/yr,3.903877922,5.234498177,6.235806155,6.995707261,7.542373708,7.594240166 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.74747705,3.444380298,5.130559620000001,6.179835264999999,6.877180000999999,7.024062373 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,3.156400872,1.790117879,1.105246535,0.8158719959999999,0.665193707,0.5701777929999999 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Waste,TWh/yr,7.262268058999999,19.281559405,18.176220612,16.282352023,14.651464736,14.032283433 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Electricity,TWh/yr,213.96089006,265.482665819,285.274992283,305.621481061,323.594452108,342.435971005 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering,TWh/yr,18.900743639,18.279815249,18.01655496,18.005851977,18.226588311,18.60013659 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Electricity,TWh/yr,9.874147918999999,9.779803954,9.873849025,10.370800474,11.026488105,11.735074423 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Gases,TWh/yr,6.550618195,5.909362159000001,5.353302823999999,4.199023223999999,3.184489894,2.469337399 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,6.550618195,5.909362159000001,5.353302823999999,4.199023223999999,3.184489894,2.469337399 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Heat,TWh/yr,1.095703951,1.236760178,1.459415277,2.189300978,2.838664702,3.253787063 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.000163232,0.000366099,0.0006271209999999999,0.001268313,0.002708187,0.004272324 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Liquids,TWh/yr,0.808356161,0.736686703,0.670834854,0.532764176,0.411647905,0.325596709 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,0.808356161,0.736686703,0.670834854,0.532764176,0.411647905,0.325596709 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Other,TWh/yr,0.00355988,0.003073607999999722,0.002127488,0.001112339999999722,0.0001003839999999985,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Solar,TWh/yr,0.000172267,0.000176378,0.000158423,0.000105621,5.72e-05,2.44e-05 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Solids,TWh/yr,0.463462143,0.5121413109999999,0.557557893,0.615152687,0.66807426,0.720388256 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.296833037,0.3471509699999999,0.395774875,0.457145035,0.513891298,0.571805945 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,0.166629106,0.1649903409999997,0.161783018,0.158007652,0.154182962,0.148582311 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Waste,TWh/yr,0.104559891,0.101444859,0.09868205499999999,0.09632416399999999,0.09435767400000003,0.091656016 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco,TWh/yr,59.350869951,55.85420438,54.009700677,53.121096782,53.026673911,53.5136337793 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Electricity,TWh/yr,19.725494651,21.639752936,22.865404986,24.860178568,27.025717524,29.301861179 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Gases,TWh/yr,31.625226897,25.032820742,21.467628213,17.856110341,14.913788673,12.612845745 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,31.625226897,25.032820742,21.467628213,17.856110341,14.913788673,12.612845745 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Heat,TWh/yr,3.814028059,4.838528035,5.534686821,6.535742148,7.442848433,8.149257762 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,5.080000000000002e-06,9.297e-05,0.000193717,0.000359457,0.00074207,0.001270875 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Liquids,TWh/yr,1.388240557,1.537952727,1.390938458,1.230943043,1.103767088,1.020963647 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,1.388240557,1.537952727,1.390938458,1.230943043,1.103767088,1.020963647 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Other,TWh/yr,0.0,-1.999999978130607e-09,1.999999992008394e-09,2.999999981724219e-09,2.38524477946811e-17,-2.700000000703875e-09 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Solar,TWh/yr,0.000210979,0.000199504,0.000179733,0.000123054,6.98e-05,3.17e-05 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Solids,TWh/yr,2.797466283,2.804687325,2.750516713,2.637502273,2.539612548,2.427283892 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.700865392,0.781603974,0.8789981969999999,0.951762471,1.013579423,1.040320528 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,2.096600891,2.023083351,1.871518516,1.685739802,1.526033125,1.386963364 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Waste,TWh/yr,0.0001974449999999708,0.0001701429999999872,0.0001520339999999745,0.0001378950000000025,0.0001277749999999932,0.0001189819999999966 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases,TWh/yr,208.282166577,178.007528364,148.518477382,128.403575491,115.888642117,106.201679526 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,208.282166577,178.007528364,148.518477382,128.403575491,115.888642117,106.201679526 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Heat,TWh/yr,45.509511928,52.35947943999999,54.614989077,61.890464997,68.155843299,72.503880415 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.03631424408,12.6107902963,55.3072502,68.15023781699999,74.398533807,77.314000948 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids,TWh/yr,11.253143713,17.444632829,13.724418033,12.010628507,10.94152671,10.538710555 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,11.253143713,17.444632829,13.724418033,12.010628507,10.94152671,10.538710555 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals,TWh/yr,29.592559266,31.022823458,30.603578743,30.823309488,31.339264706,31.963940187 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Electricity,TWh/yr,16.059052079,19.317862465,20.136313188,21.066320372,21.95500012,22.851938551 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Gases,TWh/yr,10.162630926,8.253177339,7.36143744,6.783622192999999,6.422680902,6.130093081 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,10.162630926,8.253177339,7.36143744,6.783622192999999,6.422680902,6.130093081 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Heat,TWh/yr,0.25698524,0.341705377,0.378508333,0.428578535,0.478145011,0.5199533319999999 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.000120471,0.004690483,0.008124219,0.012560852,0.019432894,0.027365971 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Liquids,TWh/yr,0.453280144,0.8850632469999999,0.630559738,0.489676628,0.407902633,0.380965231 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,0.453280144,0.8850632469999999,0.630559738,0.489676628,0.407902633,0.380965231 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Other,TWh/yr,0.079217434,0.426287086,0.514602249,0.502610433,0.473714969,0.451541942 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Solar,TWh/yr,1.58e-05,1.49e-05,1.33e-05,8.570000000000001e-06,4.43e-06,1.8e-06 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Solids,TWh/yr,2.312538594,1.543774911,1.335582301,1.304038414,1.343627294,1.359494654 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.04729079899999999,0.459292868,0.722600853,0.867796942,0.97848186,1.034697567 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,2.265247795,1.084482043,0.612981448,0.436241472,0.365145434,0.324797087 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Waste,TWh/yr,0.268718578,0.2502476499999997,0.238437975,0.235893491,0.2387564529999997,0.242585625 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals,TWh/yr,79.25606949678,78.81547577929999,75.5878226851,75.00992227706,74.17223971087999,74.77877179894 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Electricity,TWh/yr,14.835853439,21.122680654,24.577354066,27.375485827,28.167660841,29.351145217 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Gases,TWh/yr,29.388404899,21.227656384,17.683997011,15.350547739,13.870800729,12.928394122 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,29.388404899,21.227656384,17.683997011,15.350547739,13.870800729,12.928394122 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Heat,TWh/yr,0.473126074,0.805063801,0.9169887879999999,1.069243737,1.202840048,1.329043071 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.00465551978,0.0244130803,0.031721767,0.045735606,0.063286484,0.081106282 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Liquids,TWh/yr,2.852189353,7.524378314,5.841864129,5.310144111,5.14381469,5.420423863000001 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,2.852189353,7.524378314,5.841864129,5.310144111,5.14381469,5.420423863000001 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Other,TWh/yr,0.669911343,1.316015013,1.2289118671,1.18976396306,1.19239412178,1.24857937194 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Solar,TWh/yr,3e-06,2.83e-06,2.52e-06,1.626e-06,8.52e-07,3.57e-07 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Solids,TWh/yr,20.633824967,17.726172718,16.837417156,16.084070713,15.6858814221,15.168401369 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,5.655426411,7.750696983999999,9.256552753000001,9.426875996,9.474305421999999,8.985524219 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,14.978398556,9.975475734,7.580864403,6.657194717,6.2115760001,6.18287715 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Waste,TWh/yr,9.924974828,8.264029184,7.552576593,7.515685218,7.642720475,7.922635075 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Other,TWh/yr,34.49360615,25.12427282199999,12.1589675411,7.60314341606,5.44242854678,5.23376468724 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper,TWh/yr,50.640907594,55.877734229,54.596519845,54.790937512,55.330206494,56.192565335 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Electricity,TWh/yr,17.070414349,22.271715962,23.227454298,24.693230398,26.459005504,28.379241936 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Gases,TWh/yr,17.576381352,16.307249255,14.48230454,13.044528144,11.798796115,10.799710664 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,17.576381352,16.307249255,14.48230454,13.044528144,11.798796115,10.799710664 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Heat,TWh/yr,6.320743987999999,7.633632609999999,7.880547256,8.621038857999999,9.198541795999999,9.611440333000001 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,9.11e-05,0.000756648,0.00130879,0.002682446,0.00508824,0.008524028999999999 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Liquids,TWh/yr,0.2787606330000003,0.260111072,0.226483318,0.2016711659999997,0.179906878,0.161442308 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,0.2787606330000003,0.260111072,0.226483318,0.2016711659999997,0.179906878,0.161442308 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Other,TWh/yr,0.0,-3.1000000008457e-08,-4.600000003379245e-08,-2.699999999373017e-08,4.300000001119381e-08,-1.199999998715141e-08 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Solar,TWh/yr,2.15e-06,2.03e-06,1.81e-06,1.16e-06,6.07e-07,2.54e-07 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Solids,TWh/yr,8.078230503,8.135856224,7.642011195,7.205360998,6.773070285999999,6.405008594 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,6.14962024,6.2414685,5.920011733,5.628839646,5.337535404,5.08799473 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,1.928610263,1.894387724,1.721999462,1.576521352,1.435534882,1.317013864 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Waste,TWh/yr,1.316283519,1.268410459,1.136408684,1.022424369,0.915797025,0.8271972289999999 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solar,TWh/yr,0.000938051,0.000993607,0.000893885,0.0006028100000000001,0.000332245,0.000145091 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids,TWh/yr,143.717742832,110.03740645,73.762558728,61.195529365,54.7205253821,53.131655966 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,30.449107284,36.508772387,39.008819259,39.563148138,39.847098164,39.149628193 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,113.268635548,73.528634063,34.753739469,21.632381227,14.8734272181,13.982027773 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel,TWh/yr,142.843673485,146.387810238,138.569073966,135.803291338,136.471411387,140.832747363 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Electricity,TWh/yr,17.225815206,38.695329707,44.534033845,48.159609708,50.323956454,52.019384899 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Gases,TWh/yr,16.4411155,18.608157552,8.02496382,3.862337757,3.535576519,3.556130638 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,16.4411155,18.608157552,8.02496382,3.862337757,3.535576519,3.556130638 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Heat,TWh/yr,0.162138682,0.229671784,0.242355211,0.273266868,0.305032491,0.338147396 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.029333751,12.573932708,55.253548726,68.0666566,74.26880666199999,77.128761484 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Liquids,TWh/yr,0.377335294,0.6417182450000001,0.241136446,0.2368793469999997,0.239174403,0.285126038 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,0.377335294,0.6417182450000001,0.241136446,0.2368793469999997,0.239174403,0.285126038 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Other,TWh/yr,22.586322787,18.670569035,8.249758634,4.577380749,2.754259639999999,2.66347259 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Solar,TWh/yr,1.1e-05,1.04e-05,9.329999999999999e-06,6.04e-06,3.15e-06,1.29e-06 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Solids,TWh/yr,85.97345813899999,56.35052577899999,21.559350387,10.176828249,4.580978801,4.333818173 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.136584842,2.229753401,2.0593014,1.840509867,1.840285128,1.822244011 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,85.83687329700003,54.120772378,19.500048987,8.336318382,2.740693673,2.511574162 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Waste,TWh/yr,0.04814312599999999,0.617895028,0.463917567,0.45032602,0.463623267,0.507904855 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction,TWh/yr,31.144329013,30.812843804,31.099837941,32.348640044,33.815463108,35.23615149499999 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Electricity,TWh/yr,15.515279048,16.386400746,17.280567538,18.713890246,20.346696992,21.994227557 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Gases,TWh/yr,9.76773477,8.396838670000001,7.456066895,6.094017605,4.892443041,3.992861062 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,9.76773477,8.396838670000001,7.456066895,6.094017605,4.892443041,3.992861062 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Heat,TWh/yr,3.47964142,3.939197372,4.434301399,5.763705748,6.933239682,7.719073731999999 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,8.69e-07,1.01e-06,1.46e-06,4.26e-06,1.9e-05,4.23e-05 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Liquids,TWh/yr,0.445432826,0.394336074,0.363947702,0.319193886,0.281176046,0.2524012199999997 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,0.445432826,0.394336074,0.363947702,0.319193886,0.281176046,0.2524012199999997 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Other,TWh/yr,0.174353032,0.147672453,0.130309579,0.115098164,0.101635768,0.09007614099999998 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Solar,TWh/yr,0.000169658,0.000214869,0.000193822,0.000132443,7.38e-05,3.23e-05 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Solids,TWh/yr,1.75938223,1.548170201,1.434437844,1.342586381,1.260167793,1.187426611 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.243552613,0.2680310139999997,0.292608539,0.325053315,0.355643384,0.380912595 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,1.515829617,1.280139187,1.141829305,1.017533066,0.904524409,0.806514016 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Waste,TWh/yr,0.002335159999999723,1.240899999999795e-05,1.170199999999885e-05,1.131099999999996e-05,1.098600000000102e-05,1.057200000000036e-05 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Waste,TWh/yr,19.231268302,30.045366291,27.898877871,25.825756188,24.230283936,23.833930026 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries,TWh/yr,128.261816057,127.724448124,124.830154616,124.644681816,125.69497007,127.435612431 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Electricity,TWh/yr,58.263370095,61.55500430399999,62.039854215,64.449607324,67.618085168,71.450266214 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Gases,TWh/yr,38.558776329,33.981811499,30.379331455,25.600528792,21.566775022,18.326529106 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,38.558776329,33.981811499,30.379331455,25.600528792,21.566775022,18.326529106 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Heat,TWh/yr,10.306876732,11.610478149,12.69387687,15.82152264,18.603607902,20.508537168 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.001944151,0.006474358,0.011582441,0.020620102,0.037598774,0.061011379 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Liquids,TWh/yr,2.814787026,3.817326671,3.669594496,3.249463058,2.840531892,2.418444293 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,2.814787026,3.817326671,3.669594496,3.249463058,2.840531892,2.418444293 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Other,TWh/yr,0.21642065,0.309805259,0.393232049,0.445832578,0.47808468,0.525639052 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Solar,TWh/yr,0.000351327,0.000370926,0.0003333569999999999,0.000223236,0.000121817,5.2729e-05 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Solids,TWh/yr,17.795502051,16.181579804,15.409879084,14.834282389,14.32673927,13.935594251 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,16.4714569,14.986394378,14.352411289,13.885329601,13.456196244,13.202066225 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,1.324045151,1.195185426,1.057467795,0.9489527879999999,0.870543026,0.733528026 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Waste,TWh/yr,0.3037876959999999,0.261597154,0.232470649,0.222601697,0.223425545,0.2095382389999997 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Electricity,TWh/yr,213.96089006,265.482665819,285.274992283,305.621481061,323.594452108,342.435971005 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases,TWh/yr,232.48101716,201.73462617,166.385051067,146.475845623,135.127596726,126.524687178 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,232.48101716,201.73462617,166.385051067,146.475845623,135.127596726,126.524687178 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Heat,TWh/yr,45.509511928,52.35947943999999,54.614989077,61.890464997,68.155843299,72.503880415 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.03631424408,17.1451829793,68.134861375,82.18445271699999,88.461756283,91.39760098599999 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids,TWh/yr,209.035645053,255.632546159,256.356693813,262.242013727,268.99045392,275.760950035 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,209.035645053,255.632546159,256.356693813,262.242013727,268.99045392,275.760950035 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Other,TWh/yr,35.377713227,26.34277201099999,13.3953210041,8.91356316806,6.83501635478,6.70371874824 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solar,TWh/yr,0.000938051,0.000993607,0.000893885,0.0006028100000000001,0.000332245,0.000145091 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids,TWh/yr,144.454498729,111.052822441,74.792853281,62.287545825,55.8810152221,54.356617683 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,30.449107284,36.508772387,39.008819259,39.563148138,39.847098164,39.149628193 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,114.005391445,74.54405005400001,35.78403402199999,22.724397687,16.0339170581,15.20698949 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Waste,TWh/yr,19.231268302,30.045366291,27.898877871,25.825756188,24.230283936,23.833930026 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use,TWh/yr,223.602214897,268.683318999,275.593108656,284.740306464,293.904181943,302.323762948 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals,TWh/yr,223.602214897,268.683318999,275.593108656,284.740306464,293.904181943,302.323762948 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Gases,TWh/yr,24.198850583,23.727097806,17.866573685,18.072270132,19.238954609,20.323007652 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,24.198850583,23.727097806,17.866573685,18.072270132,19.238954609,20.323007652 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,4.534392682999999,12.827611175,14.0342149,14.063222476,14.083600038 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Liquids,TWh/yr,197.78250134,238.18791333,242.63227578,250.23138522,258.04892721,265.22223948 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,197.78250134,238.18791333,242.63227578,250.23138522,258.04892721,265.22223948 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Other,TWh/yr,0.8841070769999999,1.218499189,1.236353463,1.310419752,1.392587808,1.469954061 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Solids,TWh/yr,0.736755897,1.015415991,1.030294553,1.09201646,1.16048984,1.224961717 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,0.736755897,1.015415991,1.030294553,1.09201646,1.16048984,1.224961717 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Gases,TWh/yr,24.198850583,23.727097806,17.866573685,18.072270132,19.238954609,20.323007652 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,24.198850583,23.727097806,17.866573685,18.072270132,19.238954609,20.323007652 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,4.534392682999999,12.827611175,14.0342149,14.063222476,14.083600038 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Liquids,TWh/yr,197.78250134,238.18791333,242.63227578,250.23138522,258.04892721,265.22223948 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,197.78250134,238.18791333,242.63227578,250.23138522,258.04892721,265.22223948 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Other,TWh/yr,0.8841070769999999,1.218499189,1.236353463,1.310419752,1.392587808,1.469954061 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Solids,TWh/yr,0.736755897,1.015415991,1.030294553,1.09201646,1.16048984,1.224961717 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,0.736755897,1.015415991,1.030294553,1.09201646,1.16048984,1.224961717 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Industry|Fuel Switch|Industrial Furnace,billion EUR2020/yr,0.3392566834,1.7369114162,2.6677389666,3.0999350874,3.3430713274,3.5231540074 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Industry|Fuel Switch|Space Heating,billion EUR2020/yr,0.2848525678,0.4038845459999998,0.4908350153999998,0.4572601784,0.5246075254,0.5977876684 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Industry|Fuel Switch|Steam Generation,billion EUR2020/yr,0.4152839163999996,1.197691539,1.5790509978,1.7072382026,1.8843780558,1.850487115 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Industry|Innovative Processes,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0536706134,0.8918543087999998,2.379931397,2.637120578,2.785397741,2.396636731 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Efficiency|Industry|Buildiung Shell,billion EUR2020/yr,0.5170953857999996,1.0445190622,1.5726471574,1.9065115594,1.9970049958,2.0881099082 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Efficiency|Industry|Cross-Sectional Technology,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1631867343999998,0.4869064193999996,0.5759176307999996,0.5273505312,0.4835880453999998,0.3307092026 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Efficiency|Industry|Process Technology,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0956888574,0.3977635241999996,0.5895882795999994,0.5401517142000001,0.4131213469999998,0.2721524054 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Efficiency|Industry|Steam Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1603236431999994,0.3133324836,0.3231566691999998,0.3481966299999998,0.3662386811999996,0.3070184056 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Industry,billion EUR2020/yr,2.0656025548,7.0814135996,12.2755056574,14.6242309374,15.3262348252,14.9800816838 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Industry|Chemicals,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1597156637999998,0.7877190532,1.3451154944,2.054573809,1.8693884898,2.1066499572 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Industry|Energiewende,billion EUR2020/yr,2.065602554799998,7.081413599599998,12.2755056574,14.6242309374,15.3262348252,14.9800816838 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Industry|Engineering,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1421388651999994,0.2672642384,0.3706220125999998,0.4251615814,0.4574593512,0.4780812680000001 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Industry|Food and Tobacco,billion EUR2020/yr,0.3530622503999998,0.8076897463999998,1.0197859722,1.110906223,1.1349117124,1.1033063396 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Industry|Non-Ferrous Metals,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0601182409999998,0.2144910004,0.263752981,0.3482953537999998,0.3606577466,0.3748379708 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Industry|Non-Metallic Minerals,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1656815667999996,1.215273238,2.968424609,4.179998111,4.213378085,4.152308147 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Industry|Pulp and Paper,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1016184925999996,0.3704443549999998,0.5184040539999999,0.5374877265999997,0.5634784778,0.5132560386 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Industry|Steel,billion EUR2020/yr,0.3632692297999998,1.893580735599999,3.697420238,3.5401393052,4.1357809154,3.464718589199999 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Industry|Vehicle Construction,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1447987093999998,0.27983731,0.3828618472,0.4418895617999998,0.475962264,0.4886095046 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Industry|other Industries,billion EUR2020/yr,0.5751995357999995,1.2451139226,1.709118449,1.9857792656,2.115217783,2.298313868799999 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Industry|CCS Capex,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0113737995999998,0.19096954,0.6579477313999994,1.0671024482,1.1073833822,1.134119774 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Industry|CO2 Storage,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0038295626,0.0642995164,0.2215312496,0.3592937973999998,0.3728564029999998,0.3818585564 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Industry|CO2 Transport,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0210407908,0.3532812438,1.2171605626,1.9740702106,2.048587321,2.0980479098 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Production|Chemicals,Mt/yr,25.279592,29.904558,30.69273,31.70355199999999,32.7118,33.642763 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Production|Chemicals|Ammonia,Mt/yr,2.225418,2.216117,2.265929,2.331653,2.396598,2.455313 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Production|Chemicals|Ethylene,Mt/yr,4.244950999999999,5.112361,5.227272999999999,5.378892,5.528715,5.664162 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Production|Chemicals|Ethylene|Fossil,Mt/yr,4.244950999999999,5.112361,5.227272999999999,5.378892,5.528715,5.664162 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Production|Chemicals|Ethylene|Low-Carbon,Mt/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Production|Chemicals|Methanol,Mt/yr,0.933986,1.124836,1.155899,1.195433,1.234968,1.271678 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Production|Non-Ferrous Metals,Mt/yr,1.849533,2.107175,2.162938,2.235078,2.306767,2.372459 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Production|Non-Metallic Minerals,Mt/yr,62.60318299999999,70.25945800000001,71.914629,74.087431,76.288225,78.352165 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Production|Non-Metallic Minerals|Cement,Mt/yr,31.277625,35.443202,36.186871,37.171174,38.143696,39.021985 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Production|Pulp and Paper,Mt/yr,36.06909,42.219802,43.166738,44.41627699999999,45.651003,46.767228 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Production|Steel,Mt/yr,37.62685,42.499483,43.448114,44.700154,46.551933,47.896219 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Production|Steel|Primary,Mt/yr,26.363179,29.27718,28.451836,27.854076,27.8755,28.91 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Production|Steel|Primary|Direct Reduction Hydrogen,Mt/yr,0.0,6.8,23.454864,25.677,27.8755,28.91 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Production|Steel|Primary|Direct Reduction Natural Gas,Mt/yr,0.492115,6.955843,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Production|Steel|Primary|Oxygen,Mt/yr,25.871064,15.521337,4.996972,2.177076,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Production|Steel|Secondary,Mt/yr,11.263671,13.222303,14.996278,16.846078,18.676433,18.986219 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Storage|Industry,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,1.793841088,6.014137042,12.811173918,20.310245617,20.853013723 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry,Mt CO2/yr,106.566878913,77.392439286,45.431159231,20.500061955,5.341657227999999,5.482211608999999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry|Chemicals,Mt CO2/yr,14.658549278,12.997587686,9.798741518999998,4.127458698999999,0.059586892999999,0.064236766999999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry|Engineering,Mt CO2/yr,1.540560766,1.262825208,0.669707194,0.003713507999999,0.002106369,0.00118263 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry|Food and Tobacco,Mt CO2/yr,7.070713708,4.690344842,1.603429065,0.127250581,0.067053104,0.067973091999999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry|Non-Ferrous Metals,Mt CO2/yr,3.057925328,2.039238012,0.9694670320000001,0.483449951,0.1490601,0.157419909 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry|Non-Metallic Minerals,Mt CO2/yr,13.956138683,9.578148531,5.489057921,4.933648947000001,4.42972478,4.549586644 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry|Pulp and Paper,Mt CO2/yr,4.226803110000001,3.142070575,0.908192320999999,0.014517988,0.006484703999999001,0.00537783 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry|Steel,Mt CO2/yr,50.356159068,34.553803988,21.707205722,9.818661818999997,0.347518555,0.346705259 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry|Vehicle Construction,Mt CO2/yr,2.420478651,1.694218742,0.555586907999999,0.000128783,5.250599999999999e-05,1.3413e-05 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry|other Industries,Mt CO2/yr,9.279550320999999,7.434201701999999,3.729771549,0.9912316790000001,0.280070217,0.289716065 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry,TWh/yr,897.7514049260001,962.1711258204981,965.28719167894,994.5454687312131,1025.931069881224,1045.942920157644 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use,TWh/yr,674.149190029,693.4878068154981,688.4184433389399,672.163637477213,657.3858339712242,664.788377457644 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals,TWh/yr,136.665011848,149.462410863,150.114343019,132.883324967219,115.628081056496,117.522317560496 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Electricity,TWh/yr,46.192671681,58.694765448,71.609962388,92.090410087,101.341908611,104.442961182 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Gases,TWh/yr,47.333574859,49.949331327,42.568901597,18.568465960052,0.009950389051999723,0.009960102052 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,47.333574859,49.949331327,42.568901597,18.568465960052,0.009950389051999723,0.009960102052 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Heat,TWh/yr,19.507104587,21.884910164,22.00385066,18.303565868,13.523010221,12.355859401 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,5.36e-06,0.001036744,0.010974798,0.082969849,0.07535713299999999,0.078794774 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Liquids,TWh/yr,1.809003936,0.901645647,0.186133783,0.012689871,0.0005849869999999999,0.000694249 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,1.809003936,0.901645647,0.186133783,0.012689871,0.0005849869999999999,0.000694249 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Other,TWh/yr,10.747450773,3.887403255,0.888022902,0.074099023,0.002240878999999722,0.002061922999999722 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Solar,TWh/yr,1.87e-06,1.77e-06,1.31e-06,0.0,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Solids,TWh/yr,3.887303396,6.085680491,7.921440506,1.719163420167,0.377936913444,0.308797291444 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.781696881,4.664380397,7.467402384000001,1.637363425,0.3552169099999999,0.285099017 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,3.105606515,1.421300094,0.454038122,0.081799995167,0.022720003444,0.023698274444 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Waste,TWh/yr,7.187895385999999,8.057636017,4.925055075,2.031960889,0.297091923,0.323188638 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Electricity,TWh/yr,218.429579392,303.2364036449999,368.417464137,422.91369772,449.488775635,463.279832 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering,TWh/yr,18.715765775,18.03394542,17.856444167,17.9280937602,18.2942785202,18.76385984158 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Electricity,TWh/yr,9.940133971,10.126217581,11.623535581,13.129711253,13.72371111,14.395244088 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Gases,TWh/yr,6.251073914999999,5.093626861000001,2.720478237,0.01729231229999972,0.010485342,0.0059012354 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,6.251073914999999,5.093626861000001,2.720478237,0.01729231229999972,0.010485342,0.0059012354 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Heat,TWh/yr,1.171565204,1.460599693,2.460925659,4.354943468,4.215360411,4.084431195 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0007947469999999999,0.002817805,0.003723631,0.003650032,0.002652483,0.001799511 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Liquids,TWh/yr,0.778302875,0.648980628,0.355452912,0.000351486,-2.8039e-05,-2.6453e-05 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,0.778302875,0.648980628,0.355452912,0.000351486,-2.8039e-05,-2.6453e-05 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Other,TWh/yr,0.001440015999999722,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Solar,TWh/yr,0.000168557,0.000172193,0.000128391,-1.14e-08,-1.08e-08,-9.999999999999999e-09 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Solids,TWh/yr,0.470326945,0.6102050429999999,0.650140271,0.4218118683,0.342097224,0.27651027518 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.311178599,0.47286822,0.593762464,0.421579749,0.342097259,0.2765103079999997 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,0.159148346,0.137336823,0.056377807,0.0002321193,-3.5e-08,-3.282e-08 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Waste,TWh/yr,0.101959545,0.09132561600000001,0.042059485,0.000333352,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco,TWh/yr,58.927623791,55.32931003022,54.62381806094,53.26413214119999,53.1757723492,53.67965809489999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Electricity,TWh/yr,20.831278984,26.534810072,36.597004439,40.55991926399999,41.35987055,42.262852011 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Gases,TWh/yr,29.865436772,19.342874742,6.536688892999999,0.2549607576,0.0020844972,0.001975111899999723 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,29.865436772,19.342874742,6.536688892999999,0.2549607576,0.0020844972,0.001975111899999723 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Heat,TWh/yr,4.283444992,6.217881972,9.870543739,11.718081473,11.249536874,10.954478568 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,5.23e-05,0.000283516,0.0009558069999999999,0.004137888,0.008105155,0.008203 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Liquids,TWh/yr,1.348919094,1.057897395,0.346638036,0.015731123,0.001397251,0.001472198 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,1.348919094,1.057897395,0.346638036,0.015731123,0.001397251,0.001472198 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Other,TWh/yr,0.0,1.220000000762972e-09,-1.060000005197008e-09,0.0,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Solar,TWh/yr,0.000206744,0.000195501,0.000146392,-1.25e-08,-1.19e-08,-1.11e-08 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Solids,TWh/yr,2.598097939,2.175251823,1.271816436,0.7112948630999999,0.5547718129,0.4506708591 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.761412913,0.8053110019999999,0.7468742740000001,0.525847733,0.383133052,0.276659163 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,1.836685026,1.369940821,0.524942162,0.1854471301,0.1716387609,0.1740116961 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Waste,TWh/yr,0.0001869659999999909,0.0001150080000000015,2.432000000000129e-05,6.785000000000472e-06,6.22099999999983e-06,6.358000000000578e-06 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases,TWh/yr,200.967709015,164.692311953,93.198720457,32.16085317943,0.99832249562,0.86639463011 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,200.967709015,164.692311953,93.198720457,32.16085317943,0.99832249562,0.86639463011 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Heat,TWh/yr,47.091768032,58.386520097,72.96129570000001,86.510083611,78.97066507199999,75.302194189 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.085980529,12.140429626,36.203009327,58.807512558,78.54864374499999,78.566171121 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids,TWh/yr,11.128249194,13.273488761,6.588063287,1.3337634242,1.0690878493,1.1554266979 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,11.128249194,13.273488761,6.588063287,1.3337634242,1.0690878493,1.1554266979 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals,TWh/yr,29.512582674,30.806642514,30.776902511,31.33920259539,32.011468541227,32.822542794057 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Electricity,TWh/yr,16.120088948,20.50007052400001,24.168199508,26.522903737,28.183206614,29.086154657 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Gases,TWh/yr,9.921889175,7.088124809,3.671213338999999,1.94085240056,0.10908345284,0.10294377967 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,9.921889175,7.088124809,3.671213338999999,1.94085240056,0.10908345284,0.10294377967 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Heat,TWh/yr,0.299625001,0.458945651,0.6206386740000001,0.711114521,0.699340071,0.6885895649999999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.001156568,0.016326284,0.04016189999999999,0.119194946,0.266787054,0.277694496 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Liquids,TWh/yr,0.448337916,0.525447406,0.194797978,0.025693259,0.01121801,0.012864699 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,0.448337916,0.525447406,0.194797978,0.025693259,0.01121801,0.012864699 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Other,TWh/yr,0.07487210600000001,0.233244783,0.154428698,0.137113917,0.26803499,0.295627518 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Solar,TWh/yr,1.54e-05,1.46e-05,1.07e-05,-1.110000000000001e-09,-8.33e-10,-8.33e-10 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Solids,TWh/yr,2.376227399,1.744830167,1.773902258,1.79642029494,2.355227409220001,2.23483767322 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.133538716,0.822366034,1.517765949,1.736358957,2.296357707,2.173182394 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,2.242688683,0.922464133,0.256136309,0.06006133794,0.05886970222,0.06165527922 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Waste,TWh/yr,0.270370161,0.23963829,0.153549456,0.08590952099999999,0.118570941,0.123830407 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals,TWh/yr,80.06785357000003,80.92977063127796,77.683507097,76.13507642489199,77.397286799462,78.115877349062 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Electricity,TWh/yr,15.257310025,28.650168776,36.332945061,42.33364099199999,46.396417894,47.07606116 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Gases,TWh/yr,29.066523102,18.536622273,8.954953359000003,6.080625349003999,0.401905364274,0.371456862274 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,29.066523102,18.536622273,8.954953359000003,6.080625349003999,0.401905364274,0.371456862274 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Heat,TWh/yr,0.620263818,1.307733067000001,2.081583244,2.231746146,2.115917483,2.049876398 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.014883045,0.102544896,0.216632152,0.578774161,0.903745277,0.9106626509999999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Liquids,TWh/yr,2.881241244,5.868573579,3.189534565,0.797051385,0.6484058353,0.6807600119 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,2.881241244,5.868573579,3.189534565,0.797051385,0.6484058353,0.6807600119 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Other,TWh/yr,0.6601108729999999,1.486871527278,1.115295268,1.65604625,2.191294209,2.267704676000001 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Solar,TWh/yr,2.99e-06,2.83e-06,2.076999999999999e-06,0.0,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Solids,TWh/yr,20.92151931,14.021212369,15.644236397,9.589775055888,9.661119475888,9.481387253888 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,5.796231895999999,7.226936911,12.333038486,6.260451097,5.886433341999999,5.575178203 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,15.125287414,6.794275458,3.311197911,3.329323958888,3.774686133888,3.906209050888 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Waste,TWh/yr,10.025735345,9.648308247,8.06674173,10.63567094,12.962563778,13.228091938 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Other,TWh/yr,34.318107111,23.476266319498,13.94894840894,8.204360197,4.452515567,4.595754517 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper,TWh/yr,49.511569932,55.460464564,56.101340835,58.05066600982899,57.676081629109,57.806691335389 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Electricity,TWh/yr,17.64660444,25.88824065,35.849436184,41.560929479,42.987034454,44.655932222 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Gases,TWh/yr,16.193834089,11.810780858,3.294961111,0.049701227662,0.015982789942,0.010153086222 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,16.193834089,11.810780858,3.294961111,0.049701227662,0.015982789942,0.010153086222 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Heat,TWh/yr,6.368034688,8.731058502,10.333612858,12.001836388,11.253912826,10.568710783 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.001045941,0.012877838,0.013455798,0.012170335,0.009267037,0.006043511 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Liquids,TWh/yr,0.258520423,0.1777334419999997,0.033152033,0.0002716069999999999,9.71e-06,1.0767e-05 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,0.258520423,0.1777334419999997,0.033152033,0.0002716069999999999,9.71e-06,1.0767e-05 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Other,TWh/yr,0.0,3.00000000693192e-09,-4.399999999905294e-08,0.0,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Solar,TWh/yr,2.14e-06,2.03e-06,1.49e-06,0.0,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Solids,TWh/yr,7.755917984,7.814473188,6.288173659,4.423956668167,3.409138551167,2.565074678167 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,5.914324373,6.315827559000001,5.751863363,4.411912581999999,3.399867697,2.555617442 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,1.841593611,1.498645629,0.5363102959999999,0.012044086167,0.009270854167000001,0.009457236167 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Waste,TWh/yr,1.287610227,1.025298053,0.2885477459999999,0.001800304999999722,0.000736261,0.000766288 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solar,TWh/yr,0.000918432,0.000970317,0.000725919,-6.3903e-08,-5.9389e-08,-5.6069e-08 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids,TWh/yr,142.213414572,96.874655063,80.808559573,47.088028907486,28.252251754693,25.180529852703 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,29.879482998,36.566589552,46.200131154,29.631190019,23.922167778,20.698598375 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,112.333931574,60.308065511,34.608428419,17.456838888486,4.330083976693,4.481931477703 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel,TWh/yr,142.784036914,147.048747148,144.168103239,140.180898721277,140.146018616394,141.050985354674 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Electricity,TWh/yr,17.361307768,48.99392221999999,52.277157488,54.81869853,56.42844484,57.387672559 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Gases,TWh/yr,16.524748244,17.688628497,8.561048237,1.58999806233,0.22284024389,0.17446620017 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,16.524748244,17.688628497,8.561048237,1.58999806233,0.22284024389,0.17446620017 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Heat,TWh/yr,0.181652853,0.34213306,0.570163762,0.730476448,0.693350755,0.650538721 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.059452809,11.965880328,35.856151723,57.863452648,76.86430117299999,76.85927301299999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Liquids,TWh/yr,0.4365375110000003,0.95886126,0.5644766710000001,0.009449708999999999,0.000336989,0.0003900139999999999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,0.4365375110000003,0.95886126,0.5644766710000001,0.009449708999999999,0.000336989,0.0003900139999999999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Other,TWh/yr,22.479226364,17.473707516,11.457572233,5.879651622,1.116252179,1.13959138 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Solar,TWh/yr,1.08e-05,1.02e-05,7.529999999999999e-06,-8.33e-10,-5.56e-10,-5.56e-10 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Solids,TWh/yr,85.651938947,48.87886998299999,34.27222953899999,19.14976839978,4.70980713206,4.72273898906 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.290419474,2.636768839,5.556386848,5.630183442,4.679522975,4.689539844 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,85.361519473,46.242101144,28.715842691,13.51958495778,0.03028415706,0.03319914506 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Waste,TWh/yr,0.08916161799999972,0.7467340840000001,0.6092960559999999,0.1394033029999997,0.110685305,0.116314479 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction,TWh/yr,30.601038177,30.242845248,31.454606689,34.2427854766,35.01252254069,35.95022784319 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Electricity,TWh/yr,15.721095881,17.658364277,22.131762858,24.620209528,25.830679791,27.165081943 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Gases,TWh/yr,9.029062237,6.437433922,2.349451571,0.0006372887999999999,0.000271419,7.689670000000003e-05 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,9.029062237,6.437433922,2.349451571,0.0006372887999999999,0.000271419,7.689670000000003e-05 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Heat,TWh/yr,3.65919644,4.466886816,6.313248842999999,9.408152263,9.029930838,8.682680681999999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,1.24e-05,3.43e-05,3.83e-05,3.239999999999999e-05,2.21e-05,1.28e-05 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Liquids,TWh/yr,0.4235477579999999,0.315307306,0.128929811,-1.252800000000001e-06,-8.256e-06,-7.794e-06 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,0.4235477579999999,0.315307306,0.128929811,-1.252800000000001e-06,-8.256e-06,-7.794e-06 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Other,TWh/yr,0.1533844389999997,0.099695018,0.01609179,0.0,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Solar,TWh/yr,0.000165972,0.0002088980000000001,0.000157619,-1.39e-08,-1.28e-08,-1.22e-08 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Solids,TWh/yr,1.613964621,1.264905668,0.514922964,0.2137551925,0.15162666149,0.10238332769 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.272994043,0.405987626,0.3846765,0.213753335,0.151626697,0.102383361 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,1.340970578,0.858918042,0.130246464,1.8575e-06,-3.551e-08,-3.331e-08 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Waste,TWh/yr,0.000608429,9.043000000000245e-06,2.933000000000103e-06,7.099999999999983e-08,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Waste,TWh/yr,19.293199934,20.099027967,14.210073286,12.913591798,13.489654429,13.792198108 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries,TWh/yr,127.363707348,126.173670397,125.639377721,128.139457380606,128.044323918446,129.076217284296 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Electricity,TWh/yr,59.359087694,66.189844097,77.82746063,87.27727485,93.237501771,96.807872178 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Gases,TWh/yr,36.78156662199999,28.744888664,14.541024113,3.658319821122,0.2257189974219997,0.189461355722 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,36.78156662199999,28.744888664,14.541024113,3.658319821122,0.2257189974219997,0.189461355722 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Heat,TWh/yr,11.000880449,13.516371172,18.706728261,27.050167036,26.190305593,25.267028876 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.008577359,0.038627915,0.060915218,0.143130299,0.418406333,0.423687365 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Liquids,TWh/yr,2.743838437,2.819042098,1.588947498,0.472526237,0.407171362,0.459269006 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,2.743838437,2.819042098,1.588947498,0.472526237,0.407171362,0.459269006 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Other,TWh/yr,0.20162254,0.295344216,0.317537563,0.457449385,0.87469331,0.8907690199999999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Solar,TWh/yr,0.000343959,0.000362295,0.00027041,-2.416e-08,-2.25e-08,-2.138e-08 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Solids,TWh/yr,16.938118031,14.279226331,12.471697543,9.062083144644001,6.690526574524,5.038129504954 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,15.617686103,13.216142964,11.848360886,8.793739699,6.427912139,4.764428643 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,1.320431928,1.063083367,0.623336657,0.268343445644,0.262614435524,0.273700861954 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Waste,TWh/yr,0.329672257,0.289963609,0.124796485,0.018506632,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Electricity,TWh/yr,218.429579392,303.2364036449999,368.417464137,422.91369772,449.488775635,463.279832 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases,TWh/yr,225.166559598,192.114683031,117.372013225,42.30453299742999,0.99832249562,0.86639463011 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,225.166559598,192.114683031,117.372013225,42.30453299742999,0.99832249562,0.86639463011 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Heat,TWh/yr,47.091768032,58.386520097,72.96129570000001,86.510083611,78.97066507199999,75.302194189 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.085980529,12.140429626,41.39677269,234.053907788,421.203879655,433.830713821 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids,TWh/yr,208.910750534,252.258007051,251.735606917,137.1334520442,26.9590878493,27.0454266979 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,208.910750534,252.258007051,251.735606917,137.1334520442,26.9590878493,27.0454266979 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Other,TWh/yr,35.202214188,24.717955212498,15.23302945194,8.85457888,4.452515567,4.595754517 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solar,TWh/yr,0.000918432,0.000970317,0.000725919,-6.3903e-08,-5.9389e-08,-5.6069e-08 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids,TWh/yr,142.950170469,97.909395807,81.87862710900004,47.629877810486,28.252251754693,25.180529852703 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,29.879482998,36.566589552,46.200131154,29.631190019,23.922167778,20.698598375 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,113.070687471,61.342806255,35.678495955,17.998687791486,4.330083976693,4.481931477703 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Waste,TWh/yr,19.293199934,20.099027967,14.210073286,12.913591798,13.489654429,13.792198108 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use,TWh/yr,223.602214897,268.683319005,276.86874834,322.381831254,368.54523591,381.1545427 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals,TWh/yr,223.602214897,268.683319005,276.86874834,322.381831254,368.54523591,381.1545427 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Gases,TWh/yr,24.198850583,27.422371078,24.173292768,10.143679818,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,24.198850583,27.422371078,24.173292768,10.143679818,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,5.193763363,175.24639523,342.65523591,355.2645427 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Liquids,TWh/yr,197.78250134,238.98451829,245.14754363,135.79968862,25.89,25.89 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,197.78250134,238.98451829,245.14754363,135.79968862,25.89,25.89 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Other,TWh/yr,0.8841070769999999,1.241688893,1.284081043,0.650218683,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Solids,TWh/yr,0.736755897,1.034740744,1.070067536,0.541848903,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,0.736755897,1.034740744,1.070067536,0.541848903,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Gases,TWh/yr,24.198850583,27.422371078,24.173292768,10.143679818,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,24.198850583,27.422371078,24.173292768,10.143679818,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,5.193763363,175.24639523,342.65523591,355.2645427 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Liquids,TWh/yr,197.78250134,238.98451829,245.14754363,135.79968862,25.89,25.89 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,197.78250134,238.98451829,245.14754363,135.79968862,25.89,25.89 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Other,TWh/yr,0.8841070769999999,1.241688893,1.284081043,0.650218683,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Solids,TWh/yr,0.736755897,1.034740744,1.070067536,0.541848903,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,0.736755897,1.034740744,1.070067536,0.541848903,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Industry|Fuel Switch|Industrial Furnace,billion EUR2020/yr,0.4895091155999998,2.0598136272,2.9426158798,3.394162287,4.2098738916,4.5388117524 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Industry|Fuel Switch|Space Heating,billion EUR2020/yr,0.2848495865999998,0.4172556572,0.6613175119999997,0.8499488655999998,0.8253922053999995,0.7617921305999998 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Industry|Fuel Switch|Steam Generation,billion EUR2020/yr,0.4175547743999998,1.1554511238,1.5058426516,1.578328045799999,1.709550046,1.6335920486 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Industry|Innovative Processes,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0129767744,0.6208073923999998,1.6144096866,3.2821824264,4.7444586734,4.6415838698 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Efficiency|Industry|Buildiung Shell,billion EUR2020/yr,0.5170953857999996,1.0445190622,1.5726471574,1.9065115594,1.9970049958,2.0881099082 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Efficiency|Industry|Cross-Sectional Technology,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1630702919999996,0.4852535631999996,0.5789124193999995,0.5474915677999996,0.5183991487999998,0.3621672526 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Efficiency|Industry|Process Technology,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0971285343999996,0.4154370462,0.6428333991999998,0.6022225164,0.4417348819999998,0.2716779759999998 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Efficiency|Industry|Steam Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,0.2232879107999998,0.5302398127999999,0.6487836243999996,0.6574735617999996,0.6255003371999998,0.4988123267999998 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Industry,billion EUR2020/yr,2.2324906336,7.231462636599999,11.8408743112,15.526283461,18.1194691828,17.9543244572 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Industry|Chemicals,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1666063394,1.0399202902,2.127252886,2.9675149874,3.0607572808,3.8956224938 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Industry|Energiewende,billion EUR2020/yr,2.232490633599998,7.231462636599999,11.8408743112,15.526283461,18.1194691828,17.9543244572 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Industry|Engineering,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1458936108,0.2792675608,0.4153385556,0.5049587462,0.5220704981999998,0.5186650241999998 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Industry|Food and Tobacco,billion EUR2020/yr,0.352564659,0.8475521799999999,1.050051373799999,1.1261350828,1.1017372174,1.0318130382 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Industry|Non-Ferrous Metals,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0697189693999998,0.3196843659999996,0.3379219072,0.4539124765999998,0.6961086559999998,0.6291475326 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Industry|Non-Metallic Minerals,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1994600029999996,1.1085057906,2.3731318336,3.6946913422,4.1434260072,4.2535437902 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Industry|Pulp and Paper,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1101664259999998,0.3797799067999998,0.5021008225999998,0.5214656601999998,0.5558673856,0.4981808892 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Industry|Steel,billion EUR2020/yr,0.4388995021999998,1.5893495658,2.647804993,3.2843759194,4.8471589726,4.347421209399999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Industry|Vehicle Construction,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1541507143999998,0.3049089483999998,0.4451960186,0.5370818473999996,0.5547927987999999,0.5392625815999992 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Industry|other Industries,billion EUR2020/yr,0.5950304093999998,1.362494028,1.9420759208,2.4361473988,2.6375503662,2.240667898 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Industry|CCS Capex,billion EUR2020/yr,0.010253071,0.1907624224,0.6472886261999998,1.1305437976,1.3541833622,1.413822184999999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Industry|CO2 Storage,billion EUR2020/yr,0.003452213,0.0642297796,0.1857593019999998,0.1094779738,-0.0649512941999998,-0.0918052324 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Industry|CO2 Transport,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0133129756,0.2476931495999998,0.8404640525999998,1.4679408594,1.7583229346,1.8357602396 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Production|Chemicals,Mt/yr,25.279592,29.904558,30.730385,31.781436,32.83248999999999,33.808466 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Production|Chemicals|Ammonia,Mt/yr,2.225418,2.216117,2.277316,2.355205,2.433095,2.505421 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Production|Chemicals|Ethylene,Mt/yr,4.244950999999999,5.112361,5.253540999999999,5.433224,5.612908,5.779757 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Production|Chemicals|Ethylene|Fossil,Mt/yr,4.244950999999999,5.112361,5.253540999999999,2.62677,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Production|Chemicals|Ethylene|Low-Carbon,Mt/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,2.806454,5.612908,5.779757 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Production|Chemicals|Methanol,Mt/yr,0.933986,1.124836,1.155899,1.195433,1.234968,1.271678 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Production|Non-Ferrous Metals,Mt/yr,1.849533,2.107175,2.168878,2.247411,2.325943,2.398866 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Production|Non-Metallic Minerals,Mt/yr,63.29943899999999,70.259458,72.103392,74.463996,76.876338,79.095824 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Production|Non-Metallic Minerals|Cement,Mt/yr,31.277625,35.443202,36.36871499999999,37.54664,38.724565,39.81835299999999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Production|Pulp and Paper,Mt/yr,36.06909,42.219802,43.383657,44.86492699999999,46.346197,47.72166199999999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Production|Steel,Mt/yr,38.18185,43.054483,44.221446,45.573337,47.960846,48.373693 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Production|Steel|Primary,Mt/yr,26.918179,29.83218,29.14981,28.557096,29.0,29.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Production|Steel|Primary|Direct Reduction Hydrogen,Mt/yr,0.0,6.0,14.5,22.133333,29.0,29.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Production|Steel|Primary|Direct Reduction Natural Gas,Mt/yr,0.492115,6.6,1.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Production|Steel|Primary|Oxygen,Mt/yr,26.426064,17.23218,13.64981,6.423763,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Production|Steel|Secondary,Mt/yr,11.263671,13.222303,15.071636,17.016241,18.960846,19.373693 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Storage|Industry,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,1.792012315,5.989763951,12.349026021,19.136867991,19.65631417 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry,Mt CO2/yr,106.598784975,78.285644833,45.56328322600001,17.837198471,3.904178432,3.985170282 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry|Chemicals,Mt CO2/yr,14.652137459,12.966742133,9.732870597999998,2.443808159,0.015724299,0.016782994 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry|Engineering,Mt CO2/yr,1.540858286,1.264213438,0.652745282999999,0.002852035,0.001680569,0.001007774 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry|Food and Tobacco,Mt CO2/yr,7.096463457,4.835439019,1.704611819,0.172222791,0.078680043999999,0.079655923999999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry|Non-Ferrous Metals,Mt CO2/yr,3.051588532,2.08494014,1.000558011,0.400534213,0.064151055,0.06521539600000001 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry|Non-Metallic Minerals,Mt CO2/yr,13.939563803,9.874301282,5.559689384,4.172276935999999,3.228670277,3.308385317 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry|Pulp and Paper,Mt CO2/yr,4.247421189999999,3.224550075,0.904548074,0.019794126,0.0087787,0.007475018000000001 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry|Steel,Mt CO2/yr,50.34527122799999,34.830743881,21.729240756,9.750229784,0.373378829,0.373345327 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry|Vehicle Construction,Mt CO2/yr,2.408937554,1.628887286,0.526728306,0.000158454,7.015e-05,2.8455e-05 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry|other Industries,Mt CO2/yr,9.316543465999999,7.575827579,3.752290995,0.875321972999999,0.133044509,0.133274077 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry,TWh/yr,898.0056488089999,963.804215449996,971.0748499965,1000.625636345113,1032.725514536224,1053.231628099644 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use,TWh/yr,674.4034339120001,695.1208964449961,694.2061016565,678.243805091113,664.1802786262241,672.0770853996439 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals,TWh/yr,136.774462739,150.073291578,151.177821073,133.617653641219,116.617216441496,118.640385727496 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Electricity,TWh/yr,44.989465812,51.687746653,57.403861476,72.648652174,76.720744345,77.53924109799999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Gases,TWh/yr,47.317081905,49.881661638,42.307009877,10.959497010052,0.002788417052,0.002677113052 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,47.317081905,49.881661638,42.307009877,10.959497010052,0.002788417052,0.002677113052 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Heat,TWh/yr,19.099726586,19.741294798,18.178839269,14.499774097,10.028444359,8.238297229 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,1.708034787,9.545047191999998,19.213761697,32.71611175,29.42161672,32.52123379 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Liquids,TWh/yr,1.807060338,0.8896600079999999,0.183863646,0.012022096,0.000150821,0.000177242 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,1.807060338,0.8896600079999999,0.183863646,0.012022096,0.000150821,0.000177242 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Other,TWh/yr,10.74490783,3.875702565,0.8841264839999999,0.067904887,0.0005904529999997222,0.0005384099999997222 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Solar,TWh/yr,1.87e-06,1.77e-06,1.31e-06,0.0,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Solids,TWh/yr,3.926434221,6.426935813999999,8.1219416,1.511979430167,0.364498703444,0.253692638444 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.823384744,5.021857207,7.681776608,1.46142798,0.358588049,0.247585422 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,3.103049477,1.405078607,0.440164992,0.050551450167,0.005910654444,0.006107216444 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Waste,TWh/yr,7.18174939,8.02524114,4.884415714,1.201712197,0.078382623,0.08452820700000001 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Electricity,TWh/yr,211.473156325,262.920175511,272.319451569,292.950590133,301.57365827,304.37227519 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering,TWh/yr,18.717114067,18.049136421,18.106990205,18.1429660652,18.5237132412,18.99986629758 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Electricity,TWh/yr,9.853092802,9.548742439,9.502414169,9.896145478000001,10.090567271,10.368761577 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Gases,TWh/yr,6.250112552999999,5.093324961,2.678981925,0.0131217053,0.008373244,0.0050339724 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,6.250112552999999,5.093324961,2.678981925,0.0131217053,0.008373244,0.0050339724 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Heat,TWh/yr,1.126845144,1.229179727,1.687339448,3.39402933,3.20397355,3.053512889 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.117608939,0.720752254,3.216602369999999,4.411453498,4.823650063000001,5.145188823 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Liquids,TWh/yr,0.7789478139999999,0.650526815,0.34415983,0.00032577,-2.8039e-05,-2.6453e-05 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,0.7789478139999999,0.650526815,0.34415983,0.00032577,-2.8039e-05,-2.6453e-05 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Other,TWh/yr,0.001570484,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Solar,TWh/yr,0.000168557,0.000172193,0.000128391,-1.14e-08,-1.08e-08,-9.999999999999999e-09 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Solids,TWh/yr,0.486367506,0.713147151,0.6438914809999999,0.4276111533,0.397177163,0.42739549918 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.32664921,0.5738043110000001,0.599528022,0.427393463,0.397177198,0.427395532 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,0.159718296,0.13934284,0.044363459,0.0002176903,-3.5e-08,-3.282e-08 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Waste,TWh/yr,0.102400268,0.09329088099999999,0.033472591,0.000279142,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco,TWh/yr,59.006527734,55.69390419144,55.75719665449999,54.8867048442,54.7321797342,55.3508907759 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Electricity,TWh/yr,19.162872269,18.605143494,17.719498126,17.310290226,16.703616641,16.400239152 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Gases,TWh/yr,29.972943614,19.768045283,6.784397434999999,0.3431055056,0.0026389862,0.0024656439 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,29.972943614,19.768045283,6.784397434999999,0.3431055056,0.0026389862,0.0024656439 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Heat,TWh/yr,3.69173444,3.555259436,3.401846337,4.176639588,3.418264215,2.836792988 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,2.172658889,9.772909668999997,25.199958526,31.538932118,33.35233983,35.031295719 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Liquids,TWh/yr,1.355297085,1.146512443,0.394833439,0.022270287,0.001640468,0.00172621 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,1.355297085,1.146512443,0.394833439,0.022270287,0.001640468,0.00172621 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Other,TWh/yr,0.0,-5.599999812824775e-10,-2.500000002804079e-09,0.0,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Solar,TWh/yr,0.000206744,0.000195501,0.000146392,-1.25e-08,-1.19e-08,-1.11e-08 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Solids,TWh/yr,2.650626544,2.845716858,2.256486766000001,1.4954579151,1.2536723099,1.0783636281 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.807492814,1.382357317,1.631816831,1.244108663,1.052373019,0.8745233379999999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,1.84313373,1.463359541,0.624669935,0.2513492520999998,0.2012992908999997,0.2038402901 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Waste,TWh/yr,0.0001881490000000066,0.0001215079999999872,2.96359999999978e-05,9.2170000000006e-06,7.296000000000386e-06,7.445999999999495e-06 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases,TWh/yr,201.20346197,167.638402902,94.11415538399999,23.14077159743,0.77389246262,0.65259545711 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,201.20346197,167.638402902,94.11415538399999,23.14077159743,0.77389246262,0.65259545711 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Heat,TWh/yr,45.259922062,49.605518992,50.768958275,59.616967228,51.277397976,45.582037562 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,8.492302648999999,55.481766664,158.362747626,236.78928287,270.79230465,283.749170837 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids,TWh/yr,11.177635807,14.07553755,6.8212194,1.310260125,0.7872696673000003,0.8410216038999999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,11.177635807,14.07553755,6.8212194,1.310260125,0.7872696673000003,0.8410216038999999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals,TWh/yr,29.517694629,30.805278225,30.967836655,31.57561040839,32.338710048227,33.150649277057 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Electricity,TWh/yr,15.912936312,19.139470652,19.966841724,20.30838823300001,20.677509978,21.147165655 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Gases,TWh/yr,9.894840980000003,7.239189233999999,3.804286644999999,1.63973675756,0.06587225283999999,0.05953124866999999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,9.894840980000003,7.239189233999999,3.804286644999999,1.63973675756,0.06587225283999999,0.05953124866999999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Heat,TWh/yr,0.286061422,0.412620648,0.444592369,0.477079254,0.446846348,0.421629353 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.22793828,1.031381408,4.399425941,7.475218577,9.573107852000001,10.006379908 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Liquids,TWh/yr,0.448667387,0.5559592250000001,0.197320315,0.024647935,0.006048041,0.006880361 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,0.448667387,0.5559592250000001,0.197320315,0.024647935,0.006048041,0.006880361 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Other,TWh/yr,0.07423382999999999,0.2538712719999997,0.17162198,0.09072287999999999,0.076700749,0.08031610299999999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Solar,TWh/yr,1.54e-05,1.46e-05,1.07e-05,-1.110000000000001e-09,-8.33e-10,-8.33e-10 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Solids,TWh/yr,2.40231558,1.924357838,1.83194657,1.48890615094,1.42887430722,1.36270116422 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.161525283,1.002618451,1.581736312,1.43641222,1.39713726,1.32972851 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,2.240790297,0.921739387,0.250210258,0.05249393094,0.03173704722,0.03297265422 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Waste,TWh/yr,0.270685438,0.248413348,0.151790411,0.07091062199999999,0.06375052099999999,0.066045485 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals,TWh/yr,79.96981327299999,80.524579744556,77.035370254,75.331989173892,76.430278101462,77.16612750906204 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Electricity,TWh/yr,14.706618698,24.597716777,27.699513215,30.607274801,33.06293377,33.31698577 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Gases,TWh/yr,29.041133693,19.415167872,9.243778540000003,5.180522434004001,0.304849574274,0.276093855274 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,29.041133693,19.415167872,9.243778540000003,5.180522434004001,0.304849574274,0.276093855274 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Heat,TWh/yr,0.5082115819999999,0.859462072,1.073641122,1.102303838,0.988644463,0.9219214379999999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.718420906,3.150171171,9.98426847,18.02294553,22.26397835,22.786142459 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Liquids,TWh/yr,2.877425316,6.413480834,3.402491429,0.8242920469999999,0.5991402192999999,0.6279196579 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,2.877425316,6.413480834,3.402491429,0.8242920469999999,0.5991402192999999,0.6279196579 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Other,TWh/yr,0.6567158129999999,1.461712837556,1.095340411,1.268421731,1.392103566,1.441699847 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Solar,TWh/yr,2.99e-06,2.83e-06,2.076999999999999e-06,0.0,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Solids,TWh/yr,20.949913498,14.192376796,15.540296531,8.301445222888,7.328491636888,7.200957695887999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,5.837504651,7.429576543,12.278536122,5.522748552,4.607315547,4.391491884 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,15.112408847,6.762800253,3.261760409,2.778696670888,2.721176089888,2.809465811888 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Waste,TWh/yr,10.003159195,9.575026483,7.922397337,8.922479732,9.501492059000004,9.672485348 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Other,TWh/yr,34.298131523,24.058405304996,14.2557417275,7.783485489999999,3.094684236,3.179409278 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper,TWh/yr,49.626844071,56.190093096,57.73952452,59.618727330829,59.56009843010899,59.723283909389 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Electricity,TWh/yr,16.519247129,19.102307948,18.456033442,18.106026238,17.727145153,17.54736397 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Gases,TWh/yr,16.275834822,12.176473825,3.34454023,0.065127198662,0.019106309942,0.012203259222 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,16.275834822,12.176473825,3.34454023,0.065127198662,0.019106309942,0.012203259222 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Heat,TWh/yr,6.289598433999999,8.29992786,8.236259503,8.798839775,7.980517166999999,6.868116254999999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,1.129267796,6.881165945999999,21.007332661,28.450359144,30.521680863,32.782036421 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Liquids,TWh/yr,0.2604687309999997,0.183364625,0.034997395,0.000341108,1.472e-05,1.624700000000001e-05 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,0.2604687309999997,0.183364625,0.034997395,0.000341108,1.472e-05,1.624700000000001e-05 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Other,TWh/yr,0.0,1.999999983524512e-09,-2.000000002308315e-09,0.0,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Solar,TWh/yr,2.14e-06,2.03e-06,1.49e-06,0.0,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Solids,TWh/yr,7.861656478,8.517774584,6.390795207,4.195542432167001,3.310522379167,2.512394098167 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,6.011263648,6.998956290999999,5.885797235999999,4.177493032,3.296522385,2.498156126 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,1.85039283,1.518818293,0.504997971,0.018049400167,0.013999994167,0.014237972167 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Waste,TWh/yr,1.290768541,1.029076276,0.269564594,0.002491435,0.001111838,0.001153659 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solar,TWh/yr,0.000918432,0.000970317,0.000725919,-6.3903e-08,-5.9389e-08,-5.6069e-08 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids,TWh/yr,142.696724764,100.310903865,82.436068742,45.170249736586,25.118374031693,22.818976312703 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,30.413908945,40.080133251,48.115047342,28.455351706,22.001757137,19.603492898 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,112.282815819,60.23077061399999,34.3210214,16.714898030586,3.116616894693,3.215483414703 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel,TWh/yr,142.773075492,146.877040695,144.1501618,140.240193453277,140.205921401394,141.111391625674 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Electricity,TWh/yr,17.236151724,46.408000057,48.561882196,49.734620718,51.987416904,52.691721562 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Gases,TWh/yr,16.564138835,18.600731966,9.022574093000001,1.71372394033,0.22096883389,0.17862567617 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,16.564138835,18.600731966,9.022574093000001,1.71372394033,0.22096883389,0.17862567617 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Heat,TWh/yr,0.162365596,0.259253329,0.309491888,0.341330796,0.313872286,0.261924148 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.128312166,12.437877917,38.15163867499999,62.563184377,81.006298611,81.251282492 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Liquids,TWh/yr,0.4618382169999997,1.044364515,0.5570936790000001,0.008583336,0.000285696,0.000328819 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,0.4618382169999997,1.044364515,0.5570936790000001,0.008583336,0.000285696,0.000328819 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Other,TWh/yr,22.463962099,18.068179983,11.773644455,5.994137719,1.24877477,1.272413367 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Solar,TWh/yr,1.08e-05,1.02e-05,7.529999999999999e-06,-8.33e-10,-5.56e-10,-5.56e-10 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Solids,TWh/yr,85.65109585000003,49.18479573299999,35.118307182,19.72095278078,5.29899570906,5.31963793006 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.344003745,3.068897894,6.645988496,6.399109746000001,5.273320208,5.291647181 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,85.30709210500004,46.115897839,28.472318686,13.32184303478,0.02567550106,0.02799074906 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Waste,TWh/yr,0.105200205,0.8738269949999999,0.655522102,0.163659787,0.129308592,0.135457632 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction,TWh/yr,30.635991633,30.497786979,32.079666462,34.7851938205,35.58744779069,36.57336128419 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Electricity,TWh/yr,15.363713977,15.203095673,15.318850493,16.000648111,16.534789035,17.118902757 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Gases,TWh/yr,8.990375039999998,6.226876882,2.274442813,0.0007741578,0.000358934,0.0001515077 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,8.990375039999998,6.226876882,2.274442813,0.0007741578,0.000358934,0.0001515077 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Heat,TWh/yr,3.453874451,3.448094143,4.054715827,6.883432902,6.401303478999999,5.885105565 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.624002186,3.792304308,9.709176443,11.4902265,12.24874708,13.21769628 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Liquids,TWh/yr,0.42192368,0.304698613,0.120115196,4.621e-06,-8.256e-06,-7.794e-06 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,0.42192368,0.304698613,0.120115196,4.621e-06,-8.256e-06,-7.794e-06 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Other,TWh/yr,0.1523332909999997,0.09325570000000001,0.012200879,0.0,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Solar,TWh/yr,0.000165972,0.0002088980000000001,0.000157619,-1.39e-08,-1.28e-08,-1.22e-08 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Solids,TWh/yr,1.628958512,1.429243435,0.590004342,0.4101075526,0.40225753149,0.35151298069 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.297105825,0.625439491,0.490900835,0.410104155,0.402257567,0.351513014 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,1.331852687,0.803803944,0.09910350700000001,3.3976e-06,-3.551e-08,-3.331e-08 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Waste,TWh/yr,0.000644524,9.326999999999948e-06,2.850000000000422e-06,-1.00000000000016e-08,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Waste,TWh/yr,19.292968798,20.169753267,14.053391892,10.379894137,9.774052929,9.959677777000001 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries,TWh/yr,127.381910274,126.409785515,127.191534033,130.044766353606,130.184713437446,131.361128993296 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Electricity,TWh/yr,57.729057602,58.62795181799999,57.690556728,58.338544154,58.068935173,58.241893649 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Gases,TWh/yr,36.897000528,29.236931241,14.654143826,3.225162888122,0.148935910422,0.115813180722 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,36.897000528,29.236931241,14.654143826,3.225162888122,0.148935910422,0.115813180722 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Heat,TWh/yr,10.641504407,11.800426979,13.382232512,19.943537648,18.495532109,17.094737697 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,1.6660587,8.150156799,27.48058284299999,40.120851376,47.58088528099999,51.007914945 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Liquids,TWh/yr,2.766007239,2.886970472,1.586344471,0.417772925,0.180025997,0.204007314 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,2.766007239,2.886970472,1.586344471,0.417772925,0.180025997,0.204007314 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Other,TWh/yr,0.204408176,0.305682946,0.318807523,0.362298273,0.376514698,0.384441551 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Solar,TWh/yr,0.000343959,0.000362295,0.00027041,-2.416e-08,-2.25e-08,-2.138e-08 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Solids,TWh/yr,17.139356575,15.076555656,11.942399063,7.618247098644,5.333884291524,4.312320677954 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,15.804979025,13.976625746,11.31896688,7.376553895,5.217065904,4.191451891 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,1.33437755,1.09992991,0.623432183,0.2416932036439997,0.116818387524,0.120868786954 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Waste,TWh/yr,0.338173088,0.324747309,0.136196657,0.018352015,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Electricity,TWh/yr,211.473156325,262.920175511,272.319451569,292.950590133,301.57365827,304.37227519 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases,TWh/yr,225.402312553,195.06077398,118.287448152,33.28445141543,0.77389246262,0.65259545711 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,225.402312553,195.06077398,118.287448152,33.28445141543,0.77389246262,0.65259545711 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Heat,TWh/yr,45.259922062,49.605518992,50.768958275,59.616967228,51.277397976,45.582037562 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,8.492302648999999,55.481766664,163.556510989,412.0356781,613.44754056,639.0137135370001 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids,TWh/yr,208.960137147,253.06005584,251.96876303,137.109948745,26.6772696673,26.7310216039 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,208.960137147,253.06005584,251.96876303,137.109948745,26.6772696673,26.7310216039 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Other,TWh/yr,35.1822386,25.30009419799601,15.5398227705,8.433704172999999,3.094684236,3.179409278 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solar,TWh/yr,0.000918432,0.000970317,0.000725919,-6.3903e-08,-5.9389e-08,-5.6069e-08 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids,TWh/yr,143.433480661,101.345644609,83.506136278,45.712098639586,25.118374031693,22.818976312703 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,30.413908945,40.080133251,48.115047342,28.455351706,22.001757137,19.603492898 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,113.019571716,61.265511358,35.391088936,17.256746933586,3.116616894693,3.215483414703 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Waste,TWh/yr,19.292968798,20.169753267,14.053391892,10.379894137,9.774052929,9.959677777000001 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use,TWh/yr,223.602214897,268.683319005,276.86874834,322.381831254,368.54523591,381.1545427 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals,TWh/yr,223.602214897,268.683319005,276.86874834,322.381831254,368.54523591,381.1545427 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Gases,TWh/yr,24.198850583,27.422371078,24.173292768,10.143679818,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,24.198850583,27.422371078,24.173292768,10.143679818,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,5.193763363,175.24639523,342.65523591,355.2645427 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Liquids,TWh/yr,197.78250134,238.98451829,245.14754363,135.79968862,25.89,25.89 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,197.78250134,238.98451829,245.14754363,135.79968862,25.89,25.89 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Other,TWh/yr,0.8841070769999999,1.241688893,1.284081043,0.650218683,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Solids,TWh/yr,0.736755897,1.034740744,1.070067536,0.541848903,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,0.736755897,1.034740744,1.070067536,0.541848903,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Gases,TWh/yr,24.198850583,27.422371078,24.173292768,10.143679818,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,24.198850583,27.422371078,24.173292768,10.143679818,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,5.193763363,175.24639523,342.65523591,355.2645427 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Liquids,TWh/yr,197.78250134,238.98451829,245.14754363,135.79968862,25.89,25.89 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,197.78250134,238.98451829,245.14754363,135.79968862,25.89,25.89 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Other,TWh/yr,0.8841070769999999,1.241688893,1.284081043,0.650218683,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Solids,TWh/yr,0.736755897,1.034740744,1.070067536,0.541848903,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,0.736755897,1.034740744,1.070067536,0.541848903,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Industry|Fuel Switch|Industrial Furnace,billion EUR2020/yr,0.4560788327999998,1.9630573762,2.861382471,3.2381781202,3.6575271684,3.7386575684 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Industry|Fuel Switch|Space Heating,billion EUR2020/yr,0.2848495865999998,0.4172556572,0.6613175119999997,0.8499488655999998,0.8253922053999995,0.7617921305999998 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Industry|Fuel Switch|Steam Generation,billion EUR2020/yr,0.3952817032,1.037672191,1.1653368408,1.0337364418,0.97608057,0.7747858629999993 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Industry|Innovative Processes,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0129767744,0.6208073923999998,1.6144096866,3.2821824264,4.7444586734,4.6415838698 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Efficiency|Industry|Buildiung Shell,billion EUR2020/yr,0.5170953857999996,1.0445190622,1.5726471574,1.9065115594,1.9970049958,2.0881099082 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Efficiency|Industry|Cross-Sectional Technology,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1630702919999996,0.4852535631999996,0.5789124193999995,0.5474915677999996,0.5183991487999998,0.3621672526 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Efficiency|Industry|Process Technology,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0971285343999996,0.4154370462,0.6428333991999998,0.6022225164,0.4417348819999998,0.2716779759999998 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Efficiency|Industry|Steam Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,0.2233403711999998,0.5304783509999998,0.6487909921999997,0.6570463003999997,0.6255034507999996,0.498939084 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Industry,billion EUR2020/yr,2.1768297022,7.0166190908,11.4139368072,14.7729269722,16.7157882652,16.1687392942 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Industry|Chemicals,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1619521616,0.976956204,2.0182079082,1.410796163,3.506638215199999,3.220807322399999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Industry|Energiewende,billion EUR2020/yr,2.176829702199998,7.016619090799997,11.4139368072,14.7729269722,16.7157882652,16.1687392942 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Industry|Engineering,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1453466986,0.2754668841999998,0.4011186607999996,0.4817653482000001,0.4901779723999998,0.480717903 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Industry|Food and Tobacco,billion EUR2020/yr,0.3435102372,0.8009918685999996,0.9673168899999999,0.9401277509999997,0.8871366065999995,0.8305719731999993 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Industry|Non-Ferrous Metals,billion EUR2020/yr,0.06769250539999941,0.2933782161999996,0.2973424968,0.1896168397999998,0.3237559838,0.4714673489999994 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Industry|Non-Metallic Minerals,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1864073211999996,1.1046099568,2.420009093,3.9602835968,4.0437324448,4.1103987574 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Industry|Pulp and Paper,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1081565741999996,0.3687829284,0.4705740825999998,0.4792736899999999,0.472107568,0.4023560686 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Industry|Steel,billion EUR2020/yr,0.4215153879999996,1.577604373,2.6127130036,4.8156657204,4.5488311976,4.3296379346 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Industry|Vehicle Construction,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1514491102,0.2903021977999998,0.4100273586,0.4875193831999998,0.4904724316,0.4673975467999994 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Industry|other Industries,billion EUR2020/yr,0.5907997058000001,1.3285264618,1.8166273136,2.0078784798,1.9529358452,1.8553844392 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Industry|CCS Capex,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0102492618,0.1905548807999998,0.6453131501999996,1.1106763554,1.3094540838,1.3657216532 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Industry|CO2 Storage,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0034509304,0.0641599003999992,0.1850941586,0.1027885985999998,-0.0800116593999998,-0.108000699799999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Industry|CO2 Transport,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0133080296,0.2474236701999998,0.8378990197999998,1.4421442202,1.7002447462,1.7733046882 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Production|Chemicals,Mt/yr,25.279592,29.904558,30.730385,31.781436,32.83248999999999,33.808466 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Production|Chemicals|Ammonia,Mt/yr,2.225418,2.216117,2.277316,2.355205,2.433095,2.505421 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Production|Chemicals|Ethylene,Mt/yr,4.244950999999999,5.112361,5.253540999999999,5.433224,5.612908,5.779757 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Production|Chemicals|Ethylene|Fossil,Mt/yr,4.244950999999999,5.112361,5.253540999999999,2.62677,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Production|Chemicals|Ethylene|Low-Carbon,Mt/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,2.806454,5.612908,5.779757 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Production|Chemicals|Methanol,Mt/yr,0.933986,1.124836,1.155899,1.195433,1.234968,1.271678 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Production|Non-Ferrous Metals,Mt/yr,1.849533,2.107175,2.168878,2.247411,2.325943,2.398866 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Production|Non-Metallic Minerals,Mt/yr,63.29943899999999,70.259458,72.103392,74.463996,76.876338,79.095824 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Production|Non-Metallic Minerals|Cement,Mt/yr,31.277625,35.443202,36.36871499999999,37.54664,38.724565,39.81835299999999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Production|Pulp and Paper,Mt/yr,36.06909,42.219802,43.383657,44.86492699999999,46.346197,47.72166199999999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Production|Steel,Mt/yr,38.18185,43.054483,44.221446,45.573337,47.960846,48.373693 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Production|Steel|Primary,Mt/yr,26.918179,29.83218,29.14981,28.557096,29.0,29.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Production|Steel|Primary|Direct Reduction Hydrogen,Mt/yr,0.0,6.0,14.5,22.133333,29.0,29.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Production|Steel|Primary|Direct Reduction Natural Gas,Mt/yr,0.492115,6.6,1.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Production|Steel|Primary|Oxygen,Mt/yr,26.426064,17.23218,13.64981,6.423763,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Production|Steel|Secondary,Mt/yr,11.263671,13.222303,15.071636,17.016241,18.960846,19.373693 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Storage|Industry,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,1.794216506,6.009988758,12.704096412,20.011780273,20.546982089 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry,Mt CO2/yr,106.552514861,77.686749874,45.543014259,20.00556181,5.009599839,5.135483846000001 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry|Chemicals,Mt CO2/yr,14.658240618,12.995026199,9.787441857000001,3.805990609,0.053861113,0.057949283 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry|Engineering,Mt CO2/yr,1.540220482,1.260549561,0.6711576650000001,0.003784738,0.002129038,0.00117919 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry|Food and Tobacco,Mt CO2/yr,7.070401271,4.726922524,1.641626886,0.155473837,0.082883829999999,0.083893994 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry|Non-Ferrous Metals,Mt CO2/yr,3.056559111,2.061775186,0.9937515650000001,0.47658378,0.128003472,0.135897924 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry|Non-Metallic Minerals,Mt CO2/yr,13.953340314,9.727059161,5.535769715000001,4.768994702000001,4.129677094,4.238737158 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry|Pulp and Paper,Mt CO2/yr,4.223434485,3.123795514,0.899563081999999,0.015791412,0.007084327000000001,0.006093372999999001 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry|Steel,Mt CO2/yr,50.355040651,34.686787511,21.740180871,9.814726203,0.371077925,0.370372414 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry|Vehicle Construction,Mt CO2/yr,2.420369648,1.694122229,0.556598751,0.000118769,4.730500000000001e-05,9.864000000000004e-06 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry|other Industries,Mt CO2/yr,9.274908280999998,7.410711988999999,3.716923867,0.964097759999999,0.234835735,0.241350646 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry,TWh/yr,897.76329045,962.223643703608,965.23970736322,994.430385362313,1025.865205733224,1046.043763802644 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use,TWh/yr,674.1610755529999,693.5403246986081,688.3709590232199,672.048554108313,657.3199698232241,664.8892211026439 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals,TWh/yr,136.665889225,149.470860626,150.120369796,132.829699026219,115.658635919496,117.626912277496 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Electricity,TWh/yr,46.195429299,58.669287265,71.583750921,92.045643159,99.234614187,101.057797317 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Gases,TWh/yr,47.332379714,49.940232913,42.518040051,17.114814948052,0.008985983052,0.008980429052000003 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,47.332379714,49.940232913,42.518040051,17.114814948052,0.008985983052,0.008980429052000003 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Heat,TWh/yr,19.50772789,21.876203634,21.996579255,18.294248171,13.438291727,12.003093658 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.002184285,0.08013097799999999,0.145431032,1.783948508,2.367399754,3.990156734 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Liquids,TWh/yr,1.808963015,0.9004305619999999,0.185972502,0.012562929,0.0005300449999999999,0.0006275780000000001 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,1.808963015,0.9004305619999999,0.185972502,0.012562929,0.0005300449999999999,0.0006275780000000001 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Other,TWh/yr,10.7474457,3.887293292,0.8879645959999999,0.072927389,0.00202548,0.001860075 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Solar,TWh/yr,1.87e-06,1.77e-06,1.31e-06,0.0,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Solids,TWh/yr,3.883968687,6.060609682999999,7.882505901999999,1.630966175167,0.338294526444,0.272888661444 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.778473884,4.63994197,7.428975999,1.555207808,0.317729519,0.25148513 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,3.105494803,1.420667713,0.453529903,0.07575836716699999,0.020565007444,0.021403531444 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Waste,TWh/yr,7.187788765,8.056670529,4.920124227000001,1.874587747,0.268494217,0.291507825 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Electricity,TWh/yr,218.472044278,301.313556554,367.331941098,421.496916173,443.941670201,454.813137464 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering,TWh/yr,18.716189992,18.037993567,17.845985685,17.9281732382,18.2939151822,18.76469441458 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Electricity,TWh/yr,9.94056267,10.12520554,11.628443803,13.182196016,13.752739482,14.379429356 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Gases,TWh/yr,6.250164768,5.087043103,2.724897322,0.01765903229999972,0.010597794,0.0058842244 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,6.250164768,5.087043103,2.724897322,0.01765903229999972,0.010597794,0.0058842244 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Heat,TWh/yr,1.172170602,1.461488404,2.489045322,4.392836951,4.256224324,4.126058455 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.002380886,0.023411535,0.036048397,0.045772867,0.078988589,0.125721222 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Liquids,TWh/yr,0.778048973,0.647363001,0.356095661,0.000349929,-2.8039e-05,-2.6453e-05 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,0.778048973,0.647363001,0.356095661,0.000349929,-2.8039e-05,-2.6453e-05 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Other,TWh/yr,0.001396795999999722,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Solar,TWh/yr,0.000168557,0.000172193,0.000128391,-1.14e-08,-1.08e-08,-9.999999999999999e-09 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Solids,TWh/yr,0.469457158,0.602738543,0.5686500139999999,0.2890319333,0.195393043,0.12762762018 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.310461653,0.466510731,0.5114317909999999,0.288803311,0.195393078,0.127627653 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,0.158995505,0.136227812,0.057218223,0.0002286223,-3.5e-08,-3.282e-08 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Waste,TWh/yr,0.101839582,0.090571248,0.042676775,0.000326521,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco,TWh/yr,58.928123449,55.35704460633,54.66240070222,53.2975212752,53.1980169262,53.7070624059 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Electricity,TWh/yr,20.834044035,26.417002784,36.473523874,40.451206363,41.229803069,42.053700267 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Gases,TWh/yr,29.864228249,19.404758541,6.610808241,0.3090866986,0.0026004052,0.0024843339 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,29.864228249,19.404758541,6.610808241,0.3090866986,0.0026004052,0.0024843339 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Heat,TWh/yr,4.284120159,6.219030966,9.872152820999998,11.717937926,11.243000647,10.923294452 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.00040608,0.009981681000000001,0.012971819,0.051951194,0.137079439,0.246774462 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Liquids,TWh/yr,1.348791704,1.093913606,0.367602474,0.018996927,0.001729422,0.001819059 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,1.348791704,1.093913606,0.367602474,0.018996927,0.001729422,0.001819059 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Other,TWh/yr,0.0,3.300000042108161e-10,-2.7799999949632e-09,0.0,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Solar,TWh/yr,0.000206744,0.000195501,0.000146392,-1.25e-08,-1.19e-08,-1.11e-08 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Solids,TWh/yr,2.596139555,2.212045182,1.325169124,0.7483338191,0.5837962678999999,0.4789819981 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.759555247,0.804704677,0.7545707899999999,0.52032711,0.371648903,0.264238392 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,1.836584308,1.407340505,0.5705983339999999,0.2280067091,0.2121473649,0.2147436061 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Waste,TWh/yr,0.0001869230000000135,0.000116345000000009,2.596000000000196e-05,8.359999999998924e-06,7.688000000000486e-06,7.845000000001113e-06 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases,TWh/yr,200.92757406,165.453245233,93.636930561,30.54935529643,0.94322451662,0.81216926811 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,200.92757406,165.453245233,93.636930561,30.54935529643,0.94322451662,0.81216926811 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Heat,TWh/yr,47.09366267999999,58.33777442,73.10211142499999,86.693605071,79.02234188999999,74.889350272 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.15241443,12.86189283,37.678658449,64.628324007,88.798891544,92.92203553799999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids,TWh/yr,11.12032465,13.544225294,6.694492672,1.3785511091,1.0255702323,1.1036955619 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,11.12032465,13.544225294,6.694492672,1.3785511091,1.0255702323,1.1036955619 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals,TWh/yr,29.515176852,30.818164609,30.790607451,31.36766705139,32.057801255227,32.882794156057 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Electricity,TWh/yr,16.124218139,20.351429704,24.111177767,26.398616549,27.548644698,28.07502425 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Gases,TWh/yr,9.918470913,7.172818948,3.767158372,1.91640754856,0.09826537284,0.09234284267 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,9.918470913,7.172818948,3.767158372,1.91640754856,0.09826537284,0.09234284267 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Heat,TWh/yr,0.299549548,0.45712371,0.6216595699999999,0.711176884,0.6921104189999999,0.668735497 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.009168106,0.081306982,0.172227678,0.638774128,1.585301277,1.990771493 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Liquids,TWh/yr,0.4472392789999999,0.532931633,0.196432361,0.025995704,0.010006153,0.0115118 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,0.4472392789999999,0.532931633,0.196432361,0.025995704,0.010006153,0.0115118 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Other,TWh/yr,0.07484065599999999,0.2479139009999997,0.166361752,0.13293115,0.206888644,0.233199305 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Solar,TWh/yr,1.54e-05,1.46e-05,1.07e-05,-1.110000000000001e-09,-8.33e-10,-8.33e-10 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Solids,TWh/yr,2.372002738,1.735142218,1.600995059,1.45935868394,1.81095431122,1.70052975722 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.130052888,0.814065719,1.344875918,1.400028625,1.758446306,1.645360538999999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,2.24194985,0.921076499,0.256119141,0.05933005894,0.05250800522,0.05516921822 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Waste,TWh/yr,0.2696720729999997,0.2394829129999997,0.154584192,0.084406405,0.105630381,0.110679212 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals,TWh/yr,80.07069801300001,80.94429053727804,77.72005855900001,76.150771737892,77.35799228246196,78.069128238062 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Electricity,TWh/yr,15.260656219,27.945369404,36.161175177,41.968874327,45.557174661,46.117381993 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Gases,TWh/yr,29.059638594,18.920811515,9.088178967000001,5.884935640004,0.373697835274,0.344201638274 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,29.059638594,18.920811515,9.088178967000001,5.884935640004,0.373697835274,0.344201638274 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Heat,TWh/yr,0.620335819,1.3063821,2.091288905,2.237436176,2.116592948,2.035730869 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.030536626,0.193080254,0.566247075,2.333080941,3.866487163,4.126532805 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Liquids,TWh/yr,2.87896533,6.118314264,3.285702712,0.851044112,0.6733257923,0.7062133719 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,2.87896533,6.118314264,3.285702712,0.851044112,0.6733257923,0.7062133719 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Other,TWh/yr,0.65935362,1.487474281278,1.111321175,1.562853826,1.982614778,2.051393214 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Solar,TWh/yr,2.99e-06,2.83e-06,2.076999999999999e-06,0.0,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Solids,TWh/yr,20.91621546,14.009075379,15.277891143,8.847556895888,8.594995898888,8.336745479888 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,5.792389918,7.215568543,11.979637448,5.650442177,5.094101756000001,4.71635871 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,15.123825542,6.793506836,3.298253695,3.197114718888,3.500894142888,3.620386769888 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Waste,TWh/yr,10.024657536,9.657398409999999,8.046962423,10.227553644,12.076510258,12.315197998 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Other,TWh/yr,34.316395019,23.803866895608,14.12555445422,8.17566254,4.129663375,4.261815225 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper,TWh/yr,49.51013726199999,55.457776501,56.041633257,57.953436204829,57.579981207109,57.736036244389 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Electricity,TWh/yr,17.658030851,25.892330578,36.020104381,41.802414736,43.07694915699999,44.22643355 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Gases,TWh/yr,16.18220218999999,11.743414004,3.264116002,0.051328101662,0.014472489942,0.009164289221999999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,16.18220218999999,11.743414004,3.264116002,0.051328101662,0.014472489942,0.009164289221999999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Heat,TWh/yr,6.364106927,8.692427023,10.289311084,11.94259713,11.160694665,10.39120149 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.016404454,0.190286628,0.208105019,0.219540993,0.462826556,1.140508131 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Liquids,TWh/yr,0.25814032,0.175713111,0.031848518,0.0002602019999999999,1.241e-05,1.3647e-05 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,0.25814032,0.175713111,0.031848518,0.0002602019999999999,1.241e-05,1.3647e-05 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Other,TWh/yr,0.0,3.999999991077655e-09,4.999999999373994e-09,0.0,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Solar,TWh/yr,2.14e-06,2.03e-06,1.49e-06,0.0,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Solids,TWh/yr,7.744642136,7.744284469,5.943249951,3.935315273167,2.864085642167,1.967738383167 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,5.905163073,6.254383349,5.410934918,3.92055771,2.85224569,1.955683631 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,1.839479063,1.48990112,0.532315033,0.014757563167,0.011839952167,0.012054752167 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Waste,TWh/yr,1.286608244,1.019318654,0.284896807,0.001979769,0.0009402869999999999,0.0009767539999997223 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solar,TWh/yr,0.000918432,0.000970317,0.000725919,-6.3903e-08,-5.9389e-08,-5.6069e-08 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids,TWh/yr,142.16874248,96.79456989399999,79.508898299,44.526477037686,24.766743343693,21.203147185703 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,29.842416648,36.481033012,44.960944637,27.247700678,20.723794542,17.022546001 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,112.326325832,60.313536882,34.547953662,17.278776359686,4.042948801693,4.180601184703 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel,TWh/yr,142.784833021,147.004277408,144.112127022,140.175365090277,140.158300820394,141.091433239674 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Electricity,TWh/yr,17.360629103,48.042291003,51.392445733,53.918165367,55.566578009,56.349230254 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Gases,TWh/yr,16.523422868,18.069051209,8.799057259000003,1.69676120933,0.23020595689,0.18128002817 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,16.523422868,18.069051209,8.799057259000003,1.69676120933,0.23020595689,0.18128002817 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Heat,TWh/yr,0.180458292,0.339221064,0.567140116,0.7281664200000001,0.686474921,0.624397494 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.067474198,12.053953674,36.193176582,58.701812563,77.731332563,78.154650738 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Liquids,TWh/yr,0.4358999369999997,0.954516485,0.560553843,0.009445229,0.000326483,0.0003773669999997222 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,0.4358999369999997,0.954516485,0.560553843,0.009445229,0.000326483,0.0003773669999997222 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Other,TWh/yr,22.478888298,17.788596481,11.627133755,5.971652231,1.212508136,1.237057918 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Solar,TWh/yr,1.08e-05,1.02e-05,7.529999999999999e-06,-8.33e-10,-5.56e-10,-5.56e-10 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Solids,TWh/yr,85.64925343499999,48.978291011,34.342224563,18.99446631578,4.60718575106,4.41466930006 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.288926763,2.747339586,5.7115251,5.55291472,4.577845678,4.382546584 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,85.360326672,46.230951425,28.630699463,13.44155159578,0.02934007306,0.03212271606 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Waste,TWh/yr,0.08879609,0.7783462809999999,0.630387641,0.154895756,0.123689001,0.129770141 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction,TWh/yr,30.601872306,30.246105852,31.448712532,34.2374406537,35.00834723769,35.95009890719 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Electricity,TWh/yr,15.722521469,17.663971183,22.098956453,24.577935133,25.759531763,27.006813507 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Gases,TWh/yr,9.028682250000001,6.436660504999999,2.351838198,0.0005900107999999999,0.0002456190000000001,5.92927e-05 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,9.028682250000001,6.436660504999999,2.351838198,0.0005900107999999999,0.0002456190000000001,5.92927e-05 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Heat,TWh/yr,3.661141483,4.471728561,6.344201548,9.449570107,9.073377687999999,8.71934461 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.000227278,0.007641513,0.008996145,0.008300177,0.035719376,0.132547053 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Liquids,TWh/yr,0.423460543,0.315094274,0.129130156,-2.5569e-06,-8.256e-06,-7.794e-06 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,0.423460543,0.315094274,0.129130156,-2.5569e-06,-8.256e-06,-7.794e-06 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Other,TWh/yr,0.153383882,0.099734299,0.01625646299999972,0.0,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Solar,TWh/yr,0.000165972,0.0002088980000000001,0.000157619,-1.39e-08,-1.28e-08,-1.22e-08 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Solids,TWh/yr,1.611718293,1.251057682,0.499173089,0.2010477977,0.13948106049,0.09134225069 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.270756184,0.39182168,0.367622332,0.201046296,0.139481096,0.091342284 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,1.340962109,0.859236002,0.131550757,1.5017e-06,-3.551e-08,-3.331e-08 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Waste,TWh/yr,0.0005711359999997222,8.937000000000528e-06,2.860999999999836e-06,-9.999999999988048e-10,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Waste,TWh/yr,19.288663705,20.123841161,14.200357241,12.362226762,12.575271832,12.848139775 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries,TWh/yr,127.368155433,126.203810992,125.629064019,128.108479830606,128.006978992446,129.0610612192961 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Electricity,TWh/yr,59.37595249299999,66.206669093,77.86236298899999,87.151864523,92.215635175,95.54732696999999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Gases,TWh/yr,36.768384514,28.678454495,14.512836149,3.557772107122,0.204153060422,0.167772189722 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,36.768384514,28.678454495,14.512836149,3.557772107122,0.204153060422,0.167772189722 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Heat,TWh/yr,11.00405196,13.514168958,18.830732804,27.219635306,26.355574551,25.397493747 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.023632517,0.222099585,0.335454702,0.8451426360000001,2.533756827,3.0143729 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Liquids,TWh/yr,2.740815549,2.805948358,1.581154445,0.459898634,0.339676222,0.383166986 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,2.740815549,2.805948358,1.581154445,0.459898634,0.339676222,0.383166986 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Other,TWh/yr,0.201086067,0.292854637,0.316516711,0.435297944,0.7256263369999999,0.738304713 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Solar,TWh/yr,0.000343959,0.000362295,0.00027041,-2.416e-08,-2.25e-08,-2.138e-08 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Solids,TWh/yr,16.925345018,14.201325727,12.069039454,8.420400143644,5.632556842523999,3.812623734954 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,15.606637038,13.146696757,11.451370341,8.158372921,5.416902516,3.587903078 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,1.31870798,1.05462897,0.617669113,0.262027222644,0.215654326524,0.224720656954 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Waste,TWh/yr,0.328543356,0.281927844,0.120696355,0.018468561,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Electricity,TWh/yr,218.472044278,301.313556554,367.331941098,421.496916173,443.941670201,454.813137464 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases,TWh/yr,225.126424643,192.875616311,117.810223329,40.69303511443,0.94322451662,0.81216926811 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,225.126424643,192.875616311,117.810223329,40.69303511443,0.94322451662,0.81216926811 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Heat,TWh/yr,47.09366267999999,58.33777442,73.10211142499999,86.693605071,79.02234188999999,74.889350272 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.15241443,12.86189283,42.872421812,239.874719237,431.454127454,448.186578238 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids,TWh/yr,208.90282599,252.528743584,251.842036302,137.1782397291,26.9155702323,26.9936955619 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,208.90282599,252.528743584,251.842036302,137.1782397291,26.9155702323,26.9936955619 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Other,TWh/yr,35.200502096,25.045555788608,15.40963549722,8.825881223,4.129663375,4.261815225 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solar,TWh/yr,0.000918432,0.000970317,0.000725919,-6.3903e-08,-5.9389e-08,-5.6069e-08 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids,TWh/yr,142.905498377,97.82931063800004,80.57896583499999,45.06832594068599,24.766743343693,21.203147185703 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,29.842416648,36.481033012,44.960944637,27.247700678,20.723794542,17.022546001 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,113.063081729,61.348277626,35.618021198,17.820625262686,4.042948801693,4.180601184703 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Waste,TWh/yr,19.288663705,20.123841161,14.200357241,12.362226762,12.575271832,12.848139775 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use,TWh/yr,223.602214897,268.683319005,276.86874834,322.381831254,368.54523591,381.1545427 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals,TWh/yr,223.602214897,268.683319005,276.86874834,322.381831254,368.54523591,381.1545427 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Gases,TWh/yr,24.198850583,27.422371078,24.173292768,10.143679818,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,24.198850583,27.422371078,24.173292768,10.143679818,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,5.193763363,175.24639523,342.65523591,355.2645427 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Liquids,TWh/yr,197.78250134,238.98451829,245.14754363,135.79968862,25.89,25.89 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,197.78250134,238.98451829,245.14754363,135.79968862,25.89,25.89 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Other,TWh/yr,0.8841070769999999,1.241688893,1.284081043,0.650218683,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Solids,TWh/yr,0.736755897,1.034740744,1.070067536,0.541848903,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,0.736755897,1.034740744,1.070067536,0.541848903,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Gases,TWh/yr,24.198850583,27.422371078,24.173292768,10.143679818,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,24.198850583,27.422371078,24.173292768,10.143679818,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,5.193763363,175.24639523,342.65523591,355.2645427 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Liquids,TWh/yr,197.78250134,238.98451829,245.14754363,135.79968862,25.89,25.89 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,197.78250134,238.98451829,245.14754363,135.79968862,25.89,25.89 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Other,TWh/yr,0.8841070769999999,1.241688893,1.284081043,0.650218683,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Solids,TWh/yr,0.736755897,1.034740744,1.070067536,0.541848903,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,0.736755897,1.034740744,1.070067536,0.541848903,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Industry|Fuel Switch|Industrial Furnace,billion EUR2020/yr,0.4723367965999998,2.010578593,2.9106950506000002,3.3053298876,3.9369018264,4.2042050072 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Industry|Fuel Switch|Space Heating,billion EUR2020/yr,0.2848495865999998,0.4172556572,0.6613175119999997,0.8499488655999998,0.8253922053999995,0.7617921305999998 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Industry|Fuel Switch|Steam Generation,billion EUR2020/yr,0.416833063,1.1518621638,1.5008755784,1.5745897154,1.7074861088,1.6304913352 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Industry|Innovative Processes,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0129767744,0.6208073923999998,1.6144096866,3.2821824264,4.7444586734,4.6415838698 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Efficiency|Industry|Buildiung Shell,billion EUR2020/yr,0.5170953857999996,1.0445190622,1.5726471574,1.9065115594,1.9970049958,2.0881099082 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Efficiency|Industry|Cross-Sectional Technology,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1630702919999996,0.4852535631999996,0.5789124193999995,0.5474915677999996,0.5183991487999998,0.3621672526 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Efficiency|Industry|Process Technology,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0971285343999996,0.4154370462,0.6428333991999998,0.6022225164,0.4417348819999998,0.2716779759999998 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Efficiency|Industry|Steam Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,0.2232857604,0.5302131191999997,0.6486534425999998,0.6571720451999996,0.6258581517999998,0.499037246 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Industry,billion EUR2020/yr,2.2145951034,7.1786237702,11.8029292246,15.4209988608,17.8136077026,17.5828882894 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Industry|Chemicals,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1665176782,1.0183626096,2.1040686852,2.6194053304,2.8654588022,3.6775836724 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Industry|Energiewende,billion EUR2020/yr,2.214595103399998,7.178623770199998,11.8029292246,15.4209988608,17.8136077026,17.5828882894 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Industry|Engineering,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1458795076,0.2792262874,0.4155335541999998,0.5055024106,0.5230468941999996,0.5200946737999997 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Industry|Food and Tobacco,billion EUR2020/yr,0.3517087231999998,0.8412082919999999,1.0505920506,1.1376024564,1.101784061,1.0296087966 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Industry|Non-Ferrous Metals,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0686021979999994,0.306258494,0.3237188684,0.3991243948,0.5598188489999997,0.5552225103999996 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Industry|Non-Metallic Minerals,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1933515785999998,1.1100199892,2.4047466776,3.8116511684,4.155105304999999,4.2190547436 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Industry|Pulp and Paper,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1099182793999996,0.3779891061999998,0.5004191709999999,0.5226396733999998,0.5540291635999997,0.494721114 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Industry|Steel,billion EUR2020/yr,0.4297775603999998,1.5840228712,2.626602802199999,3.4792792954,4.9358810356,4.319414187600001 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Industry|Vehicle Construction,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1541495466,0.304941897,0.4455975119999998,0.5378348143999995,0.5558748267999999,0.5405876533999996 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Industry|other Industries,billion EUR2020/yr,0.5946900313999999,1.3565942236,1.9316499034,2.407959317,2.5626087652,2.2266009376 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Industry|CCS Capex,billion EUR2020/yr,0.010253318,0.1907669083999998,0.6469368407999996,1.1258334742,1.3423497164,1.4009372336 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Industry|CO2 Storage,billion EUR2020/yr,0.003452296,0.0642312899999998,0.185640856,0.1078920061999998,-0.0689356873999998,-0.09614360059999981 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Industry|CO2 Transport,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0133132962,0.2476989745999998,0.8400072815999997,1.4618247966,1.7429576812,1.8190299308 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Production|Chemicals,Mt/yr,25.279592,29.904558,30.730385,31.781436,32.83248999999999,33.808466 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Production|Chemicals|Ammonia,Mt/yr,2.225418,2.216117,2.277316,2.355205,2.433095,2.505421 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Production|Chemicals|Ethylene,Mt/yr,4.244950999999999,5.112361,5.253540999999999,5.433224,5.612908,5.779757 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Production|Chemicals|Ethylene|Fossil,Mt/yr,4.244950999999999,5.112361,5.253540999999999,2.62677,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Production|Chemicals|Ethylene|Low-Carbon,Mt/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,2.806454,5.612908,5.779757 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Production|Chemicals|Methanol,Mt/yr,0.933986,1.124836,1.155899,1.195433,1.234968,1.271678 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Production|Non-Ferrous Metals,Mt/yr,1.849533,2.107175,2.168878,2.247411,2.325943,2.398866 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Production|Non-Metallic Minerals,Mt/yr,63.29943899999999,70.259458,72.103392,74.463996,76.876338,79.095824 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Production|Non-Metallic Minerals|Cement,Mt/yr,31.277625,35.443202,36.36871499999999,37.54664,38.724565,39.81835299999999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Production|Pulp and Paper,Mt/yr,36.06909,42.219802,43.383657,44.86492699999999,46.346197,47.72166199999999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Production|Steel,Mt/yr,38.18185,43.054483,44.221446,45.573337,47.960846,48.373693 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Production|Steel|Primary,Mt/yr,26.918179,29.83218,29.14981,28.557096,29.0,29.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Production|Steel|Primary|Direct Reduction Hydrogen,Mt/yr,0.0,6.0,14.5,22.133333,29.0,29.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Production|Steel|Primary|Direct Reduction Natural Gas,Mt/yr,0.492115,6.6,1.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Production|Steel|Primary|Oxygen,Mt/yr,26.426064,17.23218,13.64981,6.423763,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Production|Steel|Secondary,Mt/yr,11.263671,13.222303,15.071636,17.016241,18.960846,19.373693 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Storage|Industry,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,1.809515963,6.374861707,14.170093378,23.302770719,23.942467248 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry,Mt CO2/yr,106.946944291,80.496795149,49.23356426199999,22.593685508,5.854985717,6.018191982999999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry|Chemicals,Mt CO2/yr,14.635968304,13.168182884,10.490767518,4.215044405,0.059358777,0.063887015999999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry|Engineering,Mt CO2/yr,1.5434122,1.257341471,0.667365893999999,0.003554506,0.002197819,0.001277865 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry|Food and Tobacco,Mt CO2/yr,7.385021394999999,5.090558593999999,1.844290625,0.191090028,0.09351279500000001,0.094907317999999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry|Non-Ferrous Metals,Mt CO2/yr,3.061693656,2.152703162,1.114629029,0.561278116,0.153713603,0.162488331 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry|Non-Metallic Minerals,Mt CO2/yr,13.950090983,10.934047742,6.658340465,5.596898038,4.867450717000001,5.012929654 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry|Pulp and Paper,Mt CO2/yr,4.20675072,3.113152295,0.916236879999999,0.020832469,0.009347560000000001,0.007818298000000001 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry|Steel,Mt CO2/yr,50.354697751,35.43377321299999,23.085950436,10.967074497,0.431522043,0.431764045 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry|Vehicle Construction,Mt CO2/yr,2.444893329,1.703692492,0.562371762999999,0.000339783,0.000188987,8.473999999999999e-05 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry|other Industries,Mt CO2/yr,9.364415953,7.643343295999999,3.893611652000001,1.037573666,0.237693416,0.243034716 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry,TWh/yr,896.450783458,965.7586685432,1011.667672478556,1084.771902830228,1165.249210961862,1189.837169170409 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use,TWh/yr,672.848568561,697.0753495381999,719.3575036435561,725.3916313122281,731.6477665818619,740.9109162404089 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals,TWh/yr,136.565155442,150.04438039,156.819328945,143.414229672672,128.441497436672,130.729390268942 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Electricity,TWh/yr,46.24133232699999,59.39345484099999,75.14171673999999,99.603531205,110.532636593,112.735985423 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Gases,TWh/yr,47.283072604,46.256184924,42.695750387,18.394134537782,0.009979494782,0.009942513052 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,47.283072604,46.256184924,42.695750387,18.394134537782,0.009979494782,0.009942513052 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Heat,TWh/yr,19.499463678,22.001098884,22.825794906,19.527185901,14.732353705,13.190432506 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.00020387,0.035089477,0.07634131899999999,1.622055763,2.579931372,4.218871931 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Liquids,TWh/yr,1.802296124,1.013718058,0.2017212279999997,0.01462794299999972,0.000582639,0.000690231 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,1.802296124,1.013718058,0.2017212279999997,0.01462794299999972,0.000582639,0.000690231 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Other,TWh/yr,10.739465873,3.89846863,0.9360125629999999,0.081182214,0.002231769999999722,0.002050462 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Solar,TWh/yr,1.72e-06,1.64e-06,1.22e-06,0.0,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Solids,TWh/yr,3.847290663,4.177796381,6.178484742999999,1.42752511489,0.28789841689,0.25001850689 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.74912857,2.70560351,5.680326831,1.338067984,0.2652702109999998,0.226455872 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,3.098162093,1.472192871,0.498157912,0.08945713089,0.02262820589,0.02356263489 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Waste,TWh/yr,7.152028583,13.268567555,8.763505838999999,2.743986994,0.295883446,0.321398696 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Electricity,TWh/yr,217.458254004,302.766190305,389.297535556,460.340184771,498.341608274,509.7427779239999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering,TWh/yr,18.642612481,18.10001274399999,18.091345695,18.1260803354,18.52536010618,19.02002546794 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Electricity,TWh/yr,9.936249976000003,10.458954869,12.365527539,13.76559342,14.30602811,14.896858497 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Gases,TWh/yr,6.23483711,5.055147536,2.728300971,0.016895787,0.0109405644,0.0063755825 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,6.23483711,5.055147536,2.728300971,0.016895787,0.0109405644,0.0063755825 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Heat,TWh/yr,1.131194669,1.343814756,2.23548881,4.167702772999999,4.05429359,3.960491888 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0005483659999999999,0.010093916,0.013389614,0.01638132499999972,0.041342591,0.077083986 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Liquids,TWh/yr,0.774696732,0.6369596639999999,0.345828402,0.000139889,-2.9228e-05,-2.784e-05 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,0.774696732,0.6369596639999999,0.345828402,0.000139889,-2.9228e-05,-2.784e-05 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Other,TWh/yr,0.004721131999999999,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Solar,TWh/yr,0.000154199,0.0001593260000000001,0.0001198410000000001,-1.08e-08,-1.03e-08,-9.72e-09 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Solids,TWh/yr,0.456986947,0.505572628,0.367345978,0.1591293651999997,0.11278448908,0.07924336416 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.2815069119999999,0.351594437,0.311718732,0.1589175499999997,0.112784556,0.07924342799999999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,0.175480035,0.153978191,0.055627246,0.0002118152,-6.692e-08,-6.384e-08 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Waste,TWh/yr,0.10322335,0.089310049,0.03534454,0.000237787,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco,TWh/yr,59.39700788400003,56.481830794,57.776162675,58.0794096824,59.8617813274,60.5500779325 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Electricity,TWh/yr,20.555460181,26.908280363,38.834094875,44.527320739,46.76078612,47.663178449 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Gases,TWh/yr,30.200865554,19.82736558,6.886583243,0.3649386252,0.0037485016,0.0032612887 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,30.200865554,19.82736558,6.886583243,0.3649386252,0.0037485016,0.0032612887 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Heat,TWh/yr,4.047178492,5.801295592,10.089135406,12.408182601,12.398707717,12.115411136 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,2.56e-05,0.003531876,0.006374415,0.04776612199999999,0.151221873,0.294223858 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Liquids,TWh/yr,1.352805842,1.151108579,0.400024638,0.023850554,0.001948555,0.002056567999999722 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,1.352805842,1.151108579,0.400024638,0.023850554,0.001948555,0.002056567999999722 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Other,TWh/yr,0.0,-1.000000002075729e-09,-9.99999998823123e-10,0.0,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Solar,TWh/yr,0.000190729,0.000182113,0.0001375860000000001,-1.19e-08,-1.14e-08,-1.08e-08 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Solids,TWh/yr,3.230841996,2.789914074,1.55976384,0.7073402530999999,0.5453599122,0.4719377776 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.6807327009999999,0.628181158,0.5991467699999999,0.419842716,0.306430527,0.229237895 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,2.550109295,2.161732916,0.9606170700000003,0.2874975371,0.2389293852,0.2426998826 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Waste,TWh/yr,0.00963949,0.0001526179999999967,4.867300000000603e-05,1.080000000000005e-05,8.660000000000612e-06,8.865999999999737e-06 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases,TWh/yr,201.168822648,163.977194074,96.882951221,33.43963865519,1.07542194634,0.9259606614499999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,201.168822648,163.977194074,96.882951221,33.43963865519,1.07542194634,0.9259606614499999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Heat,TWh/yr,46.35051994499999,56.78952719599999,72.752891967,87.966225128,81.489202968,77.440150073 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.105554697,12.392522831,39.09861215,70.339448212,101.907866938,106.379561613 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids,TWh/yr,11.09778005,14.781727728,7.454440891999999,1.697982812,1.1455443279,1.2323163293 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,11.09778005,14.781727728,7.454440891999999,1.697982812,1.1455443279,1.2323163293 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals,TWh/yr,29.42086939,30.950068728,32.274697434,34.170401168507,36.235423048607,37.198435259167 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Electricity,TWh/yr,16.047161555,20.338295615,25.283498463,28.798177396,31.165943809,31.752898691 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Gases,TWh/yr,9.928423258,7.332897693,4.128908169,2.20767955517,0.116955831,0.10831531628 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,9.928423258,7.332897693,4.128908169,2.20767955517,0.116955831,0.10831531628 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Heat,TWh/yr,0.295493215,0.454343654,0.638726621,0.7459149239999999,0.743974973,0.720194164 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.004829711,0.051359779,0.13310115,0.629174311,1.777677742,2.251450904 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Liquids,TWh/yr,0.446251355,0.64672311,0.239226092,0.034778119,0.011416487,0.013144621 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,0.446251355,0.64672311,0.239226092,0.034778119,0.011416487,0.013144621 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Other,TWh/yr,0.07488808400000001,0.283490085,0.225227405,0.182283495,0.277987141,0.308480581 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Solar,TWh/yr,1.41e-05,1.34e-05,9.97e-06,-8.33e-10,-8.33e-10,-8.33e-10 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Solids,TWh/yr,2.350392814,1.588631773,1.450494785,1.47497356717,2.02092327144,1.91754771072 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.100336798,0.635474627,1.16168802,1.405584303,1.961014299,1.854553129 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,2.250056016,0.953157146,0.288806765,0.06938926416999999,0.05990897243999999,0.06299458172 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Waste,TWh/yr,0.273415298,0.254313619,0.175504779,0.097419802,0.120543795,0.126403272 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals,TWh/yr,79.78322058600003,81.87418711320004,82.746749255556,84.748112610501,89.69545228595801,90.785382299915 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Electricity,TWh/yr,15.05282945,26.728733799,38.093677078,46.46356713799999,52.69614281,53.379587263 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Gases,TWh/yr,29.041619241,20.495683082,10.698399306,6.862019430444,0.440628832724,0.406131206004 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,29.041619241,20.495683082,10.698399306,6.862019430444,0.440628832724,0.406131206004 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Heat,TWh/yr,0.6097319990000003,1.301183187,2.15790163,2.380813171,2.342628918,2.263370207 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.02263475199999972,0.144246603,0.477643199,2.380782398,4.471453895,4.861454219 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Liquids,TWh/yr,2.874738636,6.736472603,3.699948685,0.977771045,0.7915580718999999,0.8328318913 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,2.874738636,6.736472603,3.699948685,0.977771045,0.7915580718999999,0.8328318913 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Other,TWh/yr,0.6599634099999999,1.5269903342,1.304840571556,1.85835378,2.425480969,2.516090654 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Solar,TWh/yr,2.730000000000001e-06,2.61e-06,1.934e-06,0.0,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Solids,TWh/yr,20.885898926,13.828591752,15.158808262,9.764276772057,9.954845073334003,9.698220904611 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,5.754527256,5.278900014,10.611306654,5.829640997999999,5.854659154999999,5.44389247 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,15.13137167,8.549691738,4.547501608,3.934635774057,4.100185918334,4.254328434611 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Waste,TWh/yr,10.026069443,9.811099956000001,8.99762696,11.679715705,14.230084798,14.564325748 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Other,TWh/yr,34.345060224,24.1871180202,15.291370136556,9.268516999000001,4.844129163,5.006115788 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper,TWh/yr,49.284796306,55.659521669,59.560076418,64.630745708282,67.417578617552,67.826287961552 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Electricity,TWh/yr,17.705691569,27.128040368,39.851374668,48.12448686899999,51.980127084,53.30423819799999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Gases,TWh/yr,16.142324169,11.698902761,3.313310417,0.067691940392,0.022038412662,0.013954248662 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,16.142324169,11.698902761,3.313310417,0.067691940392,0.022038412662,0.013954248662 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Heat,TWh/yr,6.262503494999999,8.295413241,10.356891887,12.465654235,12.033607644,11.196597413 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.005325664,0.09540167299999999,0.111409695,0.148002452,0.5744293719999999,1.367370010000001 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Liquids,TWh/yr,0.255029316,0.168653781,0.028483746,0.0002512150000000002,1.4629e-05,1.6142e-05 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,0.255029316,0.168653781,0.028483746,0.0002512150000000002,1.4629e-05,1.6142e-05 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Other,TWh/yr,0.0,1.700000003471819e-08,3.999999999032989e-09,0.0,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Solar,TWh/yr,1.96e-06,1.87e-06,1.38e-06,0.0,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Solids,TWh/yr,7.642031085999999,7.27083227,5.616839903,3.82182322889,2.80625465889,1.94296052589 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,5.815268270000001,5.769017625999999,5.05985336,3.802364231,2.792317819,1.928750092 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,1.826762816,1.501814644,0.556986543,0.01945899789,0.01393683989,0.01421043389 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Waste,TWh/yr,1.271889047,1.002275688,0.281764718,0.002835768,0.001106817,0.001151424 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solar,TWh/yr,0.000842146,0.0008997909999999999,0.0006791649999999999,-5.9689e-08,-5.6669e-08,-5.416899999999999e-08 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids,TWh/yr,142.414165808,95.391862929,77.421645032,45.233235415727,25.704610094291,22.751213615828 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,29.093425974,30.342756762,39.171565029,25.54470227,21.018541156,17.890528592 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,113.320739834,65.049106167,38.250080003,19.688533145727,4.686068938291,4.860685023828 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel,TWh/yr,142.564546187,147.123464223,152.347131882,155.769095487054,163.000680118604,164.078152660164 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Electricity,TWh/yr,17.164986726,46.100412099,54.22231411999999,60.080518177,64.96138911999999,65.906578909 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Gases,TWh/yr,16.531484238,18.222981823,9.418493856,1.92543620678,0.2557927870499997,0.20381326833 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,16.531484238,18.222981823,9.418493856,1.92543620678,0.2557927870499997,0.20381326833 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Heat,TWh/yr,0.174835591,0.33876855,0.593065761,0.772553333,0.752588742,0.6844065970000001 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.065464356,11.936100406,38.09285323699999,64.882746687,89.99405393800001,90.47440517300001 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Liquids,TWh/yr,0.435938939,0.9222110299999999,0.532429096,0.010177358,0.000387531,0.000448401 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,0.435938939,0.9222110299999999,0.532429096,0.010177358,0.000387531,0.000448401 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Other,TWh/yr,22.478701151,18.063980083,12.488028025,6.716486958,1.412802946,1.441189378 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Solar,TWh/yr,9.869999999999999e-06,9.41e-06,7e-06,-5.56e-10,-5.56e-10,-5.56e-10 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Solids,TWh/yr,85.62031131300003,50.800881482,36.39331846299999,21.19811847083,5.47453856211,5.21114885739 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.267442091,2.78687572,5.952569961,6.204455782,5.439713058,5.172980253 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,85.352869222,48.014005762,30.440748502,14.99366268883,0.03482550411,0.03816860439 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Waste,TWh/yr,0.09281400299999999,0.73811934,0.606622324,0.183058297,0.149126493,0.156162077 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction,TWh/yr,30.518392218,30.30065899,31.692218415,34.4944510169,35.32010504318,36.3034788081 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Electricity,TWh/yr,15.707166276,18.120189022,22.860667746,25.211147906,26.369277128,27.552084641 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Gases,TWh/yr,9.038971241,6.40928467,2.367197758,0.0016869707,0.0009489094,0.0004312858 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,9.038971241,6.40928467,2.367197758,0.0016869707,0.0009489094,0.0004312858 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Heat,TWh/yr,3.53947773,4.176546072,5.939321448,9.137006713,8.814336897,8.530829096 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,9.980000000000003e-06,0.001638158,0.001787215,0.001738732999999722,0.033439468,0.150792558 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Liquids,TWh/yr,0.425096224,0.314038898,0.127349968,-6.685e-06,-8.595e-06,-8.205e-06 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,0.425096224,0.314038898,0.127349968,-6.685e-06,-8.595e-06,-8.205e-06 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Other,TWh/yr,0.156919248,0.101397152,0.016515556,0.0,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Solar,TWh/yr,0.000151847,0.000193823,0.000147554,-1.31e-08,-1.22e-08,-1.17e-08 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Solids,TWh/yr,1.639444671,1.172641506,0.37922415,0.1428773853,0.10211124798,0.069349444 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.240891518,0.271368177,0.2385318759999997,0.142873022,0.102111316,0.069349509 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,1.398553153,0.901273329,0.140692274,4.3633e-06,-6.802e-08,-6.5e-08 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Waste,TWh/yr,0.01115500099999973,0.004729689,7.019999999999942e-06,7.000000000000103e-09,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Waste,TWh/yr,19.29783704,25.487123477,18.999475894,14.725586208,14.796754009,15.169450083 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries,TWh/yr,126.671968067,126.541224887,128.049792924,131.959105630512,133.149888597709,134.419685582129 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Electricity,TWh/yr,59.047375944,67.589829329,82.644664327,93.765841921,99.5692775,102.551367853 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Gases,TWh/yr,36.767225233,28.678746005,14.646007114,3.599155601722,0.214388612722,0.173735952122 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,36.767225233,28.678746005,14.646007114,3.599155601722,0.214388612722,0.173735952122 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Heat,TWh/yr,10.790641076,13.07706326,17.916565498,26.361211477,25.616710782,24.778417066 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.006512398,0.115060943,0.185712306,0.610800421,2.284316687,2.683908974 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Liquids,TWh/yr,2.730926882,3.191842005,1.879429037,0.6363933740000003,0.339674238,0.38316452 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,2.730926882,3.191842005,1.879429037,0.6363933740000003,0.339674238,0.38316452 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Other,TWh/yr,0.230401326,0.3127917199999999,0.320746013,0.430210552,0.7256263369999999,0.738304713 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Solar,TWh/yr,0.000314991,0.000335599,0.00025268,-2.25e-08,-2.138e-08,-2.056e-08 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Solids,TWh/yr,16.74096739199999,13.257001063,10.317364908,6.53717125829,4.399894462367,3.110786524567 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,15.203591858,11.915741493,9.556422825,6.242955684,4.184240215,2.886065944 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,1.537375533999999,1.34125957,0.760942083,0.29421557429,0.215654247367,0.224720580567 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Waste,TWh/yr,0.357602825,0.318554963,0.139051041,0.018321048,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Electricity,TWh/yr,217.458254004,302.766190305,389.297535556,460.340184771,498.341608274,509.7427779239999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases,TWh/yr,225.367673231,191.399565152,122.658158254,45.01491334219,1.07542194634,0.9259606614499999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,225.367673231,191.399565152,122.658158254,45.01491334219,1.07542194634,0.9259606614499999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Heat,TWh/yr,46.35051994499999,56.78952719599999,72.752891967,87.966225128,81.489202968,77.440150073 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.105554697,12.392522831,44.611915229,267.454369642,509.619311318,529.415814543 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids,TWh/yr,208.88028139,253.766246018,265.8806508719999,150.945655812,27.0355443279,27.1223163293 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,208.88028139,253.766246018,265.8806508719999,150.945655812,27.0355443279,27.1223163293 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Other,TWh/yr,35.229167301,25.4288069132,16.707069450556,10.055281945,4.844129163,5.006115788 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solar,TWh/yr,0.000842146,0.0008997909999999999,0.0006791649999999999,-5.9689e-08,-5.6669e-08,-5.416899999999999e-08 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids,TWh/yr,143.150921705,96.426603673,78.601394461,45.888872870727,25.704610094291,22.751213615828 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,29.093425974,30.342756762,39.171565029,25.54470227,21.018541156,17.890528592 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,114.057495731,66.083846911,39.429829432,20.344170600727,4.686068938291,4.860685023828 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Waste,TWh/yr,19.29783704,25.487123477,18.999475894,14.725586208,14.796754009,15.169450083 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use,TWh/yr,223.602214897,268.683319005,292.310168835,359.380271518,433.60144438,448.92625293 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals,TWh/yr,223.602214897,268.683319005,292.310168835,359.380271518,433.60144438,448.92625293 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Gases,TWh/yr,24.198850583,27.422371078,25.775207033,11.575274687,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,24.198850583,27.422371078,25.775207033,11.575274687,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,5.513303079,197.11492143,407.71144438,423.03625293 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Liquids,TWh/yr,197.78250134,238.98451829,258.42620998,149.247673,25.89,25.89 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,197.78250134,238.98451829,258.42620998,149.247673,25.89,25.89 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Other,TWh/yr,0.8841070769999999,1.241688893,1.415699314,0.7867649459999999,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Solids,TWh/yr,0.736755897,1.034740744,1.179749429,0.655637455,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,0.736755897,1.034740744,1.179749429,0.655637455,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Gases,TWh/yr,24.198850583,27.422371078,25.775207033,11.575274687,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,24.198850583,27.422371078,25.775207033,11.575274687,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,5.513303079,197.11492143,407.71144438,423.03625293 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Liquids,TWh/yr,197.78250134,238.98451829,258.42620998,149.247673,25.89,25.89 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,197.78250134,238.98451829,258.42620998,149.247673,25.89,25.89 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Other,TWh/yr,0.8841070769999999,1.241688893,1.415699314,0.7867649459999999,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Solids,TWh/yr,0.736755897,1.034740744,1.179749429,0.655637455,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,0.736755897,1.034740744,1.179749429,0.655637455,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Industry|Fuel Switch|Industrial Furnace,billion EUR2020/yr,0.4380519019999998,1.958091154599999,3.0261004674,3.6907900492,4.452053632799999,4.766846940799999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Industry|Fuel Switch|Space Heating,billion EUR2020/yr,0.2845806282,0.4162313661999998,0.6593542405999995,0.8493534639999999,0.8251074409999994,0.7624567811999994 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Industry|Fuel Switch|Steam Generation,billion EUR2020/yr,0.4343081453999996,1.1668406996,1.4921239538,1.557358389,1.7094543068,1.645942645599999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Industry|Innovative Processes,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0129767744,0.6268117502,1.7044068194,3.6214820842,5.4188893776,5.365681254999999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Efficiency|Industry|Buildiung Shell,billion EUR2020/yr,0.4201400014,0.8486717377999996,1.2777758166,1.549040643,1.6225665586,1.6965893006 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Efficiency|Industry|Cross-Sectional Technology,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1595015085999998,0.4553333928,0.5447967930000001,0.5372209959999996,0.5220146661999996,0.3686982917999998 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Efficiency|Industry|Process Technology,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0927997624,0.3788218343999998,0.5881185887999998,0.5657214047999999,0.432763639,0.2741413429999998 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Efficiency|Industry|Steam Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1764939917999998,0.4361301924,0.6261357707999996,0.7991526299999995,0.8499094319999997,0.6253782702 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Industry,billion EUR2020/yr,2.0443862324,6.764128963599999,11.524224137,15.7805498684,18.7974579982,18.5839238668 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Industry|Chemicals,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1525288379999998,0.9058975775999998,1.9798539134,2.7153083404,3.2269052354,4.121347202 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Industry|Energiewende,billion EUR2020/yr,2.044386232399999,6.764128963599997,11.524224137,15.7805498684,18.7974579982,18.5839238668 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Industry|Engineering,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1318985474,0.2472695788,0.3642521116,0.4442920268,0.4578760967999999,0.4497860611999998 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Industry|Food and Tobacco,billion EUR2020/yr,0.3344065903999998,0.7793544323999995,0.9811602221999993,1.1005602028,1.1249279214,1.0423493976 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Industry|Non-Ferrous Metals,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0635819289999994,0.2776406381999998,0.3182704743999998,0.4274281332,0.6124051783999994,0.6210678458000001 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Industry|Non-Metallic Minerals,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1716007313999996,1.061072606,2.3984950796,3.7779146024,4.264285141799999,4.320223207800001 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Industry|Pulp and Paper,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0929352524,0.3429938604,0.4842902154000001,0.5518760253999998,0.6243743395999999,0.5506736859999998 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Industry|Steel,billion EUR2020/yr,0.4016312849999998,1.6447153494,2.860715979,4.113142544,5.649312587999999,4.9720528494 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Industry|Vehicle Construction,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1408817249999996,0.2720777687999998,0.3942445184,0.481682934,0.500355668,0.4797611944 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Industry|other Industries,billion EUR2020/yr,0.5549213337999999,1.233107152,1.742941622999999,2.1683450594,2.3370158288,2.0266624226 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Industry|CCS Capex,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0102637595999998,0.1918197697999998,0.6591296677999996,1.169673061,1.4314193548,1.499839852 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Industry|CO2 Storage,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0034558118,0.0645857889999994,0.1876006735999992,0.0944224663999998,-0.1143342478,-0.1480190402 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Industry|CO2 Transport,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0118139467999998,0.2207912768,0.7586813451999996,1.3463346808,1.6476138372,1.7263682268 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Production|Chemicals,Mt/yr,25.279592,29.904558,32.266904,34.959582,37.75736299999999,38.879737 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Production|Chemicals|Ammonia,Mt/yr,2.225418,2.216117,2.391181,2.590726,2.798059,2.881234 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Production|Chemicals|Ethylene,Mt/yr,4.244950999999999,5.112361,5.516217999999999,5.976547999999999,6.454844,6.646720999999999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Production|Chemicals|Ethylene|Fossil,Mt/yr,4.244950999999999,5.112361,5.516217999999999,2.889448,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Production|Chemicals|Ethylene|Low-Carbon,Mt/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,3.0871,6.454844,6.646720999999999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Production|Chemicals|Methanol,Mt/yr,0.933986,1.124836,1.213694,1.314976,1.420213,1.46243 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Production|Non-Ferrous Metals,Mt/yr,1.849533,2.107175,2.277323,2.472151999999999,2.674835,2.758695 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Production|Non-Metallic Minerals,Mt/yr,63.29943899999999,70.259458,75.708563,81.91039300000001,88.40779099999999,90.960199 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Production|Non-Metallic Minerals|Cement,Mt/yr,31.277625,35.443202,38.187151,41.30130399999999,44.53325,45.791105 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Production|Pulp and Paper,Mt/yr,36.06909,42.219802,45.552839,49.351419,53.298125,54.87991 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Production|Steel,Mt/yr,38.18185,43.054483,46.43251799999999,50.130672,55.154973,55.629747 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Production|Steel|Primary,Mt/yr,26.918179,29.83218,30.607301,31.412807,33.35,33.35 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Production|Steel|Primary|Direct Reduction Hydrogen,Mt/yr,0.0,6.0,15.225,24.346667,33.35,33.35 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Production|Steel|Primary|Direct Reduction Natural Gas,Mt/yr,0.492115,6.6,1.05,0.0,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Production|Steel|Primary|Oxygen,Mt/yr,26.426064,17.23218,14.332301,7.06614,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Production|Steel|Secondary,Mt/yr,11.263671,13.222303,15.825217,18.717865,21.804973,22.279747 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Storage|Industry,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,1.799396213,5.773361349,11.515340734,17.069683388,17.46472636 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry,Mt CO2/yr,106.690508361,78.50659954099999,45.02058971999999,18.171784858,4.376321882,4.463969041 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry|Chemicals,Mt CO2/yr,14.667728657,13.028397517,9.394883554,3.497175234,0.048637472999999,0.052305096 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry|Engineering,Mt CO2/yr,1.543958263,1.287699428,0.726643494999999,0.012494511,0.008344203000000001,0.005629897999999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry|Food and Tobacco,Mt CO2/yr,7.057637144,4.745849432,1.768256873,0.142991699,0.07306588400000001,0.073781897 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry|Non-Ferrous Metals,Mt CO2/yr,3.071121839,2.118515226,1.05507415,0.443036533,0.113637388,0.117575628 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry|Non-Metallic Minerals,Mt CO2/yr,13.97669557,9.818793212,5.504777831999999,4.299096876,3.542846046,3.627279879 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry|Pulp and Paper,Mt CO2/yr,4.252853618,3.353968972,1.155210767,0.02289428,0.010664381,0.00860725 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry|Steel,Mt CO2/yr,50.3558774,34.674670963,20.605015897,8.752422417999998,0.313758143,0.312139317999999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry|Vehicle Construction,Mt CO2/yr,2.427764453,1.785266617,0.767331295999999,0.002984409,0.002150471,0.001736958 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry|other Industries,Mt CO2/yr,9.336871417,7.693438173999999,4.043395855999999,0.998688898,0.263217893,0.264913117 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry,TWh/yr,898.6498844509999,957.289046514608,915.22772241622,905.214291948113,890.8418348162242,906.8427798796441 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use,TWh/yr,675.047669554,688.6057275096081,653.52492687822,618.494578033113,583.7898638662239,589.6819698796438 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals,TWh/yr,136.749748791,148.580546201,143.198050242,122.007010849219,102.652969825496,104.325923538496 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Electricity,TWh/yr,46.009755631,56.94733168,66.64595598,83.127598371,87.105387703,89.571361517 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Gases,TWh/yr,47.364713837,50.032298904,40.755308987,15.726220850052,0.008185317051999999,0.008149988052 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,47.364713837,50.032298904,40.755308987,15.726220850052,0.008185317051999999,0.008149988052 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Heat,TWh/yr,19.723113928,22.566279983,22.304091863,18.200146391,13.280061192,12.485983467 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,8.74e-05,0.003816992,0.068149331,1.569520128,1.635810777,1.697910184 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Liquids,TWh/yr,1.810879258,0.9178315639999997,0.182983986,0.011546968,0.000479045,0.000566996 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,1.810879258,0.9178315639999997,0.182983986,0.011546968,0.000479045,0.000566996 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Other,TWh/yr,10.749355738,3.8920538,0.854070243,0.067016859,0.001828423,0.001678578 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Solar,TWh/yr,1.87e-06,1.77e-06,1.31e-06,0.0,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Solids,TWh/yr,3.898501827,6.143337332,7.655588404,1.582603269167,0.378863151444,0.297231640444 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.789979342,4.707275335999999,7.196037192,1.512990271,0.360285588,0.277903135 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,3.108522485,1.436061996,0.459551212,0.069612998167,0.01857756344399972,0.019328505444 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Waste,TWh/yr,7.193339301999999,8.077594176,4.731900138,1.722358013,0.242354217,0.263041168 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Electricity,TWh/yr,216.904043458,284.381564803,315.523299075,351.591175639,357.666726758,366.543142089 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering,TWh/yr,18.743926218,17.928241494,17.486312173,17.6961459472,18.0338891212,18.48330425958 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Electricity,TWh/yr,9.932058588,9.752684329000001,10.242669318,11.090350884,11.408002909,11.804962366 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Gases,TWh/yr,6.262502509,5.17811034,2.878631786,0.0576585673,0.04142698700000001,0.0279611214 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,6.262502509,5.17811034,2.878631786,0.0576585673,0.04142698700000001,0.0279611214 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Heat,TWh/yr,1.183967881,1.534966598,2.684256834,4.675081283,4.614417095999999,4.575551832 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.00115368,0.007954924,0.017762974,0.041205256,0.050319245,0.064421718 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Liquids,TWh/yr,0.780341258,0.663492922,0.392939876,0.001405589,-2.8039e-05,-2.6453e-05 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,0.780341258,0.663492922,0.392939876,0.001405589,-2.8039e-05,-2.6453e-05 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Other,TWh/yr,0.001643499999999722,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Solar,TWh/yr,0.000168557,0.000172193,0.000128391,-1.14e-08,-1.08e-08,-9.999999999999999e-09 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Solids,TWh/yr,0.4793379719999999,0.6934352850000001,1.203447487,1.8292343283,1.919750934,2.01043368518 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.319198219,0.547625935,1.115418612,1.828360542,1.919750969,2.010433718 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,0.160139753,0.14580935,0.08802887499999999,0.0008737863,-3.5e-08,-3.282e-08 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Engineering|Waste,TWh/yr,0.102752273,0.09742490300000001,0.066475507,0.001210051,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco,TWh/yr,58.972846168,54.70766030133,51.28435411922,48.5965189222,46.8474127512,47.2470282509 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Electricity,TWh/yr,20.407516422,23.372151043,28.187294792,30.961807016,30.100564658,30.292019554 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Gases,TWh/yr,29.810217031,19.485981159,7.094537677999999,0.2851322036,0.0025982512,0.0024120089 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,29.810217031,19.485981159,7.094537677999999,0.2851322036,0.0025982512,0.0024120089 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Heat,TWh/yr,4.799680578999999,8.433057938,13.995516532,16.141446996,15.654151931,15.944714469 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,6.73e-05,0.001069195,0.00430749,0.040519756,0.086490819,0.087157425 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Liquids,TWh/yr,1.346288684,1.097917531,0.39693142,0.017462794,0.001522063,0.001597641 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,1.346288684,1.097917531,0.39693142,0.017462794,0.001522063,0.001597641 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Other,TWh/yr,0.0,3.300000026929331e-10,1.219999997727206e-09,0.0,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Solar,TWh/yr,0.000206744,0.000195501,0.000146392,-1.25e-08,-1.19e-08,-1.11e-08 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Solids,TWh/yr,2.608682859,2.317170143,1.605589038,1.1501424581,1.0020782689,0.9191202691 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.7752604799999999,0.905450146,0.973246439,0.940881658,0.815218674,0.7303777300000001 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,1.833422379,1.411719997,0.632342599,0.2092608001,0.1868595949,0.1887425391 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Food and Tobacco|Waste,TWh/yr,0.0001865489999999883,0.0001177910000000112,3.077600000000144e-05,7.710999999998792e-06,6.771999999998641e-06,6.89499999999982e-06 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases,TWh/yr,201.386122762,168.32424781,94.74662909199999,28.59995253643,1.14473341362,0.95676683311 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,201.386122762,168.32424781,94.74662909199999,28.59995253643,1.14473341362,0.95676683311 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Heat,TWh/yr,48.402116505,64.00764428299999,83.30107252,98.13433351100001,91.009799049,89.88642598499999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.10161514,12.322017064,35.08735859,57.344085109,73.62908137500003,74.03436808899997 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids,TWh/yr,11.171292407,13.821494845,7.034023995,1.296674939,0.9229446573,0.9950043769 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,11.171292407,13.821494845,7.034023995,1.296674939,0.9229446573,0.9950043769 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals,TWh/yr,29.542926804,30.538487033,28.98148435,28.56634587339,27.972216437227,28.665589249057 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Electricity,TWh/yr,16.054166777,19.625969141,21.160348720000002,22.669396163,22.864634213,23.622604348 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Gases,TWh/yr,9.96801907,7.355627101,3.926318655,1.80524366356,0.12519132484,0.10583342767 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,9.96801907,7.355627101,3.926318655,1.80524366356,0.12519132484,0.10583342767 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Heat,TWh/yr,0.310658924,0.496311105,0.7359246909999999,0.843354303,0.819501227,0.8266105739999999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.002981457,0.031798426,0.110049701,0.520515428,1.125358165,1.176594544 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Liquids,TWh/yr,0.453399089,0.5620053169999999,0.24219836,0.025183185,0.0087337,0.010041468 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,0.453399089,0.5620053169999999,0.24219836,0.025183185,0.0087337,0.010041468 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Other,TWh/yr,0.075504268,0.25898769,0.163045369,0.109799366,0.151783695,0.168241546 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Solar,TWh/yr,1.54e-05,1.46e-05,1.07e-05,-1.110000000000001e-09,-8.33e-10,-8.33e-10 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Solids,TWh/yr,2.404844616,1.950985076999999,2.449330882,2.51443874294,2.78482597522,2.65913019622 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.157193485,1.00937153,2.160342445,2.459357609,2.738995009,2.611007212 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,2.247651131,0.941613547,0.288988437,0.05508113394,0.04583096622000001,0.04812298422 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Ferrous Metals|Waste,TWh/yr,0.2733372029999998,0.256788576,0.194257272,0.078415023,0.092188138,0.09653314599999999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals,TWh/yr,80.30291032000004,80.40271757527803,73.585631925,69.280003589892,67.131456436462,67.630178436062 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Electricity,TWh/yr,15.16319027,26.157896543,29.908284553,34.074060966,35.7341699,36.253499414 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Gases,TWh/yr,29.103648814,19.133590081,9.062213606,5.384859509003999,0.380673203274,0.339643857274 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,29.103648814,19.133590081,9.062213606,5.384859509003999,0.380673203274,0.339643857274 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Heat,TWh/yr,0.7179552570000001,1.612478742,2.724437734,2.936243784,2.825924714,2.844319254 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.019830063,0.141710391,0.4485935599999999,2.058494743,3.228003764,3.333233766 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Liquids,TWh/yr,2.888462564,6.151138897,3.245703617,0.767862945,0.5722883102999999,0.5993407479 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,2.888462564,6.151138897,3.245703617,0.767862945,0.5722883102999999,0.5993407479 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Other,TWh/yr,0.663743728,1.534840053278,1.084204413,1.3484137,1.620821619,1.675749826 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Solar,TWh/yr,2.99e-06,2.83e-06,2.076999999999999e-06,0.0,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Solids,TWh/yr,20.975023829,14.292667927,16.226033613,10.574365962888,9.582418105888001,9.196578475888 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,5.832324077,7.43732733,12.934538304,7.690113425,6.568595454,6.085923499 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,15.142699752,6.855340597000001,3.291495309,2.884252537888,3.013822651888,3.110654976888 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Waste,TWh/yr,10.053097548,9.765913369,8.161721018,9.199458196,10.361232106,10.543493841 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Other,TWh/yr,34.328125149,23.887600265608,13.49000802322,7.282336096,3.517748993,3.622381515 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper,TWh/yr,49.621549031,54.78431527,51.37907654100003,50.593627683829,47.364431899109,47.310262520389 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Electricity,TWh/yr,17.330285134,22.511005721,26.418260104,29.477435744,28.547413989,29.819643609 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Gases,TWh/yr,16.305991521,12.626272125,4.150649022,0.08595702966199999,0.035658063942,0.025137590222 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,16.305991521,12.626272125,4.150649022,0.08595702966199999,0.035658063942,0.025137590222 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Heat,TWh/yr,6.479290199999999,9.508801876,11.666680246,13.382838675,12.404752292,12.117242177 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0028728,0.047792379,0.06127529299999999,0.07169664999999999,0.063099293,0.05383491899999999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Liquids,TWh/yr,0.259837778,0.191257601,0.046549586,0.000533052,1.031e-05,1.136699999999999e-05 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,0.259837778,0.191257601,0.046549586,0.000533052,1.031e-05,1.136699999999999e-05 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Other,TWh/yr,0.0,-4.000000007327136e-09,-4.800000000432009e-08,0.0,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Solar,TWh/yr,2.14e-06,2.03e-06,1.49e-06,0.0,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Solids,TWh/yr,7.950430661,8.811935578,8.657049251,7.572059467167,6.312713591167,5.293578596166999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,6.102820027,7.219512657999999,7.959962291,7.557691359,6.302837086999999,5.28352931 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,1.847610634,1.59242292,0.6970869599999999,0.014368108167,0.009876504167,0.010049286167 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Pulp and Paper|Waste,TWh/yr,1.292838797,1.087247964,0.378611597,0.003107066,0.00078436,0.000814262 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solar,TWh/yr,0.000918432,0.000970317,0.000725919,-6.3903e-08,-5.9389e-08,-5.6069e-08 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids,TWh/yr,142.693508021,99.85441224299998,87.27257607399999,60.149163788586,42.277474594693,39.79168077770299 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,30.314345941,39.224606456,53.665829128,44.671568785,38.762471048,36.163381856 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,112.37916208,60.629805787,33.606746946,15.477595003586,3.515003546693,3.628298921703 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel,TWh/yr,142.901177735,146.652038891,135.853386845,124.769460969277,117.495143032394,118.278266775674 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Electricity,TWh/yr,17.477471552,47.707172343,47.977638178,47.598895052,46.247260281,47.043285159 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Gases,TWh/yr,16.524467242,18.085299975,8.423369855,1.54084724033,0.21026991789,0.16416671617 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,16.524467242,18.085299975,8.423369855,1.54084724033,0.21026991789,0.16416671617 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Heat,TWh/yr,0.181225776,0.3519424,0.550691876,0.6864945319999999,0.625068943,0.5931713559999999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.062227107,11.999347129,34.194055401,52.353473347,65.245992476,65.27902707999999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Liquids,TWh/yr,0.436381884,0.9641614239999999,0.562501181,0.009189220999999723,0.0002713019999999999,0.000313418 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,0.436381884,0.9641614239999999,0.562501181,0.009189220999999723,0.0002713019999999999,0.000313418 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Other,TWh/yr,22.479137733,17.777286814,11.003070781,5.321808227,1.017688919,1.038406852 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Solar,TWh/yr,1.08e-05,1.02e-05,7.529999999999999e-06,-8.33e-10,-5.56e-10,-5.56e-10 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Solids,TWh/yr,85.65119146299999,48.98749238,32.525408747,17.12199860078,4.04972641606,4.05590449106 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.289998475,2.779699752,5.420010693999999,5.14231892,4.025344406,4.029224452 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,85.361192988,46.207792628,27.105398053,11.97967968078,0.02438201006,0.02668003906 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Waste,TWh/yr,0.089064178,0.779326226,0.616643296,0.13675475,0.09886477799999975,0.103991704 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction,TWh/yr,30.635403926,29.974664436,29.815775982,33.0701870415,33.69570774569,34.45450511519 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Electricity,TWh/yr,15.62983257,16.358804405,17.764256301,19.279256875,20.012837403,20.827750226 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Gases,TWh/yr,9.053947644,6.745465503999999,2.959029106,0.0145296658,0.010677988,0.0086262287 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,9.053947644,6.745465503999999,2.959029106,0.0145296658,0.010677988,0.0086262287 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Heat,TWh/yr,3.740634783,4.960987807,7.393423334,10.785390263,10.672127533,10.607618438 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,2.15e-05,0.0004028969999999999,0.001083922,0.00554932,0.005629973,0.00536918 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Liquids,TWh/yr,0.4249382939999999,0.332132122,0.194995845,0.00015582,-8.256e-06,-7.794e-06 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,0.4249382939999999,0.332132122,0.194995845,0.00015582,-8.256e-06,-7.794e-06 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Other,TWh/yr,0.153969542,0.107490068,0.040220399,0.0,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Solar,TWh/yr,0.000165972,0.0002088980000000001,0.000157619,-1.39e-08,-1.28e-08,-1.22e-08 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Solids,TWh/yr,1.631110709,1.469162543,1.46260117,2.9853049456,2.99444311749,3.00514884869 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.284993041,0.542975495,1.137370533,2.985264475,2.994443153,3.005148882 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,1.346117668,0.926187048,0.325230637,4.04706e-05,-3.551e-08,-3.331e-08 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Vehicle Construction|Waste,TWh/yr,0.000782912,1.019199999999915e-05,8.28599999999971e-06,1.660000000000116e-07,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Waste,TWh/yr,19.341972423,20.393297137,14.344795856,11.160612694,10.795430371,11.007881016 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries,TWh/yr,127.577180561,125.037056308,121.940854701,123.915277156606,122.596636617446,123.286911734296 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Electricity,TWh/yr,58.899766514,61.948549598,67.21859112899999,73.312374568,75.646455702,77.30801589599999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Gases,TWh/yr,36.99261509399999,29.681602621,15.496570397,3.699503807122,0.330052360422,0.2748358947219997 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,36.99261509399999,29.681602621,15.496570397,3.699503807122,0.330052360422,0.2748358947219997 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Heat,TWh/yr,11.265589177,14.542817834,21.24604941,30.483337284,30.113794121,29.891214418 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.012373833,0.088124731,0.182080918,0.683110481,2.188376863,2.336819273 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Liquids,TWh/yr,2.770763598,2.941557467,1.769220124,0.463335365,0.339676222,0.383166986 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,2.770763598,2.941557467,1.769220124,0.463335365,0.339676222,0.383166986 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Other,TWh/yr,0.20477064,0.316941844,0.345396865,0.435297944,0.7256263369999999,0.738304713 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Solar,TWh/yr,0.000343959,0.000362295,0.00027041,-2.416e-08,-2.25e-08,-2.138e-08 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Solids,TWh/yr,17.094384085,15.188225978,15.487527482,14.819016013644,13.252655034524,12.354554574954 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,15.762578795,14.075368274,14.768902618,14.554590526,13.037000708,12.129833918 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,1.33180529,1.112857704,0.718624864,0.264425487644,0.215654326524,0.224720656954 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Waste,TWh/yr,0.336573661,0.32887394,0.195147966,0.019301718,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Electricity,TWh/yr,216.904043458,284.381564803,315.523299075,351.591175639,357.666726758,366.543142089 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases,TWh/yr,225.584973345,195.746618888,117.355459938,37.38789844043,1.14473341362,0.95676683311 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,225.584973345,195.746618888,117.355459938,37.38789844043,1.14473341362,0.95676683311 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Heat,TWh/yr,48.402116505,64.00764428299999,83.30107252,98.13433351100001,91.009799049,89.88642598499999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.10161514,12.322017064,39.96727528899999,211.511806409,354.791052325,365.305178089 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids,TWh/yr,208.953793747,252.806013135,239.123452835,124.095146866,26.8129446573,26.8850043769 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,208.953793747,252.806013135,239.123452835,124.095146866,26.8129446573,26.8850043769 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Other,TWh/yr,35.212232226,25.129289158608,14.64889119722,7.809013251,3.517748993,3.622381515 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solar,TWh/yr,0.000918432,0.000970317,0.000725919,-6.3903e-08,-5.9389e-08,-5.6069e-08 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids,TWh/yr,143.430263918,100.889152987,88.238312053,60.588061417586,42.277474594693,39.79168077770299 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,30.314345941,39.224606456,53.665829128,44.671568785,38.762471048,36.163381856 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,113.115917977,61.664546531,34.572482925,15.916492632586,3.515003546693,3.628298921703 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Waste,TWh/yr,19.341972423,20.393297137,14.344795856,11.160612694,10.795430371,11.007881016 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use,TWh/yr,223.602214897,268.683319005,261.702795538,286.719713915,307.05197095,317.16081 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals,TWh/yr,223.602214897,268.683319005,261.702795538,286.719713915,307.05197095,317.16081 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Gases,TWh/yr,24.198850583,27.422371078,22.608830846,8.787945903999999,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,24.198850583,27.422371078,22.608830846,8.787945903999999,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,4.879916699,154.1677213,281.16197095,291.27081 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Liquids,TWh/yr,197.78250134,238.98451829,232.08942884,122.798471927,25.89,25.89 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,197.78250134,238.98451829,232.08942884,122.798471927,25.89,25.89 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Other,TWh/yr,0.8841070769999999,1.241688893,1.158883174,0.526677155,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Solids,TWh/yr,0.736755897,1.034740744,0.965735979,0.438897629,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,0.736755897,1.034740744,0.965735979,0.438897629,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Gases,TWh/yr,24.198850583,27.422371078,22.608830846,8.787945903999999,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,24.198850583,27.422371078,22.608830846,8.787945903999999,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,4.879916699,154.1677213,281.16197095,291.27081 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Liquids,TWh/yr,197.78250134,238.98451829,232.08942884,122.798471927,25.89,25.89 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,197.78250134,238.98451829,232.08942884,122.798471927,25.89,25.89 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Other,TWh/yr,0.8841070769999999,1.241688893,1.158883174,0.526677155,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Solids,TWh/yr,0.736755897,1.034740744,0.965735979,0.438897629,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,0.736755897,1.034740744,0.965735979,0.438897629,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Industry|Fuel Switch|Industrial Furnace,billion EUR2020/yr,0.4720428184,1.9850994846,2.738320181399999,2.7608920036,3.2738305626,3.6506703916 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Industry|Fuel Switch|Space Heating,billion EUR2020/yr,0.2848495865999998,0.4172556572,0.6613175119999997,0.8499488655999998,0.8253922053999995,0.7617921305999998 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Industry|Fuel Switch|Steam Generation,billion EUR2020/yr,0.4422238913999998,1.273030948,1.7607787798,1.9508125134,2.187905720799999,2.1820495454 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Industry|Innovative Processes,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0129767744,0.6151880337999996,1.5275894512,2.948483963,4.0754005964,3.920861070599999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Efficiency|Industry|Buildiung Shell,billion EUR2020/yr,0.5170953857999996,1.0445190622,1.5726471574,1.9065115594,1.9970049958,2.0881099082 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Efficiency|Industry|Cross-Sectional Technology,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1691812999999998,0.5354576875999992,0.6433165095999996,0.5757583703999998,0.524028826,0.3619775345999998 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Efficiency|Industry|Process Technology,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1005521802,0.4444607757999998,0.684966574,0.6248526055999998,0.436032886,0.2578996581999998 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Efficiency|Industry|Steam Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,0.223235202,0.5258977964,0.6106651213999998,0.5776585485999999,0.5218093274000001,0.4194360944 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Industry,billion EUR2020/yr,2.2512298578,7.380610819,11.978539291,15.0354568168,16.9667207634,16.8679743148 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Industry|Chemicals,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1700131295999998,1.0853264138,2.20521066,2.6499108352,2.5397185444,3.250324758 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Industry|Energiewende,billion EUR2020/yr,2.251229857799999,7.380610818999998,11.978539291,15.0354568168,16.9667207634,16.8679743148 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Industry|Engineering,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1465368353999998,0.2833241983999996,0.424367032,0.5179750531999996,0.5396453136,0.5400206686 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Industry|Food and Tobacco,billion EUR2020/yr,0.3600619316,0.8892890643999997,1.138175028,1.253591427,1.2074069936,1.1573108038 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Industry|Non-Ferrous Metals,billion EUR2020/yr,0.06992262539999941,0.3160512895999998,0.3315415654,0.3756678938,0.5619472187999996,0.5060942436 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Industry|Non-Metallic Minerals,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1993277645999994,1.1606449816,2.498971887,3.9581334052,4.1096710764,4.2315202942 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Industry|Pulp and Paper,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1146785347999996,0.4045026297999998,0.5388351377999998,0.5463340613999996,0.5651904711999994,0.5221978789999995 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Industry|Steel,billion EUR2020/yr,0.4307758243999998,1.5098034004,2.3068168076,2.344260564,3.8781821212,3.647516784399999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Industry|Vehicle Construction,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1562395872,0.3172969415999996,0.4727464728,0.5770049139999996,0.6081399729999998,0.6008937447999992 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Industry|other Industries,billion EUR2020/yr,0.6036736247999996,1.4143718994,2.0618747004,2.812578663,2.9568190512,2.4120951384 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Industry|CCS Capex,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0102565,0.19040005,0.6381844443999999,1.0878157006,1.2597461238,1.3080812662 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Industry|CO2 Storage,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0034533673999998,0.0641077687999998,0.1848394712,0.1233217145999998,-0.0213600015999994,-0.04223231899999981 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Infrastructure|Industry|CO2 Transport,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0153628516,0.2851935546,0.9559140885999996,1.629400972,1.8869295208,1.959329034 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Production|Chemicals,Mt/yr,25.279592,29.904558,29.193866,28.603294,27.907618,28.737197 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Production|Chemicals|Ammonia,Mt/yr,2.225418,2.216117,2.16345,2.119685,2.068131,2.129608 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Production|Chemicals|Ethylene,Mt/yr,4.244950999999999,5.112361,4.990864,4.889901999999999,4.770972,4.912794 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Production|Chemicals|Ethylene|Fossil,Mt/yr,4.244950999999999,5.112361,4.990864,2.364093,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Production|Chemicals|Ethylene|Low-Carbon,Mt/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,2.525809,4.770972,4.912794 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Production|Chemicals|Methanol,Mt/yr,0.933986,1.124836,1.098104,1.075889,1.049723,1.080927 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Production|Non-Ferrous Metals,Mt/yr,1.849533,2.107175,2.060435,2.02267,1.977052,2.039035999999999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Production|Non-Metallic Minerals,Mt/yr,63.29943899999999,70.259458,68.498222,67.017596,65.344887,67.23145099999999 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Production|Non-Metallic Minerals|Cement,Mt/yr,31.277625,35.443202,34.550279,33.791976,32.91588,33.8456 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Production|Pulp and Paper,Mt/yr,36.06909,42.219802,41.214473,40.378434,39.394267,40.563413 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Production|Steel,Mt/yr,38.18185,43.054483,42.010374,41.016004,40.76671899999999,41.117639 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Production|Steel|Primary,Mt/yr,26.918179,29.83218,27.69232,25.701387,24.65,24.65 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Production|Steel|Primary|Direct Reduction Hydrogen,Mt/yr,0.0,6.0,13.775,19.92,24.65,24.65 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Production|Steel|Primary|Direct Reduction Natural Gas,Mt/yr,0.492115,6.6,0.9500000000000001,0.0,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Production|Steel|Primary|Oxygen,Mt/yr,26.426064,17.23218,12.96732,5.781387,0.0,0.0 -FORECAST v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Production|Steel|Secondary,Mt/yr,11.263671,13.222303,14.318054,15.314617,16.116719,16.467639 -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity,GW/yr,74.65467,158.13092,123.44361,37.0902,66.95669, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Biomass,GW/yr,0.07557000000000001,4e-05,8e-05,0.00072,0.0005400000000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS,GW/yr,0.07551000000000001,3e-05,6.000000000000001e-05,0.0005200000000000001,0.00042, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Coal,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Coal|Hard Coal,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Coal|Lignite,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas,GW/yr,0.03319,15.50613,0.5289,1.44826,0.49336, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas|CC,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas|OC,GW/yr,0.00117,7.659,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas|w/ CCS,GW/yr,0.00036,0.00014,0.5289,1.44826,0.49336, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas|w/o CCS,GW/yr,0.03284,15.50599,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Hydro,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Hydrogen,GW/yr,0.00018,0.00086,34.12135,19.57607,0.008950000000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Hydrogen|CC,GW/yr,0.0,0.00024,0.50631,0.40001,0.00323, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Hydrogen|FC,GW/yr,0.00018,6.000000000000001e-05,0.00021,0.00181,0.0009300000000000002, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Hydrogen|OC,GW/yr,0.0,0.00056,33.61483,19.17425,0.0048, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Nuclear,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Oil,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Solar,GW/yr,56.445,105.02524,54.37264,2.03213,46.57143, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Solar|PV,GW/yr,56.445,105.02524,54.37264,2.03213,46.57143, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Solar|PV|Open Field,GW/yr,56.1701,0.00194,0.00568,1.99746,46.57126, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Solar|PV|Rooftop,GW/yr,0.2749,105.0233,54.36696,0.03467,0.00017, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Converter,GW/yr,0.05145,0.004030000000000001,0.02378,1.55234,2.67111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Converter|Hydro Dam Reservoir,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Converter|Pump Hydro,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Converter|Stationary Batteries,GW/yr,0.05145,0.004030000000000001,0.02378,1.55234,2.67111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Converter|Vehicles,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Reservoir,GWh/yr,0.14997,0.00687,0.05880000000000001,13.47235,22.61864, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Hydro Dam Reservoir,GWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Pump Hydro,GWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Stationary Batteries,GWh/yr,0.14997,0.00687,0.05880000000000001,13.47235,22.61864, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Vehicles,GWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Wind,GW/yr,18.09897,37.59735,34.41973,14.03173,19.06452, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Wind|Offshore,GW/yr,3.513,6.00012,22.69999,1.07537,2.13264, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Wind|Onshore,GW/yr,14.58597,31.59723,11.71974,12.95636,16.93188, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Gases,GW/yr,1.76676,0.00029,0.0005700000000000001,0.00419,0.00199, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Gases|Biomass,GW/yr,1.76602,0.00016,0.00016,0.00194,0.0008800000000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Gases|Hydrogen,GW/yr,0.00075,0.00013,0.00041,0.00224,0.00111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat,GW/yr,7.18933,14.05572,4.6065,2.13723,3.82048, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Biomass,GW/yr,0.23147,0.00011,0.00025,0.00233,0.00174, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Biomass|w/ CCS,GW/yr,0.00024,3e-05,8e-05,0.00071,0.0004400000000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Biomass|w/o CCS,GW/yr,0.23123,8e-05,0.00017,0.00162,0.00131, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Gas,GW/yr,3.16221,7.94717,0.9790200000000001,1.63668,0.6448900000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Heat pump,GW/yr,0.00042,4e-05,0.00013,0.0007900000000000001,0.00036, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Oil,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Resistive heater,GW/yr,0.25932,6.10326,3.11709,0.02329,0.23665, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Solar thermal,GW/yr,3.52463,0.00012,0.00026,0.00445,0.00146, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Storage Converter,GW/yr,13.79792,20.87228,15.91049,14.88548,14.12321, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Storage Reservoir,GWh/yr,153.27292,340.44817,185.0678,131.90872,33.16246, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen,GW/yr,0.26272,0.12773,0.00311,0.02084,0.01745, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Electricity,GW/yr,0.00026,5e-05,0.00014,0.00139,0.0006500000000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Gas,GW/yr,0.26257,0.1277,0.00302,0.01993,0.01701, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Gas|w/ CCS,GW/yr,0.00126,0.1272,0.00251,0.0067,0.00263, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Gas|w/o CCS,GW/yr,0.26132,0.0005,0.00051,0.01323,0.01438, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Liquids,GW/yr,0.18566,0.00041,0.00126,2.57087,0.9362300000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Liquids|Biomass,GW/yr,0.0003,5e-05,0.0001,0.00105,0.00063, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Liquids|Hydrogen,GW/yr,0.18537,0.00036,0.00116,2.56982,0.9356000000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Methanol,GW/yr,0.1849,0.00024,0.00086,2.5646,0.9335600000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Decentral Heat|Solar thermal,GW,0.00483,0.00067,0.0011,0.009640000000000001,0.00331, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity,GW,265.11429,408.81527,507.3423,507.20307,533.6499, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Biomass,GW,12.86153,10.81063,5.32436,0.7213600000000001,0.07581, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Biomass|Gases and Liquids,GW,5.68379,5.16322,1.77554,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Biomass|Solids,GW,7.17774,5.64741,3.54883,0.7213600000000001,0.07581, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS,GW,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS,GW,12.86147,10.81062,5.32434,0.72116,0.07569000000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Coal,GW,26.39452,20.52458,17.45564,0.29751,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Coal|Hard Coal,GW,5.70061,5.24333,3.92083,0.29567,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Coal|Lignite,GW,20.69391,15.28125,13.53481,0.00184,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas,GW,29.18173,44.37325,27.5751,24.53408,21.00291, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas|CC,GW,9.597,9.597,8.978,7.92069,6.57107, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas|OC,GW,0.02448,7.68231,0.02331,0.02331,0.02331, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas|w/ CCS,GW,0.00036,0.00014,0.5289,1.97628,2.45679, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas|w/o CCS,GW,29.18138,44.37311,27.0462,22.5578,18.54612, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Hydro,GW,3.06098,3.06098,3.06098,3.06098,3.06098, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Hydrogen,GW,0.00018,0.00086,47.72899,67.2914,67.26096, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Hydrogen|CC,GW,0.0,0.00024,7.39584,7.79406,7.78108, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Hydrogen|FC,GW,0.00018,6.000000000000001e-05,0.00021,0.00181,0.0009300000000000002, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Hydrogen|OC,GW,0.0,0.00056,40.33293,59.49553,59.47894, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Non-Renewable Waste,GW,1.68732,1.68686,1.68648,1.68684,0.8178900000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Nuclear,GW,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Oil,GW,1.62806,1.55812,1.07462,0.7163200000000001,0.6051500000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar,GW,110.0,215.0,269.37047,269.4549,300.00736, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar|PV,GW,110.0,215.0,269.37047,269.4549,300.00736, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar|PV|Open Field,GW,109.7251,109.70668,109.71041,109.76019,140.31265, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar|PV|Rooftop,GW,0.2749,105.29332,159.66006,159.69471,159.69471, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Converter,GW,7.86717,7.85724,7.8395,9.36806,11.92987, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Converter|Hydro Dam Reservoir,GW,0.2895,0.2895,0.2895,0.2895,0.2895, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Converter|Pump Hydro,GW,7.52622,7.52622,7.52622,7.52622,7.52622, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Converter|Stationary Batteries,GW,0.05145,0.04152,0.02378,1.55234,4.11415, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Converter|Vehicles,GW,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Reservoir,GWh,340.02128,697.8829,876.86974,1188.50815,1389.97112, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Hydro Dam Reservoir,GWh,300.0,300.0,300.0,300.0,300.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Pump Hydro,GWh,39.87131,39.87131,39.87131,39.87131,39.87131, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Stationary Batteries,GWh,0.14997,0.14176,0.19369,13.60724,36.13529, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Vehicles,GWh,0.0,357.86983,536.80474,835.0296,1013.96451, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Wind,GW,80.29997,111.8,134.06567,139.43968,140.81885, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Wind|Offshore,GW,11.3,17.3,39.99988,40.9949,39.92092, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Wind|Onshore,GW,68.99997,94.5,94.06579,98.44478,100.89793, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Gases,GW,2.09779,2.07943,2.07971,1.7523,0.00199, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Gases|Biomass,GW,2.09704,2.0793,2.0793,1.75006,0.0008800000000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Gases|Hydrogen,GW,0.00075,0.00013,0.00041,0.00224,0.00111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat,GW,77.17374,84.1417,73.59381,61.39571,48.79861, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Biomass,GW,28.04681,22.22907,9.84282,1.40772,0.23225, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Biomass|w/ CCS,GW,0.00024,3e-05,8e-05,0.00071,0.0004400000000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Biomass|w/o CCS,GW,28.04657,22.22904,9.84274,1.40702,0.23181, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Gas,GW,38.94263,45.65229,36.02337,31.79082,27.37748, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Heat pump,GW,0.00042,4e-05,0.00013,0.0007900000000000001,0.00036, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Oil,GW,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Resistive heater,GW,0.25932,6.33898,9.4549,9.47603,9.45368, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Solar thermal,GW,3.52463,3.52311,3.52325,3.52744,0.00146, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Storage Converter,GW,13.79792,20.87228,15.91049,14.88548,14.12321, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Storage Reservoir,GWh,259.43104,599.80227,784.84585,810.57719,821.3057, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen,GW,2.88145,2.95811,2.95249,2.97023,2.96683, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Electricity,GW,0.00026,5e-05,0.00014,0.00139,0.0006500000000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Gas,GW,2.8813,2.95808,2.9524,2.96932,2.9664, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Gas|w/ CCS,GW,0.7887400000000001,0.91468,0.9089900000000001,0.9131800000000001,0.9091100000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Gas|w/o CCS,GW,2.09256,2.0434,2.04341,2.05613,2.05728, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Reservoir,GWh,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Liquids,GW,1.0211,1.01673,1.01758,2.75176,3.46759, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Liquids|Biomass,GW,0.0003,5e-05,0.0001,0.00105,0.00063, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Liquids|Hydrogen,GW,1.0208,1.01668,1.01748,2.75071,3.46696, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Methanol,GW,1.02034,1.01656,1.01718,2.74549,3.46493, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Carbon Intensity|Electricity,g CO2/kWh,250.8911015981604,75.34297621201284,67.50522806457971,37.26480164667908,30.02842930870667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Carbon Intensity|EndUse,g CO2/kWh,209.2911623692853,189.6601940406505,153.3363883081072,85.43343773958844,46.39136210969835, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Carbon Sequestration,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,2.71316,4.56743,6.41398,7.18449, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Carbon Sequestration|BECCS,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0009000000000000001,0.03116,0.01024,0.02814, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Carbon Sequestration|DACCS,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.00014,0.00033,0.00218,0.00111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Carbon Sequestration|Other,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,2.71213,4.53594,6.40157,7.15523, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Cost|Total Energy System Cost,billion EUR2020/yr,58.3084,76.8719,93.8553,98.975,96.126, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2,Mt CO2/yr,593.03782,406.28925,267.23423,172.21591,129.85045, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy,Mt CO2/yr,510.33203,331.31564,216.44493,120.63218,82.45722, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy and Industrial Processes,Mt CO2/yr,553.90521,366.661,228.6439,133.68993,95.23876, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy incl Bunkers,Mt CO2/yr,544.30371,366.96432,253.09132,157.13951,115.21537, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy incl Bunkers|Demand,Mt CO2/yr,339.43196,254.7529,157.06387,89.87393,59.31459, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand,Mt CO2/yr,305.46028,219.10422,120.41747,53.3666,26.55643, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers,Mt CO2/yr,33.97168,35.64869,36.6464,36.50733,32.75815, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers|Aviation,Mt CO2/yr,30.59361,32.87579,34.60191,35.2807,32.14483, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers|Navigation,Mt CO2/yr,3.37807,2.77289,2.04449,1.22663,0.6133200000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry,Mt CO2/yr,86.69199,69.09273,40.23818,27.60356,16.534, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Other Sector,Mt CO2/yr,3.24,3.22946,3.33357,3.33339,3.33341, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Residential and Commercial,Mt CO2/yr,89.8039,61.68061,30.34542,3.22878,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation,Mt CO2/yr,125.7244,85.10141,46.5003,19.20087,6.68902, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|Domestic Aviation,Mt CO2/yr,2.84691,3.05928,3.21991,3.28308,2.99126, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|Domestic Navigation,Mt CO2/yr,0.6686300000000001,0.5488500000000001,0.40467,0.24279,0.1214, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2/yr,204.87175,112.21142,96.02746,67.26558,55.90079, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Electricity,Mt CO2/yr,141.55919,52.40256,55.68822,31.61706,26.12896, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Electricity and Heat,Mt CO2/yr,170.41473,83.83055,81.90228,54.58414,44.67388, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Heat,Mt CO2/yr,28.85554,31.42798,26.21406,22.96708,18.54492, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Hydrogen,Mt CO2/yr,4.5878,4.45118,0.5726800000000001,3.38435,4.68951, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Industrial Processes,Mt CO2/yr,43.57318,35.34536,12.19898,13.05775,12.78154, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Industry,Mt CO2/yr,130.26517,104.43809,52.43715,40.66131,29.31554, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Industry + Processes,Mt CO2/yr,130.26517,104.43809,52.43716,40.66131,29.31554, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Supply|Non-Renewable Waste,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy,Mt CO2/yr,291.56374,181.30505,136.29679,94.87938,72.46293, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry,Mt CO2/yr,86.69199,69.09345,40.26901,27.61201,16.5608, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2/yr,204.87175,112.2116,96.02778,67.26737,55.90213, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Electricity,Mt CO2/yr,141.55919,52.40258,55.68825,31.61724,26.12911, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Gases,Mt CO2/yr,6.21528,6.19306,3.79023,3.19773,2.56568, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Heat,Mt CO2/yr,28.85554,31.42804,26.21419,22.96772,18.54547, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Hydrogen,Mt CO2/yr,4.5878,4.45118,0.5726800000000001,3.38435,4.68951, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Liquids,Mt CO2/yr,13.02441,10.08044,7.17548,4.81361,3.62546, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Solids,Mt CO2/yr,10.62952,7.6563,2.58695,1.28671,0.3469, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy,TWh/yr,2135.322794444444,1943.395516666667,1713.491772222222,1584.36995,1534.069830555555, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy incl Non-Energy Use incl Bunkers,TWh/yr,2515.232997222222,2306.286252777778,2051.270075,1897.316933333334,1807.508683333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Agriculture,TWh/yr,42.52508333333333,42.52508333333333,42.52508333333333,42.52508333333333,42.52508333333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Agriculture|Electricity,TWh/yr,3.721966666666666,3.721966666666666,3.721966666666666,3.721966666666666,3.721966666666666, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Agriculture|Heat,TWh/yr,25.83699722222222,25.83699722222222,25.83699722222222,25.83699722222222,25.83699722222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Agriculture|Liquids,TWh/yr,12.96611944444444,12.96611944444444,12.96611944444444,12.96611944444444,12.96611944444444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers,TWh/yr,138.0255388888889,147.2766027777778,149.4533416666667,151.6859361111111,139.1762083333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation,TWh/yr,122.4323833333333,131.9946194444445,134.5862527777778,137.2337416666667,125.0351888888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids,TWh/yr,122.4323833333333,131.9946194444445,134.5862527777778,137.2337416666667,125.0351888888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,3.437211111111111,4.122930555555556,0.0002138888888888889,0.002338888888888889,0.003441666666666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0001944444444444444,7.777777777777777e-05,0.0006305555555555555,0.005813888888888889,0.003219444444444444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,118.9949777777778,127.8716111111111,134.5854083333333,137.2255888888889,125.0285277777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Liquids,TWh/yr,138.0255388888889,147.2766027777778,149.4533416666667,151.6859361111111,139.1762083333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation,TWh/yr,15.59315555555555,15.28198333333333,14.86708888888889,14.45219444444444,14.14102222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids,TWh/yr,15.59315555555555,15.28198333333333,14.86708888888889,14.45219444444444,14.14102222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.3795277777777778,0.3477472222222222,1.388888888888889e-05,8.055555555555556e-05,6.666666666666667e-05, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,2.0745,4.148961111111111,6.914961111111111,9.681097222222222,11.75543333333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,13.13912777777778,10.785275,7.952113888888888,4.771013888888889,2.385522222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Methanol,TWh/yr,2.074477777777778,4.148955555555555,6.914925,9.680894444444444,11.75537222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Carbon Dioxide Removal,TWh/yr,0.001144444444444444,0.0002916666666666666,0.0006861111111111111,0.005336111111111112,0.002888888888888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Carbon Dioxide Removal|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.0003222222222222222,8.055555555555556e-05,0.0001944444444444444,0.001505555555555556,0.0008138888888888888, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Carbon Dioxide Removal|Heat,TWh/yr,0.0008222222222222222,0.0002083333333333333,0.0004916666666666667,0.003830555555555555,0.002075, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Electricity,TWh/yr,534.1156472222223,659.1475305555556,816.1837805555556,877.5065999999999,923.2972583333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases,TWh/yr,498.9350638888889,367.7540694444444,212.4376611111111,99.49997499999999,51.57567222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,11.73027222222222,3.410286111111111,0.001158333333333333,0.003475,0.0008416666666666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.002277777777777778,0.0001361111111111111,0.001419444444444445,0.003533333333333333,0.0011, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,487.2025166666666,364.3436472222222,212.4350861111111,99.49296944444444,51.57373055555555, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Heat,TWh/yr,157.1887472222222,146.0294416666667,133.73255,121.2236805555556,110.1832611111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,2.888280555555555,23.43412222222222,64.21846666666666,75.63990277777778,86.941975, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry,TWh/yr,892.9176861111112,869.3236888888888,824.4353138888889,790.2073944444444,760.7944222222221, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use,TWh/yr,651.0330222222221,653.7095583333333,636.1103555555555,628.9463444444444,626.5317777777777, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Electricity,TWh/yr,240.41,287.55,334.37,368.36,402.0599999999999, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases,TWh/yr,216.3845472222222,176.8416194444444,116.834075,83.19183333333332,51.57567222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,5.087333333333333,1.6399,0.0006388888888888888,0.002905555555555556,0.0008416666666666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0009888888888888888,6.38888888888889e-05,0.0007805555555555555,0.002952777777777778,0.0011, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,211.296225,175.2016527777778,116.8326583333333,83.185975,51.57373055555555, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Heat,TWh/yr,47.53,39.9,31.31,23.43,16.09, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,2.888280555555555,23.4336,64.19233333333334,75.46066666666665,86.897575, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids,TWh/yr,27.60250833333333,21.79065,15.56863055555555,9.406452777777778,3.124111111111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.7749222222222222,0.6806444444444445,2.5e-05,0.0001611111111111111,8.61111111111111e-05, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,4.444444444444445e-05,1.388888888888889e-05,7.222222222222222e-05,0.0003972222222222222,8.055555555555556e-05, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,26.82754166666667,21.10999166666667,15.56853333333333,9.405891666666667,3.123944444444444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids,TWh/yr,116.2176861111111,104.1936888888889,73.83531388888888,69.09739444444445,66.78442222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,48.02999999999999,54.43,57.5,61.04,64.72, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,68.1876861111111,49.76368888888889,16.33531388888889,8.057394444444444,2.064422222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Electricity,TWh/yr,240.41,287.55,334.37,368.36,402.0599999999999, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases,TWh/yr,289.6,238.39,166.1,121.06,78.87, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,6.808675,2.210655555555555,0.0009055555555555555,0.004227777777777777,0.001286111111111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.001322222222222222,8.888888888888889e-05,0.001108333333333333,0.0043,0.001683333333333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,282.7900027777778,236.1792555555556,166.0979861111111,121.051475,78.86703055555556, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Heat,TWh/yr,47.53,39.9,31.31,23.43,16.09, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,13.72,34.6,75.94,87.77999999999999,99.68, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids,TWh/yr,185.44,164.69,142.88,120.48,97.30999999999999, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,5.206108333333334,5.144191666666666,0.0002277777777777778,0.002055555555555556,0.002677777777777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0002944444444444445,9.444444444444444e-05,0.0006694444444444444,0.005102777777777778,0.002505555555555556, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,180.2335972222222,159.5457138888889,142.8791027777778,120.4728416666667,97.30481666666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids,TWh/yr,116.2176861111111,104.1936888888889,73.83531388888888,69.09739444444445,66.78442222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,48.02999999999999,54.43,57.5,61.04,64.72, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,68.1876861111111,49.76368888888889,16.33531388888889,8.057394444444444,2.064422222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids,TWh/yr,684.8794027777777,474.5400083333333,255.1730138888889,98.97565833333333,44.43558055555555, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,19.22754722222222,14.82254444444444,0.0004055555555555555,0.001688888888888889,0.001222222222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.001091666666666667,0.000275,0.001197222222222222,0.004194444444444444,0.001144444444444444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,665.6507638888888,459.7171888888889,255.1714111111111,98.96977777777778,44.43321388888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use,TWh/yr,241.8846638888889,215.6141305555556,188.3249583333333,161.2610472222222,134.2626416666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Gases,TWh/yr,73.21545277777777,61.54838055555555,49.265925,37.86816666666667,27.29432777777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,1.721341666666667,0.5707555555555556,0.0002694444444444444,0.001322222222222222,0.0004444444444444445, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0003333333333333333,2.222222222222222e-05,0.0003277777777777778,0.001344444444444445,0.0005833333333333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,71.49377777777777,60.97760277777778,49.26532777777777,37.8655,27.29330277777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,10.83171944444445,11.1664,11.74766666666667,12.31933333333333,12.782425, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Liquids,TWh/yr,157.8374916666667,142.89935,127.3113694444444,111.0735472222222,94.1858888888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,4.431186111111111,4.463547222222222,0.0002027777777777778,0.001894444444444445,0.002591666666666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0002527777777777778,8.333333333333333e-05,0.0005972222222222222,0.004705555555555556,0.002425, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,153.4060555555556,138.4357194444444,127.3105694444445,111.06695,94.18087222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Solids,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial,TWh/yr,903.3845166666666,819.1113472222222,707.4688749999999,644.1950055555554,623.3167944444443, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Electricity,TWh/yr,255.1506555555555,282.3258027777778,332.9654472222222,313.5072694444444,304.2109416666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Electricity|Heat Pumps,TWh/yr,19.564875,35.25255,62.53426388888889,61.35864722222222,53.45709722222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases,TWh/yr,282.5505166666667,190.9124527777778,95.60358611111111,16.30814166666667,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,6.642936111111111,1.770383333333333,0.0005222222222222222,0.0005694444444444445,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.001288888888888889,6.944444444444444e-05,0.0006388888888888888,0.0005777777777777778,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,275.9062916666667,189.1419972222222,95.60242777777778,16.30699444444445,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Heat,TWh/yr,83.82092777777777,80.29223611111111,76.5850611111111,71.95285555555556,68.25419166666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids,TWh/yr,140.7644472222222,97.28420277777778,44.40379722222222,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,3.951869444444444,3.038730555555555,6.944444444444444e-05,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.000225,5.555555555555556e-05,0.0002083333333333333,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,136.8123527777778,94.24541388888888,44.40351666666666,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Solids,TWh/yr,141.0979694444445,168.2966527777778,157.9109833333333,242.4267388888889,250.8516611111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,141.0979694444445,168.2966527777778,157.9109833333333,242.4267388888889,250.8516611111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space and Water Heating,TWh/yr,676.2895444444443,592.0163749999999,480.3738999999999,417.1000305555555,396.2218222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Solids,TWh/yr,257.3156555555556,272.4903444444444,231.7462972222222,311.5241305555555,317.6360833333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,189.1279694444444,222.7266527777778,215.4109833333333,303.4667388888889,315.5716611111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,68.1876861111111,49.76368888888889,16.33531388888889,8.057394444444444,2.064422222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation,TWh/yr,538.3790277777778,428.0492361111111,327.3867722222222,268.6981833333333,241.6932861111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation,TWh/yr,11.39305,12.28287222222222,12.52403888888889,12.77040277777778,11.63525555555556, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Liquids,TWh/yr,11.39305,12.28287222222222,12.52403888888889,12.77040277777778,11.63525555555556, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation,TWh/yr,2.675783333333333,2.203586111111111,1.573988888888889,0.9443944444444444,0.4721972222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Liquids,TWh/yr,2.675783333333333,2.203586111111111,1.573988888888889,0.9443944444444444,0.4721972222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Electricity,TWh/yr,34.8327,85.54967777777777,145.1261722222222,191.9158583333333,213.3035361111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0005222222222222222,0.02613333333333333,0.1792361111111111,0.0444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids,TWh/yr,503.5463277777777,342.4990361111111,182.2344666666667,76.60308611111111,28.34535, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,14.13673611111111,10.69816388888889,0.0002916666666666666,0.001305555555555556,0.0007805555555555555, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.4114083333333334,0.8214111111111111,1.369541666666667,1.919408333333333,2.327497222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,489.4087861111111,331.8006722222222,182.2333222222222,76.5985361111111,28.34383888888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Methanol,TWh/yr,0.4106055555555556,0.8212111111111111,1.368686111111111,1.916161111111111,2.326766666666666, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Waste,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity,billion EUR2020/yr,29.93801,42.61297,26.41474,10.58913,5.78399, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Biomass,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0275,0.0,0.0005,0.001,0.0005, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0275,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Coal,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,3.43366,8.18717,5.73026,0.27785,0.0162, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Electricity Storage,billion EUR2020/yr,0.004,0.001,0.1355,0.337,0.2025, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Gas,billion EUR2020/yr,0.8200000000000001,0.918,0.3585,0.3405,0.082, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Gas|w/ CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.1,0.3585,0.3405,0.082, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Gas|w/o CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,0.8200000000000001,0.8180000000000001,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Hydro,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Hydrogen,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,1.557,2.4395,0.883,0.0005, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Nuclear,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Oil,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Solar,billion EUR2020/yr,10.7915,10.87,3.5835,2.2145,2.1185, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Transmission,billion EUR2020/yr,7.14601,10.80795,7.52414,2.0181,0.40479, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Transmission and Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,10.57966,18.99512,13.25439,2.29595,0.42099, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Transmission|AC,billion EUR2020/yr,2.0695,2.98037,3.36408,1.8739,0.26092, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Transmission|DC,billion EUR2020/yr,5.0765,7.82758,4.16006,0.14421,0.14387, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Wind,billion EUR2020/yr,8.055,10.61,7.1155,4.388,2.527, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Wind Offshore,billion EUR2020/yr,1.631,4.692,3.8505,0.497,0.329, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Wind Onshore,billion EUR2020/yr,6.424,5.918,3.265,3.891,2.198, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Energiewende,billion EUR2020/yr,31.37658,44.15889,27.36666,10.70356,5.421180000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat,billion EUR2020/yr,0.112,0.06150000000000001,0.0225,0.0025,0.002, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat|Heatpump,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0005,0.0005,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat|Renewable,billion EUR2020/yr,0.093,0.059,0.0205,0.002,0.0015, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat|Solarthermal,billion EUR2020/yr,0.052,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen,billion EUR2020/yr,1.02092,1.16027,0.30327,0.03411,0.01619, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen|Electrolysis,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen|Fossil,billion EUR2020/yr,0.029,0.0115,0.002,0.0025,0.001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen|Storage,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen|Transmission,billion EUR2020/yr,0.9919200000000001,1.14877,0.30127,0.03111,0.01469, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen|Transmission and Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,0.9919200000000001,1.14877,0.30127,0.03111,0.01469, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Liquids,billion EUR2020/yr,0.014,0.0,0.1575,0.2105,0.053, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Liquids|Biomass,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0005,0.0005,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Liquids|Hydrogen,billion EUR2020/yr,0.014,0.0,0.157,0.21,0.053, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Price|Carbon,EUR2020/t CO2,76.14813,91.38199,60.06354,13.04688,16.36168, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Price|Carbon|National Climate Target,EUR2020/t CO2,76.14801,91.38198,60.06347,13.04671,16.36168, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Price|Primary Energy|Biomass,EUR2020/GJ,14.32845,18.0975,19.72006,14.66334,11.37888, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Price|Primary Energy|Coal,EUR2020/GJ,9.92653,10.53856,7.55178,2.78871,2.94754, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Price|Primary Energy|Gas,EUR2020/GJ,15.9425,11.69411,9.92826,7.29259,7.54009, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Price|Primary Energy|Oil,EUR2020/GJ,14.60429,17.31267,15.00402,11.58904,11.75427, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Price|Secondary Energy|Electricity,EUR2020/GJ,27.96837,23.48834,19.46542,19.26704,18.58235, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Price|Secondary Energy|Hydrogen,EUR2020/GJ,22.35524,13.74655,28.86925,14.24819,12.868, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy,TWh/yr,2944.238338888889,2538.578563888889,2109.094847222222,1860.705194444444,1711.398769444444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass,TWh/yr,325.5655111111111,268.8495944444444,217.1084805555555,305.7861,317.3042583333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Electricity,TWh/yr,61.61182222222222,15.91719444444444,0.8401416666666666,0.8590166666666667,0.4213472222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Gases,TWh/yr,18.13858888888889,14.65341388888889,0.001288888888888889,0.01148055555555556,0.003538888888888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Heat,TWh/yr,29.20721388888889,1.814205555555555,0.8451305555555555,1.437919444444445,1.290708333333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Liquids,TWh/yr,27.47923888888889,13.73788888888889,0.001230555555555556,0.007880555555555556,0.006536111111111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.03501388888888889,0.003508333333333333,0.09855277777777777,0.04115277777777778,0.1121666666666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,298.0559527777778,255.1088138888889,217.0099277777778,305.7449472222222,317.1920888888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal,TWh/yr,425.9495222222222,120.9322555555555,114.9674222222222,19.70069722222222,3.852119444444444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Electricity,TWh/yr,286.6043166666667,20.6891,74.79772222222222,2.188547222222222,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Hard Coal,TWh/yr,49.27883333333333,24.97175833333333,33.09833611111111,5.000027777777778,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Heat,TWh/yr,16.37914722222222,11.02331666666667,10.50272222222222,2.823791666666666,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Lignite,TWh/yr,253.7046305555556,6.740658333333332,52.20210833333334,0.01231111111111111,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Fossil,TWh/yr,2212.585152777778,1678.303011111111,1145.491494444444,793.7322305555555,606.6826833333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas,TWh/yr,784.7577777777778,781.9524527777778,478.5640527777778,403.7540388888888,323.9494083333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Electricity,TWh/yr,125.8448,220.6338361111111,130.4619638888889,158.2955666666667,137.9024055555556, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Gases,TWh/yr,581.9763416666666,443.0433555555555,272.6063194444444,143.0867361111111,82.15544722222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Heat,TWh/yr,52.80046111111111,85.00507222222222,69.29235555555556,81.4306888888889,75.34664444444445, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,24.136175,33.27018888888889,6.203413888888889,20.94104444444444,28.54491388888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Hydro,TWh/yr,19.58638611111111,21.31326111111111,22.67078055555556,22.15559166666667,21.88603055555555, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Nuclear,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Oil,TWh/yr,1001.877852777778,775.4183027777777,551.9600194444445,370.2774916666667,278.8811555555556, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Oil|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.2502888888888889,0.1311388888888889,0.3697888888888889,1.414575,1.090488888888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Oil|Heat,TWh/yr,0.199525,0.07512222222222223,0.05141111111111111,0.09948333333333334,0.04526111111111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Oil|Liquids,TWh/yr,1001.428036111111,775.2120416666667,551.5388222222222,368.7634333333334,277.7454055555556, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Solar,TWh/yr,121.4411555555556,220.4878361111111,269.1106388888889,273.1335111111111,299.8157, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Waste,TWh/yr,66.14160833333334,58.40471111111111,50.29826388888888,41.99194444444444,33.41332222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Waste|Electricity,TWh/yr,13.843625,12.22438611111111,10.52768055555556,8.789277777777778,7.333963888888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Waste|Heat,TWh/yr,52.29798333333333,46.18032777777778,39.77058333333333,33.20266666666667,26.07935555555555, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Wind,TWh/yr,198.918525,291.22015,404.4151888888889,423.9058166666667,432.296775, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Production|Non-Metallic Minerals|Cement,Mt/yr,31.27762,35.4432,36.18687,37.17117,38.1437, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Production|Steel,Mt/yr,37.62685,42.49948,43.44811,44.70015,46.55193, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Production|Steel|Primary,Mt/yr,26.36137,29.27789,28.44983,27.85267,27.8753, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Production|Steel|Secondary,Mt/yr,11.26548,13.22159,14.99829,16.84749,18.67664, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy,TWh/yr,2547.638555555555,2420.381119444445,1959.209022222222,1747.935130555555,1595.065597222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Electricity|Heat,TWh/yr,0.103125,5.077005555555555,8.400355555555555,4.707802777777778,4.724633333333332, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Electricity|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.001286111111111111,0.0002333333333333333,0.0006222222222222221,0.003961111111111111,0.002086111111111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Electricity|Liquids,TWh/yr,2.074213888888889,0.9734777777777777,1.479955555555555,5.361463888888888,6.763933333333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Hydrogen|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.001230555555555556,0.001636111111111111,17.17610833333333,45.68156388888889,48.83699166666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Hydrogen|Gases,TWh/yr,0.0045,0.0007277777777777777,0.002430555555555556,0.01312222222222222,0.006377777777777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Hydrogen|Heat,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0003416666666666667,4.318622222222222,2.544827777777777,2.975211111111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Hydrogen|Liquids,TWh/yr,8.714408333333333,4.089308333333333,6.217511111111111,22.536775,28.41620277777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity,TWh/yr,564.2256305555555,695.520175,824.9467722222222,848.4429972222222,870.1407499999999, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Biomass,TWh/yr,29.680825,5.090419444444445,0.5884166666666667,0.8107972222222222,0.4611, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Biomass|Gaseous and Liquid,TWh/yr,10.79621944444444,3.896533333333334,0.06290277777777778,,, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Biomass|Solid,TWh/yr,18.88460277777778,1.193886111111111,0.5255138888888888,0.8107972222222222,0.4611, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0004027777777777777,5.277777777777778e-05,0.0001194444444444444,0.0006888888888888888,0.0006249999999999999, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,29.68041944444444,5.09036388888889,0.5882972222222221,0.8101083333333332,0.460475, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Coal,TWh/yr,102.9343722222222,13.26243888888889,30.64064166666666,2.311913888888889,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Coal|Hard Coal,TWh/yr,19.45923333333333,10.96356111111111,13.35686111111111,2.311430555555555,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Coal|Lignite,TWh/yr,83.47513888888888,2.298877777777778,17.28378055555556,0.0004833333333333333,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Curtailment,TWh/yr,68.04185833333334,74.15156111111112,77.36913333333334,71.98654166666667,74.94654999999999, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Fossil,TWh/yr,185.1489972222222,151.3344972222222,116.5568305555555,106.4969416666667,92.03633888888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas,TWh/yr,82.05631944444445,138.0072222222222,85.77939166666667,103.6894583333333,91.66443055555554, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Hydro,TWh/yr,17.02320277777778,16.93553055555556,16.94379444444445,16.98784444444444,16.99560833333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0006166666666666667,0.0008666666666666666,8.517502777777777,19.94291944444445,21.37237777777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Non-Biomass Renewables,TWh/yr,336.0277527777778,527.2904777777777,689.1184388888888,712.7053305555555,749.1071194444444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Nuclear,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Oil,TWh/yr,0.1583055555555556,0.06483333333333333,0.1368,0.4955722222222222,0.3719083333333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Solar,TWh/yr,120.0860277777778,219.1347972222222,267.7594555555555,271.8116694444444,299.8147333333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Storage Losses,TWh/yr,0.8592805555555555,1.465086111111111,1.922669444444445,1.881961111111111,2.014805555555556, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Waste,TWh/yr,13.36743888888889,11.80391666666667,10.16558333333333,8.48701111111111,7.163816666666666, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Wind,TWh/yr,198.918525,291.22015,404.4151888888889,423.9058166666667,432.296775, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Wind|Offshore,TWh/yr,47.46305277777778,76.03721666666665,187.0372444444444,191.9133138888889,188.7702194444445, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Wind|Onshore,TWh/yr,151.4554694444444,215.1829333333333,217.3779444444444,231.9925027777778,243.5265555555555, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases,TWh/yr,771.5096555555556,765.32835,459.4247222222222,387.62585,311.0000722222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,18.13858888888889,14.65341388888889,0.001288888888888889,0.01148055555555556,0.003538888888888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0036,0.0005833333333333333,0.001944444444444444,0.0105,0.005102777777777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,753.3674666666666,750.6743527777778,459.4214888888889,387.6038694444444,310.9914277777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat,TWh/yr,144.5430638888889,136.7355972222222,125.6558166666667,117.8625,101.6651722222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Biomass,TWh/yr,26.09843055555556,1.636025,0.7559805555555555,1.434961111111111,1.412477777777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Coal,TWh/yr,15.57049166666667,10.4426,10.01315555555555,2.98085,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.1068027777777778,5.026477777777778,8.317858333333334,4.666336111111111,4.680644444444444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Electricity|Heat Pumps,TWh/yr,0.007086111111111112,0.0003583333333333333,0.002191666666666667,0.008008333333333334,0.004569444444444445, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Electricity|Resistive,TWh/yr,0.0997138888888889,5.026119444444444,8.315666666666667,4.658327777777778,4.676075, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Gas,TWh/yr,50.56560833333333,73.52530277777777,63.23966944444444,72.75936666666666,67.05229722222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0002805555555555555,3.390269444444444,2.045533333333333,2.373202777777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Oil,TWh/yr,0.1571638888888889,0.07019166666666667,0.04831666666666667,0.0972861111111111,0.04623055555555555, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Other,TWh/yr,0.1919388888888889,0.08996388888888888,0.1370111111111111,0.4977166666666666,0.6257083333333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Solar,TWh/yr,1.353566666666667,1.352847222222222,1.350886111111111,1.319655555555555,0.0002944444444444445, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Waste,TWh/yr,50.49905833333333,44.59191111111111,38.40266944444444,32.06079444444444,25.47431666666666, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,17.75045555555555,23.69254444444444,4.272083333333334,14.98781666666667,20.44408888888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.0007555555555555555,0.0001444444444444445,0.0003972222222222222,0.002588888888888889,0.001411111111111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Gas,TWh/yr,17.4397,23.6924,4.27168611111111,14.98522777777778,20.44268055555555, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Other,TWh/yr,0.31,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids,TWh/yr,986.3520611111111,753.5407583333333,529.514311111111,371.358575,289.7510916666666, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,27.47626388888889,13.73750833333333,0.0004916666666666667,0.003283333333333333,0.002833333333333334, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Fossil,TWh/yr,951.2189166666667,736.2100666666666,524.0507222222222,351.5547861111111,264.7798138888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,7.656880555555555,3.593186111111111,5.463097222222222,19.80050277777778,24.96844722222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Oil,TWh/yr,951.2189166666667,736.2100666666666,524.0507222222222,351.5547861111111,264.7798138888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Methanol,TWh/yr,7.655297222222222,3.592819444444444,5.462072222222222,19.78755,24.96365, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Solids,TWh/yr,63.25768611111111,45.56368888888889,15.39531388888889,7.657394444444444,2.064422222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,189.1286472222222,222.7268888888889,215.4206888888889,303.4698027777778,315.582125, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,63.25768611111111,45.56368888888889,15.39531388888889,7.657394444444444,2.064422222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Trade|Primary Energy|Biomass|Volume,TWh/yr,-82.96324444444444,-68.69143333333334,-59.73889722222222,-155.5554111111111,-164.8258472222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gross Import|Volume,TWh/yr,105.3877722222222,108.8905805555555,134.0274777777778,163.8871916666667,186.2274805555556, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Electricity|Volume,TWh/yr,3.604830555555556,3.236658333333333,-36.53245,-76.02921666666666,-102.8711722222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Gases|Biomass|Gross Import|Volume,TWh/yr,0.4944611111111111,0.0268,0.001258333333333333,0.003711111111111111,0.001908333333333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Gases|Biomass|Volume,TWh/yr,-7.777777777777777e-05,7.627044444444445,-0.001219444444444445,-0.002052777777777778,-0.001530555555555556, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Gases|Hydrogen|Gross Import|Volume,TWh/yr,1.944444444444445e-05,0.0,0.001186111111111111,0.004780555555555555,0.002077777777777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Gases|Hydrogen|Volume,TWh/yr,7.777777777777777e-05,0.0003055555555555555,-0.001125,-0.003266666666666666,-0.001533333333333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Gross Import|Volume,TWh/yr,6.610066666666667,22.66347777777778,102.5198166666667,145.1286694444445,162.0127472222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Volume,TWh/yr,-4.999683333333333,-15.0,-99.40871944444444,-143.7477027777778,-159.5150944444444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Liquids|Biomass|Volume,TWh/yr,0.0001888888888888889,-17.62721666666667,-1.822713888888889,0.2742416666666667,1.491052777777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Liquids|Hydrogen|Gross Import|Volume,TWh/yr,0.2543,7.640811111111111,16.65623888888889,0.2725055555555556,0.1114416666666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Liquids|Hydrogen|Volume,TWh/yr,0.0002472222222222222,-7.627480555555555,-16.60214444444444,2.902088888888889,6.685488888888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity,GW/yr,74.94647,206.0819,227.78248,165.28368,45.20777, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Biomass,GW/yr,0.07835,6.000000000000001e-05,0.06455000000000001,0.00106,0.03533, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS,GW/yr,0.07827,4e-05,0.06454,0.00105,0.03533, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Coal,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Coal|Hard Coal,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Coal|Lignite,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas,GW/yr,0.32213,11.40866,5e-05,5e-05,2e-05, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas|CC,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas|OC,GW/yr,0.00139,2.6136,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas|w/ CCS,GW/yr,0.0004400000000000001,0.00011,5e-05,5e-05,2e-05, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas|w/o CCS,GW/yr,0.32169,11.40855,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Hydro,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Hydrogen,GW/yr,0.00026,0.00091,27.56635,28.4619,3.48237, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Hydrogen|CC,GW/yr,0.0,0.0002700000000000001,8.36791,8.93212,1.60318, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Hydrogen|FC,GW/yr,0.00026,5e-05,6.000000000000001e-05,4e-05,1e-05, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Hydrogen|OC,GW/yr,0.0,0.00059,19.19838,19.52975,1.87918, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Nuclear,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Oil,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Solar,GW/yr,56.445,125.0388,137.13128,100.86455,20.90701, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Solar|PV,GW/yr,56.445,125.0388,137.13128,100.86455,20.90701, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Solar|PV|Open Field,GW/yr,56.36567,0.00251,102.54025,100.86443,20.90689, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Solar|PV|Rooftop,GW/yr,0.07933000000000001,125.03629,34.59103,0.00012,0.00012, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Converter,GW/yr,0.05746,3.80769,30.06468,22.05193,30.05909, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Converter|Hydro Dam Reservoir,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Converter|Pump Hydro,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Converter|Stationary Batteries,GW/yr,0.05746,3.80769,30.06468,22.05193,30.05909, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Converter|Vehicles,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Reservoir,GWh/yr,0.16515,33.54783,264.95386,160.75141,0.01095, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Hydro Dam Reservoir,GWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Pump Hydro,GWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Stationary Batteries,GWh/yr,0.16515,33.54783,264.95386,160.75141,0.01095, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Vehicles,GWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Wind,GW/yr,18.09897,69.63217,63.01938,35.95553,19.96517, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Wind|Offshore,GW/yr,3.513,18.00014,20.70007,15.08023,2.49099, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Wind|Onshore,GW/yr,14.58597,51.63203,42.31931,20.8753,17.47418, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Gases,GW/yr,1.29554,0.5215200000000001,1.94437,0.17644,1.1449, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Gases|Biomass,GW/yr,1.29484,0.52141,1.94421,0.17633,1.14487, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Gases|Hydrogen,GW/yr,0.0007,0.00012,0.00015,0.00011,3e-05, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat,GW/yr,7.46122,31.35562,21.6756,10.89374,5.05631, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Biomass,GW/yr,0.23998,0.00018,0.19837,0.00329,0.10984, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Biomass|w/ CCS,GW/yr,0.00029,5e-05,4e-05,4e-05,1e-05, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Biomass|w/o CCS,GW/yr,0.23969,0.00013,0.19833,0.00325,0.10982, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Gas,GW/yr,3.74591,8.94875,0.00108,0.0006900000000000001,0.12403, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Heat pump,GW/yr,0.00036,0.13898,2.38358,0.84423,0.28605, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Oil,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Resistive heater,GW/yr,0.15767,21.98744,9.83149,0.15308,0.0004, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Solar thermal,GW/yr,3.3058,0.0002700000000000001,0.00033,0.00017,4e-05, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Storage Converter,GW/yr,16.4168,26.39229,29.2504,29.83921,29.76451, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Storage Reservoir,GWh/yr,185.46091,922.83305,3581.61327,147.77388,7.62497, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen,GW/yr,0.07336000000000001,3.51931,8.1286,13.38512,9e-05, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Electricity,GW/yr,0.00029,5.0,12.75248,20.49144,8e-05, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Gas,GW/yr,0.0732,0.41081,0.00016,0.00011,3e-05, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Gas|w/ CCS,GW/yr,0.00137,0.00298,7.000000000000001e-05,5e-05,2e-05, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Gas|w/o CCS,GW/yr,0.07182000000000001,0.40783,0.0001,6.000000000000001e-05,2e-05, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Liquids,GW/yr,0.19156,0.083,5.75549,0.01558,1.67514, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Liquids|Biomass,GW/yr,0.00036,6.000000000000001e-05,6.000000000000001e-05,0.00019,0.69869, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Liquids|Hydrogen,GW/yr,0.1912,0.08294000000000001,5.75543,0.01539,0.97645, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Methanol,GW/yr,0.19064,0.08274000000000001,3.95946,0.0006000000000000001,0.9763600000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Decentral Heat|Solar thermal,GW,0.00829,0.00072,0.00066,0.0002700000000000001,8e-05, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity,GW,265.40535,457.04359,660.41005,788.46531,793.27665, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Biomass,GW,12.86433,10.81333,5.39151,0.78885,0.17773, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Biomass|Gases and Liquids,GW,5.68379,5.16322,1.77554,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Biomass|Solids,GW,7.18054,5.65011,3.61598,0.78885,0.17773, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS,GW,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS,GW,12.86425,10.81332,5.3915,0.7888400000000001,0.17772, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Coal,GW,26.39452,20.52458,17.45564,0.29751,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Coal|Hard Coal,GW,5.70061,5.24333,3.92083,0.29567,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Coal|Lignite,GW,20.69391,15.28125,13.53481,0.00184,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas,GW,29.47104,40.56478,27.33527,22.84685,18.83515, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas|CC,GW,9.597,9.597,8.978,7.92069,6.57107, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas|OC,GW,0.0247,2.63691,0.02331,0.02331,0.02331, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas|w/ CCS,GW,0.0004400000000000001,0.00011,5e-05,5e-05,2e-05, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas|w/o CCS,GW,29.4706,40.56467,27.33521,22.84681,18.83513, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Hydro,GW,3.06098,3.06098,3.06098,3.06098,3.06098, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Hydrogen,GW,0.00026,0.00091,37.57746,66.02607,69.50437, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Hydrogen|CC,GW,0.0,0.0002700000000000001,16.08933,25.02037,26.62038, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Hydrogen|FC,GW,0.00026,5e-05,6.000000000000001e-05,4e-05,1e-05, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Hydrogen|OC,GW,0.0,0.00059,21.48807,41.00566,42.88398, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Non-Renewable Waste,GW,1.68617,1.6857,1.68528,1.68498,0.8178700000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Nuclear,GW,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Oil,GW,1.62806,1.55812,1.07462,0.7163200000000001,0.6051500000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar,GW,110.0,234.99977,372.1282,471.04369,475.98744, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar|PV,GW,110.0,234.99977,372.1282,471.04369,475.98744, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar|PV|Open Field,GW,109.92067,109.89576,212.4335,311.34898,316.29273, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar|PV|Rooftop,GW,0.07933000000000001,125.10401,159.69471,159.69471,159.69471, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Converter,GW,7.87318,11.66297,41.67688,59.89854,59.8952, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Converter|Hydro Dam Reservoir,GW,0.2895,0.2895,0.2895,0.2895,0.2895, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Converter|Pump Hydro,GW,7.52622,7.52622,7.52622,7.52622,7.52622, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Converter|Stationary Batteries,GW,0.05746,3.84725,33.86116,52.08282,52.07948, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Converter|Vehicles,GW,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Reservoir,GWh,340.03647,731.43164,1175.2629,1634.18923,1813.0971, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Hydro Dam Reservoir,GWh,300.0,300.0,300.0,300.0,300.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Pump Hydro,GWh,39.87131,39.87131,39.87131,39.87131,39.87131, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Stationary Batteries,GWh,0.16515,33.6905,298.58685,459.28831,459.26128, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Vehicles,GWh,0.0,357.86983,536.80474,835.0296,1013.96451, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Wind,GW,80.29999,143.83542,194.7011,222.00006,224.28797, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Wind|Offshore,GW,11.3,29.3,49.99998,64.99999,64.28796, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Wind|Onshore,GW,68.99999,114.53542,144.70112,157.00008,160.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Gases,GW,1.62567,2.11713,4.03807,3.86146,3.65115, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Gases|Biomass,GW,1.62497,2.11701,4.03792,3.86135,3.65113, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Gases|Hydrogen,GW,0.0007,0.00012,0.00015,0.00011,3e-05, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat,GW,77.42138,101.66734,108.17885,104.74081,93.79658, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Biomass,GW,28.05535,22.2373,10.0491,1.61496,0.54659, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Biomass|w/ CCS,GW,0.00029,5e-05,4e-05,4e-05,1e-05, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Biomass|w/o CCS,GW,28.05506,22.23725,10.04906,1.61492,0.5465800000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Gas,GW,39.50778,47.20944,35.65391,29.78816,24.91167, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Heat pump,GW,0.00036,0.13898,2.51342,3.35762,3.62974, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Oil,GW,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Resistive heater,GW,0.15767,22.11202,31.94351,32.09427,31.96262, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Solar thermal,GW,3.3058,3.30203,3.30209,3.30193,4e-05, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Storage Converter,GW,16.4168,26.39229,29.2504,29.83921,29.76451, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Storage Reservoir,GWh,296.37869,1219.10487,4800.6677,4837.49946,4822.79737, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen,GW,2.63727,6.09215,14.18721,27.57174,27.56792, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Electricity,GW,0.00029,5.0,17.74738,38.23815,38.23242, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Gas,GW,2.6371,2.98365,2.95345,2.95339,2.95332, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Gas|w/ CCS,GW,0.7309,0.7325,0.7296,0.72958,0.72955, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Gas|w/o CCS,GW,1.9062,2.25114,2.22385,2.22382,2.22377, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Reservoir,GWh,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Liquids,GW,0.97279,1.04992,6.80462,6.01499,7.49971, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Liquids|Biomass,GW,0.00036,6.000000000000001e-05,6.000000000000001e-05,0.00019,0.69869, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Liquids|Hydrogen,GW,0.9724300000000001,1.04986,6.80456,6.0148,6.80102, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Methanol,GW,0.9718700000000001,1.04966,5.00859,4.21852,5.00858, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Carbon Intensity|Electricity,g CO2/kWh,231.0686096806991,38.38188228414494,9.425046840293033,3.914784966570744,1.757097285785644, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Carbon Intensity|EndUse,g CO2/kWh,211.50311742639,197.2070192746452,153.0861649427527,51.98927775643565,-36.66406878422998, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Carbon Sequestration,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,2.00965,2.44128,27.16171,38.7889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Carbon Sequestration|BECCS,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.00498,0.30255,20.22134,25.63727, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Carbon Sequestration|DACCS,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.00013,8e-05,0.00019,5e-05, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Carbon Sequestration|Other,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,2.00455,2.13865,6.94018,13.15157, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Cost|Total Energy System Cost,billion EUR2020/yr,57.6057,83.9031,117.9052,133.8581,130.7098, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2,Mt CO2/yr,585.66598,384.34303,197.79205,90.34802,1.85975, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy,Mt CO2/yr,502.41965,305.90937,141.24676,47.6734,-10.19975, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy and Industrial Processes,Mt CO2/yr,546.53174,344.11469,159.99907,54.6391,-5.04929, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy incl Bunkers,Mt CO2/yr,536.39144,341.95831,176.76743,82.45032,-4.02663, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy incl Bunkers|Demand,Mt CO2/yr,340.55039,256.27148,140.98211,61.18668,-5.49438, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand,Mt CO2/yr,306.57859,220.22254,105.46143,26.40976,-11.6675, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers,Mt CO2/yr,33.97179,36.04894,35.52067,34.77692,6.17312, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers|Aviation,Mt CO2/yr,30.59371,33.23855,33.52507,33.5888,6.05474, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers|Navigation,Mt CO2/yr,3.37808,2.81039,1.9956,1.18811,0.11838, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry,Mt CO2/yr,87.80078,69.83135,44.44553,2.85976,-13.51146, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Other Sector,Mt CO2/yr,3.24001,3.27313,3.25386,3.22873,0.6434000000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Residential and Commercial,Mt CO2/yr,89.79014,61.07937,13.54242,2.31207,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation,Mt CO2/yr,125.74767,86.0387,44.21963,18.0092,1.20056, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|Domestic Aviation,Mt CO2/yr,2.84692,3.09304,3.1197,3.12563,0.5634300000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|Domestic Navigation,Mt CO2/yr,0.6686300000000001,0.55627,0.39499,0.23517,0.02343, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2/yr,195.84105,85.68682,35.78532,21.26364,1.46775, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Electricity,Mt CO2/yr,130.94454,28.93421,9.2979,4.54006,2.0747, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Electricity and Heat,Mt CO2/yr,161.46603,56.76514,23.16727,14.26604,3.79589, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Heat,Mt CO2/yr,30.52149,27.83093,13.86937,9.72598,1.72119, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Hydrogen,Mt CO2/yr,4.12284,5.45078,0.02008,0.01497,0.01732, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Industrial Processes,Mt CO2/yr,44.1121,38.20533,18.75231,6.9657,5.15046, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Industry,Mt CO2/yr,131.91287,108.03668,63.19784,9.82546,-8.36099, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Industry + Processes,Mt CO2/yr,131.91288,108.03668,63.19784,9.82546,-8.361, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Supply|Non-Renewable Waste,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy,Mt CO2/yr,283.64183,155.52315,80.53341,44.34475,13.59357, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry,Mt CO2/yr,87.80078,69.83213,44.44576,22.58952,8.21317, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2/yr,195.84105,85.69102,36.08764,21.75522,5.3804, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Electricity,Mt CO2/yr,130.94454,28.93423,9.29791,4.54007,2.07471, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Gases,Mt CO2/yr,6.42309,5.30054,2.28533,1.10516,0.53451, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Heat,Mt CO2/yr,30.52149,27.83101,13.8694,9.72603,1.72121, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Hydrogen,Mt CO2/yr,4.12284,5.45078,0.02008,0.01497,0.01732, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Liquids,Mt CO2/yr,13.02613,10.19956,6.33285,4.582850000000001,0.68452, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Solids,Mt CO2/yr,10.80297,7.97491,4.28207,1.78614,0.3481300000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy,TWh/yr,2139.273605555556,1942.129569444444,1657.871861111111,1522.922461111111,1463.600208333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy incl Non-Energy Use incl Bunkers,TWh/yr,2519.183808333333,2304.69635,1994.723483333333,1833.663233333333,1734.239361111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Agriculture,TWh/yr,42.52508333333333,42.52508333333333,42.52508333333333,42.52508333333333,42.52508333333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Agriculture|Electricity,TWh/yr,3.721966666666666,3.721966666666666,3.721966666666666,3.721966666666666,3.721966666666666, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Agriculture|Heat,TWh/yr,25.83699722222222,25.83699722222222,25.83699722222222,25.83699722222222,25.83699722222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Agriculture|Liquids,TWh/yr,12.96611944444444,12.96611944444444,12.96611944444444,12.96611944444444,12.96611944444444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers,TWh/yr,138.0255388888889,146.95265,148.4591388888889,149.3400611111111,136.1600833333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation,TWh/yr,122.4323833333333,131.6706666666667,133.59205,134.8878666666667,122.0190611111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids,TWh/yr,122.4323833333333,131.6706666666667,133.59205,134.8878666666667,122.0190611111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,3.436777777777778,2.388044444444444,0.0001305555555555556,0.002833333333333334,31.62953888888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0002277777777777778,4.166666666666667e-05,3.194916666666666,4.240138888888889,66.83937499999999, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,118.9953777777778,129.2825805555555,130.3970027777778,130.6448944444444,23.55015, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Liquids,TWh/yr,138.0255388888889,146.95265,148.4591388888889,149.3400611111111,136.1600833333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation,TWh/yr,15.59315555555555,15.28198333333333,14.86708888888889,14.45219444444444,14.14102222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids,TWh/yr,15.59315555555555,15.28198333333333,14.86708888888889,14.45219444444444,14.14102222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.3794805555555555,0.2019138888888889,8.333333333333334e-06,0.0001,0.6184027777777777, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,2.074502777777778,4.148958333333333,7.105105555555555,9.830877777777777,13.06217777777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,13.13917222222222,10.93111111111111,7.761975,4.621213888888889,0.4604388888888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Methanol,TWh/yr,2.074477777777778,4.148955555555555,6.914925,9.680894444444444,11.75537222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Carbon Dioxide Removal,TWh/yr,0.0011,0.0002972222222222222,0.0002305555555555556,0.0004388888888888889,0.0001166666666666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Carbon Dioxide Removal|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.0003111111111111111,8.333333333333333e-05,6.38888888888889e-05,0.000125,3.333333333333333e-05, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Carbon Dioxide Removal|Heat,TWh/yr,0.0007916666666666666,0.0002138888888888889,0.0001638888888888889,0.0003166666666666666,8.333333333333333e-05, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Electricity,TWh/yr,536.6831527777778,674.9112,826.7759138888889,919.2923583333334,972.5315638888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases,TWh/yr,498.5637916666666,368.1822277777778,205.0109805555556,101.5401166666667,52.16567222222223, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,8.810877777777778,8.597763888888888,20.26066666666667,19.30405833333333,21.85328333333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.001977777777777778,0.0003055555555555555,0.0004944444444444444,0.0003222222222222222,6.111111111111111e-05, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,489.7509361111111,359.5841666666666,184.7498222222222,82.23573888888889,30.31232777777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Heat,TWh/yr,168.3865833333333,167.1083416666667,163.4485472222222,157.7491277777778,155.2930361111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.9682805555555555,15.51447777777778,35.31231666666667,53.42079166666667,69.6990111111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry,TWh/yr,895.9698972222222,871.869736111111,824.473163888889,790.3495750000001,767.7917416666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use,TWh/yr,654.0852333333332,656.2556055555556,636.0806777777779,628.9488638888888,633.3126722222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Electricity,TWh/yr,242.76,293.54,338.86,382.48,424.78, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases,TWh/yr,217.7545472222222,179.1616194444444,129.114075,87.12183333333333,52.16567222222223, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,3.848269444444445,4.183769444444445,12.75998611111111,16.56296111111111,21.85328333333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0008638888888888889,0.00015,0.0003111111111111111,0.0002777777777777778,6.111111111111111e-05, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,213.9054138888889,174.9777055555556,116.3537805555555,70.5586,30.31232777777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Heat,TWh/yr,47.53,39.91,31.41,23.5,16.12, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.9682805555555555,15.5136,35.19480833333333,53.18100277777777,69.66114722222223, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids,TWh/yr,27.62250833333333,21.79065,15.59863055555556,9.426452777777778,3.134111111111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.775386111111111,0.3952055555555555,1.388888888888889e-05,0.0001972222222222222,0.8124194444444445, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,5e-05,5.555555555555556e-06,0.3730472222222222,0.2963166666666667,1.716797222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,26.84706944444444,21.39543611111111,15.22556666666667,9.12993611111111,0.6048944444444445, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids,TWh/yr,117.4498972222222,106.3397361111111,85.9031638888889,73.23957499999999,67.45174166666666, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,48.13,54.43,57.69,61.4,65.38, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,69.31989722222222,51.90973611111111,28.21316388888889,11.839575,2.071741666666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Electricity,TWh/yr,242.76,293.54,338.86,382.48,424.78, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases,TWh/yr,290.97,240.71,178.38,124.99,79.46, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,5.142172222222222,5.621041666666667,17.62880277777778,23.76217777777778,33.28744444444445, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.001155555555555556,0.0002,0.0004305555555555556,0.0003972222222222222,9.166666666666667e-05, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,285.826675,235.0887638888889,160.7507694444444,101.2274305555555,46.17246388888888, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Heat,TWh/yr,47.53,39.91,31.41,23.5,16.12, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,11.8,26.68,47.01,65.64,82.66000000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids,TWh/yr,185.46,164.69,142.91,120.5,97.32, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,5.206013888888889,2.9869,0.0001388888888888889,0.002530555555555555,25.22709722222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0003444444444444444,5e-05,3.417761111111111,3.787863888888889,53.30976944444444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,180.2536416666667,161.70305,139.4921,116.7096055555556,18.78313611111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids,TWh/yr,117.4498972222222,106.3397361111111,85.9031638888889,73.23957499999999,67.45174166666666, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,48.13,54.43,57.69,61.4,65.38, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,69.31989722222222,51.90973611111111,28.21316388888889,11.839575,2.071741666666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids,TWh/yr,684.9834555555555,473.5723027777778,206.1415888888889,96.63110833333333,42.62137777777777, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,19.22804722222222,8.588941666666667,0.0002,0.002027777777777778,11.04822777777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.001269444444444445,0.0001472222222222222,4.929972222222222,3.037555555555556,23.34705833333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,665.7541388888889,464.9832138888889,201.2114138888889,93.59152222222222,8.226088888888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use,TWh/yr,241.8846638888889,215.6141305555556,188.3924833333333,161.4007111111111,134.4790694444444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Gases,TWh/yr,73.21545277777777,61.54838055555555,49.265925,37.86816666666667,27.29432777777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,1.2939,1.437272222222222,4.868813888888888,7.199216666666666,11.43416111111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0002916666666666666,5e-05,0.0001194444444444444,0.0001194444444444444,3.333333333333333e-05, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,71.92126111111111,60.11105833333333,44.39699166666666,30.66883055555556,15.86013611111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,10.83171944444445,11.1664,11.81519166666667,12.45899722222222,12.99885277777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Liquids,TWh/yr,157.8374916666667,142.89935,127.3113694444444,111.0735472222222,94.1858888888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,4.430627777777778,2.591694444444444,0.000125,0.002333333333333334,24.41467777777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0002916666666666666,4.444444444444445e-05,3.044711111111111,3.491547222222222,51.59297222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,153.4065722222222,140.3076138888889,124.2665333333333,107.5796694444444,18.17823888888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Solids,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial,TWh/yr,903.4625972222221,810.2373166666666,650.6979,586.5596861111111,555.2318111111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Electricity,TWh/yr,254.6390694444444,286.1922861111111,333.3202527777777,342.6802055555556,338.05805, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Electricity|Heat Pumps,TWh/yr,19.50578055555556,40.00554444444445,87.25349444444444,93.26728333333334,89.37720555555556, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases,TWh/yr,280.8092444444445,189.0206083333333,75.89690555555555,14.41828333333333,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,4.962605555555555,4.413994444444445,7.500680555555555,2.741097222222222,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.001113888888888889,0.0001583333333333334,0.0001833333333333333,4.444444444444445e-05,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,275.845525,184.6064611111111,68.39604166666666,11.67713888888889,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Heat,TWh/yr,95.01879444444444,101.3611305555556,106.2013861111111,108.4118138888889,113.3359583333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids,TWh/yr,140.7570416666667,97.16200555555554,5.555555555555556e-06,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,3.951166666666666,1.762177777777778,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0002611111111111111,3.055555555555555e-05,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,136.8056166666667,95.39979722222223,2.777777777777778e-06,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Solids,TWh/yr,132.2384472222222,136.5012861111111,135.2793527777778,121.0493861111111,103.8378055555555, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,132.2384472222222,136.5012861111111,135.2793527777778,121.0493861111111,103.8378055555555, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space and Water Heating,TWh/yr,676.3676222222222,583.1423416666667,423.6029277777778,359.4647138888889,328.1368388888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Solids,TWh/yr,249.6883444444445,242.8410222222222,221.1825138888889,194.2889611111111,171.2895472222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,180.3684472222222,190.9312861111111,192.9693527777778,182.4493861111111,169.2178055555555, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,69.31989722222222,51.90973611111111,28.21316388888889,11.839575,2.071741666666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation,TWh/yr,539.1995916666666,433.1112694444444,328.5679722222222,264.8883888888889,232.530525, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation,TWh/yr,11.39305,12.252725,12.43152222222222,12.55210555555555,11.35458611111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Liquids,TWh/yr,11.39305,12.252725,12.43152222222222,12.55210555555555,11.35458611111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation,TWh/yr,2.675783333333333,2.203586111111111,1.573988888888889,0.9443944444444444,0.4721972222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Liquids,TWh/yr,2.675783333333333,2.203586111111111,1.573988888888889,0.9443944444444444,0.4721972222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Electricity,TWh/yr,35.56180555555556,91.45686388888889,150.8736305555556,190.4100638888889,205.9715138888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0008805555555555555,0.1175083333333333,0.2397888888888889,0.03786388888888888, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids,TWh/yr,503.6377861111111,341.653525,177.5768333333333,74.23853611111112,26.52114722222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,14.137525,6.196397222222222,0.0001722222222222222,0.001558333333333333,6.874758333333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.4115388888888889,0.8213166666666666,5.615519444444444,4.249816666666667,16.85447222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,489.4993277777778,335.457025,173.3298277777778,71.90332222222223,5.118683333333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Methanol,TWh/yr,0.4106055555555556,0.8212111111111111,1.368686111111111,1.916161111111111,2.326766666666666, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Waste,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity,billion EUR2020/yr,39.06858,58.4202,45.30358,22.59527,5.64197, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Biomass,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0285,0.0225,0.023,0.0125,0.012, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0285,0.0225,0.023,0.0125,0.012, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Coal,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,3.99261,8.78746,7.6613,2.67254,0.56108, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Electricity Storage,billion EUR2020/yr,0.5085000000000001,3.8125,4.9075,1.599,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Gas,billion EUR2020/yr,0.661,0.6415000000000001,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Gas|w/ CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Gas|w/o CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,0.661,0.6415000000000001,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Hydro,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Hydrogen,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,1.3595,2.745,1.5585,0.173, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Nuclear,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Oil,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Solar,billion EUR2020/yr,12.193,16.1805,12.1215,5.6815,0.9510000000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Transmission,billion EUR2020/yr,9.69913,12.60139,8.97194,4.25206,0.4419, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Transmission and Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,13.69174,21.38886,16.63323,6.9246,1.00297, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Transmission|AC,billion EUR2020/yr,2.47597,4.07128,4.28252,2.26568,0.42932, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Transmission|DC,billion EUR2020/yr,7.22315,8.53012,4.689410000000001,1.98637,0.01257, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Wind,billion EUR2020/yr,12.8295,19.1635,14.1175,7.737,2.653, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Wind Offshore,billion EUR2020/yr,3.6495,6.386,5.714,2.7405,0.3845, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Wind Onshore,billion EUR2020/yr,9.18,12.7775,8.4035,4.9965,2.2685, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Energiewende,billion EUR2020/yr,41.9057,67.63809,56.6397,26.80604,5.261200000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat,billion EUR2020/yr,0.256,1.0315,1.1255,0.376,0.096, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat|Heatpump,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0455,0.8285,1.062,0.3745,0.0955, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat|Renewable,billion EUR2020/yr,0.235,1.0305,1.1255,0.3755,0.0955, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat|Solarthermal,billion EUR2020/yr,0.049,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen,billion EUR2020/yr,1.77146,3.68273,4.58697,2.60744,0.06473000000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen|Electrolysis,billion EUR2020/yr,0.75,2.4715,4.1805,2.459,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen|Fossil,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0335,0.0285,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen|Storage,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen|Transmission,billion EUR2020/yr,0.9879600000000001,1.18273,0.4064700000000001,0.14844,0.06473000000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen|Transmission and Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,0.9879600000000001,1.18273,0.4064700000000001,0.14844,0.06473000000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Liquids,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0205,0.3845,0.3795,0.31,0.309, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Liquids|Biomass,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.254,0.254, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Liquids|Hydrogen,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0205,0.3845,0.3795,0.056,0.055, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Price|Carbon,EUR2020/t CO2,80.84672,165.47609,493.27415,530.68817,392.98938, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Price|Carbon|National Climate Target,EUR2020/t CO2,63.50814,1e-05,0.0,0.0,6.62159, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Price|Primary Energy|Biomass,EUR2020/GJ,14.55804,18.89108,27.5155,26.22095,20.66591, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Price|Primary Energy|Coal,EUR2020/GJ,10.38727,17.21563,47.91577,51.31927,38.52645, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Price|Primary Energy|Gas,EUR2020/GJ,16.21153,15.93868,34.74778,36.94941,29.11789, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Price|Primary Energy|Oil,EUR2020/GJ,14.9397,22.60429,45.9426,48.55741,38.6516, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Price|Secondary Energy|Electricity,EUR2020/GJ,29.11081,22.67079,24.51103,22.12711,20.62891, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Price|Secondary Energy|Hydrogen,EUR2020/GJ,23.61451,28.28105,32.17826,31.37397,31.45913, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy,TWh/yr,2934.428236111111,2517.771408333334,2060.833663888889,1905.799294444444,1527.867847222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass,TWh/yr,321.5420444444444,246.467125,237.9648388888889,224.07705,223.7832388888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Electricity,TWh/yr,67.78740555555555,19.18438888888889,6.606391666666667,1.197105555555556,0.3479722222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Gases,TWh/yr,14.00661944444444,15.3373,30.38911388888889,31.44514444444444,31.75660833333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Heat,TWh/yr,31.89910833333333,7.275824999999999,7.999188888888889,2.159641666666666,1.071197222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Liquids,TWh/yr,27.47976944444444,13.73804444444444,0.0006833333333333333,0.0036,14.12523611111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.03906111111111111,0.06532222222222223,6.065763888888888,75.79449722222222,103.5833, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,294.0284388888888,232.6645305555556,231.899075,148.28255,120.1999388888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal,TWh/yr,393.8965277777777,106.0116611111111,52.99991944444444,21.13998888888889,3.865780555555555, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Electricity,TWh/yr,252.2940888888889,8.837138888888889,2.371752777777778,0.04186388888888889,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Hard Coal,TWh/yr,48.52904166666667,9.240941666666666,0.9903,0.09566388888888888,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Heat,TWh/yr,16.61031666666667,4.166741666666667,0.3477055555555555,0.05380555555555556,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Lignite,TWh/yr,220.3753638888889,3.762941666666666,1.729158333333333,2.777777777777778e-06,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Fossil,TWh/yr,2206.902338888889,1559.853013888889,828.6947111111111,513.2070833333333,124.0102694444444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas,TWh/yr,810.9957166666667,669.2599388888889,288.5521694444445,139.5399833333333,67.48872222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Electricity,TWh/yr,143.1795111111111,118.7913638888889,29.97249722222222,12.19840833333333,10.46068888888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Gases,TWh/yr,585.0763138888889,437.1828916666666,238.6946861111111,119.7024055555555,49.47868888888888, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Heat,TWh/yr,61.04986388888889,77.50138611111112,19.75299444444445,7.51828611111111,7.398458333333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,21.69003333333333,35.78429444444445,0.1319944444444444,0.1208833333333333,0.1508861111111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Hydro,TWh/yr,19.70915555555556,24.32042777777778,23.25601388888889,22.25337777777778,21.86341111111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Nuclear,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Oil,TWh/yr,1002.010094444444,784.5814138888888,487.1426222222222,352.5271111111111,52.65576666666666, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Oil|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.2114166666666667,0.1412527777777778,0.1638,0.07855833333333333,0.01466111111111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Oil|Heat,TWh/yr,0.2607472222222222,0.08167222222222222,0.05714722222222222,0.04838611111111112,0.01423888888888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Oil|Liquids,TWh/yr,1001.537927777778,784.3584916666667,486.921675,352.4001694444444,52.62686666666666, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Solar,TWh/yr,121.1555888888889,240.0474916666667,371.5199833333333,460.8599416666667,469.3041194444444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Waste,TWh/yr,66.14894166666666,58.40590833333333,50.31653333333333,42.00163888888889,33.41675555555555, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Waste|Electricity,TWh/yr,13.84516111111111,12.22463611111111,10.53149444444444,8.791141666666666,7.334716666666666, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Waste|Heat,TWh/yr,52.30378055555556,46.18127222222222,39.78503888888888,33.21049722222222,26.08203611111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Wind,TWh/yr,198.9701694444444,388.6774416666667,549.0815833333334,643.4001999999999,655.4900555555556, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Production|Non-Metallic Minerals|Cement,Mt/yr,31.27762,35.4432,36.36871,37.54664,38.72457, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Production|Steel,Mt/yr,38.18185,43.05448,44.22145,45.57334,47.96085, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Production|Steel|Primary,Mt/yr,26.9182,29.83245,29.15078,28.55625,29.00192, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Production|Steel|Secondary,Mt/yr,11.26365,13.22203,15.07067,17.01708,18.95892, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy,TWh/yr,2580.651483333333,2410.737636111111,2045.755172222222,2002.417183333333,1649.676191666666, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Electricity|Heat,TWh/yr,0.055675,24.09047777777777,55.50100277777777,54.49598611111111,52.69299444444444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Electricity|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.001252777777777778,12.12003611111111,92.02008888888888,207.8413277777778,189.1999222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Electricity|Liquids,TWh/yr,2.074175,1.655775,9.217875000000001,8.113377777777778,9.706641666666668, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Hydrogen|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.001991666666666667,0.0008472222222222223,16.58707777777778,28.65704166666667,27.95135277777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Hydrogen|Gases,TWh/yr,0.004058333333333333,0.0006861111111111111,0.0009305555555555556,0.0006583333333333334,0.0001583333333333334, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Hydrogen|Heat,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0001861111111111111,9.051080555555554,19.06623333333333,17.18621111111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Hydrogen|Liquids,TWh/yr,8.714633333333333,6.954891666666667,54.48007222222223,49.200425,44.82475833333334, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity,TWh/yr,566.6911666666666,753.8507305555555,986.5096861111111,1159.721425,1180.7542, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Biomass,TWh/yr,32.58718611111111,8.424447222222222,5.445958333333333,1.120644444444445,0.3808388888888888, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Biomass|Gaseous and Liquid,TWh/yr,11.90729444444444,3.712636111111111,0.1731138888888889,,, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Biomass|Solid,TWh/yr,20.67989444444444,4.711811111111111,5.272844444444445,1.120644444444445,0.3808388888888888, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0004722222222222222,8.055555555555556e-05,4.444444444444445e-05,5e-05,1.944444444444445e-05, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,32.58671666666667,8.424369444444444,5.445916666666666,1.120594444444444,0.3808194444444444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Coal,TWh/yr,91.72288055555555,5.270502777777778,0.9823611111111111,0.04422499999999999,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Coal|Hard Coal,TWh/yr,19.244675,4.027547222222222,0.4105694444444444,0.04422499999999999,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Coal|Lignite,TWh/yr,72.47820555555555,1.242955555555556,0.5717916666666667,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Curtailment,TWh/yr,68.04244444444444,77.43976388888888,78.11383055555555,90.62217222222222,81.70189722222221, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Fossil,TWh/yr,184.8649833333334,89.21375277777777,24.19301944444445,10.45355555555556,12.73356944444444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas,TWh/yr,92.98131944444445,83.8718611111111,23.14071111111111,10.37163055555556,12.69226666666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Hydro,TWh/yr,17.01988888888889,16.95520833333333,16.98339166666667,16.97565277777778,17.01658611111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0009972222222222223,0.00045,10.38809722222222,19.69295277777778,18.66450555555556, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Non-Biomass Renewables,TWh/yr,335.8690805555556,644.4079194444444,936.3133499999999,1119.965502777778,1141.810730555555, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Nuclear,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Oil,TWh/yr,0.1607805555555556,0.07138888888888889,0.06994444444444445,0.03770277777777777,0.04130555555555555, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Solar,TWh/yr,119.8790222222222,238.7752694444444,370.248375,459.5896472222222,469.3040916666666, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Storage Losses,TWh/yr,0.901675,2.864758333333333,5.230652777777777,6.247355555555556,6.071863888888888, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Waste,TWh/yr,13.36892222222222,11.80416111111111,10.16926388888889,8.488772222222222,7.164552777777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Wind,TWh/yr,198.9701694444444,388.6774416666667,549.0815833333334,643.4001999999999,655.4900555555556, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Wind|Offshore,TWh/yr,47.47145277777778,134.4202805555555,234.1784527777777,305.0646138888889,304.0595638888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Wind|Onshore,TWh/yr,151.4987166666667,254.2571611111111,314.9031305555555,338.3355861111111,351.4304916666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases,TWh/yr,792.5657527777778,657.8273888888889,307.3999416666666,165.4040527777778,96.54590833333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,14.00661944444444,15.3373,30.38911388888889,31.44514444444444,31.75660833333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.003247222222222223,0.00055,0.0007444444444444445,0.000525,0.0001277777777777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,778.5558888888888,642.4895416666666,277.0100833333333,133.9583833333333,64.78917222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat,TWh/yr,154.2050916666667,153.1643555555555,160.1208611111111,156.9753972222222,153.1690805555556, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Biomass,TWh/yr,28.50239444444444,6.617572222222222,7.254038888888889,2.098052777777778,1.172372222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Coal,TWh/yr,15.82840555555555,4.199663888888889,0.3405555555555556,0.05684166666666667,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.05831111111111111,25.37671666666666,79.07521944444444,85.31773055555554,90.03702777777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Electricity|Heat Pumps,TWh/yr,0.004808333333333333,2.271533333333333,35.811,45.96754722222222,54.47112222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Electricity|Resistive,TWh/yr,0.05350277777777777,23.10518333333333,43.26421944444444,39.35018055555555,35.56590555555555, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Gas,TWh/yr,57.62990277777777,70.21838055555556,19.80696111111111,8.56777222222222,11.80218333333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0001527777777777778,7.381652777777777,15.79245555555556,14.26815555555556, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Oil,TWh/yr,0.2155888888888889,0.07272222222222222,0.05743055555555555,0.05083611111111111,0.07585, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Other,TWh/yr,0.1920277777777778,0.8143083333333333,6.516947222222223,11.75324444444444,10.33654722222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Solar,TWh/yr,1.273805555555556,1.272013888888889,1.271436111111111,1.270241666666667,1.111111111111111e-05, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Waste,TWh/yr,50.50465833333333,44.59282222222222,38.41661944444444,32.06821944444444,25.47693333333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,16.42163888888889,33.67679444444444,58.38586388888888,134.1732777777778,122.283275, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.0007361111111111111,7.535025,58.28242222222222,134.0690555555555,122.1027666666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Gas,TWh/yr,15.52090555555555,26.08176944444444,0.1034416666666667,0.1042222222222222,0.1805083333333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Other,TWh/yr,0.9,0.06,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids,TWh/yr,986.4779333333333,764.7586277777779,507.8556611111111,375.5134555555555,94.85198888888888, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,27.47645833333333,13.73756944444444,0.000275,0.0015,6.120463888888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Fossil,TWh/yr,951.3444722222222,744.9098527777778,462.5107527777778,334.7019361111111,49.99328333333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,7.657002777777778,6.111205555555555,45.34463611111111,40.81001666666666,38.73824166666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Oil,TWh/yr,951.3444722222222,744.9098527777778,462.5107527777778,334.7019361111111,49.99328333333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Methanol,TWh/yr,7.655161111111111,6.110972222222222,34.02041388888889,29.94404166666667,35.8243, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Solids,TWh/yr,64.28989722222222,47.45973611111111,25.48316388888889,10.629575,2.071741666666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,180.3691444444445,190.9315666666667,192.9694583333333,189.2715555555556,176.482225, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,64.28989722222222,47.45973611111111,25.48316388888889,10.629575,2.071741666666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Trade|Primary Energy|Biomass|Volume,TWh/yr,-78.93982777777778,-46.30896111111111,-49.79757222222222,-42.4127,-39.55176111111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gross Import|Volume,TWh/yr,104.8332083333333,154.1136388888889,211.0965638888889,239.5177805555555,246.0165666666666, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Electricity|Volume,TWh/yr,3.533427777777778,5.773652777777778,-43.24285277777778,-80.37300833333333,-94.98423055555556, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Gases|Biomass|Gross Import|Volume,TWh/yr,0.5433694444444445,0.08621111111111111,0.03918888888888889,0.03346111111111111,14.95599444444444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Gases|Biomass|Volume,TWh/yr,-1.111111111111111e-05,-0.02481388888888889,0.01068611111111111,-0.0003111111111111111,-14.95231388888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Gases|Hydrogen|Gross Import|Volume,TWh/yr,2.222222222222222e-05,0.0,0.0,0.0,2.777777777777778e-06, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Gases|Hydrogen|Volume,TWh/yr,0.0001027777777777778,2.777777777777778e-06,0.0,0.0,-2.777777777777778e-06, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Gross Import|Volume,TWh/yr,5.431027777777778,14.75663888888889,91.22764444444444,110.7668083333333,115.1081805555555, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Volume,TWh/yr,-4.999047222222222,-0.02069722222222222,-68.86080277777778,-28.63086944444444,-50.37706388888888, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Liquids|Biomass|Volume,TWh/yr,0.0001694444444444444,-5.131208333333332,0.0002305555555555556,-0.005844444444444445,-50.89388888888888, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Liquids|Hydrogen|Gross Import|Volume,TWh/yr,0.2567333333333334,5.127547222222222,0.06130555555555556,0.03919722222222222,138.9801888888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Liquids|Hydrogen|Volume,TWh/yr,0.0001194444444444444,-5.109224999999999,38.68521666666667,23.49713055555555,-119.2014805555556, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity,GW/yr,74.936,200.85519,218.34768,154.36307,87.74205, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Biomass,GW/yr,0.07961,4e-05,0.05602000000000001,0.0,0.03331, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS,GW/yr,0.0792,3e-05,0.05601,0.0,0.03331, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Coal,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Coal|Hard Coal,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Coal|Lignite,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas,GW/yr,0.30854,9.35764,1e-05,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas|CC,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas|OC,GW/yr,0.008150000000000001,1.33363,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas|w/ CCS,GW/yr,0.00236,8e-05,1e-05,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas|w/o CCS,GW/yr,0.30618,9.35756,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Hydro,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Hydrogen,GW/yr,0.00135,0.00061,27.00379,26.40129,0.96267, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Hydrogen|CC,GW/yr,0.0,0.00019,6.41284,10.33137,0.19896, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Hydrogen|FC,GW/yr,0.00135,4e-05,1e-05,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Hydrogen|OC,GW/yr,0.0,0.00038,20.59095,16.06992,0.7637100000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Nuclear,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Oil,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Solar,GW/yr,56.445,125.05719,126.00005,91.07273,60.25111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Solar|PV,GW/yr,56.445,125.05719,126.00005,91.07273,60.25111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Solar|PV|Open Field,GW/yr,56.32051,0.00161,91.46347,91.0727,60.25109, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Solar|PV|Rooftop,GW/yr,0.12449,125.05558,34.53658,2e-05,2e-05, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Converter,GW/yr,0.10385,4.12333,27.37021,20.05696,27.36914, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Converter|Hydro Dam Reservoir,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Converter|Pump Hydro,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Converter|Stationary Batteries,GW/yr,0.10385,4.12333,27.37021,20.05696,27.36914, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Converter|Vehicles,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Reservoir,GWh/yr,0.266,36.33027,241.21227,140.45009,0.00194, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Hydro Dam Reservoir,GWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Pump Hydro,GWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Stationary Batteries,GWh/yr,0.266,36.33027,241.21227,140.45009,0.00194, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Vehicles,GWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Wind,GW/yr,18.09897,66.43842,65.28696,36.8871,25.6771, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Wind|Offshore,GW/yr,3.513,18.00075,20.70005,15.08,8.203, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Wind|Onshore,GW/yr,14.58598,48.43767,44.58691,21.8071,17.47409, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Gases,GW/yr,1.61928,0.66798,1.57233,0.13608,1.35598, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Gases|Biomass,GW/yr,1.61574,0.6678900000000001,1.57232,0.13607,1.35598, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Gases|Hydrogen,GW/yr,0.00355,8e-05,2e-05,1e-05,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat,GW/yr,7.98571,30.8939,18.85856,12.61186,4.53849, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Biomass,GW/yr,0.24406,0.00013,0.17213,1e-05,0.10356, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Biomass|w/ CCS,GW/yr,0.00153,4e-05,1e-05,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Biomass|w/o CCS,GW/yr,0.24254,9e-05,0.17213,1e-05,0.10355, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Gas,GW/yr,3.83939,8.15514,0.00014,6.000000000000001e-05,0.52676, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Heat pump,GW/yr,0.00215,0.26008,2.74241,1.08331,0.4234, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Oil,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Resistive heater,GW/yr,0.38983,22.20053,8.62223,0.02257,2e-05, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Solar thermal,GW/yr,3.4966,0.00019,3e-05,1e-05,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Storage Converter,GW/yr,16.05302,26.14593,29.2871,31.04575,30.09032, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Storage Reservoir,GWh/yr,192.3942,969.37061,3173.40222,154.67983,5.66212, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen,GW/yr,0.62592,4.56656,8.27678,16.32842,6.23777, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Electricity,GW/yr,0.00155,5.0,12.98519,24.99757,9.22337, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Gas,GW/yr,0.6250100000000001,1.45806,2e-05,1e-05,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Gas|w/ CCS,GW/yr,0.009940000000000001,0.00128,1e-05,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Gas|w/o CCS,GW/yr,0.61507,1.45678,1e-05,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Liquids,GW/yr,0.1402,0.00082,5.92551,0.00217,0.13677, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Liquids|Biomass,GW/yr,0.00191,4e-05,1e-05,1e-05,0.13675, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Liquids|Hydrogen,GW/yr,0.13829,0.00078,5.9255,0.00216,2e-05, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Methanol,GW/yr,0.13524,0.00064,4.12953,4e-05,1e-05, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Decentral Heat|Solar thermal,GW,0.04203,0.00048,7.000000000000001e-05,2e-05,1e-05, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity,GW,265.39446,451.75914,645.94539,763.09966,810.46412, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Biomass,GW,12.86559,10.81284,5.3825,0.77885,0.16677, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Biomass|Gases and Liquids,GW,5.68379,5.16322,1.77554,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Biomass|Solids,GW,7.18179,5.649620000000001,3.60697,0.77885,0.16677, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS,GW,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS,GW,12.86518,10.81283,5.3825,0.77885,0.16677, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Coal,GW,26.39452,20.52458,17.45564,0.29751,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Coal|Hard Coal,GW,5.70061,5.24333,3.92083,0.29567,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Coal|Lignite,GW,20.69391,15.28125,13.53481,0.00184,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas,GW,29.45716,38.48194,27.3034,22.81499,18.80331, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas|CC,GW,9.597,9.597,8.978,7.92069,6.57107, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas|OC,GW,0.03146,1.35694,0.02331,0.02331,0.02331, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas|w/ CCS,GW,0.00236,8e-05,1e-05,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas|w/o CCS,GW,29.45481,38.48187,27.3034,22.81499,18.80331, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Hydro,GW,3.06098,3.06098,3.06098,3.06098,3.06098, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Hydrogen,GW,0.00135,0.00061,35.21705,61.61726,62.57975, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Hydrogen|CC,GW,0.0,0.00019,13.45792,23.7892,23.98814, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Hydrogen|FC,GW,0.00135,4e-05,1e-05,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Hydrogen|OC,GW,0.0,0.00038,21.75912,37.82806,38.59161, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Non-Renewable Waste,GW,1.68682,1.68558,1.68513,1.68623,0.8178700000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Nuclear,GW,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Oil,GW,1.62806,1.55812,1.07462,0.7163200000000001,0.6051500000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar,GW,110.0,234.99981,360.99799,450.12752,494.4303, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar|PV,GW,110.0,234.99981,360.99799,450.12752,494.4303, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar|PV|Open Field,GW,109.87551,109.84143,201.30328,290.43281,334.73558, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar|PV|Rooftop,GW,0.12449,125.15838,159.69471,159.69471,159.69471, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Converter,GW,7.91957,11.97747,39.3008,55.22553,55.22653, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Converter|Hydro Dam Reservoir,GW,0.2895,0.2895,0.2895,0.2895,0.2895, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Converter|Pump Hydro,GW,7.52622,7.52622,7.52622,7.52622,7.52622, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Converter|Stationary Batteries,GW,0.10385,4.16175,31.48508,47.40981,47.41081, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Converter|Vehicles,GW,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Reservoir,GWh,340.13731,734.21375,1154.31576,1592.98058,1771.91192, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Hydro Dam Reservoir,GWh,300.0,300.0,300.0,300.0,300.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Pump Hydro,GWh,39.87131,39.87131,39.87131,39.87131,39.87131, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Stationary Batteries,GWh,0.266,36.47261,277.63971,418.07967,418.07609, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Vehicles,GWh,0.0,357.86983,536.80474,835.0296,1013.96451, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Wind,GW,80.29999,140.63468,193.76807,222.0,230.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Wind|Offshore,GW,11.3,29.3,50.0,65.0,70.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Wind|Onshore,GW,68.99999,111.33468,143.76807,157.0,160.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Gases,GW,1.94933,2.57668,4.12466,3.92824,3.63188, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Gases|Biomass,GW,1.94578,2.5766,4.12464,3.92823,3.63187, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Gases|Hydrogen,GW,0.00355,8e-05,2e-05,1e-05,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat,GW,77.94578,101.57,105.26645,103.55254,91.7802, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Biomass,GW,28.05942,22.23579,10.02141,1.58422,0.51285, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Biomass|w/ CCS,GW,0.00153,4e-05,1e-05,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Biomass|w/o CCS,GW,28.05789,22.23576,10.02141,1.58421,0.5128400000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Gas,GW,39.60177,46.46897,35.68424,29.8188,25.34491, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Heat pump,GW,0.00215,0.26008,2.99446,4.07777,4.48055, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Oil,GW,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Resistive heater,GW,0.38983,22.47697,31.0992,31.12148,30.84482, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Solar thermal,GW,3.4966,3.46543,3.46527,3.46526,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Storage Converter,GW,16.05302,26.14593,29.2871,31.04575,30.09032, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Storage Reservoir,GWh,301.62849,1270.9991,4444.36857,4489.81106,4471.65669, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen,GW,3.18316,7.72606,15.98566,32.31386,38.55159, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Electricity,GW,0.00155,5.0,17.96466,42.96192,52.18525, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Gas,GW,3.18225,4.61756,4.61316,4.61315,4.61314, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Gas|w/ CCS,GW,0.7324200000000001,0.7237600000000001,0.7224900000000001,0.7224900000000001,0.7224900000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Gas|w/o CCS,GW,2.44983,3.8938,3.89067,3.89066,3.89065, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Reservoir,GWh,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Liquids,GW,0.91534,0.8798800000000001,6.80457,6.02924,6.05992, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Liquids|Biomass,GW,0.00191,4e-05,1e-05,1e-05,0.13675, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Liquids|Hydrogen,GW,0.9134300000000001,0.8798400000000001,6.80456,6.02923,5.92317, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Methanol,GW,0.9103800000000001,0.8797,5.00859,4.23321,4.12926, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Carbon Intensity|Electricity,g CO2/kWh,228.1392765033359,36.17401918499481,9.236026587727475,3.578902675923449,1.617210977984361, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Carbon Intensity|EndUse,g CO2/kWh,210.7256445627839,194.6389770999198,145.5190579100968,44.37721379318744,-28.63980235826936, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Carbon Sequestration,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,2.17054,2.4618,26.92309,35.99153, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Carbon Sequestration|BECCS,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.05183,0.33115,20.15365,23.89142, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Carbon Sequestration|DACCS,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0001,1e-05,2e-05,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Carbon Sequestration|Other,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,2.11861,2.13063,6.76943,12.10011, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Cost|Total Energy System Cost,billion EUR2020/yr,57.4865,83.3263,116.5571,132.3975,133.193, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2,Mt CO2/yr,584.61973,384.91672,198.1852,89.58436,2.60564, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy,Mt CO2/yr,501.37493,307.14274,141.50616,46.62829,-7.84132, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy and Industrial Processes,Mt CO2/yr,545.48702,344.71859,160.27904,53.63139,-3.03595, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy incl Bunkers,Mt CO2/yr,535.34519,343.23032,177.13746,81.64408,-2.88639, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy incl Bunkers|Demand,Mt CO2/yr,340.00822,256.98687,141.76664,60.99638,-6.32523, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand,Mt CO2/yr,306.03795,220.89929,106.13534,25.98059,-11.28016, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers,Mt CO2/yr,33.97027,36.08758,35.63129,35.01579,4.95493, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers|Aviation,Mt CO2/yr,30.59234,33.27681,33.63515,33.8275,4.86082, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers|Navigation,Mt CO2/yr,3.37793,2.81076,1.99615,1.18829,0.09411000000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry,Mt CO2/yr,87.61054,69.54145,44.38759,2.9503,-12.6636, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Other Sector,Mt CO2/yr,3.23986,3.27356,3.25475,3.22921,0.5114700000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Residential and Commercial,Mt CO2/yr,89.74016,60.85906,13.66097,2.42087,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation,Mt CO2/yr,125.44739,87.22522,44.83204,17.3802,0.8719800000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|Domestic Aviation,Mt CO2/yr,2.8468,3.0966,3.12995,3.14785,0.45233, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|Domestic Navigation,Mt CO2/yr,0.6686000000000001,0.5563400000000001,0.3951,0.2352,0.01863, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2/yr,195.33697,86.24345,35.37082,20.6477,3.43884, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Electricity,Mt CO2/yr,128.16252,26.73855,8.9499,4.10493,1.98356, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Electricity and Heat,Mt CO2/yr,158.6332,53.71852,22.70541,13.66425,3.73958, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Heat,Mt CO2/yr,30.47067,26.97997,13.7555,9.55931,1.75602, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Hydrogen,Mt CO2/yr,6.41901,8.99235,0.04112,0.01996,0.04401, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Industrial Processes,Mt CO2/yr,44.1121,37.57585,18.77288,7.0031,4.80537, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Industry,Mt CO2/yr,131.72264,107.1173,63.16047,9.95341,-7.85823, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Industry + Processes,Mt CO2/yr,131.72264,107.1173,63.16047,9.9534,-7.858230000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Supply|Non-Renewable Waste,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy,Mt CO2/yr,282.94752,155.83672,80.08956,43.75165,14.66666, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry,Mt CO2/yr,87.61054,69.57671,44.41946,22.63811,9.43023, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2/yr,195.33697,86.26001,35.6701,21.11354,5.23642, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Electricity,Mt CO2/yr,128.16252,26.73856,8.94991,4.10493,1.98356, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Gases,Mt CO2/yr,6.47187,5.31746,2.26959,1.08085,0.5624, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Heat,Mt CO2/yr,30.47067,26.98002,13.75551,9.55932,1.75602, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Hydrogen,Mt CO2/yr,6.41901,8.99235,0.04112,0.01996,0.04401, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Liquids,Mt CO2/yr,13.00993,10.25671,6.37191,4.56233,0.5423, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Solids,Mt CO2/yr,10.80297,7.97491,4.28207,1.78614,0.3481300000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy,TWh/yr,2137.090086111111,1944.214227777778,1665.98575,1537.765388888889,1476.009958333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy incl Non-Energy Use incl Bunkers,TWh/yr,2517.000286111111,2306.915061111111,2003.239522222222,1849.444511111111,1747.855561111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Agriculture,TWh/yr,42.52508333333333,42.52508333333333,42.52508333333333,42.52508333333333,42.52508333333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Agriculture|Electricity,TWh/yr,3.721966666666666,3.721966666666666,3.721966666666666,3.721966666666666,3.721966666666666, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Agriculture|Heat,TWh/yr,25.83699722222222,25.83699722222222,25.83699722222222,25.83699722222222,25.83699722222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Agriculture|Liquids,TWh/yr,12.96611944444444,12.96611944444444,12.96611944444444,12.96611944444444,12.96611944444444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers,TWh/yr,138.0255388888889,147.0867,148.8612888888889,150.2784111111111,137.3665333333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation,TWh/yr,122.4323833333333,131.8047166666667,133.9942,135.8262166666667,123.2255111111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids,TWh/yr,122.4323833333333,131.8047166666667,133.9942,135.8262166666667,123.2255111111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,3.441505555555555,2.373283333333333,1.666666666666667e-05,0.0001388888888888889,33.04598888888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0008472222222222223,3.055555555555555e-05,3.169036111111111,4.252752777777777,71.27316666666665, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,118.9900277777778,129.4314027777778,130.8251472222222,131.5733277777778,18.90635555555556, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Liquids,TWh/yr,138.0255388888889,147.0867,148.8612888888889,150.2784111111111,137.3665333333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation,TWh/yr,15.59315555555555,15.28198333333333,14.86708888888889,14.45219444444444,14.14102222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids,TWh/yr,15.59315555555555,15.28198333333333,14.86708888888889,14.45219444444444,14.14102222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.3800027777777777,0.2004611111111111,0.0,5.555555555555556e-06,0.6397722222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,2.074572222222222,4.148958333333333,7.102997222222221,9.83028611111111,13.13522222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,13.13858333333333,10.93256388888889,7.764088888888889,4.621902777777778,0.3660277777777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Methanol,TWh/yr,2.074477777777778,4.148955555555555,6.914925,9.680894444444444,11.75537222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Carbon Dioxide Removal,TWh/yr,0.005788888888888889,0.0002222222222222222,3.055555555555555e-05,3.611111111111111e-05,5.555555555555556e-06, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Carbon Dioxide Removal|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.001633333333333333,6.111111111111111e-05,8.333333333333334e-06,1.111111111111111e-05,2.777777777777778e-06, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Carbon Dioxide Removal|Heat,TWh/yr,0.004155555555555556,0.0001583333333333334,2.222222222222222e-05,2.5e-05,5.555555555555556e-06, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Electricity,TWh/yr,531.7594694444444,659.0065805555556,795.5469333333333,867.3352472222223,908.9956, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases,TWh/yr,499.2784638888889,368.8997388888889,205.7388805555556,102.283,52.16567222222223, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,10.47321111111111,10.59280555555555,20.48670555555556,19.79747222222222,19.53031388888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.00896111111111111,0.0002083333333333333,5e-05,2.222222222222222e-05,2.777777777777778e-06, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,488.7962916666666,358.3067333333333,185.2521277777778,82.48550555555555,32.63535555555556, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Heat,TWh/yr,168.4001888888889,167.1082138888889,163.4482555555556,157.7487916666667,155.2929444444445, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,6.033569444444444,31.29141944444444,74.59176111111111,125.4638972222222,151.1642666666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry,TWh/yr,895.9398972222222,871.729736111111,824.2931638888889,790.079575,767.5517416666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use,TWh/yr,654.0552333333334,656.1156055555556,635.9006777777778,628.6788638888889,633.0726722222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Electricity,TWh/yr,238.89,280.88,317.46,351.97,384.91, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases,TWh/yr,217.7545472222222,179.1616194444444,129.114075,87.12183333333333,52.16567222222223, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,4.567769444444444,5.144552777777777,12.85669444444444,16.86293888888889,19.53031388888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.003908333333333333,0.0001,3.055555555555555e-05,1.944444444444445e-05,2.777777777777778e-06, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,213.1828694444445,174.0169694444444,116.25735,70.258875,32.63535555555556, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Heat,TWh/yr,47.53,39.91,31.41,23.5,16.12, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,4.808280555555555,28.0336,56.41480833333333,83.42100277777777,109.2911472222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids,TWh/yr,27.62250833333333,21.79065,15.59863055555556,9.426452777777778,3.134111111111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.7764527777777778,0.3923638888888888,2.777777777777778e-06,8.333333333333334e-06,0.8404888888888888, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0001916666666666667,5.555555555555556e-06,0.3689166666666667,0.2951444444444444,1.812758333333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,26.84586388888889,21.39828055555556,15.22971388888889,9.131297222222221,0.4808638888888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids,TWh/yr,117.4498972222222,106.3397361111111,85.9031638888889,73.23957499999999,67.45174166666666, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,48.13,54.43,57.69,61.4,65.38, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,69.31989722222222,51.90973611111111,28.21316388888889,11.839575,2.071741666666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Electricity,TWh/yr,238.89,280.88,317.46,351.97,384.91, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases,TWh/yr,290.97,240.71,178.38,124.99,79.46, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,6.103588888888888,6.911888888888889,17.76241111111111,24.19254444444444,29.74904166666666, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.005222222222222223,0.0001361111111111111,4.166666666666667e-05,2.777777777777778e-05,5.555555555555556e-06, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,284.8611888888889,233.7979805555555,160.6175472222222,100.7974277777778,49.71095277777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Heat,TWh/yr,47.53,39.91,31.41,23.5,16.12, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,15.64,39.2,68.22999999999999,95.88,122.29, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids,TWh/yr,185.46,164.69,142.91,120.5,97.32, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,5.213177777777778,2.965419444444444,1.666666666666667e-05,0.0001222222222222222,26.09878055555556, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.001283333333333333,3.611111111111111e-05,3.3799,3.772883333333334,56.28951666666666, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,180.2455388888889,161.7245444444444,139.5300833333333,116.7269944444444,14.9317, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids,TWh/yr,117.4498972222222,106.3397361111111,85.9031638888889,73.23957499999999,67.45174166666666, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,48.13,54.43,57.69,61.4,65.38, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,69.31989722222222,51.90973611111111,28.21316388888889,11.839575,2.071741666666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids,TWh/yr,683.7945555555556,477.5895027777778,208.5333222222222,94.09475277777777,40.53225555555556, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,19.22108611111111,8.599505555555556,2.5e-05,9.722222222222222e-05,10.86973333333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.004736111111111111,0.0001055555555555556,4.931927777777778,2.946130555555556,23.44370277777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,664.5687333333333,468.9898888888889,203.6013722222222,91.14852777777777,6.218819444444445, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use,TWh/yr,241.8846638888889,215.6141305555556,188.3924833333333,161.4007111111111,134.4790694444444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Gases,TWh/yr,73.21545277777777,61.54838055555555,49.265925,37.86816666666667,27.29432777777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,1.535816666666667,1.767336111111111,4.905716666666667,7.329605555555555,10.21872777777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.001313888888888889,3.611111111111111e-05,1.111111111111111e-05,8.333333333333334e-06,2.777777777777778e-06, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,71.67831944444444,59.78101111111111,44.36019722222222,30.53855277777778,17.0756, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,10.83171944444445,11.1664,11.81519166666667,12.45899722222222,12.99885277777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Liquids,TWh/yr,157.8374916666667,142.89935,127.3113694444444,111.0735472222222,94.1858888888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,4.436725,2.573055555555555,1.388888888888889e-05,0.0001138888888888889,25.25829166666666, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.001091666666666667,3.055555555555555e-05,3.010983333333333,3.477738888888889,54.47675833333334, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,153.399675,140.3262638888889,124.3003694444444,107.5956944444444,14.45083888888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Solids,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial,TWh/yr,902.9268694444444,808.7874027777777,649.1284277777778,585.5165916666667,554.6445, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Electricity,TWh/yr,255.2526888888889,287.1843305555555,334.0789527777778,344.3435305555556,340.9010777777777, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Electricity|Heat Pumps,TWh/yr,19.78235833333333,40.61216388888889,87.80740833333333,93.67568333333334,89.69799722222221, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases,TWh/yr,281.5239166666667,189.7381194444444,76.62480555555557,15.16116666666667,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,5.905441666666666,5.448252777777778,7.63001111111111,2.934533333333333,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.005052777777777778,0.0001083333333333333,1.944444444444445e-05,2.777777777777778e-06,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,275.6134222222222,184.2897638888889,68.99477777777778,12.22663055555556,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Heat,TWh/yr,95.02903888888888,101.3610583333333,106.2012361111111,108.4117666666667,113.3359444444445, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids,TWh/yr,140.7472888888889,96.52485833333333,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,3.956327777777778,1.738033333333333,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.000975,2.222222222222222e-05,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,136.7899861111111,94.78680277777777,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Solids,TWh/yr,130.3739388888889,133.9790361111111,132.2234333333333,117.6001277777778,100.4074805555556, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,130.3739388888889,133.9790361111111,132.2234333333333,117.6001277777778,100.4074805555556, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space and Water Heating,TWh/yr,675.8318972222222,581.6924305555555,422.0334555555555,358.4216194444444,327.5495277777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Solids,TWh/yr,247.8238361111111,240.3187722222222,218.1265944444444,190.8397027777778,167.8592222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,178.5039388888889,188.4090361111111,189.9134333333333,179.0001277777777,165.7874805555556, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,69.31989722222222,51.90973611111111,28.21316388888889,11.839575,2.071741666666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation,TWh/yr,537.5771111111111,436.7859166666667,338.4315305555555,281.0448166666667,245.7676972222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation,TWh/yr,11.39305,12.2652,12.46894444444444,12.63942222222222,11.46685555555555, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Liquids,TWh/yr,11.39305,12.2652,12.46894444444444,12.63942222222222,11.46685555555555, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation,TWh/yr,2.675783333333333,2.203586111111111,1.573988888888889,0.9443944444444444,0.4721972222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Liquids,TWh/yr,2.675783333333333,2.203586111111111,1.573988888888889,0.9443944444444444,0.4721972222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Electricity,TWh/yr,33.89318333333333,87.22022222222222,140.2860055555556,167.2997416666667,179.4625555555556, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,1.225288888888889,3.257819444444444,18.17695277777777,42.04289444444444,41.87311666666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids,TWh/yr,502.4586388888889,346.307875,179.9685722222222,71.70218055555556,24.432025, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,14.12383611111111,6.235641666666666,2.222222222222222e-05,7.222222222222222e-05,6.552055555555555, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.4140861111111111,0.821288888888889,5.625041666666667,4.161175,16.45815833333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,488.331325,340.0721583333333,175.7121944444444,69.45709444444444,3.748577777777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Methanol,TWh/yr,0.4106055555555556,0.8212111111111111,1.368686111111111,1.916161111111111,2.326766666666666, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Waste,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity,billion EUR2020/yr,38.30167,57.12746,43.89221,24.94834,8.80945, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Biomass,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0295,0.0195,0.0195,0.0115,0.0115, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,0.029,0.0195,0.0195,0.0115,0.0115, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Coal,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,3.76611,8.35862,7.01654,2.19097,0.4488200000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Electricity Storage,billion EUR2020/yr,0.553,3.558,4.409,1.397,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Gas,billion EUR2020/yr,0.556,0.537,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Gas|w/ CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0005,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Gas|w/o CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,0.5555,0.537,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Hydro,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Hydrogen,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,1.309,2.6195,1.3555,0.045, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Nuclear,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Oil,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Solar,billion EUR2020/yr,12.1955,15.652,11.1325,7.0115,2.7405, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Transmission,billion EUR2020/yr,9.69922,12.559,8.89582,4.9562,1.17964, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Transmission and Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,13.46533,20.91762,15.91236,7.14717,1.62845, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Transmission|AC,billion EUR2020/yr,2.476,4.03828,4.1615,2.17491,0.4265700000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Transmission|DC,billion EUR2020/yr,7.22322,8.52072,4.73433,2.78129,0.75307, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Wind,billion EUR2020/yr,12.39,19.0285,14.5435,8.74,3.5345, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Wind Offshore,billion EUR2020/yr,3.6495,6.386,5.714,3.622,1.266, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Wind Onshore,billion EUR2020/yr,8.7405,12.642,8.829,5.118,2.2685, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Energiewende,billion EUR2020/yr,41.19897,66.29364000000001,55.58653,30.46279,9.249379999999999, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat,billion EUR2020/yr,0.3025,1.182,1.314,0.5025000000000001,0.144, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat|Heatpump,billion EUR2020/yr,0.08600000000000001,0.986,1.2595,0.4995,0.141, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat|Renewable,billion EUR2020/yr,0.281,1.1815,1.314,0.4995,0.141, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat|Solarthermal,billion EUR2020/yr,0.052,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen,billion EUR2020/yr,1.86014,3.80102,5.24667,4.25112,1.09893, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen|Electrolysis,billion EUR2020/yr,0.7505000000000001,2.503,4.7525,4.014,1.0145, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen|Fossil,billion EUR2020/yr,0.143,0.1,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen|Storage,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen|Transmission,billion EUR2020/yr,0.96664,1.19802,0.4941700000000001,0.23712,0.08443, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen|Transmission and Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,0.96664,1.19802,0.4941700000000001,0.23712,0.08443, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Liquids,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0115,0.3895,0.3895,0.0495,0.0495, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Liquids|Biomass,billion EUR2020/yr,0.001,0.0,0.0,0.0495,0.0495, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Liquids|Hydrogen,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0105,0.3895,0.3895,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Price|Carbon,EUR2020/t CO2,80.06447,169.65749,500.62911,545.38408,366.20981, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Price|Carbon|National Climate Target,EUR2020/t CO2,63.00105,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.03744, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Price|Primary Energy|Biomass,EUR2020/GJ,14.51568,18.86392,27.4328,26.44364,19.56747, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Price|Primary Energy|Coal,EUR2020/GJ,10.30663,17.60681,48.60279,52.69284,36.03439, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Price|Primary Energy|Gas,EUR2020/GJ,16.16689,16.17811,35.1691,37.79105,27.58391, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Price|Primary Energy|Oil,EUR2020/GJ,14.88375,22.90295,46.46823,49.60684,36.73888, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Price|Secondary Energy|Electricity,EUR2020/GJ,28.76337,22.35663,24.54207,21.78191,20.23347, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Price|Secondary Energy|Hydrogen,EUR2020/GJ,21.59802,27.19528,33.73313,32.17837,32.27062, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy,TWh/yr,2932.122038888889,2514.595066666667,2044.820969444444,1890.055166666667,1558.521113888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass,TWh/yr,319.2055805555556,243.92015,234.5949055555556,220.3448833333333,208.8715027777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Electricity,TWh/yr,64.74111944444444,15.41251388888889,6.368119444444444,1.09805,0.3183111111111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Gases,TWh/yr,16.80646666666667,19.06901666666667,30.42396388888889,31.44514444444444,31.75660833333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Heat,TWh/yr,31.64154722222222,7.279558333333334,7.87426111111111,1.979116666666667,0.9800222222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Liquids,TWh/yr,27.49973611111111,13.73778333333333,7.222222222222222e-05,0.000225,2.764638888888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.4659222222222222,0.3640138888888889,6.157674999999999,75.41948611111111,93.63525, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,291.2651138888889,229.8188611111111,228.4372305555555,144.9253972222222,115.2362527777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal,TWh/yr,388.9223305555556,105.430275,53.06107777777778,21.12941111111111,3.865780555555555, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Electricity,TWh/yr,247.3038194444445,8.451130555555556,2.407172222222222,0.03723611111111111,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Hard Coal,TWh/yr,47.50549444444444,8.734505555555556,1.056608333333333,0.08509166666666666,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Heat,TWh/yr,16.62639444444444,3.971363888888889,0.3734472222222223,0.04785555555555555,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Lignite,TWh/yr,216.4247194444445,3.687988888888889,1.724008333333333,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Fossil,TWh/yr,2206.84145,1565.804438888889,829.7727166666666,508.5492722222222,116.5921027777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas,TWh/yr,817.1551916666667,671.3961694444445,286.5648277777778,136.471525,71.01061666666666, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Electricity,TWh/yr,138.8497666666667,107.9499444444444,28.07779444444444,9.927316666666666,10.09454722222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Gases,TWh/yr,583.8337333333334,435.5082944444445,239.1795166666666,119.7293777777778,52.76575555555555, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Heat,TWh/yr,60.70165555555555,73.32754722222222,19.09043333333333,6.685611111111111,7.870747222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,33.77003611111111,54.61038055555556,0.2170861111111111,0.1292194444444444,0.2795666666666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Hydro,TWh/yr,19.750825,24.39656388888889,23.22936388888889,22.21168333333333,21.756, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Nuclear,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Oil,TWh/yr,1000.763927777778,788.9779972222223,490.1468111111111,350.9483361111111,41.71570833333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Oil|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.2168138888888889,0.1397944444444444,0.1633666666666667,0.07836111111111112,0.01153333333333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Oil|Heat,TWh/yr,0.271225,0.08184444444444444,0.05610555555555555,0.04771666666666666,0.01095, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Oil|Liquids,TWh/yr,1000.275888888889,788.7563583333333,489.9273388888889,350.8222583333333,41.69322222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Solar,TWh/yr,121.2336583333333,239.8419472222222,360.315025,445.5939944444444,489.2067888888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Waste,TWh/yr,66.14894166666666,58.40590833333333,50.31653333333333,42.00163888888889,33.41675555555555, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Waste|Electricity,TWh/yr,13.84521944444444,12.22463333333333,10.53148888888889,8.791625,7.334716666666666, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Waste|Heat,TWh/yr,52.30372222222222,46.18127222222222,39.78504444444444,33.21001388888889,26.08203611111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Wind,TWh/yr,198.9415805555556,382.2260583333333,546.5924249999999,651.3536944444445,688.6779638888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Production|Non-Metallic Minerals|Cement,Mt/yr,31.27762,35.4432,36.36871,37.54664,38.72457, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Production|Steel,Mt/yr,38.18185,43.05448,44.22145,45.57334,47.96085, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Production|Steel|Primary,Mt/yr,26.9182,29.83245,29.15078,28.55625,29.00192, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Production|Steel|Secondary,Mt/yr,11.26365,13.22203,15.07067,17.01708,18.95892, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy,TWh/yr,2591.329516666667,2419.126361111111,2026.906202777778,2003.544072222222,1757.510752777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Electricity|Heat,TWh/yr,0.1278472222222222,25.73669444444445,53.68379444444444,51.72895277777778,47.61518055555555, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Electricity|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.005480555555555555,12.44961388888889,89.26655555555556,235.3770888888889,306.7052694444444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Electricity|Liquids,TWh/yr,2.074511111111111,1.347430555555555,9.245472222222222,8.212058333333333,7.827425, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Hydrogen|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.007494444444444444,0.0006611111111111111,13.68280833333333,23.61870277777778,19.61214722222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Hydrogen|Gases,TWh/yr,0.02046388888888889,0.0004694444444444445,9.166666666666667e-05,4.444444444444445e-05,8.333333333333334e-06, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Hydrogen|Heat,TWh/yr,0.0,0.00015,6.497741666666666,15.46181388888889,10.81921111111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Hydrogen|Liquids,TWh/yr,8.724075,5.659694444444445,54.52272222222222,49.48551666666667,38.12788055555556, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity,TWh/yr,561.77315,739.1644777777777,969.0205972222222,1146.980058333333,1226.531372222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Biomass,TWh/yr,31.61045833333333,7.383652777777778,5.252466666666667,1.025275,0.3483777777777777, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Biomass|Gaseous and Liquid,TWh/yr,11.15445555555555,2.709177777777778,0.1637416666666667,,, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Biomass|Solid,TWh/yr,20.45600555555556,4.674474999999999,5.088725,1.025275,0.3483777777777777, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.002313888888888889,5.555555555555556e-05,5.555555555555556e-06,2.777777777777778e-06,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,31.60814444444445,7.3836,5.252461111111111,1.025269444444444,0.3483777777777777, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Coal,TWh/yr,90.05233055555556,5.016372222222222,1.011638888888889,0.03933611111111111,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Coal|Hard Coal,TWh/yr,18.89131666666667,3.798113888888889,0.4415333333333333,0.03933611111111111,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Coal|Lignite,TWh/yr,71.16101388888889,1.218255555555556,0.5701055555555555,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Curtailment,TWh/yr,68.09270555555555,77.34956944444446,79.43812777777778,78.7009,74.84475, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Fossil,TWh/yr,180.9567416666667,82.30918333333334,22.89267222222222,8.708658333333332,11.59414722222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas,TWh/yr,90.74019444444444,77.22185277777778,21.81153888888889,8.6318,11.55365833333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Hydro,TWh/yr,17.01684444444444,16.93380555555555,16.97358611111111,16.98218055555555,17.00038333333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.003747222222222222,0.0003527777777777778,8.1599,16.15254722222222,12.53916111111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Non-Biomass Renewables,TWh/yr,335.8332111111111,637.6671305555556,922.5463,1112.604227777778,1194.885133333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Nuclear,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Oil,TWh/yr,0.1642166666666667,0.07096111111111111,0.06949722222222222,0.03752222222222222,0.04048888888888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Solar,TWh/yr,119.8747833333333,238.5072638888889,358.9802861111111,444.2683527777777,489.2067861111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Storage Losses,TWh/yr,0.925975,2.930086111111111,5.025886111111111,5.904366666666666,5.795744444444444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Waste,TWh/yr,13.36898888888889,11.80415833333333,10.16925833333333,8.48935,7.164552777777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Wind,TWh/yr,198.9415805555556,382.2260583333333,546.5924249999999,651.3536944444445,688.6779638888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Wind|Offshore,TWh/yr,47.47567222222222,134.0351583333333,233.8548916666667,307.6140222222222,333.8022444444444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Wind|Onshore,TWh/yr,151.4659083333333,248.1909,312.7375333333333,343.7396694444444,354.8757222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases,TWh/yr,801.2918166666667,663.6097138888889,305.5262722222222,162.4578444444444,99.92680833333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,16.80646666666667,19.06901666666667,30.42396388888889,31.44514444444444,31.75660833333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.01637222222222223,0.000375,7.222222222222222e-05,3.611111111111111e-05,8.333333333333334e-06, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,784.4689805555555,644.5403222222221,275.1022361111111,131.0126638888889,68.17019166666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat,TWh/yr,154.135725,152.9792333333333,159.4002388888889,157.0052722222222,155.1959083333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Biomass,TWh/yr,28.28385277777778,6.623366666666667,7.123697222222222,1.914277777777778,1.072588888888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Coal,TWh/yr,15.84042777777778,4.034563888888889,0.3607861111111111,0.05055555555555555,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.1435,28.36738611111111,81.29056388888888,88.07586666666667,92.51499444444445, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Electricity|Heat Pumps,TWh/yr,0.02547777777777778,4.300413888888889,41.83652777777778,54.13591944444444,65.56328888888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Electricity|Resistive,TWh/yr,0.1180222222222222,24.06697222222222,39.45403611111111,33.93994444444444,26.95170555555556, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Gas,TWh/yr,57.59674722222222,67.14976666666666,19.170025,7.657686111111111,11.67475833333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0001222222222222222,5.275683333333333,12.82650277777778,8.948869444444444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Oil,TWh/yr,0.2271416666666667,0.07282777777777778,0.05638055555555556,0.05019444444444444,0.07335, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Other,TWh/yr,0.1941055555555556,0.803825,6.371761111111111,13.03640555555556,15.43441388888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Solar,TWh/yr,1.345311111111111,1.334552777777778,1.334722222222222,1.325636111111111,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Waste,TWh/yr,50.50463888888888,44.592825,38.41661944444444,32.06814722222222,25.47693333333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,24.53014722222222,48.118475,56.71901111111112,152.1885388888889,200.3194666666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.003219444444444444,7.739924999999999,56.54320833333333,152.0743361111111,200.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Gas,TWh/yr,24.52692777777778,40.37855,0.1758055555555555,0.1142027777777778,0.3194666666666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Other,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids,TWh/yr,985.3087805555555,767.794725,510.7569222222222,374.2827833333333,73.46545555555555, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,27.48378333333333,13.73746666666667,2.777777777777778e-05,9.444444444444444e-05,1.197916666666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Fossil,TWh/yr,950.1613166666666,749.0841277777778,465.3630361111111,333.2029916666667,39.60639444444445, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,7.663680555555556,4.973130555555556,45.39385555555555,41.07969722222222,32.66114166666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Oil,TWh/yr,950.1613166666666,749.0841277777778,465.3630361111111,333.2029916666667,39.60639444444445, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Methanol,TWh/yr,7.656397222222222,4.972961111111111,34.12226666666667,30.30824166666666,28.88868055555556, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Solids,TWh/yr,64.28989722222222,47.45973611111111,25.48316388888889,10.629575,2.071741666666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,178.5167111111111,188.4212777777778,189.9284888888889,185.8223472222222,173.0519222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,64.28989722222222,47.45973611111111,25.48316388888889,10.629575,2.071741666666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Trade|Primary Energy|Biomass|Volume,TWh/yr,-76.60321388888889,-43.76198888888889,-46.42763888888889,-38.68053611111111,-24.640025, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gross Import|Volume,TWh/yr,104.9604444444444,155.0166694444445,199.4215444444444,225.0750055555555,244.4340666666666, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Electricity|Volume,TWh/yr,3.558125,5.780988888888889,-23.38832222222222,-63.05956666666667,-92.83135833333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Gases|Biomass|Gross Import|Volume,TWh/yr,2.52505,0.03401944444444444,0.004213888888888889,0.001858333333333333,9.039405555555556, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Gases|Biomass|Volume,TWh/yr,-0.001986111111111111,0.01413888888888889,0.0008944444444444445,0.0005972222222222222,-9.03918611111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Gases|Hydrogen|Gross Import|Volume,TWh/yr,0.0004694444444444445,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Gases|Hydrogen|Volume,TWh/yr,0.001986111111111111,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Gross Import|Volume,TWh/yr,1.546836111111111,11.73140277777778,122.6518555555555,138.8276694444444,117.238175, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Volume,TWh/yr,-1.087172222222222,-0.0002972222222222222,-104.3913027777778,-74.30043333333333,-32.40289722222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Liquids|Biomass|Volume,TWh/yr,0.003672222222222223,-6.245097222222222,1.388888888888889e-05,-0.0002527777777777778,-66.09713055555555, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Liquids|Hydrogen|Gross Import|Volume,TWh/yr,1.176563888888889,6.258669444444445,0.006308333333333333,0.001952777777777778,145.5360194444444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Liquids|Hydrogen|Volume,TWh/yr,0.002066666666666667,-6.247225,38.89615833333333,24.22393611111111,-131.4346916666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity,GW/yr,74.94166,204.2372,227.93403,159.76229,43.19043, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Biomass,GW/yr,0.07865000000000001,4e-05,0.06515,1e-05,0.04369000000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS,GW/yr,0.07853,3e-05,0.06514,0.0,0.04369000000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Coal,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Coal|Hard Coal,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Coal|Lignite,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas,GW/yr,0.31676,10.61715,6.000000000000001e-05,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas|CC,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas|OC,GW/yr,0.00247,2.10047,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas|w/ CCS,GW/yr,0.00073,8e-05,6.000000000000001e-05,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas|w/o CCS,GW/yr,0.31603,10.61707,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Hydro,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Hydrogen,GW/yr,0.00039,0.00064,27.34235,28.42606,2.99665, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Hydrogen|CC,GW/yr,0.0,0.00019,7.53644,12.19033,1.03609, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Hydrogen|FC,GW/yr,0.00039,4e-05,6.000000000000001e-05,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Hydrogen|OC,GW/yr,0.0,0.00041,19.80584,16.23572,1.96056, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Nuclear,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Oil,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Solar,GW/yr,56.445,125.05482,136.54537,95.05941,19.43135, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Solar|PV,GW/yr,56.445,125.05482,136.54537,95.05941,19.43135, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Solar|PV|Open Field,GW/yr,56.35835,0.0017,101.97118,95.05939,19.43133, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Solar|PV|Rooftop,GW/yr,0.08665,125.05313,34.57419,2e-05,2e-05, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Converter,GW/yr,0.06573000000000001,3.85221,29.24975,20.23144,29.24267, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Converter|Hydro Dam Reservoir,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Converter|Pump Hydro,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Converter|Stationary Batteries,GW/yr,0.06573000000000001,3.85221,29.24975,20.23144,29.24267, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Converter|Vehicles,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Reservoir,GWh/yr,0.18512,33.9425,257.7778,144.33243,0.0005, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Hydro Dam Reservoir,GWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Pump Hydro,GWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Stationary Batteries,GWh/yr,0.18512,33.9425,257.7778,144.33243,0.0005, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Vehicles,GWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Wind,GW/yr,18.09896,68.56325,63.98022,36.27629,19.90086, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Wind|Offshore,GW/yr,3.513,18.00034,20.70005,15.08433,2.63417, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Wind|Onshore,GW/yr,14.58596,50.56291,43.28016,21.19196,17.26668, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Gases,GW/yr,1.39496,0.6339400000000001,1.76363,0.15135,1.19313, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Gases|Biomass,GW/yr,1.394,0.6338400000000001,1.76345,0.15134,1.19313, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Gases|Hydrogen,GW/yr,0.00095,0.0001,0.00018,1e-05,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat,GW/yr,7.59718,31.31818,20.34739,14.2861,4.5289, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Biomass,GW/yr,0.24094,0.00013,0.20021,2e-05,0.13584, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Biomass|w/ CCS,GW/yr,0.00046,4e-05,5e-05,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Biomass|w/o CCS,GW/yr,0.24048,9e-05,0.20017,1e-05,0.13584, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Gas,GW/yr,3.77929,8.658,0.00118,8e-05,0.09106, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Heat pump,GW/yr,0.0006500000000000001,0.19127,2.58521,0.7728200000000001,0.33475, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Oil,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Resistive heater,GW/yr,0.1908,22.19007,9.11806,0.28647,2e-05, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Solar thermal,GW/yr,3.37499,0.00021,0.00021,2e-05,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Storage Converter,GW/yr,16.31373,26.19271,29.05743,29.91962,29.75504, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Storage Reservoir,GWh/yr,186.20767,948.41598,3279.34789,157.09069,6.82815, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen,GW/yr,0.28171,3.85971,8.25693,14.46037,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Electricity,GW/yr,0.0004400000000000001,5.0,12.95379,22.13773,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Gas,GW/yr,0.28146,0.75121,0.00018,1e-05,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Gas|w/ CCS,GW/yr,0.003920000000000001,0.00224,8e-05,1e-05,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Gas|w/o CCS,GW/yr,0.27754,0.7489600000000001,0.00011,1e-05,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Liquids,GW/yr,0.12882,0.02681,5.87594,0.00948,1.31678, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Liquids|Biomass,GW/yr,0.00056,5e-05,7.000000000000001e-05,1e-05,0.40449, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Liquids|Hydrogen,GW/yr,0.12827,0.02677,5.87588,0.009470000000000001,0.91229, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Methanol,GW/yr,0.12734,0.02665,4.07991,0.00013,0.9122800000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Decentral Heat|Solar thermal,GW,0.01266,0.00043,0.00062,3e-05,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity,GW,265.40024,455.17301,658.79085,781.32671,784.14022, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Biomass,GW,12.86465,10.8134,5.3922,0.7884700000000001,0.18675, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Biomass|Gases and Liquids,GW,5.68379,5.16322,1.77554,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Biomass|Solids,GW,7.18086,5.65018,3.61666,0.7884700000000001,0.18675, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS,GW,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS,GW,12.86453,10.81339,5.39218,0.78846,0.18675, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Coal,GW,26.39452,20.52458,17.45564,0.29751,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Coal|Hard Coal,GW,5.70061,5.24333,3.92083,0.29567,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Coal|Lignite,GW,20.69391,15.28125,13.53481,0.00184,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas,GW,29.46543,39.7646,27.3266,22.83814,18.82646, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas|CC,GW,9.597,9.597,8.978,7.92069,6.57107, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas|OC,GW,0.02578,2.12378,0.02331,0.02331,0.02331, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas|w/ CCS,GW,0.00073,8e-05,6.000000000000001e-05,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas|w/o CCS,GW,29.46471,39.76452,27.32654,22.83814,18.82646, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Hydro,GW,3.06098,3.06098,3.06098,3.06098,3.06098, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Hydrogen,GW,0.00039,0.00064,36.66043,65.0809,68.07716, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Hydrogen|CC,GW,0.0,0.00019,15.01392,27.20347,28.23955, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Hydrogen|FC,GW,0.00039,4e-05,6.000000000000001e-05,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Hydrogen|OC,GW,0.0,0.00041,21.64645,37.87742,39.83761, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Non-Renewable Waste,GW,1.68622,1.68561,1.6852,1.68483,0.8178700000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Nuclear,GW,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Oil,GW,1.62806,1.55812,1.07462,0.7163200000000001,0.6051500000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar,GW,110.0,234.9998,371.54321,464.65215,468.13469, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar|PV,GW,110.0,234.9998,371.54321,464.65215,468.13469, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar|PV|Open Field,GW,109.91335,109.87903,211.84851,304.95744,308.43998, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar|PV|Rooftop,GW,0.08665,125.12077,159.6947,159.69471,159.69471, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Converter,GW,7.88145,11.70777,40.90951,57.27113,57.26956, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Converter|Hydro Dam Reservoir,GW,0.2895,0.2895,0.2895,0.2895,0.2895, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Converter|Pump Hydro,GW,7.52622,7.52622,7.52622,7.52622,7.52622, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Converter|Stationary Batteries,GW,0.06573000000000001,3.89205,33.09379,49.45541,49.45384, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Converter|Vehicles,GW,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Reservoir,GWh,340.05643,731.82786,1168.49495,1611.02435,1789.94591, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Hydro Dam Reservoir,GWh,300.0,300.0,300.0,300.0,300.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Pump Hydro,GWh,39.87131,39.87131,39.87131,39.87131,39.87131, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Stationary Batteries,GWh,0.18512,34.08672,291.8189,436.12344,436.11008, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Vehicles,GWh,0.0,357.86983,536.80474,835.0296,1013.96451, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Wind,GW,80.3,142.76529,194.59198,222.20742,224.43117, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Wind|Offshore,GW,11.3,29.3,50.0,65.0,64.43117, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Wind|Onshore,GW,69.0,113.46529,144.59198,157.20742,160.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Gases,GW,1.72503,2.32711,4.08169,3.8948,3.63649, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Gases|Biomass,GW,1.72408,2.32701,4.08151,3.89479,3.63649, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Gases|Hydrogen,GW,0.00095,0.0001,0.00018,1e-05,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat,GW,77.55788,101.71623,106.91016,106.8571,95.31699, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Biomass,GW,28.05632,22.23747,10.05116,1.61373,0.5746100000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Biomass|w/ CCS,GW,0.00046,4e-05,5e-05,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Biomass|w/o CCS,GW,28.05587,22.23743,10.05112,1.61372,0.5746100000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Gas,GW,39.54194,46.93996,35.66359,29.79712,24.88733, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Heat pump,GW,0.0006500000000000001,0.19127,2.77634,3.54911,3.85204, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Oil,GW,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Resistive heater,GW,0.1908,22.31671,31.43477,31.71104,31.5841, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Solar thermal,GW,3.37499,3.36669,3.36669,3.3665,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Storage Converter,GW,16.31373,26.19271,29.05743,29.91962,29.75504, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Storage Reservoir,GWh,297.61152,1245.91325,4525.22218,4570.88533,4554.96005, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen,GW,2.84304,6.65725,14.87803,29.33673,29.33655, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Electricity,GW,0.0004400000000000001,5.0,17.95183,40.08721,40.08696, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Gas,GW,2.84278,3.54875,3.51401,3.51383,3.51382, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Gas|w/ CCS,GW,0.7302900000000001,0.7286100000000001,0.72645,0.72638,0.7263700000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Gas|w/o CCS,GW,2.1125,2.82014,2.78756,2.78746,2.78745, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Reservoir,GWh,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Liquids,GW,0.9128100000000001,0.92927,6.80462,6.01109,7.20908, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Liquids|Biomass,GW,0.00056,5e-05,7.000000000000001e-05,1e-05,0.40449, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Liquids|Hydrogen,GW,0.9122500000000001,0.9292300000000001,6.80455,6.01108,6.80459, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Methanol,GW,0.9113300000000001,0.9291100000000001,5.00858,4.2149,5.00859, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Carbon Intensity|Electricity,g CO2/kWh,229.4656940495,37.42797415652082,9.289622177816602,3.603123014484891,1.770917582285089, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Carbon Intensity|EndUse,g CO2/kWh,211.1223960471657,195.8140162983073,150.4588352473147,49.66440157390374,-32.79044198228254, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Carbon Sequestration,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,2.18131,2.51737,27.37869,36.7877, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Carbon Sequestration|BECCS,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.08126000000000001,0.38931,20.05892,24.2269, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Carbon Sequestration|DACCS,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.00011,0.0001,2e-05,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Carbon Sequestration|Other,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,2.09994,2.12796,7.31974,12.5608, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Cost|Total Energy System Cost,billion EUR2020/yr,57.5807,83.7584,117.7049,133.6255,130.1908, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2,Mt CO2/yr,585.66734,383.31098,197.76357,90.08931,2.98677, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy,Mt CO2/yr,502.42106,305.3311,140.88281,46.76207,-8.54107, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy and Industrial Processes,Mt CO2/yr,546.53315,343.05259,159.71127,53.90192,-3.19495, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy incl Bunkers,Mt CO2/yr,536.39281,341.46301,176.65361,81.99398,-3.12328, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy incl Bunkers|Demand,Mt CO2/yr,340.359,255.89461,141.08449,61.34068,-5.658910000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand,Mt CO2/yr,306.38725,219.76271,105.31369,26.10877,-11.0767, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers,Mt CO2/yr,33.97175,36.1319,35.7708,35.23191,5.41779, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers|Aviation,Mt CO2/yr,30.59367,33.32142,33.77516,34.04814,5.31636, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers|Navigation,Mt CO2/yr,3.37808,2.81048,1.99564,1.18377,0.10144, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry,Mt CO2/yr,87.74625,69.64269,44.3616,2.66534,-12.66866, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Other Sector,Mt CO2/yr,3.24,3.27324,3.25392,3.21694,0.5513, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Residential and Commercial,Mt CO2/yr,89.65349,60.79765,13.45455,2.22891,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation,Mt CO2/yr,125.74751,86.04913,44.24362,17.99758,1.04065, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|Domestic Aviation,Mt CO2/yr,2.84692,3.10075,3.14298,3.16838,0.49472, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|Domestic Navigation,Mt CO2/yr,0.6686300000000001,0.55628,0.395,0.23431,0.02008, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2/yr,196.0338,85.56839,35.56912,20.6533,2.53563, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Electricity,Mt CO2/yr,129.62588,28.00483,9.1371,4.18198,2.0757, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Electricity and Heat,Mt CO2/yr,160.12714,55.46476,22.96017,13.67838,3.76363, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Heat,Mt CO2/yr,30.50125,27.45993,13.82308,9.496410000000001,1.68793, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Hydrogen,Mt CO2/yr,5.61046,6.65575,0.03391,0.01676,0.02235, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Industrial Processes,Mt CO2/yr,44.1121,37.72149,18.82846,7.13985,5.34612, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Industry,Mt CO2/yr,131.85835,107.36418,63.19006,9.80519,-7.32254, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Industry + Processes,Mt CO2/yr,131.85835,107.36418,63.19006,9.80519,-7.322539999999999, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Supply|Non-Renewable Waste,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy,Mt CO2/yr,283.78005,155.29234,80.32002,43.37757,14.09387, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry,Mt CO2/yr,87.74625,69.70768,44.42448,22.21984,8.81365, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2/yr,196.0338,85.58466,35.89554,21.15773,5.28022, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Electricity,Mt CO2/yr,129.62588,28.00484,9.13711,4.18198,2.0757, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Gases,Mt CO2/yr,6.46722,5.2899,2.27187,1.07654,0.55211, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Heat,Mt CO2/yr,30.50125,27.45999,13.82312,9.496410000000001,1.68793, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Hydrogen,Mt CO2/yr,5.61046,6.65575,0.03391,0.01676,0.02235, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Liquids,Mt CO2/yr,13.02602,10.19927,6.34747,4.5999,0.59401, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Solids,Mt CO2/yr,10.80297,7.97491,4.28207,1.78614,0.3481300000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy,TWh/yr,2139.198844444445,1941.540430555556,1657.819019444444,1522.995666666666,1463.247227777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy incl Non-Energy Use incl Bunkers,TWh/yr,2519.109047222222,2304.431166666667,1995.664847222222,1836.082313888889,1736.902508333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Agriculture,TWh/yr,42.52508333333333,42.52508333333333,42.52508333333333,42.52508333333333,42.52508333333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Agriculture|Electricity,TWh/yr,3.721966666666666,3.721966666666666,3.721966666666666,3.721966666666666,3.721966666666666, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Agriculture|Heat,TWh/yr,25.83699722222222,25.83699722222222,25.83699722222222,25.83699722222222,25.83699722222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Agriculture|Liquids,TWh/yr,12.96611944444444,12.96611944444444,12.96611944444444,12.96611944444444,12.96611944444444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers,TWh/yr,138.0255388888889,147.2766027777778,149.4533416666667,151.6859361111111,139.1762083333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation,TWh/yr,122.4323833333333,131.9946194444445,134.5862527777778,137.2337416666667,125.0351888888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids,TWh/yr,122.4323833333333,131.9946194444445,134.5862527777778,137.2337416666667,125.0351888888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,3.436836111111111,2.389677777777778,0.0001638888888888889,0.00025,32.73208333333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.000325,3.055555555555555e-05,3.216352777777778,4.801994444444444,71.6249361111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,118.9952222222222,129.6049083333333,131.3697388888889,132.4314972222222,20.67816666666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Liquids,TWh/yr,138.0255388888889,147.2766027777778,149.4533416666667,151.6859361111111,139.1762083333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation,TWh/yr,15.59315555555555,15.28198333333333,14.86708888888889,14.45219444444444,14.14102222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids,TWh/yr,15.59315555555555,15.28198333333333,14.86708888888889,14.45219444444444,14.14102222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.3794861111111111,0.2015555555555555,8.333333333333334e-06,8.333333333333334e-06,0.6245222222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,2.074513888888889,4.148958333333333,7.104966666666667,9.847850000000001,13.12196388888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,13.13915555555556,10.93146944444444,7.762113888888889,4.604336111111111,0.3945361111111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Methanol,TWh/yr,2.074477777777778,4.148955555555555,6.914925,9.680894444444444,11.75537222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Carbon Dioxide Removal,TWh/yr,0.001802777777777778,0.0002472222222222222,0.0003027777777777778,4.722222222222222e-05,5.555555555555556e-06, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Carbon Dioxide Removal|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.0005083333333333333,6.944444444444444e-05,8.61111111111111e-05,1.388888888888889e-05,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Carbon Dioxide Removal|Heat,TWh/yr,0.001294444444444444,0.0001777777777777778,0.0002166666666666667,3.333333333333333e-05,2.777777777777778e-06, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Electricity,TWh/yr,534.9265916666667,668.845013888889,816.0468972222222,904.3165194444445,953.33845, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases,TWh/yr,498.1344777777778,367.7464805555555,204.5689555555556,101.0916555555555,52.16567222222223, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,9.275497222222223,9.548694444444445,20.34003888888889,19.63010833333333,20.42705833333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.002594444444444445,0.0002361111111111111,0.0005722222222222222,3.333333333333333e-05,2.777777777777778e-06, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,488.8563861111111,358.19755,184.22835,81.46151111111111,31.73861111111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Heat,TWh/yr,168.38835,167.1082166666667,163.4485805555556,157.7488,155.2929416666666, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,2.888280555555555,21.78447777777778,45.95231666666666,68.56079166666666,89.4690111111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry,TWh/yr,895.9498972222221,871.7897361111111,824.4031638888888,790.219575,767.6217416666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use,TWh/yr,654.0652333333334,656.1756055555555,636.0106777777778,628.8188638888889,633.1426722222221, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Electricity,TWh/yr,240.82,287.19,328.15,367.21,404.84, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases,TWh/yr,217.7545472222222,179.1616194444444,129.114075,87.12183333333333,52.16567222222223, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,4.054691666666667,4.652008333333333,12.83765277777778,16.91743055555555,20.42705833333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.001133333333333333,0.0001166666666666667,0.0003611111111111111,2.777777777777778e-05,2.777777777777778e-06, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,213.6987222222222,174.5094972222222,116.2760638888889,70.204375,31.73861111111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Heat,TWh/yr,47.53,39.91,31.41,23.5,16.12, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,2.888280555555555,21.7836,45.83480833333333,68.32100277777778,89.43114722222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids,TWh/yr,27.62250833333333,21.79065,15.59863055555556,9.426452777777778,3.134111111111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.7754,0.3945055555555556,1.944444444444445e-05,1.666666666666667e-05,0.8204583333333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,7.222222222222222e-05,5.555555555555556e-06,0.3727777777777778,0.3298444444444444,1.795338888888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,26.84703611111111,21.39613888888889,15.22583611111111,9.096588888888888,0.5183166666666666, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids,TWh/yr,117.4498972222222,106.3397361111111,85.9031638888889,73.23957499999999,67.45174166666666, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,48.13,54.43,57.69,61.4,65.38, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,69.31989722222222,51.90973611111111,28.21316388888889,11.839575,2.071741666666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Electricity,TWh/yr,240.82,287.19,328.15,367.21,404.84, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases,TWh/yr,290.97,240.71,178.38,124.99,79.46, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,5.417997222222222,6.250138888888888,17.73610277777778,24.27071944444444,31.11498611111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.001513888888888889,0.0001555555555555555,0.0005,4.166666666666667e-05,2.777777777777778e-06, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,285.5504861111111,234.4597083333333,160.6434027777778,100.7192388888889,48.34501111111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Heat,TWh/yr,47.53,39.91,31.41,23.5,16.12, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,13.72,32.95,57.65,80.78,102.43, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids,TWh/yr,185.46,164.69,142.91,120.5,97.32, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,5.206102777777777,2.981608333333333,0.0001722222222222222,0.0002194444444444445,25.47671944444444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0004916666666666667,3.888888888888888e-05,3.415272222222222,4.216458333333333,55.74861666666666, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,180.2534055555555,161.7083527777778,139.4945527777778,116.2833222222222,16.09466388888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids,TWh/yr,117.4498972222222,106.3397361111111,85.9031638888889,73.23957499999999,67.45174166666666, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,48.13,54.43,57.69,61.4,65.38, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,69.31989722222222,51.90973611111111,28.21316388888889,11.839575,2.071741666666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids,TWh/yr,684.9818388888889,473.20365,206.2341055555555,96.84940555555556,42.90204722222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,19.22832777777778,8.567052777777779,0.00025,0.0001777777777777778,11.231025, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.001816666666666667,0.0001111111111111111,4.928597222222222,3.388891666666667,24.57593333333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,665.7516972222222,464.6364861111111,201.3052611111111,93.4603361111111,7.095088888888888, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use,TWh/yr,241.8846638888889,215.6141305555556,188.3924833333333,161.4007111111111,134.4790694444444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Gases,TWh/yr,73.21545277777777,61.54838055555555,49.265925,37.86816666666667,27.29432777777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,1.363305555555556,1.598130555555556,4.89845,7.353288888888889,10.68792777777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0003805555555555555,3.888888888888888e-05,0.0001388888888888889,1.388888888888889e-05,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,71.8517638888889,59.95021111111111,44.36733888888889,30.51486388888889,16.6064, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,10.83171944444445,11.1664,11.81519166666667,12.45899722222222,12.99885277777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Liquids,TWh/yr,157.8374916666667,142.89935,127.3113694444444,111.0735472222222,94.1858888888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,4.430702777777777,2.587102777777778,0.0001527777777777778,0.0002027777777777778,24.65626388888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0004194444444444445,3.333333333333333e-05,3.042497222222222,3.886613888888888,53.95327777777777, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,153.4063694444444,140.3122138888889,124.2687194444444,107.1867305555556,15.57634722222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Solids,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial,TWh/yr,903.4071333333333,809.6980805555555,650.6224694444444,586.5449888888888,554.768275, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Electricity,TWh/yr,254.8223111111111,286.4761138888889,333.3012166666667,342.9744777777778,338.8049694444444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Electricity|Heat Pumps,TWh/yr,19.58403888888889,40.24434444444444,87.20831944444444,93.21321666666667,89.54610833333334, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases,TWh/yr,280.3799305555556,188.5848611111111,75.45488055555555,13.96982222222222,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,5.220805555555555,4.896686111111111,7.502386111111111,2.712677777777778,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.001461111111111111,0.0001222222222222222,0.0002111111111111111,5.555555555555556e-06,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,275.1576638888889,183.6880527777778,67.9522861111111,11.25713888888889,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Heat,TWh/yr,95.02005833333332,101.3610416666667,106.2013666666667,108.4117694444444,113.3359416666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids,TWh/yr,140.755425,96.76320833333334,5.555555555555556e-06,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,3.951186111111111,1.751836111111111,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0003722222222222222,2.222222222222222e-05,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,136.8038666666667,95.01134722222221,5.555555555555556e-06,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Solids,TWh/yr,132.4294083333333,136.5128555555555,135.665,121.1889222222222,102.6273638888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,132.4294083333333,136.5128555555555,135.665,121.1889222222222,102.6273638888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space and Water Heating,TWh/yr,676.3121611111111,582.6031055555555,423.5274944444444,359.4500138888889,327.6733027777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Solids,TWh/yr,249.8793055555556,242.8525916666667,221.5681638888889,194.4284972222222,170.0791055555555, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,180.5594083333333,190.9428555555556,193.355,182.5889222222222,168.0073638888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,69.31989722222222,51.90973611111111,28.21316388888889,11.839575,2.071741666666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation,TWh/yr,539.1995916666666,433.1414166666667,328.6604888888889,265.1066861111111,232.8111944444445, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation,TWh/yr,11.39305,12.28287222222222,12.52403888888889,12.77040277777778,11.63525555555556, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Liquids,TWh/yr,11.39305,12.28287222222222,12.52403888888889,12.77040277777778,11.63525555555556, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation,TWh/yr,2.675783333333333,2.203586111111111,1.573988888888889,0.9443944444444444,0.4721972222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Liquids,TWh/yr,2.675783333333333,2.203586111111111,1.573988888888889,0.9443944444444444,0.4721972222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Electricity,TWh/yr,35.56180555555556,91.45686388888889,150.8736305555556,190.4100638888889,205.9715138888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0008805555555555555,0.1175083333333333,0.2397888888888889,0.03786388888888888, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids,TWh/yr,503.6377861111111,341.6836722222222,177.66935,74.45683333333334,26.80181666666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,14.13776388888889,6.185966666666667,0.0002138888888888889,0.0001361111111111111,7.016258333333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.4119416666666667,0.8212916666666665,5.614641666666667,4.521508333333333,17.67987222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,489.4986861111111,335.497625,173.4231805555555,71.85135277777778,4.432452777777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Methanol,TWh/yr,0.4106055555555556,0.8212111111111111,1.368686111111111,1.916161111111111,2.326766666666666, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Waste,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity,billion EUR2020/yr,38.79729,58.14207,44.9699,22.22568,5.57627, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Biomass,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0285,0.023,0.023,0.015,0.015, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0285,0.023,0.023,0.015,0.015, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Coal,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,3.90729,8.62621,7.50276,2.57439,0.5226000000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Electricity Storage,billion EUR2020/yr,0.515,3.729,4.654500000000001,1.4355,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Gas,billion EUR2020/yr,0.621,0.6015,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Gas|w/ CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Gas|w/o CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,0.6205,0.6015,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Hydro,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Hydrogen,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,1.3385,2.763,1.5695,0.145, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Nuclear,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Oil,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Solar,billion EUR2020/yr,12.1945,16.1815,11.849,5.342,0.884, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Transmission,billion EUR2020/yr,9.69916,12.56251,8.88079,4.27011,0.51217, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Transmission and Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,13.60645,21.18872,16.38355,6.84451,1.03477, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Transmission|AC,billion EUR2020/yr,2.47598,4.03292,4.24947,2.26349,0.42181, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Transmission|DC,billion EUR2020/yr,7.22318,8.52959,4.63131,2.00663,0.09036000000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Wind,billion EUR2020/yr,12.6825,19.1455,14.2885,7.774,2.648, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Wind Offshore,billion EUR2020/yr,3.6495,6.386,5.7145,2.763,0.4065, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Wind Onshore,billion EUR2020/yr,9.033,12.7595,8.574,5.011,2.2415, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Energiewende,billion EUR2020/yr,41.63303999999999,67.39196,56.35664,26.37952,5.101430000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat,billion EUR2020/yr,0.2755,1.111,1.1645,0.3695,0.112, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat|Heatpump,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0625,0.9115000000000001,1.1045,0.367,0.1115, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat|Renewable,billion EUR2020/yr,0.255,1.1105,1.1645,0.369,0.1115, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat|Solarthermal,billion EUR2020/yr,0.05,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen,billion EUR2020/yr,1.78909,3.73674,4.84359,2.83101,0.06466000000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen|Electrolysis,billion EUR2020/yr,0.75,2.499,4.4055,2.6565,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen|Fossil,billion EUR2020/yr,0.07100000000000001,0.0515,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen|Storage,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen|Transmission,billion EUR2020/yr,0.9680900000000001,1.18624,0.43809,0.17451,0.06466000000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen|Transmission and Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,0.9680900000000001,1.18624,0.43809,0.17451,0.06466000000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Liquids,billion EUR2020/yr,0.012,0.3885,0.387,0.199,0.1985, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Liquids|Biomass,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.147,0.147, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Liquids|Hydrogen,billion EUR2020/yr,0.012,0.3885,0.387,0.052,0.0515, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Price|Carbon,EUR2020/t CO2,80.71324,167.84822,497.54111,543.54166,397.73026, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Price|Carbon|National Climate Target,EUR2020/t CO2,63.4885,0.0,2e-05,0.0,0.03609, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Price|Final Energy|Commercial|Electricity,EUR2020/GJ,52.30555555555556,47.36111111111111,45.72222222222222,41.77777777777778,39.66666666666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Price|Final Energy|Commercial|Electricity|Transport and Distribution,EUR2020/GJ,19.83333333333334,19.16666666666667,15.16666666666667,13.52777777777778,13.5, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Price|Final Energy|Industry EI|Electricity,EUR2020/GJ,21.88888888888889,20.41666666666667,24.52777777777778,21.88888888888889,20.19444444444445, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Price|Final Energy|Industry EI|Electricity|Transport and Distribution,EUR2020/GJ,1.527777777777778,2.305555555555556,1.555555555555555,0.805555555555555,0.833333333333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Price|Final Energy|Industry|Electricity,EUR2020/GJ,35.25,34.77777777777778,35.52777777777778,32.80555555555555,31.05555555555555, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Price|Final Energy|Industry|Electricity|Transport and Distribution,EUR2020/GJ,8.555555555555555,9.416666666666666,7.638888888888888,7.333333333333333,7.749999999999999, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Price|Final Energy|Residential|Electricity,EUR2020/GJ,89.16666666666667,78.97222222222223,72.13888888888889,68.55555555555556,64.13888888888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Price|Final Energy|Residential|Electricity|Transport and Distribution,EUR2020/GJ,31.44444444444444,27.41666666666667,19.69444444444445,19.16666666666667,18.02777777777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Price|Primary Energy|Biomass,EUR2020/GJ,14.55301,18.90818,27.51947,26.84917,20.64613, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Price|Primary Energy|Coal,EUR2020/GJ,10.37331,17.43737,48.31551,52.51935,38.96546, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Price|Primary Energy|Gas,EUR2020/GJ,16.2037,16.07451,34.99194,37.68542,29.38941, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Price|Primary Energy|Oil,EUR2020/GJ,14.93009,22.77356,46.24715,49.4754,38.99029, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Price|Secondary Energy|Electricity,EUR2020/GJ,29.02103,22.58115,24.60004,22.01112,20.49597, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Price|Secondary Energy|Hydrogen,EUR2020/GJ,21.8287,27.83736,32.77273,31.70145,31.72371, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy,TWh/yr,2937.363225,2513.900088888889,2059.292647222222,1905.933888888889,1509.048405555556, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass,TWh/yr,321.6541416666666,246.4890861111111,238.2443277777778,224.0783222222222,216.718175, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Electricity,TWh/yr,66.87158888888888,17.40331111111111,6.493775,1.151347222222222,0.3706111111111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Gases,TWh/yr,14.87350277777778,17.09757222222222,30.41160555555555,31.44514444444444,31.75660833333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Heat,TWh/yr,31.84844444444444,7.284683333333333,7.953444444444444,2.070519444444444,1.141583333333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Liquids,TWh/yr,27.48211944444444,13.73790555555555,0.0008138888888888888,0.0001722222222222222,8.177566666666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.426575,0.4667333333333333,6.849855555555555,76.06828333333333,98.16006944444445, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,293.7530222222222,232.2850833333333,231.3944722222222,148.0100388888889,118.5581055555556, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal,TWh/yr,391.1218138888889,105.6923444444444,53.05713333333333,21.13110833333333,3.865780555555555, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Electricity,TWh/yr,249.5220638888889,8.624352777777778,2.406466666666667,0.03797777777777778,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Hard Coal,TWh/yr,48.13440555555555,8.980083333333333,1.049788888888889,0.08678888888888892,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Heat,TWh/yr,16.60763055555556,4.060213888888889,0.3702055555555556,0.0488111111111111,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Lignite,TWh/yr,217.9952888888889,3.704483333333333,1.726883333333333,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Fossil,TWh/yr,2209.691213888889,1558.168763888889,828.1764138888889,510.8959305555555,119.2696777777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas,TWh/yr,816.5677583333334,667.9171472222222,286.8522,135.9267361111111,69.71078888888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Electricity,TWh/yr,142.03695,114.3010888888889,29.06623055555556,10.36574166666667,10.51704166666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Gases,TWh/yr,584.0729416666667,435.5708555555556,238.120625,118.9642666666667,51.63249166666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Heat,TWh/yr,60.94155833333333,75.72159722222223,19.46805833333333,6.483136111111111,7.413197222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,29.51630833333333,42.32360277777778,0.1972861111111111,0.1135888888888889,0.1480555555555556, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Hydro,TWh/yr,19.71464722222222,24.35902777777778,23.21146666666667,22.27379166666666,21.85001666666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Nuclear,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Oil,TWh/yr,1002.001641666667,784.5592722222221,488.2670805555556,353.8380833333333,45.69311111111112, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Oil|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.2086638888888889,0.1396555555555556,0.1634666666666667,0.07633333333333332,0.01251944444444445, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Oil|Heat,TWh/yr,0.2580138888888889,0.08163055555555555,0.05613611111111111,0.04250555555555555,0.01206666666666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Oil|Liquids,TWh/yr,1001.534963888889,784.3379861111111,488.0474805555555,353.7192416666666,45.66852222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Solar,TWh/yr,121.1926527777778,240.0037472222222,370.6554666666667,458.4542305555556,461.7294166666666, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Waste,TWh/yr,66.14894166666666,58.40590833333333,50.31653333333333,42.00163888888889,33.41675555555555, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Waste|Electricity,TWh/yr,13.84517222222222,12.22463611111111,10.53149722222222,8.791119444444444,7.334716666666666, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Waste|Heat,TWh/yr,52.30376944444444,46.18127222222222,39.78503611111111,33.21051944444444,26.08203611111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Wind,TWh/yr,198.961625,386.4735555555555,548.6884388888889,648.2299750000001,656.0643638888888, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Production|Non-Metallic Minerals|Cement,Mt/yr,31.27762,35.4432,36.36871,37.54664,38.72457, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Production|Steel,Mt/yr,38.18185,43.05448,44.22145,45.57334,47.96085, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Production|Steel|Primary,Mt/yr,26.9182,29.83245,29.15078,28.55625,29.00192, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Production|Steel|Secondary,Mt/yr,11.26365,13.22203,15.07067,17.01708,18.95892, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy,TWh/yr,2590.234222222222,2409.619866666667,2041.925522222222,2010.165466666667,1643.4568, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Electricity|Heat,TWh/yr,0.06655833333333333,24.80044166666666,54.12771944444444,53.18171944444445,51.50955555555556, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Electricity|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.001647222222222222,12.26571666666667,91.7744138888889,218.3901833333333,201.4994694444445, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Electricity|Liquids,TWh/yr,2.074497222222222,1.417466666666667,9.242333333333333,8.332027777777778,9.804313888888888, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Hydrogen|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.002352777777777778,0.0005972222222222222,15.36168055555556,28.03153888888889,25.94791944444444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Hydrogen|Gases,TWh/yr,0.005466666666666667,0.0005305555555555556,0.001072222222222222,6.666666666666667e-05,5.555555555555556e-06, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Hydrogen|Heat,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0001333333333333333,7.958180555555556,19.68391388888889,16.29777222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Hydrogen|Liquids,TWh/yr,8.717194444444445,5.953869444444444,54.58844444444445,51.95151388888889,46.73240833333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity,TWh/yr,564.9030916666667,748.2325888888888,983.5814444444444,1160.654238888889,1172.104236111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Biomass,TWh/yr,32.31043611111111,7.932516666666666,5.360716666666667,1.076527777777778,0.4056194444444444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Biomass|Gaseous and Liquid,TWh/yr,11.6742,3.239297222222222,0.1670666666666667,,, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Biomass|Solid,TWh/yr,20.63623611111111,4.693219444444444,5.19365,1.076527777777778,0.4056194444444444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0007138888888888888,6.38888888888889e-05,5.277777777777778e-05,5.555555555555556e-06,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,32.30972222222222,7.932455555555555,5.360663888888889,1.076522222222222,0.4056194444444444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Coal,TWh/yr,90.80021666666667,5.133988888888889,1.009061111111111,0.04012222222222223,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Coal|Hard Coal,TWh/yr,19.11016944444444,3.910344444444444,0.4380277777777777,0.04012222222222223,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Coal|Lignite,TWh/yr,71.69005,1.223644444444445,0.5710305555555555,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Curtailment,TWh/yr,68.05603055555555,77.4713472222222,78.98820277777777,82.4846361111111,82.14623055555555, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Fossil,TWh/yr,183.3529166666667,86.36073333333333,23.60160833333333,8.967347222222221,12.23582222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas,TWh/yr,92.39413611111111,81.15591111111111,22.52295555555555,8.891569444444444,12.19479166666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Hydro,TWh/yr,17.01956666666667,16.95465,16.96178888888889,16.98173888888889,17.02078333333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.001175,0.0003166666666666666,9.440327777777778,19.74370277777778,17.48367777777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Non-Biomass Renewables,TWh/yr,335.8696277777778,642.1348611111111,935.0095249999999,1122.377913888889,1134.814563888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Nuclear,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Oil,TWh/yr,0.1585638888888889,0.07083333333333333,0.06959166666666666,0.03565555555555556,0.04103055555555556, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Solar,TWh/yr,119.8884361111111,238.7066583333333,369.3593,457.1661972222222,461.7294138888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Storage Losses,TWh/yr,0.9053,2.882772222222223,5.153463888888889,6.034244444444444,5.845169444444444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Waste,TWh/yr,13.36893333333333,11.80415833333333,10.16926388888889,8.488747222222223,7.164552777777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Wind,TWh/yr,198.961625,386.4735555555555,548.6884388888889,648.2299750000001,656.0643638888888, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Wind|Offshore,TWh/yr,47.47324444444445,134.4831611111111,234.2308055555555,306.3058305555556,305.0423, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Wind|Onshore,TWh/yr,151.4883805555556,251.9903916666667,314.4576333333333,341.9241444444445,351.0220666666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases,TWh/yr,798.7829222222222,658.2984583333333,305.790575,161.9348666666667,98.67896944444443, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,14.87350277777778,17.09757222222222,30.41160555555555,31.44514444444444,31.75660833333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.004372222222222223,0.000425,0.0008583333333333332,5.277777777777778e-05,5.555555555555556e-06, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,783.9050472222222,641.2004611111112,275.3781111111111,130.4896666666667,66.92235555555555, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat,TWh/yr,154.1742833333333,153.0904972222222,159.7642555555556,157.0053416666667,153.2137083333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Biomass,TWh/yr,28.46054444444444,6.627455555555556,7.21155,2.007847222222222,1.249416666666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Coal,TWh/yr,15.82463888888889,4.107641666666666,0.3578361111111111,0.05156388888888888,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.07128611111111112,26.66202777777778,79.90017777777778,85.40317777777777,90.57960833333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Electricity|Heat Pumps,TWh/yr,0.008125,3.138530555555556,39.08133055555555,48.03696388888888,56.98733333333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Electricity|Resistive,TWh/yr,0.06315833333333333,23.52349722222222,40.81884722222222,37.36621388888889,33.592275, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Gas,TWh/yr,57.60705833333333,68.930525,19.54074722222222,7.421233333333332,11.2778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0001111111111111111,6.479158333333333,16.3488,13.54271944444444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Oil,TWh/yr,0.2137166666666667,0.07268611111111112,0.05636666666666666,0.04473333333333333,0.0750138888888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Other,TWh/yr,0.1922583333333333,0.80025,6.505788888888889,12.37173611111111,11.01221388888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Solar,TWh/yr,1.300125,1.296977777777778,1.296013888888889,1.288025,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Waste,TWh/yr,50.50465277777778,44.592825,38.41661944444444,32.068225,25.47693333333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,21.61125,38.68061944444444,58.28845277777777,141.0614583333333,130.2872638888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.0009666666666666667,7.625594444444444,58.131075,140.9614722222222,130.1141277777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Gas,TWh/yr,21.30028333333333,31.05502222222222,0.1573777777777778,0.09998611111111111,0.1731388888888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Other,TWh/yr,0.31,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids,TWh/yr,986.4727805555555,763.8579666666667,509.0176333333333,378.8799888888889,87.10087777777777, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,27.47732222222222,13.73751388888889,0.000325,7.222222222222222e-05,3.543338888888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Fossil,TWh/yr,951.3364472222222,744.8888305555556,463.5783527777778,335.9466194444445,43.38268333333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,7.659008333333333,5.231619444444444,45.43895555555556,42.93329722222222,40.17485555555555, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Oil,TWh/yr,951.3364472222222,744.8888305555556,463.5783527777778,335.9466194444445,43.38268333333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Methanol,TWh/yr,7.656347222222222,5.231441666666666,34.110675,30.75101944444445,36.18478333333334, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Solids,TWh/yr,64.28989722222222,47.45973611111111,25.48316388888889,10.629575,2.071741666666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,180.5784861111111,190.9656138888889,193.3846888888889,189.4111388888889,175.2718083333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,64.28989722222222,47.45973611111111,25.48316388888889,10.629575,2.071741666666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Trade|Primary Energy|Biomass|Volume,TWh/yr,-79.05188333333332,-46.33093055555555,-50.07706111111111,-42.413975,-32.48669722222223, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gross Import|Volume,TWh/yr,104.8054527777778,154.605575,205.0208361111111,233.1734083333333,244.1833416666666, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Electricity|Volume,TWh/yr,3.539463888888889,5.785352777777777,-33.28826388888888,-72.85240277777777,-94.51870555555556, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Gases|Biomass|Gross Import|Volume,TWh/yr,0.9257861111111111,0.04916111111111111,0.04761388888888889,0.002591666666666667,11.31496666666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Gases|Biomass|Volume,TWh/yr,-0.0002111111111111111,0.004691666666666666,0.008025,0.000525,-11.31480833333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Gases|Hydrogen|Gross Import|Volume,TWh/yr,5.833333333333333e-05,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Gases|Hydrogen|Volume,TWh/yr,0.0002138888888888889,0.0,2.777777777777778e-06,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Gross Import|Volume,TWh/yr,1.387219444444445,12.30281388888889,100.9012555555556,121.8331583333333,126.8931333333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Volume,TWh/yr,-1.143761111111111,-0.2253916666666667,-77.38843333333334,-39.62536388888888,-61.15870555555555, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Liquids|Biomass|Volume,TWh/yr,0.001933333333333334,-5.985586111111111,0.0002416666666666667,-0.0006555555555555556,-57.9260861111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Liquids|Hydrogen|Gross Import|Volume,TWh/yr,0.4031666666666667,6.002133333333333,0.07900555555555555,0.003822222222222222,146.2788444444444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Liquids|Hydrogen|Volume,TWh/yr,0.001361111111111111,-5.988747222222222,38.85203333333333,25.10879444444445,-122.8556861111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity,GW/yr,74.93691,204.26819,240.78045,195.38844,57.43677, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Biomass,GW/yr,0.08002000000000001,4e-05,0.07631,4e-05,0.01718, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS,GW/yr,0.07993,3e-05,0.0763,3e-05,0.01711, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Coal,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Coal|Hard Coal,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Coal|Lignite,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas,GW/yr,0.31077,10.43809,6.000000000000001e-05,4e-05,0.00034, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas|CC,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas|OC,GW/yr,0.00207,1.72852,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas|w/ CCS,GW/yr,0.0005200000000000001,8e-05,6.000000000000001e-05,4e-05,0.00034, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas|w/o CCS,GW/yr,0.31024,10.43801,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Hydro,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Hydrogen,GW/yr,0.00034,0.0006500000000000001,29.9215,33.12175,8.12061, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Hydrogen|CC,GW/yr,0.0,0.00019,9.4563,13.11108,2.37926, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Hydrogen|FC,GW/yr,0.00034,4e-05,6.000000000000001e-05,4e-05,0.0002, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Hydrogen|OC,GW/yr,0.0,0.00042,20.46514,20.01063,5.74114, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Nuclear,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Oil,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Solar,GW/yr,56.445,125.04669,143.99385,123.78857,29.10317, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Solar|PV,GW/yr,56.445,125.04669,143.99385,123.78857,29.10317, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Solar|PV|Open Field,GW/yr,56.40968,0.00176,109.36379,123.78855,29.10315, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Solar|PV|Rooftop,GW/yr,0.03532,125.04492,34.63006,2e-05,2e-05, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Converter,GW/yr,0.05184,5.38406,28.88777,26.82254,29.13261, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Converter|Hydro Dam Reservoir,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Converter|Pump Hydro,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Converter|Stationary Batteries,GW/yr,0.05184,5.38406,28.88777,26.82254,29.13261, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Converter|Vehicles,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Reservoir,GWh/yr,0.14527,47.45764,254.60608,188.96253,2.19804, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Hydro Dam Reservoir,GWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Pump Hydro,GWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Stationary Batteries,GWh/yr,0.14527,47.45764,254.60608,188.96253,2.19804, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Vehicles,GWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Wind,GW/yr,18.09898,68.78143,66.78777,38.47601,19.37677, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Wind|Offshore,GW/yr,3.513,18.00018,20.70004,15.08055,7.33785, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Wind|Onshore,GW/yr,14.58598,50.78125,46.08772,23.39546,12.03892, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Gases,GW/yr,1.49481,1.04413,1.37986,0.13866,1.22336, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Gases|Biomass,GW/yr,1.49403,1.04404,1.37968,0.13853,1.22295, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Gases|Hydrogen,GW/yr,0.0007700000000000001,9e-05,0.00017,0.00012,0.00041, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat,GW/yr,8.1002,32.61553,22.18959,15.46588,5.83756, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Biomass,GW/yr,0.24511,0.00012,0.2345,0.00013,0.05343000000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Biomass|w/ CCS,GW/yr,0.00033,4e-05,4e-05,4e-05,0.00022, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Biomass|w/o CCS,GW/yr,0.24478,8e-05,0.23446,9e-05,0.0532, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Gas,GW/yr,3.9744,8.79144,0.00107,0.00059,0.14791, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Heat pump,GW/yr,0.0005200000000000001,0.34862,2.57361,0.7821400000000001,0.33263, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Oil,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Resistive heater,GW/yr,0.2767,23.19669,8.97209,0.4846,0.00804, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Solar thermal,GW/yr,3.59251,0.00019,0.0002,0.00013,0.0008500000000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Storage Converter,GW/yr,16.41349,26.43232,30.18309,32.84708,32.36155, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Storage Reservoir,GWh/yr,189.68274,1081.76615,3248.21874,342.71291,14.87333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen,GW/yr,0.26835,3.83239,8.85212,14.80553,0.00606, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Electricity,GW/yr,0.00038,5.0,13.88758,22.66601,0.00197, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Gas,GW/yr,0.26813,0.72389,0.00017,9e-05,0.004730000000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Gas|w/ CCS,GW/yr,0.00165,0.0017,7.000000000000001e-05,4e-05,0.00033, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Gas|w/o CCS,GW/yr,0.26648,0.7221900000000001,0.0001,5e-05,0.0044, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Liquids,GW/yr,0.16142,0.026,5.80068,0.8366300000000001,0.23586, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Liquids|Biomass,GW/yr,0.00043,4e-05,6.000000000000001e-05,8e-05,0.07626000000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Liquids|Hydrogen,GW/yr,0.16098,0.02595,5.80061,0.83655,0.1596, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Methanol,GW/yr,0.1602,0.02579,4.00469,0.8256600000000001,0.15916, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Decentral Heat|Solar thermal,GW,0.01034,0.0004400000000000001,0.0005400000000000001,0.00023,0.00133, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity,GW,265.39635,455.21094,671.69738,829.85867,846.90558, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Biomass,GW,12.86599,10.8149,5.40486,0.80081,0.17257, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Biomass|Gases and Liquids,GW,5.68379,5.16322,1.77554,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Biomass|Solids,GW,7.18219,5.65168,3.62933,0.80081,0.17257, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS,GW,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS,GW,12.8659,10.81489,5.40485,0.8008000000000001,0.17251, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Coal,GW,26.39452,20.52458,17.45564,0.29751,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Coal|Hard Coal,GW,5.70061,5.24333,3.92083,0.29567,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Coal|Lignite,GW,20.69391,15.28125,13.53481,0.00184,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas,GW,29.45935,39.58105,27.32211,22.83369,18.82231, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas|CC,GW,9.597,9.597,8.978,7.92069,6.57107, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas|OC,GW,0.02538,1.75183,0.02331,0.02331,0.02331, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas|w/ CCS,GW,0.0005200000000000001,8e-05,6.000000000000001e-05,4e-05,0.00034, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas|w/o CCS,GW,29.45882,39.58097,27.32205,22.83365,18.82197, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Hydro,GW,3.06098,3.06098,3.06098,3.06098,3.06098, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Hydrogen,GW,0.00034,0.0006500000000000001,39.08281,72.19703,80.3159, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Hydrogen|CC,GW,0.0,0.00019,17.10327,30.21366,32.59286, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Hydrogen|FC,GW,0.00034,4e-05,6.000000000000001e-05,4e-05,0.0002, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Hydrogen|OC,GW,0.0,0.00042,21.97947,41.98334,47.72284, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Non-Renewable Waste,GW,1.68713,1.68661,1.68628,1.68734,0.8187000000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Nuclear,GW,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Oil,GW,1.62806,1.55812,1.07462,0.7163200000000001,0.6051500000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar,GW,110.0,234.99977,378.99153,500.82706,513.97352, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar|PV,GW,110.0,234.99977,378.99153,500.82706,513.97352, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar|PV|Open Field,GW,109.96468,109.9348,219.29682,341.13235,354.2788, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar|PV|Rooftop,GW,0.03532,125.06498,159.69471,159.69471,159.69471, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Converter,GW,7.86756,13.23166,42.07794,63.50127,63.74899, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Converter|Hydro Dam Reservoir,GW,0.2895,0.2895,0.2895,0.2895,0.2895, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Converter|Pump Hydro,GW,7.52622,7.52622,7.52622,7.52622,7.52622, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Converter|Stationary Batteries,GW,0.05184,5.41594,34.26222,55.68555,55.93327, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Converter|Vehicles,GW,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Reservoir,GWh,340.01659,745.31145,1178.79845,1665.94212,1847.02933, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Hydro Dam Reservoir,GWh,300.0,300.0,300.0,300.0,300.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Pump Hydro,GWh,39.87131,39.87131,39.87131,39.87131,39.87131, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Stationary Batteries,GWh,0.14527,47.5703,302.12239,491.04121,493.19351, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Vehicles,GWh,0.0,357.86983,536.80474,835.0296,1013.96451, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Wind,GW,80.29999,142.98428,197.61855,227.43794,229.13646, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Wind|Offshore,GW,11.3,29.3,49.99998,64.99999,69.13482, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Wind|Onshore,GW,68.99999,113.68428,147.61857,162.43795,160.00163, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Gases,GW,1.8254,2.83219,4.19799,3.99472,3.69538, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Gases|Biomass,GW,1.82463,2.8321,4.19781,3.99459,3.69498, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Gases|Hydrogen,GW,0.0007700000000000001,9e-05,0.00017,0.00012,0.00041, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat,GW,78.06726,103.55529,110.59073,111.72398,101.16318, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Biomass,GW,28.06046,22.24214,10.09014,1.65171,0.5301100000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Biomass|w/ CCS,GW,0.00033,4e-05,4e-05,4e-05,0.00022, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Biomass|w/o CCS,GW,28.06012,22.24211,10.09009,1.65167,0.5298900000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Gas,GW,39.7387,47.28658,35.81717,29.95132,25.09608, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Heat pump,GW,0.0005200000000000001,0.34862,2.92186,3.7039,4.00878, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Oil,GW,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Resistive heater,GW,0.2767,23.42113,32.39323,32.87626,32.6571, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Solar thermal,GW,3.59251,3.58703,3.58705,3.58697,0.0008500000000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Storage Converter,GW,16.41349,26.43232,30.18309,32.84708,32.36155, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Storage Reservoir,GWh,297.14595,1378.79518,4626.95766,4862.1895,4854.45432, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen,GW,2.87552,6.65407,15.47833,30.28299,30.288, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Electricity,GW,0.00038,5.0,18.87515,41.54007,41.54057, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Gas,GW,2.8753,3.54556,3.52561,3.52553,3.53017, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Gas|w/ CCS,GW,0.7769600000000001,0.7770100000000001,0.7753800000000001,0.77536,0.7756400000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Gas|w/o CCS,GW,2.09834,2.76855,2.75023,2.75018,2.75453, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Reservoir,GWh,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Liquids,GW,0.98428,1.00458,6.80457,6.80487,6.88091, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Liquids|Biomass,GW,0.00043,4e-05,6.000000000000001e-05,8e-05,0.07626000000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Liquids|Hydrogen,GW,0.9838500000000001,1.00454,6.804510000000001,6.804790000000001,6.804650000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Methanol,GW,0.9830700000000001,1.00438,5.00859,5.00859,5.00858, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Carbon Intensity|Electricity,g CO2/kWh,226.1426182051098,35.47991699352125,8.99806390445283,3.398102743857111,1.765165646660144, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Carbon Intensity|EndUse,g CO2/kWh,211.5014799424888,196.8327035110968,155.7234682931962,60.64743520825893,-33.09858912624548, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Carbon Sequestration,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,2.12372,2.35656,26.02725,38.07206, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Carbon Sequestration|BECCS,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.00487,0.30308,20.60521,25.1614, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Carbon Sequestration|DACCS,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0001,9e-05,0.00022,0.0009699999999999999, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Carbon Sequestration|Other,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,2.11875,2.05338,5.42182,12.90969, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Cost|Total Energy System Cost,billion EUR2020/yr,57.6113,84.4579,119.982,139.5843,138.9325, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2,Mt CO2/yr,585.66082,388.32927,209.83576,98.90384,3.42043, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy,Mt CO2/yr,502.4041,309.93307,151.22077,54.0517,-8.04099, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy and Industrial Processes,Mt CO2/yr,546.51619,348.00983,171.64876,62.704,-1.98691, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy incl Bunkers,Mt CO2/yr,536.38629,346.08715,187.04486,89.19294,-3.39099, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy incl Bunkers|Demand,Mt CO2/yr,343.64608,262.55837,151.11364,68.20496,-7.40907, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand,Mt CO2/yr,309.66389,226.40428,115.28955,33.06372,-12.05908, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers,Mt CO2/yr,33.98219,36.15408,35.82409,35.14125,4.65, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers|Aviation,Mt CO2/yr,30.60308,33.34188,33.82548,33.96052,4.56294, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers|Navigation,Mt CO2/yr,3.37912,2.81221,1.99861,1.18073,0.08706000000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry,Mt CO2/yr,87.68038,69.39673,45.65731,4.75197,-13.7107, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Other Sector,Mt CO2/yr,3.241,3.27525,3.25877,3.20866,0.47318, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Residential and Commercial,Mt CO2/yr,90.35735,60.63598,14.17002,2.93355,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation,Mt CO2/yr,128.38516,93.09632,52.20345,22.16954,1.17845, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|Domestic Aviation,Mt CO2/yr,2.8478,3.10266,3.14766,3.16022,0.42461, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|Domestic Navigation,Mt CO2/yr,0.6688400000000001,0.5566300000000001,0.3955900000000001,0.2337,0.01723, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2/yr,192.7402,83.52879,35.93122,20.98798,4.01809, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Electricity,Mt CO2/yr,127.00194,26.36465,8.96439,4.11039,2.19464, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Electricity and Heat,Mt CO2/yr,157.64723,53.24336,22.64122,13.54364,3.91073, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Heat,Mt CO2/yr,30.64529,26.87871,13.67683,9.43324,1.71609, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Hydrogen,Mt CO2/yr,4.67431,6.55716,0.03477,0.02318,0.03248, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Industrial Processes,Mt CO2/yr,44.1121,38.07676,20.42799,8.6523,6.05408, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Industry,Mt CO2/yr,131.79247,107.47349,66.08531,13.40428,-7.65662, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Industry + Processes,Mt CO2/yr,131.79248,107.47349,66.0853,13.40427,-7.656619999999999, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Supply|Non-Renewable Waste,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy,Mt CO2/yr,280.42058,152.93038,81.89161,46.34516,15.46879, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry,Mt CO2/yr,87.68038,69.39739,45.65892,24.90674,9.99712, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2/yr,192.7402,83.533,36.2327,21.43843,5.47167, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Electricity,Mt CO2/yr,127.00194,26.36467,8.9644,4.11041,2.19472, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Gases,Mt CO2/yr,6.44621,5.21299,2.31796,1.1369,0.6215700000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Heat,Mt CO2/yr,30.64529,26.87877,13.67687,9.43329,1.71636, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Hydrogen,Mt CO2/yr,4.67431,6.55716,0.03477,0.02318,0.03248, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Liquids,Mt CO2/yr,13.1695,10.5445,6.779500000000001,4.81442,0.5252, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Solids,Mt CO2/yr,10.80297,7.97491,4.45921,1.92023,0.38134, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy,TWh/yr,2149.612497222222,1962.987905555555,1708.767077777778,1596.159977777778,1558.564275, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy incl Non-Energy Use incl Bunkers,TWh/yr,2529.522697222222,2325.878641666667,2047.584325,1911.010861111111,1834.573666666666, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Agriculture,TWh/yr,42.52508333333333,42.52508333333333,42.52508333333333,42.52508333333333,42.52508333333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Agriculture|Electricity,TWh/yr,3.721966666666666,3.721966666666666,3.721966666666666,3.721966666666666,3.721966666666666, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Agriculture|Heat,TWh/yr,25.83699722222222,25.83699722222222,25.83699722222222,25.83699722222222,25.83699722222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Agriculture|Liquids,TWh/yr,12.96611944444444,12.96611944444444,12.96611944444444,12.96611944444444,12.96611944444444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers,TWh/yr,138.0255388888889,147.2766027777778,149.4533416666667,151.6859361111111,139.1762083333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation,TWh/yr,122.4323833333333,131.9946194444445,134.5862527777778,137.2337416666667,125.0351888888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids,TWh/yr,122.4323833333333,131.9946194444445,134.5862527777778,137.2337416666667,125.0351888888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,3.400302777777778,2.310119444444445,0.0001138888888888889,0.001083333333333333,29.06535833333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0002805555555555555,3.055555555555555e-05,3.020694444444444,5.141961111111111,78.22209166666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,119.0318,129.6844722222222,131.5654444444444,132.0906972222222,17.74773611111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Liquids,TWh/yr,138.0255388888889,147.2766027777778,149.4533416666667,151.6859361111111,139.1762083333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation,TWh/yr,15.59315555555555,15.28198333333333,14.86708888888889,14.45219444444444,14.14102222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids,TWh/yr,15.59315555555555,15.28198333333333,14.86708888888889,14.45219444444444,14.14102222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.3754527777777778,0.1948472222222222,5.555555555555556e-06,3.888888888888888e-05,0.5545611111111112, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,2.074508333333333,4.148958333333333,7.093405555555555,9.859669444444444,13.24783611111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,13.14319444444444,10.93818055555556,7.773675,4.592486111111111,0.338625, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Methanol,TWh/yr,2.074477777777778,4.148955555555555,6.914925,9.680894444444444,11.75537222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Carbon Dioxide Removal,TWh/yr,0.001275,0.0002416666666666667,0.0002833333333333334,0.0005277777777777777,0.002216666666666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Carbon Dioxide Removal|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.0003583333333333333,6.666666666666667e-05,8.055555555555556e-05,0.00015,0.0006249999999999999, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Carbon Dioxide Removal|Heat,TWh/yr,0.0009138888888888889,0.0001722222222222222,0.0002027777777777778,0.0003805555555555555,0.001591666666666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Electricity,TWh/yr,531.6245166666666,660.4616333333333,822.4637805555556,939.9619611111111,1015.285575, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases,TWh/yr,501.9480861111111,371.3936944444444,211.7144111111111,109.9721111111111,57.21579444444444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,9.919522222222222,12.06135833333333,20.68808888888889,20.43735,19.75588055555556, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.002222222222222222,0.0002388888888888889,0.0005722222222222222,0.0003888888888888889,0.0009583333333333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,492.0263416666667,359.3321027777778,191.0257555555555,89.53438333333334,37.45895833333334, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Heat,TWh/yr,169.1901277777778,168.9289277777778,166.882,163.9255888888889,164.6447305555556, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,2.888280555555555,21.783925,47.763775,74.39655833333333,100.9653722222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry,TWh/yr,895.9498972222221,871.7897361111111,839.047336111111,819.787525,813.8893999999999, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use,TWh/yr,654.0652333333334,656.1756055555555,649.6834305555556,656.6225805555555,677.0562166666666, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Electricity,TWh/yr,240.82,287.19,333.09,378.83,424.71, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases,TWh/yr,217.7545472222222,179.1616194444444,132.397875,91.77423888888889,57.21579444444444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,4.303275,5.818441666666667,12.93751666666667,17.05543611111111,19.75588055555556, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0009638888888888889,0.0001138888888888889,0.0003583333333333333,0.000325,0.0009583333333333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,213.4503083333333,173.3430638888889,119.4600027777778,74.71848611111112,37.45895833333334, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Heat,TWh/yr,47.53,39.91,31.79,24.05,16.59, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,2.888280555555555,21.7836,47.66958888888889,74.1243638888889,100.9069111111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids,TWh/yr,27.62250833333333,21.79065,15.75863055555556,9.546452777777777,3.224111111111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.7671583333333333,0.3813722222222222,1.388888888888889e-05,7.500000000000003e-05,0.7494694444444444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,6.38888888888889e-05,5.555555555555556e-06,0.3536916666666667,0.3576916666666667,2.017005555555555, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,26.85528611111111,21.40927222222222,15.404925,9.188683333333332,0.4576361111111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids,TWh/yr,117.4498972222222,106.3397361111111,88.9773361111111,78.297525,74.40939999999999, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,48.13,54.43,59.56,65.55,72.14, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,69.31989722222222,51.90973611111111,29.41733611111111,12.747525,2.2694, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Electricity,TWh/yr,240.82,287.19,333.09,378.83,424.71, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases,TWh/yr,290.97,240.71,181.96,130.01,84.7, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,5.750163888888888,7.817283333333332,17.78057777777778,24.16121666666666,29.245825, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.001288888888888889,0.0001555555555555555,0.0004916666666666667,0.0004611111111111111,0.001416666666666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,285.21855,232.8925666666667,164.1789333333333,105.8483361111111,55.45276111111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Heat,TWh/yr,47.53,39.91,31.79,24.05,16.59, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,13.72,32.95,60.16,87.98,116.07, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids,TWh/yr,185.46,164.69,143.07,120.62,97.41, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,5.150763888888889,2.882341666666667,0.0001222222222222222,0.0009527777777777778,22.64367777777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.000425,3.611111111111111e-05,3.211105555555555,4.519466666666666,60.93975833333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,180.3088111111111,161.8076222222222,139.8587722222222,116.0995805555555,13.82656388888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids,TWh/yr,117.4498972222222,106.3397361111111,88.9773361111111,78.297525,74.40939999999999, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,48.13,54.43,59.56,65.55,72.14, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,69.31989722222222,51.90973611111111,29.41733611111111,12.747525,2.2694, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids,TWh/yr,695.4444222222222,498.3901333333333,237.8027722222222,114.015375,50.80918888888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,19.31451388888889,8.722630555555556,0.0002027777777777778,0.0009,11.810975, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.001591666666666667,0.0001111111111111111,5.337316666666666,4.272,31.78626111111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,676.1283166666667,489.6673916666666,232.4652527777778,109.742475,7.211955555555555, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use,TWh/yr,241.8846638888889,215.6141305555556,189.3639027777778,163.1649472222222,136.8331833333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Gases,TWh/yr,73.21545277777777,61.54838055555555,49.562125,38.23576111111111,27.48420555555555, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,1.446886111111111,1.998841666666667,4.843061111111111,7.105780555555556,9.489944444444445, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.000325,3.888888888888888e-05,0.0001333333333333333,0.0001361111111111111,0.0004611111111111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,71.76824166666667,59.54949999999999,44.71893055555555,31.12985,17.99380277777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,10.83171944444445,11.1664,12.49041111111111,13.85563611111111,15.16308888888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Liquids,TWh/yr,157.8374916666667,142.89935,127.3113694444444,111.0735472222222,94.1858888888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,4.383605555555556,2.500969444444444,0.0001083333333333333,0.0008777777777777778,21.89421111111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0003611111111111111,3.055555555555555e-05,2.857413888888889,4.161775,58.92275277777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,153.453525,140.39835,124.4538444444444,106.9108972222222,13.36892777777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Solids,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial,TWh/yr,907.3223388888889,814.4412583333333,659.3304055555556,599.7545444444444,570.3920277777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Electricity,TWh/yr,255.4191305555555,289.0773611111111,337.5960611111111,351.9276027777778,352.9416722222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Electricity|Heat Pumps,TWh/yr,19.95289444444445,42.45906666666666,90.87563333333334,100.6627916666667,101.134175, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases,TWh/yr,284.1935361111111,192.232075,79.31653333333333,18.19787222222222,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,5.616247222222222,6.242916666666666,7.750569444444444,3.381913888888889,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.001258333333333333,0.0001222222222222222,0.0002138888888888889,6.38888888888889e-05,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,278.5760333333333,185.9890388888889,71.56575277777777,14.81589444444444,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Heat,TWh/yr,95.82221388888888,103.1817583333333,109.2548,114.0382111111111,122.2161444444444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids,TWh/yr,140.8202888888889,94.26020555555556,5.555555555555556e-06,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,3.910988888888889,1.649705555555556,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0003222222222222222,2.222222222222222e-05,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,136.9089777777778,92.61048055555555,5.555555555555556e-06,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Solids,TWh/yr,131.0671666666667,135.6898555555555,133.1630055555555,115.5908555555555,95.23421111111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,131.0671666666667,135.6898555555555,133.1630055555555,115.5908555555555,95.23421111111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space and Water Heating,TWh/yr,680.2273666666666,587.3462833333334,432.2354305555555,372.6595722222222,343.2970527777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Solids,TWh/yr,248.5170638888889,242.0295916666666,222.1403416666667,193.8883805555555,169.6436083333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,179.1971666666666,190.1198555555555,192.7230055555555,181.1408555555556,167.3742111111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,69.31989722222222,51.90973611111111,29.41733611111111,12.747525,2.2694, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation,TWh/yr,545.6985666666667,449.8457194444445,357.227875,297.2572444444444,268.5887305555556, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation,TWh/yr,11.39305,12.28287222222222,12.52403888888889,12.77040277777778,11.63525555555556, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Liquids,TWh/yr,11.39305,12.28287222222222,12.52403888888889,12.77040277777778,11.63525555555556, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation,TWh/yr,2.675783333333333,2.203586111111111,1.573988888888889,0.9443944444444444,0.4721972222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Liquids,TWh/yr,2.675783333333333,2.203586111111111,1.573988888888889,0.9443944444444444,0.4721972222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Electricity,TWh/yr,31.66306111111111,80.4722388888889,148.055675,205.4822444444444,233.9113111111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.000325,0.09418333333333333,0.2721944444444445,0.05846111111111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids,TWh/yr,514.0355055555556,369.3731555555555,209.0780166666667,91.50280555555555,34.61895833333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,14.27626111111111,6.464625,0.0001777777777777778,0.0007222222222222222,8.047433333333332, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.4117833333333333,0.8212944444444443,6.061297222222222,5.344647222222222,23.98441111111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,499.7580666666667,362.90845,204.3852277777778,88.07359722222222,4.913883333333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Methanol,TWh/yr,0.4106055555555556,0.8212111111111111,1.368686111111111,1.916161111111111,2.326766666666666, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Waste,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity,billion EUR2020/yr,38.85743,59.499,49.01647,27.29441,7.85187, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Biomass,billion EUR2020/yr,0.029,0.0265,0.0265,0.006,0.006, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,0.029,0.0265,0.0265,0.006,0.006, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Coal,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,3.94545,9.09594,8.78109,4.27453,1.33411, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Electricity Storage,billion EUR2020/yr,0.717,3.8925,5.059,1.899,0.0195, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Gas,billion EUR2020/yr,0.615,0.596,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Gas|w/ CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Gas|w/o CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,0.6145,0.5955,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Hydro,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Hydrogen,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,1.4805,3.1265,2.033,0.387, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Nuclear,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Oil,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Solar,billion EUR2020/yr,12.1925,16.5545,13.57,7.1295,1.324, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Transmission,billion EUR2020/yr,9.69913,12.53071,8.89554,5.05921,1.25476, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Transmission and Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,13.64458,21.62665,17.67662,9.33374,2.58887, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Transmission|AC,billion EUR2020/yr,2.47597,4.05236,4.28873,2.34134,0.4798500000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Transmission|DC,billion EUR2020/yr,7.22316,8.47835,4.60681,2.71788,0.7749, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Wind,billion EUR2020/yr,12.7125,19.552,14.9525,8.1085,2.695, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Wind Offshore,billion EUR2020/yr,3.6495,6.386,5.714,3.4885,1.1325, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Wind Onshore,billion EUR2020/yr,9.063,13.166,9.238,4.62,1.563, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Energiewende,billion EUR2020/yr,41.97953999999999,69.08624999999999,61.06909999999999,31.8918,7.229080000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat,billion EUR2020/yr,0.338,1.164,1.1645,0.3735,0.1115, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat|Heatpump,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1135,0.9590000000000001,1.104,0.3695,0.111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat|Renewable,billion EUR2020/yr,0.3165,1.1635,1.1645,0.373,0.111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat|Solarthermal,billion EUR2020/yr,0.053,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen,billion EUR2020/yr,1.80646,3.8606,5.06098,2.92206,0.06171000000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen|Electrolysis,billion EUR2020/yr,0.75,2.625,4.595,2.72,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen|Fossil,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0685,0.05,0.0,0.0005,0.0005, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen|Storage,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen|Transmission,billion EUR2020/yr,0.9879600000000001,1.1856,0.4659800000000001,0.20156,0.06121000000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen|Transmission and Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,0.9879600000000001,1.1856,0.4659800000000001,0.20156,0.06121000000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Liquids,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0145,0.3835,0.4325,0.08750000000000001,0.0365, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Liquids|Biomass,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0275,0.0275, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Liquids|Hydrogen,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0145,0.3835,0.4325,0.06,0.009000000000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Price|Carbon,EUR2020/t CO2,80.46316,177.58451,508.07365,562.7672,414.22056, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Price|Carbon|National Climate Target,EUR2020/t CO2,62.71908,1e-05,0.0,1e-05,0.03806, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Price|Primary Energy|Biomass,EUR2020/GJ,14.57867,19.32955,27.82877,28.47686,23.23776, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Price|Primary Energy|Coal,EUR2020/GJ,10.35026,18.34916,49.29961,54.31859,40.52744, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Price|Primary Energy|Gas,EUR2020/GJ,16.18957,16.63214,35.59522,38.78715,30.33412, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Price|Primary Energy|Oil,EUR2020/GJ,14.91269,23.46868,46.99955,50.84811,40.16809, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Price|Secondary Energy|Electricity,EUR2020/GJ,28.8154,22.6247,24.77057,22.47265,21.12369, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Price|Secondary Energy|Hydrogen,EUR2020/GJ,23.29163,28.37222,32.91516,31.86786,31.44455, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy,TWh/yr,2937.921975,2529.946488888889,2111.7418,1976.14285,1571.407575, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass,TWh/yr,319.5322694444445,245.8171555555556,237.5429833333333,222.9275,210.0349694444444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Electricity,TWh/yr,65.64274166666667,13.3798,6.426697222222222,1.096686111111111,0.3313138888888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Gases,TWh/yr,15.75251111111111,21.2234,30.44928611111111,31.44514444444444,31.75660833333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Heat,TWh/yr,31.45901944444444,7.356066666666666,7.942466666666666,1.96025,1.018361111111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Liquids,TWh/yr,27.48015277777778,13.73779722222222,0.0007833333333333334,0.001286111111111111,1.539269444444444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.03874166666666667,0.06478888888888888,6.071713888888889,80.08886111111111,99.07946944444444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,292.0189833333333,232.0150944444444,231.4712694444444,142.8386388888889,110.9555, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal,TWh/yr,385.2885444444444,104.8100416666667,55.05887222222222,22.72385277777778,4.234599999999999, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Electricity,TWh/yr,243.7078888888889,8.054297222222223,2.342638888888889,0.03526666666666666,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Hard Coal,TWh/yr,47.26755,8.143102777777777,0.9334,0.08059166666666666,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Heat,TWh/yr,16.58853611111111,3.747961111111111,0.3187361111111111,0.04532777777777777,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Lignite,TWh/yr,213.0288722222222,3.659158333333333,1.727972222222222,2.777777777777778e-06,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Fossil,TWh/yr,2212.241427777778,1574.131211111111,869.2303888888889,536.612325,123.1158, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas,TWh/yr,813.9147805555556,658.2055222222222,292.6716277777778,143.5483416666667,78.4811888888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Electricity,TWh/yr,140.3649361111111,106.6773083333333,28.23280833333333,10.02045,11.20025555555556, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Gases,TWh/yr,587.287175,436.3352833333333,245.5674972222222,127.0913694444444,59.27054444444445, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Heat,TWh/yr,61.67139166666666,73.14348888888888,18.65739444444444,6.260397222222222,7.766011111111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,24.59127777777778,42.04944166666667,0.2139305555555556,0.1761222222222222,0.2443805555555556, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Hydro,TWh/yr,19.86320555555556,24.38275555555555,23.18909444444444,22.13463055555555,21.83064166666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Nuclear,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Oil,TWh/yr,1013.0381,811.11565,521.4998888888889,370.3401305555556,40.40001111111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Oil|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.2103361111111111,0.1466638888888889,0.1640805555555556,0.07860277777777777,0.01080277777777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Oil|Heat,TWh/yr,0.2712416666666667,0.08595555555555555,0.05765833333333333,0.04995,0.010525, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Oil|Liquids,TWh/yr,1012.556522222222,810.8830277777777,521.27815,370.2115777777778,40.37868333333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Solar,TWh/yr,121.19755,239.9875638888889,377.5851305555556,493.6462888888889,504.9306555555555, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Waste,TWh/yr,66.14894166666666,58.40590833333333,50.37479444444444,42.04510277777778,33.4491, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Waste|Electricity,TWh/yr,13.84516388888889,12.22463611111111,10.54371666666667,8.800747222222222,7.341816666666666, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Waste|Heat,TWh/yr,52.30377777777777,46.18127222222222,39.83107777777777,33.24435555555556,26.10728333333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Wind,TWh/yr,198.9385833333333,387.2218944444444,553.8194111111111,658.7770027777777,678.0464055555556, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Production|Non-Metallic Minerals|Cement,Mt/yr,31.27762,35.4432,38.18715,41.3013,44.53325, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Production|Steel,Mt/yr,38.18185,43.05448,46.43252,50.13067,55.15497, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Production|Steel|Primary,Mt/yr,26.9182,29.83245,30.60832,31.41188,33.35221, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Production|Steel|Secondary,Mt/yr,11.26365,13.22203,15.8242,18.71879,21.80276, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy,TWh/yr,2592.730333333333,2427.608286111111,2099.756797222222,2103.459805555555,1734.756563888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Electricity|Heat,TWh/yr,0.100225,27.22382777777778,55.73497222222223,55.87699166666667,55.44712499999999, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Electricity|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.001475,12.90191944444445,96.345675,225.2957916666666,210.3430277777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Electricity|Liquids,TWh/yr,2.074188888888889,1.595702777777778,9.3066,10.27759444444444,9.7997, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Hydrogen|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.002111111111111111,0.0006111111111111111,17.10271111111111,33.264075,34.49330277777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Hydrogen|Gases,TWh/yr,0.004536111111111111,0.000525,0.001052777777777778,0.00075,0.002372222222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Hydrogen|Heat,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0001361111111111111,9.815249999999999,23.39641944444444,22.64389722222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Hydrogen|Liquids,TWh/yr,8.715372222222223,6.702491666666666,54.88047222222222,62.24917777777777,50.64418055555556, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity,TWh/yr,561.601086111111,743.0865749999999,996.25765,1209.613219444444,1243.305411111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Biomass,TWh/yr,31.78628333333333,6.906180555555555,5.330547222222222,1.026411111111111,0.3625888888888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Biomass|Gaseous and Liquid,TWh/yr,11.43783333333333,2.129863888888889,0.1569333333333333,,, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Biomass|Solid,TWh/yr,20.34845,4.776313888888889,5.173613888888888,1.026411111111111,0.3625888888888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0004805555555555555,6.111111111111111e-05,5e-05,4.722222222222222e-05,0.0002694444444444444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,31.78580277777777,6.906119444444444,5.330497222222221,1.026361111111111,0.3623194444444444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Coal,TWh/yr,88.84650555555555,4.748783333333333,0.9559,0.03725555555555555,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Coal|Hard Coal,TWh/yr,18.80207222222222,3.540394444444444,0.3845888888888889,0.03725555555555555,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Coal|Lignite,TWh/yr,70.04443333333333,1.208388888888889,0.5713111111111111,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Curtailment,TWh/yr,68.1381,77.28874444444445,79.74544444444444,81.29155,84.7495, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Fossil,TWh/yr,180.6768416666667,81.60624444444444,22.82644166666667,8.578483333333333,12.06715, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas,TWh/yr,91.66873611111112,76.78273055555555,21.80055555555555,8.502919444444444,12.02571666666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Hydro,TWh/yr,17.01886944444444,16.94166666666667,16.96448333333333,16.98134722222222,16.99078611111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.001055555555555555,0.0003222222222222222,10.93073888888889,23.47468888888889,23.73681666666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Non-Biomass Renewables,TWh/yr,335.7679805555556,642.7696694444444,946.9888527777778,1168.035475,1199.967369444444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Nuclear,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Oil,TWh/yr,0.1616,0.07472777777777777,0.06998611111111111,0.03831111111111111,0.04143055555555555, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Solar,TWh/yr,119.8105305555555,238.6061083333333,376.2049611111111,492.277125,504.9301777777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Storage Losses,TWh/yr,0.953438888888889,3.055861111111111,5.256975,6.464027777777777,6.327963888888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Waste,TWh/yr,13.368925,11.80415833333333,10.18106944444444,8.498161111111111,7.171486111111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Wind,TWh/yr,198.9385833333333,387.2218944444444,553.8194111111111,658.7770027777777,678.0464055555556, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Wind|Offshore,TWh/yr,47.46451666666667,134.5076277777778,234.0270388888889,306.51895,327.0922805555556, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Wind|Onshore,TWh/yr,151.4740666666667,252.7142666666666,319.7923722222222,352.2580527777778,350.9541277777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases,TWh/yr,797.1143305555555,653.1011194444444,311.4148888888889,169.2521527777778,107.1004444444444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,15.75251111111111,21.2234,30.44928611111111,31.44514444444444,31.75660833333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.003627777777777778,0.0004194444444444445,0.0008416666666666667,0.0006,0.001897222222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,781.3581888888888,631.8773027777778,280.9647611111111,137.8064083333333,75.34193888888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat,TWh/yr,154.77645,155.1917055555556,163.5072611111111,164.3557138888889,164.0228333333334, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Biomass,TWh/yr,28.12255277777778,6.686022222222222,7.220358333333333,1.90425,1.114488888888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Coal,TWh/yr,15.80875277777778,3.839022222222222,0.3120805555555556,0.04788333333333333,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.1034166666666667,30.71433333333333,82.59264166666667,89.3326861111111,95.77091944444444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Electricity|Heat Pumps,TWh/yr,0.006313888888888889,5.613719444444444,40.73800833333333,49.855025,58.85953055555555, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Electricity|Resistive,TWh/yr,0.09710277777777777,25.10061388888889,41.85463333333333,39.47766111111111,36.91138888888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Gas,TWh/yr,58.43274722222222,67.05054722222222,18.72221388888889,7.089058333333334,11.01594444444444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0001111111111111111,8.01715,19.44451388888889,18.86566944444444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Oil,TWh/yr,0.2284944444444445,0.07608888888888889,0.05784722222222222,0.05288333333333333,0.07623888888888888, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Other,TWh/yr,0.1921194444444445,0.8514166666666667,6.743827777777778,13.01399166666667,11.67777777777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Solar,TWh/yr,1.383711111111111,1.381341666666667,1.380041666666667,1.369116666666667,0.0002, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Waste,TWh/yr,50.50465555555555,44.592825,38.46109444444444,32.10132777777778,25.50159444444444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,17.99959722222222,39.03983055555555,61.21655277777778,145.5556055555556,136.0531194444444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.0008666666666666666,8.021125,61.04759722222222,145.4040277777778,135.7906527777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Gas,TWh/yr,17.68873055555555,31.01870555555555,0.1689555555555556,0.1515777777777778,0.2624694444444445, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Other,TWh/yr,0.31,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids,TWh/yr,996.9489722222221,789.7293194444444,540.8231111111111,403.2555888888888,82.00535555555557, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,27.4766,13.73747222222222,0.0003138888888888889,0.0005361111111111111,0.6669666666666666, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Fossil,TWh/yr,961.8148611111111,770.1024111111111,495.1307777777778,351.6142583333333,38.35722499999999, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,7.657511111111111,5.88943611111111,45.69201944444444,51.64079444444444,42.98116388888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Oil,TWh/yr,961.8148611111111,770.1024111111111,495.1307777777778,351.6142583333333,38.35722499999999, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Methanol,TWh/yr,7.655205555555556,5.889261111111111,34.34786666666667,37.93151666666667,36.16774722222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Solids,TWh/yr,64.28989722222222,47.45973611111111,26.53733611111111,11.427525,2.2694, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,179.1978444444445,190.1200916666667,192.7237472222222,188.4241305555555,175.3894138888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,64.28989722222222,47.45973611111111,26.53733611111111,11.427525,2.2694, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Trade|Primary Energy|Biomass|Volume,TWh/yr,-76.93001666666666,-45.65899166666667,-49.37571666666666,-41.26315277777778,-25.80348888888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gross Import|Volume,TWh/yr,105.1476916666667,155.095725,204.5299444444445,237.2484277777778,255.2468833333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Electricity|Volume,TWh/yr,3.541408333333333,5.774558333333333,-33.33683333333333,-72.76400277777778,-101.4198583333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Gases|Biomass|Gross Import|Volume,TWh/yr,0.56215,0.04301111111111111,0.025125,0.03291666666666666,8.046825, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Gases|Biomass|Volume,TWh/yr,-0.0001,0.013775,0.02080555555555556,-0.01090555555555556,-7.978783333333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Gases|Hydrogen|Gross Import|Volume,TWh/yr,3.055555555555555e-05,0.0,0.0,0.0,3.333333333333333e-05, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Gases|Hydrogen|Volume,TWh/yr,0.0001,0.0,0.0,0.0,-3.055555555555555e-05, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Gross Import|Volume,TWh/yr,5.986913888888889,15.009,108.1912472222222,153.2532361111111,164.3354111111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Volume,TWh/yr,-4.752419444444444,-0.6142527777777778,-80.8371138888889,-61.60700833333333,-87.85909166666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Liquids|Biomass|Volume,TWh/yr,0.001166666666666667,-5.311538888888888,0.0003833333333333333,-0.003177777777777778,-60.88688055555555, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Liquids|Hydrogen|Gross Import|Volume,TWh/yr,0.32365,5.344422222222223,0.07061388888888888,0.02587222222222223,162.3234222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Liquids|Hydrogen|Volume,TWh/yr,0.0001833333333333333,-5.330925,38.70413611111111,38.17156388888889,-135.0761027777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity,GW/yr,74.89772,197.22199,210.71953,141.66102,20.9167, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Biomass,GW/yr,0.07607000000000001,6.000000000000001e-05,0.06101,0.00075,0.17958, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS,GW/yr,0.07605,4e-05,0.06101,0.0007400000000000001,0.17958, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Coal,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Coal|Hard Coal,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Coal|Lignite,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas,GW/yr,0.27596,8.99081,0.0,5e-05,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas|CC,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas|OC,GW/yr,0.00033,1.2993,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas|w/ CCS,GW/yr,0.00011,0.00014,0.0,5e-05,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas|w/o CCS,GW/yr,0.27585,8.99067,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Hydro,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Hydrogen,GW/yr,6.000000000000001e-05,0.0009300000000000002,25.7035,26.09516,0.06668, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Hydrogen|CC,GW/yr,0.0,0.00028,5.09041,7.76484,0.06666000000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Hydrogen|FC,GW/yr,6.000000000000001e-05,5e-05,0.0,4e-05,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Hydrogen|OC,GW/yr,0.0,0.0006000000000000001,20.61308,18.33028,1e-05, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Nuclear,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Oil,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Solar,GW/yr,56.445,125.01188,121.48616,73.64509,2.37895, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Solar|PV,GW/yr,56.445,125.01188,121.48616,73.64509,2.37895, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Solar|PV|Open Field,GW/yr,56.3677,0.00302,86.87373,73.64503,2.37888, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Solar|PV|Rooftop,GW/yr,0.07730000000000001,125.00886,34.61243,7.000000000000001e-05,7.000000000000001e-05, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Converter,GW/yr,0.05827,1.83138,29.44372,14.14737,28.87223, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Converter|Hydro Dam Reservoir,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Converter|Pump Hydro,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Converter|Stationary Batteries,GW/yr,0.05827,1.83138,29.44372,14.14737,28.87223, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Converter|Vehicles,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Reservoir,GWh/yr,0.17666,16.11778,259.45597,108.52869,0.00021, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Hydro Dam Reservoir,GWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Pump Hydro,GWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Stationary Batteries,GWh/yr,0.17666,16.11778,259.45597,108.52869,0.00021, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Vehicles,GWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Wind,GW/yr,18.09899,63.21699,63.46801,41.91942,17.47441, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Wind|Offshore,GW/yr,3.513,18.00005,20.70013,15.07997,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Wind|Onshore,GW/yr,14.58599,45.21694,42.76789,26.83945,17.47441, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Gases,GW/yr,1.4557,0.03219,2.17258,0.18159,1.37148, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Gases|Biomass,GW/yr,1.45548,0.03203,2.17257,0.1815,1.37148, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Gases|Hydrogen,GW/yr,0.00022,0.00016,1e-05,8e-05,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat,GW/yr,7.33499,28.22238,18.27067,10.01383,4.38879, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Biomass,GW/yr,0.23298,0.00019,0.18748,0.00233,0.5582900000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Biomass|w/ CCS,GW/yr,7.000000000000001e-05,6.000000000000001e-05,0.0,4e-05,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Biomass|w/o CCS,GW/yr,0.2329,0.00013,0.18748,0.00228,0.55828, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Gas,GW/yr,3.58706,7.87227,7.000000000000001e-05,0.0008300000000000001,0.65924, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Heat pump,GW/yr,0.0001,0.01642,2.57311,0.7471500000000001,0.18758, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Oil,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Resistive heater,GW/yr,0.13123,20.05457,9.71937,0.40355,0.01151, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Solar thermal,GW/yr,3.37409,0.00029,1e-05,0.00017,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Storage Converter,GW/yr,15.63046,24.9851,27.89839,27.22235,25.55368, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Storage Reservoir,GWh/yr,175.32876,771.55055,3227.52484,98.3158,11.28915, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen,GW/yr,0.26766,3.68679,7.10988,13.80588,1e-05, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Electricity,GW/yr,8e-05,5.0,11.15448,21.13558,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Gas,GW/yr,0.26761,0.57828,1e-05,0.00012,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Gas|w/ CCS,GW/yr,0.00038,0.08436,0.0,5e-05,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Gas|w/o CCS,GW/yr,0.26724,0.49393,1e-05,7.000000000000001e-05,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Liquids,GW/yr,0.13551,0.02627,4.42171,1.94837,0.22739, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Liquids|Biomass,GW/yr,9e-05,7.000000000000001e-05,0.0,0.51068,0.22738, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Liquids|Hydrogen,GW/yr,0.13542,0.0262,4.4217,1.43768,1e-05, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Methanol,GW/yr,0.13527,0.02597,4.03264,0.00026,1e-05, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Decentral Heat|Solar thermal,GW,0.00159,0.00071,3e-05,0.00031,1e-05, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity,GW,265.35707,448.16703,634.76492,739.21781,719.74935, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Biomass,GW,12.86204,10.81136,5.386,0.7830900000000001,0.3165500000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Biomass|Gases and Liquids,GW,5.68379,5.16322,1.77554,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Biomass|Solids,GW,7.17824,5.64813,3.61046,0.7830900000000001,0.3165500000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS,GW,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS,GW,12.86202,10.81134,5.38599,0.7830800000000001,0.3165500000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Coal,GW,26.39452,20.52458,17.45564,0.29751,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Coal|Hard Coal,GW,5.70061,5.24333,3.92083,0.29567,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Coal|Lignite,GW,20.69391,15.28125,13.53481,0.00184,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas,GW,29.42451,38.10361,27.2919,22.80353,18.79181, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas|CC,GW,9.597,9.597,8.978,7.92069,6.57107, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas|OC,GW,0.02364,1.32261,0.02331,0.02331,0.02331, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas|w/ CCS,GW,0.00011,0.00014,0.0,5e-05,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas|w/o CCS,GW,29.4244,38.10347,27.29189,22.80349,18.79181, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Hydro,GW,3.06098,3.06098,3.06098,3.06098,3.06098, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Hydrogen,GW,6.000000000000001e-05,0.0009300000000000002,33.5923,59.68623,59.74937, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Hydrogen|CC,GW,0.0,0.00028,11.8431,19.60787,19.67419, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Hydrogen|FC,GW,6.000000000000001e-05,5e-05,0.0,4e-05,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Hydrogen|OC,GW,0.0,0.0006000000000000001,21.74919,40.07831,40.07519, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Non-Renewable Waste,GW,1.68691,1.68657,1.68611,1.68581,0.81708, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Nuclear,GW,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Oil,GW,1.62806,1.55812,1.07462,0.7163200000000001,0.6051500000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar,GW,110.0,234.99943,356.48178,428.18436,414.61144, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar|PV,GW,110.0,234.99943,356.48178,428.18436,414.61144, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar|PV|Open Field,GW,109.9227,109.91636,196.78707,268.48965,254.91673, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar|PV|Rooftop,GW,0.07730000000000001,125.08307,159.69471,159.69471,159.69471, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Converter,GW,7.87399,9.69563,39.0804,51.38485,50.80889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Converter|Hydro Dam Reservoir,GW,0.2895,0.2895,0.2895,0.2895,0.2895, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Converter|Pump Hydro,GW,7.52622,7.52622,7.52622,7.52622,7.52622, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Converter|Stationary Batteries,GW,0.05827,1.87991,31.26468,43.56913,42.99317, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Converter|Vehicles,GW,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Reservoir,GWh,340.04798,714.03025,1152.37272,1559.11906,1738.016, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Hydro Dam Reservoir,GWh,300.0,300.0,300.0,300.0,300.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Pump Hydro,GWh,39.87131,39.87131,39.87131,39.87131,39.87131, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Stationary Batteries,GWh,0.17666,16.28911,275.69666,384.21815,384.18017, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Vehicles,GWh,0.0,357.86983,536.80474,835.0296,1013.96451, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Wind,GW,80.29999,137.42145,188.7356,221.99998,221.79697, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Wind|Offshore,GW,11.3,29.3,50.0,64.99997,61.79697, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Wind|Onshore,GW,68.99999,108.12145,138.7356,157.00001,160.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Gases,GW,1.78629,1.78839,3.95025,3.77395,3.62519, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Gases|Biomass,GW,1.78606,1.78822,3.95024,3.77387,3.62518, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Gases|Hydrogen,GW,0.00022,0.00016,1e-05,8e-05,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat,GW,77.30374,98.45501,101.56991,97.25649,85.56846, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Biomass,GW,28.04832,22.23128,10.03219,1.59733,0.9783900000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Biomass|w/ CCS,GW,7.000000000000001e-05,6.000000000000001e-05,0.0,4e-05,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Biomass|w/o CCS,GW,28.04825,22.23123,10.03219,1.59728,0.9783900000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Gas,GW,39.35341,45.98512,35.53175,29.66714,25.32092, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Heat pump,GW,0.0001,0.01642,2.58934,3.33648,3.50522, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Oil,GW,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Resistive heater,GW,0.13123,20.18009,29.89945,30.3022,30.1845, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Solar thermal,GW,3.37409,3.37304,3.37277,3.37292,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Storage Converter,GW,15.63046,24.9851,27.89839,27.22235,25.55368, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Storage Reservoir,GWh,282.62505,1054.14886,4281.62564,4272.63727,4262.04874, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen,GW,2.87492,6.51118,13.50988,27.31569,27.31495, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Electricity,GW,8e-05,5.0,16.14141,37.27689,37.27594, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Gas,GW,2.87487,3.40268,3.29964,3.29975,3.29963, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Gas|w/ CCS,GW,0.7756000000000001,0.8595800000000001,0.78258,0.78263,0.78258, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Gas|w/o CCS,GW,2.09927,2.5431,2.51706,2.51712,2.51705, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Reservoir,GWh,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Liquids,GW,0.9520500000000001,0.9768800000000001,5.397650000000001,6.52023,6.60269, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Liquids|Biomass,GW,9e-05,7.000000000000001e-05,0.0,0.51068,0.73801, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Liquids|Hydrogen,GW,0.9519500000000001,0.9768100000000001,5.397650000000001,6.00954,5.86468, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Methanol,GW,0.95181,0.97657,5.00859,4.18364,4.04932, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Carbon Intensity|Electricity,g CO2/kWh,239.1883304460707,41.10325859701696,9.975231907625577,4.079170105358012,1.684494160637412, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Carbon Intensity|EndUse,g CO2/kWh,210.666297203875,194.7747008880036,146.2935584395485,37.15482002107843,-36.11382278439716, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Carbon Sequestration,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,2.30483,2.57255,29.46147,35.13216, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Carbon Sequestration|BECCS,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.00219,0.34786,20.923,23.64986, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Carbon Sequestration|DACCS,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.00019,0.0,0.00016,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Carbon Sequestration|Other,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,2.30246,2.22468,8.53831,11.4823, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Cost|Total Energy System Cost,billion EUR2020/yr,57.5364,82.1489,113.3949,128.4159,122.1855, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2,Mt CO2/yr,585.03293,375.26126,184.44539,76.06954,-0.8452200000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy,Mt CO2/yr,502.38742,298.27233,130.74576,36.97436,-10.43798, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy and Industrial Processes,Mt CO2/yr,546.49952,336.32817,147.88948,43.34951,-6.03004, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy incl Bunkers,Mt CO2/yr,535.75839,333.04245,165.12095,68.75193,-5.98678, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy incl Bunkers|Demand,Mt CO2/yr,334.73296,244.87911,129.34895,50.41752,-6.45299, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand,Mt CO2/yr,301.36199,210.10899,94.97376,18.63995,-10.90419, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers,Mt CO2/yr,33.37097,34.77012,34.37519,31.77757,4.4512, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers|Aviation,Mt CO2/yr,29.99493,31.9628,32.34104,30.61681,4.35743, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers|Navigation,Mt CO2/yr,3.37604,2.80732,2.03415,1.16076,0.09377, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry,Mt CO2/yr,87.69208,70.05801,43.25664,1.77467,-12.08974, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Other Sector,Mt CO2/yr,3.23805,3.26955,3.31672,3.15438,0.50965, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Residential and Commercial,Mt CO2/yr,89.2019,60.95333,13.48451,1.86798,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation,Mt CO2/yr,121.22996,75.82809,34.9159,11.84291,0.6759000000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|Domestic Aviation,Mt CO2/yr,2.7912,2.97433,3.00952,2.84907,0.40548, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|Domestic Navigation,Mt CO2/yr,0.6682300000000001,0.55566,0.40262,0.22975,0.01856, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2/yr,201.02544,88.16334,35.77199,18.33441,0.46621, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Electricity,Mt CO2/yr,136.0797,30.62151,9.55672,4.54085,1.86546, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Electricity and Heat,Mt CO2/yr,166.36046,59.01714,23.90457,14.13712,3.48429, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Heat,Mt CO2/yr,30.28076,28.39563,14.34785,9.59628,1.61883, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Hydrogen,Mt CO2/yr,4.73651,6.17872,0.02512,0.01981,0.06137000000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Industrial Processes,Mt CO2/yr,44.1121,38.05583,17.14372,6.37515,4.40794, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Industry,Mt CO2/yr,131.80417,108.11385,60.40036,8.14982,-7.6818, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Industry + Processes,Mt CO2/yr,131.80418,108.11384,60.40035999999999,8.14982,-7.681800000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Supply|Non-Renewable Waste,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy,Mt CO2/yr,288.71752,158.22354,79.37649,41.03209,12.02633, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry,Mt CO2/yr,87.69208,70.05904,43.25797,20.11352,7.21991, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2/yr,201.02544,88.1645,36.11852,20.91856,4.80643, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Electricity,Mt CO2/yr,136.0797,30.62153,9.55672,4.54086,1.86546, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Gases,Mt CO2/yr,6.37575,5.40341,2.26983,1.05868,0.43935, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Heat,Mt CO2/yr,30.28076,28.39572,14.34785,9.59632,1.61883, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Hydrogen,Mt CO2/yr,4.73651,6.17872,0.02512,0.01981,0.06137000000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Liquids,Mt CO2/yr,12.74975,9.59022,5.8153,4.05206,0.50404, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Solids,Mt CO2/yr,10.80297,7.97491,4.1037,1.65083,0.31737, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy,TWh/yr,2121.613066666666,1897.145597222222,1588.275188888889,1441.25775,1362.7375, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy incl Non-Energy Use incl Bunkers,TWh/yr,2499.199733333333,2254.797211111111,1916.994880555555,1741.197083333333,1619.862875, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Agriculture,TWh/yr,42.52508333333333,42.52508333333333,42.52508333333333,42.52508333333333,42.52508333333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Agriculture|Electricity,TWh/yr,3.721966666666666,3.721966666666666,3.721966666666666,3.721966666666666,3.721966666666666, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Agriculture|Heat,TWh/yr,25.83699722222222,25.83699722222222,25.83699722222222,25.83699722222222,25.83699722222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Agriculture|Liquids,TWh/yr,12.96611944444444,12.96611944444444,12.96611944444444,12.96611944444444,12.96611944444444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers,TWh/yr,135.7020027777778,142.0374805555556,141.2986305555555,140.3028527777778,125.0004166666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation,TWh/yr,120.1088472222222,126.7554972222222,126.4315416666667,125.8506583333333,110.8593944444444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids,TWh/yr,120.1088472222222,126.7554972222222,126.4315416666667,125.8506583333333,110.8593944444444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,3.442388888888889,2.434936111111111,0.0008416666666666667,1.80095,43.35669166666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,5.555555555555556e-05,5e-05,0.6390277777777778,4.964491666666667,50.55430833333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,116.6664027777778,124.3205083333333,125.7916722222222,119.0852166666667,16.94839722222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Liquids,TWh/yr,135.7020027777778,142.0374805555556,141.2986305555555,140.3028527777778,125.0004166666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation,TWh/yr,15.59315555555555,15.28198333333333,14.86708888888889,14.45219444444444,14.14102222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids,TWh/yr,15.59315555555555,15.28198333333333,14.86708888888889,14.45219444444444,14.14102222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.3874527777777778,0.2138611111111111,5.277777777777778e-05,0.06827777777777777,0.9330194444444444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,2.074483333333333,4.148958333333333,6.955116666666666,9.86911111111111,12.84328055555556, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,13.13121944444444,10.91916111111111,7.911916666666666,4.514805555555555,0.3647222222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Methanol,TWh/yr,2.074477777777778,4.148955555555555,6.914925,9.680894444444444,11.75537222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Carbon Dioxide Removal,TWh/yr,0.0003194444444444444,0.0004388888888888889,1.388888888888889e-05,0.000375,5.555555555555556e-06, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Carbon Dioxide Removal|Electricity,TWh/yr,9.166666666666667e-05,0.000125,2.777777777777778e-06,0.0001055555555555556,2.777777777777778e-06, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Carbon Dioxide Removal|Heat,TWh/yr,0.0002305555555555556,0.0003138888888888889,8.333333333333334e-06,0.0002694444444444444,5.555555555555556e-06, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Electricity,TWh/yr,538.8843027777777,669.9159138888889,802.7899583333333,872.9203777777777,900.772661111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases,TWh/yr,496.2906083333333,366.1035,201.4258805555555,94.24548888888889,47.08554722222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,9.707041666666665,6.804555555555556,20.01065555555556,18.54871944444444,23.94721111111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0006583333333333334,0.0004111111111111111,2.5e-05,0.000225,2.777777777777778e-06, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,486.5829083333333,359.2985333333333,181.4152,75.69654722222222,23.13833333333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Heat,TWh/yr,167.5809916666666,165.2877138888889,158.9569611111111,151.5526861111111,145.9130027777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,2.888280555555555,21.78419722222222,43.91860833333333,62.61705833333333,78.05875555555556, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry,TWh/yr,895.9498972222221,871.7897361111111,809.6116694444445,760.7343055555556,721.3887249999999, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use,TWh/yr,654.0652333333334,656.1756055555555,622.1906083333333,601.097825,589.2637694444444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Electricity,TWh/yr,240.82,287.19,323.22,355.66,384.93, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases,TWh/yr,217.7545472222222,179.1616194444444,125.810275,82.49943055555555,47.08554722222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,4.259102777777778,3.329975,12.49862222222222,16.23694444444444,23.94721111111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0002888888888888889,0.0002027777777777778,1.666666666666667e-05,0.0001972222222222222,2.777777777777778e-06, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,213.4951555555555,175.8314444444444,113.3116361111111,66.26228888888889,23.13833333333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Heat,TWh/yr,47.53,39.91,30.99,22.93,15.62, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,2.888280555555555,21.7836,43.86003333333333,62.50763611111111,78.03538333333334, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids,TWh/yr,27.62250833333333,21.79065,15.48863055555556,9.276452777777777,3.044111111111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.7916777777777777,0.4185916666666667,0.0001027777777777778,0.1327472222222222,1.190541666666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,1.388888888888889e-05,8.333333333333334e-06,0.07828611111111111,0.3659333333333333,1.388180555555556, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,26.83081944444444,21.37205,15.41024444444444,8.777769444444443,0.4653888888888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids,TWh/yr,117.4498972222222,106.3397361111111,82.82166944444444,68.22430555555555,60.548725, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,48.13,54.43,55.79,57.31,58.66, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,69.31989722222222,51.90973611111111,27.03166944444444,10.91430555555556,1.888725, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Electricity,TWh/yr,240.82,287.19,323.22,355.66,384.93, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases,TWh/yr,290.97,240.71,174.78,120.0,74.19, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,5.691136111111111,4.473938888888888,17.36352222222222,23.61753611111111,37.73224722222223, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0003861111111111111,0.0002722222222222223,2.222222222222222e-05,0.0002888888888888889,5.555555555555556e-06, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,285.2784777777778,236.2357916666667,157.4164583333333,96.38217777777777,36.45774722222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Heat,TWh/yr,47.53,39.91,30.99,22.93,15.62, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,13.72,32.95,55.0,73.57,88.87, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids,TWh/yr,185.46,164.69,142.8,120.35,97.23, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,5.315388888888889,3.16365,0.0009499999999999999,1.722233333333334,38.02628611111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,8.61111111111111e-05,6.666666666666667e-05,0.7217611111111111,4.747505555555556,44.33900555555555, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,180.1445222222222,161.5262861111111,142.0772916666667,113.8802611111111,14.86470833333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids,TWh/yr,117.4498972222222,106.3397361111111,82.82166944444444,68.22430555555555,60.548725, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,48.13,54.43,55.79,57.31,58.66, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,69.31989722222222,51.90973611111111,27.03166944444444,10.91430555555556,1.888725, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids,TWh/yr,667.1142722222222,433.954075,166.3209472222222,72.83913333333334,35.53295277777777, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,19.11987777777778,8.336136111111111,0.001105555555555556,1.042344444444445,13.89680277777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0003138888888888889,0.0001722222222222222,0.8406444444444444,2.873322222222222,16.20380277777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,647.9940833333333,425.6177666666667,165.4792,68.92346944444445,5.432344444444444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use,TWh/yr,241.8846638888889,215.6141305555556,187.4210611111111,159.6364805555556,132.1249583333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Gases,TWh/yr,73.21545277777777,61.54838055555555,48.969725,37.50056944444444,27.10445277777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,1.432036111111111,1.143963888888889,4.864897222222222,7.380591666666666,13.78503888888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,9.722222222222222e-05,6.944444444444444e-05,5.555555555555556e-06,8.888888888888889e-05,2.777777777777778e-06, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,71.78331944444443,60.40434722222222,44.10482222222222,30.11988611111111,13.31941388888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,10.83171944444445,11.1664,11.13996666666667,11.06236388888889,10.83461666666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Liquids,TWh/yr,157.8374916666667,142.89935,127.3113694444444,111.0735472222222,94.1858888888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,4.523713888888889,2.745055555555556,0.0008472222222222223,1.589486111111111,36.83574722222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,7.500000000000003e-05,5.555555555555556e-05,0.643475,4.381572222222222,42.950825, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,153.3137055555556,140.1542361111111,126.6670472222222,105.1024888888889,14.39931944444444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Solids,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial,TWh/yr,899.1783444444444,803.9318305555555,638.2853805555555,569.7322999999999,530.3453333333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Electricity,TWh/yr,254.3504722222222,286.0259138888889,328.4986555555556,336.3421194444444,331.0634777777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Electricity|Heat Pumps,TWh/yr,19.15744444444445,38.21446388888889,82.78371388888888,87.98743333333333,82.5817861111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases,TWh/yr,278.5360611111111,186.9418805555555,75.61560555555556,11.74605833333333,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,5.447938888888889,3.474580555555555,7.512033333333333,2.311775,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0003694444444444444,0.0002111111111111111,8.333333333333334e-06,2.777777777777778e-05,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,273.0877527777778,183.4670888888889,68.10356388888889,9.434255555555556,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Heat,TWh/yr,94.21376666666666,99.54040277777779,102.1299555555556,102.7854222222222,104.456, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids,TWh/yr,140.6733361111111,97.66317222222222,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,4.031777777777778,1.876083333333333,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,6.666666666666667e-05,3.888888888888888e-05,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,136.6414916666667,95.78705277777777,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Solids,TWh/yr,131.4047083333333,133.7604638888889,132.0411638888889,118.8587,94.82585277777777, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,131.4047083333333,133.7604638888889,132.0411638888889,118.8587,94.82585277777777, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space and Water Heating,TWh/yr,672.0833694444444,576.8368583333333,411.1904083333333,342.6373277777778,303.2503583333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Solids,TWh/yr,248.8546055555555,240.1002,214.8628333333333,187.0830055555556,155.3745805555556, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,179.5347083333333,188.1904638888889,187.8311638888889,176.1687,153.4858527777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,69.31989722222222,51.90973611111111,27.03166944444444,10.91430555555556,1.888725, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation,TWh/yr,525.8440861111111,394.5126416666666,285.2741055555555,227.9021694444444,200.6033111111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation,TWh/yr,11.17683055555556,11.79533888888889,11.76519444444444,11.71113888888889,10.31611388888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Liquids,TWh/yr,11.17683055555556,11.79533888888889,11.76519444444444,11.71113888888889,10.31611388888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation,TWh/yr,2.675783333333333,2.203586111111111,1.573988888888889,0.9443944444444444,0.4721972222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Liquids,TWh/yr,2.675783333333333,2.203586111111111,1.573988888888889,0.9443944444444444,0.4721972222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Electricity,TWh/yr,39.991775,92.97791111111111,147.3493305555556,177.1961861111111,181.0572166666666, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0005972222222222222,0.058575,0.1094222222222222,0.02337222222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids,TWh/yr,485.8523111111111,301.5341305555556,137.8661972222222,50.59656388888889,19.52272222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,13.92480555555555,5.792386111111111,0.0009166666666666666,0.7240472222222222,7.635263888888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.4108361111111111,0.8213305555555555,2.065511111111111,3.912069444444444,11.22955555555555, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,471.9272777777778,295.741625,137.1684583333333,47.87660833333334,2.984672222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Methanol,TWh/yr,0.4106055555555556,0.8212111111111111,1.368686111111111,1.916161111111111,2.326766666666666, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Waste,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity,billion EUR2020/yr,37.82637,55.77772,42.77854,19.46928,3.68303, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Biomass,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0275,0.0215,0.022,0.06150000000000001,0.061, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0275,0.0215,0.022,0.06150000000000001,0.061, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Coal,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,3.80732,7.95612,6.52886,1.77044,0.19164, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Electricity Storage,billion EUR2020/yr,0.247,3.482,4.3195,1.0795,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Gas,billion EUR2020/yr,0.5325,0.5155000000000001,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Gas|w/ CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Gas|w/o CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,0.5325,0.5155000000000001,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Hydro,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Hydrogen,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,1.233,2.4985,1.269,0.0035, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Nuclear,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Oil,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Solar,billion EUR2020/yr,12.191,15.419,10.0855,3.562,0.108, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Transmission,billion EUR2020/yr,9.6567,12.62826,9.02433,3.99416,0.20089, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Transmission and Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,13.46402,20.58438,15.55319,5.76461,0.39253, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Transmission|AC,billion EUR2020/yr,2.43356,4.21969,4.43785,2.00177,0.20089, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Transmission|DC,billion EUR2020/yr,7.22314,8.40857,4.58648,1.99239,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Wind,billion EUR2020/yr,11.947,18.3415,14.9575,8.132,2.2685, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Wind Offshore,billion EUR2020/yr,3.6495,6.386,5.714,2.356,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Wind Onshore,billion EUR2020/yr,8.2975,11.9555,9.2435,5.776,2.2685, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Energiewende,billion EUR2020/yr,40.34152,64.35672,53.62929999999999,23.26286,3.0515, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat,billion EUR2020/yr,0.2035,1.0405,1.1565,0.3155,0.066, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat|Heatpump,billion EUR2020/yr,0.005500000000000001,0.8505,1.092,0.3095,0.0625, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat|Renewable,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1835,1.0395,1.1565,0.312,0.0625, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat|Solarthermal,billion EUR2020/yr,0.05,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen,billion EUR2020/yr,1.7965,3.46884,4.44861,2.70275,0.07297000000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen|Electrolysis,billion EUR2020/yr,0.75,2.256,4.0425,2.5365,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen|Fossil,billion EUR2020/yr,0.06,0.0415,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen|Storage,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen|Transmission,billion EUR2020/yr,0.9865,1.17134,0.40611,0.16625,0.07297000000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen|Transmission and Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,0.9865,1.17134,0.40611,0.16625,0.07297000000000001, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Liquids,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0125,0.293,0.588,0.3795,0.0825, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Liquids|Biomass,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.209,0.2915,0.0825, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Liquids|Hydrogen,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0125,0.293,0.379,0.088,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Price|Carbon,EUR2020/t CO2,78.88692,142.75246,466.88439,517.39219,340.56879, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Price|Carbon|National Climate Target,EUR2020/t CO2,62.29636,1e-05,0.0,0.0,0.04277, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Price|Primary Energy|Biomass,EUR2020/GJ,14.39361,18.09285,26.91378,25.09723,16.67635, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Price|Primary Energy|Coal,EUR2020/GJ,10.19244,15.08833,45.44412,50.07629,33.68476, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Price|Primary Energy|Gas,EUR2020/GJ,16.09978,14.63713,33.23576,36.18725,26.11467, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Price|Primary Energy|Oil,EUR2020/GJ,14.79996,20.9812,44.05777,47.60794,34.90802, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Price|Secondary Energy|Electricity,EUR2020/GJ,28.73485,21.76373,24.25805,21.53518,19.13544, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Price|Secondary Energy|Hydrogen,EUR2020/GJ,23.16177,26.54967,32.69676,31.01043,31.20597, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy,TWh/yr,2921.636725,2468.866975,1985.946358333333,1818.708172222222,1420.077102777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass,TWh/yr,321.1742555555555,242.4728083333333,232.7300361111111,228.0747166666667,209.9958916666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Electricity,TWh/yr,66.54257222222222,21.61867777777778,6.572044444444444,1.200486111111111,0.7243166666666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Gases,TWh/yr,15.41726666666667,12.33629166666667,30.34855,31.44514444444444,31.75660833333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Heat,TWh/yr,32.20360555555555,6.588794444444445,7.977677777777777,2.157413888888889,2.241255555555556, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Liquids,TWh/yr,27.47591388888889,13.73821944444444,3.611111111111111e-05,10.735225,15.33151944444444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.01236666666666666,0.01876111111111111,6.412125,82.33145277777778,99.00068888888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,293.6873472222222,228.716775,226.3179111111111,145.7432611111111,110.9952027777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal,TWh/yr,408.6944166666667,108.3820166666667,51.35471111111111,19.52598333333333,3.524280555555555, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Electricity,TWh/yr,266.9583333333333,10.4445,2.602741666666667,0.045625,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Hard Coal,TWh/yr,48.88228611111111,11.329075,1.445702777777778,0.1042611111111111,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Heat,TWh/yr,16.74396388888889,4.929736111111112,0.5722083333333333,0.05863888888888889,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Lignite,TWh/yr,234.8200111111111,4.045163888888889,1.72925,2.777777777777778e-06,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Fossil,TWh/yr,2194.464061111111,1528.3396,785.2803944444444,464.8949333333333,97.77061666666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas,TWh/yr,805.0194583333332,682.2481722222223,286.5951638888889,133.671675,55.47406388888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Electricity,TWh/yr,138.9203472222222,124.7562027777778,30.65085,12.47552777777778,9.453297222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Gases,TWh/yr,581.6317833333334,437.1910194444445,234.9166944444444,113.1783916666667,38.61338333333334, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Heat,TWh/yr,59.54884166666667,79.20095277777777,20.88495277777778,7.875463888888889,6.992133333333332, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,24.91848611111111,41.1,0.1426666666666667,0.1422916666666667,0.4152472222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Hydro,TWh/yr,19.58266111111111,24.35376666666667,23.24433888888889,22.335975,21.67435555555556, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Nuclear,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Oil,TWh/yr,980.7501861111111,737.7094111111112,447.3305194444444,311.6972722222222,38.77227499999999, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Oil|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.2128138888888889,0.1350611111111111,0.1784583333333334,0.07834722222222222,0.012725, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Oil|Heat,TWh/yr,0.2642861111111111,0.07732222222222222,0.05707777777777778,0.05203611111111111,0.01121666666666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Oil|Liquids,TWh/yr,980.2730833333333,737.497025,447.0949805555556,311.5668888888889,38.74833333333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Solar,TWh/yr,121.2919722222222,239.5192305555555,356.61395,420.8012666666667,412.3807222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Waste,TWh/yr,66.14893888888889,58.40590833333333,50.27648055555555,41.94731388888889,33.38441111111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Waste|Electricity,TWh/yr,13.84515,12.22463888888889,10.52310833333333,8.779758333333334,7.327619444444444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Waste|Heat,TWh/yr,52.30378888888889,46.18126944444444,39.75337500000001,33.16755277777778,26.05679166666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Wind,TWh/yr,198.9748333333333,375.7756638888889,537.8011583333333,640.6539694444444,644.8711027777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Production|Non-Metallic Minerals|Cement,Mt/yr,31.27762,35.4432,34.55028,33.79198,32.91588, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Production|Steel,Mt/yr,38.18185,43.05448,42.01037,41.016,40.76672, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Production|Steel|Primary,Mt/yr,26.9182,29.83245,27.69324,25.70063,24.65163, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Production|Steel|Secondary,Mt/yr,11.26365,13.22203,14.31714,15.31538,16.11508, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy,TWh/yr,2559.376980555555,2367.144566666666,1955.079533333333,1906.580163888889,1532.645258333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Electricity|Heat,TWh/yr,0.04899166666666666,21.56177222222222,51.78073888888889,50.98289444444444,47.00578055555555, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Electricity|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0004083333333333333,11.57839722222222,82.263075,204.5682611111111,183.2961194444445, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Electricity|Liquids,TWh/yr,2.074180555555555,1.491241666666667,9.100519444444444,7.986638888888889,7.645927777777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Hydrogen|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.0004055555555555555,0.0009888888888888888,12.84728333333333,23.86681944444445,19.39368333333334, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Hydrogen|Gases,TWh/yr,0.001322222222222222,0.0009444444444444444,4.722222222222222e-05,0.0004805555555555555,8.333333333333334e-06, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Hydrogen|Heat,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0002305555555555556,5.412377777777778,14.01324722222222,8.743322222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Hydrogen|Liquids,TWh/yr,8.712605555555555,6.263891666666667,41.229575,50.41914444444444,40.43462222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity,TWh/yr,568.9228222222222,744.9898388888889,958.0448944444445,1113.179858333333,1107.430375, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Biomass,TWh/yr,32.34606111111111,8.744863888888888,5.388263888888888,1.120952777777778,0.7927861111111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Biomass|Gaseous and Liquid,TWh/yr,11.52796666666667,4.519608333333333,0.1840222222222222,,, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Biomass|Solid,TWh/yr,20.81809166666667,4.225255555555555,5.204244444444444,1.120952777777778,0.7927861111111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0001194444444444444,9.166666666666667e-05,2.777777777777778e-06,4.722222222222222e-05,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,32.34593888888889,8.744769444444444,5.388261111111111,1.120905555555556,0.7927833333333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Coal,TWh/yr,96.59046944444444,6.268852777777777,1.185911111111111,0.04819722222222222,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Coal|Hard Coal,TWh/yr,19.36515,4.929572222222222,0.6138194444444445,0.04819722222222222,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Coal|Lignite,TWh/yr,77.22531666666667,1.339280555555556,0.5720888888888889,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Curtailment,TWh/yr,67.97956388888889,76.87015833333334,78.55731111111112,91.54423333333332,78.99581111111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Fossil,TWh/yr,187.2191638888889,93.51134722222223,25.03199444444444,10.82174722222222,13.64284444444444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas,TWh/yr,90.46626666666667,87.17487777777778,23.77240833333333,10.73411388888889,13.59921666666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Hydro,TWh/yr,17.022375,16.93335833333333,16.97585277777778,16.98255277777778,17.01532222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0002027777777777778,0.0005277777777777777,7.372174999999999,15.620425,11.56998055555555, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Non-Biomass Renewables,TWh/yr,335.9884861111111,630.9289388888889,910.0912972222221,1077.138958333333,1074.267147222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Nuclear,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Oil,TWh/yr,0.1624305555555556,0.06761666666666666,0.07367777777777777,0.03943611111111112,0.04363055555555555, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Solar,TWh/yr,119.9912777777778,238.2199166666666,355.3142861111111,419.5024333333333,412.3807222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Storage Losses,TWh/yr,0.8571861111111111,2.682397222222222,5.010941666666667,5.602469444444445,5.322905555555555, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Waste,TWh/yr,13.36890833333333,11.80416111111111,10.16116111111111,8.477777777777778,7.157616666666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Wind,TWh/yr,198.9748333333333,375.7756638888889,537.8011583333333,640.6539694444444,644.8711027777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Wind|Offshore,TWh/yr,47.47569166666666,134.3408333333333,233.0304666666667,303.7752194444444,293.3055388888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Wind|Onshore,TWh/yr,151.4991416666667,241.4348305555555,304.7706888888889,336.87875,351.5655638888888, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases,TWh/yr,788.2370027777778,667.2952916666667,305.4799444444444,159.7703361111111,85.01171666666666, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,15.41726666666667,12.33629166666667,30.34855,31.44514444444444,31.75660833333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.001058333333333333,0.0007555555555555555,3.611111111111111e-05,0.0003833333333333333,8.333333333333334e-06, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,772.8186805555555,654.9582444444444,275.1313583333333,128.3248083333333,53.2551, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat,TWh/yr,153.4202027777778,150.7611555555555,154.4943944444444,149.4141083333333,141.7420638888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Biomass,TWh/yr,28.77783888888889,6.005305555555555,7.221563888888889,2.087502777777778,2.453122222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Coal,TWh/yr,15.95142222222222,4.853986111111111,0.5710638888888888,0.06194722222222222,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.04948611111111111,21.54438888888889,76.34578888888888,81.627575,83.39563333333334, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Electricity|Heat Pumps,TWh/yr,0.001486111111111111,0.2958111111111111,37.23414444444445,45.7091,53.08394999999999, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Electricity|Resistive,TWh/yr,0.048,21.248575,39.11164444444444,35.918475,30.31168333333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Gas,TWh/yr,56.42609444444444,71.62616944444444,20.96176944444445,9.052763888888888,13.10506111111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0001888888888888889,4.38,11.59400833333333,7.205938888888888, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Oil,TWh/yr,0.2189638888888889,0.06959166666666666,0.05601111111111112,0.05605,0.07542499999999999, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Other,TWh/yr,0.1915527777777778,0.7695861111111111,5.2725,11.60875277777778,10.05460555555555, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Solar,TWh/yr,1.300186111111111,1.299119444444444,1.299655555555555,1.298763888888889,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Waste,TWh/yr,50.5046611111111,44.59282222222222,38.38604166666666,32.02674444444444,25.452275, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,18.21682777777778,36.98901388888888,52.18033055555555,132.1759333333333,118.9724444444444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.0002388888888888889,7.198288888888889,52.06601944444444,132.0509611111111,118.3722777777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Gas,TWh/yr,17.90658888888889,29.790725,0.1143138888888889,0.1249722222222222,0.6001694444444444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Other,TWh/yr,0.31,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids,TWh/yr,966.2902277777778,719.6495305555555,460.4583,342.2156222222222,77.59993055555556, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,27.47504722222222,13.73763611111111,1.388888888888889e-05,4.473369444444445,6.464952777777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Fossil,TWh/yr,931.15955,700.4078833333333,424.7117055555556,295.9366166666667,36.81179444444444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,7.655633333333332,5.504011111111112,35.74658055555555,41.80563611111111,34.32318333333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Oil,TWh/yr,931.15955,700.4078833333333,424.7117055555556,295.9366166666667,36.81179444444444, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Methanol,TWh/yr,7.655180555555555,5.503725,33.58728888888889,29.47629166666666,28.21882222222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Solids,TWh/yr,64.28989722222222,47.45973611111111,24.42166944444444,9.824305555555556,1.888725, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,179.5349,188.190825,187.8317305555555,182.5364472222222,159.9421944444445, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,64.28989722222222,47.45973611111111,24.42166944444444,9.824305555555556,1.888725, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Trade|Primary Energy|Biomass|Volume,TWh/yr,-78.57204999999999,-42.31464166666667,-44.56276944444445,-46.41036944444444,-25.76441388888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gross Import|Volume,TWh/yr,104.7087888888889,152.567725,206.5906194444444,236.3221138888889,236.8288722222222, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Electricity|Volume,TWh/yr,3.545630555555555,5.774680555555555,-33.28544444444444,-71.44513888888888,-79.53090833333333, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Gases|Biomass|Gross Import|Volume,TWh/yr,0.176575,0.1466805555555556,0.0022,0.02449444444444445,23.36048888888889, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Gases|Biomass|Volume,TWh/yr,-1.111111111111111e-05,-0.06759722222222223,0.0007111111111111111,0.0003722222222222222,-23.36020277777778, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Gases|Hydrogen|Gross Import|Volume,TWh/yr,2.777777777777778e-06,2.777777777777778e-06,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Gases|Hydrogen|Volume,TWh/yr,1.111111111111111e-05,2.777777777777778e-06,0.0,0.0,0.0, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Gross Import|Volume,TWh/yr,6.838030555555555,15.90715833333333,83.63406111111111,105.1779,107.7827916666667, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Volume,TWh/yr,-4.527508333333333,-2.227636111111111,-62.367525,-29.803175,-38.49256111111111, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Liquids|Biomass|Volume,TWh/yr,0.0001138888888888889,-5.696933333333333,-0.003391666666666667,3.179216666666667,-83.40725555555555, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Liquids|Hydrogen|Gross Import|Volume,TWh/yr,0.083125,5.740099999999999,0.0006944444444444445,0.03002777777777778,103.69955, -PyPSA-DE v0.1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Liquids|Hydrogen|Volume,TWh/yr,0.0001,-5.716480555555555,38.50965555555555,20.70927777777777,-91.28408611111111, -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity,GW/yr,18.8269918,21.5241293,22.6680149,23.980697,24.76116,24.4426344 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Biomass,GW/yr,0.08697160000000001,0.06810250000000001,2.000000000000001e-05,2.000000000000001e-05,2.000000000000001e-05,2.000000000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS,GW/yr,9.500000000000006e-06,1.420000000000001e-05,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS,GW/yr,0.0869621,0.068088299999999,2.000000000000001e-05,2.000000000000001e-05,2.000000000000001e-05,2.000000000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Coal,GW/yr,2.000000000000001e-05,4.200000000000002e-05,3.000000000000002e-05,3.010000000000002e-05,3.030000000000001e-05,3.060000000000002e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Coal|w/ CCS,GW/yr,8.000000000000005e-06,1.200000000000001e-05,0.0,1.000000000000001e-07,3.000000000000002e-07,6.000000000000004e-07 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Coal|w/o CCS,GW/yr,1.200000000000001e-05,3.000000000000002e-05,3.000000000000002e-05,3.000000000000002e-05,3.000000000000002e-05,3.000000000000002e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas,GW/yr,1.0513032,1.4063191,1.8915842,1.9611762,1.6685038,1.022257 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas|CC|w/ CCS,GW/yr,1.220000000000001e-05,0.0,0.0,3.000000000000002e-07,1.100000000000001e-06,2.000000000000001e-06 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas|CC|w/o CCS,GW/yr,0.0587262,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas|OC,GW/yr,0.7418497000000001,1.4062991,1.8915642,1.9611559,1.6684827,1.022235 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas|w/ CCS,GW/yr,1.220000000000001e-05,0.0,0.0,3.000000000000002e-07,1.100000000000001e-06,2.000000000000001e-06 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas|w/o CCS,GW/yr,1.051291,1.4063191,1.8915842,1.9611759,1.6685027,1.022255 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Geothermal,GW/yr,0.0201597,0.0009478,0.0027014,0.0060659,0.0116359,0.0190053 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Hydro,GW/yr,0.1390871,0.117746,0.08225500000000001,0.0490544,0.0283994,0.0216709 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Hydrogen,GW/yr,1.600000000000001e-05,2.400000000000001e-05,4.000000000000002e-07,8.000000000000005e-07,1.500000000000001e-06,0.34168 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Nuclear,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Oil,GW/yr,4.000000000000002e-06,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Oil|w/o CCS,GW/yr,4.000000000000002e-06,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Solar,GW/yr,11.1884615,12.5100947,14.1535987,15.0398001,15.1417256,14.5450635 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Solar|CSP,GW/yr,0.005557499999999001,0.0010936,0.0012492,0.0013596,0.0020867,0.0029362 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Solar|PV,GW/yr,11.1829039,12.509001,14.1523495,15.0384405,15.1396389,14.5421273 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Solar|PV|Open Field,GW/yr,11.1829039,12.509001,14.1523495,15.0384405,15.1396389,14.5421273 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Wind,GW/yr,6.340984699999999,7.420867100000001,6.537815499999999,6.924540299999999,7.910835,8.834577 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Wind|Offshore,GW/yr,1.3584259,1.8794841,1.6949892,1.7952512,2.0509572,2.290445899999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Wind|Onshore,GW/yr,4.9825587,5.541383100000001,4.8428263,5.1292891,5.8598778,6.5441311 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Gases|Biomass,GW/yr,4.000000000000002e-06,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Gases|Hydrogen,GW/yr,8.000000000000005e-06,1.200000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-07,3.000000000000002e-07,9.000000000000007e-07,2.000000000000001e-06 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Solar thermal,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Biomass,GW/yr,0.0139063,0.04930880000000001,0.06715399999999999,0.04603380000000001,0.01516,0.0009214000000000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Biomass|w/ CCS,GW/yr,0.0138983,0.0492928,0.06714400000000001,0.0460238,0.01515,0.0009114000000000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Biomass|w/o CCS,GW/yr,8.000000000000005e-06,1.600000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Coal|w/ CCS,GW/yr,8.000000000000005e-06,1.200000000000001e-05,0.0,2.000000000000001e-07,5.000000000000004e-07,1.100000000000001e-06 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Coal|w/o CCS,GW/yr,4.000000000000002e-06,1.000000000000001e-05,0.0005607,0.0012054,0.0007006,0.0002215 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Electricity,GW/yr,0.1150139,0.2195042,0.4773469,1.0049995,1.8239451,2.6904405 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Gas,GW/yr,0.1016006,0.07661699999999999,0.0102794,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Gas|w/ CCS,GW/yr,0.1015006,0.076517,0.0101794,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Gas|w/o CCS,GW/yr,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Liquids|Biomass,GW/yr,1.2680383,1.6617262,0.1947551,0.2795107,0.3649181,0.4258286000000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Liquids|Hydrogen,GW/yr,0.0019421,0.0,0.0,0.0288507,0.1731869,0.5037115999999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Liquids|Oil,GW/yr,1.095149,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity,GW,277.6686055,344.3801741999999,423.5470889,495.3584909,569.7353073,632.7289411 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Biomass,GW,8.1639841,8.429,7.906473100000001,5.8923887,3.4919844,1.558561 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS,GW,0.0,0.0001187,0.0001187,0.0001184,0.0001173,0.0001146 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS,GW,8.1639841,8.428881299999999,7.9063545,5.8922703,3.491867099999999,1.5584463 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Coal,GW,28.4632845,3.1793871,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0089547 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Coal|w/ CCS,GW,0.0,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Coal|w/o CCS,GW,28.4632845,3.1792871,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0088547 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas,GW,34.950298,37.554011,39.4302722,34.6182146,37.4758418,42.2509031 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas|CC|w/ CCS,GW,0.0001021,0.000102,0.0001016,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas|CC|w/o CCS,GW,13.2455028,12.6319603,11.4996025,2.2415534,0.028935,0.0176371 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas|OC,GW,9.334269299999999,14.4325386,22.26671049999999,30.93796540000001,37.43613230000001,42.2248898 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas|w/ CCS,GW,0.0001021,0.000102,0.0001016,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas|w/o CCS,GW,34.9501959,37.553909,39.43017070000001,34.61811460000001,37.4757418,42.2508031 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Geothermal,GW,0.3730588,0.3730588,0.3730588,0.3730588,0.3730588,0.3730588 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Hydro,GW,7.429676300000001,7.786663100000002,7.973769900000002,7.971230000000001,7.8369181,7.640323 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Hydrogen,GW,0.0,0.0002000000000000001,0.0002000000000000001,0.0002029,0.0002000000000000001,0.0002000000000000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Nuclear,GW,0.001,0.0008196000000000002,0.0006148999999999999,0.0004117000000000001,0.0002367,0.0001197 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Oil,GW,1.5901538,0.5262104,0.0001,0.0001491,0.0001952,0.0002339 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Oil|w/o CCS,GW,1.5901538,0.5262104,0.0001,0.0001491,0.0001952,0.0002339 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Other,GW,4.4121516,4.4748554,0.0296277,0.022543,0.015397,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar,GW,110.0451029,166.5583285,230.6747540999999,294.5024954,352.4116369999999,395.0482711 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar|CSP,GW,0.0451029,0.04965140000000001,0.0558773,0.059882,0.06483309999999999,0.07048059999999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar|PV,GW,110.0,166.5086771,230.6188768,294.4426134,352.3468038,394.9777905 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar|PV|Rooftop,GW,110.0,166.5086771,230.6188768,294.4426134,352.3468038,394.9777905 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Wind,GW,82.23989560000001,115.4976403,137.158118,151.9776967,168.1297383,185.8483158 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Wind|Offshore,GW,11.9199559,21.530349,29.0015294,35.1589777,41.286527,46.86573390000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Wind|Onshore,GW,70.3199397,93.96729120000002,108.1565886,116.818719,126.8432113,138.9825819 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Gases,GW,75.8964769,69.12688449999999,61.3495702,52.0244452,42.6535215,33.8030779 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Gases|Biomass,GW,0.273847,0.1712705,0.1523482,0.1229278,0.080301,0.0304174 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Gases|Hydrogen,GW,0.0,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat,GW,29.6893046,29.6642237,31.7490295,38.3599395,42.30078,45.33610230000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Solar thermal,GW,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen,GW,4.1690492,7.5378517,11.96343,18.0537675,34.77885010000001,62.1300947 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Biomass,GW,0.000951,0.1733525,0.5310204000000001,0.8328829999999999,0.9497374000000001,0.9438557000000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Biomass|w/ CCS,GW,0.000951,0.1732525,0.5308705,0.8326834999999999,0.9494897,0.943562799999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Biomass|w/o CCS,GW,0.0,0.0001,0.00015,0.0001995,0.0002477,0.0002929 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Coal,GW,0.0002381,0.0002651,0.0002002,0.0002000000000000001,0.0002000000000000001,0.0002000000000000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Coal|w/ CCS,GW,0.0,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Coal|w/o CCS,GW,0.0002381,0.0001651,0.0001002,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Electricity,GW,0.765559999999999,1.9193249,4.2346557,9.2593103,19.0357229,34.66719800000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Gas,GW,1.4594041,2.011865099999999,1.9145569,0.3696836,0.1639446,0.1338654 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Gas|w/ CCS,GW,0.590400699999999,1.1706424,1.1239858,0.1833401,0.0007772,0.0007279000000000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Gas|w/o CCS,GW,0.8690034000000001,0.8412227,0.7905710999999991,0.1863435,0.1631673,0.1331375 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Liquids|Biomass,GW,2.8023118,8.7855538,8.053824200000001,8.864505900000001,10.083193,11.6471352 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Liquids|Hydrogen,GW,0.0161838,0.0161693,0.0160407,0.0155773,0.375068,1.9963374 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Liquids|Oil,GW,108.4572312,82.7718153,63.1484435,46.46251120000001,35.0247743,26.0996436 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS,EUR2020/kW,5185.7138759265,4148.571100741199,3457.142583951,3457.142583951,3457.142583951,3457.142583951 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS,EUR2020/kW,2579.9108116047,2594.538294854101,2609.165778103501,2623.7932613529,2638.4207446023,2653.0482278517 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Coal|w/ CCS,EUR2020/kW,5808.591547331161,5531.106009254279,5253.620471082059,4976.134933005181,4698.649394928301,4421.16385685142 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Coal|w/o CCS,EUR2020/kW,2382.73931998998,2363.93682511014,2345.1343302303,2326.331835350461,2307.52934047062,2288.72684549544 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Gas|w/ CCS,EUR2020/kW,2882.37052510596,2723.09368657368,2563.81684794606,2404.54000931844,2245.26317078616,2085.98633215854 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Gas|w/o CCS,EUR2020/kW,1062.47837844792,1057.71205898484,1052.94573942642,1048.17941996334,1043.41310040492,1038.64678094184 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Geothermal,EUR2020/kW,3149.2900237953,3242.072283271501,3334.8545427477,3427.63680212856,3520.41906160476,3613.20132098562 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Hydro,EUR2020/kW,2593.74772527738,2648.09370989814,2702.439694518901,2756.78567913966,2811.131663760421,2865.47764838118 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Nuclear,EUR2020/kW,7652.8840821174,7508.84754880554,7364.811015493679,7220.774482181819,7076.737948869962,6932.701415558101 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Solar|CSP,EUR2020/kW,4976.2086463656,4185.07564771422,3901.42726262982,3626.097161929621,3314.18050812744,2965.46325787026 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Solar|PV,EUR2020/kW,457.12388871156,317.26712602158,251.91623616684,217.8901270497,194.85063361764,179.74523144634 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Wind|Offshore,EUR2020/kW,3766.12245608886,3136.2662017722,2653.47349592598,2273.49605530236,1968.381960363,1718.99539748202 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Wind|Onshore,EUR2020/kW,1567.91978021028,1433.17041535668,1322.39900387112,1226.2023956133,1142.20034796966,1071.30567460686 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Gases|Biomass|w/o CCS,EUR2020/kW,1287.40297242732,1287.40297242732,1287.40297242732,1287.40297242732,1287.40297242732,1287.40297242732 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Gases|Coal|w/o CCS,EUR2020/kW,1544.88356695092,1544.88356695092,1544.88356695092,1544.88356695092,1544.88356695092,1544.88356695092 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Hydrogen|Biomass|w/ CCS,EUR2020/kW,3282.8775796992,2626.302063759359,2188.58505316458,2188.58505316458,2188.58505316458,2188.58505316458 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Hydrogen|Biomass|w/o CCS,EUR2020/kW,2343.07340987874,1982.6005775457,1802.36416137918,1802.36416137918,1802.36416137918,1802.36416137918 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Hydrogen|Coal|w/ CCS,EUR2020/kW,2398.86087199374,2029.80535324014,1845.27759386334,1845.27759386334,1845.27759386334,1845.27759386334 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Hydrogen|Coal|w/o CCS,EUR2020/kW,1619.98207370286,1619.98207370286,1619.98207370286,1619.98207370286,1619.98207370286,1619.98207370286 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Hydrogen|Electricity,EUR2020/kW,2462.20104210654,1740.96132332934,1258.32517348566,977.8029910055403,825.8786331234601,720.91073599902 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Hydrogen|Gas|w/ CCS,EUR2020/kW,1435.90075121724,1435.90075121724,1435.90075121724,1435.90075121724,1435.90075121724,1435.90075121724 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Hydrogen|Gas|w/o CCS,EUR2020/kW,923.0790543130801,923.0790543130801,923.0790543130801,923.0790543130801,923.0790543130801,923.0790543130801 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Liquids|Biomass|w/ CCS,EUR2020/kW,5103.40095724284,4082.720765813339,3402.26730482856,3402.26730482856,3402.26730482856,3402.26730482856 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Liquids|Biomass|w/o CCS,EUR2020/kW,4505.910403590961,3604.728322853701,3003.94026902886,3003.94026902886,3003.94026902886,3003.94026902886 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Liquids|Coal|w/ CCS,EUR2020/kW,2928.84176227692,2343.07340987874,1952.56117488306,1952.56117488306,1952.56117488306,1952.56117488306 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Liquids|Coal|w/o CCS,EUR2020/kW,1866.73431001008,1866.73431001008,1866.73431001008,1866.73431001008,1866.73431001008,1866.73431001008 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Liquids|Oil,EUR2020/kW,461.5395271565399,461.5395271565399,461.5395271565399,461.5395271565399,461.5395271565399,461.5395271565399 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Carbon Intensity|Electricity,g CO2/kWh,253.7415345363968,102.5452579797178,45.95403559692058,20.24545939853662,15.25658502224682,15.98320698468087 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Carbon Intensity|EndUse,g CO2/kWh,231.9660020029182,223.5964205380061,216.6093028920816,203.2864184895376,177.9231886762608,146.4891877861942 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture,Mt CO2/yr,1.2911551000000001,3.552389,9.987535800000002,18.9327694,31.9042819,44.4423485 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Storage,Mt CO2/yr,0.4754007,3.5164773,9.9519082,18.8981665,31.0749077,39.02873140000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Storage|Biomass,Mt CO2/yr,0.0014465,1.0981029,5.295733999999999,11.5834099,18.8508923,24.9061615 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Storage|Biomass|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2/yr,0.0014465,1.0981029,5.163535299999999,11.2160512,18.1128178,23.7835787 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Storage|DACCS,Mt CO2/yr,0.0411441,0.1101108,0.1063618,0.0903769,0.0493041,2.600000000000002e-06 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Storage|Fossil,Mt CO2/yr,0.43281,2.3082636,4.5388815,7.153085799999999,11.9688051,13.7066972 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Storage|Fossil|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2/yr,0.43281,2.3082636,2.2309694,0.365734999999999,0.0028982,0.0025258 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Storage|Industrial Processes,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,0.808519099999999,2.4533543,4.832366400000002,5.8205689 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Storage|Industry,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,2.4510417,7.226003300000001,12.9098878,15.2426242 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Storage|Industry|Biomass,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,0.1321987,0.3673587,0.7380745,1.1225828 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Storage|Industry|Fossil,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,2.3079121,6.7873508,11.9659069,13.7041714 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Usage,Mt CO2/yr,0.0357796,0.0359117,0.0356276,0.034603,0.8293742000000001,4.4137171 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Usage|Synthetic Gases,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0001643,0.0001643,0.0001643,0.0001643,0.0001643 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Usage|Synthetic Liquids,Mt CO2/yr,0.0357796,0.035747399999999,0.0354633,0.0344387,0.8292098000000001,4.4135528 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Biomass,Mt CO2/yr,0.0039287,1.1093172,5.3146927,11.6046195,19.3540134,28.36085809999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Biomass|Energy|Demand|Industry,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,0.132672,0.3680314,0.7577733999999999,1.2782946 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Biomass|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2/yr,0.0039287,1.1093172,5.1820207,11.2365881,18.59624,27.0825635 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Biomass|Energy|Supply|Electricity,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.038885199999999,0.2491206,0.654366599999999,1.2543389,2.0288596 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Biomass|Energy|Supply|Gases,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0002617000000000001,0.4388164000000001,1.089084,1.8108975,2.3755709 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Biomass|Energy|Supply|Hydrogen,Mt CO2/yr,0.0039287,0.7156908000000001,2.1929787,3.4397413,3.922257399999999,3.897774 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Biomass|Energy|Supply|Liquids,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.3544794,2.301105,6.0533962,11.6087463,18.7803589 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Biomass|Energy|Supply|Other,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Direct Air Capture,Mt CO2/yr,0.1117445,0.1112353,0.1067425,0.0905424,0.05062000000000001,2.900000000000001e-06 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Fossil,Mt CO2/yr,1.175482,2.3318365,4.5551306,7.166183299999999,12.2882466,15.6079328 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Fossil|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2/yr,1.175482,2.3318365,2.2389562,0.3664047,0.0029755,0.0028762 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Fossil|Energy|Supply|Electricity,Mt CO2/yr,0.0001678,0.0006738,0.0006730999999999998,0.0006703999999999999,0.0006701999999999999,0.0006690000000000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Fossil|Energy|Supply|Gases,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Fossil|Energy|Supply|Hydrogen,Mt CO2/yr,1.1753142,2.3307822,2.2379026,0.3653538,0.0019249,0.0018267 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Fossil|Energy|Supply|Liquids,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0003805,0.0003805,0.0003805,0.0003805,0.0003805 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Fossil|Energy|Supply|Other,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Industrial Processes,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,0.8114136,2.457846399999999,4.9613399,6.627931399999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Industry,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,2.4598164,7.239234199999999,13.2544464,17.356906 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Industry|Biomass,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,0.132672,0.3680314,0.7577733999999999,1.2782946 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Industry|Fossil,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,2.3161744,6.799778599999999,12.2852711,15.6050566 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Carbon Sequestration,Mt CO2/yr,29.5616432,31.2247685,35.8888179,42.9294981,50.832067,57.03952580000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Carbon Sequestration|BECCS,Mt CO2/yr,0.0014465,1.0981029,5.295733999999999,11.58341,18.8508923,24.9061615 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Carbon Sequestration|DACCS,Mt CO2/yr,0.0411441,0.1101108,0.1063618,0.0903769,0.0493041,2.600000000000002e-06 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Carbon Sequestration|Enhanced Weathering,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Carbon Sequestration|Land Use,Mt CO2/yr,28.2861573,28.2861573,28.2861573,28.2861573,28.2861573,28.2861573 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Carbon Sequestration|Other,Mt CO2/yr,1.2328952,1.7303975,2.2005647,2.9695539,3.645713199999999,3.8472043 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Consumption,billion EUR2020/yr,2397.48755983464,2656.55926788714,2934.230868171121,3270.60367742304,3641.2444781391,4012.04343437688 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Cost|Total Energy System Cost,billion EUR2020/yr,161.89790340738,170.57232282972,155.43753934926,141.02509709064,133.2504594057,129.39937944024 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Cumulative Capacity|Electricity|Biomass,GW,5.128539299999999,5.5162248,5.686531199999999,5.6866312,5.6867312,5.686831199999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Cumulative Capacity|Electricity|Coal,GW,8.2930792,8.2932342,8.2934143,8.2935646,8.293715599999999,8.293867899999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Cumulative Capacity|Electricity|Gas,GW,34.6249704,40.76902620000001,49.01378449999999,58.6456855,67.7198855,74.4467875 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Cumulative Capacity|Electricity|Hydro,GW,2.2450612,2.887144,3.3871464,3.7154198,3.9090544,4.0342303 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Cumulative Capacity|Electricity|Solar|CSP,GW,0.0326994,0.04932719999999999,0.0551843,0.061706399999999,0.0703222,0.0828796 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Cumulative Capacity|Electricity|Solar|PV,GW,103.2475147,162.4772772,229.1306535,302.1076284,377.5528267,451.7572422 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Cumulative Capacity|Electricity|Wind,GW,74.48794640000001,108.8925759,143.7892826,177.4451723,214.5336106,256.3971406 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Cumulative Capacity|Gases|Biomass,GW,0.0721527,0.07218770000000001,0.0722377,0.07228770000000001,0.07233769999999999,0.0723877 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Cumulative Capacity|Hydrogen|Biomass,GW,0.0347658,0.1928034,0.4839603,0.7669296999999999,0.919914,0.9601172999999991 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Cumulative Capacity|Hydrogen|Electricity,GW,0.5011753999999999,1.3374706,3.0795985,6.7854645,13.8578259,25.14379 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Cumulative Capacity|Liquids|Biomass,GW,6.233284100000001,13.5576955,18.1988989,19.3845636,20.9956356,22.97250219999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Efficiency|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS,%,30.0,31.0,32.0,33.0,34.0,35.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Efficiency|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS,%,41.46277660000001,42.0,43.0,44.0,45.0,46.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Efficiency|Electricity|Coal|w/o CCS,%,44.2638577,44.0,45.0,45.0,46.0,46.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Efficiency|Electricity|Gas|w/ CCS,%,56.5044802,53.0,54.0,55.0,55.0,56.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Efficiency|Electricity|Gas|w/o CCS,%,65.19747709999999,61.0,61.0,62.0,62.0,63.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Efficiency|Gases|Biomass|w/o CCS,%,75.7388462,71.5910769,67.4433077,63.29553850000001,59.1477692,55.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Efficiency|Gases|Coal|w/o CCS,%,59.99333590000001,59.9946687,59.9960015,59.9973344,59.9986672,60.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Efficiency|Hydrogen|Biomass|w/ CCS,%,55.0,55.0,55.0,55.0,55.0,55.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Efficiency|Hydrogen|Biomass|w/o CCS,%,59.0,59.0,59.0,59.0,59.0,59.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Efficiency|Hydrogen|Coal|w/ CCS,%,53.0,53.0,53.0,53.0,53.0,53.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Efficiency|Hydrogen|Coal|w/o CCS,%,57.0,57.0,57.0,57.0,57.0,57.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Efficiency|Hydrogen|Electricity,%,63.0,65.0,67.0,69.0,71.0,73.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Efficiency|Hydrogen|Gas|w/ CCS,%,70.0,70.0,70.0,70.0,70.0,70.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Efficiency|Hydrogen|Gas|w/o CCS,%,73.0,73.0,73.0,73.0,73.0,73.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Efficiency|Liquids|Biomass|w/ CCS,%,41.0,41.0,41.0,41.0,41.0,41.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Efficiency|Liquids|Biomass|w/o CCS,%,41.0,41.0,41.0,41.0,41.0,41.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Efficiency|Liquids|Coal|w/ CCS,%,40.0,40.0,40.0,40.0,40.0,40.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Efficiency|Liquids|Coal|w/o CCS,%,40.0,40.0,40.0,40.0,40.0,40.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Efficiency|Liquids|Oil,%,92.379134,92.10580719999999,91.8324804,91.55915360000002,91.2858268,91.0125 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CH4,Mt CH4/yr,1.8387417,1.6208664,1.5424357,1.504427,1.4612755,1.4389286 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CH4|AFOLU,Mt CH4/yr,1.2481061,1.2845062,1.2320591,1.2078262,1.1673636,1.1442783 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CH4|Energy,Mt CH4/yr,0.0147777,0.0130776,0.011649,0.0097142,0.0086819,0.0065393 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CH4|Energy|Supply,Mt CH4/yr,0.0147777,0.0130776,0.011649,0.0097142,0.0086819,0.0065393 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2,Mt CO2/yr,593.4012608999999,428.756765,303.2327918,200.6747281,133.2201825,85.5137163 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|AFOLU,Mt CO2/yr,-15.2694907,-15.7461573,-15.2694907,-14.792824,-14.462824,-14.3894907 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|ESR,Mt CO2/yr,278.7454548,215.9416558,155.9004954,102.5367118,68.5918981,43.18357990000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|ETS,Mt CO2/yr,329.9252966999999,228.5612665,162.601787,112.9308403,79.09110840000001,56.7196271 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy,Mt CO2/yr,590.0935732000002,426.2198741,300.7302381999999,199.1856367,133.1644427,86.5181623 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy incl Bunkers,Mt CO2/yr,619.3780353000001,451.9680557999999,324.9871555999999,221.0851169,152.6768829,102.9772625 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy incl Bunkers|Demand,Mt CO2/yr,382.3793402,316.356066,246.6127719,180.6500768,127.2744379,84.91960740000002 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand,Mt CO2/yr,359.6025239,293.8812287000001,223.9843323,159.539057,108.4225857,69.23158780000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers,Mt CO2/yr,29.2844621,25.7481817,24.2569174,21.8994802,19.5124402,16.4591002 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers|Aviation,Mt CO2/yr,20.9169433628629,18.23804326657519,16.9195181128283,15.1431803404803,13.3635817918845,11.1576327263825 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers|Navigation,Mt CO2/yr,8.386000591006782,7.526388492538561,7.352708131640521,6.77012097007933,6.16117301063846,5.31185503233264 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Residential and Commercial,Mt CO2/yr,104.768358,86.5267404,66.195895,46.1601945,32.36152939999999,22.8985689 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation,Mt CO2/yr,134.2926944,96.89074029999999,60.13234480000001,31.5085064,16.71316,4.986673400000002 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2/yr,230.4910493,132.3386454,76.7459059,39.6465796,24.741857,17.2865745 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Electricity,Mt CO2/yr,146.8937655,65.89188829999999,33.3879786,15.8312789,12.9305203,14.7517515 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Electricity and Heat,Mt CO2/yr,179.4754732,90.27612220000002,44.9120643,21.7450869,18.2184686,21.2657626 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Heat,Mt CO2/yr,32.5817078,24.3842339,11.5240857,5.913808100000001,5.2879483,6.514010999999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Hydrogen,Mt CO2/yr,2.8051326,1.4830482,-0.1332128,-2.9738364,-3.463683,-3.1317071 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Industry + Processes,Mt CO2/yr,139.1597939,128.856907,115.5344984,98.24264840000001,73.9157641,54.7313926 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Land-Use Change,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,-15.2694907,-15.7461573,-15.2694907,-14.792824,-14.462824,-14.3894907 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|F-Gases,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,14.907223,14.337931,13.768639,13.199346,12.630054,12.060762 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy,Mt CO2/yr,591.3321987999998,429.0483745,308.3576421000001,213.9866426,156.0963527,115.8312538 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry,Mt CO2/yr,121.7786505,112.1941455,100.119961,85.45531079999999,64.1669885,46.8758582 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2/yr,230.4924958,133.4367482999999,81.9094412,50.86263089999999,42.85467480000001,41.0701533 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Electricity,Mt CO2/yr,146.8937655,65.9303804,33.63621060000001,16.4844494,14.1522518,16.5334715 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Gases,Mt CO2/yr,8.1458997,8.2565267,8.063045200000001,7.462015799999999,6.6326351,5.668000599999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Heat,Mt CO2/yr,32.5817078,24.3842339,11.5240857,5.913808100000001,5.2879483,6.514010999999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Hydrogen,Mt CO2/yr,2.8065791,2.191504,2.051943099999999,0.4596182,0.3566125,0.2912707 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Liquids,Mt CO2/yr,23.2749561,18.4293568,14.5481378,11.0682684,8.649008599999998,6.727044799999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Solids,Mt CO2/yr,16.7895876,14.2447465,12.086019,9.474471,7.776218400000001,5.3363546 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross|Kyoto Gases|Energy|Demand,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,357.2559834,295.0152246,226.7280747,163.3604453,113.1722372,74.36792890000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross|Kyoto Gases|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,242.1240634,139.7721649,85.524722,53.0166438,44.59090560000001,42.719242 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|HFC,kt HFC134a-equiv/yr,4.945431,5.848895,6.752359,7.655823999999999,8.559288,9.462752000000002 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,696.0698659999999,519.5704961,387.5201746,281.3483496,211.5398052,161.7146048 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|AFOLU,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,45.72459220000001,45.8902143,44.0640688,42.9853666,42.09311750000001,40.88160719999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Agriculture|ESR,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,56.20954800000001,57.1276664,54.85323939999999,53.3163025,52.09035650000001,50.8100629 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Demand|Transport|ESR,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,137.2166207,99.56768310000001,62.04069639999999,32.5334004,17.3043072,5.364582299999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|ESR,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,349.8874226,282.2566487,219.3050986,163.6697516999999,128.2296937,101.4788628 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|ETS,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,341.7601763,234.2133684,165.2356075,114.8101878,80.6772964,58.10343570000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Energy,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,598.1414212,431.958889,304.6253928,201.5760832,134.8312328,87.7740794 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,235.614971,135.4007175,78.732709,41.0121321,25.8174999,18.1645827 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Fugitive Emissions,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,3.568137000000001,2.0802479,1.2584822,0.7671355999999999,0.548358,0.4768412 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Fugitive Emissions|ETS,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,3.568137000000001,2.0802479,1.2584822,0.7671355999999999,0.548358,0.4768412 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Industrial Processes,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,40.23650330000001,35.32111980000001,32.2940625,30.0854334,27.7084671,25.9516096 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Industry,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,154.2703289,142.5115234,128.3216772,111.167329,86.39577529999998,66.52687449999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Industry|ESR,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,39.6844024,32.52417510000001,29.5722556,24.8680109,19.5172087,15.2983376 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Industry|ETS,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,99.67870349999998,95.6494173,84.9807826,73.09997209999999,54.24851270000001,39.1677749 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Land-Use Change,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,-10.4849558,-11.237452,-10.7891705,-10.3309359,-9.997239,-9.928455699999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Other,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,14.907223,14.337931,13.768639,13.199346,12.630054,12.060762 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Waste|ESR,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,12.0084935,6.5103837,6.643012199999999,6.791843400000001,6.956291900000001,7.107310999999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|N2O,kt N2O/yr,136.8928865,117.3265735,103.1341261,95.6615818,93.486247,90.00047289999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|N2O|AFOLU,kt N2O/yr,80.2361441,79.85469,76.81352330000001,73.5742188,73.22330609999999,70.83120460000002 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|PFC,kt CF4-equiv/yr,0.102112,0.118955,0.135798,0.15264,0.169483,0.186325 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|SF6,kt SF6/yr,0.202141,0.180931,0.159721,0.13851,0.1173,0.09609000000000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Energy Service|Residential and Commercial|Floor Space,bn m2/yr,5.272,5.359,5.432,5.503,5.566,5.611 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Freight,bn tkm/yr,600.1400507934883,613.9649813517058,627.5156423034855,638.2727085268276,660.0847214285942,671.3848814054008 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Freight|Domestic Navigation,bn tkm/yr,38.8935702791074,41.5791813232079,42.94588969709049,42.8737929006556,42.34771465811529,42.73575612338181 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Freight|International Shipping,bn tkm/yr,1132.5888910858,1085.83472864806,1083.66240269835,1072.62728919612,1088.10604359477,1093.80766250676 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Freight|Rail,bn tkm/yr,123.527281932107,131.379729169678,141.375204083805,149.946500458516,160.539551546075,167.091761146116 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Freight|Road,bn tkm/yr,437.7191985822739,441.00607085882,443.19454852259,445.452415167656,457.197455224404,461.5573641359031 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Freight|Road|BEV,bn tkm/yr,6.83586197010033,36.0479529998546,115.690184197088,204.806686658875,260.089171032712,388.9531000288999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Freight|Road|FCEV,bn tkm/yr,0.947629769909597,3.06396417699274,6.497825771144289,11.7970769699767,17.8499277801049,29.8029705746674 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Freight|Road|ICE,bn tkm/yr,428.4056072452719,397.888177308361,315.198781746854,221.842802364621,170.869152351043,40.4135047045612 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger,bn pkm/yr,1136.902977443479,1142.585155793654,1161.039847191737,1173.470418815018,1204.834657855926,1233.57878184615 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Bicycling and Walking,bn pkm/yr,85.97727422193572,83.064775185144,80.75426048549052,78.05528213985338,79.2341478549012,80.534985215428 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Domestic Aviation,bn pkm/yr,7.71587046422873,8.238908004485017,8.465852490422861,7.60123823374564,6.99999644438548,6.90228885094973 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|International Aviation,bn pkm/yr,200.001804434274,195.357241165271,194.347039855768,191.669991286092,193.325818394531,193.022481760207 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Rail,bn pkm/yr,139.550227925147,153.480383459942,157.922054251294,159.170946800462,168.693998902191,178.15075449079 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Road,bn pkm/yr,903.6596048321674,897.801089144083,913.8976799645295,928.6429516409567,949.9065146544486,967.9907532889819 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Road|2W and 3W,bn pkm/yr,13.0993156634441,12.0578110456645,11.1488907210606,10.3719735394979,10.4114929231185,10.5329453863756 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Road|Bus,bn pkm/yr,68.41903771753279,80.27570261754208,85.5565227799659,87.91318173164721,93.28049996471161,98.39134580788298 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Road|LDV,bn pkm/yr,921.2178413365712,900.590161711685,909.0954176700541,918.7850520491581,935.860162544637,950.134392696528 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Road|LDV|BEV,bn pkm/yr,76.86919484023011,274.281021369831,529.412177593632,748.145415826859,881.871404228708,926.6137517852129 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Road|LDV|FCEV,bn pkm/yr,4.423155306422489,5.556328376964621,7.694289208625208,10.0909603442931,12.4529910238092,13.6318587636511 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Road|LDV|ICE,bn pkm/yr,793.1784370223352,559.937015059337,307.070402715501,120.813004834721,27.5408618619268,8.463855769013 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy,TWh/yr,2208.048083333334,2026.933833333333,1814.101416666667,1613.234194444445,1476.737305555555,1366.1275 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy incl Non-Energy Use incl Bunkers,TWh/yr,2608.189027777779,2370.207583333333,2161.156805555555,1964.683333333333,1858.794277777778,1752.508444444445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers,TWh/yr,113.4352222222223,106.0093888888889,101.5125,98.0306111111111,96.87738888888889,94.80263888888888 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation,TWh/yr,81.02256679928804,75.08845788863002,70.80583897519416,67.78634282484475,66.34846331914694,64.26633583894777 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids,TWh/yr,81.02256679928804,75.08845788863002,70.80583897519416,67.78634282484475,66.34846331914694,64.26633583894777 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,2.504689423311022,6.626231113914555,6.550654632573806,8.897704725555807,11.93220136390044,15.49757146442945 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0008227105757597222,0.001103401685547222,0.743479714886303,2.044868052440894,4.252666640364805,6.885758644854167 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,78.5170546654011,68.46112337303002,63.51170462773389,56.84377004684806,50.16359531488194,41.88300572966417 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Liquids,TWh/yr,113.4352222222223,106.0093888888889,101.5125,98.0306111111111,96.87738888888889,94.80263888888888 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation,TWh/yr,32.48348868554361,30.98714577627917,30.77006475768417,30.30550589275444,30.58943087754444,30.59550962172361 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids,TWh/yr,32.48348868554361,30.98714577627917,30.77006475768417,30.30550589275444,30.58943087754444,30.59550962172361 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,1.004177647746894,2.734481373671653,2.846715329792722,3.977931715376278,5.501246458147333,7.377985545053305 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0003298403239355555,0.0004553465318272222,0.3230936784901416,0.914207172575761,1.960658103186811,3.278128309655806 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,31.47898119747278,28.25220905607555,27.60025574940135,25.41336700480231,23.12752631621041,19.93939576701445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Carbon Dioxide Removal,TWh/yr,0.2235,0.2224722222222222,0.2135,0.1810833333333331,0.10125,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Carbon Dioxide Removal|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.04469444444444444,0.0445,0.04269444444444444,0.03622222222222222,0.02025,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Carbon Dioxide Removal|Gases,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Carbon Dioxide Removal|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0002222222222222224,0.1448611111111111,0.0002222222222222224,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Carbon Dioxide Removal|Liquids,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Electricity,TWh/yr,540.0794722222222,592.8056944444444,663.763861111111,699.197861111111,730.2348611111111,748.9777777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases,TWh/yr,520.9413055555556,483.2868611111111,430.1983055555555,367.3228055555556,279.0412222222222,221.8747777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,18.47844444444445,21.34127777777778,22.72655555555556,24.36819444444445,24.22319444444445,25.34247222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0007777777777777777,0.00075,0.0007777777777777777,0.0007777777777777777,0.0007777777777777777 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,502.4628611111111,461.9448333333333,407.4710277777777,342.9538333333334,254.8172777777778,196.5315277777777 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Heat,TWh/yr,117.7305277777778,119.7903055555555,116.2899722222222,129.2369444444444,137.1238333333333,144.54425 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,12.93833333333333,27.51905555555555,41.18391666666667,49.53166666666667,74.82400000000003,95.53252777777774 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry,TWh/yr,1045.175611111111,959.3768333333334,920.9345,881.7556111111114,875.6233888888889,846.7511388888888 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use,TWh/yr,758.4698611111111,722.1124722222222,675.3916111111108,628.3371111111112,590.4438055555559,555.172861111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals,TWh/yr,138.4635833333334,126.4511388888889,114.6185833333334,106.4008333333333,94.82430555555555,85.08911111111114 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Electricity,TWh/yr,55.03913888888889,55.29738888888889,49.39677777777777,44.63286111111111,40.37463888888889,34.82841666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Gases,TWh/yr,22.498,17.93577777777778,13.98686111111111,11.50047222222222,12.21261111111111,9.652583333333336 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,4.936583333333333,11.32316666666667,13.38430555555556,13.21813888888889,10.43422222222222,10.43583333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Liquids,TWh/yr,47.35294444444444,41.19422222222222,36.45691666666666,35.7623611111111,28.65327777777777,26.47163888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Solids,TWh/yr,8.636944444444444,0.7005833333333333,1.393694444444444,1.287,3.149527777777778,3.700638888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Electricity,TWh/yr,221.1768611111111,215.7175833333333,212.5076111111111,204.8591111111111,210.5663333333333,208.7549444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases,TWh/yr,169.7795277777777,157.0576111111111,148.2524166666667,136.6429722222222,108.1186388888889,95.94541666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,6.710555555555556,6.987583333333333,7.877333333333336,9.523555555555555,9.391222222222222,10.58413888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,163.0689722222222,150.0700277777778,140.3750833333333,127.1194166666667,98.72744444444443,85.36125000000003 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Heat,TWh/yr,44.48230555555556,38.02427777777778,34.00477777777778,36.52980555555555,41.16811111111111,45.86519444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,11.12213888888889,24.59519444444444,36.64255555555555,42.88083333333334,66.34627777777777,83.76947222222223 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids,TWh/yr,107.5714166666667,96.57072222222223,91.64583333333333,88.70355555555555,70.57925,60.54472222222223 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,1.308027777777778,8.881055555555555,8.643166666666668,11.659,12.7945,14.60463888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.06208333333333333,0.01369444444444444,1.335055555555555,2.928666666666667,4.522888888888889,6.494555555555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,106.2013055555556,87.67599999999997,81.66763888888887,74.11591666666666,53.26186111111112,39.44552777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals,TWh/yr,67.41458333333333,67.93525,64.45494444444445,62.54808333333333,57.04458333333334,53.46683333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Electricity,TWh/yr,10.54644444444444,10.55288888888889,10.25352777777778,9.485666666666667,9.608194444444445,9.338944444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Gases,TWh/yr,20.793,27.70588888888889,23.83538888888889,21.8385,12.961,9.814166666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,1.066305555555555,1.757416666666667,3.243833333333333,3.774111111111111,6.037388888888889,6.831083333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Liquids,TWh/yr,5.835722222222222,7.557111111111111,6.644555555555556,7.296222222222222,6.749138888888889,5.897416666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Solids,TWh/yr,29.17313888888889,20.36191666666667,20.47766666666667,20.15358333333333,21.68886111111111,21.58522222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids,TWh/yr,204.3376111111111,190.1470833333333,152.3384444444444,118.7208055555556,93.66516666666666,60.29311111111112 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,60.49297222222222,37.53122222222223,13.70641666666667,0.2362777777777778,0.1062222222222222,0.003388888888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,143.8446388888889,152.6158611111111,138.6320277777778,118.4845277777778,93.55897222222222,60.28972222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel,TWh/yr,183.5009166666666,198.5211111111111,181.74875,167.0104444444444,154.4558333333334,139.434 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Electricity,TWh/yr,21.75327777777778,23.70491666666667,29.24477777777778,34.25044444444444,39.58544444444444,43.64033333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Gases,TWh/yr,21.87016666666668,21.95369444444444,35.87669444444445,45.88994444444445,37.45722222222222,41.61908333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,2.015416666666666,21.07911111111111,31.75161111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Liquids,TWh/yr,1.07325,1.077333333333333,0.7541388888888889,0.5028888888888888,0.3056944444444444,0.1113055555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Primary,TWh/yr,166.1127222222222,179.1979444444444,160.9775555555555,144.8418333333333,131.0485277777778,116.7161666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Secondary,TWh/yr,17.38819444444444,19.32316666666667,20.77116666666668,22.16861111111111,23.40733333333334,22.71783333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Solids,TWh/yr,138.8042222222222,151.7851388888889,115.8731388888889,84.35175,56.02838888888889,22.31166666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries,TWh/yr,369.0907777777778,329.205,314.5693333333333,292.37775,284.1191111111111,277.1828888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Electricity,TWh/yr,133.838,126.1623888888889,123.6125277777778,116.4901666666667,120.9980555555556,120.94725 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Gases,TWh/yr,104.6183888888889,89.46227777777779,74.55347222222221,57.41405555555555,45.48783333333333,34.85958333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Heat,TWh/yr,44.48230555555556,38.02427777777778,34.00477777777778,36.52980555555555,41.16811111111111,45.86519444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,5.119277777777778,11.51461111111111,20.01444444444445,23.87319444444444,28.79555555555556,34.75094444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Liquids,TWh/yr,53.3095,46.74202777777778,47.79019444444445,45.14208333333334,34.87113888888889,28.06436111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Solids,TWh/yr,27.72330555555555,17.29941666666667,14.59394444444445,12.92847222222222,12.79838888888889,12.69555555555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Electricity,TWh/yr,221.1768611111111,215.7175833333333,212.5076111111111,204.8591111111111,210.5663333333333,208.7549444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases,TWh/yr,251.9617222222222,228.18375,214.5051111111111,196.6726388888889,187.2451944444444,166.6169166666666 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,10.14175,10.14175,11.37188888888889,13.71619444444445,16.21497222222223,18.21305555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,241.8148888888889,218.0384166666666,203.1308888888889,182.9552777777778,171.0298055555555,148.4034166666666 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.005111111111111111,0.003583333333333333,0.002333333333333334,0.001166666666666667,0.0003888888888888889,0.0004444444444444445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Heat,TWh/yr,44.48230555555556,38.02427777777778,34.00477777777778,36.52980555555555,41.16811111111111,45.86519444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,11.12213888888889,24.59519444444444,36.64255555555555,42.88083333333334,66.34627777777777,83.76947222222223 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids,TWh/yr,280.5453888888889,259.9306944444444,264.3343888888889,275.3745833333333,256.2263055555555,254.3572222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,2.402222222222222,24.70177777777778,25.10816666666666,36.02958333333333,46.48708333333333,61.29513888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.1211388888888889,0.01369444444444444,4.011,9.11711111111111,16.35577777777778,27.22633333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,278.0220277777777,235.2147777777778,235.2145,230.22675,193.3819722222222,165.8337777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0004444444444444445,0.0007222222222222222,0.001166666666666667,0.0015,0.001944444444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids,TWh/yr,235.8871666666667,192.9253333333333,158.9400833333333,125.4386388888889,114.0711666666667,87.38741666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,69.45611111111111,38.06041666666667,14.27216666666667,0.2362777777777778,0.1062222222222222,0.003388888888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,166.4310555555556,154.8649166666666,144.6679166666667,125.2023611111111,113.9649444444444,87.38402777777777 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids,TWh/yr,771.7540555555556,590.7708055555555,401.3133611111111,246.4006111111111,160.4204166666666,94.44263888888887 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,17.48172222222222,43.99630555555555,37.68777777777778,32.88566666666667,28.61394444444444,22.78666666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.06208333333333333,0.1211111111111111,4.758055555555556,7.702916666666666,10.23994444444444,10.12566666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,754.21025,546.6533888888889,358.8675277777778,205.8120277777778,121.5665277777778,61.53030555555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use,TWh/yr,286.70575,237.2643611111111,245.5428888888889,253.4185,285.1795833333334,291.5783055555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals,TWh/yr,286.70575,237.2643611111111,245.5428888888889,253.4185,285.1795833333334,291.5783055555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Gases,TWh/yr,82.18219444444446,71.12613888888889,66.25269444444444,60.02966666666666,79.12652777777781,70.6715 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Liquids,TWh/yr,172.9739722222222,163.3599722222222,172.6885555555556,186.6710277777778,185.6470555555555,193.8125 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Solids,TWh/yr,31.54955555555556,2.77825,6.601638888888888,6.717833333333333,20.40600000000001,27.09430555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Gases,TWh/yr,82.18219444444446,71.12613888888889,66.25269444444444,60.02966666666666,79.12652777777781,70.6715 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,3.431194444444444,3.154138888888889,3.494555555555555,4.192638888888889,6.823777777777778,7.628888888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,78.751,67.97197222222222,62.75813888888889,55.83702777777777,72.30277777777778,63.04261111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Liquids,TWh/yr,172.9739722222222,163.3599722222222,172.6885555555556,186.6710277777778,185.6470555555555,193.8125 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,1.094194444444444,15.82072222222222,16.465,24.37058333333334,33.69258333333333,46.69052777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.05908333333333333,0.0,2.675944444444444,6.188444444444444,11.83288888888889,20.73177777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,171.8207222222222,147.53925,153.5476111111111,156.112,140.1215833333333,126.3901944444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Solids,TWh/yr,31.54955555555556,2.77825,6.601638888888888,6.717833333333333,20.40600000000001,27.09430555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial,TWh/yr,883.2856388888889,832.414861111111,757.6751944444447,679.047111111111,622.2246666666666,577.9889166666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Appliances and Lighting,TWh/yr,208.3878888888889,219.3295833333333,230.5208888888889,226.1461388888889,224.0805555555556,220.36075 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Appliances and Lighting|Electricity,TWh/yr,208.3878888888889,219.3295833333333,230.5208888888889,226.1461388888889,224.0805555555556,220.36075 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Electricity,TWh/yr,278.0686666666667,301.3708888888888,329.1511944444445,337.7813888888888,346.92525,347.7845 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases,TWh/yr,349.3601111111111,324.1611944444444,279.6988888888889,228.9743888888889,169.7528333333333,125.6829166666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,11.70211111111111,14.26233333333333,14.73055555555556,14.73055555555556,14.73055555555556,14.73055555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0007777777777777777,0.0005277777777777777,0.0007777777777777777,0.0007777777777777777,0.0007777777777777777 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,337.658,309.8981111111111,264.9678055555556,214.2430555555556,155.0215,110.9515833333334 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Heat,TWh/yr,73.06944444444444,81.58805555555556,82.1146388888889,92.70713888888885,95.87494444444445,98.67905555555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids,TWh/yr,142.5206944444444,102.6806944444444,57.69688888888889,16.76072222222222,8.243833333333333,5.380055555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,1.505944444444445,8.631777777777778,5.385555555555556,2.214694444444445,1.487361111111111,1.30075 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.1074444444444444,0.7834722222222222,0.5411388888888888,0.5266388888888889,0.5766666666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,141.0147222222222,93.94147222222219,51.52786111111111,14.00488888888889,6.229833333333333,3.502638888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Non-Heating|Electricity,TWh/yr,208.3878888888889,219.3295833333333,230.5208888888889,226.1461388888889,224.0805555555556,220.36075 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Solids,TWh/yr,40.26674999999999,22.614,9.01358333333333,2.8235,1.427805555555556,0.4623888888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,37.79541666666667,21.22608333333334,8.460388888888888,2.650222222222222,1.340166666666667,0.434 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,2.471333333333333,1.387916666666666,0.5531944444444444,0.1732777777777778,0.08763888888888889,0.02838888888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Electricity|Heat Pumps,TWh/yr,18.93363888888889,25.59097222222222,36.12252777777778,49.09538888888889,59.20911111111111,66.4636111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Electricity|Resistive,TWh/yr,50.74711111111111,56.45033333333333,62.50777777777778,62.53986111111111,63.63558333333333,60.96013888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Gases,TWh/yr,337.6508611111111,309.893,264.96475,214.2416944444444,155.0211388888889,110.9512777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Heat,TWh/yr,73.06944444444444,81.58805555555556,82.1146388888889,92.70713888888885,95.87494444444445,98.67905555555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0007777777777777777,0.0005277777777777777,0.0007777777777777777,0.0007777777777777777,0.0007777777777777777 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Liquids,TWh/yr,142.5206944444444,102.6806944444444,57.69688888888889,16.76072222222222,8.243833333333333,5.380055555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Solids,TWh/yr,40.26674999999999,22.614,9.01358333333333,2.8235,1.427805555555556,0.4623888888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space and Water Heating,TWh/yr,674.89775,613.0852500000001,527.1543333333333,452.901,398.1441111111111,357.6281666666666 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Solids,TWh/yr,244.6043611111111,212.7610833333333,161.3520277777777,121.5443055555556,95.09297222222222,60.7555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,98.28838888888887,58.75730555555555,22.16680555555556,2.8865,1.446388888888889,0.4373888888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Solids|Biomass|Traditional,TWh/yr,1.283444444444444,0.7061944444444445,0.2604166666666664,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,146.3159722222222,154.0037777777778,139.1852222222222,118.6578333333334,93.6465833333333,60.31811111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation,TWh/yr,566.0690833333333,472.1840277777778,380.8211111111111,305.6688888888888,263.9676111111111,232.9657222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus,TWh/yr,11.2003113237122,11.97184359700736,10.18442608903294,7.839927965921055,6.778757946606806,4.441948455895722 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.1148352886906308,0.5899492981906528,1.503573920539092,2.292643225749881,2.684740054690553,3.387518071383556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Gases,TWh/yr,0.4968505012120722,0.5084165517580722,0.4071138494424,0.3137164526912389,0.2978629923352,0.07261741861105833 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.00366451304372,0.01594728998003139,0.05142083908762611,0.1031582684329503,0.1441708229794753,0.1973940575181986 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Liquids,TWh/yr,10.58496102076576,10.85753045707861,8.222317479963806,5.130410019046975,3.651984076601583,0.7844189083829249 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation,TWh/yr,5.915222913236081,5.992475386457389,5.836653260298111,5.086825909697111,4.546046566745889,4.348479175202002 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,6.672484313135033e-07,1.364582057658268e-06,2.857918685924558e-05,9.634769999228674e-05,0.0001482786468862215,0.0001948446782546496 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Liquids,TWh/yr,5.915222245987667,5.992474021875333,5.836624681111251,5.086729561997139,4.545898288099,4.348284330523748 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation,TWh/yr,4.16421487715575,4.429540991291916,4.552195906572194,4.521989425484223,4.444215380662083,4.462447020855667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Liquids,TWh/yr,4.16421487715575,4.429540991291916,4.552195906572194,4.521989425484223,4.444215380662083,4.462447020855667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Electricity,TWh/yr,40.78927777777778,75.67272222222225,122.0623333333334,156.5211388888889,172.7230555555556,192.4383333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases,TWh/yr,1.801666666666667,2.068055555555556,2.247027777777778,1.705444444444445,1.16975,0.2464722222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.06577777777777778,0.09133333333333332,0.1186666666666667,0.1140555555555556,0.1014166666666667,0.02777777777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0001944444444444446,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,1.735888888888889,1.976722222222222,2.128138888888889,1.591388888888889,1.068333333333333,0.2186944444444442 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,1.816166666666666,2.923861111111111,4.54111111111111,6.505972222222223,8.4775,11.76305555555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV,TWh/yr,339.71735962385,269.169887217013,204.5557847664172,149.7821642283328,117.8798587962681,108.8802522544958 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Electricity,TWh/yr,19.82459719587916,45.90338526724111,75.15926881393472,93.75284644391695,101.7885581212997,102.8593229745244 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Gases,TWh/yr,0.9984745682122167,1.154133567666047,1.410375632883589,0.933913691033286,0.3886048373370194,0.05124889144281278 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,1.336317111131456,1.494258058716933,1.902819824478325,2.367566846238253,2.831646848901916,3.036755962798722 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Liquids,TWh/yr,317.5579707486278,220.6181103233891,126.0833204951206,52.72783724714417,12.87104898872925,2.932924425729611 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids,TWh/yr,521.6619722222222,391.5193888888889,251.9706388888889,140.9363611111111,81.59733333333334,28.51786111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,14.66775,26.48347222222222,23.65905555555556,19.01197222222222,14.33208333333333,6.881277777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,2.639527777777778,4.233138888888889,5.190416666666667,3.054444444444445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,506.9942222222222,365.0359166666667,225.6720555555555,117.69125,62.07483333333333,18.5821388888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail,TWh/yr,23.39437245991839,25.32145353062824,26.2242408618268,26.68352409584961,28.11552922685694,29.32255473781639 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Electricity,TWh/yr,19.22724023141583,20.96964173083458,21.93644354244708,22.52432780608967,24.04600659293192,25.3504858433188 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Freight,TWh/yr,8.09759159861986,8.551262889316389,9.077939481314639,9.509545539769613,10.03625700314381,10.3349358117925 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Liquids,TWh/yr,4.167132228502589,4.351811799793683,4.287797319379717,4.159196289759958,4.069522633924903,3.972068894497483 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Passenger,TWh/yr,15.29678086129855,16.77019064131186,17.14630138051219,17.17397855608,18.07927222371305,18.98761892602378 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck,TWh/yr,181.8621228451728,155.3798005182972,129.5533347868981,111.919073958402,102.3593119914883,81.65522463605225 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Electricity,TWh/yr,1.766283409721416,8.415322043365306,23.65162583571781,38.07906313178722,44.31899662332753,60.96122290045503 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Gases,TWh/yr,0.3096447215530503,0.4075810811706028,0.430154393909,0.4583629842547,0.4837147248996388,0.1227445695522392 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.4635146457246581,1.392704057153531,2.572678825738931,4.032222435053445,5.502672396728639,8.532771157519475 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Liquids,TWh/yr,179.3226800681736,145.1641933366078,102.8988757315325,69.34942540730638,52.05392824653277,12.0384860085255 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,GDP|MER,billion EUR2020/yr,3626.65530898482,3790.03936106208,3974.73167870898,4168.3518044238,4394.1705488835,4617.80212662384 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,GDP|PPP,billion EUR2020/yr,4310.430339488282,4504.619065717259,4724.13354992376,4954.2591045066,5222.65405366908,5488.449464393701 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation,billion EUR2020/yr,203.6916776326381,208.0606981066956,221.3970881971977,230.4824868491452,237.5937358872549,249.6510793334334 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Bus,billion EUR2020/yr,0.653937485452563,0.8655820563164821,1.034389512896234,1.136997751629595,1.266151132259718,1.458974450071372 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Bus|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.051314371349437,0.245142125105722,0.555100000618297,0.817833523845327,1.01498998675814,1.367023516057783 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Bus|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0008121917790423597,0.003264623962087,0.009470639365766,0.019430749707526,0.029578230930852,0.04340367262909901 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Bus|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,0.5470050232262781,0.5610934026462351,0.424911365499577,0.265128357312658,0.188726541459005,0.040537051785811 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Domestic Navigation,billion EUR2020/yr,0.010887834971508,0.011639642780253,0.01202223802986,0.012002055310302,0.011854785387644,0.011963413405221 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV,billion EUR2020/yr,135.7232224185005,133.4178677351888,138.0811308447823,139.8536298545986,139.5960291884118,137.9697565182499 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,12.48396938668873,42.42349892607738,83.09426394984811,114.7179250267228,130.9758022632328,133.5928575217678 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,1.110767558165648,1.240518175866848,1.602931422806836,1.966152585994965,2.288182398202002,2.405880766747611 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,115.6107710552246,81.53928038320655,44.93350664890645,18.08744809045845,4.587891743476876,1.792547976969189 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|PHEV,billion EUR2020/yr,5.134191981944422,6.648189680813194,6.601256641432164,3.874466324748758,1.244511924419435,0.109004201518657 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Rail,billion EUR2020/yr,8.030771536216793,8.83708155649742,9.241197251454068,9.466941205042216,10.20066596999175,10.94596897991739 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck,billion EUR2020/yr,57.21020223779625,62.74623544027567,70.70759302021021,77.59744945862573,83.97263908953164,96.62951302789344 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,2.773768141242223,12.38450141672069,30.23368441228832,46.3815516902408,56.13053712334256,81.17605605799275 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.438482989452208,1.367232245813512,2.628555896558314,4.351686113130103,6.303539453558574,10.25496909540388 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,53.47943071787715,48.26125250445822,36.97479645122851,25.89585340718713,20.4164877786719,4.883210074048481 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply,billion EUR2020/yr,45.83256051738001,53.16953497464002,48.58843405500001,44.25123096995999,42.70210470036,41.64078983106 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|CO2 Transport and Storage,billion EUR2020/yr,0.07609952994,0.22933312416,0.33476429112,0.42779525166,0.44956127832,0.29350628748 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|DACCS,billion EUR2020/yr,0.10642537248,0.00683883354,0.0,0.0,1.620780000000001e-06,2.478840000000002e-06 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity,billion EUR2020/yr,39.54902727552,45.09679132392,40.39855615698,35.24502882432,32.58120090834,31.23641933958001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Biomass,billion EUR2020/yr,0.49423579086,0.22221627918,0.02982015918,7.360248000000005e-05,7.255374000000003e-05,7.140966000000005e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,4.395174000000002e-05,6.597528000000005e-05,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,0.49419183912,0.22215020856,0.02982015918,7.360248000000005e-05,7.255374000000003e-05,7.140966000000005e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Coal,billion EUR2020/yr,0.00013290396,0.00016036188,8.599668000000007e-05,8.590134000000005e-05,8.647338000000005e-05,8.752212000000006e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Coal|w/ CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,4.938612000000003e-05,7.417452000000006e-05,1.906800000000001e-07,5.720400000000003e-07,1.430100000000001e-06,2.955540000000002e-06 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Coal|w/o CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,8.351784000000007e-05,8.618736000000006e-05,8.580600000000007e-05,8.542464000000007e-05,8.494794000000006e-05,8.456658000000007e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Electricity Storage,billion EUR2020/yr,2.967026563199999,3.83203437036,3.989970705419999,4.137941722319999,3.80657048646,3.92707910238 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Fossil,billion EUR2020/yr,1.1430636756,1.00632199458,1.13126706672,1.1469087378,0.9777927390000001,0.64424555832 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Gas,billion EUR2020/yr,1.14292857882,1.00615610298,1.13117554032,1.14681730674,0.9777007359000001,0.64415250648 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Gas|w/ CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,3.947076000000003e-05,0.0,0.0,7.627200000000006e-07,2.574180000000002e-06,4.576320000000001e-06 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Gas|w/o CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,1.14288910806,1.00615610298,1.13117554032,1.14681654402,0.9776980663799999,0.644147930159999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Geothermal,billion EUR2020/yr,0.07206121355999999,0.0052322592,0.01024275756,0.0236076141,0.04647310164,0.0777778953 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Hydro,billion EUR2020/yr,0.41214566736,0.35952742602,0.27175646862,0.17437094892,0.1006680759,0.07229174568 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Hydrogen,billion EUR2020/yr,1.125012000000001e-05,1.677984000000001e-05,1.906800000000001e-07,4.767000000000003e-07,8.580600000000007e-07,0.1995156345 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Non-Biomass Renewables,billion EUR2020/yr,20.66331783222,20.44892572548001,15.82219622592,14.83834834818,14.95463845512,15.13592327016 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Non-fossil,billion EUR2020/yr,21.1575648732,20.67115878450001,15.85201657578,14.83842242736,14.95471186692,15.33551031432 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Nuclear,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Oil,billion EUR2020/yr,2.192820000000001e-06,5.529720000000003e-06,5.529720000000003e-06,5.529720000000003e-06,5.529720000000003e-06,5.529720000000003e-06 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Oil|w/ CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Oil|w/o CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,2.192820000000001e-06,5.529720000000003e-06,5.529720000000003e-06,5.529720000000003e-06,5.529720000000003e-06,5.529720000000003e-06 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Solar,billion EUR2020/yr,5.631054883860001,4.044301825200001,3.77346796176,3.5065017561,3.2030721954,2.8744161474 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Transmission and Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,10.28759052762,12.83214629214,12.3113380992,10.30345615236,9.4734838884,8.503671774779999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Wind,billion EUR2020/yr,14.54805606744,16.03986421506001,11.76672903798,11.13386802906,11.60442508218,12.11143748178 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Wind Offshore,billion EUR2020/yr,5.80521427332,7.1878604091,4.766883685200001,4.304435299079999,4.29280753734,4.36679242608 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Wind Onshore,billion EUR2020/yr,8.742841794119999,8.852003805959999,6.99984535278,6.829432729980001,7.31161764018,7.744645151039999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Energiewende,billion EUR2020/yr,38.13450964512,42.97352843238001,38.66072056518,36.29361923586,36.02779701486,35.73499586202 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Gases|Transmission and Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,0.2728516392,0.221298441,0.12757187982,0.0523192551,0.08222998728,0.24512095146 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat,billion EUR2020/yr,1.55314399254,2.62123029,3.26537097432,3.180359633219999,2.57983194588,2.46473330292 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat|Heatpump,billion EUR2020/yr,0.9557259146399991,1.6463768832,1.69878270702,1.63462613286,1.58272971066,1.82627564532 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat|Renewable,billion EUR2020/yr,1.0050270867,2.14169688054,2.68000244232,2.30454646716,1.81777780044,1.84996916076 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat|Transmission and Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,0.54811261554,0.4795225406999991,0.585357758579999,0.87580220196,0.762043181339999,0.6140996223599999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen,billion EUR2020/yr,1.13911888776,1.49193161292,1.66062992718,2.28083798334,3.268437490080001,3.178874045339999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen|Biomass,billion EUR2020/yr,0.05848460688,0.16937894652,0.18343301592,0.12304752012,0.05546013606000001,0.008902467839999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen|Electrolysis,billion EUR2020/yr,0.33037197732,0.40542886902,0.7261601608799999,1.28375472078,1.9020801933,2.31250954998 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen|Fossil,billion EUR2020/yr,0.2187118668,0.16316849892,0.07408985808,0.004979703540000001,0.00127889076,0.0004136802600000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen|Transmission and Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,0.5315505321,0.7539553938,0.676946796959999,0.869055943559999,1.30961817462,0.8570483472599999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Liquids,billion EUR2020/yr,1.21968624078,1.30289031684,1.10970306552,1.2866028126,1.7304176631,2.29617551982 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Liquids|Biomass,billion EUR2020/yr,0.5447782897200001,1.1546379516,1.1096770377,1.25489730492,1.51645906734,1.68259902804 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Liquids|Coal and Gas,billion EUR2020/yr,3.756396000000003e-05,6.473586000000006e-05,2.097480000000001e-05,2.126082000000001e-05,2.192820000000001e-05,2.316762000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Liquids|Hydrogen,billion EUR2020/yr,0.00271185096,2.183286000000001e-05,0.0,0.0316790985,0.21393161454,0.6135481758 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Liquids|Oil,billion EUR2020/yr,0.6721585361399991,0.14816579652,5.148360000000004e-06,5.148360000000004e-06,5.148360000000004e-06,5.148360000000004e-06 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Population,million,83.526344,83.05420470000001,82.46198150000001,81.92754460000002,81.46169060000003,80.9964458 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Price|Carbon,EUR2020/t CO2,76.27206931218,100.1070910497,123.94211269188,147.77713433406,171.61215597624,195.44717771376 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Price|Carbon|ETS,EUR2020/t CO2,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Price|Primary Energy|Biomass,EUR2020/GJ,28.77421559754,14.57257637136,9.3727567017,6.529504244760001,6.60487756992,6.176908990140001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Price|Primary Energy|Coal,EUR2020/GJ,2.49575941776,2.42466704928,2.42850867924,2.47534607502,2.52847800828,2.501900553180001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Price|Primary Energy|Gas,EUR2020/GJ,6.53309808606,7.189465362660001,7.447019889540001,7.56467660004,7.856497657679999,8.195361854820002 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Price|Primary Energy|Oil,EUR2020/GJ,12.103689486,12.53938718424,12.8893988202,13.79282130618,15.10807035654,16.30526169636 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy,TWh/yr,3171.348055555555,2788.143833333334,2510.808333333333,2271.236277777778,2150.921555555556,2069.322138888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass,TWh/yr,292.3540555555555,305.5575555555556,296.6703055555555,305.5575555555556,302.1096666666667,300.0204166666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Electricity,TWh/yr,108.4303333333333,112.17125,106.73,81.15894444444443,52.50363888888889,31.05638888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Electricity|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.19325,1.241666666666666,3.262555555555556,6.254527777777778,10.11694444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Electricity|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,108.4303333333333,111.9779722222222,105.4883055555556,77.8963888888889,46.24911111111111,20.93947222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Energy Crops,TWh/yr,18.70799999999999,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Gases,TWh/yr,2.882277777777778,1.908527777777778,4.230583333333334,7.578805555555555,11.10980555555556,13.59522222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Heat,TWh/yr,47.65183333333334,50.50136111111111,77.92941666666667,106.6875277777778,101.8966111111111,87.35400000000003 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.01363888888888889,2.484833333333333,7.611777777777777,11.93880555555556,13.61380555555556,13.52944444444445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Liquids,TWh/yr,23.44894444444445,77.41191666666668,76.62633333333336,95.18719444444444,121.4713888888889,154.0249166666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.01363888888888889,4.445944444444445,22.75652777777778,51.41655555555555,87.78336111111112,130.4511944444445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,292.3404444444445,301.1116388888889,273.9137777777778,254.141,214.3262777777778,169.5692222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal,TWh/yr,535.8096111111112,263.2286111111111,161.6413333333333,137.0289444444444,122.40475,92.1664722222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Electricity,TWh/yr,299.4036666666667,63.97216666666667,0.2950277777777778,0.2222777777777778,0.1503055555555556,0.0856111111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Electricity|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.001694444444444445,0.001694444444444445,0.001694444444444445,0.001666666666666667,0.001666666666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Electricity|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,299.4036666666667,63.9705,0.2933611111111111,0.2206111111111111,0.1486111111111111,0.08394444444444445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Gases,TWh/yr,0.02097222222222223,0.01494444444444445,0.009277777777777777,0.004333333333333333,0.001305555555555556,0.001305555555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Heat,TWh/yr,41.82041666666667,22.57663888888889,0.1290277777777778,0.1074166666666667,0.08302777777777777,0.05677777777777777 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.002694444444444445,0.003138888888888889,0.002388888888888889,0.002388888888888889,0.002388888888888889,0.002388888888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Liquids,TWh/yr,0.0,0.003722222222222222,0.004638888888888889,0.005583333333333333,0.006472222222222222,0.007305555555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Solids,TWh/yr,194.5618611111111,176.658,161.2009722222222,136.6869444444444,122.16125,92.01305555555552 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.004805555555555555,0.004805555555555555,0.004805555555555555,0.004805555555555555,0.004777777777777777 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,535.8096111111112,263.2238055555555,161.6365555555556,137.0241388888889,122.3999722222222,92.16169444444445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Fossil,TWh/yr,2546.330527777778,1964.392083333333,1521.545444444444,1110.711083333333,871.0514444444443,683.9738333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Fossil|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,6.650555555555555,13.19052777777777,12.66502777777778,2.070666666666666,0.01447222222222222,0.01391666666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Fossil|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,2539.679972222222,1951.201555555555,1508.880416666667,1108.640416666667,871.0369722222222,683.9599166666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas,TWh/yr,881.31475,838.9486111111112,702.0143888888889,488.1833888888889,381.5673611111111,317.4461944444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Electricity,TWh/yr,160.2736944444445,169.7696388888889,139.3550833333333,59.91949999999999,44.03002777777778,49.65058333333336 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Electricity|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0009444444444444444,0.0009444444444444444,0.0009444444444444444,0.0009166666666666666,0.0009444444444444444,0.0009444444444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Electricity|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,160.27275,169.7686666666666,139.3541388888889,59.91855555555555,44.02908333333334,49.64963888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Gases,TWh/yr,596.1968888888888,543.6367777777778,482.4728611111111,409.1883611111111,335.6457777777778,266.2620833333334 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Heat,TWh/yr,108.8093333333333,103.2722222222222,58.98897222222222,14.99808333333334,0.1206111111111111,0.08747222222222223 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,16.03483333333333,22.26997222222223,21.19747222222222,4.077444444444445,1.770972222222222,1.446083333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Hydrogen|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,6.649611111111112,13.18477777777778,12.65927777777778,2.064944444444444,0.008749999999999999,0.008194444444444443 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Hydrogen|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,9.385250000000001,9.085194444444443,8.538166666666667,2.0125,1.762194444444445,1.437888888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Liquids,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,6.650555555555555,13.18572222222222,12.66025,2.065861111111111,0.009694444444444445,0.009138888888888893 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,874.6641944444444,825.7628888888886,689.3541388888889,486.1175277777778,381.5576944444445,317.4370833333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Geothermal,TWh/yr,9.046305555555554,27.30580555555555,49.12663888888888,70.46536111111111,88.29366666666665,103.3793888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Hydro,TWh/yr,22.69958333333333,23.48138888888889,23.89116666666667,23.88561111111111,23.59144444444444,23.16091666666666 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Nuclear,TWh/yr,0.007,0.00575,0.004305555555555556,0.002888888888888889,0.001666666666666667,0.0008333333333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Oil,TWh/yr,1129.206166666666,862.2148611111113,657.8897222222222,485.49875,367.0793333333333,274.3611666666666 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Oil|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,1129.206166666666,862.2148611111113,657.8897222222222,485.49875,367.0793333333333,274.3611666666666 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Solar,TWh/yr,109.5053611111111,168.8759166666666,238.1717777777778,309.6165555555555,368.8174444444444,412.4055 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Wind,TWh/yr,191.4051944444444,298.5253333333333,381.3986944444445,450.99725,497.05625,546.38125 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Production|Non-Metallic Minerals|Cement,Mt/yr,31.27763,35.4432,36.14307,37.09785,38.05145999999999,38.89553000000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Production|Steel,Mt/yr,38.18185,43.05447999999999,44.03038,45.08397,47.06158,47.16435000000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Production|Steel|Primary,Mt/yr,26.91818,29.83218,29.05294,28.28043,28.45625,28.275 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Production|Steel|Secondary,Mt/yr,11.26367,13.2223,14.97744,16.80354,18.60533,18.88935 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Bus,million,0.009910742537234,0.012368995492949,0.01270598909659,0.0121486547754,0.013254064696288,0.014429062809243 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Bus|BEV,million,0.0007928308896384001,0.003760192442969,0.009771339322111001,0.01069251779225,0.012455186924797,0.0137870726555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Bus|FCEV,million,1.23889847308438e-05,4.469832903445783e-05,0.000194253027822427,0.000294263862001629,0.000379804286934945,0.0004483320423744831 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Bus|ICE,million,0.008557387969792,0.008106205358968001,0.002602958316887,0.00109749912111,0.000392830956138408,0.000154340704257435 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV,million,3.609224612294327,3.494575964619177,3.5032590577643,3.744997490694401,3.72886509982931,3.661886170300685 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|BEV,million,1.459670467391463,2.30388045492654,3.413593889799211,3.697271940687758,3.679065320611216,3.611863593065718 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|FCEV,million,0.01686752220211,0.022807626733998,0.036767605466999,0.042099445448439,0.044371276678214,0.044791173784881 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|ICE,million,1.990738643356911,0.9786596962914311,0.03230012710598301,0.003274356706999,0.003147353869265,0.003021969977112 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|PHEV,million,0.141947979343843,0.189228186667208,0.020597435392107,0.002351747851202,0.002281148670614,0.002209433472972 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck,million,0.473140462360812,0.47164449905721,0.486496103438553,0.486345566591834,0.49814207596321,0.5006666158211961 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|BEV,million,0.029385444439184,0.116782575182884,0.334071955744448,0.38772444713309,0.435108787331822,0.4490237609123711 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|FCEV,million,0.003311028196613,0.007117516913548,0.015753399534704,0.024238776779571,0.0321974019576,0.038153672649836 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|ICE,million,0.4381822889554771,0.34609227340022,0.136033443026282,0.07401608754326801,0.030673402782639,0.012654029544936 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.3247341468882231,0.322721917775051,0.333383757847652,0.332901376707971,0.340558912476289,0.341888579711988 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Truck (12t+),million,0.015896026954079,0.016114710439362,0.016281570129397,0.016284739598002,0.016698674459737,0.01682617431559 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Truck (7.5t),million,0.08239428786967101,0.08178026449688301,0.084630364607885,0.08462732456291501,0.08664253528570201,0.08705422859544401 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy,TWh/yr,2671.986694444444,2426.489694444444,2210.100222222222,2014.900972222222,1930.163694444444,1897.086666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Electricity|Heat,TWh/yr,1.880555555555555,7.358388888888889,13.90463888888889,20.30627777777778,25.65475,30.18047222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Electricity|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,2.548388888888889,6.389055555555555,14.09633333333333,30.82238888888889,63.36611111111111,115.4001666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Hydrogen|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0003055555555555555,0.0002777777777777778,0.0002500000000000002,0.0002500000000000002,0.0002500000000000002 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Hydrogen|Gases,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0009722222222222222,0.0009722222222222222,0.0009722222222222222,0.0009722222222222222,0.0009722222222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Hydrogen|Liquids,TWh/yr,0.1822777777777778,0.1821111111111111,0.1806666666666667,0.1754444444444442,4.224333333333333,22.48447222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity,TWh/yr,578.911,642.5639722222222,726.551611111111,781.9668888888889,847.537,922.9531666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Biomass,TWh/yr,41.92800000000003,43.45880555555555,41.54291666666666,32.11272222222222,21.23041666666667,13.071 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.08741666666666666,0.5636666666666666,1.481722222222222,2.840916666666666,4.595555555555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,41.92800000000003,43.37141666666667,40.97924999999999,30.63097222222222,18.38950000000001,8.475472222222223 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Coal,TWh/yr,100.3492222222222,9.832222222222219,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.03983333333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Coal|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0006111111111111111,0.0006111111111111111,0.0006111111111111111,0.0006111111111111111,0.0006111111111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Coal|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,100.3492222222222,9.831611111111114,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.03925 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Curtailment,TWh/yr,12.5795,30.16908333333333,47.71,67.65269444444445,83.1778611111111,94.1725 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Fossil,TWh/yr,223.1678888888889,135.6081666666666,86.47505555555556,30.22688888888889,17.23983333333334,19.32836111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Fossil|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0005277777777777777,0.001138888888888889,0.001111111111111111,0.001111111111111111,0.001111111111111111,0.001111111111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Fossil|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,223.1673888888889,135.6070555555556,86.47397222222223,30.22577777777778,17.23872222222222,19.32725 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas,TWh/yr,103.2976666666667,107.72425,86.34797222222223,30.12919444444444,17.17197222222223,19.28805555555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas|CC,TWh/yr,50.12575,53.11538888888889,48.35402777777777,9.42577777777778,0.1221666666666667,0.07466666666666666 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas|CC|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0005277777777777777,0.0005277777777777777,0.0005,0.0005,0.0005,0.0005 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas|CC|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,50.12522222222222,53.11486111111111,48.35352777777778,9.425277777777778,0.1216666666666667,0.07416666666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0005277777777777777,0.0005277777777777777,0.0005,0.0005,0.0005,0.0005 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,103.2971666666667,107.72375,86.34747222222222,30.12869444444445,17.17147222222222,19.28752777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Geothermal,TWh/yr,2.777805555555556,2.777805555555556,2.777805555555556,2.777805555555556,2.777805555555556,2.777805555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Hydro,TWh/yr,22.69958333333333,23.48138888888889,23.89116666666667,23.88561111111111,23.59144444444444,23.16091666666666 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0001111111111111112,0.0001111111111111112,8.333333333333338e-05,8.333333333333338e-05,8.333333333333338e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Non-Biomass Renewables,TWh/yr,313.8084722222222,463.4913888888889,598.5293888888889,719.6244722222219,809.0650833333334,890.5529444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Nuclear,TWh/yr,0.006666666666666666,0.005444444444444444,0.004083333333333333,0.00275,0.001583333333333333,0.0008055555555555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Oil,TWh/yr,2.382000000000001,0.9126944444444444,0.0001944444444444446,0.0003055555555555555,0.0003888888888888889,0.0004722222222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Oil|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,2.382000000000001,0.9126944444444444,0.0001944444444444446,0.0003055555555555555,0.0003888888888888889,0.0004722222222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Other,TWh/yr,17.139,17.139,0.1372777777777778,0.1051944444444444,0.07269444444444444,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Solar,TWh/yr,103.0148333333333,152.5918888888889,209.5220277777778,265.6828888888889,311.6734722222222,346.8778888888888 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Solar|CSP,TWh/yr,0.05969444444444445,0.06527777777777777,0.07322222222222222,0.07836111111111112,0.08461111111111111,0.09191666666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Solar|PV,TWh/yr,102.9551666666667,152.5266111111112,209.4488055555555,265.6045555555556,311.5888333333334,346.7859722222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Transmission Losses,TWh/yr,29.8315,30.15758333333333,30.81730555555556,30.10041666666667,30.13194444444444,29.29155555555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Wind,TWh/yr,185.3162222222222,284.6403055555555,362.3384166666667,427.2781944444444,471.0223611111111,517.7363333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Wind|Offshore,TWh/yr,39.16225,76.17088888888888,107.4301388888889,133.3929722222223,154.1711388888889,173.1558611111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Wind|Onshore,TWh/yr,146.1539722222222,208.4694166666666,254.9082777777778,293.8852222222222,316.85125,344.5804722222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases,TWh/yr,598.3996944444444,545.0216388888889,485.0390833333333,413.4970833333333,341.8104444444444,273.7489166666666 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,2.183,1.366083333333333,2.550888888888889,4.296777777777778,6.155277777777777,7.477361111111113 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases|Coal,TWh/yr,0.01258333333333334,0.008972222222222223,0.005555555555555556,0.002583333333333334,0.0007777777777777777,0.0007777777777777777 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.00788888888888889,0.01027777777777778,0.01008333333333334,0.009527777777777777,0.008666666666666666,0.008666666666666666 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,596.1962222222222,543.6363055555555,482.4725555555556,409.1881666666666,335.6456944444444,266.2620833333334 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat,TWh/yr,127.5955833333333,130.4694722222222,127.2860555555555,142.16325,151.5955833333334,160.6047222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Biomass,TWh/yr,22.63377777777778,24.80536111111111,43.54261111111114,64.91252777777778,65.94311111111111,59.90758333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Coal,TWh/yr,29.32772222222222,15.83316666666667,0.09211111111111112,0.0763611111111111,0.05877777777777778,0.03999999999999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Electricity,TWh/yr,6.2685,24.528,46.34883333333333,67.68758333333334,85.51586111111111,100.6016111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Electricity|Heat Pumps,TWh/yr,6.2685,24.528,46.34883333333333,67.68758333333334,85.51586111111111,100.6016111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Gas,TWh/yr,69.36555555555556,65.30294444444444,37.30249999999999,9.48677777777778,0.0778611111111111,0.05552777777777777 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,13.12061111111111,21.383,28.72686111111111,30.74988888888889,53.77161111111111,92.74027777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.0075,1.366722222222222,4.186555555555556,6.566444444444444,7.487722222222225,7.441361111111114 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Biomass|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0075,1.365916666666666,4.185388888888888,6.564888888888889,7.485777777777777,7.439055555555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Biomass|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0007777777777777777,0.001194444444444444,0.001583333333333333,0.001944444444444444,0.002305555555555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Coal,TWh/yr,0.001666666666666667,0.001861111111111111,0.001416666666666667,0.001388888888888889,0.001388888888888889,0.001388888888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Coal|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0006944444444444445,0.0006944444444444445,0.0006944444444444445,0.0006944444444444445,0.0006944444444444445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Coal|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,0.001666666666666667,0.001166666666666667,0.0006944444444444445,0.0006944444444444445,0.0006944444444444445,0.0006944444444444445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Electricity,TWh/yr,1.6055,4.152888888888889,9.444527777777779,21.26744444444445,44.98994444444444,84.2421111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Fossil,TWh/yr,11.50761111111111,15.86338888888889,15.09577777777778,2.916,1.293944444444444,1.056805555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Fossil|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,4.654722222222222,9.230055555555555,8.862194444444444,1.446166666666666,0.006833333333333334,0.006444444444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Fossil|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,6.852888888888889,6.63336111111111,6.233555555555555,1.469833333333333,1.287111111111111,1.050361111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Gas,TWh/yr,11.50594444444444,15.86155555555556,15.09436111111111,2.914583333333333,1.292527777777778,1.055388888888888 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Gas|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,4.654722222222222,9.229333333333333,8.8615,1.445444444444444,0.006138888888888889,0.00575 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Gas|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,6.851222222222222,6.632194444444445,6.232861111111111,1.469138888888889,1.286416666666667,1.049666666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids,TWh/yr,1059.864611111111,861.3121944444445,667.8722222222223,514.7280277777778,417.8879444444444,357.7877222222223 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,22.09341666666667,69.27413888888888,63.57636111111111,70.07419444444444,79.82813888888892,92.33638888888886 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Biomass|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.8030555555555555,5.212944444444444,13.71344444444444,26.29861111111111,42.54530555555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Biomass|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,22.09341666666667,68.47108333333334,58.36338888888889,56.36072222222221,53.5295,49.79108333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Coal,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0015,0.001861111111111111,0.002222222222222222,0.002583333333333334,0.002916666666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Coal|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.00075,0.00075,0.00075,0.00075,0.00075 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Coal|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.00075,0.001111111111111111,0.001472222222222222,0.001833333333333334,0.002194444444444445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Fossil,TWh/yr,1037.635722222222,791.8988055555556,604.1578055555556,444.5199444444444,335.0928055555556,249.7043333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Fossil|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.00075,0.00075,0.00075,0.00075,0.00075 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Fossil|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,1037.635722222222,791.898083333333,604.1570555555555,444.5191944444445,335.0920555555555,249.7035833333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Gas,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Gas|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Gas|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.1354722222222222,0.13925,0.1380555555555553,0.1339166666666667,2.967027777777778,15.747 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Oil,TWh/yr,1037.635722222222,791.897333333333,604.1559444444445,444.5177222222222,335.0902222222222,249.7013888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Solids,TWh/yr,276.1539166666666,215.5393333333334,167.9536666666667,128.2621388888889,115.4989722222222,87.84980555555552 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,105.9681111111111,58.58033333333333,22.47213888888889,2.8865,1.446388888888889,0.4373888888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,168.9023888888889,156.2528333333333,145.2211111111111,125.3756666666667,114.0525833333333,87.41241666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Bus,million,0.06183656375808701,0.07278578340002101,0.078072876158486,0.080715202033645,0.08590656026396401,0.09106648383439 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Bus|BEV,million,0.002048213158149,0.011355700279873,0.030887485053028,0.049760219539274,0.062076497621001,0.08360676770167501 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Bus|FCEV,million,3.210126994409582e-05,0.000148881963425571,0.00052922190753579,0.001172143236439,0.001791486426094,0.002628862102654 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Bus|ICE,million,0.054169708161876,0.055564612384003,0.042078618658126,0.026255440425083,0.018689432228727,0.004014350478986 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV,million,47.44596985207397,46.04142441141519,46.01817767787471,46.59479348486177,47.53489870260196,48.2037085975695 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|BEV,million,3.902822570545566,14.30914310065208,27.66398715655836,38.95203235242737,45.59191941611157,47.56255845737921 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|FCEV,million,0.182358318860423,0.231178278615611,0.321353022757351,0.420446530309086,0.516897633827876,0.56353753709367 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|ICE,million,41.88398980777291,29.51312698563477,15.99930854906726,6.014342531046577,1.033214707573283,0.045242293479171 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|PHEV,million,1.476799154895077,1.987976046512738,2.033528949491741,1.20797207107874,0.39286694508923,0.03237030961745 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck,million,3.184045486757,3.16021772630786,3.17170977893473,3.209148780402351,3.28161126398907,3.294431901157711 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|BEV,million,0.07648706325653501,0.381701101247265,1.04862647429109,1.66758679792247,1.976888500529,2.791476217301931 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|FCEV,million,0.009613445529229001,0.030133298986257,0.05687741653247001,0.09222185888015201,0.134045527884265,0.220617484862574 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|ICE,million,3.063237308242671,2.70988009424209,2.026212927649199,1.40762377907877,1.12347976512458,0.269218591991974 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Truck (0-3.5t),million,2.19446516877021,2.16620001978053,2.17195027842987,2.197914649407771,2.24509181461458,2.25118493233634 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Truck (12t+),million,0.105635500312347,0.106921161451168,0.107293377634627,0.107500785282843,0.109935648619909,0.110558501381898 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Truck (7.5t),million,0.549597744424097,0.549373521644975,0.5508541080521651,0.558267660070916,0.570905163438384,0.572932303027876 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Trade|Primary Energy|Biomass|Volume,TWh/yr,13.2035,0.0,8.88725,0.0,3.447888888888889,5.537138888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Trade|Primary Energy|Coal|Volume,TWh/yr,-152.863,-25.06141666666667,0.0,-17.62666666666667,-37.93625,-24.71575 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Trade|Primary Energy|Gas|Volume,TWh/yr,-797.3426388888889,-756.7311666666666,-632.8071944444445,-433.01075,-328.0971944444444,-252.6353333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Trade|Primary Energy|Oil|Volume,TWh/yr,-1115.912805555555,-853.5114722222219,-652.82,-481.6563333333334,-363.3565555555555,-270.0421944444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Electricity|Volume,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,-4.166694444444444,-8.333388888888889,-12.50008333333333,-12.50008333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Gases|Hydrogen|Volume,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Volume,TWh/yr,0.0,-6.319472222222222,-12.63897222222222,-18.95844444444444,-25.27794444444444,-25.27794444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Liquids|Hydrogen|Volume,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,-8.425972222222223,-16.85197222222222,-25.27794444444444,-25.27794444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Useful Energy|Residential and Commercial,TWh/yr,753.5581944444444,748.1494166666666,740.2637500000001,745.247111111111,763.286027777778,780.8145833333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Useful Energy|Residential and Commercial|Electricity|Heat Pumps,TWh/yr,60.56788888888892,86.82772222222222,132.6691666666667,196.6137222222222,256.4280000000001,306.3275277777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Useful Energy|Residential and Commercial|Heat,TWh/yr,69.28358333333333,77.71358333333332,78.45694444444445,88.79705555555556,92.09424999999997,95.0091944444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Useful Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space and Water Heating,TWh/yr,589.6713611111111,570.7392777777777,546.9554166666667,547.1751111111112,557.9838888888888,570.7024166666666 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Useful Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space and Water Heating|Electricity|Heat Pumps,TWh/yr,60.56788888888892,86.82772222222222,132.6691666666667,196.6137222222222,256.4280000000001,306.3275277777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,ExPol,Deutschland,Useful Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space and Water Heating|Heat,TWh/yr,69.28358333333333,77.71358333333332,78.45694444444445,88.79705555555556,92.09424999999997,95.0091944444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity,GW/yr,25.2000773,34.2847164,35.37042099999999,29.4563463,21.1520577,17.2531795 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Biomass,GW/yr,1.600000000000001e-05,3.730000000000003e-05,2.800000000000001e-05,2.000000000000001e-05,2.000000000000001e-05,2.000000000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS,GW/yr,8.000000000000005e-06,1.730000000000001e-05,8.000000000000005e-06,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS,GW/yr,8.000000000000005e-06,2.000000000000001e-05,2.000000000000001e-05,2.000000000000001e-05,2.000000000000001e-05,2.000000000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Coal,GW/yr,2.000000000000001e-05,4.200000000000002e-05,3.000000000000002e-05,3.010000000000002e-05,3.030000000000001e-05,3.060000000000002e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Coal|w/ CCS,GW/yr,8.000000000000005e-06,1.200000000000001e-05,0.0,1.000000000000001e-07,3.000000000000002e-07,6.000000000000004e-07 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Coal|w/o CCS,GW/yr,1.200000000000001e-05,3.000000000000002e-05,3.000000000000002e-05,3.000000000000002e-05,3.000000000000002e-05,3.000000000000002e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas,GW/yr,1.1980992,0.8029175,3.020000000000002e-05,3.050000000000002e-05,3.110000000000002e-05,3.200000000000002e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas|CC|w/ CCS,GW/yr,1.200000000000001e-05,0.0,2.000000000000001e-07,5.000000000000004e-07,1.100000000000001e-06,2.000000000000001e-06 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas|CC|w/o CCS,GW/yr,0.0403938,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas|OC,GW/yr,0.914457899999999,0.8028974000000001,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas|w/ CCS,GW/yr,1.200000000000001e-05,0.0,2.000000000000001e-07,5.000000000000004e-07,1.100000000000001e-06,2.000000000000001e-06 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas|w/o CCS,GW/yr,1.1980872,0.8029174,3.000000000000002e-05,3.000000000000002e-05,3.000000000000002e-05,3.000000000000002e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Geothermal,GW/yr,0.0201597,0.0009478,0.0027014,0.0060659,0.0116359,0.0190053 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Hydro,GW/yr,0.1703955,0.1544167,0.1026005,0.0467941,0.0112478,1.000000000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Hydrogen,GW/yr,0.5953020999999991,2.698047,4.0858394,2.3679694,0.8151438000000001,0.7987468 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Nuclear,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Oil,GW/yr,4.000000000000002e-06,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Oil|w/o CCS,GW/yr,4.000000000000002e-06,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Solar,GW/yr,16.3791852,22.3037553,23.6180224,18.6473945,11.8399255,8.655209800000002 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Solar|CSP,GW/yr,0.005951799999999,0.0022555,0.002807,0.0024669,0.0022058,0.0024099 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Solar|PV,GW/yr,16.3732334,22.3014997,23.6152154,18.6449276,11.8377197,8.652799900000002 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Solar|PV|Open Field,GW/yr,16.3732334,22.3014997,23.6152154,18.6449276,11.8377197,8.652799900000002 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Wind,GW/yr,7.432197700000001,11.0225899,11.6469985,10.7560012,9.2891572,8.578861799999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Wind|Offshore,GW/yr,1.7680313,3.0256729,3.0215388,2.7885929,2.4083,2.2241494 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Wind|Onshore,GW/yr,5.664166399999999,7.996917,8.6254597,7.9674083,6.880857199999999,6.354712499999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Gases|Biomass,GW/yr,4.000000000000002e-06,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,0.0004368 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Gases|Hydrogen,GW/yr,8.000000000000005e-06,1.200000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-07,3.110000000000002e-05,4.650000000000003e-05,0.004948 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Solar thermal,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Biomass,GW/yr,0.0154993,0.08724190000000001,0.1460208,0.07505089999999999,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Biomass|w/ CCS,GW/yr,0.0154913,0.08722590000000001,0.1460108,0.07504090000000001,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Biomass|w/o CCS,GW/yr,8.000000000000005e-06,1.600000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Coal|w/ CCS,GW/yr,8.000000000000005e-06,1.200000000000001e-05,0.0,2.000000000000001e-07,5.000000000000004e-07,1.100000000000001e-06 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Coal|w/o CCS,GW/yr,4.000000000000002e-06,1.000000000000001e-05,0.0005607,0.0012054,0.0007006,0.0002215 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Electricity,GW/yr,0.3154164,0.9601202,1.9757684,2.5862406,2.4869744,1.9692852 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Gas,GW/yr,0.0467384,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Gas|w/ CCS,GW/yr,0.0466984,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Gas|w/o CCS,GW/yr,4.000000000000002e-05,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Liquids|Biomass,GW/yr,1.5589192,2.1419487,0.507837299999999,0.5560248999999999,0.339743899999999,0.1787811 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Liquids|Hydrogen,GW/yr,0.0019421,0.0,0.0,0.1675219,0.504574299999999,0.5494346 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Liquids|Oil,GW/yr,1.0834517,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity,GW,290.9586088,418.3811464999999,587.5480925,722.6848720000002,794.6307271,813.9367490999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Biomass,GW,7.1721222,5.656515499999998,3.5136738,1.552129,0.009051399999999,0.0066452 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS,GW,0.0,0.0001,0.0001663,0.000166,0.0001649,0.0001621 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS,GW,7.1721222,5.656415499999999,3.5135076,1.551963,0.0088865,0.006483200000000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Coal,GW,27.5809517,2.4812843,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0038074 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Coal|w/ CCS,GW,0.0,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Coal|w/o CCS,GW,27.5809517,2.4811843,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0037074 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas,GW,35.6261414,35.967353,24.236889,7.416392400000001,3.5445546,0.8662690000000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas|CC|w/ CCS,GW,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas|CC|w/o CCS,GW,13.1503033,12.5368071,9.848127599999998,0.0113029,0.0086757,0.005255799999999001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas|OC,GW,10.1676379,16.172486,11.6994338,7.400628000000001,3.532065799999999,0.8580380999999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas|w/ CCS,GW,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas|w/o CCS,GW,35.6260413,35.967253,24.236789,7.416292400000001,3.5444546,0.8661690000000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Geothermal,GW,0.3730588,0.3730588,0.3730588,0.3730588,0.3730588,0.3730588 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Hydro,GW,7.553393400000001,8.1161595,8.4529771,8.48017,8.2729381,7.971156400000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Hydrogen,GW,0.0,7.441257700000001,29.9981748,47.1462076,50.49679800000001,53.73701800000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Nuclear,GW,0.001,0.0008196000000000002,0.0006148999999999999,0.0004117000000000001,0.0002367,0.0001197 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Oil,GW,1.5901538,0.5262104,0.0001,0.0001491,0.0001952,0.0002339 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Oil|w/o CCS,GW,1.5901538,0.5262104,0.0001,0.0001491,0.0001952,0.0002339 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Other,GW,4.4084519,4.4363843,0.0129057,0.009748199999999001,0.006580300000000001,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar,GW,123.6533355,224.6258436,344.3073145,442.0773063,490.270777,495.2205857 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar|CSP,GW,0.045427199999999,0.0544169,0.068498,0.0801313,0.08718390000000001,0.09019100000000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar|PV,GW,123.6079083,224.5714267,344.2388164999999,441.9971750999999,490.1835931,495.1303947 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar|PV|Rooftop,GW,123.6079083,224.5714267,344.2388164999999,441.9971750999999,490.1835931,495.1303947 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Wind,GW,83.0,128.7562596,176.6522838,215.6291989,241.656437,255.7578549 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Wind|Offshore,GW,12.0,26.6102172,40.89807070000001,53.2964794,61.8966554,66.31397109999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Wind|Onshore,GW,71.0,102.1460424,135.7542131,162.3327195,179.7597815,189.4438839 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Gases,GW,76.10937429999998,67.495481,49.02875710000001,19.2549597,8.4747629,6.4989683 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Gases|Biomass,GW,0.2803346,0.2629922,0.2339362,0.1272961,0.043004,0.0010808 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Gases|Hydrogen,GW,0.0,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0004848,0.0004774000000000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat,GW,29.612809,30.38243629999999,40.5807014,55.9556025,59.9853965,58.84009409999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Solar thermal,GW,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen,GW,4.5542509,12.118426,30.8355919,64.1688954,91.6503146,118.646819 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Biomass,GW,0.0,0.1937406,0.9935584,1.6177292,1.6110516,1.5886746 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Biomass|w/ CCS,GW,0.0,0.1936406,0.9934084,1.6175297,1.6108039,1.5883817 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Biomass|w/o CCS,GW,0.0,0.0001,0.00015,0.0001995,0.0002477,0.0002929 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Coal,GW,0.0002381,0.0002651,0.0002002,0.0002000000000000001,0.0002000000000000001,0.0002000000000000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Coal|w/ CCS,GW,0.0,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Coal|w/o CCS,GW,0.0002381,0.0001651,0.0001002,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Electricity,GW,1.0880598,5.6166395,16.7077038,35.5239278,51.519003,66.58913629999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Gas,GW,1.3901187,1.2314798,0.4731047,0.4487995,0.1651581,0.1349319 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Gas|w/ CCS,GW,0.5211153,0.3902571,0.2681896,0.2624561,0.0019908,0.0017945 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Gas|w/o CCS,GW,0.8690034000000001,0.8412227,0.2049151,0.1863435,0.1631673,0.1331375 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Liquids|Biomass,GW,2.832545899999999,10.1843481,12.086668,13.4879208,14.8680381,15.1681201 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Liquids|Hydrogen,GW,0.0161838,0.0161693,0.0160407,0.0155773,2.1084535,5.270416 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Liquids|Oil,GW,108.3597636,82.17668379999999,47.77517180000001,19.8147735,5.005268000000001,2.0753492 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS,EUR2020/kW,5185.7138759265,4148.571100741199,3457.142583951,3457.142583951,3457.142583951,3457.142583951 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS,EUR2020/kW,2579.9108116047,2594.538294854101,2609.165778103501,2623.7932613529,2638.4207446023,2653.0482278517 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Coal|w/ CCS,EUR2020/kW,5808.591547331161,5531.106009254279,5253.620471082059,4976.134933005181,4698.649394928301,4421.16385685142 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Coal|w/o CCS,EUR2020/kW,2382.73931998998,2363.93682511014,2345.1343302303,2326.331835350461,2307.52934047062,2288.72684549544 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Gas|w/ CCS,EUR2020/kW,2882.37052510596,2723.09368657368,2563.81684794606,2404.54000931844,2245.26317078616,2085.98633215854 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Gas|w/o CCS,EUR2020/kW,1062.47837844792,1057.71205898484,1052.94573942642,1048.17941996334,1043.41310040492,1038.64678094184 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Geothermal,EUR2020/kW,3149.2900237953,3242.072283271501,3334.8545427477,3427.63680212856,3520.41906160476,3613.20132098562 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Hydro,EUR2020/kW,2593.74772527738,2648.09370989814,2702.439694518901,2756.78567913966,2811.131663760421,2865.47764838118 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Nuclear,EUR2020/kW,7652.8840821174,7508.84754880554,7364.811015493679,7220.774482181819,7076.737948869962,6932.701415558101 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Solar|CSP,EUR2020/kW,4955.65376929812,4170.98070090786,3848.71622724918,3535.86112266366,3200.03370130542,2855.2075147029 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Solar|PV,EUR2020/kW,429.9510601952999,273.4189191598199,217.20198180702,189.26703440946,172.4887571274,161.5726946631 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Wind|Offshore,EUR2020/kW,3636.51735380808,2900.45881889316,2410.799287396921,2070.92051582262,1816.5382636485,1610.5567737924 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Wind|Onshore,EUR2020/kW,1529.52175585818,1350.17727475638,1215.11268392388,1113.43340814888,1033.94023441506,970.26058497144 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Gases|Biomass|w/o CCS,EUR2020/kW,1287.40297242732,1287.40297242732,1287.40297242732,1287.40297242732,1287.40297242732,1287.40297242732 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Gases|Coal|w/o CCS,EUR2020/kW,1544.88356695092,1544.88356695092,1544.88356695092,1544.88356695092,1544.88356695092,1544.88356695092 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Hydrogen|Biomass|w/ CCS,EUR2020/kW,3282.8775796992,2626.302063759359,2188.58505316458,2188.58505316458,2188.58505316458,2188.58505316458 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Hydrogen|Biomass|w/o CCS,EUR2020/kW,2343.07340987874,1982.6005775457,1802.36416137918,1802.36416137918,1802.36416137918,1802.36416137918 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Hydrogen|Coal|w/ CCS,EUR2020/kW,2398.86087199374,2029.80535324014,1845.27759386334,1845.27759386334,1845.27759386334,1845.27759386334 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Hydrogen|Coal|w/o CCS,EUR2020/kW,1619.98207370286,1619.98207370286,1619.98207370286,1619.98207370286,1619.98207370286,1619.98207370286 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Hydrogen|Electricity,EUR2020/kW,2043.57502580364,1295.28471144534,956.84718301956,767.15372844726,644.89883248098,561.19871183964 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Hydrogen|Gas|w/ CCS,EUR2020/kW,1435.90075121724,1435.90075121724,1435.90075121724,1435.90075121724,1435.90075121724,1435.90075121724 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Hydrogen|Gas|w/o CCS,EUR2020/kW,923.0790543130801,923.0790543130801,923.0790543130801,923.0790543130801,923.0790543130801,923.0790543130801 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Liquids|Biomass|w/ CCS,EUR2020/kW,5103.40095724284,4082.720765813339,3402.26730482856,3402.26730482856,3402.26730482856,3402.26730482856 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Liquids|Biomass|w/o CCS,EUR2020/kW,4505.910403590961,3604.728322853701,3003.94026902886,3003.94026902886,3003.94026902886,3003.94026902886 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Liquids|Coal|w/ CCS,EUR2020/kW,2928.84176227692,2343.07340987874,1952.56117488306,1952.56117488306,1952.56117488306,1952.56117488306 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Liquids|Coal|w/o CCS,EUR2020/kW,1866.73431001008,1866.73431001008,1866.73431001008,1866.73431001008,1866.73431001008,1866.73431001008 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Liquids|Oil,EUR2020/kW,461.5395271565399,461.5395271565399,461.5395271565399,461.5395271565399,461.5395271565399,461.5395271565399 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Carbon Intensity|Electricity,g CO2/kWh,247.5105752743917,83.45882397535901,24.40399578159941,1.628784675567815,-0.5143423093670061,-1.129306224591538 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Carbon Intensity|EndUse,g CO2/kWh,230.1265966674991,201.1742846081874,165.2530353115539,68.02039702526143,-35.23812732676404,-57.64727192245847 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture,Mt CO2/yr,1.5110803,5.477115499999999,24.4629672,48.8432626,59.66221860000001,66.65275239999998 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Storage,Mt CO2/yr,0.4754007,4.441303700000002,24.4273396,48.8086597,55.0,55.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Storage|Biomass,Mt CO2/yr,0.1138208,3.7187921,20.6950101,41.3622718,47.63318920000001,45.3498869 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Storage|Biomass|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2/yr,0.1138208,3.7187921,19.8452158,38.9103919,44.27371370000001,41.23208810000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Storage|DACCS,Mt CO2/yr,0.0351559,0.091388099999999,0.1095094,0.09480279999999901,0.05174930000000001,0.0050999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Storage|Fossil,Mt CO2/yr,0.3264239,0.6311234,3.5814064,6.978482899999999,6.036475200000002,7.5299043 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Storage|Fossil|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2/yr,0.3264239,0.6311234,0.5345356,0.5235302,0.0049701,0.0041255 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Storage|Industrial Processes,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,0.8102319,2.4561052,4.573643100000002,6.1972911 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Storage|Industry,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,3.9380788,9.2799348,10.6695669,13.7586866 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Storage|Industry|Biomass,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,0.8497943000000001,2.451879899999999,3.359475499999999,4.117798799999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Storage|Industry|Fossil,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,3.0468708,6.4549527,6.031505100000001,7.5257788 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Usage,Mt CO2/yr,0.0357796,0.0359117,0.0356276,0.034603,4.662218599999999,11.6527524 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Usage|Synthetic Gases,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0001643,0.0001643,0.0001643,0.0007966000000000002,0.0007844000000000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Usage|Synthetic Liquids,Mt CO2/yr,0.0357796,0.035747399999999,0.0354633,0.0344387,4.661422,11.651968 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Biomass,Mt CO2/yr,0.3617841,4.5860979,20.725194,41.3915956,51.67094090000001,54.95808689999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Biomass|Energy|Demand|Industry,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,0.8510337,2.4536182,3.6442502,4.990229500000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Biomass|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2/yr,0.3617841,4.5860979,19.8741603,38.93797739999999,48.0266907,49.96785739999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Biomass|Energy|Supply|Electricity,Mt CO2/yr,0.035264199999999,0.2841402,1.0915188,2.2908671,3.120857,3.445647999999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Biomass|Energy|Supply|Gases,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.8758097,4.5800072,8.7611966,9.3625617,8.0641059 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Biomass|Energy|Supply|Hydrogen,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.799911899999999,4.103682,6.6818713,6.654087699999999,6.5614638 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Biomass|Energy|Supply|Liquids,Mt CO2/yr,0.3265199,2.6262361,10.0989524,21.2040424,28.8891842,31.8966398 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Biomass|Energy|Supply|Other,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Direct Air Capture,Mt CO2/yr,0.1117445,0.1127019,0.1096692,0.09487000000000001,0.05613600000000001,0.006180400000000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Fossil,Mt CO2/yr,1.0375517,0.7783156,3.5866298,6.983430299999999,6.548172800000001,9.1252517 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Fossil|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2/yr,1.0375517,0.7783156,0.5353152,0.5239014000000001,0.0053914,0.0049995 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Fossil|Energy|Supply|Electricity,Mt CO2/yr,0.0001645,0.0006705,0.0006705,0.0006705,0.0006703,0.0006691000000000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Fossil|Energy|Supply|Gases,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Fossil|Energy|Supply|Hydrogen,Mt CO2/yr,1.0373872,0.7772646,0.5342642,0.5228503999999999,0.0043406,0.0039499 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Fossil|Energy|Supply|Liquids,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0003805,0.0003805,0.0003805,0.0003805,0.0003805 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Fossil|Energy|Supply|Other,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Industrial Processes,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,0.8114136,2.457846399999999,4.9613399,7.5103001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Industry,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,3.943822599999999,9.2865138,11.5740006,16.6737151 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Industry|Biomass,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,0.8510337,2.4536182,3.6442502,4.990229500000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Industry|Fossil,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,3.0513146,6.4595289,6.542781400000001,9.1202522 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Carbon Sequestration,Mt CO2/yr,30.0558003,34.08744799999999,53.73801470000001,77.8134757,87.5682829,83.87805469999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Carbon Sequestration|BECCS,Mt CO2/yr,0.1138208,3.7187921,20.6950101,41.3622718,47.63318930000001,45.34988679999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Carbon Sequestration|DACCS,Mt CO2/yr,0.0351559,0.091388099999999,0.1095094,0.09480279999999901,0.05174930000000001,0.0050999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Carbon Sequestration|Enhanced Weathering,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Carbon Sequestration|Land Use,Mt CO2/yr,28.2861573,28.2861573,28.2861573,28.2861573,28.2861573,28.2861573 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Carbon Sequestration|Other,Mt CO2/yr,1.6206663,1.9911103,4.6473378,8.0702437,11.5971871,10.2369107 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Consumption,billion EUR2020/yr,2408.07937629798,2642.173748691121,2905.06432056036,3234.327504072421,3593.53047834774,3959.761615671961 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Cost|Total Energy System Cost,billion EUR2020/yr,162.48611802906,192.44999196234,184.36831380954,,122.12592563934,100.59166460826 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Cumulative Capacity|Electricity|Biomass,GW,4.9111503,4.911283500000001,4.911446600000001,4.9115665,4.911666500000001,4.911766500000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Cumulative Capacity|Electricity|Coal,GW,8.2930792,8.2932342,8.2934143,8.2935646,8.293715599999999,8.293867899999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Cumulative Capacity|Electricity|Gas,GW,34.9919604,39.99450220000001,42.0018713,42.00202290000001,42.00217680000001,42.0023345 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Cumulative Capacity|Electricity|Hydro,GW,2.3233323,3.1353628,3.7779057,4.1513922,4.296497,4.324641499999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Cumulative Capacity|Electricity|Solar|CSP,GW,0.033685,0.05420320000000001,0.0668597,0.08004460000000001,0.09172640000000001,0.1032655 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Cumulative Capacity|Electricity|Solar|PV,GW,116.2233384,212.9101713,327.7019591999999,433.3523166,509.5589347,560.7852337 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Cumulative Capacity|Electricity|Wind,GW,77.2159789,123.3529478,180.0269187,236.0344178,286.1473137,330.8173613 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Cumulative Capacity|Gases|Biomass,GW,0.0721527,0.07218770000000001,0.0722377,0.07228770000000001,0.07233769999999999,0.07345460000000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Cumulative Capacity|Hydrogen|Biomass,GW,0.0387482,0.2956012,0.8787581000000001,1.4314375,1.6190897,1.6191397 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Cumulative Capacity|Hydrogen|Electricity,GW,1.0021816,4.191023,11.5307444,22.9357669,35.61880439999999,46.7594535 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Cumulative Capacity|Liquids|Biomass,GW,6.9604861,16.2126558,22.8371209,25.4967763,27.7361982,29.0325106 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Efficiency|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS,%,30.0,31.0,32.0,33.0,34.0,35.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Efficiency|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS,%,41.46277660000001,42.0,43.0,44.0,45.0,46.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Efficiency|Electricity|Coal|w/o CCS,%,44.2638577,44.0,45.0,45.0,46.0,46.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Efficiency|Electricity|Gas|w/ CCS,%,56.5044802,53.0,54.0,55.0,55.0,56.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Efficiency|Electricity|Gas|w/o CCS,%,65.19747709999999,61.0,61.0,62.0,62.0,63.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Efficiency|Gases|Biomass|w/o CCS,%,75.7388462,71.5910769,67.4433077,63.29553850000001,59.1477692,55.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Efficiency|Gases|Coal|w/o CCS,%,59.99333590000001,59.9946687,59.9960015,59.9973344,59.9986672,60.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Efficiency|Hydrogen|Biomass|w/ CCS,%,55.0,55.0,55.0,55.0,55.0,55.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Efficiency|Hydrogen|Biomass|w/o CCS,%,59.0,59.0,59.0,59.0,59.0,59.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Efficiency|Hydrogen|Coal|w/ CCS,%,53.0,53.0,53.0,53.0,53.0,53.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Efficiency|Hydrogen|Coal|w/o CCS,%,57.0,57.0,57.0,57.0,57.0,57.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Efficiency|Hydrogen|Electricity,%,63.0,65.0,67.0,69.0,71.0,73.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Efficiency|Hydrogen|Gas|w/ CCS,%,70.0,70.0,70.0,70.0,70.0,70.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Efficiency|Hydrogen|Gas|w/o CCS,%,73.0,73.0,73.0,73.0,73.0,73.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Efficiency|Liquids|Biomass|w/ CCS,%,41.0,41.0,41.0,41.0,41.0,41.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Efficiency|Liquids|Biomass|w/o CCS,%,41.0,41.0,41.0,41.0,41.0,41.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Efficiency|Liquids|Coal|w/ CCS,%,40.0,40.0,40.0,40.0,40.0,40.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Efficiency|Liquids|Coal|w/o CCS,%,40.0,40.0,40.0,40.0,40.0,40.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Efficiency|Liquids|Oil,%,92.379134,92.10580719999999,91.8324804,91.55915360000002,91.2858268,91.0125 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CH4,Mt CH4/yr,1.7316533,1.4122813,1.2843751,1.2303935,1.2299449,1.2434165 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CH4|AFOLU,Mt CH4/yr,1.1332705,1.1153717,0.9950237,0.9438527999999999,0.9340350000000001,0.9396342000000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CH4|Energy,Mt CH4/yr,0.0145433,0.0014627,0.0001954,2.300000000000001e-06,1.900000000000001e-06,1.400000000000001e-06 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CH4|Energy|Supply,Mt CH4/yr,0.0145433,0.0014627,0.0001954,2.300000000000001e-06,1.900000000000001e-06,1.400000000000001e-06 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2,Mt CO2/yr,586.0823445000001,348.0780857,150.3204626,-6.576809900000001,-56.31544839999999,-60.3001247 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|AFOLU,Mt CO2/yr,-15.7094907,-16.0394907,-19.7794907,-20.3294907,-20.8061573,-20.622824 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|ESR,Mt CO2/yr,274.6941296,197.6835722,99.4038833,23.9179991,3.870618099999999,1.633787 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|ETS,Mt CO2/yr,327.0977055,166.4340042,70.69606990000001,-10.1653184,-39.3799092,-41.31108769999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy,Mt CO2/yr,582.8397977,346.0600615,153.3302316,-0.05116950000000001,-45.7368448,-47.9718087 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy incl Bunkers,Mt CO2/yr,612.5861031,370.8904076,171.7972162,10.6741156,-42.62698260000001,-46.8850723 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy incl Bunkers|Demand,Mt CO2/yr,377.8053153,264.0731016,143.8520925,35.4309148,-4.921133999999999,-10.2944456 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand,Mt CO2/yr,354.502671,242.0701667,126.3922876,24.84366409999999,-8.004864399999999,-11.3881354 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers,Mt CO2/yr,29.7463054,24.8303461,18.4669846,10.725285,3.1098621,1.0867364 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers|Aviation,Mt CO2/yr,21.2256078976766,17.62331683060389,12.9691722159288,7.50999886536439,2.16406251497262,0.749598497844363 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers|Navigation,Mt CO2/yr,8.539470856974921,7.222700071588589,5.509467163991851,3.22205504501617,0.9477622727896651,0.33782375741858 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Residential and Commercial,Mt CO2/yr,103.7891953,79.2701066,41.466416,10.503003,2.0217339,0.963983399999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation,Mt CO2/yr,133.1005533,89.1799544,40.9397239,10.1449864,1.1940745,0.2104562 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2/yr,228.3371267,103.9898948,26.93794399999999,-24.8948335,-37.7319804,-36.5836734 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Electricity,Mt CO2/yr,144.5283827,57.6127042,21.219214,1.6785093,-0.5880006999999999,-1.3370704 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Electricity and Heat,Mt CO2/yr,177.7108278,77.977655,27.7771835,3.8068718,0.7206908,-0.19177 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Heat,Mt CO2/yr,33.1824452,20.3649508,6.5579695,2.1283625,1.3086915,1.1453004 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Hydrogen,Mt CO2/yr,2.7553553,1.4447166,-3.5733761,-6.195352499999999,-5.776867300000001,-5.122296 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Industry + Processes,Mt CO2/yr,136.6001157,91.76900870000001,60.86537869999999,18.0943276,-0.9413696999999992,-4.262967 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Land-Use Change,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,-15.7094907,-16.0394907,-19.7794907,-20.3294907,-20.8061573,-20.622824 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|F-Gases,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,14.907223,12.349007,9.790792,7.232576,4.67436,2.116144 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy,Mt CO2/yr,584.576815,351.7699662,178.8296911,49.84133749999999,14.2726598,8.7376028 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry,Mt CO2/yr,119.2361188,75.6112182,49.6403913,15.1777897,4.5151181,2.9147485 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2/yr,228.4509475,107.708687,46.78315980000001,14.0155583,6.5417333,4.648414700000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Electricity,Mt CO2/yr,144.5394771,57.8431089,22.3091431,3.967753499999999,2.288981399999999,1.5061826 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Gases,Mt CO2/yr,8.168120999999998,8.0502882,6.429383000000001,2.7506348,1.313777,1.0906881 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Heat,Mt CO2/yr,33.1824452,20.3649508,6.5579695,2.1283625,1.3086915,1.1453004 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Hydrogen,Mt CO2/yr,2.7553553,2.0933522,0.5243293,0.4817851,0.3572462,0.2920416 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Liquids,Mt CO2/yr,23.3006143,18.2904943,10.9595044,4.6847627,1.2713092,0.6130207 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Solids,Mt CO2/yr,16.5049347,1.0664926,0.0028306,0.0022599,0.0017281,0.0011813 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross|Kyoto Gases|Energy|Demand,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,352.5849878,243.2361822,132.2523298,36.489369,8.295942,4.4740504 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross|Kyoto Gases|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,240.1690399,112.0273746,48.1961676,14.2608108,6.6703028,4.7677221 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|HFC,kt HFC134a-equiv/yr,4.945431,4.0854,3.225369,2.365338,1.505308,0.645277 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,683.4308263999999,426.5367361999999,215.6271696,53.5860017,0.8991475999999999,-5.0105982 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|AFOLU,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,39.8405443,37.4890252,26.8341096,24.3862642,23.5736566,24.4332773 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Agriculture|ESR,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,50.8610279,48.8981575,42.12479280000001,40.22615410000001,39.88420379999999,40.5539578 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Demand|Transport|ESR,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,136.0033347,91.1822686,42.15270230000001,10.9466106,1.7852217,0.5883650999999991 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|ESR,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,340.4609923,255.081551,149.3781454,71.73762080000002,51.3022609,49.6729648 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|ETS,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,339.0830946,170.5153105,71.74891530000001,-9.544305199999998,-38.76692630000001,-40.6790264 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Energy,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,591.0170102999999,349.5536522,154.9490379,0.8576729000000001,-45.0432598,-47.467639 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,233.611558,105.4811713,27.34377190000001,-24.7876154,-37.6295427,-36.4574126 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Fugitive Emissions,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,3.745837,1.1669098,0.3307278,0.08455220000000001,0.0923208,0.1187755 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Fugitive Emissions|ETS,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,3.745837,1.1669098,0.3307278,0.08455220000000001,0.0923208,0.1187755 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Industrial Processes,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,40.60537420000001,33.0879398,27.3170405,21.6450241,15.4642082,10.9215524 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Industry,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,151.7746354,103.8806343,70.2960084,25.7026644,4.2174037,-1.6340692 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Industry|ESR,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,37.80438099999999,29.2335112,16.9977434,3.2700097,0.6548096999999999,0.4593474 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Industry|ETS,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,99.0630314,62.29811610000002,43.507473,15.2000787,-1.111766,-4.209560600000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Land-Use Change,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,-11.0204835,-11.4091323,-15.2906832,-15.8398899,-16.3105471,-16.1206806 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Other,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,14.907223,12.349007,9.790792,7.232576,4.67436,2.116144 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Waste|ESR,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,12.0030534,6.4975071,6.636490999999999,6.791843400000001,6.956291900000001,7.107310999999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|N2O,kt N2O/yr,128.1319524,100.2481727,73.7864564,69.7328931,68.30860360000001,69.2744122 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|N2O|AFOLU,kt N2O/yr,72.18661970000001,66.67075579999998,53.8269,52.06896270000001,51.8159393,53.7516953 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|PFC,kt CF4-equiv/yr,0.102112,0.09543399999999999,0.088755,0.082077,0.07539900000000001,0.06872 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|SF6,kt SF6/yr,0.202141,0.168146,0.13415,0.100154,0.066159,0.032163 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Energy Service|Residential and Commercial|Floor Space,bn m2/yr,5.272,5.359,5.432,5.503,5.566,5.611 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Freight,bn tkm/yr,604.2863898997899,610.2795500176874,607.5805406938289,614.7381619925569,650.0420470995391,682.3877514772787 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Freight|Domestic Navigation,bn tkm/yr,41.23275846541991,40.68390061925029,32.4493747418039,27.9573058473349,27.7346843439011,30.6322567429766 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Freight|International Shipping,bn tkm/yr,1152.70266946866,1050.79204925815,941.4189947677701,835.6899863713392,802.8498120158309,846.5119192840328 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Freight|Rail,bn tkm/yr,130.198932374591,145.397366167659,151.801454596953,164.432604206966,185.642903083642,204.875667081281 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Freight|Road,bn tkm/yr,432.854699059779,424.198283230778,423.3297113550719,422.348251938256,436.664459671996,446.8798276530211 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Freight|Road|BEV,bn tkm/yr,8.827237819714071,66.1240450513144,225.791544707334,356.445674941847,400.7494746423361,424.9962683710519 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Freight|Road|FCEV,bn tkm/yr,0.5205442424608251,1.72745813996332,3.85950797655098,8.165036802558093,14.4543748485234,18.3814088776877 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Freight|Road|ICE,bn tkm/yr,422.0153368286669,352.614179236737,189.569564382956,55.2150889503547,19.8186778519103,3.17465511051043 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger,bn pkm/yr,1135.549405759678,1139.475187051012,1154.597110654902,1161.14739218521,1211.353886274086,1247.383093300353 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Bicycling and Walking,bn pkm/yr,88.03053715836819,86.2937041221953,84.5182854579695,82.06113089098979,85.2014260768449,87.67172993980189 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Domestic Aviation,bn pkm/yr,7.345664808321399,6.30344022029257,4.36276966360292,2.79559240967684,2.28470551485501,2.30516874682158 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|International Aviation,bn pkm/yr,202.845211523673,190.361457852192,172.714530475617,155.609723059463,150.163318936127,157.802065402383 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Rail,bn pkm/yr,142.763159942824,159.246220327864,165.349488087251,168.167728286,183.826246721581,197.686096953522 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Road,bn pkm/yr,897.4100438501648,887.6318223806607,900.3665674460785,908.1229405985432,940.0415079608049,959.720097660208 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Road|2W and 3W,bn pkm/yr,13.002993423408,11.6226148188745,10.1249984571074,9.03803041324497,9.186150124173649,9.480745300889192 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Road|Bus,bn pkm/yr,69.96407558979861,82.47407191373209,89.44094065854222,92.4602475171389,100.444262639647,107.242881405147 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Road|LDV,bn pkm/yr,915.476505418735,891.451454589124,895.443912245506,897.7238239723952,924.7986713980051,940.1489461948639 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Road|LDV|BEV,bn pkm/yr,77.01224572820071,293.312797574843,552.113253402118,753.8265591277899,879.7996632192821,921.364470808297 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Road|LDV|FCEV,bn pkm/yr,4.464096815282399,5.71154795294491,7.504739955389989,8.972258372554931,10.4394044712446,11.0225233307738 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Road|LDV|ICE,bn pkm/yr,787.51464287834,530.208711494796,270.2015142473489,94.9436748023905,21.21252207416649,6.469160320509141 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy,TWh/yr,2199.786972222223,1940.199416666667,1652.035305555556,1383.993888888889,1325.052277777778,1284.532083333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy incl Non-Energy Use incl Bunkers,TWh/yr,2619.70575,2269.347583333333,1971.187722222222,1681.404388888889,1616.160444444444,1582.850555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers,TWh/yr,115.1628888888889,103.0909722222222,89.59972222222223,78.59530555555556,74.05919444444443,76.17047222222223 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation,TWh/yr,82.17445711092809,73.1682543543903,62.92453562765111,55.03320558116666,51.53530729135583,52.53978934862 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids,TWh/yr,82.17445711092809,73.1682543543903,62.92453562765111,55.03320558116666,51.53530729135583,52.53978934862 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,2.498751789319269,7.01466264791925,10.37112146707739,16.41798136030819,21.67453342035792,22.90288860471581 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,3.870335271951972,10.4245377893105,21.73741608206175,26.82309256881278 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,79.67570532160889,66.1535917064711,48.68307888862167,28.19068643154806,8.123357788936277,2.813808175091444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Liquids,TWh/yr,115.1628888888889,103.0909722222222,89.59972222222223,78.59530555555556,74.05919444444443,76.17047222222223 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation,TWh/yr,33.06036675459917,29.98711088515111,26.73113264886589,23.61119100882939,22.57015203093019,23.67826123287765 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids,TWh/yr,33.06036675459917,29.98711088515111,26.73113264886589,23.61119100882939,22.57015203093019,23.67826123287765 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,1.005295970158836,2.874873379187833,4.405782591617917,7.043894495767809,9.492473028855114,10.32171209845556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,1.644167009230494,4.472495293030889,9.520012812924726,12.08844193690489 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,32.05507078444028,27.11223750596317,20.68118304801747,12.09480122003069,3.557666189150389,1.268107197517192 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Carbon Dioxide Removal,TWh/yr,0.2235,0.2254166666666667,0.2193333333333334,0.1897499999999997,0.1122777777777778,0.01236111111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Carbon Dioxide Removal|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.04469444444444444,0.04508333333333333,0.04386111111111111,0.03794444444444444,0.02244444444444445,0.002472222222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Carbon Dioxide Removal|Gases,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Carbon Dioxide Removal|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0002222222222222224,0.0,0.0002222222222222224,0.0,0.0002222222222222224,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Carbon Dioxide Removal|Liquids,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Electricity,TWh/yr,543.0600833333333,620.4919722222222,750.1797777777778,839.2898333333334,907.7457777777777,901.4119722222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases,TWh/yr,513.019,497.5023333333333,366.3371388888889,135.9224166666667,46.53333333333334,34.16697222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,18.45069444444445,25.15538888888888,34.326,35.17825,21.00686111111112,17.04338888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0005555555555555556,0.0005555555555555556,0.0007777777777777777,0.003722222222222222,0.003666666666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,494.5683055555555,472.3463888888888,332.0105833333333,100.7434166666667,25.52274999999999,17.11991666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Heat,TWh/yr,116.2588611111111,116.4216388888889,137.0146111111111,179.4655833333333,190.1416388888888,185.5715833333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,13.06091666666667,24.18308333333333,32.67438888888888,80.08155555555557,103.1316944444444,103.3231388888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry,TWh/yr,1060.673916666667,907.0280277777778,851.32075,784.9921388888889,779.4148888888889,772.3238055555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use,TWh/yr,755.9180555555555,680.9708333333331,621.7680555555555,566.1769166666667,562.3659166666666,550.1758055555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals,TWh/yr,143.9011666666667,120.6975555555555,107.1544166666667,91.87222222222219,72.17036111111112,64.82777777777777 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Electricity,TWh/yr,55.45241666666666,53.58833333333333,49.53975,44.99369444444445,34.01180555555555,29.39463888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Gases,TWh/yr,25.11530555555555,11.84566666666667,10.07169444444444,11.9425,11.01763888888889,8.93327777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,5.0195,10.10472222222222,9.152916666666666,4.958,4.658611111111111,5.091333333333334 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Liquids,TWh/yr,47.39169444444444,44.95311111111111,37.896,29.78388888888889,22.32341666666667,21.3236388888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Solids,TWh/yr,10.92225,0.2057222222222222,0.4940555555555555,0.1941666666666667,0.1589166666666664,0.08488888888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Electricity,TWh/yr,221.8109722222222,230.0348611111111,237.0676388888889,243.8682777777778,272.4434444444445,272.1643888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases,TWh/yr,169.5648611111111,207.8192222222222,187.1741944444444,72.65669444444444,28.15552777777778,24.55788888888888 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,6.6805,11.15986111111111,18.14961111111111,18.84413888888889,12.68275,12.23877777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0005555555555555556,0.0005555555555555556,0.0,0.0002222222222222224,0.0005833333333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,162.8843611111111,196.6588055555555,169.0240277777777,53.81255555555556,15.47255555555556,12.31852777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Heat,TWh/yr,43.70044444444444,39.44594444444444,63.76272222222222,112.7660833333334,115.8578611111111,109.5704166666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,11.41833333333333,21.78869444444445,29.27369444444444,75.45788888888889,96.91591666666666,96.27874999999996 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids,TWh/yr,107.5141666666667,115.1054166666667,73.6215,46.95555555555556,37.48377777777777,38.868 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,1.354166666666667,11.49358333333333,12.13552777777778,13.67433333333333,15.48280555555556,16.34697222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.08083333333333333,0.02713888888888889,4.168611111111111,8.693138888888889,15.52758333333333,19.57297222222223 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,106.0791666666667,103.5846944444445,57.31736111111111,24.58811111111111,6.47338888888889,2.948055555555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals,TWh/yr,67.30613888888888,67.93525,64.45494444444445,62.54808333333333,57.04458333333334,53.46683333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Electricity,TWh/yr,10.46788888888889,10.76772222222222,12.40458333333333,13.01719444444444,15.45802777777778,13.56197222222223 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Gases,TWh/yr,22.086,29.62788888888889,24.03647222222222,24.60366666666667,12.95683333333333,10.08638888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,1.000944444444444,1.347416666666667,2.281527777777778,2.665055555555556,6.929749999999999,8.445305555555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Liquids,TWh/yr,5.679861111111111,20.31783333333334,7.951166666666666,9.465527777777776,10.59875,12.89738888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Solids,TWh/yr,28.07147222222222,5.874361111111111,17.78116666666667,12.79661111111111,11.10122222222222,8.475833333333334 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids,TWh/yr,201.9092777777778,66.77669444444444,30.86833333333333,14.47241666666667,11.50938888888889,8.736361111111112 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,65.83936111111112,57.08669444444445,30.84052777777778,14.44805555555556,11.48713888888889,8.718555555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,136.0699166666667,9.69,0.02780555555555555,0.02436111111111111,0.02225,0.01780555555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel,TWh/yr,183.5009166666666,167.0356944444444,148.5166666666667,132.4583055555555,126.6280833333333,124.5549166666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Electricity,TWh/yr,21.75327777777778,38.73008333333333,46.34394444444445,47.60625,48.31102777777778,47.18088888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Gases,TWh/yr,21.87016666666668,75.46319444444445,90.20124999999999,20.977,0.0,1.756388888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,6.565333333333333,63.87508333333333,78.31705555555556,75.61766666666666 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Liquids,TWh/yr,1.07325,0.3724166666666667,0.03494444444444444,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Primary,TWh/yr,166.1127222222222,147.7125277777778,127.7455,110.2896944444444,103.2207777777778,101.8370833333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Secondary,TWh/yr,17.38819444444444,19.32316666666667,20.77116666666668,22.16861111111111,23.40733333333334,22.71783333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Solids,TWh/yr,138.8042222222222,52.46997222222222,5.371194444444445,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries,TWh/yr,361.2098333333333,325.3023611111111,301.6420555555555,279.2983333333333,306.5228888888889,307.3262777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Electricity,TWh/yr,134.1373888888889,126.9487222222222,128.7793611111111,138.2511666666667,174.6625833333333,182.0269166666666 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Gases,TWh/yr,100.4934166666667,90.88247222222222,62.86480555555556,15.13355555555556,4.181083333333333,3.781861111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Heat,TWh/yr,43.70044444444444,39.44594444444444,63.76272222222222,112.7660833333334,115.8578611111111,109.5704166666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,5.397888888888889,10.33655555555555,11.27391666666667,3.95975,7.0105,7.124444444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Liquids,TWh/yr,53.36936111111111,49.46202777777778,27.73936111111111,7.706166666666664,4.561611111111112,4.646972222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Solids,TWh/yr,24.11133333333333,8.226638888888889,7.221916666666669,1.481611111111111,0.24925,0.1756388888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Electricity,TWh/yr,221.8109722222222,230.0348611111111,237.0676388888889,243.8682777777778,272.4434444444445,272.1643888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases,TWh/yr,261.3076944444445,254.7943888888889,234.8815555555556,134.9937222222222,99.53966666666666,89.96300000000004 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,10.19,13.81038888888889,22.96244444444445,35.00511111111111,44.82663888888889,44.82663888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0007777777777777777,0.0007777777777777777,0.0,0.0002222222222222224,0.0005833333333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,251.1124166666667,240.9791666666667,211.9153055555556,99.9868888888889,54.71216666666666,45.13508333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.005277777777777778,0.004083333333333333,0.003055555555555555,0.001722222222222222,0.0006388888888888888,0.0006944444444444445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Heat,TWh/yr,43.70044444444444,39.44594444444444,63.76272222222222,112.7660833333334,115.8578611111111,109.5704166666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,11.41833333333333,21.78869444444445,29.27369444444444,75.45788888888889,96.91591666666666,96.27874999999996 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids,TWh/yr,280.6297222222223,293.3716111111111,253.1266388888889,202.42025,182.1190277777778,194.9893333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,2.480611111111112,30.32086111111111,41.77027777777777,58.86561111111114,75.16541666666667,81.90455555555559 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.1270833333333333,0.02713888888888889,14.04355555555556,37.41836111111111,75.39288888888892,98.14888888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,278.0220277777777,263.0230833333333,197.312,106.1350277777778,31.55902777777778,14.93369444444445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0005,0.0008055555555555555,0.00125,0.001694444444444445,0.002194444444444445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids,TWh/yr,241.80675,67.5925,33.20852777777778,15.48591666666667,12.53894444444444,9.357944444444447 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,78.42469444444447,57.78155555555556,33.17852777777778,15.45983333333333,12.51472222222222,9.338833333333337 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,163.3820555555556,9.810944444444445,0.02997222222222222,0.02608333333333334,0.02422222222222222,0.01908333333333334 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids,TWh/yr,769.1911111111111,584.0683888888889,316.8114444444444,129.9425555555555,65.27666666666667,51.16530555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,17.69561111111111,51.52177777777777,50.85666666666667,38.22344444444445,27.04872222222222,21.58302777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.08083333333333333,0.1270833333333333,18.75369444444445,24.13097222222222,27.12538888888889,25.79119444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,751.4146666666667,532.4195277777777,247.2010833333333,67.58813888888888,11.10255555555555,3.791083333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use,TWh/yr,304.7558611111111,226.0571666666667,229.5526944444444,218.8151944444444,217.0489722222221,222.148 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals,TWh/yr,304.7558611111111,226.0571666666667,229.5526944444444,218.8151944444444,217.0489722222221,222.148 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Gases,TWh/yr,91.74283333333334,46.97516666666667,47.70736111111111,62.33702777777778,71.38413888888891,65.40511111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Liquids,TWh/yr,173.1155555555555,178.2661944444444,179.5051388888889,155.4646944444445,144.63525,156.1213333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Solids,TWh/yr,39.8975,0.8158055555555556,2.340194444444444,1.0135,1.029583333333333,0.6215555555555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Gases,TWh/yr,91.74283333333334,46.97516666666667,47.70736111111111,62.33702777777778,71.38413888888891,65.40511111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,3.5095,2.650527777777777,4.812833333333333,16.16097222222222,32.14388888888889,32.58786111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0002222222222222224,0.0002222222222222224,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,88.23333333333333,44.32441666666667,42.89433333333336,46.17605555555556,39.24025,32.81725 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Liquids,TWh/yr,173.1155555555555,178.2661944444444,179.5051388888889,155.4646944444445,144.63525,156.1213333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,1.126444444444444,18.82727777777778,29.63475,45.19127777777778,59.68261111111111,65.5576111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.04625,0.0,9.874944444444443,28.72522222222222,59.86527777777777,78.57588888888891 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,171.9428611111111,159.4389166666667,139.9954444444444,81.54819444444445,25.08736111111111,11.98783333333334 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Solids,TWh/yr,39.8975,0.8158055555555556,2.340194444444444,1.0135,1.029583333333333,0.6215555555555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial,TWh/yr,881.0721388888888,803.2849722222219,682.8872222222221,552.8910277777777,530.2017222222222,513.048138888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Appliances and Lighting,TWh/yr,208.9790833333333,220.141,240.9189722222222,232.4155277777778,241.1305277777778,240.9069444444445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Appliances and Lighting|Electricity,TWh/yr,208.9790833333333,220.141,240.9189722222222,232.4155277777778,241.1305277777778,240.9069444444445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Electricity,TWh/yr,279.3727777777777,305.9336666666667,367.5120833333334,409.2763611111111,435.2099166666666,426.1010833333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases,TWh/yr,341.6746944444445,287.5923055555556,176.9597222222222,61.84963888888889,17.69672222222222,9.503500000000003 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,11.70527777777778,13.889,15.9675,15.9675,8.017055555555554,4.751972222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0007777777777777777,0.0035,0.003083333333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,329.9694166666666,273.7033055555555,160.9922222222222,45.88136111111111,9.676138888888891,4.748444444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Heat,TWh/yr,72.37983333333334,76.7953611111111,73.07666666666667,66.54772222222222,74.19419444444445,75.99127777777781 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids,TWh/yr,144.3570833333333,102.2083055555556,47.18911111111111,10.39780555555556,2.387111111111111,1.295527777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,1.519333333333333,9.166861111111112,7.859833333333333,3.058472222222222,0.9914444444444444,0.550611111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.09991666666666667,2.842083333333334,1.946472222222222,0.9943055555555556,0.6546944444444445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,142.83775,92.9415,36.48719444444445,5.392861111111111,0.4013888888888889,0.09022222222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Non-Heating|Electricity,TWh/yr,208.9790833333333,220.141,240.9189722222222,232.4155277777778,241.1305277777778,240.9069444444445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Solids,TWh/yr,43.28775,30.75533333333333,18.14963888888889,4.819500000000001,0.7137777777777777,0.15675 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,40.631,28.86775,18.14558333333334,4.815694444444444,0.7126666666666667,0.1565 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,2.65675,1.887583333333333,0.004027777777777778,0.003833333333333333,0.001111111111111111,0.0002500000000000002 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Electricity|Heat Pumps,TWh/yr,19.21419444444444,27.39063888888889,48.60986111111111,92.12602777777778,105.29925,108.2915555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Electricity|Resistive,TWh/yr,51.17947222222222,58.4020277777778,77.98325000000001,84.73480555555552,88.78016666666667,76.90258333333334 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Gases,TWh/yr,329.9624722222222,273.6986666666666,160.9898888888889,45.88055555555555,9.67602777777778,4.748361111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Heat,TWh/yr,72.37983333333334,76.7953611111111,73.07666666666667,66.54772222222222,74.19419444444445,75.99127777777781 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0007777777777777777,0.0035,0.003083333333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Liquids,TWh/yr,144.3570833333333,102.2083055555556,47.18911111111111,10.39780555555556,2.387111111111111,1.295527777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Solids,TWh/yr,43.28775,30.75533333333333,18.14963888888889,4.819500000000001,0.7137777777777777,0.15675 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space and Water Heating,TWh/yr,672.0930277777778,583.1439722222221,441.96825,320.4755,289.0711944444445,272.1412222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Solids,TWh/yr,245.1970277777778,97.53202777777777,49.01797222222222,19.29191666666666,12.22316666666667,8.89313888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,106.4703611111111,85.95444444444443,48.98611111111111,19.26374999999999,12.19980555555556,8.875055555555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Solids|Biomass|Traditional,TWh/yr,1.283444444444444,0.7061944444444445,0.2604166666666664,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,138.7266666666667,11.57758333333334,0.03186111111111111,0.02816666666666667,0.02336111111111111,0.01808333333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation,TWh/yr,562.5733055555555,455.7182222222223,347.1606666666667,264.7361944444444,232.3723611111111,221.2957777777777 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus,TWh/yr,11.39308997305164,11.74758230336961,9.135903901249167,6.205755377643028,5.307568462766,4.333824091114278 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.1477913718707647,0.8179586840859638,2.111916288797848,3.110668423698361,3.544575623708278,3.878391312681583 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Gases,TWh/yr,0.4964881180839722,0.5094337774055167,0.3926196787549055,0.2454550168831558,0.1896528853601614,0.04060830576243805 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.004898830013751111,0.01904228032398889,0.04650899438196361,0.07961125826579112,0.1114749289820164,0.1411129034232328 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Liquids,TWh/yr,10.74391165308316,10.40114756155413,6.584858939314472,2.77002067879573,1.461865024715553,0.2737115692470486 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation,TWh/yr,5.631411885285166,4.584735107199277,3.007843717572278,1.870825582755649,1.483733458363558,1.452225017521289 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,6.546169606138506e-07,9.950982123670703e-07,1.621079451386946e-05,4.871615287392808e-05,8.392888743704644e-05,0.0001087890193663009 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Liquids,TWh/yr,5.631411230668195,4.584734112101056,3.00782750677775,1.870776866602775,1.483649529476119,1.452116228501922 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation,TWh/yr,4.414664557552972,4.3341643520535,3.439582039453583,2.948716053641806,2.910639021115444,3.198605459328527 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Liquids,TWh/yr,4.414664557552972,4.3341643520535,3.439582039453583,2.948716053641806,2.910639021115444,3.198605459328527 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Electricity,TWh/yr,41.83166666666666,84.47836111111111,145.5561666666667,186.10725,200.0699722222222,203.1439999999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases,TWh/yr,1.779416666666667,2.090805555555555,2.203194444444445,1.416083333333333,0.6810833333333334,0.1055833333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.06491666666666666,0.1065277777777778,0.2088611111111111,0.3665833333333334,0.3070277777777777,0.05261111111111112 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,1.7145,1.984277777777778,1.994333333333334,1.0495,0.3740277777777778,0.05294444444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,1.642333333333333,2.394361111111111,3.400472222222222,4.623666666666666,6.21552777777778,7.044388888888888 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV,TWh/yr,337.5313359166416,261.6217738635125,194.2559805290011,141.0214926930109,114.5415030272736,107.0356546119192 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Electricity,TWh/yr,19.76322442906856,48.27921978229111,77.66603192326751,94.2593938268961,101.3168458069169,102.2393630216453 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Gases,TWh/yr,0.9972464914721834,1.209940405631672,1.492018408878877,0.9956883972135142,0.3973910842441444,0.04882986999512805 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,1.349034964988714,1.532576687199272,1.858285139918417,2.108261728975375,2.373010859153318,2.454233898624356 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Liquids,TWh/yr,315.4218300311139,210.6000369883908,113.2396450569364,43.65814873992584,10.45425527695919,2.2932278216543 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids,TWh/yr,517.3198611111111,366.7546944444445,196.0008055555555,72.58919444444444,25.40577777777778,11.00177777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,14.82213888888889,30.86133333333333,30.86133333333333,21.49063888888889,10.57447222222222,4.685444444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,11.74297222222222,13.49138888888889,10.6035,5.563527777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,502.49775,335.8933333333333,153.3965,37.60716666666666,4.227777777777778,0.7528055555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail,TWh/yr,24.10628867880914,26.6002745863503,27.14700530614111,27.77007012931653,30.33505514288139,32.70284261425028 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Electricity,TWh/yr,19.88282803141553,22.31090326649772,23.45475899865089,24.53326495293661,27.25608837988642,29.63142093064269 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Freight,TWh/yr,8.490653015554638,9.303650733638198,9.402245124992504,9.90952388918789,10.96532353254278,11.97601720167156 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Liquids,TWh/yr,4.223460647393611,4.28937131985258,3.69224630749023,3.236805176379922,3.078966762995075,3.0714216836077 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Passenger,TWh/yr,15.61563566325447,17.29662385271211,17.74476018114861,17.86054624012863,19.36973161033873,20.72682541257884 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck,TWh/yr,180.0609580685625,147.3765041950178,110.6504852801714,85.16787172445582,77.9503659457392,72.76965558317752 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Electricity,TWh/yr,1.926273127076792,12.93107239330856,42.24747800475306,64.28702484395889,68.08515290040586,67.37381964513169 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Gases,TWh/yr,0.3055656973760778,0.3922340234085666,0.3207795233152361,0.1643029563885361,0.08844494803600139,0.01577557997862528 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.2803451681236692,0.8335303622370253,1.490592409110928,2.442280020441458,3.742762680960722,4.440208906340225 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Liquids,TWh/yr,177.5487740759858,133.2196674160636,66.59163534299222,18.27426390366692,6.034005416336859,0.9398514517271221 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,GDP|MER,billion EUR2020/yr,3631.2589803147,3788.818380866821,3959.21491027482,4139.14919607882,4370.10832134324,4596.23206351596 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,GDP|PPP,billion EUR2020/yr,4315.9019939007,4503.16788003684,4705.69122668232,4919.55059257032,5194.055097684601,5462.812549262461 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation,billion EUR2020/yr,202.4681018076619,207.5021715745912,226.2096760508719,235.90797432345,244.5955513733616,248.0210057021511 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Bus,billion EUR2020/yr,0.677104727253628,0.9372130335778681,1.174394432248724,1.294417023117832,1.458145120252847,1.613087834847872 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Bus|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.066033942299419,0.33960165346725,0.7821666687000001,1.109227833332624,1.338815161649096,1.563449773760934 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Bus|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.001085619096769,0.003908734592659001,0.008627971467719,0.014965179201721,0.022863933884322,0.031013866063845 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Bus|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,0.555219237537098,0.5375085338059711,0.340291093155225,0.143148604022809,0.075545983883693,0.014144814637138 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Domestic Navigation,billion EUR2020/yr,0.011542665442383,0.011389018615696,0.009083852024435,0.007826345849182001,0.007764025363479,0.00857516946449 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV,billion EUR2020/yr,134.872817387759,132.0717074696934,136.0716453174193,136.6734846313168,137.8012131779758,136.3765820066975 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,12.49067582957052,45.21583937547807,86.5033913127741,115.6248710073266,130.6965808434335,132.8885099678745 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,1.121462119835137,1.270815744910505,1.561516393728269,1.752009636192286,1.918162220918022,1.943294233865466 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,114.7833054736546,77.22263879597905,39.52480506185068,14.22962634684767,3.541024743102048,1.384264327576239 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|PHEV,billion EUR2020/yr,5.096301185935457,6.728862753182551,6.53413213356778,3.784441519993388,1.135471976412983,0.09430224537283301 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Rail,billion EUR2020/yr,8.213535083504134,9.16485041860952,9.66991711250959,9.996523907967148,11.11364709699833,12.14832451352819 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck,billion EUR2020/yr,56.54671569482182,62.99727702719498,76.9501013649618,85.47589275403043,91.47229838750864,94.8586518081486 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,2.642740527902083,16.32659252006562,49.81168901311295,75.8318657170686,85.56780976482574,90.33887668108014 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.286686916435082,0.862514407813821,1.471816127052545,2.222712625293787,3.335032282825925,4.100991554438893 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,53.10410125327695,45.09449495340797,25.0057585436682,7.0761574566686,2.372809382395207,0.380437036756333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply,billion EUR2020/yr,60.2983769682,86.29781472690001,85.1903920035,66.13848463277999,41.67267400590001,30.12279084024 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|CO2 Transport and Storage,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1081956456,0.93751711872,1.57089277296,0.895534435739999,0.5087148859799999,0.09708777288 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|DACCS,billion EUR2020/yr,0.10711410864,0.0086907177,0.00204447096,0.0020383692,0.00203245812,0.00202664238 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity,billion EUR2020/yr,50.16009021534,68.28380328924,63.20393640330001,46.57351620684,29.981364819,23.38012160988 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Biomass,billion EUR2020/yr,0.224301651,0.00015197196,0.00010544604,7.360248000000005e-05,7.255374000000003e-05,7.140966000000005e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,3.708726000000002e-05,7.608132000000007e-05,3.069948000000003e-05,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,0.22426456374,7.589064000000005e-05,7.474656000000004e-05,7.360248000000005e-05,7.255374000000003e-05,7.140966000000005e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Coal,billion EUR2020/yr,0.00013290396,0.00016036188,8.599668000000007e-05,8.590134000000005e-05,8.647338000000005e-05,8.752212000000006e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Coal|w/ CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,4.938612000000003e-05,7.417452000000006e-05,1.906800000000001e-07,5.720400000000003e-07,1.430100000000001e-06,2.955540000000002e-06 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Coal|w/o CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,8.351784000000007e-05,8.618736000000006e-05,8.580600000000007e-05,8.542464000000007e-05,8.494794000000006e-05,8.456658000000007e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Electricity Storage,billion EUR2020/yr,4.871270783820001,8.0575566561,7.248627932279999,4.017885018,1.72206101676,3.1673382867 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Fossil,billion EUR2020/yr,1.25368391274,0.696970294439999,0.11402311242,0.0001251814200000001,0.0001268975400000001,0.0001296624000000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Gas,billion EUR2020/yr,1.25354881596,0.696804402839999,0.11393158602,3.375036000000002e-05,3.489444000000003e-05,3.661056000000002e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Gas|w/ CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,3.861270000000002e-05,9.534000000000008e-08,4.767000000000003e-07,1.239420000000001e-06,2.574180000000002e-06,4.480980000000004e-06 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Gas|w/o CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,1.25351020326,0.6968042121599991,0.11393110932,3.251094000000002e-05,3.232026000000002e-05,3.212958000000002e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Geothermal,billion EUR2020/yr,0.07206121355999999,0.0052322592,0.01024275756,0.0236076141,0.04647310164,0.0777778953 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Hydro,billion EUR2020/yr,0.5205266539200001,0.47101897542,0.35350508424,0.20184898566,0.06839987154,0.0061661145 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Hydrogen,billion EUR2020/yr,0.41713433286,1.67974149756,2.38582496124,1.38271725942,0.47598313854,0.46640842836 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Non-Biomass Renewables,billion EUR2020/yr,26.34640166088,31.25302804428,24.91532680938,19.9702067103,14.9805820899,12.46298123154 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Non-fossil,billion EUR2020/yr,26.98783764474,32.9329215138,27.30125721666,21.3529975722,15.45663778218,12.92946106956 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Nuclear,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Oil,billion EUR2020/yr,2.192820000000001e-06,5.529720000000003e-06,5.529720000000003e-06,5.529720000000003e-06,5.529720000000003e-06,5.529720000000003e-06 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Oil|w/ CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Oil|w/o CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,2.192820000000001e-06,5.529720000000003e-06,5.529720000000003e-06,5.529720000000003e-06,5.529720000000003e-06,5.529720000000003e-06 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Solar,billion EUR2020/yr,7.66082155566,6.32871277038,5.497732762620001,3.89112877188,2.33119209036,1.58424504462 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Transmission and Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,12.45063737106,18.13889682696,19.60651836066,15.9309126186,10.70380931046,6.18615172644 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Wind,billion EUR2020/yr,18.09299223774,24.44806403928,19.05384620496,15.85362133866,12.53451702636,10.79479217712 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Wind Offshore,billion EUR2020/yr,8.351772177840001,12.32839900152,7.685176444680001,6.181245625380001,4.72180664718,3.981840205560001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Wind Onshore,billion EUR2020/yr,9.741220155239997,12.11966503776,11.36866985562,9.672375713280001,7.812710474519999,6.81295197156 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Energiewende,billion EUR2020/yr,51.22639708703999,71.61089137314,70.26841417218,56.48220479034,36.22539726875999,26.49182605104 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Gases|Transmission and Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,0.22228063368,0.1191740466,0.17299242786,0.1297138836,0.02996660142,0.02061269868 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat,billion EUR2020/yr,2.52011163726,5.747226292499999,7.645611965459999,5.857540583580001,2.42065085178,1.18143735822 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat|Heatpump,billion EUR2020/yr,2.03358532482,4.948903094939999,6.07539772728,4.275778287900001,1.77373405734,0.9871426374599991 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat|Renewable,billion EUR2020/yr,2.03358780366,4.94890938738,6.075404019720001,4.275784580340001,1.77374034978,0.987791140139999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat|Transmission and Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,0.48651944796,0.7983060363600001,1.57019707698,1.58174513448,0.6468996332399991,0.19198005624 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen,billion EUR2020/yr,2.50409766348,3.91180773186,6.652492749420001,8.13362720268,4.16819415306,1.662424512 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen|Biomass,billion EUR2020/yr,0.06799944354000001,0.38653372044,0.554675249099999,0.27294716988,0.1217134275,2.011674000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen|Electrolysis,billion EUR2020/yr,0.92495921994,1.92906675234,2.53484576688,2.35269965028,1.7007445182,1.32167820792 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen|Fossil,billion EUR2020/yr,0.13989266802,0.04204236582,0.00102652578,0.00219396408,0.00127889076,0.0004136802600000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen|Transmission and Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,1.37124633198,1.55416489326,3.561945302999999,5.50578641844,2.344457221259999,0.34031250708 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Liquids,billion EUR2020/yr,1.82379804474,3.1036368657,3.26919010404,2.77114538484,2.40019193652,1.55703510396 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Liquids|Biomass,billion EUR2020/yr,1.15543432662,2.95725049494,3.26916407622,2.440569951959999,1.65605837418,1.0177344786 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Liquids|Coal and Gas,billion EUR2020/yr,3.756396000000003e-05,6.473586000000006e-05,2.097480000000001e-05,2.126082000000001e-05,2.192820000000001e-05,2.316762000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Liquids|Hydrogen,billion EUR2020/yr,0.00271185096,2.183286000000001e-05,0.0,0.33054911904,0.744106485779999,0.5392723093799999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Liquids|Oil,billion EUR2020/yr,0.665614207859999,0.14629980204,5.148360000000004e-06,5.148360000000004e-06,5.148360000000004e-06,5.148360000000004e-06 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Population,million,83.526344,83.05420470000001,82.46198150000001,81.92754460000002,81.46169060000003,80.9964458 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Price|Carbon,EUR2020/t CO2,80.67952205543999,135.82696884792,377.8025713341599,619.7781738204001,861.75377630664,861.75377630664 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Price|Carbon|ETS,EUR2020/t CO2,80.67952205543999,135.82696884792,377.8025713341599,619.7781738204001,861.75377630664,861.75377630664 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Price|Primary Energy|Biomass,EUR2020/GJ,24.95270495172,8.813700484259998,10.9312606137,23.28833130876,39.876412632,46.24669469112001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Price|Primary Energy|Coal,EUR2020/GJ,2.43460185864,2.11556876286,1.9173889371,1.77459736104,1.56928724736,1.53861064896 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Price|Primary Energy|Gas,EUR2020/GJ,6.3677171271,6.671875276079999,6.557488918260001,6.234306148980001,5.917938950279999,5.61409837884 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Price|Primary Energy|Oil,EUR2020/GJ,11.31193378434,11.2766645628,11.19948282852,11.50266545862,12.13135028952,12.34004935884 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy,TWh/yr,3169.682861111111,2656.166555555556,2295.958833333334,1982.415722222222,1870.353916666667,1858.462444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass,TWh/yr,283.5873611111111,305.5575555555556,301.1208333333333,305.5575555555556,305.5575555555556,305.5575555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Electricity,TWh/yr,96.40916666666666,76.32111111111111,51.86275000000001,31.84436111111111,15.68086111111111,17.26836111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Electricity|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.1758611111111108,1.416416666666667,5.442305555555556,11.42325,15.56227777777778,17.18197222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Electricity|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,96.23330555555556,74.90472222222222,46.42041666666666,20.42111111111111,0.1185833333333333,0.08638888888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Energy Crops,TWh/yr,10.59302777777778,0.0,0.0,0.0,2.280361111111111,5.874666666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Gases,TWh/yr,2.950555555555555,7.778055555555556,28.12613888888889,50.11694444444444,52.42330555555555,44.66938888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Heat,TWh/yr,37.77319444444444,34.48263888888889,21.50641666666667,9.588249999999999,0.06155555555555555,0.04119444444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,2.777083333333333,14.24205555555556,23.18922222222222,23.09344444444445,22.77263888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Liquids,TWh/yr,24.4255,94.91922222222222,132.2200833333333,169.7019722222222,200.4488888888889,210.8108611111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,1.804166666666667,22.13838888888889,95.40513888888889,188.8643888888889,234.5614444444445,243.6673611111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,281.7831944444444,283.4191666666666,205.7156944444444,116.6931666666667,70.99613888888888,61.89019444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal,TWh/yr,524.8245277777778,93.44619444444444,0.2310277777777778,0.1814166666666664,0.1328888888888889,0.08886111111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Electricity,TWh/yr,291.2269444444444,57.71733333333333,0.13125,0.09847222222222221,0.06619444444444444,0.03744444444444445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Electricity|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.001694444444444445,0.001694444444444445,0.001694444444444445,0.001666666666666667,0.001666666666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Electricity|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,291.2269444444444,57.71566666666666,0.1295555555555555,0.09677777777777749,0.06452777777777778,0.03575 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Gases,TWh/yr,0.02097222222222223,0.01494444444444445,0.009277777777777777,0.004333333333333333,0.001305555555555556,0.001305555555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Heat,TWh/yr,42.3106666666667,22.48083333333333,0.04572222222222222,0.03805555555555556,0.02936111111111111,0.02002777777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.002694444444444445,0.003138888888888889,0.002388888888888889,0.002388888888888889,0.002388888888888889,0.002388888888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Liquids,TWh/yr,0.0,0.003722222222222222,0.004638888888888889,0.005583333333333333,0.006472222222222222,0.007305555555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Solids,TWh/yr,191.2632499999999,13.22625,0.03775,0.03261111111111111,0.02713888888888889,0.02036111111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.004805555555555555,0.004805555555555555,0.004805555555555555,0.004805555555555555,0.004777777777777777 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,524.8245277777778,93.4413888888889,0.22625,0.1766111111111108,0.1281111111111111,0.08408333333333334 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Fossil,TWh/yr,2536.096583333333,1716.435583333333,1008.592527777778,371.538,125.0674166666667,75.68922222222226 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Fossil|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,5.870166666666667,4.401138888888888,3.026305555555556,2.961722222222222,0.02813888888888889,0.02594444444444445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Fossil|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,2530.226416666666,1712.034444444444,1005.566222222222,368.57625,125.03925,75.6632777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas,TWh/yr,883.0753055555556,766.9563055555556,510.6326111111111,164.3063888888889,72.47538888888889,53.78258333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Electricity,TWh/yr,160.7186388888889,148.5661388888889,92.7023611111111,8.48188888888889,4.176916666666666,1.069222222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Electricity|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0009444444444444444,0.0009166666666666666,0.0009166666666666666,0.0009444444444444444,0.0009444444444444444,0.0009444444444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Electricity|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,160.7176944444444,148.5652222222222,92.70144444444443,8.480944444444445,4.175972222222222,1.068305555555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Gases,TWh/yr,597.8242222222221,530.0516388888889,384.69225,150.7991944444445,66.47138888888888,51.22480555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Heat,TWh/yr,109.278,74.85788888888892,28.00430555555555,0.05680555555555555,0.04244444444444444,0.03044444444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,15.25447222222222,13.48061111111111,5.233666666666667,4.968527777777778,1.784638888888889,1.458083333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Hydrogen|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,5.86925,4.395416666666667,3.020583333333333,2.956,0.02241666666666667,0.02022222222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Hydrogen|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,9.385250000000001,9.085194444444443,2.213083333333333,2.0125,1.762194444444445,1.437888888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Liquids,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,5.870166666666667,4.396333333333334,3.0215,2.956944444444444,0.02336111111111111,0.02113888888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,877.2051388888889,762.5599444444445,507.6111111111111,161.3494444444444,72.45202777777777,53.76144444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Geothermal,TWh/yr,11.294,49.50624999999999,124.7628888888889,195.5718333333333,212.9066666666666,208.9148888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Hydro,TWh/yr,22.97052777777778,24.203,24.94061111111111,25.00016666666667,24.54633333333333,23.88544444444445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Nuclear,TWh/yr,0.007,0.00575,0.004305555555555556,0.002888888888888889,0.001666666666666667,0.0008333333333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Oil,TWh/yr,1128.19675,856.0331111111111,497.7288611111111,207.0501944444444,52.45913888888889,21.81777777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Oil|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,1128.19675,856.0331111111111,497.7288611111111,207.0501944444444,52.45913888888889,21.81777777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Solar,TWh/yr,123.0061666666667,227.0181666666667,352.97925,460.4845277777778,508.9002777777778,513.7438333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Wind,TWh/yr,192.7212222222222,333.4402777777778,483.5584166666667,624.2607500000003,693.3739722222219,730.6706388888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Production|Non-Metallic Minerals|Cement,Mt/yr,31.27763,35.4432,36.14307,37.09785,38.05145999999999,38.89553000000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Production|Steel,Mt/yr,38.18185,43.05447999999999,44.03038,45.08397,47.06158,47.16435000000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Production|Steel|Primary,Mt/yr,26.91818,29.83218,29.05294,28.28043,28.45625,28.275 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Production|Steel|Secondary,Mt/yr,11.26367,13.2223,14.97744,16.80354,18.60533,18.88935 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Bus,million,0.010209597157752,0.01280288166066,0.013403778703727,0.012876417503889,0.014432795900264,0.015850300321341 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Bus|BEV,million,0.001025338978289,0.00527032375465,0.011860509625298,0.012279276245397,0.014043516391656,0.015461760334875 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Bus|FCEV,million,1.665247027568381e-05,4.829729727790154e-05,0.0001350101278145401,0.000189959552581573,0.00026238330461441,0.000323058161822685 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Bus|ICE,million,0.008624175852574,0.007038256424947001,0.00131200347137,0.0003724164630922489,0.000114595183324637,4.702713808676272e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV,million,3.547394583584755,3.444528172937563,3.429155904928201,3.628741242333467,3.774543457324147,3.586199041399754 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|BEV,million,1.510571166293659,2.534850157765923,3.351030867695528,3.590141797774494,3.733348352188592,3.546797496812866 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|FCEV,million,0.017644073367146,0.023598383661715,0.031490011467785,0.033728980119799,0.03643186025037101,0.034982887192125 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|ICE,million,1.872524395864784,0.6919584373342991,0.02856596458637,0.002845469101197,0.002769660037654,0.002553738350854 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|PHEV,million,0.146654948059166,0.194121194175624,0.018069061178516,0.002024995337976,0.001993584847529,0.001864919043909 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck,million,0.46981877204045,0.461419393350847,0.464714443206689,0.465119471769011,0.4826926993122561,0.491752481457899 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|BEV,million,0.025641559695504,0.155615544275219,0.421697292294879,0.4511908559920421,0.4719641471129321,0.480526331672785 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|FCEV,million,0.002280721123961,0.004511266780259001,0.005683467271691001,0.007195450939412,0.009058870970758,0.010514243527727 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|ICE,million,0.4396251628619071,0.299743495083699,0.03712112387525601,0.006689650355832,0.001657833080189,0.0006531408764337247 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.322871054438384,0.317184580126836,0.318869984340539,0.318806778016762,0.3303962307043981,0.33612732876906 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Truck (12t+),million,0.015756816043675,0.015754755761029,0.015341423836754,0.015471482092283,0.016143001567123,0.016492848067161 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Truck (7.5t),million,0.081933941415505,0.080213245316505,0.080919584841687,0.081101864995236,0.08420795776079101,0.08577610902954501 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy,TWh/yr,2684.821305555556,2348.927000000001,2077.458305555556,1822.858666666667,1781.270388888889,1833.725638888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Electricity|Heat,TWh/yr,2.554861111111111,14.01852777777778,36.59552777777778,57.83819444444444,63.03866666666666,61.84113888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Electricity|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,3.621944444444444,18.69666666666667,55.61661111111111,118.2520555555556,171.4964444444444,221.6619166666666 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Hydrogen|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.0,11.73338888888889,41.38847222222223,55.75511111111113,59.7175,63.54938888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Hydrogen|Gases,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0009722222222222222,0.0009722222222222222,0.0009722222222222222,0.004777777777777777,0.004694444444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Hydrogen|Liquids,TWh/yr,0.1822777777777778,0.1821111111111111,0.1806666666666667,0.1754444444444442,23.74722222222222,59.35994444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity,TWh/yr,583.9281111111111,690.3129166666666,869.4975277777778,1030.528666666667,1143.208888888889,1183.975055555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Biomass,TWh/yr,37.01847222222222,29.6445,20.47805555555556,13.13613888888889,7.115305555555556,7.838805555555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0798888888888889,0.6431111111111111,2.471805555555556,5.188833333333333,7.069111111111111,7.804916666666666 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,36.93858333333333,29.00138888888889,18.00625,7.947305555555555,0.04619444444444445,0.03391666666666666 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Coal,TWh/yr,97.27872222222219,7.448166666666667,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.01688888888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Coal|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0006111111111111111,0.0006111111111111111,0.0006111111111111111,0.0006111111111111111,0.0006111111111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Coal|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,97.27872222222219,7.447555555555555,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.01627777777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Curtailment,TWh/yr,14.64163888888889,51.02830555555555,91.23597222222222,120.01475,118.1253333333333,119.7881111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Fossil,TWh/yr,220.0689444444444,119.7464444444444,60.10208333333333,3.471361111111111,1.687444444444445,0.4429166666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Fossil|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0005,0.001111111111111111,0.001111111111111111,0.001111111111111111,0.001111111111111111,0.001111111111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Fossil|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,220.0684444444444,119.7453055555555,60.10097222222222,3.47025,1.686333333333333,0.4418055555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas,TWh/yr,103.2692222222222,94.24658333333332,60.04675,3.428972222222222,1.658138888888889,0.4255555555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas|CC,TWh/yr,49.76544444444444,52.71527777777778,41.40991666666667,0.04802777777777777,0.03697222222222222,0.02261111111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas|CC|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0005,0.0005,0.0005,0.0005,0.0005,0.0005 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas|CC|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,49.76494444444444,52.71477777777778,41.40941666666667,0.04752777777777778,0.03647222222222222,0.02211111111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0005,0.0005,0.0005,0.0005,0.0005,0.0005 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,103.2687222222222,94.24605555555556,60.04625,3.428472222222222,1.657638888888889,0.4250555555555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Geothermal,TWh/yr,2.777805555555556,2.777805555555556,2.777805555555556,2.777805555555556,2.777805555555556,2.777805555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Hydro,TWh/yr,22.97052777777778,24.203,24.94061111111111,25.00016666666667,24.54633333333333,23.88544444444445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,4.505611111111111,15.89316666666667,21.40997222222223,22.93152777777778,24.40297222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Non-Biomass Renewables,TWh/yr,326.8340555555556,536.4109166666667,773.0201111111112,992.5085,1111.473083333334,1151.289583333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Nuclear,TWh/yr,0.006666666666666666,0.005444444444444444,0.004083333333333333,0.00275,0.001583333333333333,0.0008055555555555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Oil,TWh/yr,2.382000000000001,0.9126944444444444,0.0001944444444444446,0.0003055555555555555,0.0003888888888888889,0.0004722222222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Oil|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,2.382000000000001,0.9126944444444444,0.0001944444444444446,0.0003055555555555555,0.0003888888888888889,0.0004722222222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Other,TWh/yr,17.139,17.139,0.05927777777777778,0.04508333333333333,0.03077777777777778,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Solar,TWh/yr,114.5285555555556,195.3259444444444,293.5988055555555,380.7928333333333,428.2196666666666,434.0577777777777 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Solar|CSP,TWh/yr,0.06011111111111112,0.06983333333333333,0.08716666666666667,0.1026944444444444,0.1137222222222222,0.1177222222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Solar|PV,TWh/yr,114.4684444444445,195.2561111111111,293.5116666666667,380.6901111111111,428.1059444444444,433.9400555555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Transmission Losses,TWh/yr,29.94730555555556,31.25863888888889,34.39691666666667,36.22980555555556,38.24788888888889,36.75094444444445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Wind,TWh/yr,186.5571944444444,314.1041944444444,451.7028888888889,583.9376944444443,655.9292777777774,690.568583333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Wind|Offshore,TWh/yr,39.03966666666667,92.5921388888889,143.9209166666666,191.1194722222222,219.0095833333333,232.0836388888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Wind|Onshore,TWh/yr,147.5175277777777,221.5120555555555,307.7819722222222,392.8182222222222,436.9196944444445,458.4849444444445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases,TWh/yr,600.07875,534.8342222222223,400.5210833333333,178.5085833333333,95.34072222222223,75.80538888888888 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,2.234722222222222,4.763777777777777,15.81344444444444,27.69733333333333,28.85686111111111,24.56816666666666 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases|Coal,TWh/yr,0.01258333333333334,0.008972222222222223,0.005555555555555556,0.002583333333333334,0.0007777777777777777,0.0007777777777777777 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.00788888888888889,0.01027777777777778,0.01008333333333334,0.009527777777777777,0.01169444444444445,0.01163888888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,597.8235555555556,530.0511944444444,384.6920277777778,150.7991111111111,66.47138888888888,51.22480555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat,TWh/yr,126.0005833333333,126.8005,149.9703888888889,197.4158055555555,210.2088055555556,206.1906666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Biomass,TWh/yr,17.90305555555555,16.41052777777778,10.24433333333333,4.556888888888889,0.03163888888888889,0.02008333333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Coal,TWh/yr,29.755,15.76458333333333,0.03272222222222222,0.02708333333333333,0.02080555555555556,0.01413888888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Electricity,TWh/yr,8.516194444444444,46.72844444444444,121.9850833333334,192.7940277777777,210.1288611111111,206.1371111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Electricity|Heat Pumps,TWh/yr,8.516194444444444,46.72844444444444,121.9850833333334,192.7940277777777,210.1288611111111,206.1371111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Gas,TWh/yr,69.82630555555558,47.89694444444444,17.70827777777778,0.03780555555555556,0.02747222222222222,0.01933333333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,13.24319444444444,23.39113888888889,48.82769444444444,97.88783333333333,135.7675277777778,175.4035277777777 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.0,1.527444444444444,7.833222222222222,12.75416666666667,12.70152777777778,12.52511111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Biomass|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,1.526666666666667,7.832027777777777,12.75261111111111,12.69958333333333,12.52280555555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Biomass|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0007777777777777777,0.001194444444444444,0.001583333333333333,0.001944444444444444,0.002305555555555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Coal,TWh/yr,0.001666666666666667,0.001861111111111111,0.001416666666666667,0.001388888888888889,0.001388888888888889,0.001388888888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Coal|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0006944444444444445,0.0006944444444444445,0.0006944444444444445,0.0006944444444444445,0.0006944444444444445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Coal|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,0.001666666666666667,0.001166666666666667,0.0006944444444444445,0.0006944444444444445,0.0006944444444444445,0.0006944444444444445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Electricity,TWh/yr,2.281805555555556,12.15283333333333,37.26311111111111,81.59391666666666,121.7624722222222,161.8131944444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Fossil,TWh/yr,10.96136111111111,9.710833333333333,3.731361111111111,3.53975,1.3035,1.065194444444445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Fossil|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,4.108472222222222,3.0775,2.115111111111111,2.069916666666667,0.01638888888888889,0.01486111111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Fossil|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,6.852888888888889,6.63336111111111,1.61625,1.469833333333333,1.287111111111111,1.050361111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Gas,TWh/yr,10.95969444444444,9.709,3.729944444444444,3.538333333333333,1.302111111111111,1.063805555555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Gas|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,4.108472222222222,3.076777777777778,2.114416666666666,2.069194444444445,0.01569444444444444,0.01413888888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Gas|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,6.851222222222222,6.632194444444445,1.615555555555555,1.469138888888889,1.286416666666667,1.049666666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids,TWh/yr,1059.178611111111,866.7030833333336,552.7588888888889,296.5753611111111,182.461,181.7976666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,22.33991666666667,80.35877777777777,95.54272222222222,106.8666388888889,117.9388333333333,120.3795277777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Biomass|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.7396944444444444,5.9495,22.87830555555556,48.03594444444444,65.44597222222222,72.2591111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Biomass|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,21.60022222222223,74.4092777777778,72.66438888888888,58.83069444444445,52.49283333333333,48.12041666666666 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Coal,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0015,0.001861111111111111,0.002222222222222222,0.002583333333333334,0.002916666666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Coal|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.00075,0.00075,0.00075,0.00075,0.00075 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Coal|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.00075,0.001111111111111111,0.001472222222222222,0.001833333333333334,0.002194444444444445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Fossil,TWh/yr,1036.703222222222,786.2050555555555,457.0781111111111,189.5748055555555,47.88916666666667,19.85827777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Fossil|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.00075,0.00075,0.00075,0.00075,0.00075 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Fossil|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,1036.703222222222,786.2043055555556,457.0773611111111,189.5740555555555,47.88841666666666,19.85752777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Gas,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Gas|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Gas|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.1354722222222222,0.13925,0.1380555555555553,0.1339166666666667,16.63302777777778,41.55983333333337 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Oil,TWh/yr,1036.703222222222,786.2035555555556,457.07625,189.5725833333333,47.88658333333333,19.85536111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Solids,TWh/yr,285.0945,98.34783333333334,51.35813888888889,20.30541666666667,13.25272222222222,9.514694444444443 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,117.7722777777778,85.9431388888889,51.06372222222222,20.2755,13.22738888888889,9.495333333333335 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,166.0388055555555,11.69852777777778,0.034,0.02991666666666667,0.02533333333333333,0.01936111111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Bus,million,0.063244873976129,0.074891900718277,0.081920012503346,0.085287215525118,0.09288006487672301,0.09935592635437601 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Bus|BEV,million,0.00263633301722,0.015757433582468,0.04333130650704,0.067449516380625,0.08188155280479001,0.09562014150643301 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Bus|FCEV,million,4.291879891713374e-05,0.000177418307523796,0.000475383013819917,0.0009019385523652449,0.001384816667928,0.00187843959309 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Bus|ICE,million,0.054983155594312,0.053229022464292,0.033698743559849,0.014175887041846,0.007481255869109001,0.001400749213677 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV,million,47.15113415943473,45.53709842300746,45.30566512965094,45.54151822845371,47.03665389635596,47.7577664164892 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|BEV,million,3.914371947105173,15.34357907859647,28.88794491593008,39.25870597344729,45.44057875559411,47.23400854994082 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|FCEV,million,0.184048726612729,0.237930050455786,0.31396104657508,0.3745712378433571,0.433901475370462,0.456047826013472 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|ICE,million,41.58610877058246,27.93550824966335,14.08213059980579,4.721924595583505,0.8019016498822761,0.039580012743642 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|PHEV,million,1.466604715134363,2.02008104429185,2.021628567339995,1.186316421579558,0.360272015509119,0.02813002779127 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck,million,3.16016251361351,3.09786204818305,3.09458417416123,3.07699959732974,3.16735539952199,3.21938541606848 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|BEV,million,0.06398566900251501,0.435834010650169,1.57801737698244,2.62211243518896,2.97794364905223,3.133313051236071 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|FCEV,million,0.006674390046386001,0.019845033111586,0.031022086560865,0.03887111148827201,0.05167558545627701,0.06366435984552 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|ICE,million,3.05504307427652,2.60402018296317,1.45416224471637,0.401477312747811,0.130243569927593,0.020967534241975 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Truck (0-3.5t),million,2.17915018311232,2.12925472191805,2.125494276232611,2.110442488994839,2.1697231233775,2.202334007834481 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Truck (12t+),million,0.104769450998069,0.104687603051975,0.104023297904863,0.102047206996716,0.105589154886152,0.107787014343186 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Truck (7.5t),million,0.54577459388951,0.5395538586180141,0.538421238842357,0.536092128112105,0.552383945866883,0.561590442893396 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Trade|Primary Energy|Biomass|Volume,TWh/yr,21.97019444444445,0.0,4.436722222222222,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Trade|Primary Energy|Coal|Volume,TWh/yr,-126.8442222222222,0.0,0.0,-0.1726388888888886,-0.1241388888888889,-0.03916666666666666 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Trade|Primary Energy|Gas|Volume,TWh/yr,-782.317722222222,-683.5185,-472.0069722222223,-153.8551944444445,-60.16158333333333,-36.04891666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Trade|Primary Energy|Oil|Volume,TWh/yr,-1116.837638888888,-849.8925277777778,-494.2812499999999,-203.5419166666667,-45.40763888888889,-9.17361111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Electricity|Volume,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,-16.94455555555556,-33.88911111111111,-50.83366666666667,-50.83366666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Gases|Hydrogen|Volume,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Volume,TWh/yr,0.0,-12.70841666666667,-25.41683333333333,-38.12525,-50.83366666666667,-50.83366666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Liquids|Hydrogen|Volume,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,-33.88911111111111,-67.77822222222223,-101.6673333333333,-101.6673333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Useful Energy|Residential and Commercial,TWh/yr,752.40625,729.1159722222222,718.0728611111111,782.0159999999997,853.7585833333334,887.8849444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Useful Energy|Residential and Commercial|Electricity|Heat Pumps,TWh/yr,61.46538888888888,92.9338333333333,178.5320277777778,368.9396944444445,456.0391388888889,499.1105 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Useful Energy|Residential and Commercial|Heat,TWh/yr,68.62972222222223,73.1485,69.82155555555555,63.74097222222222,71.26844444444444,73.16519444444448 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Useful Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space and Water Heating,TWh/yr,588.0544722222222,551.0495,516.0449444444445,578.4528611111111,632.8353055555556,658.1821944444441 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Useful Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space and Water Heating|Electricity|Heat Pumps,TWh/yr,61.46538888888888,92.9338333333333,178.5320277777778,368.9396944444445,456.0391388888889,499.1105 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Useful Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space and Water Heating|Heat,TWh/yr,68.62972222222223,73.1485,69.82155555555555,63.74097222222222,71.26844444444444,73.16519444444448 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity,GW/yr,22.9999532,29.3033821,27.63787430000001,21.2239689,17.1632012,17.787724 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Biomass,GW/yr,1.600000000000001e-05,3.340000000000003e-05,2.210000000000001e-05,2.000000000000001e-05,2.000000000000001e-05,2.000000000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS,GW/yr,8.000000000000005e-06,1.340000000000001e-05,2.100000000000001e-06,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS,GW/yr,8.000000000000005e-06,2.000000000000001e-05,2.000000000000001e-05,2.000000000000001e-05,2.000000000000001e-05,2.000000000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Coal,GW/yr,2.000000000000001e-05,4.200000000000002e-05,3.000000000000002e-05,3.010000000000002e-05,3.030000000000001e-05,3.060000000000002e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Coal|w/ CCS,GW/yr,8.000000000000005e-06,1.200000000000001e-05,0.0,1.000000000000001e-07,3.000000000000002e-07,6.000000000000004e-07 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Coal|w/o CCS,GW/yr,1.200000000000001e-05,3.000000000000002e-05,3.000000000000002e-05,3.000000000000002e-05,3.000000000000002e-05,3.000000000000002e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas,GW/yr,0.2835527,4.200000000000002e-05,3.000000000000002e-05,3.020000000000002e-05,3.050000000000002e-05,3.110000000000002e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas|CC|w/ CCS,GW/yr,8.000000000000005e-06,1.200000000000001e-05,0.0,2.000000000000001e-07,5.000000000000004e-07,1.100000000000001e-06 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas|CC|w/o CCS,GW/yr,0.035395399999999,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas|OC,GW/yr,0.0007899000000000001,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas|w/ CCS,GW/yr,8.000000000000005e-06,1.200000000000001e-05,0.0,2.000000000000001e-07,5.000000000000004e-07,1.100000000000001e-06 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas|w/o CCS,GW/yr,0.2835447,3.000000000000002e-05,3.000000000000002e-05,3.000000000000002e-05,3.000000000000002e-05,3.000000000000002e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Geothermal,GW/yr,0.0201597,0.0009478,0.0027014,0.0060659,0.0116359,0.0190053 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Hydro,GW/yr,0.1676988,0.1542147,0.1055142,0.04701,0.0100212,1.000000000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Hydrogen,GW/yr,1.2486273,3.2074411,2.8472179,1.3871948,0.4369446,0.744596899999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Nuclear,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Oil,GW/yr,4.000000000000002e-06,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Oil|w/o CCS,GW/yr,4.000000000000002e-06,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Solar,GW/yr,15.0963043,18.7463026,17.8323364,12.7997624,9.548983699999997,9.9267356 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Solar|CSP,GW/yr,0.005875,0.0018532,0.0020063,0.0016688,0.0017547,0.0023774 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Solar|PV,GW/yr,15.0904293,18.7444494,17.8303301,12.7980937,9.547228999999998,9.924358199999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Solar|PV|Open Field,GW/yr,15.0904293,18.7444494,17.8303301,12.7980937,9.547228999999998,9.924358199999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Wind,GW/yr,7.432197700000001,10.4017896,9.6972302,8.3710403,7.5924696,7.8418814 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Wind|Offshore,GW/yr,1.7680313,2.9357897,2.6244556,2.1729918,1.9684181,2.0330804 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Wind|Onshore,GW/yr,5.664166399999999,7.4659999,7.0727746,6.1980485,5.624051599999999,5.808801 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Gases|Biomass,GW/yr,0.001101,0.0016555,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Gases|Hydrogen,GW/yr,8.000000000000005e-06,1.200000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-07,0.0003738,0.0237518,0.1470672 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Solar thermal,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Biomass,GW/yr,0.0036188,0.0501983,0.08847619999999999,0.031965199999999,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Biomass|w/ CCS,GW/yr,0.0036088,0.05018830000000001,0.08846620000000001,0.0319552,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Biomass|w/o CCS,GW/yr,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Coal|w/ CCS,GW/yr,8.000000000000005e-06,1.200000000000001e-05,0.0,2.000000000000001e-07,5.000000000000004e-07,1.100000000000001e-06 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Coal|w/o CCS,GW/yr,4.000000000000002e-06,1.000000000000001e-05,0.0005607,0.0012054,0.0007006,0.0002215 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Electricity,GW/yr,0.3409159,1.0785039,2.1891467,2.851840599999999,2.8588705,2.4195826 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Gas,GW/yr,0.045245199999999,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Gas|w/ CCS,GW/yr,0.045205199999999,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Gas|w/o CCS,GW/yr,4.000000000000002e-05,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Liquids|Biomass,GW/yr,1.5266485,2.1649427,0.6192904,0.629413799999999,0.3338302,0.1544724 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Liquids|Hydrogen,GW/yr,0.0019421,0.0,0.0171301,0.2250193,0.5781958,0.598866599999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Liquids|Oil,GW/yr,1.0947832,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity,GW,286.7594094,402.3315741,534.5037544,618.4873099,659.6757313000002,678.7414965 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Biomass,GW,7.1706919,5.6531407,3.5104929,1.5493372,0.006807000000000001,0.0050073 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS,GW,0.0,0.0001,0.0001171,0.0001168,0.0001159,0.0001135 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS,GW,7.1706919,5.6530407,3.5103758,1.5492204,0.006691099999999999,0.004893799999999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Coal,GW,28.4632845,3.1719066,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0034639 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Coal|w/ CCS,GW,0.0,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Coal|w/o CCS,GW,28.4632845,3.1718066,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0033639 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas,GW,32.4813561,26.1225786,16.4802197,2.9514319,0.9007737,0.0896385 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas|CC|w/ CCS,GW,0.0,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas|CC|w/o CCS,GW,13.1243469,12.5108632,8.495095599999999,0.009621199999999,0.00738,0.004463300000000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas|OC,GW,7.014546899999999,6.332190799999999,5.287249400000001,2.9379243,0.8900688,0.08257640000000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas|w/ CCS,GW,0.0,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas|w/o CCS,GW,32.4813561,26.1224786,16.4801197,2.9513319,0.9006736999999999,0.0895385 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Geothermal,GW,0.3730588,0.3730588,0.3730588,0.3730588,0.3730588,0.3730588 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Hydro,GW,7.5402819,8.0890059,8.444362599999998,8.48017,8.26272,7.9609447 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Hydrogen,GW,0.0,15.6078016,32.2749619,42.70431370000001,43.60277990000001,45.16904580000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Nuclear,GW,0.001,0.0008196000000000002,0.0006148999999999999,0.0004117000000000001,0.0002367,0.0001197 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Oil,GW,1.5901538,0.5262104,0.0001,0.0001491,0.0001952,0.0002339 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Oil|w/o CCS,GW,1.5901538,0.5262104,0.0001,0.0001491,0.0001952,0.0002339 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Other,GW,4.4121516,4.476232700000002,0.0117382,0.008862499999999999,0.0059783,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar,GW,121.7274308,209.5545597,304.5157838,367.2677857,395.9064049999999,404.8691996 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar|CSP,GW,0.0453894,0.0534768,0.063883299999999,0.07103229999999999,0.07491350000000001,0.07734500000000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar|PV,GW,121.6820414,209.5010829,304.4519003999999,367.1967533999999,395.8314915,404.7918544999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar|PV|Rooftop,GW,121.6820414,209.5010829,304.4519003999999,367.1967533999999,395.8314915,404.7918544999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Wind,GW,83.0,128.7562596,168.8923217,195.1516893,210.6166768,220.2707842 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Wind|Offshore,GW,12.0,26.6102172,39.7745371,48.89683,54.74397380000001,57.9551607 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Wind|Onshore,GW,71.0,102.1460424,129.1177846,146.2548593,155.8727029,162.3156236 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Gases,GW,77.1147838,68.6037107,46.9099206,17.5960495,5.9873382,4.640454799999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Gases|Biomass,GW,0.2766726,0.2699471,0.1616664,0.06689060000000001,0.0013475,0.0005732000000000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Gases|Hydrogen,GW,0.0,0.0001001,0.0001,0.0001,0.004767899999999999,0.2946476 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat,GW,29.7706727,31.5310963,44.7842421,64.824473,75.30434109999999,79.183883 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Solar thermal,GW,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen,GW,4.709395400000001,12.5234036,33.87085339999999,67.95026760000002,100.4482967,131.3162967 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Biomass,GW,5.000000000000003e-05,0.0452098,0.6049262,0.8708028999999999,0.8676233000000001,0.8561554000000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Biomass|w/ CCS,GW,0.0,0.04510980000000001,0.6047764,0.8706042,0.8673774000000001,0.8558663 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Biomass|w/o CCS,GW,5.000000000000003e-05,0.0001,0.0001498,0.0001987,0.0002458,0.0002891 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Coal,GW,0.0002381,0.0002651,0.0002002,0.0002000000000000001,0.0002000000000000001,0.0002000000000000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Coal|w/ CCS,GW,0.0,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Coal|w/o CCS,GW,0.0002381,0.0001651,0.0001002,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Electricity,GW,1.198445,6.0534225,18.858918,38.9537437,57.5337737,74.7595962 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Gas,GW,1.377677,1.2221533,0.5831038,0.1882174,0.1649486,0.1347423 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Gas|w/ CCS,GW,0.5086736000000001,0.3809306,0.3781887,0.001874,0.0017812,0.0016048 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Gas|w/o CCS,GW,0.8690034000000001,0.8412227,0.2049151,0.1863435,0.1631673,0.1331375 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Liquids|Biomass,GW,2.8284803,10.3328401,12.7523195,14.2978091,16.0418109,16.3322167 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Liquids|Hydrogen,GW,0.0161838,0.0161693,0.0160407,0.2297034,2.7199134,6.2037949 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Liquids|Oil,GW,108.4541834,81.90702140000002,45.23279060000001,18.8065349,5.918007,1.4751556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS,EUR2020/kW,5185.7138759265,4148.571100741199,3457.142583951,3457.142583951,3457.142583951,3457.142583951 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS,EUR2020/kW,2579.9108116047,2594.538294854101,2609.165778103501,2623.7932613529,2638.4207446023,2653.0482278517 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Coal|w/ CCS,EUR2020/kW,5808.591547331161,5531.106009254279,5253.620471082059,4976.134933005181,4698.649394928301,4421.16385685142 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Coal|w/o CCS,EUR2020/kW,2382.73931998998,2363.93682511014,2345.1343302303,2326.331835350461,2307.52934047062,2288.72684549544 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Gas|w/ CCS,EUR2020/kW,2882.37052510596,2723.09368657368,2563.81684794606,2404.54000931844,2245.26317078616,2085.98633215854 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Gas|w/o CCS,EUR2020/kW,1062.47837844792,1057.71205898484,1052.94573942642,1048.17941996334,1043.41310040492,1038.64678094184 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Geothermal,EUR2020/kW,3149.2900237953,3242.072283271501,3334.8545427477,3427.63680212856,3520.41906160476,3613.20132098562 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Hydro,EUR2020/kW,2593.74772527738,2648.09370989814,2702.439694518901,2756.78567913966,2811.131663760421,2865.47764838118 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Nuclear,EUR2020/kW,7652.8840821174,7508.84754880554,7364.811015493679,7220.774482181819,7076.737948869962,6932.701415558101 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Solar|CSP,EUR2020/kW,4954.557992641739,4172.7309231678,3858.807870909181,3552.25140809532,3213.47251489488,2863.51315595436 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Solar|PV,EUR2020/kW,428.6492240528401,273.01460033442,218.74424311992,193.61334408528,176.40860507214,164.32127888568 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Wind|Offshore,EUR2020/kW,3636.17025204426,2902.05590757054,2414.80659291648,2074.1522264379,1817.28150683058,1609.93888783728 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Wind|Onshore,EUR2020/kW,1528.70104015482,1350.09203145306,1216.60705175982,1115.57925937458,1034.98973713506,970.15301122866 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Gases|Biomass|w/o CCS,EUR2020/kW,1287.40297242732,1287.40297242732,1287.40297242732,1287.40297242732,1287.40297242732,1287.40297242732 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Gases|Coal|w/o CCS,EUR2020/kW,1544.88356695092,1544.88356695092,1544.88356695092,1544.88356695092,1544.88356695092,1544.88356695092 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Hydrogen|Biomass|w/ CCS,EUR2020/kW,3282.8775796992,2626.302063759359,2188.58505316458,2188.58505316458,2188.58505316458,2188.58505316458 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Hydrogen|Biomass|w/o CCS,EUR2020/kW,2343.07340987874,1982.6005775457,1802.36416137918,1802.36416137918,1802.36416137918,1802.36416137918 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Hydrogen|Coal|w/ CCS,EUR2020/kW,2398.86087199374,2029.80535324014,1845.27759386334,1845.27759386334,1845.27759386334,1845.27759386334 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Hydrogen|Coal|w/o CCS,EUR2020/kW,1619.98207370286,1619.98207370286,1619.98207370286,1619.98207370286,1619.98207370286,1619.98207370286 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Hydrogen|Electricity,EUR2020/kW,2014.15374458592,1166.667399828,829.59765317394,655.2531176289002,557.1667258449601,498.01655728944 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Hydrogen|Gas|w/ CCS,EUR2020/kW,1435.90075121724,1435.90075121724,1435.90075121724,1435.90075121724,1435.90075121724,1435.90075121724 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Hydrogen|Gas|w/o CCS,EUR2020/kW,923.0790543130801,923.0790543130801,923.0790543130801,923.0790543130801,923.0790543130801,923.0790543130801 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Liquids|Biomass|w/ CCS,EUR2020/kW,5103.40095724284,4082.720765813339,3402.26730482856,3402.26730482856,3402.26730482856,3402.26730482856 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Liquids|Biomass|w/o CCS,EUR2020/kW,4505.910403590961,3604.728322853701,3003.94026902886,3003.94026902886,3003.94026902886,3003.94026902886 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Liquids|Coal|w/ CCS,EUR2020/kW,2928.84176227692,2343.07340987874,1952.56117488306,1952.56117488306,1952.56117488306,1952.56117488306 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Liquids|Coal|w/o CCS,EUR2020/kW,1866.73431001008,1866.73431001008,1866.73431001008,1866.73431001008,1866.73431001008,1866.73431001008 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Liquids|Oil,EUR2020/kW,461.5395271565399,461.5395271565399,461.5395271565399,461.5395271565399,461.5395271565399,461.5395271565399 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Carbon Intensity|Electricity,g CO2/kWh,250.5826105638126,83.23093346865122,21.65682513005022,-0.02168376043709093,-1.816817183198955,-2.156660862348878 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Carbon Intensity|EndUse,g CO2/kWh,230.2566081786079,196.9599960028991,150.600948879987,57.58099236547389,-9.66002778292465,-21.56319026367236 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture,Mt CO2/yr,1.5110803,5.477115599999999,24.6215916,47.604431,61.0210872,69.19966470000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Storage,Mt CO2/yr,0.4754007,4.441303700000002,24.585964,47.09643270000001,55.0,55.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Storage|Biomass,Mt CO2/yr,0.1216648,3.7338384,21.68483699999999,41.6058791,46.0028725,42.1400885 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Storage|Biomass|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2/yr,0.1216648,3.7338384,21.269727,40.6564689,44.3407121,40.2274415 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Storage|DACCS,Mt CO2/yr,0.0351559,0.091388099999999,0.2861054,1.1557583,2.8385808,4.985119 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Storage|Fossil,Mt CO2/yr,0.31858,0.6160772,2.579219699999999,4.0668884,5.283418100000002,6.526352200000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Storage|Fossil|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2/yr,0.31858,0.6160772,0.7532102999999991,0.0051147,0.0044928,0.0036814 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Storage|Industrial Processes,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,0.8102395,2.4316182,4.471793400000002,5.969198100000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Storage|Industry,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,2.2769214,5.2790909,7.816214300000002,9.7837581 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Storage|Industry|Biomass,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,0.41511,0.9494102,1.6621604,1.912647 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Storage|Industry|Fossil,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,1.8260094,4.0617737,5.278925300000002,6.5226708 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Usage,Mt CO2/yr,0.0357796,0.0359119,0.0356276,0.5079983,6.021087199999999,14.1996647 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Usage|Synthetic Gases,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0001645,0.0001643,0.0001643,0.007834500000000001,0.4841593 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Usage|Synthetic Liquids,Mt CO2/yr,0.0357796,0.035747399999999,0.0354633,0.507834,6.013252700000001,13.7155054 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Biomass,Mt CO2/yr,0.3867164,4.6046534,21.7162606,42.0546544,51.0390053,53.01963630000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Biomass|Energy|Demand|Industry,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,0.4157116,0.9596509000000001,1.8441242,2.406445999999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Biomass|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2/yr,0.3867164,4.6046534,21.300549,41.0950035,49.1948811,50.61319030000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Biomass|Energy|Supply|Electricity,Mt CO2/yr,0.0376944,0.3405721,1.3459518,2.7769635,3.605648399999999,3.89517 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Biomass|Energy|Supply|Gases,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.9289833999999999,4.999270300000001,9.0144819,8.625951899999999,7.1214229 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Biomass|Energy|Supply|Hydrogen,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.1863446,2.4982777,3.5963886,3.5830591,3.5355076 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Biomass|Energy|Supply|Liquids,Mt CO2/yr,0.349022,3.1487533,12.4570492,25.7071696,33.38022179999999,36.0610898 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Biomass|Energy|Supply|Other,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Direct Air Capture,Mt CO2/yr,0.1117445,0.1127019,0.28652,1.1682247,3.1493325,6.2721557 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Fossil,Mt CO2/yr,1.0126194,0.7597602999999991,2.5829573,4.110755299999999,5.8618167,8.2112979 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Fossil|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2/yr,1.0126194,0.7597602999999991,0.7543017999999999,0.005169900000000001,0.0049847,0.0046319 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Fossil|Energy|Supply|Electricity,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0006814000000000001,0.0006814000000000001,0.0006812000000000001,0.0006806999999999999,0.0006790999999999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Fossil|Energy|Supply|Gases,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Fossil|Energy|Supply|Hydrogen,Mt CO2/yr,1.0126194,0.7586984000000001,0.75324,0.0041081,0.0039235,0.0035723 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Fossil|Energy|Supply|Liquids,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0003805,0.0003805,0.0003805,0.0003805,0.0003805 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Fossil|Energy|Supply|Other,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Industrial Processes,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,0.8114136,2.457846399999999,4.9613399,7.5103001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Industry,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,2.2802208,5.336032899999999,8.6718889,12.3096868 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Industry|Biomass,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,0.4157116,0.9596509000000001,1.8441242,2.406445999999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Industry|Fossil,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,1.8286555,4.105585399999999,5.856832000000001,8.206666 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Carbon Sequestration,Mt CO2/yr,29.932991,34.0071074,54.87166499999999,79.045546,87.7531621,84.6107454 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Carbon Sequestration|BECCS,Mt CO2/yr,0.1216648,3.7338384,21.684837,41.6058791,46.0028725,42.1400885 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Carbon Sequestration|DACCS,Mt CO2/yr,0.0351559,0.091388099999999,0.2861054,1.1557583,2.8385808,4.985119 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Carbon Sequestration|Enhanced Weathering,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Carbon Sequestration|Land Use,Mt CO2/yr,28.2861573,28.2861573,28.2861573,28.2861573,28.2861573,28.2861573 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Carbon Sequestration|Other,Mt CO2/yr,1.490013,1.8957235,4.614565199999999,7.9977513,10.6255514,9.199380599999998 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Consumption,billion EUR2020/yr,2403.91687613574,2641.65990327372,2898.48983909856,3225.48773782284,3574.40161643796,3933.23934841698 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Cost|Total Energy System Cost,billion EUR2020/yr,161.35717373076,190.70093780808,173.80200737466,,117.45058599204,106.11139059276 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Cumulative Capacity|Electricity|Biomass,GW,4.9111503,4.911273700000002,4.9114122,4.9115174,4.911617400000001,4.911717400000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Cumulative Capacity|Electricity|Coal,GW,8.2930792,8.2932342,8.2934143,8.2935646,8.293715599999999,8.293867899999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Cumulative Capacity|Electricity|Gas,GW,32.70559410000001,33.4145809,33.41476099999999,33.4149115,33.4150632,33.4152171 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Cumulative Capacity|Electricity|Hydro,GW,2.316590399999999,3.1213741,3.7706964,4.152006899999999,4.294584899999998,4.319662900000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Cumulative Capacity|Electricity|Solar|CSP,GW,0.0334932,0.0528138,0.0624625,0.07165010000000001,0.0802089,0.090539299999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Cumulative Capacity|Electricity|Solar|PV,GW,113.016328,197.6035247,289.0404734,365.6115326999999,421.4748393,470.1538073 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Cumulative Capacity|Electricity|Wind,GW,77.2159789,121.8009471,172.0484966,217.2191728,257.1279477,295.7138253 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Cumulative Capacity|Gases|Biomass,GW,0.07489520000000001,0.08178640000000001,0.0859501,0.08600010000000001,0.08605009999999999,0.08610010000000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Cumulative Capacity|Hydrogen|Biomass,GW,0.009047,0.1435898,0.4902761,0.7913796,0.8713175999999999,0.8713675999999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Cumulative Capacity|Hydrogen|Electricity,GW,1.0659304,4.614479799999999,12.7836063,25.3860744,39.66285200000001,52.85898459999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Cumulative Capacity|Liquids|Biomass,GW,6.8798095,16.1087877,23.0693704,26.1911308,28.5992406,29.819997 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Efficiency|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS,%,30.0,31.0,32.0,33.0,34.0,35.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Efficiency|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS,%,41.46277660000001,42.0,43.0,44.0,45.0,46.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Efficiency|Electricity|Coal|w/o CCS,%,44.2638577,44.0,45.0,45.0,46.0,46.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Efficiency|Electricity|Gas|w/ CCS,%,56.5044802,53.0,54.0,55.0,55.0,56.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Efficiency|Electricity|Gas|w/o CCS,%,65.19747709999999,61.0,61.0,62.0,62.0,63.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Efficiency|Gases|Biomass|w/o CCS,%,75.7388462,71.5910769,67.4433077,63.29553850000001,59.1477692,55.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Efficiency|Gases|Coal|w/o CCS,%,59.99333590000001,59.9946687,59.9960015,59.9973344,59.9986672,60.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Efficiency|Hydrogen|Biomass|w/ CCS,%,55.0,55.0,55.0,55.0,55.0,55.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Efficiency|Hydrogen|Biomass|w/o CCS,%,59.0,59.0,59.0,59.0,59.0,59.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Efficiency|Hydrogen|Coal|w/ CCS,%,53.0,53.0,53.0,53.0,53.0,53.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Efficiency|Hydrogen|Coal|w/o CCS,%,57.0,57.0,57.0,57.0,57.0,57.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Efficiency|Hydrogen|Electricity,%,63.0,65.0,67.0,69.0,71.0,73.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Efficiency|Hydrogen|Gas|w/ CCS,%,70.0,70.0,70.0,70.0,70.0,70.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Efficiency|Hydrogen|Gas|w/o CCS,%,73.0,73.0,73.0,73.0,73.0,73.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Efficiency|Liquids|Biomass|w/ CCS,%,41.0,41.0,41.0,41.0,41.0,41.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Efficiency|Liquids|Biomass|w/o CCS,%,41.0,41.0,41.0,41.0,41.0,41.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Efficiency|Liquids|Coal|w/ CCS,%,40.0,40.0,40.0,40.0,40.0,40.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Efficiency|Liquids|Coal|w/o CCS,%,40.0,40.0,40.0,40.0,40.0,40.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Efficiency|Liquids|Oil,%,92.379134,92.10580719999999,91.8324804,91.55915360000002,91.2858268,91.0125 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CH4,Mt CH4/yr,1.7592573,1.4231606,1.2848846,1.2302511,1.2299986,1.2433941 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CH4|AFOLU,Mt CH4/yr,1.1332705,1.1153717,0.9950237,0.9436137,0.9340350000000001,0.9396342000000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CH4|Energy,Mt CH4/yr,0.0147169,0.001265,0.0001949,1.900000000000001e-06,1.600000000000001e-06,1.200000000000001e-06 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CH4|Energy|Supply,Mt CH4/yr,0.0147169,0.001265,0.0001949,1.900000000000001e-06,1.600000000000001e-06,1.200000000000001e-06 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2,Mt CO2/yr,591.6289106,346.4786511,138.1180029,-9.108341699999997,-56.4636037,-62.8133354 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|AFOLU,Mt CO2/yr,-15.7094907,-16.0394907,-19.7794907,-20.3294907,-20.8061573,-20.622824 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|ESR,Mt CO2/yr,277.4437023999999,197.8406623,100.7394847,27.9420757,6.5188595,2.354691 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|ETS,Mt CO2/yr,329.8946989,164.6774795,57.15800890000001,-16.7209267,-42.17630590000001,-44.54520230000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy,Mt CO2/yr,588.4743725000002,344.3747319,141.3955126,-1.2768439,-42.9583196,-45.3642443 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy incl Bunkers,Mt CO2/yr,618.0754912000001,369.6081822,159.1514783,8.489233500000001,-39.77387330000001,-44.77810720000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy incl Bunkers|Demand,Mt CO2/yr,381.2265482999999,263.5514717,136.956089,37.0219652,-0.7513638999999991,-7.612508999999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand,Mt CO2/yr,358.1301465,241.1224813,120.0754041,27.3257477,-3.9608436,-8.251831 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers,Mt CO2/yr,29.6011187,25.2334503,17.7559657,9.766077399999999,3.1844463,0.5861370999999991 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers|Aviation,Mt CO2/yr,21.1183191994257,17.8771467747378,12.4645058899724,6.840992412814071,2.221718817627451,0.405212327816017 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers|Navigation,Mt CO2/yr,8.501481183174798,7.372228752503471,5.302665889442021,2.931248498577219,0.964737189578564,0.181294737302382 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Residential and Commercial,Mt CO2/yr,105.525491,82.601809,45.886415,12.9415377,2.576443799999999,1.3236202 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation,Mt CO2/yr,132.803763,86.2938455,40.3619507,13.0852653,3.552146899999999,0.8130793000000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2/yr,230.344226,103.2522506,21.3201085,-28.6025916,-38.99747600000001,-37.11241330000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Electricity,Mt CO2/yr,146.1535118,56.6599874,17.623375,-0.019931299999999,-1.7912583,-2.1968228 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Electricity and Heat,Mt CO2/yr,179.3946958,77.3446783,24.1395186,1.9266795,-0.6903996999999991,-1.4667965 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Heat,Mt CO2/yr,33.241184,20.684691,6.516143599999999,1.9466108,1.1008586,0.730026299999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Hydrogen,Mt CO2/yr,2.734847,1.9360891,-1.9387884,-3.1505419,-2.872275999999999,-2.5179967 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Industry + Processes,Mt CO2/yr,138.7000772,90.46162469999999,50.61512479999999,14.9526958,0.05001990000000056,-2.2296785 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Land-Use Change,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,-15.7094907,-16.0394907,-19.7794907,-20.3294907,-20.8061573,-20.622824 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|F-Gases,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,14.907223,12.349007,9.790792,7.232576,4.67436,2.116144 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy,Mt CO2/yr,590.0885010000001,350.004296,167.7992428,48.5784967,14.2399133,6.745289100000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry,Mt CO2/yr,121.2933562,74.1225525,38.9610416,10.4978163,2.7680865,1.4935614 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2/yr,230.4658907,106.986089,42.58983550000001,12.0538773,5.3432361,3.1150282 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Electricity,Mt CO2/yr,146.1653708,56.9361517,18.9673792,2.7273985,1.4586127,0.8990643 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Gases,Mt CO2/yr,8.276753399999999,8.1820982,6.1598063,2.520842899999999,0.9320906999999999,0.729510099999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Heat,Mt CO2/yr,33.241184,20.684691,6.516143599999999,1.9466108,1.1008586,0.730026299999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Hydrogen,Mt CO2/yr,2.734847,2.0871929,0.5558742999999999,0.4074687,0.3572347,0.2920302 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Liquids,Mt CO2/yr,23.3320298,18.2537519,10.3882808,4.449670500000001,1.4929825,0.4633915 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Solids,Mt CO2/yr,16.7157057,0.8422031999999999,0.0023513,0.0018858,0.001457,0.0010057 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross|Kyoto Gases|Energy|Demand,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,356.108672,242.9031248,126.1105001,37.31662169999999,9.5128578,4.0613547 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross|Kyoto Gases|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,243.0390066,111.5933002,43.88086649999999,12.2307829,5.419065600000001,3.1850326 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|HFC,kt HFC134a-equiv/yr,4.945431,4.0854,3.225369,2.365338,1.505308,0.645277 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,690.0641167999999,426.3647047,204.0214048,51.1078394,0.7598537999999999,-7.525564999999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|AFOLU,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,40.024339,37.9013336,26.8574869,24.379568,23.584093,24.4345926 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Agriculture|ESR,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,51.0448225,49.3104659,42.14817010000001,40.2194579,39.8946401,40.5552732 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Demand|Transport|ESR,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,135.7945416,88.98322330000002,42.13832420000001,13.9471276,4.1432941,1.1909882 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|ESR,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,343.5033216,256.3545694,151.3005193,75.81523920000001,53.96093880000001,50.3951841 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|ETS,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,342.6740557,169.0702606,58.22077660000001,-16.1000859,-41.5648978,-43.9162126 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Energy,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,597.53355,348.8668609,143.5876364,-0.3079359,-42.26630950000001,-44.8631461 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,236.4126249,105.0550019,21.7358587,-28.4955459,-38.8966131,-36.98922400000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Fugitive Emissions,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,4.513888799999999,1.4770627,0.3450048,0.08727230000000001,0.0938334,0.1181534 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Fugitive Emissions|ETS,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,4.513888799999999,1.4770627,0.3450048,0.08727230000000001,0.0938334,0.1181534 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Industrial Processes,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,40.5173656,33.1738349,27.2258958,21.40012219999999,15.3243593,10.7807964 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Industry,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,153.8135411,102.5962017,60.1776534,22.629207,5.2599585,0.4454508 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Industry|ESR,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,39.1144483,28.9450078,14.4911189,1.9152727,0.3902689,0.2179915 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Industry|ETS,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,99.79186980000001,61.3021869,35.8957425,13.4813583,0.1953296,-1.8886847 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Land-Use Change,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,-11.0204835,-11.4091323,-15.2906832,-15.8398899,-16.3105471,-16.1206806 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Other,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,14.907223,12.349007,9.790792,7.232576,4.67436,2.116144 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Waste|ESR,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,12.0240181,6.5140635,6.636490999999999,6.791843400000001,6.956291900000001,7.107310999999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|N2O,kt N2O/yr,129.3161489,104.4850983,75.9843075,69.9493319,68.3363675,69.2701557 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|N2O|AFOLU,kt N2O/yr,72.8801844,68.2266366,53.91511620000001,52.06896270000001,51.8553218,53.75665890000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|PFC,kt CF4-equiv/yr,0.102112,0.09543399999999999,0.088755,0.082077,0.07539900000000001,0.06872 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|SF6,kt SF6/yr,0.202141,0.168146,0.13415,0.100154,0.066159,0.032163 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Energy Service|Residential and Commercial|Floor Space,bn m2/yr,5.272,5.359,5.432,5.503,5.566,5.611 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Freight,bn tkm/yr,603.1622040454577,611.5555346226669,596.1837065844244,589.40216555583,610.265183370675,628.3729602094246 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Freight|Domestic Navigation,bn tkm/yr,41.4882440249187,41.29726833670491,32.36171677214239,27.1877711587241,26.170988392774,27.7009596079656 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Freight|International Shipping,bn tkm/yr,1147.74577718583,1069.87314544351,925.2986405013502,800.4854618897689,754.0193741485341,772.8511488718799 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Freight|Rail,bn tkm/yr,128.557029652552,144.321232999537,152.500628168681,164.577240961059,182.228973613978,195.783788099098 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Freight|Road,bn tkm/yr,433.1169303679869,425.9370332864249,411.321361643601,397.637153436047,401.8652213639231,404.888212502361 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Freight|Road|BEV,bn tkm/yr,7.584932256946938,56.0618198076807,188.372912881523,280.942278169937,284.3289549398789,283.387974107429 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Freight|Road|FCEV,bn tkm/yr,0.8770825396973221,5.862273030255949,24.1235171240334,59.62490515057821,99.19870746819619,118.722732806316 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Freight|Road|ICE,bn tkm/yr,423.16714143767,360.208089643033,194.525981384806,54.41791438149759,16.7873598902101,2.48598770200786 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger,bn pkm/yr,1138.139760646847,1141.863375169357,1140.534983744846,1119.604582780159,1130.597033921531,1151.604481582811 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Bicycling and Walking,bn pkm/yr,87.5156663848694,86.8198613211576,88.0419067911843,84.67862471521771,84.8969585458057,86.2569052532286 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Domestic Aviation,bn pkm/yr,7.39482967081282,6.361581381065549,4.16328440075366,2.43631820753617,1.84706312470971,1.76596312408378 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|International Aviation,bn pkm/yr,201.849993662944,192.62199020307,169.5141626546479,149.246630742425,142.239999158887,145.122380947232 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Rail,bn pkm/yr,141.03985106875,158.3884320826931,168.279480874095,168.360800985369,177.689442511879,188.29612796693 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Road,bn pkm/yr,902.1894135224147,890.2935003844403,880.0503116788127,864.1288388720362,866.1635697391371,875.2854852385683 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Road|2W and 3W,bn pkm/yr,12.9849923428324,11.7848742757511,10.6753660108419,9.28227433632318,9.03279549355322,9.24915856974301 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Road|Bus,bn pkm/yr,69.9205446156466,82.51210694925611,90.10780946535812,92.13401322231502,97.0943485691539,102.5135018458 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Road|LDV,bn pkm/yr,919.7845352916381,894.6012547563421,877.984409004639,856.6734503649391,853.9661797157888,859.0288886459971 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Road|LDV|BEV,bn pkm/yr,87.58909945800211,329.8186587741899,528.3324252439438,622.705552427618,654.274010585784,678.7808953067552 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Road|LDV|FCEV,bn pkm/yr,4.743329705103022,6.65249502594066,8.363835919886915,9.005630778072062,9.665733842866263,10.0920706109038 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Road|LDV|ICE,bn pkm/yr,778.571084644414,488.9458820778281,258.565026893694,144.169201540194,111.457527043176,91.9607255797241 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy,TWh/yr,2214.111027777778,1953.457472222222,1634.190361111111,1396.381527777778,1373.122027777778,1330.768944444445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy incl Non-Energy Use incl Bunkers,TWh/yr,2629.714277777777,2286.70175,1951.417638888889,1679.282972222222,1636.8815,1593.8405 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers,TWh/yr,114.6178888888889,104.5035,87.97699999999999,75.35230555555556,69.96977777777778,69.89233333333334 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation,TWh/yr,81.77128522041002,74.03712354614554,61.75855579713194,52.78282327387528,48.81606318846389,48.31812121910694 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids,TWh/yr,81.77128522041002,74.03712354614554,61.75855579713194,52.78282327387528,48.81606318846389,48.31812121910694 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,2.49831525259571,6.930716734066694,11.10651414132711,16.74440646872808,20.5248585066455,21.78889346842686 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,3.863355882635389,10.35901585614547,19.95141933036389,25.00816045407335 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,79.27296996781419,67.10640681207889,46.78868577316944,25.67940094900178,8.339785351454417,1.521067296606672 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Liquids,TWh/yr,114.6178888888889,104.5035,87.97699999999999,75.35230555555556,69.96977777777778,69.89233333333334 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation,TWh/yr,32.91819941069166,30.53164007865306,26.27340306125683,22.61653896624764,21.19740411481055,21.61785437421326 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids,TWh/yr,32.91819941069166,30.53164007865306,26.27340306125683,22.61653896624764,21.19740411481055,21.61785437421326 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,1.005732506882394,2.858108725411694,4.724947319026972,7.174692407067861,8.912511410127165,9.748498370616167 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,1.6435537548349,4.4386615044605,8.663506857917,11.18882020291247 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,31.91246690380944,27.67353135324125,19.90490198739497,11.0031850547193,3.621385846766389,0.6805358006846166 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Carbon Dioxide Removal,TWh/yr,0.2235,0.2254166666666667,0.5730555555555555,2.336472222222222,6.298694444444444,12.54438888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Carbon Dioxide Removal|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.04469444444444444,0.04508333333333333,0.1146111111111111,0.4673055555555555,1.25975,2.508888888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Carbon Dioxide Removal|Gases,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Carbon Dioxide Removal|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0002222222222222224,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Carbon Dioxide Removal|Liquids,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Electricity,TWh/yr,541.9731388888889,609.0943055555556,686.3991666666666,714.1063333333333,724.4056111111112,698.3618333333334 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases,TWh/yr,520.9705555555555,503.8399444444444,335.3113611111111,120.9959166666667,42.48355555555558,33.08786111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,18.41947222222222,25.35516666666667,33.59569444444445,33.42683333333333,22.34041666666667,18.83280555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0005277777777777777,0.0006944444444444445,0.0007777777777777777,0.0365,0.9257222222222221 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,502.5510833333333,478.48425,301.7149722222222,87.56830555555553,20.10666666666667,13.32933333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Heat,TWh/yr,116.7855833333333,120.1425555555555,150.4828055555556,207.71325,238.6923611111111,249.7257777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,13.19469444444444,49.13183333333333,108.3847222222222,197.23325,265.2093055555555,266.6228055555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry,TWh/yr,1064.778833333333,912.7009444444444,828.3448611111111,757.5288888888892,742.6192222222222,725.6407222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use,TWh/yr,763.7934722222222,683.9601944444444,599.0945833333333,549.97975,548.8294999999999,532.4615 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals,TWh/yr,142.5382222222222,122.652,107.01325,87.14202777777777,64.4365,56.37402777777777 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Electricity,TWh/yr,55.16072222222222,50.05319444444444,45.17397222222222,33.88991666666666,25.95172222222222,21.62172222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Gases,TWh/yr,25.05322222222222,12.43155555555556,13.43436111111111,12.47022222222222,8.300222222222223,6.680027777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,4.9805,14.91761111111111,13.44138888888889,13.48991666666667,8.574722222222222,8.367166666666666 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Liquids,TWh/yr,47.44494444444444,45.06419444444445,34.50813888888889,26.99666666666667,21.43544444444445,19.58733333333334 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Solids,TWh/yr,9.898861111111112,0.1854722222222222,0.4553888888888888,0.2953055555555555,0.1743888888888889,0.1177777777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Electricity,TWh/yr,221.2689999999999,224.0123611111111,221.1565277777777,217.6091666666666,224.8434722222222,214.0201944444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases,TWh/yr,172.1828055555555,202.644,133.9561111111111,41.45736111111111,13.79269444444445,13.33366666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,6.677944444444445,10.59819444444445,12.94077777777778,11.54308333333333,7.211361111111113,7.559277777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0005277777777777777,0.0,0.0,0.001194444444444444,0.3623611111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,165.5048611111111,192.0452777777777,121.0153055555556,29.91425,6.580138888888889,5.412027777777777 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Heat,TWh/yr,43.96163888888888,39.26394444444444,65.72150000000003,80.36213888888888,48.32552777777778,47.83225 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,11.30894444444444,44.60563888888888,96.07430555555555,173.8035,232.6549166666667,230.845 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids,TWh/yr,107.4781944444444,115.7889166666667,63.95980555555555,33.17333333333333,26.09272222222222,24.81958333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,1.397166666666667,11.11730555555556,11.33802777777778,10.25175,10.75944444444444,10.78519444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.08116666666666666,0.02591666666666667,3.715638888888889,6.250305555555555,10.36375,12.62347222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,105.9998611111111,104.6456944444444,48.90613888888888,16.67127777777778,4.969527777777778,1.410916666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals,TWh/yr,70.27744444444444,67.93525,64.45494444444445,62.54808333333333,57.04458333333334,53.46683333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Electricity,TWh/yr,10.35680555555555,10.00925,10.95663888888889,18.60461111111111,10.84113888888889,11.12522222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Gases,TWh/yr,21.86077777777778,31.63080555555556,33.68158333333333,21.00105555555556,2.976888888888888,4.394638888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,1.013444444444444,1.997138888888889,4.448888888888888,20.54208333333333,39.04675,34.341 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Liquids,TWh/yr,5.582527777777778,20.4265,4.409805555555555,0.2361666666666667,1.479194444444444,2.241694444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Solids,TWh/yr,31.46388888888889,3.871527777777778,10.95802777777777,2.164166666666667,2.700611111111111,1.364305555555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids,TWh/yr,207.5928333333333,57.64530555555555,18.22633333333333,3.57425,3.120194444444444,1.610777777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,66.99422222222222,50.51344444444445,18.21122222222222,3.564916666666667,3.108361111111111,1.601 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,140.5986111111111,7.131861111111111,0.01511111111111111,0.009333333333333332,0.01183333333333334,0.009777777777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel,TWh/yr,183.5009166666666,163.3758333333333,135.1107222222222,126.2144722222222,126.6280833333333,123.9563888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Electricity,TWh/yr,21.75327777777778,39.71161111111111,46.95994444444445,47.2713611111111,48.31102777777778,47.14330555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Gases,TWh/yr,21.87016666666668,69.58425,33.87297222222222,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,7.771388888888889,54.27780555555556,78.94308333333333,78.31705555555556,76.81308333333334 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Liquids,TWh/yr,1.07325,0.3263611111111111,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Primary,TWh/yr,166.1127222222222,144.0526666666667,114.3395555555556,104.0458611111111,103.2207777777778,101.2385555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Secondary,TWh/yr,17.38819444444444,19.32316666666667,20.77116666666668,22.16861111111111,23.40733333333334,22.71783333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Solids,TWh/yr,138.8042222222222,45.98222222222222,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries,TWh/yr,367.4768888888889,329.9971111111111,292.5156666666666,274.0751666666667,300.7203611111111,298.6642222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Electricity,TWh/yr,133.9982222222222,124.2383055555556,118.066,117.8432777777778,139.7395555555555,134.1299722222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Gases,TWh/yr,103.3986666666666,88.99738888888889,52.96716666666667,7.986055555555556,2.515555555555555,2.259027777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Heat,TWh/yr,43.96163888888888,39.26394444444444,65.72150000000003,80.36213888888888,48.32552777777778,47.83225 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,5.315027777777778,19.91952777777778,23.90619444444444,60.82841666666667,106.7163888888889,111.3237222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Liquids,TWh/yr,53.37747222222222,49.97183333333333,25.04186111111111,5.94052777777778,3.178083333333333,2.990583333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Solids,TWh/yr,27.42586111111112,7.606083333333336,6.812944444444444,1.114777777777778,0.2452222222222222,0.1287222222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Electricity,TWh/yr,221.2689999999999,224.0123611111111,221.1565277777777,217.6091666666666,224.8434722222222,214.0201944444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases,TWh/yr,263.6988888888889,251.9425555555555,197.5918055555555,106.549,67.5705,62.24161111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,10.19,13.25936111111112,19.15788888888889,29.67691666666667,35.31036111111111,35.27475 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0007777777777777777,0.0,0.0,0.001194444444444444,1.687611111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,253.5036111111111,238.6784722222222,178.4312222222222,76.8706111111111,32.25838888888889,25.27869444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.005277777777777778,0.003972222222222222,0.002694444444444445,0.001444444444444445,0.0005277777777777777,0.0005833333333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Heat,TWh/yr,43.96163888888888,39.26394444444444,65.72150000000003,80.36213888888888,48.32552777777778,47.83225 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,11.30894444444444,44.60563888888888,96.07430555555555,173.8035,232.6549166666667,230.845 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids,TWh/yr,280.7883055555556,294.4956388888888,227.4173611111111,174.0894166666667,164.9747777777778,168.2285833333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,2.639194444444444,28.96438888888889,40.08863888888889,53.67963888888889,67.97355555555555,72.97141666666666 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.1270833333333333,0.02591666666666667,12.88391666666667,32.68241666666667,65.44683333333333,85.49916666666664 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,278.0220277777777,265.5048333333334,174.4440833333333,87.72627777777777,31.55294444444444,9.75594444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0005,0.00075,0.001083333333333333,0.001444444444444445,0.002027777777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids,TWh/yr,243.752,58.38077777777778,20.38336111111111,5.115694444444444,4.250027777777778,2.473083333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,78.24366666666667,51.15583333333333,20.36636111111111,5.102,4.233888888888889,2.458055555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,165.5083333333333,7.224944444444444,0.01697222222222222,0.01369444444444444,0.01611111111111111,0.01502777777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids,TWh/yr,770.4029722222222,580.7995555555553,315.5120833333333,146.3116944444444,98.05058333333334,81.05377777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,17.54858333333334,53.78936111111111,56.09875,45.952,40.52366666666666,35.94194444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.08116666666666666,0.1270833333333333,19.36433333333333,28.29852777777778,39.46975,41.54302777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,752.7731944444444,526.8831388888889,240.049,72.06113888888889,18.05719444444445,3.568805555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use,TWh/yr,300.9853611111111,228.7407777777777,229.2502777777778,207.5491388888889,193.7896944444444,193.1792222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals,TWh/yr,300.9853611111111,228.7407777777777,229.2502777777778,207.5491388888889,193.7896944444444,193.1792222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Gases,TWh/yr,91.51608333333336,49.29855555555555,63.63569444444445,65.0916388888889,53.77783333333333,48.90794444444445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Liquids,TWh/yr,173.3101111111111,178.7067222222222,163.4575555555555,140.9160833333333,138.8820555555556,143.409 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Solids,TWh/yr,36.15916666666666,0.7355,2.157027777777778,1.541444444444444,1.129805555555556,0.8623055555555554 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Gases,TWh/yr,91.51608333333336,49.29855555555555,63.63569444444445,65.0916388888889,53.77783333333333,48.90794444444445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,3.512055555555555,2.661166666666667,6.217111111111111,18.13383333333334,28.09902777777777,27.71547222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0002222222222222224,0.0,0.0,0.0,1.325222222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,88.00402777777781,46.63713888888888,57.4186111111111,46.95780555555556,25.67880555555556,19.86722222222223 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Liquids,TWh/yr,173.3101111111111,178.7067222222222,163.4575555555555,140.9160833333333,138.8820555555556,143.409 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,1.242027777777778,17.84708333333333,28.75058333333333,43.42788888888889,57.21408333333333,62.18624999999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.04591666666666667,0.0,9.168277777777778,26.43208333333333,55.08308333333333,72.87569444444445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,172.0221666666667,160.8596388888889,125.5386944444444,71.05608333333333,26.58488888888889,8.347055555555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Solids,TWh/yr,36.15916666666666,0.7355,2.157027777777778,1.541444444444444,1.129805555555556,0.8623055555555554 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial,TWh/yr,887.3738333333333,816.8770833333333,682.0174722222218,555.206361111111,549.7662222222223,529.8948888888887 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Appliances and Lighting,TWh/yr,208.9664166666666,217.9064166666666,225.4731944444445,212.4541111111111,212.1566388888889,205.4284444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Appliances and Lighting|Electricity,TWh/yr,208.9664166666666,217.9064166666666,225.4731944444445,212.4541111111111,212.1566388888889,205.4284444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Electricity,TWh/yr,277.7883888888888,297.29175,325.9927222222222,331.7018055555556,333.7044166666666,318.8863611111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases,TWh/yr,346.9458888888889,298.8817777777778,198.6378611111111,76.71688888888887,25.5078611111111,16.311 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,11.67522222222223,14.64008333333333,20.38288888888889,21.10136111111111,13.46030555555555,9.318111111111108 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0002777777777777778,0.0007777777777777777,0.03422222222222222,0.4683333333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,335.2706666666667,284.2416944444444,178.2547222222222,55.61475,12.01336111111111,6.524555555555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Heat,TWh/yr,72.64513888888888,80.6982777777778,84.30286111111111,125.4819444444445,185.3280833333333,191.8580277777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids,TWh/yr,146.8031944444444,107.2013611111111,53.21011111111111,14.85886111111111,4.065472222222222,2.533388888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,1.344777777777778,9.586111111111114,9.586111111111114,4.662138888888888,1.68775,1.117833333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.1011666666666667,3.333305555555556,2.867944444444444,1.631916666666666,1.296583333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,145.4584166666667,97.51408333333333,40.29066666666667,7.328777777777778,0.7458055555555555,0.1189722222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Non-Heating|Electricity,TWh/yr,208.9664166666666,217.9064166666666,225.4731944444445,212.4541111111111,212.1566388888889,205.4284444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Solids,TWh/yr,43.19125,32.80394444444445,19.87391666666667,6.446833333333333,1.160388888888889,0.3061111111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,40.54041666666667,30.79063888888889,19.86263888888889,6.435555555555555,1.155138888888889,0.3046666666666666 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,2.650805555555555,2.013305555555555,0.01127777777777778,0.01127777777777778,0.00525,0.001444444444444445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Electricity|Heat Pumps,TWh/yr,18.89033333333334,26.00022222222222,43.61608333333336,73.17875,83.16627777777778,85.35069444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Electricity|Resistive,TWh/yr,49.93161111111111,53.38511111111111,56.90344444444444,46.06897222222222,38.3815,28.10722222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Gases,TWh/yr,335.2636944444444,284.2369444444445,178.2520277777778,55.61372222222221,12.01316666666667,6.524416666666666 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Heat,TWh/yr,72.64513888888888,80.6982777777778,84.30286111111111,125.4819444444445,185.3280833333333,191.8580277777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0002777777777777778,0.0007777777777777777,0.03422222222222222,0.4683333333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Liquids,TWh/yr,146.8031944444444,107.2013611111111,53.21011111111111,14.85886111111111,4.065472222222222,2.533388888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Solids,TWh/yr,43.19125,32.80394444444445,19.87391666666667,6.446833333333333,1.160388888888889,0.3061111111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space and Water Heating,TWh/yr,678.4074166666667,598.9706666666667,456.5442777777778,342.75225,337.6095833333334,324.4664444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Solids,TWh/yr,250.7840833333333,90.44924999999999,38.10025,10.02108333333333,4.280583333333333,1.916916666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,107.5346666666667,81.30408333333334,38.07386111111111,10.00047222222222,4.2635,1.905666666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Solids|Biomass|Traditional,TWh/yr,1.283444444444444,0.7061944444444445,0.2604166666666664,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,143.2494166666667,9.145166666666666,0.02638888888888889,0.02061111111111111,0.01708333333333334,0.01122222222222223 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation,TWh/yr,562.7202222222222,452.3948055555555,352.50525,288.8589722222222,268.2275833333333,255.8681666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus,TWh/yr,11.51802152040289,12.50772799645842,10.68540057368444,7.926278254718916,7.075621810286444,6.601634562225694 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.07684599538889833,0.3925576721102028,0.8785735686754972,0.9557545808374278,0.7596492456575611,0.6801522356098614 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Gases,TWh/yr,0.5028756604994222,0.5451999049077888,0.4371600175077778,0.2256888132303033,0.1229969901711303,0.02210685190549139 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.04816600435563167,0.4384679384766916,2.193660227458823,4.336795663943222,5.312300479314223,5.760137139955 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Liquids,TWh/yr,10.89013386015891,11.13150248096375,7.176006760042361,2.408039196707966,0.8806750951435386,0.13923833475533 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation,TWh/yr,5.669103136353861,4.627022719283858,2.87028769410725,1.63028830849462,1.199281067553611,1.112118402414539 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,6.990785295103144e-07,1.700108682866831e-06,3.947991088538391e-05,0.0001514876161476665,0.0003065212951638889,0.0004977345808025 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Liquids,TWh/yr,5.669102437275333,4.627021019175166,2.870248214196389,1.630136820878472,1.198974546258447,1.111620667833736 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation,TWh/yr,4.442018610167028,4.399508049565973,3.430290434285166,2.867551605875195,2.746535676866948,2.892520827770667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Liquids,TWh/yr,4.442018610167028,4.399508049565973,3.430290434285166,2.867551605875195,2.746535676866948,2.892520827770667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Electricity,TWh/yr,42.87105555555556,87.74513888888892,139.1353055555555,164.3280555555555,164.598,162.9463888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases,TWh/yr,1.841861111111111,2.314194444444444,2.717388888888888,2.821666666666666,3.183,3.443166666666666 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.06627777777777778,0.1169166666666667,0.2719999999999997,0.7823888888888889,1.668777777777778,1.955416666666666 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0004444444444444445,0.0,0.001083333333333333,0.09502777777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,1.775583333333333,2.197277777777778,2.444944444444444,2.039277777777778,1.513166666666667,1.392722222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,1.88575,4.526194444444444,12.31041666666667,23.42975,32.55419444444444,35.77780555555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV,TWh/yr,337.3680459815972,255.4819524817819,195.6815983828591,159.4254670127628,143.9548711801586,134.9811226629275 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Electricity,TWh/yr,21.48149777964359,53.82736176358889,78.03274452964556,85.53045473038111,84.86774758647084,84.69292070387444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Gases,TWh/yr,1.029620530479458,1.367460030434314,1.942911992523656,2.408506743108214,2.948966911989305,3.395124246667944 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,1.418897295827997,1.768403588379333,2.076927080862527,2.1254050195384,2.202083358877426,2.251006795020183 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Liquids,TWh/yr,313.4380303756472,198.5187270993794,113.6290147798275,69.36110051973472,53.93607332282111,44.642070917365 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids,TWh/yr,516.1215833333333,357.8092777777778,198.3421388888889,98.27947222222222,67.89241666666666,53.70077777777777 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,14.80663888888889,33.08594444444444,35.17458333333333,31.03811111111111,28.07647222222222,24.03894444444445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,12.31538888888889,19.18027777777777,27.47408333333334,27.62294444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,501.3149166666666,324.7233611111112,150.8521666666667,48.06108333333334,12.34186111111111,2.038916666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail,TWh/yr,24.01748189536183,26.77039002844536,27.91574104903944,28.28751184229583,30.09803612956111,31.95955733807722 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Electricity,TWh/yr,19.52250636867706,21.98913986481319,23.54475086959059,24.28001416523675,26.12831558629162,27.80951583136125 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Freight,TWh/yr,8.505491440055026,9.431220292659667,9.690280718204335,10.21970449567961,11.14963647920892,11.93836117855611 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Liquids,TWh/yr,4.494975526684783,4.781250163632189,4.370990179448914,4.007497677059019,3.969720543269419,4.150041506716033 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Passenger,TWh/yr,15.51199045530681,17.33916973578572,18.22546033083516,18.06780734661614,18.94839965035211,20.0211961595212 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck,TWh/yr,180.2231803763522,149.1474017172236,112.2211027895331,88.66635604388532,83.39229784574059,78.74435440596642 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Electricity,TWh/yr,1.725177413704291,11.42927599158825,36.75867891970778,53.87926957944,52.96670074537972,49.73905116984972 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Gases,TWh/yr,0.304429871866225,0.3958541547797722,0.32746124435215,0.1695672126213614,0.08446451362245695,0.01435107510873722 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.4162268689971639,2.315804195697164,7.987155978548222,16.79566064236339,25.09596344785253,28.22295860412222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Liquids,TWh/yr,177.7773462217845,135.0064673751584,67.147806646925,17.82185860946061,5.245169138885831,0.76799355688565 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,GDP|MER,billion EUR2020/yr,3631.401554134201,3790.48298418384,3943.028733768179,4101.34033774626,4315.32197804232,4534.4994507939 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,GDP|PPP,billion EUR2020/yr,4316.0714488332,4505.146330239661,4686.4532842764,4874.6131954254,5128.93925506158,5389.44077718942 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation,billion EUR2020/yr,202.8876582356002,208.0769182274819,223.1650357364555,230.6401331445964,235.8163888831978,237.3996297554752 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Bus,billion EUR2020/yr,0.6632396817286751,0.887328115470087,1.149641514736204,1.30329927996752,1.432294558439075,1.547397002421269 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Bus|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.034353320711929,0.163087464120735,0.327198423717177,0.339954745911121,0.286002189274907,0.273824781005974 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Bus|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.01064015256704,0.088849608400193,0.403380962667082,0.8140072845757431,1.087213579387463,1.26393814860791 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Bus|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,0.562775688982711,0.5752516770088341,0.370840318276936,0.124442193547382,0.04551136077520501,0.007195532293048001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Domestic Navigation,billion EUR2020/yr,0.011614185865668,0.01156072428418,0.009059313122484002,0.007610922923636001,0.007326285568976001,0.007754584487862001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV,billion EUR2020/yr,135.4909992854991,132.5119332080139,132.5235506210373,128.6789101350433,125.0639294482055,122.5090792379669 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,13.96796716694457,50.47087933248092,82.24867726879194,95.5207201272146,97.32244635935622,97.90220035715727 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,1.176220670825175,1.461570952654787,1.738796663633335,1.768491830378552,1.782840541211149,1.783401302667701 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,113.5792804077165,71.36723994639038,37.92553466144528,21.41386783546267,16.66338063077837,13.87239277725624 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|PHEV,billion EUR2020/yr,5.351601436652801,7.38925361441011,8.109381555828724,6.943765630376247,5.619410578555544,4.70938617691164 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Rail,billion EUR2020/yr,8.117144364418996,9.119294841436146,9.84329344839268,10.00928740363697,10.74614400985345,11.57610214821874 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck,billion EUR2020/yr,56.47586059113667,63.23315192562664,77.29117647181975,88.17804874314618,95.8712972592029,98.8709094127591 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,2.456291548012712,15.02844704872221,45.08076070354804,67.01704652751614,72.0964751003683,73.16008585638716 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.384320397127335,1.993326541655848,6.619357311660381,13.9563632217864,21.48916911070595,25.35605273435861 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,53.12412867312064,45.4933548873183,24.92341805751622,6.85168871081602,2.096982831874991,0.319505189296602 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply,billion EUR2020/yr,58.51731507846,81.56498286678001,72.097752615,50.04275079636,33.96763309086001,29.89701485148 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|CO2 Transport and Storage,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1081956456,0.9493781774400001,1.54933925916,0.79854371898,0.47549032608,0.1325326107 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|DACCS,billion EUR2020/yr,0.10711410864,0.11722310418,0.7754928904799999,2.08967298876,3.28287968862,3.984278240040001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity,billion EUR2020/yr,48.67221722622,62.10923012910001,49.38722909022,31.8696016443,21.05659008852,21.09391655658001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Biomass,billion EUR2020/yr,0.224301651,0.0001368129,8.265978000000006e-05,7.360248000000005e-05,7.255374000000003e-05,7.140966000000005e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,3.708726000000002e-05,6.082692000000004e-05,7.913220000000006e-06,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,0.22426456374,7.589064000000005e-05,7.474656000000004e-05,7.360248000000005e-05,7.255374000000003e-05,7.140966000000005e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Coal,billion EUR2020/yr,0.00013290396,0.00016036188,8.599668000000007e-05,8.590134000000005e-05,8.647338000000005e-05,8.752212000000006e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Coal|w/ CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,4.938612000000003e-05,7.417452000000006e-05,1.906800000000001e-07,5.720400000000003e-07,1.430100000000001e-06,2.955540000000002e-06 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Coal|w/o CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,8.351784000000007e-05,8.618736000000006e-05,8.580600000000007e-05,8.542464000000007e-05,8.494794000000006e-05,8.456658000000007e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Electricity Storage,billion EUR2020/yr,4.440847675739999,7.00777535262,5.680811304420001,2.57822136726,1.46421656094,3.28314988218 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Fossil,billion EUR2020/yr,0.56652534372,0.10121933178,0.0001243233600000001,0.0001244187000000001,0.0001254674400000001,0.0001275649200000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Gas,billion EUR2020/yr,0.56639024694,0.10105344018,3.279696000000002e-05,3.298764000000003e-05,3.346434000000003e-05,3.451308000000002e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Gas|w/ CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,2.431170000000001e-05,3.651522000000001e-05,9.534000000000008e-08,4.767000000000003e-07,1.14408e-06,2.383500000000001e-06 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Gas|w/o CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,0.56636593524,0.10101692496,3.270162000000002e-05,3.251094000000002e-05,3.232026000000002e-05,3.212958000000002e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Geothermal,billion EUR2020/yr,0.07206121355999999,0.0052322592,0.01024275756,0.0236076141,0.04647310164,0.0777778953 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Hydro,billion EUR2020/yr,0.5101725392400001,0.46754621592,0.35914225242,0.2073525825,0.06829947852,0.004972076339999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Hydrogen,billion EUR2020/yr,0.8749261227,2.0916375648,1.66256256432,0.8100181740000001,0.25514299692,0.4347890127 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Non-Biomass Renewables,billion EUR2020/yr,25.75634068476,29.24192093592001,20.69006041620001,15.41368873296,12.18375468324,11.71762197816 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Non-fossil,billion EUR2020/yr,26.85556845846,31.33369531362001,22.35270564030001,16.22378050944,12.4389702339,12.15248240052 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Nuclear,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Oil,billion EUR2020/yr,2.192820000000001e-06,5.529720000000003e-06,5.529720000000003e-06,5.529720000000003e-06,5.529720000000003e-06,5.529720000000003e-06 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Oil|w/ CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Oil|w/o CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,2.192820000000001e-06,5.529720000000003e-06,5.529720000000003e-06,5.529720000000003e-06,5.529720000000003e-06,5.529720000000003e-06 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Solar,billion EUR2020/yr,7.08093221346,5.29902608802,4.226134654560002,2.75003548806,1.87149054498,1.80063309426 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Transmission and Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,11.96785448838,15.61916187804,14.3514010143,10.16871565794,6.6880995699,5.0725012989 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Wind,billion EUR2020/yr,18.0931747185,23.47011637278001,16.09454075166,12.4326930483,10.1974915581,9.834238912259998 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Wind Offshore,billion EUR2020/yr,8.35486405404,12.0998143917,6.76961803476,4.87802600418,3.835061701379999,3.62619082938 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Wind Onshore,billion EUR2020/yr,9.73831066446,11.37030198108,9.3249227169,7.554667044119999,6.362429856719999,6.208047987540001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Energiewende,billion EUR2020/yr,48.94557035382,66.94460864448001,59.44096356407999,44.44262554326,32.7781727763,29.92506454685999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Gases|Transmission and Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,0.29026243932,0.12790652322,0.17195036166,0.10832492664,0.0222156501,0.095252477879999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat,billion EUR2020/yr,2.76971890776,6.68793043674,9.26932157298,7.857683115239998,4.61299186362,3.03267711516 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat|Heatpump,billion EUR2020/yr,2.22340612074,5.67142927638,7.257770370899999,5.63774527302,3.27186877668,2.32733825688 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat|Renewable,billion EUR2020/yr,2.223408599579999,5.671435568820002,7.257776663339999,5.63775156546,3.27187506912,2.32845220944 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat|Transmission and Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,0.5463058272000001,1.01648399916,2.01153413622,2.21992068102,1.34110592574,0.7023308812800001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen,billion EUR2020/yr,1.574335119,3.45078620418,4.87566824598,4.52102728098,2.97877712286,1.54508461632 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen|Biomass,billion EUR2020/yr,0.01182940584,0.24360714294,0.41027299908,0.1281217056,0.03144379938,2.011674000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen|Electrolysis,billion EUR2020/yr,0.941209446239999,1.95584222862,2.49038052564,2.1475835535,1.70203647054,1.38571379562 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen|Fossil,billion EUR2020/yr,0.13358011128,0.0399593775,0.00102652578,0.00219396408,0.00127889076,0.0004136802600000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen|Transmission and Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,0.48771615564,1.21137745512,1.973988100139999,2.24312796246,1.24401786684,0.1589370237 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Liquids,billion EUR2020/yr,2.01557350134,3.83153507478,4.14812746656,3.225642987,2.654625699180001,1.55952042708 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Liquids|Biomass,billion EUR2020/yr,1.34087053128,3.68334115296,4.13046020184,2.8397119107,1.84708150284,0.976910462639999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Liquids|Coal and Gas,billion EUR2020/yr,3.756396000000003e-05,6.473586000000006e-05,2.097480000000001e-05,2.126082000000001e-05,2.192820000000001e-05,2.316762000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Liquids|Hydrogen,billion EUR2020/yr,0.00271185096,2.183286000000001e-05,0.0176412369,0.3859047624600001,0.80751711978,0.582581648459999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Liquids|Oil,billion EUR2020/yr,0.6719534598,0.1481073531,5.148360000000004e-06,5.148360000000004e-06,5.148360000000004e-06,5.148360000000004e-06 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Population,million,83.526344,83.05420470000001,82.46198150000001,81.92754460000002,81.46169060000003,80.9964458 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Price|Carbon,EUR2020/t CO2,61.53916261836002,97.54624997376001,423.33582269496,749.1253954161599,1074.91496813736,1074.91496813736 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Price|Carbon|ETS,EUR2020/t CO2,61.53916261836002,97.54624997376001,423.33582269496,749.1253954161599,1074.91496813736,1074.91496813736 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Price|Primary Energy|Biomass,EUR2020/GJ,24.37032294522,7.40620178466,12.27437068158,32.5662124116,55.075143606,63.28030479203999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Price|Primary Energy|Coal,EUR2020/GJ,2.4340940778,2.12321979786,1.9442991288,1.78859975616,1.56585205182,1.55391157488 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Price|Primary Energy|Gas,EUR2020/GJ,6.40912633998,6.73756348734,6.74485728336,6.61277200794,6.372333680580001,6.101359858019999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Price|Primary Energy|Oil,EUR2020/GJ,11.34772013004,11.30466525342,11.28674171478,11.72335934868,12.4639002138,12.76132802616 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy,TWh/yr,3182.312583333333,2635.113277777778,2191.212916666667,1852.537666666666,1734.89925,1722.035083333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass,TWh/yr,283.2885555555555,301.8043611111111,298.4458333333333,305.5575555555556,305.5575555555556,305.5575555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Electricity,TWh/yr,96.40480555555553,76.55669444444445,53.08936111111111,34.23169444444444,18.06925,19.48916666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Electricity|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.1879722222222222,1.697833333333333,6.711388888888889,13.84758333333334,17.98011111111111,19.42391666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Electricity|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,96.21680555555555,74.85886111111111,46.37797222222222,20.38408333333334,0.08916666666666667,0.06525 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Energy Crops,TWh/yr,10.39086111111111,0.0,0.0,0.0,3.545333333333333,6.038972222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Gases,TWh/yr,2.912,8.149944444444444,29.59352777777778,50.75872222222223,47.78302777777778,39.44208333333334 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Heat,TWh/yr,37.7795,34.49211111111111,21.48055555555556,9.56686111111111,0.04611111111111111,0.03191666666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0006666666666666666,0.6479722222222222,8.671194444444444,12.48236111111111,12.43675,12.27230555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Liquids,TWh/yr,24.44108333333333,97.52491666666666,143.9425,186.5016388888888,221.5799444444444,231.4139722222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,1.9285,23.19083333333333,105.1843888888889,204.44075,244.6397222222222,250.9564722222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,281.3600833333333,278.6135,193.2614444444445,101.1168333333333,60.91783333333333,54.60111111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal,TWh/yr,535.7078055555555,97.54038888888886,0.2084444444444445,0.1634722222222219,0.1198333333333334,0.08055555555555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Electricity,TWh/yr,299.4036666666667,63.92272222222222,0.1195833333333333,0.08972222222222222,0.06033333333333334,0.03413888888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Electricity|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.001694444444444445,0.001694444444444445,0.001694444444444445,0.001666666666666667,0.001666666666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Electricity|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,299.4036666666667,63.92105555555555,0.1178888888888889,0.08805555555555555,0.05863888888888889,0.03247222222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Gases,TWh/yr,0.02097222222222223,0.01494444444444445,0.009277777777777777,0.004333333333333333,0.001305555555555556,0.001305555555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Heat,TWh/yr,42.57475,23.15119444444444,0.04116666666666666,0.03425,0.02644444444444444,0.01802777777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.002694444444444445,0.003138888888888889,0.002388888888888889,0.002388888888888889,0.002388888888888889,0.002388888888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Liquids,TWh/yr,0.0,0.003722222222222222,0.004638888888888889,0.005583333333333333,0.006472222222222222,0.007305555555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Solids,TWh/yr,193.7057222222222,10.44469444444445,0.03136111111111111,0.02719444444444444,0.02288888888888889,0.01733333333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.004805555555555555,0.004805555555555555,0.004805555555555555,0.004805555555555555,0.004777777777777777 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,535.7078055555555,97.53558333333334,0.2036388888888886,0.1586666666666667,0.1150555555555555,0.07575 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Fossil,TWh/yr,2550.790472222222,1710.9435,950.3598055555556,339.9711666666664,112.0834166666667,51.45872222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Fossil|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,5.729111111111111,4.296166666666667,4.265277777777778,0.02688888888888889,0.02586111111111111,0.02386111111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Fossil|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,2545.061361111111,1706.647333333333,946.0945277777778,339.94425,112.0575833333333,51.43486111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas,TWh/yr,885.9080833333333,760.1710555555555,478.9093611111111,143.2928055555556,49.93844444444444,35.86963888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Electricity,TWh/yr,155.4434444444445,132.9923055555555,75.78894444444444,3.013166666666667,0.9640833333333335,0.1301666666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Electricity|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.001,0.001,0.001,0.001,0.001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Electricity|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,155.4434444444445,132.9913055555556,75.78794444444443,3.012194444444444,0.9630833333333333,0.1291666666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Gases,TWh/yr,605.77975,538.7341111111111,368.5571111111111,138.1965555555556,47.15519444444445,34.25702777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Heat,TWh/yr,109.5705555555556,75.06905555555555,28.09072222222222,0.04944444444444444,0.03691666666666666,0.02647222222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,15.11436111111111,13.37558333333334,6.472555555555556,2.033611111111111,1.782277777777778,1.455972222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Hydrogen|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,5.729111111111111,4.290361111111111,4.259472222222222,0.02111111111111112,0.02005555555555556,0.01808333333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Hydrogen|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,9.385250000000001,9.085194444444443,2.213083333333333,2.0125,1.762194444444445,1.437888888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Liquids,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,5.729111111111111,4.291361111111111,4.260472222222222,0.02211111111111111,0.02105555555555556,0.01905555555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,880.1789444444445,755.8796944444445,474.6488888888889,143.2706944444444,49.91741666666666,35.85058333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Geothermal,TWh/yr,11.44277777777778,52.84830555555555,139.4681666666667,226.6644166666667,266.5955000000001,280.2060277777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Hydro,TWh/yr,22.94183333333334,24.14352777777778,24.92175,25.00016666666667,24.52397222222222,23.86308333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Nuclear,TWh/yr,0.007,0.00575,0.004305555555555556,0.002888888888888889,0.001666666666666667,0.0008333333333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Oil,TWh/yr,1129.174611111111,853.2320555555556,471.242,196.5148888888889,62.02511111111111,15.50855555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Oil|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,1129.174611111111,853.2320555555556,471.242,196.5148888888889,62.02511111111111,15.50855555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Solar,TWh/yr,121.0978611111111,211.9275833333333,313.1523055555556,384.0058055555556,413.2835,422.4465 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Wind,TWh/yr,192.7440833333333,333.4402777777778,464.86075,571.3356388888885,612.8536388888889,638.5023333333334 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Production|Non-Metallic Minerals|Cement,Mt/yr,31.27763,35.4432,36.14307,37.09785,38.05145999999999,38.89553000000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Production|Steel,Mt/yr,38.18185,43.05447999999999,44.03038,45.08397,47.06158,47.16435000000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Production|Steel|Primary,Mt/yr,26.91818,29.83218,29.05294,28.28043,28.45625,28.275 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Production|Steel|Secondary,Mt/yr,11.26367,13.2223,14.97744,16.80354,18.60533,18.88935 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Bus,million,0.010200853845235,0.012770005578553,0.013462076221904,0.012708459856613,0.013646214811612,0.014869049788271 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Bus|BEV,million,0.0005178878594541429,0.002513598274873,0.004351619905526001,0.00289144770863,0.002507096467282,0.002574397030939 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Bus|FCEV,million,0.000190846573381055,0.001619270319302,0.007744645861749001,0.009557154533892,0.01107847133941,0.012266890749154 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Bus|ICE,million,0.008929269867581,0.008120027566079,0.001266432709926,0.000235548882666319,5.440642668148505e-05,1.984858807714461e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV,million,3.549313426147478,3.430377844168609,3.102570696756498,3.208113051850989,3.150964522823753,3.053041806774082 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|BEV,million,2.119115179075408,2.535032519986091,2.415592461860767,2.672025345525198,2.690932074728791,2.614688484870343 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|FCEV,million,0.023995122176024,0.027841932492692,0.028631047253296,0.031445786722943,0.03244139340206501,0.032055630287901 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|ICE,million,1.206408838988013,0.6714995332348971,0.5026796743774851,0.383614617370006,0.321777417919801,0.302918535012116 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|PHEV,million,0.199794285908033,0.196003858454929,0.155667513264949,0.121027302232841,0.105813636773094,0.103379156603721 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck,million,0.468727947905299,0.463904381415346,0.46396041751627,0.460051736573226,0.472601475099085,0.477992214180511 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|BEV,million,0.024747132739062,0.149656708770723,0.399648256526324,0.411491417391491,0.417790427731237,0.417055822425927 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|FCEV,million,0.003012446143129,0.011769842195276,0.027905062886646,0.042454069668179,0.053382351978234,0.060345771451918 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|ICE,million,0.438710925288228,0.300933404579719,0.03619542523437001,0.006064056458021,0.001417644762263,0.000537816986800179 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.32198633508656,0.318917808465507,0.320224147455328,0.318536676764834,0.327088134561789,0.330256271674953 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Truck (12t+),million,0.015729455373841,0.015904090637751,0.015400174075727,0.015451768765172,0.016011631896944,0.016258260854482 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Truck (7.5t),million,0.081721284770744,0.080623520489985,0.08107502211332601,0.080797743641212,0.08312439056736101,0.08402401986266601 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy,TWh/yr,2695.677861111111,2343.624666666666,1993.179277777778,1719.832027777778,1679.057861111111,1740.194166666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Electricity|Heat,TWh/yr,2.599499999999999,15.02116666666667,41.00711111111111,67.166,79.14530555555555,83.22847222222225 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Electricity|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,3.989388888888889,20.15063888888889,62.77755555555555,129.6692222222222,191.5184166666666,248.85975 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Hydrogen|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.0,24.61038888888888,44.52977777777777,50.50211111111111,51.56463888888889,53.41691666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Hydrogen|Gases,TWh/yr,0.0,0.001,0.0009722222222222222,0.0009722222222222222,0.04699999999999999,2.90375 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Hydrogen|Liquids,TWh/yr,0.1822777777777778,0.1821111111111111,0.1806666666666667,2.58711111111111,30.634,69.87244444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity,TWh/yr,583.2548055555554,680.7563611111111,813.7561666666666,919.1809722222222,985.9320555555553,1018.622277777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Biomass,TWh/yr,37.01697222222222,29.75486111111111,21.03852777777778,14.22341666666667,8.202472222222221,8.849250000000003 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.08538888888888889,0.7709722222222222,3.048472222222222,6.290305555555555,8.16763888888889,8.823527777777775 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,36.93158333333333,28.98391666666667,17.99005555555556,7.933138888888889,0.03486111111111111,0.02572222222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Coal,TWh/yr,100.3492222222222,9.802416666666664,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.01536111111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Coal|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0006111111111111111,0.0006111111111111111,0.0006111111111111111,0.0006111111111111111,0.0006111111111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Coal|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,100.3492222222222,9.801833333333331,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.01477777777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Curtailment,TWh/yr,14.35330555555556,46.87077777777778,81.14872222222222,98.98866666666666,95.98905555555557,98.41372222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Fossil,TWh/yr,221.0229166666667,116.12725,51.05025,1.431222222222222,0.4773333333333333,0.08416666666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Fossil|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.001111111111111111,0.001111111111111111,0.001111111111111111,0.001111111111111111,0.001111111111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Fossil|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,221.0229166666667,116.1261388888889,51.04913888888889,1.430138888888889,0.47625,0.08308333333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas,TWh/yr,101.1526944444444,88.27313888888888,50.99986111111111,1.392638888888889,0.4506388888888889,0.06833333333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas|CC,TWh/yr,49.66672222222222,52.60616666666667,35.72066666666667,0.04094444444444444,0.03152777777777778,0.01927777777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas|CC|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0005,0.0005,0.0005,0.0005,0.0005 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas|CC|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,49.66672222222222,52.60566666666666,35.72016666666666,0.04044444444444444,0.03102777777777778,0.01877777777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0005,0.0005,0.0005,0.0005,0.0005 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,101.1526944444444,88.27263888888889,50.99936111111111,1.392138888888889,0.4501388888888889,0.06783333333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Geothermal,TWh/yr,2.777805555555556,2.777805555555556,2.777805555555556,2.777805555555556,2.777805555555556,2.777805555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Hydro,TWh/yr,22.94183333333334,24.14352777777778,24.92175,25.00016666666667,24.52397222222222,23.86308333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,9.450388888888888,17.09941666666667,19.39280555555555,19.80083333333334,20.51208333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Non-Biomass Renewables,TWh/yr,325.20825,525.4184166666666,724.5638888888889,884.1307777777778,957.449833333333,989.1759722222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Nuclear,TWh/yr,0.006666666666666666,0.005444444444444444,0.004083333333333333,0.00275,0.001583333333333333,0.0008055555555555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Oil,TWh/yr,2.382000000000001,0.9126944444444444,0.0001944444444444446,0.0003055555555555555,0.0003888888888888889,0.0004722222222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Oil|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,2.382000000000001,0.9126944444444444,0.0001944444444444446,0.0003055555555555555,0.0003888888888888889,0.0004722222222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Other,TWh/yr,17.139,17.139,0.05388888888888889,0.04097222222222222,0.02794444444444444,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Solar,TWh/yr,112.9151111111111,184.1177777777778,262.8050833333334,321.6630277777778,351.0098333333333,359.3734722222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Solar|CSP,TWh/yr,0.06005555555555556,0.06886111111111111,0.0815,0.09144444444444444,0.09786111111111111,0.1010555555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Solar|PV,TWh/yr,112.8550555555556,184.0488888888888,262.7236111111111,321.5715833333333,350.9119722222222,359.2724166666666 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Transmission Losses,TWh/yr,29.82025,30.40347222222222,31.13372222222222,30.49430555555556,30.25602777777778,28.17975 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Wind,TWh/yr,186.5735277777777,314.3793055555556,434.0592222222222,534.6897777777777,579.13825,603.1616388888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Wind|Offshore,TWh/yr,39.06255555555556,92.72222222222223,140.2582222222223,178.12075,197.2386666666667,206.7529722222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Wind|Onshore,TWh/yr,147.5109722222222,221.6570833333333,293.801,356.5690277777778,381.8995833333333,396.4086388888888 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases,TWh/yr,608.0050833333333,543.7340555555555,385.08675,166.1958333333333,73.4828611111111,58.28186111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,2.205527777777778,4.981166666666667,16.51422222222222,27.98719444444444,26.28141666666667,21.6931388888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases|Coal,TWh/yr,0.01258333333333334,0.008972222222222223,0.005555555555555556,0.002583333333333334,0.0007777777777777777,0.0007777777777777777 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.00788888888888889,0.01027777777777778,0.01008333333333334,0.009527777777777777,0.04547222222222223,2.330888888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,605.7790833333336,538.7336388888889,368.5568888888889,138.1965,47.15516666666667,34.25702777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat,TWh/yr,126.5714166666667,130.8531388888889,164.7121111111111,228.4888055555556,263.8834444444444,277.4730833333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Biomass,TWh/yr,17.91,16.41894444444444,10.22977777777778,4.544861111111111,0.02311111111111111,0.01530555555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Coal,TWh/yr,29.98516666666667,16.33319444444444,0.02944444444444444,0.02438888888888889,0.01875,0.01272222222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Electricity,TWh/yr,8.665,50.0705,136.6903888888889,223.8866388888889,263.8176944444444,277.42825 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Electricity|Heat Pumps,TWh/yr,8.665,50.0705,136.6903888888889,223.8866388888889,263.8176944444444,277.42825 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Gas,TWh/yr,70.01127777777778,48.03044444444445,17.76247222222222,0.03294444444444444,0.02388888888888889,0.01680555555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,13.37697222222222,23.09166666666667,51.42880555555556,97.82247222222223,144.1202777777778,189.48125 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.0003888888888888889,0.3564444444444444,4.76925,6.865416666666667,6.840333333333333,6.749916666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Biomass|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.3556388888888889,4.768055555555555,6.863833333333334,6.838416666666667,6.747638888888888 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Biomass|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,0.0003888888888888889,0.0007777777777777777,0.001194444444444444,0.001555555555555556,0.001944444444444444,0.002277777777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Coal,TWh/yr,0.001666666666666667,0.001861111111111111,0.001416666666666667,0.001388888888888889,0.001388888888888889,0.001388888888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Coal|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0006944444444444445,0.0006944444444444445,0.0006944444444444445,0.0006944444444444445,0.0006944444444444445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Coal|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,0.001666666666666667,0.001166666666666667,0.0006944444444444445,0.0006944444444444445,0.0006944444444444445,0.0006944444444444445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Electricity,TWh/yr,2.513305555555555,13.09791666666667,42.06097222222222,89.47175,135.9780833333333,181.6676111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Fossil,TWh/yr,10.86327777777778,9.637305555555558,4.598583333333333,1.485305555555556,1.301861111111111,1.063722222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Fossil|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,4.010388888888889,3.003944444444444,2.982333333333333,0.01547222222222223,0.01475,0.01336111111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Fossil|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,6.852888888888889,6.63336111111111,1.61625,1.469833333333333,1.287111111111111,1.050361111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Gas,TWh/yr,10.86161111111111,9.635444444444445,4.597194444444445,1.483916666666667,1.300444444444445,1.062305555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Gas|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,4.010388888888889,3.00325,2.981638888888889,0.01477777777777778,0.01405555555555556,0.01263888888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Gas|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,6.851222222222222,6.632194444444445,1.615555555555555,1.469138888888889,1.286416666666667,1.049666666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids,TWh/yr,1060.050444444444,865.3068888888889,533.7420277777777,295.11475,205.3799722222222,192.6956388888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,22.30841666666666,81.5425,100.8494166666667,113.3639166666667,127.3046388888889,129.6609444444445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Biomass|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.7906666666666666,7.133222222222222,28.22038888888889,58.23738888888889,75.62005555555555,81.69333333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Biomass|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,21.51775,74.4092777777778,72.62902777777778,55.12652777777777,51.68461111111111,47.96763888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Coal,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0015,0.001861111111111111,0.002222222222222222,0.002583333333333334,0.002916666666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Coal|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.00075,0.00075,0.00075,0.00075,0.00075 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Coal|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.00075,0.001111111111111111,0.001472222222222222,0.001833333333333334,0.002194444444444445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Fossil,TWh/yr,1037.606555555556,783.6251388888888,432.7545555555556,179.92875,56.62155555555556,14.11608333333334 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Fossil|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.00075,0.00075,0.00075,0.00075,0.00075 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Fossil|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,1037.606555555556,783.6243888888888,432.7538055555556,179.928,56.62080555555556,14.11533333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Gas,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Gas|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Gas|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.1354722222222222,0.13925,0.1380555555555553,1.822083333333333,21.45377777777778,48.91861111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Oil,TWh/yr,1037.606555555556,783.6236388888885,432.7526944444444,179.9265277777778,56.61894444444444,14.11316666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Solids,TWh/yr,286.94325,91.18472222222222,40.25725,11.5625,5.410388888888889,2.779194444444445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,117.5006666666667,81.24027777777776,39.96858333333333,11.53755555555556,5.389027777777778,2.762722222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,168.1591388888888,9.238249999999999,0.02825,0.02494444444444445,0.02136111111111111,0.01647222222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Bus,million,0.06317886253287,0.074778987335544,0.082233179628343,0.084568291807633,0.08923179413099501,0.09426205005133301 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Bus|BEV,million,0.001369976838757,0.007557646154028001,0.017985650934889,0.020634104374998,0.017491812189035,0.01674704537823 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Bus|FCEV,million,0.0004231342877072892,0.004124469278609,0.022608133931512,0.049073156460268,0.065850062983541,0.076553869700582 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Bus|ICE,million,0.05573146390348201,0.056966694503083,0.036724007882177,0.012323406791213,0.004506952155588001,0.0007125675705224499 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV,million,47.33238898060587,45.547197406206,44.00474958584735,42.34540142792374,41.53901361499411,41.23331469556792 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|BEV,million,4.503917610433692,17.35214920830363,27.72661613193668,32.45654394905829,33.73102860960245,34.718690665388 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|FCEV,million,0.196043965980156,0.277945898223486,0.350382649732892,0.375876475710256,0.40117864546552,0.416815267760775 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|ICE,million,41.07759651596023,25.67669788269785,13.41261738213276,7.343296948456849,5.640742313930178,4.602557729616453 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|PHEV,million,1.554830888231792,2.240404416981036,2.515133422045016,2.169684054698341,1.766064045995966,1.495251032802686 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck,million,3.15675858735943,3.106371717319371,3.06126687384523,3.05429200791332,3.1394015430839,3.15298220489139 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|BEV,million,0.061900564316214,0.419896430771543,1.48924879490934,2.44400951036402,2.70637670827678,2.761075856372971 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|FCEV,million,0.008238357384533001,0.03847509020571301,0.112672942887182,0.210716149549331,0.308174930003432,0.3723099390026131 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|ICE,million,3.05230734351231,2.609821502570551,1.42825444759692,0.385011874876779,0.117601020449633,0.018243514868898 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Truck (0-3.5t),million,2.176197372646031,2.13470417868007,2.10825904549288,2.11081360536897,2.17306236494823,2.180541538231631 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Truck (12t+),million,0.104698818343706,0.105204118501393,0.10335659627648,0.102036190446709,0.105819182787331,0.106981002295773 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Truck (7.5t),million,0.545100033337634,0.540891073416782,0.5334109641931171,0.5348432940960091,0.5516442871978541,0.554395877645538 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Trade|Primary Energy|Biomass|Volume,TWh/yr,22.269,3.753222222222222,7.111722222222222,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Trade|Primary Energy|Coal|Volume,TWh/yr,-126.0279722222222,0.0,0.0,-0.154722222222222,-0.1110833333333333,-0.04547222222222223 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Trade|Primary Energy|Gas|Volume,TWh/yr,-781.4497777777777,-669.4273055555554,-438.5524444444445,-132.4790555555556,-37.42222222222222,-18.25738888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Trade|Primary Energy|Oil|Volume,TWh/yr,-1117.972277777777,-847.2387222222222,-467.8984444444445,-193.0343888888889,-54.86177777777777,-2.72086111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Electricity|Volume,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,-16.94455555555556,-33.88911111111111,-50.83366666666667,-50.83366666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Gases|Hydrogen|Volume,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Volume,TWh/yr,0.0,-50.83366666666667,-101.6673333333333,-152.501,-203.3346666666667,-203.3346666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Liquids|Hydrogen|Volume,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,-33.88911111111111,-67.77822222222223,-101.6673333333333,-101.6673333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Useful Energy|Residential and Commercial,TWh/yr,756.2499444444444,735.4753888888891,699.52875,722.9785555555555,795.7109444444444,817.8049722222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Useful Energy|Residential and Commercial|Electricity|Heat Pumps,TWh/yr,60.42941666666666,88.21625,160.1911388888889,293.0609722222222,360.1838055555556,393.3772222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Useful Energy|Residential and Commercial|Heat,TWh/yr,68.88125,76.86608333333332,80.54769444444447,120.1895555555556,178.0199444444445,184.7228611111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Useful Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space and Water Heating,TWh/yr,591.9081388888889,559.2163888888889,510.45325,536.8988333333333,601.3334444444445,621.9306388888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Useful Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space and Water Heating|Electricity|Heat Pumps,TWh/yr,60.42941666666666,88.21625,160.1911388888889,293.0609722222222,360.1838055555556,393.3772222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Useful Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space and Water Heating|Heat,TWh/yr,68.88125,76.86608333333332,80.54769444444447,120.1895555555556,178.0199444444445,184.7228611111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity,GW/yr,23.98867619999999,31.2555987,31.2299902,25.5927318,18.6635083,15.7681924 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Biomass,GW/yr,1.600000000000001e-05,3.730000000000003e-05,2.800000000000001e-05,2.000000000000001e-05,2.000000000000001e-05,2.000000000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS,GW/yr,8.000000000000005e-06,1.730000000000001e-05,8.000000000000005e-06,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS,GW/yr,8.000000000000005e-06,2.000000000000001e-05,2.000000000000001e-05,2.000000000000001e-05,2.000000000000001e-05,2.000000000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Coal,GW/yr,2.000000000000001e-05,4.200000000000002e-05,3.000000000000002e-05,3.010000000000002e-05,3.030000000000001e-05,3.060000000000002e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Coal|w/ CCS,GW/yr,8.000000000000005e-06,1.200000000000001e-05,0.0,1.000000000000001e-07,3.000000000000002e-07,6.000000000000004e-07 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Coal|w/o CCS,GW/yr,1.200000000000001e-05,3.000000000000002e-05,3.000000000000002e-05,3.000000000000002e-05,3.000000000000002e-05,3.000000000000002e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas,GW/yr,0.6975852999999991,0.3148095,3.000000000000002e-05,3.020000000000002e-05,3.050000000000002e-05,3.110000000000002e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas|CC|w/ CCS,GW/yr,8.000000000000005e-06,1.200000000000001e-05,0.0,2.000000000000001e-07,5.000000000000004e-07,1.100000000000001e-06 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas|CC|w/o CCS,GW/yr,0.0377322,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas|OC,GW/yr,0.4176665000000001,0.3147775,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas|w/ CCS,GW/yr,8.000000000000005e-06,1.200000000000001e-05,0.0,2.000000000000001e-07,5.000000000000004e-07,1.100000000000001e-06 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas|w/o CCS,GW/yr,0.6975772999999991,0.3147975,3.000000000000002e-05,3.000000000000002e-05,3.000000000000002e-05,3.000000000000002e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Geothermal,GW/yr,0.0201597,0.0009478,0.0027014,0.0060659,0.0116359,0.0190053 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Hydro,GW/yr,0.169931,0.1540182,0.1031347,0.047204899999999,0.0112974,1.000000000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Hydrogen,GW/yr,0.9690650999999991,2.817433,3.2189883,1.9931641,0.631963699999999,0.6943986 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Nuclear,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Oil,GW/yr,4.000000000000002e-06,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Oil|w/o CCS,GW/yr,4.000000000000002e-06,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Solar,GW/yr,15.6687625,20.1649859,20.7128135,16.2800029,10.6157313,8.2107002 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Solar|CSP,GW/yr,0.005895699999999999,0.0020438,0.0023765,0.0020164,0.0018988,0.0021927 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Solar|PV,GW/yr,15.6628668,20.1629421,20.710437,16.2779865,10.6138325,8.208507399999998 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Solar|PV|Open Field,GW/yr,15.6628668,20.1629421,20.710437,16.2779865,10.6138325,8.208507399999998 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Wind,GW/yr,7.432197700000001,10.6207479,10.4112426,9.2593678,8.024752999999999,7.5383852 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Wind|Offshore,GW/yr,1.7680313,2.935677099999999,2.7224358,2.4005768,2.0804915,1.9543962 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Wind|Onshore,GW/yr,5.664166399999999,7.685070799999999,7.688806799999999,6.858791,5.944261500000001,5.583989 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Gases|Biomass,GW/yr,1.810000000000001e-05,3.120000000000002e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,0.0004101 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Gases|Hydrogen,GW/yr,8.000000000000005e-06,1.200000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-07,0.0001497,0.0002244,0.0160204 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Solar thermal,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Biomass,GW/yr,0.0131183,0.082857199999999,0.1386841,0.065855299999999,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Biomass|w/ CCS,GW/yr,0.0131083,0.0828472,0.1386741,0.0658453,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Biomass|w/o CCS,GW/yr,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Coal|w/ CCS,GW/yr,8.000000000000005e-06,1.200000000000001e-05,0.0,2.000000000000001e-07,5.000000000000004e-07,1.100000000000001e-06 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Coal|w/o CCS,GW/yr,4.000000000000002e-06,1.000000000000001e-05,0.0005607,0.0012054,0.0007006,0.0002215 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Electricity,GW/yr,0.3253925,0.962194099999999,1.8427885,2.2114352,2.036548899999999,1.5710765 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Gas,GW/yr,0.0466494,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Gas|w/ CCS,GW/yr,0.0466094,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Gas|w/o CCS,GW/yr,4.000000000000002e-05,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Liquids|Biomass,GW/yr,1.5227942,2.136095,0.5648906,0.612188299999999,0.358692,0.1683058 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Liquids|Hydrogen,GW/yr,0.0019421,0.0,0.0,0.1524582,0.4393036,0.4390267 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Liquids|Oil,GW/yr,1.0894062,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity,GW,288.9612197999999,408.9136616,556.5910307,667.64559,725.0463314,736.8065546999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Biomass,GW,7.175616799999999,5.655819699999999,3.5130286,1.5515647,0.0086007,0.00632 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS,GW,0.0,0.0001,0.0001663,0.000166,0.0001649,0.0001621 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS,GW,7.175616799999999,5.6557197,3.512862299999999,1.5513987,0.008435699999999,0.0061579 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Coal,GW,27.5696836,2.472470899999999,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0037841 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Coal|w/ CCS,GW,0.0,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Coal|w/o CCS,GW,27.5696836,2.4723709,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0036841 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas,GW,34.17540810000001,30.4540685,22.3788682,6.2546685,3.1367721,1.2714773 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas|CC|w/ CCS,GW,0.0,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas|CC|w/o CCS,GW,13.136482,12.5229925,10.0742159,0.0109173,0.0083768,0.0050702 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas|OC,GW,8.739633,10.6785175,9.617515299999999,6.239356100000001,3.1246392,1.2634768 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas|w/ CCS,GW,0.0,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas|w/o CCS,GW,34.17540810000001,30.4539685,22.3787682,6.2545685,3.136672099999999,1.2713773 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Geothermal,GW,0.3730588,0.3730588,0.3730588,0.3730588,0.3730588,0.3730588 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Hydro,GW,7.552781799999999,8.110658399999998,8.4498296,8.48017,8.273352,7.971571200000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Hydrogen,GW,0.0,12.1132828,29.1502772,43.70413570000001,46.12504370000001,48.1878705 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Nuclear,GW,0.001,0.0008196000000000002,0.0006148999999999999,0.0004117000000000001,0.0002367,0.0001197 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Oil,GW,1.5901538,0.5262104,0.0001,0.0001491,0.0001952,0.0002339 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Oil|w/o CCS,GW,1.5901538,0.5262104,0.0001,0.0001491,0.0001952,0.0002339 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Other,GW,4.408403300000001,4.4358341,0.0128344,0.009692999999999001,0.006541600000000001,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar,GW,123.1151135,216.0151787,321.0830326,404.5684323999999,445.1337615,448.0067698999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar|CSP,GW,0.0453122,0.0537738,0.0660013,0.0750446,0.08040449999999999,0.0823023 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar|PV,GW,123.0698013,215.9614049,321.0170314,404.4933876999999,445.0533569999999,447.9244676 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar|PV|Rooftop,GW,123.0698013,215.9614049,321.0170314,404.4933876999999,445.0533569999999,447.9244676 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Wind,GW,83.0,128.7562596,171.6292863,202.7032063,221.9886692,230.9853492 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Wind|Offshore,GW,12.0,26.6102172,39.7731296,50.12228270000001,56.97167109999999,60.0550068 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Wind|Onshore,GW,71.0,102.1460424,131.8561567,152.5809236,165.0169981,170.9303424 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Gases,GW,76.33569709999999,68.04116550000002,51.03178149999999,21.3481912,8.836011599999999,6.9021211 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Gases|Biomass,GW,0.3650933,0.3426839,0.2286245,0.1229914,0.0401781,0.0011177 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Gases|Hydrogen,GW,0.0,0.0001001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0019668,0.001958 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat,GW,29.6510978,30.9493483,42.96221380000001,62.2838092,71.27719590000001,73.3402125 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Solar thermal,GW,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen,GW,4.6851524,12.3092784,31.1243932,59.6495034,82.16808639999999,104.1454769 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Biomass,GW,5.000000000000003e-05,0.163953,0.9537327,1.5014057,1.4952677,1.4745075 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Biomass|w/ CCS,GW,0.0,0.163853,0.953583,1.5012069,1.4950219,1.4742184 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Biomass|w/o CCS,GW,5.000000000000003e-05,0.0001,0.0001498,0.0001987,0.0002458,0.0002891 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Coal,GW,0.0002381,0.0002651,0.0002002,0.0002000000000000001,0.0002000000000000001,0.0002000000000000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Coal|w/ CCS,GW,0.0,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Coal|w/o CCS,GW,0.0002381,0.0001651,0.0001002,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Electricity,GW,1.1692154,5.7690871,16.7861397,33.2886205,46.1092354,58.3388209 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Gas,GW,1.3893775,1.2309242,0.591837,0.1942618,0.1651792,0.1349509 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Gas|w/ CCS,GW,0.5203742,0.3897015,0.3869219,0.0079183,0.0020119,0.0018134 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Gas|w/o CCS,GW,0.8690034000000001,0.8412227,0.2049151,0.1863435,0.1631673,0.1331375 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Liquids|Biomass,GW,2.8102174,10.2382915,12.3663302,14.1540823,15.5661712,15.9552553 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Liquids|Hydrogen,GW,0.0161838,0.0161693,0.0160407,0.0155773,1.9201575,4.5488525 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Liquids|Oil,GW,108.4093792,82.67984629999998,47.2044904,19.2183649,4.657281999999999,1.6284108 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS,EUR2020/kW,5185.7138759265,4148.571100741199,3457.142583951,3457.142583951,3457.142583951,3457.142583951 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS,EUR2020/kW,2579.9108116047,2594.538294854101,2609.165778103501,2623.7932613529,2638.4207446023,2653.0482278517 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Coal|w/ CCS,EUR2020/kW,5808.591547331161,5531.106009254279,5253.620471082059,4976.134933005181,4698.649394928301,4421.16385685142 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Coal|w/o CCS,EUR2020/kW,2382.73931998998,2363.93682511014,2345.1343302303,2326.331835350461,2307.52934047062,2288.72684549544 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Gas|w/ CCS,EUR2020/kW,2882.37052510596,2723.09368657368,2563.81684794606,2404.54000931844,2245.26317078616,2085.98633215854 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Gas|w/o CCS,EUR2020/kW,1062.47837844792,1057.71205898484,1052.94573942642,1048.17941996334,1043.41310040492,1038.64678094184 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Geothermal,EUR2020/kW,3149.2900237953,3242.072283271501,3334.8545427477,3427.63680212856,3520.41906160476,3613.20132098562 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Hydro,EUR2020/kW,2593.74772527738,2648.09370989814,2702.439694518901,2756.78567913966,2811.131663760421,2865.47764838118 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Nuclear,EUR2020/kW,7652.8840821174,7508.84754880554,7364.811015493679,7220.774482181819,7076.737948869962,6932.701415558101 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Solar|CSP,EUR2020/kW,4964.373025883041,4183.496027422319,3860.84015369892,3546.572999835601,3204.96745239552,2855.00743875522 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Solar|PV,EUR2020/kW,430.96039445718,274.32638196432,218.11415688636,190.74301001532,173.44467534282,161.92454903058 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Wind|Offshore,EUR2020/kW,3635.72800076976,2899.239123881101,2410.13959733064,2069.90195407884,1814.47464136134,1608.52187534976 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Wind|Onshore,EUR2020/kW,1529.69972980104,1349.9503858638,1214.69164246248,1112.65163702406,1032.23462974968,967.9634119092001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Gases|Biomass|w/o CCS,EUR2020/kW,1287.40297242732,1287.40297242732,1287.40297242732,1287.40297242732,1287.40297242732,1287.40297242732 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Gases|Coal|w/o CCS,EUR2020/kW,1544.88356695092,1544.88356695092,1544.88356695092,1544.88356695092,1544.88356695092,1544.88356695092 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Hydrogen|Biomass|w/ CCS,EUR2020/kW,3282.8775796992,2626.302063759359,2188.58505316458,2188.58505316458,2188.58505316458,2188.58505316458 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Hydrogen|Biomass|w/o CCS,EUR2020/kW,2343.07340987874,1982.6005775457,1802.36416137918,1802.36416137918,1802.36416137918,1802.36416137918 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Hydrogen|Coal|w/ CCS,EUR2020/kW,2398.86087199374,2029.80535324014,1845.27759386334,1845.27759386334,1845.27759386334,1845.27759386334 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Hydrogen|Coal|w/o CCS,EUR2020/kW,1619.98207370286,1619.98207370286,1619.98207370286,1619.98207370286,1619.98207370286,1619.98207370286 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Hydrogen|Electricity,EUR2020/kW,2024.26990063662,1236.62205902214,899.73594712344,717.4076704872,604.30188875238,531.77398532034 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Hydrogen|Gas|w/ CCS,EUR2020/kW,1435.90075121724,1435.90075121724,1435.90075121724,1435.90075121724,1435.90075121724,1435.90075121724 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Hydrogen|Gas|w/o CCS,EUR2020/kW,923.0790543130801,923.0790543130801,923.0790543130801,923.0790543130801,923.0790543130801,923.0790543130801 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Liquids|Biomass|w/ CCS,EUR2020/kW,5103.40095724284,4082.720765813339,3402.26730482856,3402.26730482856,3402.26730482856,3402.26730482856 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Liquids|Biomass|w/o CCS,EUR2020/kW,4505.910403590961,3604.728322853701,3003.94026902886,3003.94026902886,3003.94026902886,3003.94026902886 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Liquids|Coal|w/ CCS,EUR2020/kW,2928.84176227692,2343.07340987874,1952.56117488306,1952.56117488306,1952.56117488306,1952.56117488306 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Liquids|Coal|w/o CCS,EUR2020/kW,1866.73431001008,1866.73431001008,1866.73431001008,1866.73431001008,1866.73431001008,1866.73431001008 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Liquids|Oil,EUR2020/kW,461.5395271565399,461.5395271565399,461.5395271565399,461.5395271565399,461.5395271565399,461.5395271565399 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Carbon Intensity|Electricity,g CO2/kWh,247.2106101416626,81.74436852658295,24.69950386897309,1.155881137893103,-0.9942150953174554,-1.508449514698534 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Carbon Intensity|EndUse,g CO2/kWh,230.0181209047041,200.2142651958402,163.2601703635,73.62443183608687,-21.56588436889011,-37.51858662809887 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture,Mt CO2/yr,1.5110803,5.477115599999999,23.7769602,46.6081471,59.248364,65.0599347 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Storage,Mt CO2/yr,0.4754007,4.441303700000002,23.7413327,46.5735441,55.0,55.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Storage|Biomass,Mt CO2/yr,0.1143367,3.7196801,21.0055522,41.4735422,48.1701899,45.9458669 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Storage|Biomass|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2/yr,0.1143367,3.7196801,20.5264838,40.1364972,46.0344888,43.26686 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Storage|DACCS,Mt CO2/yr,0.0351559,0.091388099999999,0.1095048,0.09479960000000001,0.05211080000000001,0.0052247 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Storage|Fossil,Mt CO2/yr,0.325908,0.6302354,2.5885267,4.6822907,5.739022299999999,7.3777137 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Storage|Fossil|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2/yr,0.325908,0.6302354,0.770530899999999,0.0171895,0.0050535,0.004266799999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Storage|Industrial Processes,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,0.8101978000000001,2.4560217,4.605590299999999,6.3490151 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Storage|Industry,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,2.3348132,6.3250578,8.908346899999998,11.7236484 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Storage|Industry|Biomass,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,0.4790684000000001,1.337045,2.1357011,2.6790069 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Storage|Industry|Fossil,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,1.8179958,4.665101200000001,5.7339688,7.373446899999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Usage,Mt CO2/yr,0.0357796,0.0359119,0.0356276,0.034603,4.248364,10.0599347 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Usage|Synthetic Gases,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0001645,0.0001643,0.0001643,0.0032318,0.0032174 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Usage|Synthetic Liquids,Mt CO2/yr,0.0357796,0.035747399999999,0.0354633,0.0344387,4.2451323,10.0567173 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Biomass,Mt CO2/yr,0.363424,4.5871932,21.0370743,41.50435600000001,51.89099910000001,54.34972920000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Biomass|Energy|Demand|Industry,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,0.4797873,1.3380384,2.300669,3.1690185 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Biomass|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2/yr,0.363424,4.5871932,20.557287,40.16631760000001,49.59033010000001,51.18071070000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Biomass|Energy|Supply|Electricity,Mt CO2/yr,0.035423999999999,0.3046405,1.19931,2.5386003,3.4245159,3.7515209 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Biomass|Energy|Supply|Gases,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.7896368999999991,4.3217911,7.9284965,8.289171399999997,6.6105284 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Biomass|Energy|Supply|Hydrogen,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.676862299999999,3.9391665,6.201352300000001,6.1758025,6.089865100000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Biomass|Energy|Supply|Liquids,Mt CO2/yr,0.328,2.816053499999999,11.0970194,23.4978685,31.7008403,34.72879630000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Biomass|Energy|Supply|Other,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Direct Air Capture,Mt CO2/yr,0.1117445,0.1127019,0.1096692,0.09487000000000001,0.05613600000000001,0.006180400000000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Fossil,Mt CO2/yr,1.0359118,0.7772205,2.5924112,4.685769499999999,6.182321600000001,8.7271557 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Fossil|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2/yr,1.0359118,0.7772205,0.7716872,0.0172023,0.005443900000000001,0.0050472 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Fossil|Energy|Supply|Electricity,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0006814000000000001,0.0006814000000000001,0.0006812000000000001,0.0006806999999999999,0.0006790999999999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Fossil|Energy|Supply|Gases,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Fossil|Energy|Supply|Hydrogen,Mt CO2/yr,1.0359118,0.7761585999999999,0.7706253000000001,0.0161406,0.0043826,0.0039876 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Fossil|Energy|Supply|Liquids,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0003805,0.0003805,0.0003805,0.0003805,0.0003805 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Fossil|Energy|Supply|Other,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Industrial Processes,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,0.8114136,2.457846399999999,4.9613399,7.5103001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Industry,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,2.3383169,6.329757099999999,9.5964542,13.8679964 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Industry|Biomass,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,0.4797873,1.3380384,2.300669,3.1690185 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Industry|Fossil,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,1.820724,4.6685672,6.1768777,8.722108500000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Carbon Sequestration,Mt CO2/yr,30.0365338,34.0376205,54.06017850000001,77.9324685,87.94218450000001,84.0781156 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Carbon Sequestration|BECCS,Mt CO2/yr,0.1143367,3.7196801,21.0055523,41.4735422,48.1701899,45.94586699999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Carbon Sequestration|DACCS,Mt CO2/yr,0.0351559,0.091388099999999,0.1095048,0.09479960000000001,0.05211080000000001,0.0052247 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Carbon Sequestration|Enhanced Weathering,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Carbon Sequestration|Land Use,Mt CO2/yr,28.2861573,28.2861573,28.2861573,28.2861573,28.2861573,28.2861573 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Carbon Sequestration|Other,Mt CO2/yr,1.6008838,1.9403948,4.658963999999999,8.0779694,11.4337265,9.8408665 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Consumption,billion EUR2020/yr,2409.3881392728,2643.02300499552,2904.198154086179,3230.568985327321,3585.8725830627,3951.16381719402 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Cost|Total Energy System Cost,billion EUR2020/yr,162.25572501012,191.9384322261,179.19704723046,148.39861575126,117.69817377066,99.33641931234 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Cumulative Capacity|Electricity|Biomass,GW,4.9111503,4.911283500000001,4.911446600000001,4.9115665,4.911666500000001,4.911766500000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Cumulative Capacity|Electricity|Coal,GW,8.2930792,8.2932342,8.2934143,8.2935646,8.293715599999999,8.293867899999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Cumulative Capacity|Electricity|Gas,GW,33.7406755,36.2716625,37.0587613,37.0589118,37.05906349999999,37.05921739999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Cumulative Capacity|Electricity|Hydro,GW,2.3221709,3.132043899999999,3.7749262,4.150775199999999,4.297030899999999,4.3252994 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Cumulative Capacity|Electricity|Solar|CSP,GW,0.0335448,0.0533935,0.06444409999999999,0.0754264,0.08521429999999999,0.095443 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Cumulative Capacity|Electricity|Solar|PV,GW,114.4474219,204.0119443,306.1953921,398.6664509,465.8959985,512.9518482999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Cumulative Capacity|Electricity|Wind,GW,77.2159789,122.348343,174.9283193000001,224.1048453,267.3151473999999,306.2229929 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Cumulative Capacity|Gases|Biomass,GW,0.072188,0.07231119999999999,0.07241410000000001,0.0724641,0.07251410000000001,0.0735645 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Cumulative Capacity|Hydrogen|Biomass,GW,0.0327957,0.2727344,0.826587899999999,1.3379365,1.5025997,1.5026497 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Cumulative Capacity|Hydrogen|Electricity,GW,1.0271219,4.2460882,11.2585447,21.3941039,32.01406419999999,41.0331276 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Cumulative Capacity|Liquids|Biomass,GW,6.8701738,16.0173969,22.7698608,25.7125581,28.1397589,29.4572533 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Efficiency|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS,%,30.0,31.0,32.0,33.0,34.0,35.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Efficiency|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS,%,41.46277660000001,42.0,43.0,44.0,45.0,46.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Efficiency|Electricity|Coal|w/o CCS,%,44.2638577,44.0,45.0,45.0,46.0,46.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Efficiency|Electricity|Gas|w/ CCS,%,56.5044802,53.0,54.0,55.0,55.0,56.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Efficiency|Electricity|Gas|w/o CCS,%,65.19747709999999,61.0,61.0,62.0,62.0,63.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Efficiency|Gases|Biomass|w/o CCS,%,75.7388462,71.5910769,67.4433077,63.29553850000001,59.1477692,55.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Efficiency|Gases|Coal|w/o CCS,%,59.99333590000001,59.9946687,59.9960015,59.9973344,59.9986672,60.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Efficiency|Hydrogen|Biomass|w/ CCS,%,55.0,55.0,55.0,55.0,55.0,55.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Efficiency|Hydrogen|Biomass|w/o CCS,%,59.0,59.0,59.0,59.0,59.0,59.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Efficiency|Hydrogen|Coal|w/ CCS,%,53.0,53.0,53.0,53.0,53.0,53.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Efficiency|Hydrogen|Coal|w/o CCS,%,57.0,57.0,57.0,57.0,57.0,57.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Efficiency|Hydrogen|Electricity,%,63.0,65.0,67.0,69.0,71.0,73.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Efficiency|Hydrogen|Gas|w/ CCS,%,70.0,70.0,70.0,70.0,70.0,70.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Efficiency|Hydrogen|Gas|w/o CCS,%,73.0,73.0,73.0,73.0,73.0,73.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Efficiency|Liquids|Biomass|w/ CCS,%,41.0,41.0,41.0,41.0,41.0,41.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Efficiency|Liquids|Biomass|w/o CCS,%,41.0,41.0,41.0,41.0,41.0,41.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Efficiency|Liquids|Coal|w/ CCS,%,40.0,40.0,40.0,40.0,40.0,40.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Efficiency|Liquids|Coal|w/o CCS,%,40.0,40.0,40.0,40.0,40.0,40.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Efficiency|Liquids|Oil,%,92.379134,92.10580719999999,91.8324804,91.55915360000002,91.2858268,91.0125 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CH4,Mt CH4/yr,1.7328356,1.4124222,1.2851273,1.2308467,1.2301885,1.2436169 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CH4|AFOLU,Mt CH4/yr,1.1332705,1.1153717,0.9950237,0.9438527999999999,0.9340350000000001,0.9396342000000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CH4|Energy,Mt CH4/yr,0.0145497,0.0013767,0.0001954,2.400000000000001e-06,2.000000000000001e-06,1.500000000000001e-06 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CH4|Energy|Supply,Mt CH4/yr,0.0145497,0.0013767,0.0001954,2.400000000000001e-06,2.000000000000001e-06,1.500000000000001e-06 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2,Mt CO2/yr,586.0184273,347.5856411,152.2203539,-3.1141727,-56.1900278,-60.06051970000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|AFOLU,Mt CO2/yr,-15.7094907,-16.0394907,-19.7794907,-20.3294907,-20.8061573,-20.622824 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|ESR,Mt CO2/yr,275.0981575999999,198.7646134,103.457723,28.2695336,5.353085699999999,2.5790405 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|ETS,Mt CO2/yr,326.6297604,164.8605184,68.54212160000002,-11.0542156,-40.73695620000001,-42.0167362 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy,Mt CO2/yr,582.7789145000002,345.558011,155.2068915,3.4331191,-45.51259,-47.52262200000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy incl Bunkers,Mt CO2/yr,612.4886643,370.7249328,174.0177054,14.1446323,-42.5817741,-46.72242890000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy incl Bunkers|Demand,Mt CO2/yr,378.2199655,265.6469011,146.9422139,40.382544,-2.853552,-8.008434600000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand,Mt CO2/yr,354.9347390999999,243.2433863,129.1219971,29.7881814,-5.7770722,-8.828661199999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers,Mt CO2/yr,29.7097497,25.1669218,18.8108139,10.7115131,2.930815899999999,0.8001931 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers|Aviation,Mt CO2/yr,21.2063533724023,17.8432301704058,13.1863106813671,7.481421469094001,2.03510222107973,0.5505137554190991 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers|Navigation,Mt CO2/yr,8.522146594114481,7.33957480189882,5.636374991299521,3.23685184553498,0.8975633591247981,0.250184352696181 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Residential and Commercial,Mt CO2/yr,103.8923662,80.15575489999999,45.6172069,14.2741963,3.4499387,1.8886492 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation,Mt CO2/yr,133.2940439,89.62902879999999,41.6598882,10.2832871,1.1826159,0.1831945 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2/yr,227.8441755,102.3146247,26.0848944,-26.35506220000001,-39.73551780000001,-38.69396080000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Electricity,Mt CO2/yr,143.9883555,55.8486336,20.7546329,1.1184827,-1.0497931,-1.6320204 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Electricity and Heat,Mt CO2/yr,177.1830246,76.21247409999998,27.3198469,3.2309139,0.2012084,-0.552507 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Heat,Mt CO2/yr,33.1946692,20.3638404,6.565213999999999,2.1124312,1.2510015,1.0795134 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Hydrogen,Mt CO2/yr,2.754133700000001,1.5441288,-3.374845299999999,-5.787595199999999,-5.375743400000001,-4.856242700000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Industry + Processes,Mt CO2/yr,136.7324883,91.61711150000001,58.7473599,19.1076963,-0.2287964999999996,-2.810353800000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Land-Use Change,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,-15.7094907,-16.0394907,-19.7794907,-20.3294907,-20.8061573,-20.622824 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|F-Gases,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,14.907223,12.349007,9.790792,7.232576,4.67436,2.116144 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy,Mt CO2/yr,584.4967402000001,351.2180881,180.9835633,53.29836510000001,14.7802299,9.220496200000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry,Mt CO2/yr,119.3518179,75.39899949999999,47.0950899,14.9594467,3.848704299999999,2.5757532 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2/yr,227.9585122,106.0343049,46.6113782,13.781435,6.298971000000001,4.5728992 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Electricity,Mt CO2/yr,143.9995002,56.09566159999999,21.95214579999999,3.655198299999999,2.129170199999999,1.5394191 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Gases,Mt CO2/yr,8.183361199999998,8.1060622,6.6939239,3.0521645,1.3702642,1.1580905 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Heat,Mt CO2/yr,33.1946692,20.3638404,6.565213999999999,2.1124312,1.2510015,1.0795134 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Hydrogen,Mt CO2/yr,2.754133700000001,2.0929853,0.5584188,0.4091531,0.3572273,0.291973 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Liquids,Mt CO2/yr,23.31411510000001,18.4067896,10.8387635,4.55016,1.1895164,0.5026752999999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Solids,Mt CO2/yr,16.5127329,0.968965699999999,0.002912099999999,0.0023278,0.0017915,0.0012279 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross|Kyoto Gases|Energy|Demand,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,353.0235342999999,244.4226904,134.5945663,40.2014038,9.0651104,5.0455394 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross|Kyoto Gases|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,239.6904794,110.2897721,48.0309295,14.0201319,6.415837199999999,4.6852298 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|HFC,kt HFC134a-equiv/yr,4.945431,4.0854,3.225369,2.365338,1.505308,0.645277 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,683.5024456,426.0450753,217.5865465,57.0629672,1.0420251,-4.763687 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|AFOLU,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,39.93420649999999,37.4890252,26.870469,24.3862642,23.5839809,24.4344801 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Agriculture|ESR,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,50.95468999999999,48.8981575,42.16115210000001,40.22615410000001,39.894528,40.5551607 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Demand|Transport|ESR,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,136.2038736,91.631343,42.87286659999999,11.0849113,1.7737631,0.5611035 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|ESR,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,340.9675441,256.1625921,153.4683444,76.0891553,52.79505290000002,50.6194212 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|ETS,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,338.6481621,168.9426084,69.6180933,-10.4188741,-40.1168406,-41.3785716 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Energy,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,590.9961880999999,349.0523854,156.848824,4.3562897,-44.8118723,-47.012349 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,233.1516193,103.8066849,26.5138486,-26.23351580000001,-39.6259474,-38.5615967 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Fugitive Emissions,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,3.7787624,1.1732599,0.3517858,0.09723770000000001,0.099140299999999,0.1243846 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Fugitive Emissions|ETS,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,3.7787624,1.1732599,0.3517858,0.09723770000000001,0.099140299999999,0.1243846 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Industrial Processes,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,40.60234020000001,33.0975457,27.3402674,21.6233695,15.3657354,10.7120955 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Industry,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,151.9261459,103.7927413,68.1945722,26.7369169,4.948812999999999,-0.1683759 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Industry|ESR,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,37.91174749999999,28.9798297,16.1806278,3.712050099999999,0.720531199999999,0.5071968 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Industry|ETS,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,99.1071754,62.4639046,42.22315240000001,15.7922908,-0.4460782,-2.7917167 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Land-Use Change,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,-11.0204835,-11.4091323,-15.2906832,-15.8398899,-16.3105471,-16.1206806 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Other,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,14.907223,12.349007,9.790792,7.232576,4.67436,2.116144 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Waste|ESR,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,12.0048668,6.4975071,6.636490999999999,6.791843400000001,6.956291900000001,7.107310999999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|N2O,kt N2O/yr,128.5184852,100.2362498,73.93145820000001,69.73908460000001,68.34873779999998,69.2808102 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|N2O|AFOLU,kt N2O/yr,72.5400618,66.67075579999998,53.9641051,52.06896270000001,51.85489879999999,53.7562345 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|PFC,kt CF4-equiv/yr,0.102112,0.09543399999999999,0.088755,0.082077,0.07539900000000001,0.06872 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|SF6,kt SF6/yr,0.202141,0.168146,0.13415,0.100154,0.066159,0.032163 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Energy Service|Residential and Commercial|Floor Space,bn m2/yr,5.272,5.359,5.432,5.503,5.566,5.611 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Freight,bn tkm/yr,604.3808113701957,611.876161469333,607.1598948902204,608.7587903438312,638.5685138363601,667.3030651649844 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Freight|Domestic Navigation,bn tkm/yr,41.5128553993838,42.19393127870111,34.87473542576439,30.2875811994803,29.95884884278519,31.9302236039514 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Freight|International Shipping,bn tkm/yr,1150.40718995334,1066.18586423874,970.533439434868,865.7196592756211,825.5344623764161,871.3598334675061 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Freight|Rail,bn tkm/yr,129.947163732795,144.365886609494,150.981588700223,162.1349096918539,181.395334417382,199.0200478124701 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Freight|Road,bn tkm/yr,432.9207922380169,425.316343581138,421.303570764233,416.3362994524969,427.2143305761929,436.352793748563 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Freight|Road|BEV,bn tkm/yr,8.741188422009488,64.2620396559944,216.864546713012,341.9251494596859,381.944495215129,405.237810558455 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Freight|Road|FCEV,bn tkm/yr,0.555487946615927,2.07902754769307,5.36862560789476,12.0683015370068,21.5040018864329,27.2395860924045 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Freight|Road|ICE,bn tkm/yr,422.146414335404,355.3033569604029,195.0448649263089,59.81544445495439,22.1072710892296,3.54500501481229 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger,bn pkm/yr,1135.003133146157,1139.55623433584,1150.538354498717,1149.763246663761,1190.270707507495,1220.205914426325 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Bicycling and Walking,bn pkm/yr,87.92720721532041,86.2975856224581,84.75277944869899,82.0010624316406,84.5464870881239,86.6496987473269 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Domestic Aviation,bn pkm/yr,7.428984147406198,6.67381058751232,4.842491452854641,3.168151072827371,2.58683035494393,2.45034716466744 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|International Aviation,bn pkm/yr,202.668785726789,192.446347475807,176.9608474857931,159.853884942961,153.325886335991,161.081866631143 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Rail,bn pkm/yr,142.562286304249,158.649471202509,164.289076683382,165.947664058526,179.895806303541,192.558760509808 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Road,bn pkm/yr,897.0846554791815,887.9353669233609,896.654006913781,898.6463691007673,923.2415837608863,938.547108004523 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Road|2W and 3W,bn pkm/yr,13.0037081135498,11.7347312625782,10.3353743798257,9.19376501121989,9.240343511640999,9.462431050055551 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Road|Bus,bn pkm/yr,69.9595951298833,82.64831520541159,89.30854298350569,91.85777818648546,99.0954533800869,105.396959078168 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Road|LDV,bn pkm/yr,915.0522675646179,891.5846373404071,892.0982433789751,888.789653345922,908.6926174689189,919.7998476736823 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Road|LDV|BEV,bn pkm/yr,76.21317554023551,291.2460512123239,545.5424108485009,741.7820083866851,861.2541568832008,898.581914390597 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Road|LDV|FCEV,bn pkm/yr,4.54229134469071,5.93185253762668,8.097082039925112,10.1219437919696,12.1964467951367,13.1767332155946 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Road|LDV|ICE,bn pkm/yr,787.96315752985,532.1705414221522,272.702939355045,96.76205393503501,21.8367661792508,6.736621157546071 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy,TWh/yr,2200.845861111111,1945.902861111111,1655.505527777778,1384.866138888889,1324.763416666667,1282.97475 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy incl Non-Energy Use incl Bunkers,TWh/yr,2620.352722222222,2275.980527777778,1980.110361111111,1684.00975,1613.584833333333,1577.663805555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers,TWh/yr,115.0256666666667,104.3308611111111,91.97197222222219,80.94327777777781,75.78122222222224,77.95638888888888 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation,TWh/yr,82.10298540119226,73.96961265455612,64.47158279998416,56.53420326217278,52.62068475861167,53.63179068095361 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids,TWh/yr,82.10298540119226,73.96961265455612,64.47158279998416,56.53420326217278,52.62068475861167,53.63179068095361 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,2.499556826108294,6.990520423302805,10.95531058811878,17.72225779983069,23.11237140449006,24.90290217016355 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,4.018108993520444,10.7285315393167,21.86904075247089,26.66239543489253 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,79.6034285750839,66.97909223125305,49.49816321834475,28.08341392302556,7.639272601650639,2.066493075897517 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Liquids,TWh/yr,115.0256666666667,104.3308611111111,91.97197222222219,80.94327777777781,75.78122222222224,77.95638888888888 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation,TWh/yr,32.99453070106694,30.42641382534194,27.55782308821296,24.4596352338875,23.20787530089195,24.37329622261058 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids,TWh/yr,32.99453070106694,30.42641382534194,27.55782308821296,24.4596352338875,23.20787530089195,24.37329622261058 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,1.004490933369808,2.875457361757805,4.68275320617503,7.667570007037111,10.19350158447956,11.31727663181758 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,1.717506100883592,4.641720461328695,9.645141887865863,12.11688913772925 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,31.99003976769694,27.55095646358417,21.15756378115433,12.15034476552169,3.369231828546555,0.9391304530637444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Carbon Dioxide Removal,TWh/yr,0.2235,0.2254166666666667,0.2193333333333334,0.1897499999999997,0.1122777777777778,0.01236111111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Carbon Dioxide Removal|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.04469444444444444,0.04508333333333333,0.04386111111111111,0.03794444444444444,0.02244444444444445,0.002472222222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Carbon Dioxide Removal|Gases,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Carbon Dioxide Removal|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0002222222222222224,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0002222222222222224,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Carbon Dioxide Removal|Liquids,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Electricity,TWh/yr,541.3886666666666,612.7496666666666,719.9738611111112,780.6467222222221,830.9527222222222,816.3615277777777 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases,TWh/yr,514.7053888888888,501.9378888888889,370.2830277777778,145.0695833333333,51.66180555555555,37.43447222222223 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,19.10688888888889,25.53338888888889,33.12761111111111,33.29697222222222,22.0455,17.28925 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0005555555555555556,0.0007222222222222222,0.0007777777777777777,0.01511111111111111,0.01505555555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,495.5984722222223,476.4039722222222,337.1546666666667,111.7718611111111,29.60119444444445,20.13016666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Heat,TWh/yr,116.3842222222222,118.2378055555556,144.6345555555556,199.6229722222222,225.9305833333333,231.2988888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,13.22563888888889,29.61527777777778,60.05811111111111,114.2193055555556,147.5431666666667,147.8830833333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry,TWh/yr,1060.321777777777,907.1341388888889,845.5350555555555,773.6076944444447,763.2538888888892,751.9901388888892 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use,TWh/yr,755.8405833333334,681.3873333333333,612.9021944444445,555.4073611111111,550.2137222222221,535.2574722222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals,TWh/yr,143.6358611111111,120.4136388888889,108.5922222222222,91.61405555555558,70.83741666666667,63.24747222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Electricity,TWh/yr,55.23413888888889,51.65702777777778,48.3325,40.96841666666666,30.90236111111111,26.19277777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Gases,TWh/yr,25.13183333333333,11.72222222222222,12.32788888888889,12.79966666666667,10.16288888888889,8.320722222222221 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,5.047694444444445,11.83038888888889,11.14772222222223,8.842888888888888,7.053833333333333,7.452555555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Liquids,TWh/yr,47.36177777777777,45.00299999999999,36.28997222222223,28.86122222222222,22.54477777777779,21.19080555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Solids,TWh/yr,10.86041666666667,0.201,0.4941388888888888,0.1418611111111111,0.1735555555555555,0.09061111111111082 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Electricity,TWh/yr,221.1192777777778,226.4553888888889,230.5081388888889,226.7338888888889,247.3484444444444,240.2815833333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases,TWh/yr,169.9129444444444,207.9327222222222,170.4861111111111,61.86441666666667,21.85530555555556,19.85688888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,6.678194444444444,11.23113888888889,14.87794444444445,14.37722222222222,9.268805555555556,9.141083333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0005555555555555556,0.0,0.0,0.0008055555555555555,0.001194444444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,163.23475,196.7010277777777,155.6081666666667,47.48716666666667,12.58569444444444,10.71458333333334 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Heat,TWh/yr,43.73091666666667,40.05725,65.27799999999999,107.9280555555555,105.2170555555556,101.5135555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,11.55786111111111,27.04783333333333,56.03822222222222,108.2588888888889,139.2025833333333,138.3573055555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids,TWh/yr,107.4329166666667,115.8396388888889,68.69977777777781,42.94955555555556,31.981,32.19063888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,1.294083333333333,11.40077777777778,11.69902777777778,13.14241666666667,13.79986111111111,14.43522222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.07938888888888888,0.02666666666666666,3.905527777777778,7.955805555555555,13.04461111111111,15.76633333333334 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,106.0594444444445,104.4121944444444,53.09525,21.85133333333334,5.13652777777778,1.989083333333334 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals,TWh/yr,67.3561111111111,67.93525,64.45494444444445,62.54808333333333,57.04458333333334,53.46683333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Electricity,TWh/yr,10.43686111111111,10.35069444444444,11.36608333333333,12.57241666666666,18.46027777777778,15.61322222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Gases,TWh/yr,22.009,29.23033333333333,30.08638888888889,32.75136111111111,7.286138888888889,7.471805555555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,1.062111111111111,1.62725,3.385638888888889,6.281138888888886,23.12355555555556,21.77025 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Liquids,TWh/yr,5.649527777777778,21.57872222222223,5.492472222222222,4.800972222222222,4.048611111111111,5.837777777777777 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Solids,TWh/yr,28.19858333333333,5.14825,14.12436111111111,6.142166666666666,4.125972222222222,2.773805555555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids,TWh/yr,202.0866666666666,64.05452777777778,21.89194444444444,7.672583333333334,4.609305555555555,3.057527777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,65.80558333333333,55.46441666666666,21.86816666666667,7.652194444444444,4.59275,3.042 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,136.2811111111111,8.59011111111111,0.02377777777777778,0.02038888888888889,0.01655555555555556,0.0155 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel,TWh/yr,183.5009166666666,166.41225,141.11575,126.2144722222222,126.6280833333333,123.9563888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Electricity,TWh/yr,21.75327777777778,39.02761111111113,46.95994444444445,47.2713611111111,48.31102777777778,47.14330555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Gases,TWh/yr,21.87016666666668,76.52272222222224,68.98933333333333,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,25.16647222222222,78.94308333333333,78.31705555555556,76.81308333333334 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Liquids,TWh/yr,1.07325,0.3584722222222222,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Primary,TWh/yr,166.1127222222222,147.0890833333333,120.3445833333334,104.0458611111111,103.2207777777778,101.2385555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Secondary,TWh/yr,17.38819444444444,19.32316666666667,20.77116666666668,22.16861111111111,23.40733333333334,22.71783333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Solids,TWh/yr,138.8042222222222,50.50347222222222,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries,TWh/yr,361.3476666666667,326.6261944444444,298.7392777777778,275.0307777777778,295.7036388888889,294.5867777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Electricity,TWh/yr,133.695,125.4200833333333,123.8496111111111,125.9216944444445,149.6747777777778,151.3323055555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Gases,TWh/yr,100.9019166666667,90.45747222222222,59.0825,16.31336111111111,4.406277777777778,4.064333333333334 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Heat,TWh/yr,43.73091666666667,40.05725,65.27799999999999,107.9280555555555,105.2170555555556,101.5135555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,5.448055555555555,13.59016666666666,16.33838888888889,14.19175,30.70813888888889,32.32141666666666 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Liquids,TWh/yr,53.34836111111111,48.89944444444445,26.91736111111111,9.28738888888889,5.38761111111111,5.162055555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Solids,TWh/yr,24.22344444444445,8.201805555555556,7.273416666666667,1.388555555555555,0.3097777777777778,0.1930833333333331 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Electricity,TWh/yr,221.1192777777778,226.4553888888889,230.5081388888889,226.7338888888889,247.3484444444444,240.2815833333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases,TWh/yr,261.7162222222223,254.4183611111111,228.8806111111111,128.6756111111111,87.70147222222222,80.77722222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,10.19,13.86716666666667,20.08313888888889,29.91997222222222,37.16769444444444,37.16769444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0007777777777777777,0.0,0.0,0.0008055555555555555,0.001194444444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,251.5209166666666,240.5463888888889,208.7945833333333,98.7541111111111,50.53241666666666,43.60769444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.005277777777777778,0.004027777777777778,0.002888888888888889,0.001527777777777778,0.0005833333333333333,0.0006388888888888888 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Heat,TWh/yr,43.73091666666667,40.05725,65.27799999999999,107.9280555555555,105.2170555555556,101.5135555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,11.55786111111111,27.04783333333333,56.03822222222222,108.2588888888889,139.2025833333333,138.3573055555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids,TWh/yr,280.4391944444444,294.3036944444445,240.5974444444445,193.5981666666667,178.0505555555555,187.3395 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,2.290083333333333,29.69461111111111,41.15644444444444,59.117,76.73622222222222,83.85427777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.1270833333333333,0.02666666666666666,13.37508333333334,35.77588888888889,72.54647222222222,91.68922222222223 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,278.0220277777777,264.5819166666666,186.0651388888889,98.7045,28.76691666666667,11.79486111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0005,0.0007777777777777777,0.0008055555555555555,0.0009722222222222222,0.001138888888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids,TWh/yr,241.7583333333333,64.85158333333334,24.23261111111111,8.413083333333333,5.733722222222222,3.720944444444445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,78.29963888888891,56.15225,24.20616666666667,8.390638888888889,5.713166666666666,3.702083333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,163.4586944444444,8.699333333333335,0.02647222222222222,0.02244444444444445,0.02055555555555556,0.01886111111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids,TWh/yr,769.7377777777778,587.8710277777778,318.8400833333333,132.0225277777778,62.88163888888889,46.66191666666666 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,17.65105555555555,52.51119444444444,52.35222222222222,40.82963888888889,27.23261111111111,21.00438888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.07938888888888888,0.1270833333333333,18.98983333333333,24.55577777777777,25.74666666666666,22.88730555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,752.0073333333333,535.23275,247.4980277777778,66.63713888888888,9.90238888888889,2.770222222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use,TWh/yr,304.4811944444444,225.7467777777778,232.6328611111111,218.2003055555555,213.0401666666667,216.7326666666666 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals,TWh/yr,304.4811944444444,225.7467777777778,232.6328611111111,218.2003055555555,213.0401666666667,216.7326666666666 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Gases,TWh/yr,91.80327777777778,46.48563888888889,58.39452777777778,66.81119444444444,65.84616666666666,60.92036111111114 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Liquids,TWh/yr,173.0062777777778,178.4640833333333,171.8976388888889,150.6486111111111,146.0695555555556,155.1488611111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Solids,TWh/yr,39.67163888888889,0.7970833333333333,2.340666666666666,0.7404999999999999,1.124444444444444,0.6634444444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Gases,TWh/yr,91.80327777777778,46.48563888888889,58.39452777777778,66.81119444444444,65.84616666666666,60.92036111111114 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,3.511805555555556,2.636027777777778,5.205222222222223,15.54275,27.89891666666666,28.02661111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0002222222222222224,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,88.29147222222223,43.84941666666666,53.18930555555556,51.26847222222221,37.94727777777778,32.89375 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Liquids,TWh/yr,173.0062777777778,178.4640833333333,171.8976388888889,150.6486111111111,146.0695555555556,155.1488611111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.996,18.29383333333333,29.45744444444444,45.97458333333334,62.93636111111111,69.41908333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.04769444444444444,0.0,9.469555555555557,27.82005555555555,59.50183333333334,75.9228888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,171.9625833333333,160.1702222222222,132.9706666666667,76.85397222222223,23.63136111111111,9.806916666666668 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Solids,TWh/yr,39.67163888888889,0.7970833333333333,2.340666666666666,0.7404999999999999,1.124444444444444,0.6634444444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial,TWh/yr,881.7401111111111,806.4901388888889,693.0928055555556,564.0824722222222,543.6951666666666,529.2268888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Appliances and Lighting,TWh/yr,208.7139166666666,218.7249166666666,232.6540277777778,222.2296666666667,225.0973611111111,221.8905555555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Appliances and Lighting|Electricity,TWh/yr,208.7139166666666,218.7249166666666,232.6540277777778,222.2296666666667,225.0973611111111,221.8905555555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Electricity,TWh/yr,278.7644166666666,302.7678055555555,346.5774722222222,371.8384166666667,388.9490277777778,379.2603055555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases,TWh/yr,343.0136111111111,291.9216944444445,197.621,81.80850000000004,29.13163888888889,17.47219444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,12.36205555555556,14.1955,18.05458333333334,18.59788888888889,12.48983333333333,8.09961111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0005,0.0007777777777777777,0.01425,0.01383333333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,330.6515833333333,277.7261944444444,179.5659166666667,63.20983333333333,16.62758333333334,9.358749999999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Heat,TWh/yr,72.47475,78.00022222222225,79.18108333333333,91.54311111111112,120.6239166666667,129.7754166666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids,TWh/yr,144.1698333333333,102.36375,49.88930555555555,13.28,3.806333333333333,2.441611111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,1.455833333333333,9.037722222222223,8.580499999999997,4.107305555555556,1.65175,1.106916666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.1003888888888889,3.026805555555555,2.491388888888889,1.562027777777778,1.20075 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,142.714,93.22563888888885,38.28197222222222,6.681305555555555,0.5925555555555555,0.1339444444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Non-Heating|Electricity,TWh/yr,208.7139166666666,218.7249166666666,232.6540277777778,222.2296666666667,225.0973611111111,221.8905555555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Solids,TWh/yr,43.31747222222222,31.43666666666666,19.82394444444445,5.612416666666666,1.184222222222222,0.2773611111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,40.65888888888889,29.50727777777778,19.81541666666667,5.604055555555556,1.178527777777778,0.2761111111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,2.658555555555556,1.929388888888889,0.008527777777777778,0.00836111111111111,0.005722222222222222,0.00125 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Electricity|Heat Pumps,TWh/yr,19.02258333333333,26.50116666666667,42.43663888888889,68.56227777777778,77.11177777777777,78.79930555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Electricity|Resistive,TWh/yr,51.02791666666667,57.54172222222223,71.48680555555556,81.0465,86.73991666666666,78.57044444444443 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Gases,TWh/yr,330.6446388888889,277.7215277777778,179.5634444444445,63.2088611111111,16.62738888888889,9.358611111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Heat,TWh/yr,72.47475,78.00022222222225,79.18108333333333,91.54311111111112,120.6239166666667,129.7754166666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0005,0.0007777777777777777,0.01425,0.01383333333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Liquids,TWh/yr,144.1698333333333,102.36375,49.88930555555555,13.28,3.806333333333333,2.441611111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Solids,TWh/yr,43.31747222222222,31.43666666666666,19.82394444444445,5.612416666666666,1.184222222222222,0.2773611111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space and Water Heating,TWh/yr,673.0261944444444,587.7652222222222,460.4387777777778,341.8528055555556,318.5978333333333,307.3363333333334 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Solids,TWh/yr,245.4041388888889,95.49116666666666,41.71588888888889,13.285,5.793527777777777,3.334861111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,106.4644722222222,84.97169444444444,41.68358333333333,13.25625,5.771277777777777,3.318111111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Solids|Biomass|Traditional,TWh/yr,1.283444444444444,0.7061944444444445,0.2604166666666664,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,138.9396666666666,10.5195,0.03230555555555555,0.02875,0.02225,0.01675 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation,TWh/yr,563.0416944444445,457.7999722222222,349.2911944444444,265.1865555555556,230.7422777777778,218.4780277777777 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus,TWh/yr,11.40310258389967,11.85367423175551,9.352249979729944,6.428272020607917,5.450399398214805,4.332985277360972 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.1462089487498855,0.7931785248815832,2.026214206998953,2.989477428363056,3.406752538685556,3.757237951112833 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Gases,TWh/yr,0.490108321262825,0.4987697758481222,0.3817565315688472,0.2433896928833605,0.1898344448546817,0.04043366721618472 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.005211157395101944,0.02315197739268444,0.06690138275876471,0.1227757021989425,0.1735502956589778,0.2191582476429597 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Liquids,TWh/yr,10.76157415649186,10.53857395363311,6.877377858403361,3.072629197162555,1.680262119015606,0.3161554113889944 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation,TWh/yr,5.695286998236333,4.854119413606555,3.338572048844111,2.120110656922344,1.679878276145119,1.543597737591411 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,7.092894158835089e-07,1.395211513276448e-06,2.63915034127063e-05,8.840954219421673e-05,0.0001561237272200131,0.0002033528556124168 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Liquids,TWh/yr,5.695286288946917,4.854118018395059,3.338545657340695,2.120022247380152,1.6797221524179,1.543394384735799 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation,TWh/yr,4.444653674290972,4.495031942306194,3.696666409002333,3.194495113247861,3.144055774649028,3.334138532271111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Liquids,TWh/yr,4.444653674290972,4.495031942306194,3.696666409002333,3.194495113247861,3.144055774649028,3.334138532271111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Electricity,TWh/yr,41.46025,83.48141666666663,142.8443611111111,182.0364722222222,194.6327777777778,196.8171666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases,TWh/yr,1.778833333333333,2.083499999999999,2.175916666666666,1.396694444444444,0.6748611111111111,0.1054166666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.06666666666666667,0.10675,0.1950833333333333,0.3218333333333334,0.2868888888888889,0.04855555555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0002500000000000002,0.0,8.333333333333338e-05,2.777777777777781e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,1.712166666666667,1.97675,1.980583333333334,1.074861111111111,0.3878888888888889,0.05683333333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,1.667555555555556,2.567444444444444,4.019888888888889,5.960416666666666,8.340333333333334,9.52577777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV,TWh/yr,337.5996994079583,262.1968737246734,194.6518700083622,140.6593565895669,113.0982070593022,105.0620815812928 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Electricity,TWh/yr,19.64258680639861,48.05700126290888,76.95684132737277,92.9249205781339,99.24106500406499,99.70413744815389 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Gases,TWh/yr,0.9911228358246058,1.204026649096178,1.484949880054694,0.9915234220595469,0.396298354891425,0.04904036151829195 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,1.372825292067773,1.589536086540086,2.00164671525846,2.377347385930455,2.772668803437238,2.934827677643556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Liquids,TWh/yr,315.5931644736667,211.3463097261281,114.2084320856761,44.36556520344308,10.68817489690858,2.374076093977028 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids,TWh/yr,518.1350277777777,369.6676388888889,200.251,75.79297222222222,27.09430555555556,12.02966666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,14.90113888888889,32.07269444444444,32.07269444444444,23.57991666666667,11.78097222222222,5.46225 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,12.0575,14.10855555555555,11.14002777777778,5.920222222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,503.2339166666667,337.5949444444444,156.1208055555556,38.10447222222222,4.173277777777778,0.6471944444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail,TWh/yr,24.07671848491204,26.52302025535072,27.07975998078864,27.51113126031839,29.792193069485,31.91477234724833 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Electricity,TWh/yr,19.84671788285578,22.174378740919,23.25502752880078,24.13612827795194,26.58841991917548,28.78262863089183 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Freight,TWh/yr,8.47989674622336,9.272398770688055,9.415430424101249,9.848930741946969,10.79847075681003,11.69866081785128 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Liquids,TWh/yr,4.230000602056261,4.348641514431709,3.82473245198788,3.375002982366461,3.203773150309488,3.132143716356514 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Passenger,TWh/yr,15.59682173868867,17.25062148466264,17.66432955668739,17.66220051837142,18.99372231267495,20.21611152939703 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck,TWh/yr,180.0463172446722,147.9641814320598,111.1983732784859,85.34514010233444,77.68318481206086,72.34843732938143 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Electricity,TWh/yr,1.909430250143731,12.6135560365813,40.81014953433833,62.15849236165611,65.55327698917972,64.90402311608861 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Gases,TWh/yr,0.3033010913892639,0.3872624549143389,0.3150021671196195,0.1645400054728947,0.08930783427212695,0.01591328050905611 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.2943549072027247,0.9608453863073253,1.957851454933156,3.465749898465138,5.400676712291336,6.392945065905 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Liquids,TWh/yr,177.5392309959364,134.002517554257,68.11537012209472,19.55635783674016,6.639923276317584,1.035555866878711 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,GDP|MER,billion EUR2020/yr,3630.924233661481,3789.41230187352,3957.0775240017,4129.379622474961,4352.60234339658,4575.460867615679 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,GDP|PPP,billion EUR2020/yr,4315.504133597579,4503.87377987568,4703.150854341659,4907.939048927041,5173.24851634332,5438.12512099626 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation,billion EUR2020/yr,202.3807133709721,207.4798931974527,225.0097589653815,233.6120208112996,240.9894971941389,243.8184875323954 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Bus,billion EUR2020/yr,0.6766758174809041,0.9337745749588781,1.160095756018853,1.274730907186929,1.430163380701607,1.583659356404523 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Bus|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.06532682308731,0.329407055304109,0.7502018183378111,1.066009977469258,1.286792128531788,1.514703704342035 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Bus|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.001154805547277,0.004739293094599,0.012375689476951,0.023086593127795,0.035598916490342,0.04815731605779 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Bus|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,0.556131994270593,0.544610428868557,0.355407830455556,0.158786749723747,0.086832267560565,0.016338219472883 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Domestic Navigation,billion EUR2020/yr,0.011621075554161,0.011811735391349,0.009762805555413001,0.008478681268385,0.008386656195248001,0.008938521269926001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV,billion EUR2020/yr,134.8268612804907,132.1108414469381,135.5586413806508,135.3385482708299,135.4638086940502,133.4846321384081 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,12.36757292255112,44.89998304005351,85.45866470772819,113.7602552891496,127.9226531495153,129.5635521174614 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,1.141514470535904,1.318965443176316,1.684489854710415,1.975310823967289,2.240610344635554,2.324608192250375 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,114.8595492606484,77.52372396974815,39.91104937351896,14.5136345506175,3.646390301265194,1.434389734463094 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|PHEV,billion EUR2020/yr,5.085347949031633,6.742427658415957,6.565750240312815,3.812129849273556,1.145586751795632,0.095605085945829 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Rail,billion EUR2020/yr,8.201965731948365,9.129707892722417,9.605010537361721,9.85949926142223,10.86867707636931,11.8236490686513 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck,billion EUR2020/yr,56.51791738462548,62.97596912753932,76.33648921967894,84.68970068185774,90.5246066210428,93.97901014722406 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,2.622204826970509,15.98495761513994,48.38134295805278,73.86067526546883,83.17532157361815,87.92681342398225 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.29736368353136,0.9608422127570341,1.819675383445815,2.971560515158461,4.565251324382386,5.598512619881634 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,53.08873375856666,45.32487073708926,25.48593523111261,7.511841054241938,2.585454077858356,0.414994747797031 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply,billion EUR2020/yr,58.68265837812,82.80427053486001,77.66729937456,57.71833327218,37.48036188372001,28.03887543408 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|CO2 Transport and Storage,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1081956456,0.8872856189399999,1.46655620454,0.8169737990400001,0.4875123187200001,0.14380094064 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|DACCS,billion EUR2020/yr,0.10711410864,0.0086907177,0.00204447096,0.0020383692,0.00203245812,0.00202664238 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity,billion EUR2020/yr,49.12991748966,64.54651981302001,56.27234638662001,40.42462449647999,25.9091135961,20.66693798736 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Biomass,billion EUR2020/yr,0.224301651,0.00015197196,0.00010544604,7.360248000000005e-05,7.255374000000003e-05,7.140966000000005e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,3.708726000000002e-05,7.608132000000007e-05,3.069948000000003e-05,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,0.22426456374,7.589064000000005e-05,7.474656000000004e-05,7.360248000000005e-05,7.255374000000003e-05,7.140966000000005e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Coal,billion EUR2020/yr,0.00013290396,0.00016036188,8.599668000000007e-05,8.590134000000005e-05,8.647338000000005e-05,8.752212000000006e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Coal|w/ CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,4.938612000000003e-05,7.417452000000006e-05,1.906800000000001e-07,5.720400000000003e-07,1.430100000000001e-06,2.955540000000002e-06 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Coal|w/o CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,8.351784000000007e-05,8.618736000000006e-05,8.580600000000007e-05,8.542464000000007e-05,8.494794000000006e-05,8.456658000000007e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Electricity Storage,billion EUR2020/yr,4.658440346279999,7.356838355580001,6.37148076894,3.54748012752,1.58529950502,2.94744601536 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Fossil,billion EUR2020/yr,0.8440319584200001,0.3082733094,0.03272497830000001,0.0001244187000000001,0.0001254674400000001,0.0001275649200000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Gas,billion EUR2020/yr,0.8438968616400001,0.3081074178,0.03263345190000001,3.298764000000003e-05,3.346434000000003e-05,3.451308000000002e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Gas|w/ CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,2.431170000000001e-05,3.651522000000001e-05,9.534000000000008e-08,4.767000000000003e-07,1.14408e-06,2.383500000000001e-06 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Gas|w/o CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,0.843872549939999,0.30807090258,0.03263335656,3.251094000000002e-05,3.232026000000002e-05,3.212958000000002e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Geothermal,billion EUR2020/yr,0.07206121355999999,0.0052322592,0.01024275756,0.0236076141,0.04647310164,0.0777778953 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Hydro,billion EUR2020/yr,0.51901027122,0.46912943196,0.3539330655,0.20323179702,0.06916926534000001,0.006216740040000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Hydrogen,billion EUR2020/yr,0.67903398024,1.81492885056,1.87964869344,1.16385895038,0.3690195717600001,0.40547692038 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Non-Biomass Renewables,billion EUR2020/yr,26.07762695076,29.94000337146,22.27198946154,17.3083329783,13.00903631454,11.04047105826 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Non-fossil,billion EUR2020/yr,26.980962582,31.75508419398,24.15174360102,18.47226553116,13.37812844004,11.4460193883 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Nuclear,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Oil,billion EUR2020/yr,2.192820000000001e-06,5.529720000000003e-06,5.529720000000003e-06,5.529720000000003e-06,5.529720000000003e-06,5.529720000000003e-06 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Oil|w/ CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Oil|w/o CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,2.192820000000001e-06,5.529720000000003e-06,5.529720000000003e-06,5.529720000000003e-06,5.529720000000003e-06,5.529720000000003e-06 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Solar,billion EUR2020/yr,7.39685941806,5.716028851679999,4.842501366780001,3.41865957972,2.08892476044,1.49690397528 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Transmission and Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,12.12627105102,16.84041264822,17.03728050024,13.35432547428,9.03996613926,5.29229556072 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Wind,billion EUR2020/yr,18.08969604792,23.74961282862,17.0653122717,13.66283398746,10.80446918712,9.459572447640001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Wind Offshore,billion EUR2020/yr,8.3487345501,12.08483152002,6.955067873039999,5.3331422676,4.071243383760001,3.49181043414 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Wind Onshore,billion EUR2020/yr,9.740961497819999,11.6647813086,10.11024430332,8.329691719859998,6.733225898699999,5.9677620135 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Energiewende,billion EUR2020/yr,49.62122996544,68.15793809075998,62.87577764874,48.10174919214001,31.85877750342,24.1499609337 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Gases|Transmission and Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,0.24902626854,0.13111404684,0.15420568086,0.11196281502,0.02402682408,0.02032286508 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat,billion EUR2020/yr,2.66147120652,6.280958966519999,8.7625387521,7.48236128346,4.017531211260001,2.3126313945 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat|Heatpump,billion EUR2020/yr,2.146751712,5.35748476242,6.87348991602,5.383413524160001,2.86790852502,1.81443994704 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat|Renewable,billion EUR2020/yr,2.14675419084,5.357491054860001,6.873496208460001,5.383419816600001,2.86791481746,1.81514336556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat|Transmission and Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,0.51471263004,0.9234570429000001,1.88903157954,2.09893050276,1.14960552504,0.4957745784599991 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen,billion EUR2020/yr,1.67363678202,3.29869611792,4.681068818580002,4.325348890800002,2.53819858866,1.1714487771 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen|Biomass,billion EUR2020/yr,0.05461161006,0.37886790774,0.563561699819999,0.2438616054,0.10007391702,2.011674000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen|Electrolysis,billion EUR2020/yr,0.91782016074,1.79901298164,2.16997663134,1.81531049658,1.3199770563,1.03032059802 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen|Fossil,billion EUR2020/yr,0.13951254744,0.04191747042,0.00102652578,0.00219396408,0.00127889076,0.0004136802600000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen|Transmission and Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,0.5616923684399999,1.07889775812,1.94650405698,2.263982729399999,1.11686862924,0.14069438208 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Liquids,billion EUR2020/yr,1.89259700952,3.42177510024,3.72708219156,3.0190578915,2.448508723080001,1.4759857119 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Liquids|Biomass,billion EUR2020/yr,1.2209054487,3.27443904774,3.7270560684,2.73269914848,1.81813122582,1.04754720126 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Liquids|Coal and Gas,billion EUR2020/yr,3.756396000000003e-05,6.473586000000006e-05,2.097480000000001e-05,2.126082000000001e-05,2.192820000000001e-05,2.316762000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Liquids|Hydrogen,billion EUR2020/yr,0.00271185096,2.183286000000001e-05,0.0,0.28633233384,0.630350420699999,0.42841019466 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Liquids|Oil,billion EUR2020/yr,0.66894205056,0.14724948378,5.148360000000004e-06,5.148360000000004e-06,5.148360000000004e-06,5.148360000000004e-06 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Population,million,83.526344,83.05420470000001,82.46198150000001,81.92754460000002,81.46169060000003,80.9964458 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Price|Carbon,EUR2020/t CO2,79.93991914524001,134.34776302752,380.17840351932,626.00904401112,871.83968459826,871.83968459826 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Price|Carbon|ETS,EUR2020/t CO2,79.93991914524001,134.34776302752,380.17840351932,626.00904401112,871.83968459826,871.83968459826 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Price|Primary Energy|Biomass,EUR2020/GJ,24.9691374681,8.39024186784,10.34659864644,24.4222157445,40.85088162792,47.50785516666001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Price|Primary Energy|Coal,EUR2020/GJ,2.433019977359999,2.11087059834,1.917715857959999,1.77956819796,1.5743799288,1.54910090916 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Price|Primary Energy|Gas,EUR2020/GJ,6.37504047852,6.69404754648,6.647386148340003,6.362926959479999,5.99191239822,5.646214515899999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Price|Primary Energy|Oil,EUR2020/GJ,11.56580036934,11.62220017644,11.46361019034,11.6665865715,12.28037652954,12.56019389982 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy,TWh/yr,3169.062361111111,2648.242555555555,2273.671138888889,1938.467472222222,1812.013777777778,1796.403611111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass,TWh/yr,284.2489444444444,305.5575555555556,296.9603333333333,305.5575555555556,305.5575555555556,305.5575555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Electricity,TWh/yr,96.45024999999998,76.41383333333334,52.39147222222222,33.07211111111111,17.18908333333333,18.78933333333334 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Electricity|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.1766666666666667,1.518638888888889,5.979861111111111,12.65866666666667,17.07655555555555,18.70730555555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Electricity|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,96.27358333333333,74.89519444444447,46.41161111111111,20.41344444444444,0.1125,0.08202777777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Energy Crops,TWh/yr,11.48058333333334,0.0,0.0,0.0,3.53175,6.024916666666666 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Gases,TWh/yr,3.842638888888889,8.18825,26.63352777777778,45.45180555555555,46.4415,36.62097222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Heat,TWh/yr,37.81913888888889,34.48022222222222,21.50161111111111,9.584277777777782,0.05869444444444444,0.03947222222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0006666666666666666,2.350083333333333,13.67116666666667,21.52177777777778,21.43375,21.13611111111112 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Liquids,TWh/yr,24.20691666666667,95.86580555555555,137.1646944444444,181.3522222222222,213.2187499999999,224.7840833333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,1.812333333333334,22.28305555555555,98.91916666666665,195.2603333333333,242.4935555555556,249.6307222222223 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,282.4366111111111,283.2745,198.0411666666667,110.2972222222222,63.06399999999999,55.92683333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal,TWh/yr,524.8843055555556,92.15666666666667,0.231,0.1796388888888886,0.1305,0.08566666666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Electricity,TWh/yr,291.1225,57.63780555555556,0.1305555555555555,0.09794444444444445,0.06583333333333333,0.03722222222222223 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Electricity|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.001694444444444445,0.001694444444444445,0.001694444444444445,0.001666666666666667,0.001666666666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Electricity|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,291.1225,57.63611111111111,0.1288611111111111,0.09624999999999999,0.06413888888888888,0.03555555555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Gases,TWh/yr,0.02097222222222223,0.01494444444444445,0.009277777777777777,0.004333333333333333,0.001305555555555556,0.001305555555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Heat,TWh/yr,42.38452777777778,22.48033333333333,0.04527777777777778,0.03769444444444444,0.02908333333333333,0.01986111111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.002694444444444445,0.003138888888888889,0.002388888888888889,0.002388888888888889,0.002388888888888889,0.002388888888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Liquids,TWh/yr,0.0,0.003722222222222222,0.004638888888888889,0.003722222222222222,0.003722222222222222,0.003722222222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Solids,TWh/yr,191.3536111111111,12.01675,0.03883333333333334,0.03358333333333333,0.02813888888888889,0.02116666666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.004805555555555555,0.004805555555555555,0.004805555555555555,0.004805555555555555,0.004777777777777777 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,524.8843055555556,92.1518611111111,0.2261944444444444,0.1748611111111111,0.1256944444444444,0.08088888888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Fossil,TWh/yr,2535.148944444445,1715.131555555555,1017.893833333333,377.4102222222222,123.7103333333333,74.61736111111114 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Fossil|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,5.860888888888889,4.394944444444445,4.363638888888889,0.09497222222222221,0.02844444444444445,0.02619444444444445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Fossil|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,2529.288055555556,1710.736611111111,1013.530194444444,377.31525,123.6818888888889,74.59116666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas,TWh/yr,881.5540555555555,761.7153333333333,525.8794166666667,176.4123888888889,74.76777777777777,57.41213888888888 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Electricity,TWh/yr,158.1645833333333,139.7116666666666,90.80152777777776,6.918749999999999,3.611083333333333,1.532583333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Electricity|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.001,0.001,0.001,0.001,0.001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Electricity|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,158.1645833333333,139.7106944444444,90.80055555555559,6.91775,3.610083333333333,1.531583333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Gases,TWh/yr,598.9403055555556,533.7255555555555,400.526,167.3361666666666,69.33008333333333,54.39127777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Heat,TWh/yr,109.203,74.80374999999997,27.98094444444444,0.05577777777777778,0.04175,0.02997222222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,15.24613888888889,13.47436111111111,6.570916666666666,2.101694444444444,1.784861111111111,1.458305555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Hydrogen|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,5.860888888888889,4.389138888888889,4.357833333333334,0.08919444444444444,0.02266666666666667,0.02041666666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Hydrogen|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,9.385250000000001,9.085194444444443,2.213083333333333,2.0125,1.762194444444445,1.437888888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Liquids,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,5.860888888888889,4.390138888888889,4.358833333333333,0.09016666666666666,0.02363888888888889,0.02141666666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,875.6931388888888,757.3251944444444,521.5205555555556,176.3222222222222,74.74411111111114,57.39072222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Geothermal,TWh/yr,11.39197222222223,51.52002777777778,133.1212222222222,217.7485277777778,252.4749444444445,259.7243055555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Hydro,TWh/yr,22.96919444444444,24.19094444444444,24.93372222222222,25.00016666666667,24.54725,23.88633333333334 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Nuclear,TWh/yr,0.007,0.00575,0.004305555555555556,0.002888888888888889,0.001666666666666667,0.0008333333333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Oil,TWh/yr,1128.710583333333,861.2595555555555,491.7834444444444,200.8181944444445,48.81205555555555,17.11955555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Oil|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,1128.710583333333,861.2595555555555,491.7834444444444,200.8181944444445,48.81205555555555,17.11955555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Solar,TWh/yr,122.4728333333333,218.3964444444444,329.7343333333333,422.1386388888889,463.6091666666666,466.5465555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Wind,TWh/yr,192.8234444444444,333.4402777777778,471.0233888888889,590.6094444444444,642.1128888888886,666.0706388888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Production|Non-Metallic Minerals|Cement,Mt/yr,31.27763,35.4432,36.14307,37.09785,38.05145999999999,38.89553000000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Production|Steel,Mt/yr,38.18185,43.05447999999999,44.03038,45.08397,47.06158,47.16435000000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Production|Steel|Primary,Mt/yr,26.91818,29.83218,29.05294,28.28043,28.45625,28.275 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Production|Steel|Secondary,Mt/yr,11.26367,13.2223,14.97744,16.80354,18.60533,18.88935 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Bus,million,0.010208489046699,0.012831045589914,0.013369092860268,0.01274972769823,0.014178729632974,0.015542688175444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Bus|BEV,million,0.001014302881477,0.005073018441756,0.011586204160473,0.011979583871659,0.013618541777796,0.014978252580823 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Bus|FCEV,million,1.773332381159681e-05,6.394898585406664e-05,0.000211245885357621,0.000299655991103509,0.000412832913886806,0.0004949752753012819 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Bus|ICE,million,0.008639911594309001,0.007260110944153001,0.00147417910724,0.000434964194538558,0.000134880246526838,5.203118257120612e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV,million,3.541191595429526,3.448815626426051,3.388751697507049,3.567812918066308,3.676051012985544,3.488479255461138 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|BEV,million,1.497326559655832,2.518040263659262,3.305041434009536,3.522902308582265,3.627522346607686,3.441496421235813 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|FCEV,million,0.018014605626216,0.025683960568769,0.036014140690129,0.03993073534583901,0.04368511944144,0.042489684658349 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|ICE,million,1.879040624289964,0.708793203932211,0.029344208393426,0.002919769789844,0.002827267200463,0.002607754106157 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|PHEV,million,0.146809805857513,0.196298198265809,0.018351914413957,0.002060104348359,0.002016279735953,0.001885395460818 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck,million,0.4695019421925261,0.462151976485715,0.464455375996763,0.4608497908470011,0.475696501284197,0.4858188410163131 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|BEV,million,0.025477208299858,0.152513346421002,0.418020179074265,0.444675140086131,0.462674558724278,0.472240206697068 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|FCEV,million,0.002342081637713,0.005082620455657,0.00691401130506,0.008927354133278,0.011223729507416,0.0128353232346 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|ICE,million,0.439424407096239,0.303023924476123,0.039306181771295,0.007203274869585,0.001786279942228,0.0006844004853047558 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.322598113025104,0.317546088737161,0.319050351537614,0.316469197552928,0.326309164645061,0.332796585123287 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Truck (12t+),million,0.015750750628259,0.015815045222197,0.015332390691416,0.01530075739364,0.015872878748458,0.016254233730658 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Truck (7.5t),million,0.081876876965963,0.080342157430354,0.080881612909592,0.08038870242094101,0.083030454665814,0.08478401120129701 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy,TWh/yr,2685.671472222222,2351.097555555556,2061.831166666666,1781.29225,1713.743055555555,1750.977111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Electricity|Heat,TWh/yr,2.584249999999999,14.62266666666667,39.10302777777778,64.49122222222222,74.90913888888889,77.08394444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Electricity|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,3.892083333333333,19.20413888888889,55.87769444444444,110.8111666666667,153.4884166666666,194.1982777777777 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Hydrogen|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.0,19.10022222222223,40.21863888888889,51.6845,54.54747222222223,56.98697222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Hydrogen|Gases,TWh/yr,0.0,0.001,0.0009722222222222222,0.0009722222222222222,0.01938888888888889,0.01930555555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Hydrogen|Liquids,TWh/yr,0.1822777777777778,0.1821111111111111,0.1806666666666667,0.1754444444444442,21.62647222222222,51.23308333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity,TWh/yr,582.4521666666667,683.2107777777775,840.2854166666667,967.6450833333333,1055.901388888889,1081.919138888888 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Biomass,TWh/yr,37.03591666666667,29.68733333333333,20.71891666666667,13.69441666666667,7.800888888888889,8.530055555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.08025,0.6895555555555556,2.716,5.750055555555555,7.757027777777777,8.49783333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,36.95566666666667,28.99777777777778,18.00291666666666,7.944388888888888,0.04386111111111111,0.03222222222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Coal,TWh/yr,97.2395,7.417916666666667,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.01677777777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Coal|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0006111111111111111,0.0006111111111111111,0.0006111111111111111,0.0006111111111111111,0.0006111111111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Coal|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,97.2395,7.417333333333334,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.01616666666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Curtailment,TWh/yr,14.6045,48.92944444444444,84.29008333333333,109.3668055555556,107.3951111111111,108.4019444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Fossil,TWh/yr,218.9708611111111,116.3074722222222,59.93930555555558,2.941833333333333,1.500722222222222,0.6259444444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Fossil|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.001111111111111111,0.001111111111111111,0.001111111111111111,0.001111111111111111,0.001111111111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Fossil|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,218.9708611111111,116.3063611111111,59.93819444444444,2.940694444444444,1.499611111111111,0.6248055555555553 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas,TWh/yr,102.2103611111111,90.83786111111114,59.88427777777778,2.899694444444445,1.471583333333333,0.6086944444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas|CC,TWh/yr,49.71263888888888,52.65716666666666,42.36055555555555,0.04641666666666667,0.03572222222222222,0.02180555555555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas|CC|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0005,0.0005,0.0005,0.0005,0.0005 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas|CC|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,49.71263888888888,52.65666666666667,42.36005555555555,0.04591666666666667,0.03522222222222222,0.02130555555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0005,0.0005,0.0005,0.0005,0.0005 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,102.2103611111111,90.83736111111114,59.88377777777778,2.899166666666666,1.471083333333333,0.6081666666666666 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Geothermal,TWh/yr,2.777805555555556,2.777805555555556,2.777805555555556,2.777805555555556,2.777805555555556,2.777805555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Hydro,TWh/yr,22.96919444444444,24.19094444444444,24.93372222222222,25.00016666666667,24.54725,23.88633333333334 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,7.334499999999999,15.44394444444444,19.84686111111111,20.94622222222223,21.883 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Non-Biomass Renewables,TWh/yr,326.4387777777778,529.8760277777777,744.1791666666667,931.1592777777776,1025.651972222222,1050.879361111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Nuclear,TWh/yr,0.006666666666666666,0.005444444444444444,0.004083333333333333,0.00275,0.001583333333333333,0.0008055555555555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Oil,TWh/yr,2.382000000000001,0.9126944444444444,0.0001944444444444446,0.0003055555555555555,0.0003888888888888889,0.0004722222222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Oil|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,2.382000000000001,0.9126944444444444,0.0001944444444444446,0.0003055555555555555,0.0003888888888888889,0.0004722222222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Other,TWh/yr,17.139,17.139,0.05894444444444445,0.04480555555555556,0.03058333333333333,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Solar,TWh/yr,114.05225,188.7839722222222,276.1461666666667,350.7444166666667,390.9074444444445,394.4943888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Solar|CSP,TWh/yr,0.05997222222222223,0.06911111111111111,0.08419444444444443,0.09633333333333333,0.1049166666666667,0.1074444444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Solar|PV,TWh/yr,113.9922777777778,188.714861111111,276.0619444444444,350.6480833333333,390.8025555555556,394.3869722222223 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Transmission Losses,TWh/yr,29.86963888888889,30.86527777777778,32.83277777777778,33.20286111111111,34.39130555555555,32.60761111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Wind,TWh/yr,186.6395277777777,314.1233333333333,440.3214722222222,552.6368611111111,607.4194722222221,629.7208333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Wind|Offshore,TWh/yr,39.14191666666667,92.6308611111111,140.4400833333333,181.7568611111111,204.1582777777778,213.2648611111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Wind|Onshore,TWh/yr,147.4976111111111,221.4924444444444,299.8813888888889,370.8799999999999,403.2611944444444,416.4559722222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases,TWh/yr,601.8705,538.8809166666666,415.5260555555556,192.4752222222222,94.91952777777779,74.5569166666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,2.910388888888888,5.136611111111112,14.98469444444444,25.12697222222222,25.56527777777778,20.14152777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases|Coal,TWh/yr,0.01258333333333334,0.008972222222222223,0.005555555555555556,0.002583333333333334,0.0007777777777777777,0.0007777777777777777 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.00788888888888889,0.01027777777777778,0.01008333333333334,0.009527777777777777,0.02338888888888889,0.02333333333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,598.9396666666667,533.7250833333334,400.5257222222222,167.3360833333333,69.33005555555556,54.39127777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat,TWh/yr,126.1364444444445,128.7785833333333,158.3108611111111,219.5893333333333,249.7748333333333,256.99875 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Biomass,TWh/yr,17.924,16.40941666666667,10.24163888888888,4.554666666666666,0.03005555555555556,0.01919444444444445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Coal,TWh/yr,29.81938888888889,15.76422222222222,0.03238888888888888,0.02683333333333333,0.02061111111111111,0.014 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Electricity,TWh/yr,8.614166666666666,48.74222222222222,130.3434166666667,214.9707222222222,249.6971388888889,256.9465277777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Electricity|Heat Pumps,TWh/yr,8.614166666666666,48.74222222222222,130.3434166666667,214.9707222222222,249.6971388888889,256.9465277777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Gas,TWh/yr,69.77891666666667,47.86272222222222,17.69338888888889,0.03711111111111111,0.02702777777777778,0.01902777777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,13.40791666666667,23.48175,49.62472222222222,89.82974999999999,122.0691388888889,154.4551111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.0003888888888888889,1.292611111111111,7.519222222222222,11.83708333333334,11.78869444444445,11.62502777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Biomass|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,1.291805555555555,7.518055555555556,11.83552777777778,11.78675,11.62275 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Biomass|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,0.0003888888888888889,0.0007777777777777777,0.001194444444444444,0.001555555555555556,0.001944444444444444,0.002277777777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Coal,TWh/yr,0.001666666666666667,0.001861111111111111,0.001416666666666667,0.001388888888888889,0.001388888888888889,0.001388888888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Coal|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0006944444444444445,0.0006944444444444445,0.0006944444444444445,0.0006944444444444445,0.0006944444444444445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Coal|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,0.001666666666666667,0.001166666666666667,0.0006944444444444445,0.0006944444444444445,0.0006944444444444445,0.0006944444444444445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Electricity,TWh/yr,2.452,12.48269444444444,37.43805555555555,76.45969444444445,108.9767777777778,141.7647222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Fossil,TWh/yr,10.95552777777778,9.706472222222223,4.667444444444445,1.532972222222222,1.303666666666667,1.065361111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Fossil|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,4.102638888888889,3.073111111111111,3.051194444444444,0.06313888888888888,0.01655555555555556,0.015 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Fossil|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,6.852888888888889,6.63336111111111,1.61625,1.469833333333333,1.287111111111111,1.050361111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Gas,TWh/yr,10.95386111111111,9.704611111111115,4.666055555555555,1.531555555555555,1.302277777777778,1.063944444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Gas|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,4.102638888888889,3.072416666666667,3.0505,0.06241666666666667,0.01586111111111111,0.01430555555555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Gas|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,6.851222222222222,6.632194444444445,1.615555555555555,1.469138888888889,1.286416666666667,1.049666666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids,TWh/yr,1059.477305555556,871.9469722222223,549.52875,296.17775,183.2201944444444,178.1077222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,22.16391666666667,80.78880555555558,97.77241666666667,112.1757777777778,123.5128888888889,126.6558333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Biomass|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.7430555555555555,6.379527777777778,25.13936111111111,53.23241666666667,71.81555555555555,78.67511111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Biomass|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,21.42086111111112,74.4092777777778,72.63305555555554,58.94336111111111,51.69736111111111,47.98069444444445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Coal,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0015,0.001861111111111111,0.0015,0.0015,0.0015 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Coal|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.00075,0.00075,0.00075,0.00075,0.00075 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Coal|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.00075,0.001111111111111111,0.00075,0.00075,0.00075 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Fossil,TWh/yr,1037.177888888889,791.0189166666663,451.6182777777778,183.8680833333333,44.55880555555555,15.58088888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Fossil|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.00075,0.00075,0.00075,0.00075,0.00075 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Fossil|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,1037.177888888889,791.0181944444445,451.6175277777778,183.8673333333333,44.55805555555555,15.58013888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Gas,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Gas|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Gas|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.1354722222222222,0.13925,0.1380555555555553,0.1339166666666667,15.1485,35.87102777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Oil,TWh/yr,1037.177888888889,791.0174444444444,451.6164166666666,183.8665833333333,44.55730555555555,15.57938888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Solids,TWh/yr,285.0758055555555,96.28824999999996,44.05655555555555,14.0255,6.917972222222222,3.998305555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,117.6751111111111,84.95333333333333,43.7611666666667,13.99469444444444,6.891694444444444,3.978194444444445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,166.11725,10.62872222222222,0.035,0.03080555555555555,0.02627777777777778,0.02011111111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Bus,million,0.06323804341519701,0.07503242593395601,0.08175132872901,0.08467852357684101,0.091589392785243,0.09762821803008401 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Bus|BEV,million,0.002608109235364,0.015275835629182,0.041577481428938,0.06482555928001,0.07869983896162401,0.09263884582687501 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Bus|FCEV,million,4.565605260345311e-05,0.000216151771966356,0.0006856706361047829,0.001391793471818,0.002156145708146,0.002916779513837 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Bus|ICE,million,0.05507354540804701,0.05393231721786301,0.035195741465442,0.015724519587122,0.008598927142383,0.001617960267887 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV,million,47.12915788262173,45.53799202433036,45.11795768962552,45.06399969368896,46.19398726359802,46.70543192486093 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|BEV,million,3.872425526513539,15.23532235006488,28.5487775246655,38.64491855807513,44.50409425543228,46.09160487306007 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|FCEV,million,0.187228301983617,0.2470400329498,0.33852673322826,0.422173909178453,0.5064844365447551,0.544819515158645 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|ICE,million,41.60625706479066,28.03157475482262,14.19945411372336,4.802130707909145,0.8200113492013521,0.04049298672598201 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|PHEV,million,1.463246989333912,2.024054886493056,2.031199318008402,1.194776518526229,0.36339722241963,0.028514549916229 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck,million,3.15777923615097,3.10154260962961,3.08547253780234,3.05863815797939,3.13563705068668,3.184376562578771 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|BEV,million,0.06356432724798901,0.4285405409150611,1.54384505651331,2.57540274577062,2.92434902204167,3.08189830406546 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|FCEV,million,0.006854712858308001,0.021452017746398,0.035891524524153,0.04736111185782901,0.063996115634372,0.07851161049411101 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|ICE,million,3.053123521663,2.6137536727465,1.47481829386042,0.42131772866703,0.139730962030222,0.022514323940896 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Truck (0-3.5t),million,2.17712559998344,2.131155309914889,2.11980355315704,2.100790532942511,2.15223068786925,2.18308545159846 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Truck (12t+),million,0.104720511000297,0.104934958892439,0.103834029409356,0.101358314010402,0.104323233876689,0.106366513509544 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Truck (7.5t),million,0.5453503514910061,0.5401925985961561,0.5368634800413581,0.533010705339486,0.547091767097389,0.555765973044772 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Trade|Primary Energy|Biomass|Volume,TWh/yr,21.30861111111112,0.0,8.597249999999999,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Trade|Primary Energy|Coal|Volume,TWh/yr,-128.2380277777778,0.0,0.0,-0.1708888888888889,-0.1217222222222222,-0.03913888888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Trade|Primary Energy|Gas|Volume,TWh/yr,-780.4709722222221,-677.1811944444445,-484.8133055555555,-164.3216944444444,-61.45025,-38.70130555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Trade|Primary Energy|Oil|Volume,TWh/yr,-1116.704027777777,-854.2567777777778,-487.9917777777778,-197.1641666666667,-41.79163888888889,-4.805111111111112 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Electricity|Volume,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,-16.94455555555556,-33.88911111111111,-50.83366666666667,-50.83366666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Gases|Hydrogen|Volume,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Volume,TWh/yr,0.0,-25.41683333333333,-50.83366666666667,-76.2505,-101.6673333333333,-101.6673333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Liquids|Hydrogen|Volume,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,-33.88911111111111,-67.77822222222223,-101.6673333333333,-101.6673333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Useful Energy|Residential and Commercial,TWh/yr,752.4323333333334,729.2248333333333,707.4225833333334,717.8293611111111,770.2909722222222,794.8665555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Useful Energy|Residential and Commercial|Electricity|Heat Pumps,TWh/yr,60.85244444444444,89.91597222222222,155.8593333333334,274.5732499999999,333.9623888888889,363.1821944444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Useful Energy|Residential and Commercial|Heat,TWh/yr,68.71972222222222,74.29616666666666,75.65405555555559,87.6821388888889,115.8673055555556,124.9491111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Useful Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space and Water Heating,TWh/yr,588.2891111111111,552.3037777777778,512.3254444444444,523.1876111111111,564.05725,583.2957777777777 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Useful Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space and Water Heating|Electricity|Heat Pumps,TWh/yr,60.85244444444444,89.91597222222222,155.8593333333334,274.5732499999999,333.9623888888889,363.1821944444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Useful Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space and Water Heating|Heat,TWh/yr,68.71972222222222,74.29616666666666,75.65405555555559,87.6821388888889,115.8673055555556,124.9491111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity,GW/yr,27.8995647,42.29676190000001,45.63957080000001,41.28055210000001,39.4388148,41.0494511 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Biomass,GW/yr,0.0217634,3.270000000000002e-05,2.100000000000001e-05,2.000000000000001e-05,2.000000000000001e-05,2.000000000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS,GW/yr,8.000000000000005e-06,1.270000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-06,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS,GW/yr,0.0217554,2.000000000000001e-05,2.000000000000001e-05,2.000000000000001e-05,2.000000000000001e-05,2.000000000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Coal,GW/yr,2.000000000000001e-05,4.200000000000002e-05,3.000000000000002e-05,3.010000000000002e-05,3.030000000000001e-05,3.060000000000002e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Coal|w/ CCS,GW/yr,8.000000000000005e-06,1.200000000000001e-05,0.0,1.000000000000001e-07,3.000000000000002e-07,6.000000000000004e-07 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Coal|w/o CCS,GW/yr,1.200000000000001e-05,3.000000000000002e-05,3.000000000000002e-05,3.000000000000002e-05,3.000000000000002e-05,3.000000000000002e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas,GW/yr,1.4684756,0.7678927999999999,3.020000000000002e-05,3.050000000000002e-05,3.110000000000002e-05,3.200000000000002e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas|CC|w/ CCS,GW/yr,1.200000000000001e-05,0.0,2.000000000000001e-07,5.000000000000004e-07,1.100000000000001e-06,2.000000000000001e-06 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas|CC|w/o CCS,GW/yr,0.1293243,0.005108000000000001,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas|OC,GW/yr,0.9088447000000001,0.7627748000000001,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas|w/ CCS,GW/yr,1.200000000000001e-05,0.0,2.000000000000001e-07,5.000000000000004e-07,1.100000000000001e-06,2.000000000000001e-06 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas|w/o CCS,GW/yr,1.4684636,0.7678927999999999,3.000000000000002e-05,3.000000000000002e-05,3.000000000000002e-05,3.000000000000002e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Geothermal,GW/yr,0.0201948,0.0009470999999999999,0.0026997,0.006062700000000001,0.0116308,0.0189978 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Hydro,GW/yr,0.187201,0.1642511,0.1037151,0.04957830000000001,0.0184071,0.0080824 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Hydrogen,GW/yr,0.9441122,4.0904288,5.163951099999999,2.284758,1.8445015,2.6116096 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Nuclear,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Oil,GW/yr,4.000000000000002e-06,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Oil|w/o CCS,GW/yr,4.000000000000002e-06,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Solar,GW/yr,18.5851682,28.5491686,30.138645,26.2395072,25.8143247,28.9131407 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Solar|CSP,GW/yr,0.0060953,0.0027214,0.0038846,0.0041587,0.0039044,0.0043072 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Solar|PV,GW/yr,18.5790729,28.5464472,30.1347604,26.2353484,25.8104203,28.9088335 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Solar|PV|Open Field,GW/yr,18.5790729,28.5464472,30.1347604,26.2353484,25.8104203,28.9088335 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Wind,GW/yr,7.6167377,12.8144176,15.3944198,14.9853133,13.5943608,12.1091375 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Wind|Offshore,GW/yr,1.7680103,3.3885761,3.991145899999999,3.8850812,3.5244639,3.139406 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Wind|Onshore,GW/yr,5.8487274,9.4258415,11.4032739,11.1002321,10.0698969,8.969731500000002 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Gases|Biomass,GW/yr,0.0193223,0.0289874,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Gases|Hydrogen,GW/yr,8.000000000000005e-06,1.200000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-07,0.0015004,0.0343992,0.1906346 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Solar thermal,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Biomass,GW/yr,1.600000000000001e-05,0.0447499,0.07328699999999999,0.009301399999999,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Biomass|w/ CCS,GW/yr,8.000000000000005e-06,0.0447339,0.07327700000000001,0.009291399999999,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Biomass|w/o CCS,GW/yr,8.000000000000005e-06,1.600000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Coal|w/ CCS,GW/yr,8.000000000000005e-06,1.200000000000001e-05,0.0,2.000000000000001e-07,5.000000000000004e-07,1.100000000000001e-06 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Coal|w/o CCS,GW/yr,4.000000000000002e-06,1.000000000000001e-05,0.0005579,0.0012012,0.0007005000000000001,0.0002214 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Electricity,GW/yr,0.4272872,1.6811175,4.0596138,6.459303300000001,7.497900899999999,6.737273800000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Gas,GW/yr,0.046225699999999,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Gas|w/ CCS,GW/yr,0.0461857,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Gas|w/o CCS,GW/yr,4.000000000000002e-05,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Liquids|Biomass,GW/yr,1.7747704,2.3393432,0.6491153,0.6613416,0.3558859,0.1865939 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Liquids|Hydrogen,GW/yr,0.0024993,0.0,0.2184266,1.1270674,1.9268821,1.607863 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Liquids|Oil,GW/yr,1.3378617,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity,GW,290.9383873999999,451.1519521,677.6816359000001,865.4077097999999,1018.6259385,1149.7002978 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Biomass,GW,7.1632965,4.959444,2.815652399999999,0.8816550999999999,0.0062628,0.0046435 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS,GW,0.0,0.0001,0.0001081,0.0001079,0.000107,0.0001047 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS,GW,7.1632965,4.959344000000002,2.8155443,0.8815472,0.0061559,0.0045389 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Coal,GW,26.5648545,0.9298637999999999,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0030467 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Coal|w/ CCS,GW,0.0,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Coal|w/o CCS,GW,26.5648545,0.9297637999999999,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0029467 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas,GW,36.15015270000001,35.68820280000001,13.974909,7.327272799999999,3.4945163,0.8481282000000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas|CC|w/ CCS,GW,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas|CC|w/o CCS,GW,13.5934404,13.0119513,0.7827520999999991,0.007502099999999999,0.005839700000000001,0.0036633 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas|OC,GW,10.3342032,16.0078114,11.5754008,7.316284799999999,3.485649,0.8420428999999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas|w/ CCS,GW,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas|w/o CCS,GW,36.1500527,35.68810280000001,13.974809,7.327172799999999,3.4944163,0.8480282000000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Geothermal,GW,0.3730588,0.3730588,0.3730588,0.3730588,0.3730588,0.3730588 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Hydro,GW,7.638982599999999,8.278219899999998,8.623259999999998,8.652042699999999,8.477196000000001,8.216247599999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Hydrogen,GW,0.0,11.8013723,45.2189205,59.50207590000001,65.83462980000002,76.5566453 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Nuclear,GW,0.001,0.0008196000000000002,0.0006148999999999999,0.0004117000000000001,0.0002367,0.0001197 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Oil,GW,1.5901538,0.5262104,0.0001,0.0001491,0.0001952,0.0002339 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Oil|w/o CCS,GW,1.5901538,0.5262104,0.0001,0.0001491,0.0001952,0.0002339 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Other,GW,4.4114839,4.6087592,0.0100255,0.007597499999999001,0.005160000000000001,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar,GW,124.0454045,252.0052175,409.2471803,531.8865887,636.1709331000001,726.6933797000002 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar|CSP,GW,0.045404499999999,0.0562226,0.07338320000000001,0.093848099999999,0.1086926,0.1208284 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar|PV,GW,124.0,251.9489949,409.1737971,531.7927406000001,636.0622404999999,726.5725513 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar|PV|Rooftop,GW,124.0,251.9489949,409.1737971,531.7927406000001,636.0622404999999,726.5725513 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Wind,GW,83.0,131.9807838,197.4178144,256.7767575999999,304.2636499,337.0047943 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Wind|Offshore,GW,12.0,26.6105725,45.4352965,63.1416567,77.387885,86.7907584 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Wind|Onshore,GW,71.0,105.3702113,151.9825179,193.635101,226.8757649,250.2140359 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Gases,GW,78.66247289999998,70.2384,46.8658173,10.6332422,2.0655449,1.8338983 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Gases|Biomass,GW,0.2741342,0.4384738,0.2734823,0.122047,0.0003136,0.000231 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Gases|Hydrogen,GW,0.0,0.0001001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0188512,0.4206855 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat,GW,29.0961758,29.0777849,49.34893080000001,78.6063964,98.44921280000001,110.822067 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Solar thermal,GW,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen,GW,5.167159499999999,15.4240438,51.49891340000001,119.9560432,208.2009169,289.9402653 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Biomass,GW,0.0,0.0002000000000000001,0.5592722999999991,0.636478,0.6340901,0.6251585 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Biomass|w/ CCS,GW,0.0,0.0001,0.5591223,0.6362785,0.6338423999999999,0.6248657 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Biomass|w/o CCS,GW,0.0,0.0001,0.00015,0.0001995,0.0002477,0.0002929 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Coal,GW,0.0002387,0.0002655000000000001,0.0002004,0.0002000000000000001,0.0002000000000000001,0.0002000000000000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Coal|w/ CCS,GW,0.0,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Coal|w/o CCS,GW,0.0002387,0.0001655,0.0001004,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Electricity,GW,1.2676135,7.655599899999999,29.4206309,69.9523804,120.7735517,166.6779228 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Gas,GW,1.5502361,1.3956864,0.6237572,0.2315821,0.2047817,0.1683709 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Gas|w/ CCS,GW,0.5018599,0.3758657,0.3732713,0.0014438,0.0013739,0.0012404 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Gas|w/o CCS,GW,1.0483762,1.0198207,0.2504859,0.2301383,0.2034077,0.1671305 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Liquids|Biomass,GW,3.0247944,10.2070424,12.742814,14.5556067,16.384991,16.8886331 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Liquids|Hydrogen,GW,0.0208272,0.0208084,0.020643,2.7503723,12.7392629,21.8023791 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Liquids|Oil,GW,111.1226311,86.34731470000001,55.8969618,29.5019342,9.794817299999998,1.6945284 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS,EUR2020/kW,5185.7138759265,4148.571100741199,3457.142583951,3457.142583951,3457.142583951,3457.142583951 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS,EUR2020/kW,2579.9108116047,2594.538294854101,2609.165778103501,2623.7932613529,2638.4207446023,2653.0482278517 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Coal|w/ CCS,EUR2020/kW,5808.591547331161,5531.106009254279,5253.620471082059,4976.134933005181,4698.649394928301,4421.16385685142 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Coal|w/o CCS,EUR2020/kW,2382.73931998998,2363.93682511014,2345.1343302303,2326.331835350461,2307.52934047062,2288.72684549544 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Gas|w/ CCS,EUR2020/kW,2882.37052510596,2723.09368657368,2563.81684794606,2404.54000931844,2245.26317078616,2085.98633215854 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Gas|w/o CCS,EUR2020/kW,1062.47837844792,1057.71205898484,1052.94573942642,1048.17941996334,1043.41310040492,1038.64678094184 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Geothermal,EUR2020/kW,3149.2900237953,3242.072283271501,3334.8545427477,3427.63680212856,3520.41906160476,3613.20132098562 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Hydro,EUR2020/kW,2593.74772527738,2648.09370989814,2702.439694518901,2756.78567913966,2811.131663760421,2865.47764838118 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Nuclear,EUR2020/kW,7652.8840821174,7508.84754880554,7364.811015493679,7220.774482181819,7076.737948869962,6932.701415558101 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Solar|CSP,EUR2020/kW,4981.95130043772,4196.23209330402,3882.78474703056,3578.61609730296,3242.69956145604,2890.00174635648 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Solar|PV,EUR2020/kW,430.8567997293,274.91421942096,220.5784967211,195.239044392,178.61350998918,166.82591655492 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Wind|Offshore,EUR2020/kW,3641.8244923767,2909.596982181541,2419.27740071052,2079.813994244701,1823.5411315653,1615.37661570138 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Wind|Onshore,EUR2020/kW,1530.70131520908,1352.94120471468,1219.9332376413,1120.533870666,1041.49592655486,977.2063666331403 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Gases|Biomass|w/o CCS,EUR2020/kW,1287.40297242732,1287.40297242732,1287.40297242732,1287.40297242732,1287.40297242732,1287.40297242732 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Gases|Coal|w/o CCS,EUR2020/kW,1544.88356695092,1544.88356695092,1544.88356695092,1544.88356695092,1544.88356695092,1544.88356695092 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Hydrogen|Biomass|w/ CCS,EUR2020/kW,3282.8775796992,2626.302063759359,2188.58505316458,2188.58505316458,2188.58505316458,2188.58505316458 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Hydrogen|Biomass|w/o CCS,EUR2020/kW,2343.07340987874,1982.6005775457,1802.36416137918,1802.36416137918,1802.36416137918,1802.36416137918 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Hydrogen|Coal|w/ CCS,EUR2020/kW,2398.86087199374,2029.80535324014,1845.27759386334,1845.27759386334,1845.27759386334,1845.27759386334 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Hydrogen|Coal|w/o CCS,EUR2020/kW,1619.98207370286,1619.98207370286,1619.98207370286,1619.98207370286,1619.98207370286,1619.98207370286 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Hydrogen|Electricity,EUR2020/kW,2020.28146376112,1209.7286156046,873.63439173948,695.9868348820801,588.3332925220801,519.9425998405799 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Hydrogen|Gas|w/ CCS,EUR2020/kW,1435.90075121724,1435.90075121724,1435.90075121724,1435.90075121724,1435.90075121724,1435.90075121724 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Hydrogen|Gas|w/o CCS,EUR2020/kW,923.0790543130801,923.0790543130801,923.0790543130801,923.0790543130801,923.0790543130801,923.0790543130801 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Liquids|Biomass|w/ CCS,EUR2020/kW,5103.40095724284,4082.720765813339,3402.26730482856,3402.26730482856,3402.26730482856,3402.26730482856 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Liquids|Biomass|w/o CCS,EUR2020/kW,4505.910403590961,3604.728322853701,3003.94026902886,3003.94026902886,3003.94026902886,3003.94026902886 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Liquids|Coal|w/ CCS,EUR2020/kW,2928.84176227692,2343.07340987874,1952.56117488306,1952.56117488306,1952.56117488306,1952.56117488306 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Liquids|Coal|w/o CCS,EUR2020/kW,1866.73431001008,1866.73431001008,1866.73431001008,1866.73431001008,1866.73431001008,1866.73431001008 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Liquids|Oil,EUR2020/kW,461.5395271565399,461.5395271565399,461.5395271565399,461.5395271565399,461.5395271565399,461.5395271565399 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Carbon Intensity|Electricity,g CO2/kWh,243.5371674610181,74.57128896157225,9.867617983439185,1.530710057725168,-0.1345333919622393,-0.8739256707051852 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Carbon Intensity|EndUse,g CO2/kWh,229.9556083718255,197.5379452326289,159.2495236583694,62.85025394763924,-24.10257326269326,-48.31415378574037 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture,Mt CO2/yr,1.3908824,5.4873719,30.9803562,61.0807564,83.1952578,103.8925088 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Storage,Mt CO2/yr,0.344937199999999,4.441303700000002,30.9345539,55.0,55.0,55.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Storage|Biomass,Mt CO2/yr,0.069419299999999,2.9616417,22.6075405,39.612523,34.0729393,28.47643429999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Storage|Biomass|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2/yr,0.069419299999999,2.9225141,20.7002104,36.5520945,31.2621051,26.0486902 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Storage|DACCS,Mt CO2/yr,0.0277125,0.5260342,3.1084838,8.394191099999999,13.7079292,19.049439 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Storage|Fossil,Mt CO2/yr,0.2478053,0.9536275,5.1354507,6.419837900000001,5.481385,5.2378607 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Storage|Fossil|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2/yr,0.2478053,0.606756299999999,0.7434012,0.0038745,0.0027524,0.0020628 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Storage|Industrial Processes,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0306987,1.6659493,3.753011700000001,4.453206400000001,4.9474658 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Storage|Industry,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.3859991,6.382458400000001,10.0498399,10.0272132,9.899808100000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Storage|Industry|Biomass,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.03912760000000001,1.9073301,3.0604285,2.8108342,2.4277441 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Storage|Industry|Fossil,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.3468712,4.392049500000001,6.415963400000001,5.478632600000001,5.2357979 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Usage,Mt CO2/yr,0.046045199999999,0.0461682,0.0458024,6.0807564,28.1952578,48.89250880000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Usage|Synthetic Gases,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0001645,0.0001643,0.0001643,0.0309759,0.691262399999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Usage|Synthetic Liquids,Mt CO2/yr,0.046045199999999,0.0460038,0.0456381,6.0805921,28.1642819,48.2012464 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Biomass,Mt CO2/yr,0.2799181,3.659202499999999,22.6410138,43.9920521,51.54012660000001,53.79069450000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Biomass|Energy|Demand|Industry,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.04834339999999999,1.9101542,3.398787,4.251783100000001,4.5858987 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Biomass|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2/yr,0.2799181,3.610859099999999,20.7308596,40.5932651,47.2883435,49.20479580000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Biomass|Energy|Supply|Electricity,Mt CO2/yr,0.0272844,0.2927648,1.3338569,2.8533129,3.7022363,4.0686226 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Biomass|Energy|Supply|Gases,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.611587799999999,4.741852400000001,8.697028199999998,6.692801299999999,4.887375499999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Biomass|Energy|Supply|Hydrogen,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0004131000000000001,2.3096847,2.6284101,2.6183465,2.5812645 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Biomass|Energy|Supply|Liquids,Mt CO2/yr,0.2526336,2.7060934,12.3454656,26.4145139,34.2749595,37.66753330000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Biomass|Energy|Supply|Other,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Direct Air Capture,Mt CO2/yr,0.1117445,0.649932,3.1130863,9.322246200000002,20.7351764,35.98352739999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Fossil,Mt CO2/yr,0.9992198,1.1782371,5.143054300000001,7.129610099999999,8.291368,9.894081400000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Fossil|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2/yr,0.9992198,0.749666699999999,0.744501899999999,0.0043028,0.0041634,0.0038965 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Fossil|Energy|Supply|Electricity,Mt CO2/yr,0.0001645,0.0006705,0.0006705,0.0006705,0.0006703,0.0006691000000000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Fossil|Energy|Supply|Gases,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Fossil|Energy|Supply|Hydrogen,Mt CO2/yr,0.9990553999999999,0.7486157,0.743450899999999,0.0032518,0.0031127,0.0028469 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Fossil|Energy|Supply|Liquids,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0003805,0.0003805,0.0003805,0.0003805,0.0003805 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Fossil|Energy|Supply|Other,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Industrial Processes,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0379292,1.6684159,4.167941699999999,6.7361028,9.3455387 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Industry,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.4769142,6.3919084,11.1609422,15.1675744,18.700289 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Industry|Biomass,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.04834339999999999,1.9101542,3.398787,4.251783100000001,4.5858987 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Industry|Fossil,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.4285704,4.398552400000001,7.125307299999999,8.2872046,9.890184900000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Carbon Sequestration,Mt CO2/yr,30.2523154,33.67186149999999,58.95008099999999,85.5581935,90.47503859999999,89.8066663 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Carbon Sequestration|BECCS,Mt CO2/yr,0.069419299999999,2.9616417,22.6075405,39.612523,34.07293930000001,28.4764343 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Carbon Sequestration|DACCS,Mt CO2/yr,0.0277125,0.5260342,3.1084838,8.394191099999999,13.7079292,19.049439 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Carbon Sequestration|Enhanced Weathering,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Carbon Sequestration|Land Use,Mt CO2/yr,28.2861573,28.2861573,28.2861573,28.2861573,28.2861573,28.2861573 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Carbon Sequestration|Other,Mt CO2/yr,1.8690263,1.8980283,4.9478993,9.265322099999999,14.4080128,13.9946357 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Consumption,billion EUR2020/yr,2376.18732961554,2608.96149108336,2857.866785938921,3177.419882382059,3526.57786943784,3881.569728159481 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Cost|Total Energy System Cost,billion EUR2020/yr,165.6907152831,207.90907378542,222.98654810586,202.77056812782,178.36729300908,163.65403150362 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Cumulative Capacity|Electricity|Biomass,GW,4.9655187,5.0200087,5.020142799999999,5.0202453,5.0203453,5.0204453 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Cumulative Capacity|Electricity|Coal,GW,8.4849162,8.4850712,8.4852512,8.485401500000002,8.485552500000002,8.485704800000002 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Cumulative Capacity|Electricity|Gas,GW,36.1133997,41.7043207,43.62412810000001,43.6242798,43.6244337,43.6245914 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Cumulative Capacity|Electricity|Hydro,GW,2.3634999,3.242130200000001,3.912045799999999,4.295279400000001,4.4652428,4.531466500000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Cumulative Capacity|Electricity|Solar|CSP,GW,0.034444899999999,0.056486699999999,0.07300179999999999,0.09311019999999999,0.113268,0.133797 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Cumulative Capacity|Electricity|Solar|PV,GW,123.2042237,241.0180241,387.7210431,528.6463150999999,658.7607370000001,795.5588717 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Cumulative Capacity|Electricity|Wind,GW,79.2024974,130.2803856,200.8024791,276.751812,348.2009973999999,412.4597434 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Cumulative Capacity|Gases|Biomass,GW,0.1204484,0.2412227,0.3137162,0.3137662,0.3138162,0.3138662 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Cumulative Capacity|Hydrogen|Biomass,GW,4.000000000000002e-05,0.1119546,0.4070469,0.613517999999999,0.6367965,0.6368465 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Cumulative Capacity|Hydrogen|Electricity,GW,1.2752594,6.546271100000001,20.8980992,47.19539190000001,82.08840239999999,117.6763392 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Cumulative Capacity|Liquids|Biomass,GW,7.5222391,17.8075231,25.2786692,28.5548113,31.09788,32.45407959999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Efficiency|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS,%,30.0,31.0,32.0,33.0,34.0,35.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Efficiency|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS,%,41.46277660000001,42.0,43.0,44.0,45.0,46.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Efficiency|Electricity|Coal|w/o CCS,%,44.2638577,44.0,45.0,45.0,46.0,46.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Efficiency|Electricity|Gas|w/ CCS,%,56.5044802,53.0,54.0,55.0,55.0,56.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Efficiency|Electricity|Gas|w/o CCS,%,65.19747709999999,61.0,61.0,62.0,62.0,63.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Efficiency|Gases|Biomass|w/o CCS,%,75.7388462,71.5910769,67.4433077,63.29553850000001,59.1477692,55.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Efficiency|Gases|Coal|w/o CCS,%,59.99333590000001,59.9946687,59.9960015,59.9973344,59.9986672,60.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Efficiency|Hydrogen|Biomass|w/ CCS,%,55.0,55.0,55.0,55.0,55.0,55.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Efficiency|Hydrogen|Biomass|w/o CCS,%,59.0,59.0,59.0,59.0,59.0,59.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Efficiency|Hydrogen|Coal|w/ CCS,%,53.0,53.0,53.0,53.0,53.0,53.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Efficiency|Hydrogen|Coal|w/o CCS,%,57.0,57.0,57.0,57.0,57.0,57.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Efficiency|Hydrogen|Electricity,%,63.0,65.0,67.0,69.0,71.0,73.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Efficiency|Hydrogen|Gas|w/ CCS,%,70.0,70.0,70.0,70.0,70.0,70.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Efficiency|Hydrogen|Gas|w/o CCS,%,73.0,73.0,73.0,73.0,73.0,73.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Efficiency|Liquids|Biomass|w/ CCS,%,41.0,41.0,41.0,41.0,41.0,41.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Efficiency|Liquids|Biomass|w/o CCS,%,41.0,41.0,41.0,41.0,41.0,41.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Efficiency|Liquids|Coal|w/ CCS,%,40.0,40.0,40.0,40.0,40.0,40.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Efficiency|Liquids|Coal|w/o CCS,%,40.0,40.0,40.0,40.0,40.0,40.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Efficiency|Liquids|Oil,%,92.379134,92.10580719999999,91.8324804,91.55915360000002,91.2858268,91.0125 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CH4,Mt CH4/yr,1.7088225,1.3229994,1.2763767,1.2274388,1.2272087,1.2400098 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CH4|AFOLU,Mt CH4/yr,1.1332705,1.0366604,0.9950237,0.9436137,0.9340350000000001,0.9396342000000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CH4|Energy,Mt CH4/yr,0.0149633,0.0013882,0.0001941,1.300000000000001e-06,1.100000000000001e-06,8.000000000000005e-07 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CH4|Energy|Supply,Mt CH4/yr,0.0149633,0.0013882,0.0001941,1.300000000000001e-06,1.100000000000001e-06,8.000000000000005e-07 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2,Mt CO2/yr,594.4990745000001,352.2934896,142.3439569,-7.011690600000001,-57.03273980000001,-69.8165438 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|AFOLU,Mt CO2/yr,-15.7094907,-16.0394907,-19.7794907,-20.3294907,-20.8061573,-20.622824 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|ESR,Mt CO2/yr,282.0843071,207.6362155,110.1831123,33.0870723,6.8463392,1.1630115 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|ETS,Mt CO2/yr,328.1242581,160.6967648,51.94033520000001,-19.7692722,-43.0729217,-50.3567313 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy,Mt CO2/yr,590.8404205999999,350.3848841000001,148.2772858,8.2802363,-33.1473956,-39.4124692 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy incl Bunkers,Mt CO2/yr,620.1573152,375.1927217,166.5692551,19.6845159,-29.3713146,-38.989997 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy incl Bunkers|Demand,Mt CO2/yr,386.5193633,274.7327387999999,151.4427959,40.1519043,-4.8829493,-15.2383325 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand,Mt CO2/yr,363.5219573,252.4425526,133.6732894,28.9071782,-8.6186497,-15.6937471 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers,Mt CO2/yr,29.3168946,24.8078376,18.2919693,11.4042797,3.776081,0.4224722 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers|Aviation,Mt CO2/yr,21.0080151523037,17.6860261536639,12.96978685476891,8.063361768460778,2.6550718886448,0.295166340580399 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers|Navigation,Mt CO2/yr,8.327381730833498,7.137468028023321,5.333726734495131,3.34811531676838,1.12339220763152,0.127572535563313 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Residential and Commercial,Mt CO2/yr,104.1709754,76.34021790000001,37.5161817,6.939340600000001,0.8269692000000001,0.3178975 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation,Mt CO2/yr,137.4585142,99.4318987,58.69076310000001,24.3411218,5.560152199999999,0.670161999999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2/yr,227.3184633,97.9423314,14.6039964,-20.626942,-24.5287459,-23.7187221 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Electricity,Mt CO2/yr,142.1949457,52.78071940000002,9.028186300000002,1.8420544,-0.1915446,-1.3822617 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Electricity and Heat,Mt CO2/yr,174.891234,69.67576,14.4591042,4.4156296,1.1175286,-0.9116757000000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Heat,Mt CO2/yr,32.69628830000001,16.8950407,5.4309178,2.5735752,1.3090732,0.4705860000000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Hydrogen,Mt CO2/yr,3.1814083,2.474202,-1.6523841,-1.8635944,-1.2854189,-0.9998262 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Industry + Processes,Mt CO2/yr,141.2883247,95.14456649999998,54.42099009999999,11.0584708,-4.3770288,-7.413618200000002 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Land-Use Change,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,-15.7094907,-16.0394907,-19.7794907,-20.3294907,-20.8061573,-20.622824 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|F-Gases,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,14.907223,12.349007,9.790792,7.232576,4.67436,2.116144 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy,Mt CO2/yr,592.7841633,355.2445576,175.9866878,57.6375335,16.5593435,4.479348500000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry,Mt CO2/yr,123.766791,78.6075955,44.47553619999999,10.4319186,3.4388628,1.161321 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2/yr,227.3878827,100.8648455,35.3042068,15.9251525,6.733359200000001,2.329968 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Electricity,Mt CO2/yr,142.2017122,53.01767380000001,10.3600713,4.4113122,2.2559867,0.7716398999999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Gases,Mt CO2/yr,8.4436505,8.357585600000002,6.139271000000001,1.511982,0.319093,0.2374199 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Heat,Mt CO2/yr,32.69628830000001,16.8950407,5.4309178,2.5735752,1.3090732,0.4705860000000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Hydrogen,Mt CO2/yr,3.1814083,2.4745364,0.6538858000000001,0.503150299999999,0.4455578,0.3666779 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Liquids,Mt CO2/yr,23.8499412,19.1380341,12.7185273,6.9239009,2.4026946,0.4829832000000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Solids,Mt CO2/yr,17.0148822,0.9819749,0.0015336,0.0012319,0.0009539,0.0006611 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross|Kyoto Gases|Energy|Demand,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,361.4740721,253.4426825,141.3729967,42.35445159999999,10.3767509,2.560231700000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross|Kyoto Gases|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,238.3341314,104.5353239,35.99656210000001,16.1062429,6.7927276,2.322470599999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|HFC,kt HFC134a-equiv/yr,4.945431,4.0854,3.225369,2.365338,1.505308,0.645277 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,690.3783944,426.2861387999999,207.3759553,53.0587435,0.1026758,-14.6332973 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|AFOLU,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,39.5453996,33.78316580000001,26.7953364,24.379568,23.5779262,24.4278132 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Agriculture|ESR,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,50.5658832,45.19229810000001,42.0860195,40.2194579,39.8884733,40.5484938 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Demand|Transport|ESR,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,139.8557943,101.0125206,59.9037415,25.142746,6.151299400000001,1.0480709 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|ESR,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,347.0296788,260.9066426,160.1186012,80.8999978,54.2822516,49.19672520000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|ETS,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,339.4619761,164.4396215,52.7572452,-19.2339403,-42.5433888,-49.8254859 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Energy,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,597.8644607999998,353.1183328,149.6601567,9.1033972,-32.5372606,-39.00911540000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,231.9452234,99.0951583,14.773889,-20.6054052,-24.5097581,-23.6932772 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Fugitive Emissions,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,3.0948162,0.8730161,0.1068066,0.008546400000000001,0.0157332,0.0234051 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Fugitive Emissions|ETS,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,3.0948162,0.8730161,0.1068066,0.008546400000000001,0.0157332,0.0234051 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Industrial Processes,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,41.0140379,33.4131673,27.392455,21.178126,15.8136475,11.8901328 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Industry,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,156.587017,107.5659518,64.33633689999999,18.6452883,0.7674957,-4.7587315 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Industry|ESR,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,40.45481739999999,31.8640989,13.9761675,1.8066098,0.4592178,0.174952 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Industry|ETS,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,101.2249765,63.3528459,40.5693774,9.6061024,-4.3660821,-7.049827400000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Land-Use Change,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,-11.0204835,-11.4091323,-15.2906832,-15.8398899,-16.3105471,-16.1206806 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Other,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,14.907223,12.349007,9.790792,7.232576,4.67436,2.116144 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Waste|ESR,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,11.9822085,6.4975071,6.636490999999999,6.791843400000001,6.956291900000001,7.107310999999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|N2O,kt N2O/yr,125.0002527,92.8289009,73.59493570000001,69.69649249999999,68.298911,69.2333118 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|N2O|AFOLU,kt N2O/yr,71.07286619999999,61.0030405,53.6805859,52.06896270000001,51.83205090000001,53.7310764 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|PFC,kt CF4-equiv/yr,0.102112,0.09543399999999999,0.088755,0.082077,0.07539900000000001,0.06872 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|SF6,kt SF6/yr,0.202141,0.168146,0.13415,0.100154,0.066159,0.032163 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Energy Service|Residential and Commercial|Floor Space,bn m2/yr,5.272,5.359,5.432,5.503,5.566,5.611 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Freight,bn tkm/yr,608.3334750172422,621.1313949512089,625.1755627204934,634.3436637087931,658.8075558808205,688.4514106066923 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Freight|Domestic Navigation,bn tkm/yr,36.8102433869043,33.93463176579598,27.0831372630694,22.08912995997109,20.3094017673705,21.7203881539804 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Freight|International Shipping,bn tkm/yr,1124.67399376628,1030.88983504517,896.198120143502,788.8555966639799,747.053340981634,760.8933819980161 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Freight|Rail,bn tkm/yr,128.236881082422,136.780491938504,145.823984410668,155.685376617702,167.058549587575,177.803496040421 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Freight|Road,bn tkm/yr,443.2863505479159,450.4162712469089,452.268441046756,456.56915713112,471.439604525875,488.9275264122909 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Freight|Road|BEV,bn tkm/yr,7.682533458227589,40.3720985768142,125.940918419879,238.83300637956,314.841872982207,356.74302013418003 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Freight|Road|FCEV,bn tkm/yr,1.13652772497933,3.45169616241047,6.48948796105076,11.9576689149782,19.2411993184477,25.1928796476863 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Freight|Road|ICE,bn tkm/yr,432.09345434186,400.003071204476,309.2378708509889,192.551189956536,122.838055916754,92.1164985813851 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger,bn pkm/yr,1144.661142239711,1160.308909323802,1164.267895494005,1174.596476671248,1201.332978773256,1230.628154911433 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Bicycling and Walking,bn pkm/yr,90.08737752003148,87.7622750600682,87.12398843389248,82.58226594864212,81.85757880723968,82.51995853245607 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Domestic Aviation,bn pkm/yr,7.077491588616479,5.786817093134391,3.91155055297151,2.416489463399519,1.95050005384953,2.11635365935902 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|International Aviation,bn pkm/yr,200.872963175621,189.658591190044,169.843670758173,151.774169189229,144.629089727028,147.902166765375 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Rail,bn pkm/yr,146.808940732851,159.7660548201069,166.155754200169,166.099913691798,174.021092996676,182.865589836514 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Road,bn pkm/yr,900.6873323982117,906.9937623504928,907.0766023069716,923.4978075674081,943.5038069154905,963.1262528831039 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Road|2W and 3W,bn pkm/yr,13.4852641562741,11.9846568688369,10.7970183086845,9.47612884338614,9.367595277987844,9.715952703353798 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Road|Bus,bn pkm/yr,70.19136716049418,81.9170221560062,87.17336247051009,89.27588104452967,93.87335913353067,98.8206991932679 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Road|LDV,bn pkm/yr,920.5833427577492,912.8390152545539,907.0272282703529,916.804192471521,931.4880265892,946.82551222229 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Road|LDV|BEV,bn pkm/yr,40.88592647651799,226.623047346677,441.213608938771,640.9307905227321,753.611181319999,810.2637033501352 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Road|LDV|FCEV,bn pkm/yr,4.352660160781161,5.408091014400322,6.8555324839639,8.320562028097141,9.68807109706221,10.5460377283778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Road|LDV|ICE,bn pkm/yr,833.3076207864087,627.1185529535621,393.919170029251,196.336135137629,94.2201076851895,50.69814593430682 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy,TWh/yr,2237.624638888889,2014.838194444444,1743.573638888889,1581.483388888889,1587.03325,1585.786972222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy incl Non-Energy Use incl Bunkers,TWh/yr,2673.051138888889,2357.180333333334,2098.829527777777,1909.644722222222,1901.014138888889,1919.7165 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers,TWh/yr,113.5610277777778,102.2533888888889,87.27119444444445,75.91725000000002,70.59347222222222,70.483 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation,TWh/yr,81.37548120180139,72.8980971109361,61.87860443659945,53.67671692153722,49.6359872381475,49.24364371431055 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids,TWh/yr,81.37548120180139,72.8980971109361,61.87860443659945,53.67671692153722,49.6359872381475,49.24364371431055 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,2.516565464925386,6.509110047633166,9.565837631777695,13.10967933873672,15.62626939151514,15.92022893922031 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,3.627380713346695,10.29916307656636,24.04323177814586,32.21543301615472 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,78.85891573687586,66.38898706330306,48.685386091475,30.26787450623416,9.966486068486503,1.10798175893543 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Liquids,TWh/yr,113.5610277777778,102.2533888888889,87.27119444444445,75.91725000000002,70.59347222222222,70.483 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation,TWh/yr,32.25648356519555,29.41914893217861,25.44710799587144,22.28795423538906,21.00157118905492,21.28337694825959 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids,TWh/yr,32.25648356519555,29.41914893217861,25.44710799587144,22.28795423538906,21.00157118905492,21.28337694825959 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.9975431341388806,2.626851529688734,3.933878365602583,5.44347623885975,6.611658744102444,6.880811574013333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,1.491732879161022,4.276477558209527,10.17297472861794,13.92368948999959 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,31.25894043105667,26.79229740248994,20.02149675110786,12.56800043831975,4.216937716334527,0.4788758842466694 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Carbon Dioxide Removal,TWh/yr,0.2235,1.299861111111111,6.226222222222222,18.64461111111111,41.4706111111111,71.96752777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Carbon Dioxide Removal|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.04469444444444444,0.2599722222222222,1.24525,3.728916666666666,8.29411111111111,14.3935 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Carbon Dioxide Removal|Gases,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Carbon Dioxide Removal|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.1788055555555553,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Carbon Dioxide Removal|Liquids,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Electricity,TWh/yr,543.1135833333334,629.0799444444444,742.1136666666666,871.1370833333333,917.4028888888886,911.4610277777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases,TWh/yr,530.1303055555555,508.5415555555556,327.0043888888889,76.46444444444444,30.10230555555556,24.24755555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,18.02936111111111,24.85083333333333,32.96058333333333,29.63891666666667,22.26530555555556,17.96055555555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0005277777777777777,0.0007222222222222222,0.0007777777777777777,0.08877777777777777,1.449722222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,512.1009444444444,483.6901944444444,294.0431111111111,46.82477777777778,7.748222222222222,4.837277777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Heat,TWh/yr,113.6757222222222,107.8136388888889,162.0647499999999,250.4089722222222,312.0482222222222,349.4988333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,14.64752777777778,34.14469444444445,63.15675,142.4221666666667,172.2021111111111,172.7174444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry,TWh/yr,1111.284833333333,990.7499166666666,973.844388888889,959.8605,984.1718888888888,1013.998027777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use,TWh/yr,789.4193888888889,750.6611388888888,705.8596944444445,707.6164166666666,740.7844722222221,750.5515277777777 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals,TWh/yr,150.5983055555556,128.3402777777778,125.0943333333333,105.9077222222222,80.92811111111111,76.8796111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Electricity,TWh/yr,57.02997222222222,55.25338888888889,55.65291666666667,47.50105555555556,36.14611111111111,32.46691666666666 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Gases,TWh/yr,25.80130555555555,14.18072222222222,14.95677777777778,10.55786111111111,4.661611111111111,4.027277777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,5.455222222222222,12.54408333333333,12.86613888888889,10.08186111111111,7.216888888888889,8.430222222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Liquids,TWh/yr,49.93208333333334,45.99044444444444,40.64013888888888,37.31219444444444,32.65936111111111,31.78527777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Solids,TWh/yr,12.37972222222222,0.3716388888888889,0.9783333333333333,0.45475,0.2441111111111111,0.1699444444444445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Electricity,TWh/yr,232.8119444444445,257.6641111111111,281.5213888888889,337.38375,371.1439722222223,373.1049722222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases,TWh/yr,185.7896666666667,229.4652777777778,163.6981388888888,27.35933333333334,12.72483333333333,12.59441666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,7.332472222222225,12.49705555555555,16.03844444444445,10.60311111111111,9.393194444444447,9.323194444444443 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0005277777777777777,0.0,5.555555555555558e-05,0.02622222222222222,0.7488888888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,178.4571944444445,216.9676944444444,147.6596944444444,16.75616666666667,3.305416666666666,2.522333333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Heat,TWh/yr,44.49480555555555,37.43619444444444,89.11661111111111,139.2258888888889,138.87875,146.03275 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,12.68916666666667,31.27444444444444,58.91136111111111,136.2909722222222,163.9593888888889,163.0056944444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids,TWh/yr,110.9531388888889,112.5624166666667,69.71019444444444,46.892,42.94222222222223,48.74969444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,1.68625,9.92411111111111,10.64519444444444,10.84658333333333,12.9085,15.29916666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.07097222222222223,0.03494444444444444,3.175722222222222,8.3015,20.18680555555556,31.31902777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,109.1959166666667,102.6033611111111,55.88927777777778,27.74388888888888,9.846916666666663,2.1315 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals,TWh/yr,70.61591666666666,81.48080555555555,82.81613888888889,85.21916666666667,88.43436111111114,85.63288888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Electricity,TWh/yr,11.32286111111111,12.81383333333333,15.54375,35.94433333333333,35.09841666666667,28.83827777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Gases,TWh/yr,24.19619444444444,36.04430555555555,25.45855555555555,9.716000000000001,4.706944444444445,5.93191666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,1.231527777777778,1.825305555555556,4.594416666666667,17.68519444444445,32.86788888888888,34.51536111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Liquids,TWh/yr,6.289055555555555,19.96305555555556,4.880722222222222,3.328555555555555,5.271805555555559,9.49436111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Solids,TWh/yr,27.57625,10.83430555555556,32.33869444444444,18.54505555555556,10.48933333333333,6.852972222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids,TWh/yr,202.6806944444444,82.25869444444444,42.9020277777778,20.46447222222223,11.13533333333333,7.063999999999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,65.32727777777778,73.61302777777777,42.8855,20.44991666666667,11.12311111111111,7.054833333333334 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,137.3534166666667,8.645666666666667,0.0165,0.01455555555555556,0.01222222222222222,0.009194444444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel,TWh/yr,183.5009166666666,169.5706944444444,142.4503611111111,127.5129722222222,129.04775,127.13475 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Electricity,TWh/yr,21.75327777777778,37.52036111111111,47.19077777777778,47.79755555555555,49.2341666666667,48.35208333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Gases,TWh/yr,21.87016666666668,71.15497222222221,73.31677777777777,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,21.94283333333334,79.71538888888888,79.81355555555558,78.78266666666666 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Liquids,TWh/yr,1.07325,0.4291666666666666,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Primary,TWh/yr,166.1127222222222,150.2475277777778,121.5485555555556,105.06375,105.1931388888889,103.8344166666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Secondary,TWh/yr,17.38819444444444,19.32316666666667,20.90180555555556,22.44922222222222,23.85461111111112,23.30033333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Solids,TWh/yr,138.8042222222222,60.46619444444445,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries,TWh/yr,384.70425,371.2693888888889,355.4988611111111,388.9765555555555,442.3742777777778,460.90425 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Electricity,TWh/yr,142.7058055555555,152.0765277777778,163.1339444444444,206.1408055555555,250.66525,263.4476944444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Gases,TWh/yr,113.922,108.0852777777778,49.96605555555556,7.085444444444445,3.356305555555556,2.635222222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Heat,TWh/yr,44.49480555555555,37.43619444444444,89.11661111111111,139.2258888888889,138.87875,146.03275 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,6.002416666666666,16.90505555555555,19.50794444444445,28.80852777777778,44.06105555555555,41.27744444444445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Liquids,TWh/yr,53.65877777777778,46.17975,24.18933333333333,6.251222222222222,5.011027777777778,7.470027777777777 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Solids,TWh/yr,23.92047222222222,10.58658333333334,9.584972222222222,1.464666666666666,0.4018888888888889,0.04111111111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Electricity,TWh/yr,232.8119444444445,257.6641111111111,281.5213888888889,337.38375,371.1439722222223,373.1049722222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases,TWh/yr,280.0383888888889,285.7003888888889,234.5451111111111,82.4689166666667,42.92777777777778,42.08030555555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,11.21466666666667,16.03013888888889,22.99486111111111,31.94613888888889,31.67611111111111,31.14677777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0007777777777777777,0.0,5.555555555555558e-05,0.08102777777777778,2.499388888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,268.8182222222222,269.6650833333333,211.5470555555555,50.52113888888889,11.17008333333334,8.433527777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.005472222222222222,0.004388888888888889,0.003222222222222222,0.001583333333333333,0.0005555555555555556,0.0005833333333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Heat,TWh/yr,44.49480555555555,37.43619444444444,89.11661111111111,139.2258888888889,138.87875,146.03275 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,12.68916666666667,31.27444444444444,58.91136111111111,136.2909722222222,163.9593888888889,163.0056944444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids,TWh/yr,293.3483333333334,294.9422777777778,262.2137222222223,241.6527500000001,254.5450277777777,281.4661666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,3.642333333333333,26.25308333333333,39.95622222222222,55.68366666666666,76.36136111111111,88.18108333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.1635555555555555,0.03494444444444444,11.22363888888889,42.56011111111111,119.5110555555556,180.6575 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,289.5424444444444,268.6537499999999,211.0331388888889,143.4078333333333,58.671,12.62530555555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0004722222222222222,0.0007222222222222222,0.001138888888888889,0.001611111111111111,0.002277777777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids,TWh/yr,247.9022222222222,83.7325,47.53619444444445,22.83822222222222,12.71702777777777,8.308166666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,79.42933333333333,74.92972222222222,47.51780555555555,22.82194444444444,12.70305555555556,8.29736111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,168.4728888888888,8.802805555555556,0.01838888888888889,0.01627777777777778,0.01397222222222222,0.01080555555555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids,TWh/yr,789.4499444444444,620.9235277777781,389.0970833333333,216.0518611111111,143.4469166666666,120.6604166666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,18.36930555555556,54.97063888888889,57.5245,51.8955,44.33438888888889,38.45119444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.07097222222222223,0.1635277777777775,21.18830555555556,40.61383333333333,68.4481111111111,78.0762777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,771.0096666666666,565.789333333333,310.38425,123.5425277777778,30.66441666666667,4.132916666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use,TWh/yr,321.8654722222222,240.08875,267.9846666666667,252.2440833333333,243.3874166666667,263.4465277777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals,TWh/yr,321.8654722222222,240.08875,267.9846666666667,252.2440833333333,243.3874166666667,263.4465277777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Gases,TWh/yr,94.2487222222222,56.23508333333336,70.84697222222222,55.10958333333333,30.20291666666667,29.48588888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Liquids,TWh/yr,182.3951944444445,182.3798611111111,192.5035277777777,194.7607777777777,211.6028055555555,232.7164722222223 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Solids,TWh/yr,45.22152777777778,1.473805555555556,4.634166666666666,2.37375,1.581694444444444,1.244166666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Gases,TWh/yr,94.2487222222222,56.23508333333336,70.84697222222222,55.10958333333333,30.20291666666667,29.48588888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,3.882222222222222,3.533083333333333,6.956444444444444,21.34302777777778,22.28291666666667,21.82358333333334 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0002500000000000002,0.0,0.0,0.05480555555555555,1.7505 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,90.36649999999999,52.70177777777778,63.89055555555555,33.76655555555556,7.865222222222222,5.911777777777777 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Liquids,TWh/yr,182.3951944444445,182.3798611111111,192.5035277777777,194.7607777777777,211.6028055555555,232.7164722222223 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,1.956111111111111,16.32897222222222,29.31102777777778,44.83708333333333,63.4528611111111,72.88194444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.09255555555555556,0.0,8.047888888888888,34.25861111111111,99.32427777777778,149.3384444444445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,180.3465555555556,166.0508611111111,155.1445833333333,115.6650833333333,48.82569444444444,10.49608333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Solids,TWh/yr,45.22152777777778,1.473805555555556,4.634166666666666,2.37375,1.581694444444444,1.244166666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial,TWh/yr,872.5071388888889,775.8127222222222,633.7459444444445,529.6781111111111,517.9653888888889,494.1065833333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Appliances and Lighting,TWh/yr,205.5328055555555,216.4990277777778,228.7955555555556,228.4514722222222,222.56275,213.1523888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Appliances and Lighting|Electricity,TWh/yr,205.5328055555555,216.4990277777778,228.7955555555556,228.4514722222222,222.56275,213.1523888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Electricity,TWh/yr,273.6431666666667,300.8391944444444,344.5299444444444,373.90475,361.2157777777778,339.1475277777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases,TWh/yr,342.418,276.7681666666666,160.5699722222222,45.95130555555556,13.80491666666667,7.837111111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,10.62905555555555,12.23816666666666,16.64686111111111,17.81291666666667,10.23166666666667,5.813583333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0003888888888888889,0.0007222222222222222,0.05341666666666667,0.4728333333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,331.7889444444444,264.5299722222222,143.9227222222223,28.13769444444444,3.519833333333333,1.550666666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Heat,TWh/yr,69.18094444444445,69.33755555555555,67.96716666666667,96.26738888888887,139.993,145.8920555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids,TWh/yr,143.3381666666666,96.79169444444445,43.44386111111111,9.020277777777777,2.256222222222222,1.092194444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.4701388888888888,8.065611111111108,6.775944444444444,2.147972222222222,0.6898055555555554,0.3458333333333334 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.1285833333333333,2.346305555555555,1.666388888888889,1.071611111111111,0.7050833333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,142.8680277777778,88.59750000000001,34.32161111111111,5.205916666666666,0.4948055555555556,0.04130555555555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Non-Heating|Electricity,TWh/yr,205.5328055555555,216.4990277777778,228.7955555555556,228.4514722222222,222.56275,213.1523888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Solids,TWh/yr,43.92688888888889,32.07613888888889,17.235,4.534388888888889,0.6954722222222222,0.1376944444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,41.23091666666667,30.1075,17.23497222222222,4.534361111111111,0.6954444444444444,0.1376666666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,2.695972222222222,1.968638888888889,2.777777777777781e-05,2.777777777777781e-05,2.777777777777781e-05,2.777777777777781e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Electricity|Heat Pumps,TWh/yr,19.02947222222223,27.97766666666666,50.2398611111111,85.05930555555555,92.07077777777776,92.68966666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Electricity|Resistive,TWh/yr,49.08086111111111,56.3625,65.49452777777778,60.39397222222225,46.58225,33.30547222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Gases,TWh/yr,331.7821944444444,264.5256666666667,143.9205555555555,28.13680555555555,3.519666666666667,1.550555555555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Heat,TWh/yr,69.18094444444445,69.33755555555555,67.96716666666667,96.26738888888887,139.993,145.8920555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0003888888888888889,0.0007222222222222222,0.05341666666666667,0.4728333333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Liquids,TWh/yr,143.3381666666666,96.79169444444445,43.44386111111111,9.020277777777777,2.256222222222222,1.092194444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Solids,TWh/yr,43.92688888888889,32.07613888888889,17.235,4.534388888888889,0.6954722222222222,0.1376944444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space and Water Heating,TWh/yr,666.9743333333332,559.3137222222222,404.9503888888889,301.2266388888889,295.4026388888889,280.9542222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Solids,TWh/yr,246.6075833333333,114.3348333333333,60.13700000000002,24.99886111111111,11.83080555555556,7.201694444444445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,106.5581944444445,103.7205277777778,60.12047222222222,24.98427777777778,11.81855555555556,7.1925 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Solids|Biomass|Traditional,TWh/yr,1.283444444444444,0.7061944444444445,0.2604166666666664,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,140.0493611111111,10.61430555555556,0.01655555555555556,0.01458333333333333,0.01225,0.009222222222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation,TWh/yr,575.4746388888889,487.0644444444445,397.7417777777778,325.54425,286.81275,269.1613333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus,TWh/yr,11.37961355221845,11.84762727016284,9.53911105687772,6.571076975003002,5.257475796472113,4.758503026766916 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.1309003077273428,0.6859681033601166,1.776151991963188,2.7611324498864,3.183445226739889,3.304453545355139 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Gases,TWh/yr,0.5796806402953363,0.6485981295032892,0.5425695118492028,0.36293201544975,0.2511296484137164,0.1814217658863853 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.004442764735990277,0.01825051966135444,0.05179311925197667,0.1024675791871817,0.1481643118466125,0.1761121902216539 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Liquids,TWh/yr,10.66458983945978,10.49481051763805,7.168596433813361,3.344544930479667,1.674736609471897,1.096515525303748 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation,TWh/yr,5.425821894988,4.208974599151277,2.696741315650335,1.617050250948473,1.266538703185444,1.333063080836197 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,8.076809389021672e-07,1.50232335211456e-06,3.093529350350531e-05,0.0001196966477251398,0.0002266960829142617,0.0003108729453419444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Liquids,TWh/yr,5.425821087307056,4.208973096827944,2.696710380356833,1.616930554300747,1.266312007102531,1.332752207890853 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation,TWh/yr,3.941159478121028,3.615146754875861,2.870769413689195,2.329787157590369,2.131386697848566,2.268032444066847 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Liquids,TWh/yr,3.941159478121028,3.615146754875861,2.870769413689195,2.329787157590369,2.131386697848566,2.268032444066847 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Electricity,TWh/yr,36.61377777777778,70.31669444444444,114.8171111111111,156.1196666666667,176.749,184.8150277777777 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases,TWh/yr,1.922638888888889,2.308111111111111,2.736277777777778,3.153805555555556,3.572527777777778,3.816027777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.06783333333333333,0.1156111111111111,0.2752777777777775,1.222888888888889,2.640444444444444,2.82375 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0003333333333333333,0.0,0.009138888888888893,0.228 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,1.854777777777777,2.1925,2.460666666666667,1.930916666666667,0.9229722222222223,0.7642777777777777 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,1.779583333333333,2.870222222222222,4.245388888888889,6.131194444444444,8.242722222222222,9.71175 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV,TWh/yr,346.0789525041667,282.5651264580667,223.4508854026497,175.8629486512114,149.5713586822944,137.5735262849936 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Electricity,TWh/yr,14.43236853561148,38.64209177583611,64.74194881185694,86.45457379304888,96.18087773747473,99.94603672232833 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Gases,TWh/yr,0.9582067229158058,1.067333856730081,1.475141461567527,1.978195993444086,2.51847444571643,2.936535279173722 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,1.336406582475125,1.458182846830433,1.704426676577133,1.960046381566408,2.203017947060778,2.348382737142597 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Liquids,TWh/yr,329.3519706631639,241.3975179786708,155.5293684526484,85.47013248315194,48.6689885520428,32.34257154634889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids,TWh/yr,535.1586388888888,411.5694166666666,275.943,160.1395833333333,98.24847222222219,70.81852777777777 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,16.21291666666667,36.98091666666667,40.10336111111111,38.90091666666666,30.73608333333333,22.80622222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,15.66627777777778,30.64594444444445,47.18972222222222,46.05216666666666 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,518.9457222222222,374.5884722222222,220.1733888888889,90.59272222222222,20.32269444444445,1.960111111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail,TWh/yr,24.39770823568061,26.13090581923142,26.91406757941276,27.05067899433105,28.24566938348278,29.67346931048472 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Electricity,TWh/yr,20.20958648797411,21.96001613734869,23.22963759034281,23.89887294532302,25.36331045450836,26.78449916852761 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Freight,TWh/yr,8.342542291884945,8.762873393567473,9.059514493612385,9.394009905639276,9.887006473295084,10.45498191966303 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Liquids,TWh/yr,4.188121747706492,4.170889681882741,3.684429989069931,3.15180604900805,2.882358928974442,2.888970141957131 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Passenger,TWh/yr,16.05516594379564,17.36803242566394,17.85455308580033,17.65666908869178,18.3586629101877,19.21848739082169 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck,TWh/yr,184.4026107222564,158.577686184877,131.9953452515453,111.8292957498497,100.1515782258425,93.43663041217751 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Electricity,TWh/yr,1.955157274165472,9.286122543991029,25.43910843703117,43.36768863874944,52.302903037535,55.02120678851722 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Gases,TWh/yr,0.4034774696515472,0.6119850518598892,0.7348335612493108,0.824035039616436,0.8114056087342861,0.702989818640786 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.5415973522557916,1.550172620399406,2.598005877192266,4.105116586694278,5.904113411706916,7.198445498058472 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Liquids,TWh/yr,181.5023786261836,147.1294059686267,103.2233973760725,63.53245548478944,41.13315616786639,30.51398830696111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,GDP|MER,billion EUR2020/yr,3619.792250408881,3765.87213271962,3914.756914779481,4081.65256386846,4281.366139939561,4490.53986660006 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,GDP|PPP,billion EUR2020/yr,4302.27330955716,4475.89531196094,4652.8510540344,4851.213459135962,5088.5813323359,5337.19298704662 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation,billion EUR2020/yr,205.1904152938268,212.7405593087137,224.1406072721082,233.7302527395352,241.2062821982995,246.4624893387662 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Bus,billion EUR2020/yr,0.674568140296478,0.902981764722496,1.098984190023371,1.217213456360631,1.346693785946308,1.446728686528771 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Bus|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.058520268117449,0.285342102392425,0.6590782981127381,0.9850561869468981,1.202068202831603,1.33137295391484 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Bus|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0009851862541071488,0.003745918112075,0.009599307896046001,0.019284568073962,0.030377503648628,0.038678120227559 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Bus|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,0.551120056011364,0.54234883031159,0.37045736884152,0.172838759491814,0.086546721324845,0.056665521646866 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Domestic Navigation,billion EUR2020/yr,0.010304630106765,0.009499633688382001,0.007581631794533,0.006183613382429,0.005685397694949,0.006080388096041001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV,billion EUR2020/yr,135.4754834188374,135.1150878748258,136.9127215120859,137.7961797120916,136.5880712675828,135.1811190403824 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,7.145380759478892,35.48411099663853,69.69820200052561,98.4262684210891,111.7727147631688,116.6595411636261 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,1.124658076229959,1.224118959686215,1.441287791930086,1.630146068212523,1.778844894984421,1.857618310410413 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,121.2708829684485,91.10035692922503,57.29111599205186,28.82893324068289,14.14377489551864,7.879181875037151 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|PHEV,billion EUR2020/yr,4.587117585127716,5.832292127482997,6.536265321833166,6.390933070725567,5.73170955575677,5.097080637297164 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Rail,billion EUR2020/yr,8.448958320049375,9.193617812890269,9.71222522585561,9.871435690198464,10.52096653300764,11.23660570542612 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck,billion EUR2020/yr,58.47304321367965,65.34122316794831,74.1738889821641,82.5168028074328,90.27935596233874,95.96869699488441 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,3.036688562742154,13.50244987554766,32.23361756701532,51.59799250852297,64.39369238928772,71.70504625212067 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.499948941763887,1.49854383531206,2.652174559958886,4.426843814567849,6.704355951572314,8.592242848733932 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,54.27140573735799,49.24712556529293,37.82510367411606,24.77572390139089,17.30091179590083,13.7266533660849 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply,billion EUR2020/yr,63.72623361636002,102.27204907878,108.33642597876,86.32131117456001,66.220442043,57.69784375278 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|CO2 Transport and Storage,billion EUR2020/yr,0.11403588798,1.49151011478,2.36624889438,0.9326748001199999,0.5517975065399999,0.02701334958 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|DACCS,billion EUR2020/yr,0.45284297646,2.53059493764,6.904247839440001,11.18169724686,13.57953199722,13.11628304112 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity,billion EUR2020/yr,52.84300281582,77.93108389374,76.05847748939999,58.50535848906,44.65874597352,41.72462725074001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Biomass,billion EUR2020/yr,0.2771033265,0.00617030946,7.856016000000003e-05,7.360248000000005e-05,7.255374000000003e-05,7.140966000000005e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,3.708726000000002e-05,5.815740000000004e-05,3.813600000000002e-06,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,0.27706623924,0.00611215206,7.474656000000004e-05,7.360248000000005e-05,7.255374000000003e-05,7.140966000000005e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Coal,billion EUR2020/yr,0.00114293592,0.00016036188,8.599668000000007e-05,8.590134000000005e-05,8.647338000000005e-05,8.752212000000006e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Coal|w/ CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,4.938612000000003e-05,7.417452000000006e-05,1.906800000000001e-07,5.720400000000003e-07,1.430100000000001e-06,2.955540000000002e-06 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Coal|w/o CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0010935498,8.618736000000006e-05,8.580600000000007e-05,8.542464000000007e-05,8.494794000000006e-05,8.456658000000007e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Electricity Storage,billion EUR2020/yr,5.848761295019999,11.43510591384,9.7220338383,4.03470661692,4.396123777079999,8.27943972198 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Fossil,billion EUR2020/yr,1.6868796987,0.8000729725800001,0.10705213764,0.0001251814200000001,0.0001268975400000001,0.0001296624000000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Gas,billion EUR2020/yr,1.68573456996,0.7999070809800001,0.10696061124,3.375036000000002e-05,3.489444000000003e-05,3.661056000000002e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Gas|w/ CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,3.861270000000002e-05,9.534000000000008e-08,4.767000000000003e-07,1.239420000000001e-06,2.574180000000002e-06,4.480980000000004e-06 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Gas|w/o CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,1.68569586192,0.7999069856400001,0.10696013454,3.251094000000002e-05,3.232026000000002e-05,3.212958000000002e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Geothermal,billion EUR2020/yr,0.07218744372000001,0.0052355961,0.0102361791,0.02359531524,0.04645279422,0.077747195819999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Hydro,billion EUR2020/yr,0.590252704859999,0.5069339347799999,0.36813796278,0.20716218852,0.08302779240000001,0.03089750118 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Hydrogen,billion EUR2020/yr,0.66154919628,2.5538921247,3.01536165504,1.33412799114,1.07705102232,1.52498494218 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Non-Biomass Renewables,billion EUR2020/yr,27.75111976938,37.0615253505,33.28869578538,27.93569076354,23.5205786907,20.75978217684 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Non-fossil,billion EUR2020/yr,28.68977229216,39.62158778466,36.30413600058,29.26989235716,24.59770226676,22.28483852868 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Nuclear,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Oil,billion EUR2020/yr,2.192820000000001e-06,5.529720000000003e-06,5.529720000000003e-06,5.529720000000003e-06,5.529720000000003e-06,5.529720000000003e-06 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Oil|w/ CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Oil|w/o CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,2.192820000000001e-06,5.529720000000003e-06,5.529720000000003e-06,5.529720000000003e-06,5.529720000000003e-06,5.529720000000003e-06 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Solar,billion EUR2020/yr,8.55706570236,8.38759837566,7.194333709079999,5.56992859626,5.0231304333,5.30351050026 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Transmission and Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,13.07220650106,19.55666059368,22.55520265194,19.44074707974,12.6369160953,9.459096510359998 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Wind,billion EUR2020/yr,18.53161391844,28.16175744396,25.71598793442,22.13500466352,18.36796767078,15.34762697958 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Wind Offshore,billion EUR2020/yr,8.37418613514,13.4904317142,10.38312511656,8.60910055824,6.89644159092,5.64669436212 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Wind Onshore,billion EUR2020/yr,10.1574277833,14.67132572976,15.33286281786,13.52590410528,11.47152598452,9.70093261746 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Energiewende,billion EUR2020/yr,55.93992326454,90.80036158829999,99.00470285034001,85.36543319262,71.29816025136,64.6633229445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Gases|Transmission and Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,0.36055099626,0.12512078376,0.1658458368,0.1061644269,0.0317963667,0.10269576702 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat,billion EUR2020/yr,3.22955125962,8.939118824160001,12.62171737386,11.1605361525,7.994461788180001,6.658917521340001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat|Heatpump,billion EUR2020/yr,2.90654305788,7.769375488979998,9.602205663960001,7.776370870800001,5.56094089446,4.91858459358 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat|Renewable,billion EUR2020/yr,2.90654553672,7.769381781419998,9.602211956400001,7.776377163240001,5.5609471869,4.9199215464 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat|Transmission and Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,0.32300133726,1.16972617398,3.01949445336,3.3841481205,2.43350363718,1.7361561777 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen,billion EUR2020/yr,2.181561108720001,5.262880882559999,8.528959089,8.4679820085,5.87177341548,4.06918956948 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen|Biomass,billion EUR2020/yr,4.118688000000003e-05,0.2585706606,0.4551717513,0.10340013894,0.00343929516,2.011674000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen|Electrolysis,billion EUR2020/yr,1.37011569492,3.81076668588,5.7180288942,5.49429365814,4.843300125300001,3.879588341580001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen|Fossil,billion EUR2020/yr,0.14654797206,0.04132407426,0.00102147276,0.00218643222,0.00127889076,0.0004135849200000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen|Transmission and Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,0.664856254859999,1.15221946182,2.35473697074,2.8681017792,1.02375510426,0.18916752624 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Liquids,billion EUR2020/yr,2.06590377336,4.05264960492,5.28199826868,5.1962092392,4.6564351554,2.53495626594 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Liquids|Biomass,billion EUR2020/yr,1.24549163256,3.86545657008,4.76474492298,3.0524612139,1.9346454771,1.02553739022 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Liquids|Coal and Gas,billion EUR2020/yr,3.756396000000003e-05,6.473586000000006e-05,2.097480000000001e-05,2.126082000000001e-05,2.192820000000001e-05,2.316762000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Liquids|Hydrogen,billion EUR2020/yr,0.00350593782,3.594318000000002e-05,0.51722722254,2.143721616120001,2.72176260174,1.50939065508 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Liquids|Oil,billion EUR2020/yr,0.8168685436800001,0.1870923558,5.148360000000004e-06,5.148360000000004e-06,5.148360000000004e-06,5.148360000000004e-06 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Population,million,83.526344,83.05420470000001,82.46198150000001,81.92754460000002,81.46169060000003,80.9964458 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Price|Carbon,EUR2020/t CO2,143.2710752424,261.01007531718,653.0461219056599,1045.0821683988,1437.11821489194,1437.11821489194 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Price|Carbon|ETS,EUR2020/t CO2,143.2710752424,261.01007531718,653.0461219056599,1045.0821683988,1437.11821489194,1437.11821489194 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Price|Primary Energy|Biomass,EUR2020/GJ,26.0735903505,11.92434579336,20.16212307942,43.96553464926,70.77722344476001,79.80337519938 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Price|Primary Energy|Coal,EUR2020/GJ,2.46037445346,2.20905220704,2.01617223654,1.81188883932,1.59128924052,1.55315257314 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Price|Primary Energy|Gas,EUR2020/GJ,6.40084939788,6.733028830919999,6.705456312240001,6.520696068179999,6.196494304980001,5.909117426099999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Price|Primary Energy|Oil,EUR2020/GJ,11.58004816962,11.84411546724,11.76700933758,12.01145652126,12.4586674779,12.54103990314 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy,TWh/yr,3221.852416666667,2731.56625,2452.937222222222,2291.416944444444,2311.581472222222,2435.700527777777 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass,TWh/yr,288.0381666666667,305.5575555555556,305.5575555555556,305.5575555555556,305.5575555555556,305.5575555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Electricity,TWh/yr,96.26708333333333,68.30275,45.00236111111111,26.90152777777778,18.54388888888889,20.34947222222223 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Electricity|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.1360555555555556,1.459416666666667,6.651111111111111,14.22838888888889,18.46180555555556,20.28894444444445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Electricity|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,96.13102777777777,66.84333333333333,38.35122222222223,12.67313888888889,0.08205555555555555,0.06055555555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Energy Crops,TWh/yr,12.93969444444445,0.0,0.0,0.0,2.797861111111111,5.192166666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Gases,TWh/yr,2.885305555555556,8.268944444444445,29.48975,49.69552777777778,37.06455555555556,27.06641666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Heat,TWh/yr,39.05063888888889,25.43588888888889,12.40588888888889,0.8432222222222222,0.04197222222222222,0.02980555555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.002777777777777778,8.016777777777778,9.123416666666666,9.089138888888888,8.961083333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Liquids,TWh/yr,26.16119444444444,95.31747222222222,143.5672222222222,190.5024722222222,226.7893055555556,240.2718055555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,1.395888888888889,18.34225,102.4878333333333,203.2321388888889,235.5312222222222,244.1505555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,286.6422777777778,287.2153333333334,203.06975,102.3254444444444,70.02636111111111,61.407 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal,TWh/yr,518.66125,70.01280555555556,0.1740833333333333,0.1365277777777778,0.1003333333333333,0.06838888888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Electricity,TWh/yr,282.5735555555556,46.38252777777778,0.1029444444444444,0.07772222222222222,0.05283333333333334,0.03061111111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Electricity|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.001694444444444445,0.001694444444444445,0.001694444444444445,0.001666666666666667,0.001666666666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Electricity|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,282.5735555555556,46.38083333333334,0.1012777777777778,0.07602777777777778,0.05113888888888889,0.02891666666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Gases,TWh/yr,0.021,0.01494444444444445,0.009277777777777777,0.004333333333333333,0.001305555555555556,0.001305555555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Heat,TWh/yr,38.89133333333334,11.43038888888889,0.03433333333333333,0.02875,0.02236111111111111,0.01536111111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.002722222222222223,0.003138888888888889,0.002388888888888889,0.002388888888888889,0.002388888888888889,0.002388888888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Liquids,TWh/yr,0.0,0.003722222222222222,0.004638888888888889,0.005583333333333333,0.006472222222222222,0.007305555555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Solids,TWh/yr,197.1726388888889,12.17808333333333,0.02044444444444445,0.01777777777777778,0.01497222222222222,0.01138888888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.004805555555555555,0.004805555555555555,0.004805555555555555,0.004805555555555555,0.004777777777777777 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,518.66125,70.008,0.1692777777777775,0.1317222222222222,0.09555555555555555,0.06361111111111112 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Fossil,TWh/yr,2582.875916666666,1751.370138888889,1005.547833333333,402.1655833333333,125.2288888888889,31.90155555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Fossil|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,5.653305555555558,4.239055555555556,4.209833333333333,0.022,0.02119444444444445,0.01969444444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Fossil|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,2577.22261111111,1747.131111111112,1001.338,402.1435833333333,125.2076944444444,31.88186111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas,TWh/yr,907.4043055555555,782.0029722222222,423.0309444444444,93.75541666666666,22.47241666666667,14.01858333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Electricity,TWh/yr,163.2076111111111,147.2968888888889,31.95586111111111,8.342194444444445,4.092722222222222,1.035277777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Electricity|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0009444444444444444,0.0009166666666666666,0.0009166666666666666,0.0009444444444444444,0.0009444444444444444,0.0009444444444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Electricity|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,163.2066944444444,147.2959444444444,31.95491666666667,8.34125,4.091777777777778,1.034361111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Gases,TWh/yr,618.0017222222222,550.2933333333333,367.3278333333333,82.8669166666667,16.13288888888889,11.13916666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Heat,TWh/yr,109.2201111111111,69.16538888888891,16.83791666666667,0.04455555555555555,0.03455555555555555,0.02516666666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,16.97483333333333,15.24738888888889,6.909361111111111,2.50175,2.212277777777778,1.818972222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Hydrogen|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,5.652388888888889,4.233333333333333,4.204111111111111,0.01625,0.01547222222222223,0.01397222222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Hydrogen|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,11.32247222222222,11.01405555555556,2.705249999999999,2.4855,2.196805555555556,1.805 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Liquids,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,5.653305555555558,4.234249999999999,4.205027777777778,0.01719444444444444,0.01641666666666667,0.01491666666666666 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,901.751,777.7687222222222,418.8259166666667,93.73822222222222,22.456,14.00369444444445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Geothermal,TWh/yr,9.921138888888889,55.586,163.4067777777778,277.6188888888889,347.6996666666667,391.0686666666666 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Hydro,TWh/yr,23.15797222222222,24.55791666666666,25.18819444444444,25.22602777777778,24.99366666666667,24.42219444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Nuclear,TWh/yr,0.007,0.00575,0.004305555555555556,0.002888888888888889,0.001666666666666667,0.0008333333333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Oil,TWh/yr,1156.810361111111,899.3543611111111,582.3428055555555,308.2736388888889,102.6561388888889,17.81458333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Oil|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,1156.810361111111,899.3543611111111,582.3428055555555,308.2736388888889,102.6561388888889,17.81458333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Solar,TWh/yr,123.3946388888889,254.4326666666667,417.9764166666666,549.6214722222222,651.6638888888888,740.2401944444445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Wind,TWh/yr,194.4575555555555,340.0561944444444,535.2561388888889,731.2245277777776,856.4361666666666,942.5095 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Production|Non-Metallic Minerals|Cement,Mt/yr,31.27763,35.4432,36.36871000000001,37.54664,38.72457000000001,39.81835 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Production|Steel,Mt/yr,38.18185,43.05447999999999,44.22145,45.57334,47.96085,48.37369 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Production|Steel|Primary,Mt/yr,26.91818,29.83218,29.14981,28.5571,29.0,29.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Production|Steel|Secondary,Mt/yr,11.26367,13.2223,15.07164,17.01624,18.96085,19.37369 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Bus,million,0.010235862498369,0.012653247813942,0.012897548796675,0.012285420623687,0.013281568288503,0.014445263838681 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Bus|BEV,million,0.0008657471031123372,0.003820536446075,0.008555104427381001,0.010060678830302,0.011728626708324,0.01302957115474 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Bus|FCEV,million,1.440300092281931e-05,4.236603753371514e-05,0.000137974390033031,0.000231399249725081,0.0003239415269632529,0.00039529619403773 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Bus|ICE,million,0.008291045097733001,0.007669140128268001,0.003478677599226,0.001518788037359,0.000894865851654104,0.0007525252976764597 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV,million,3.630915372091267,3.623763104009026,3.278406853473808,3.659003259008691,3.504889387873418,3.478250863092719 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|BEV,million,0.7102969346390811,2.309483288120344,2.600501491997337,3.244318880428181,3.222414144135808,3.235427577447031 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|FCEV,million,0.020735318929977,0.022746583278549,0.026643155187008,0.033143042771609,0.034064009632368,0.035048234681418 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|ICE,million,2.737024151235511,1.130327133869818,0.501450558539632,0.249024846722629,0.133136196318249,0.08831709494621201 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|PHEV,million,0.162858967286698,0.161206098740314,0.149811647749831,0.132516489086271,0.115275037786992,0.119457956018057 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck,million,0.486267055829373,0.5002524689988991,0.5163775916398821,0.51247384483758,0.522844664168822,0.542792236470085 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|BEV,million,0.031151565810686,0.109538166095393,0.250732739846088,0.310628485556433,0.353445263520854,0.379466745478156 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|FCEV,million,0.003607510315349,0.006522863784511001,0.011100828420401,0.01829336452034,0.025171301005676,0.031332326376061 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|ICE,million,0.444081126910724,0.3754308110306691,0.244633484632623,0.172418961635779,0.132496472185671,0.119667396786074 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.334277504556741,0.344316931154044,0.356570602813608,0.352922863711734,0.358781153211527,0.3717502759219281 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Truck (12t+),million,0.016290304125301,0.016813132551304,0.01680484814858,0.016585780144929,0.016990568835205,0.017773257882502 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Truck (7.5t),million,0.08472456439853601,0.08683634176167701,0.090007507304385,0.08934686587613501,0.09101742218867001,0.094403269420559 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy,TWh/yr,2738.1885,2438.958138888889,2254.532972222221,2205.065972222222,2436.405083333333,2742.756638888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Electricity|Heat,TWh/yr,2.143,15.84247222222223,48.18869444444444,82.45233333333336,103.4765555555555,116.48725 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Electricity|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,4.219638888888888,25.48397222222222,97.9353888888889,232.8574722222222,402.031,554.8374722222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Hydrogen|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.0,18.60841666666667,62.38855555555556,70.36716666666669,77.85602777777778,90.53588888888888 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Hydrogen|Gases,TWh/yr,0.0,0.001,0.0009722222222222222,0.0009722222222222222,0.1857777777777778,4.145861111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Hydrogen|Liquids,TWh/yr,0.2345833333333333,0.2343611111111111,0.2325,30.97705555555555,143.4805,245.5570833333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity,TWh/yr,583.8736944444444,707.7887499999999,914.9306666666666,1203.398638888889,1423.769944444444,1581.669638888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Biomass,TWh/yr,36.95724999999999,26.25305555555556,17.61233333333333,11.13069444444445,8.418583333333332,9.240388888888887 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.06180555555555556,0.6626666666666667,3.021111111111111,6.463305555555555,8.386472222222222,9.216527777777777 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,36.89544444444444,25.59038888888889,14.59122222222222,4.66736111111111,0.03211111111111111,0.02388888888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Coal,TWh/yr,93.5791111111111,1.810472222222222,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.01366666666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Coal|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0006111111111111111,0.0006111111111111111,0.0006111111111111111,0.0006111111111111111,0.0006111111111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Coal|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,93.5791111111111,1.809861111111111,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.01305555555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Curtailment,TWh/yr,14.71363888888889,60.86847222222222,124.7868333333333,147.0091388888889,152.0632777777778,172.7101666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Fossil,TWh/yr,217.8354722222222,113.4285,16.94530555555556,3.403555555555556,1.644833333333333,0.4231666666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Fossil|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0005,0.001111111111111111,0.001111111111111111,0.001111111111111111,0.001111111111111111,0.001111111111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Fossil|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,217.8349722222222,113.4273888888889,16.94419444444444,3.402444444444444,1.643722222222222,0.4220555555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas,TWh/yr,104.7353611111111,93.56633333333333,16.902,3.370166666666667,1.6215,0.4090277777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas|CC,TWh/yr,51.44241666666667,54.71313888888888,3.291805555555555,0.03205555555555555,0.02505555555555556,0.01591666666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas|CC|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0005,0.0005,0.0005,0.0005,0.0005,0.0005 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas|CC|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,51.44191666666666,54.71263888888888,3.291305555555555,0.03155555555555556,0.02455555555555556,0.01541666666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0005,0.0005,0.0005,0.0005,0.0005,0.0005 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,104.7348611111111,93.5658333333333,16.9015,3.369666666666667,1.621,0.4085277777777777 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Geothermal,TWh/yr,2.777805555555556,2.777805555555556,2.777805555555556,2.777805555555556,2.777805555555556,2.777805555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Hydro,TWh/yr,23.15797222222222,24.55791666666666,25.18819444444444,25.22602777777778,24.99366666666667,24.42219444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,7.145638888888889,23.95719444444445,27.021,29.89672222222222,34.76577777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Non-Biomass Renewables,TWh/yr,329.0743333333333,560.9561111111109,856.4117222222221,1161.840694444444,1383.808222222222,1537.2395 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Nuclear,TWh/yr,0.006666666666666666,0.005444444444444444,0.004083333333333333,0.00275,0.001583333333333333,0.0008055555555555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Oil,TWh/yr,2.382000000000001,0.9126944444444444,0.0001944444444444446,0.0003055555555555555,0.0003888888888888889,0.0004722222222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Oil|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,2.382000000000001,0.9126944444444444,0.0001944444444444446,0.0003055555555555555,0.0003888888888888889,0.0004722222222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Other,TWh/yr,17.139,17.139,0.04619444444444445,0.03527777777777778,0.02427777777777778,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Solar,TWh/yr,114.8489444444444,214.7669166666666,335.5271666666666,451.57875,545.8782777777778,617.7858055555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Solar|CSP,TWh/yr,0.06008333333333333,0.07150000000000001,0.09147222222222222,0.1198611111111111,0.1416666666666667,0.1573888888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Solar|PV,TWh/yr,114.7888611111111,214.6954166666667,335.4356944444444,451.4588888888889,545.7366111111111,617.6284166666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Transmission Losses,TWh/yr,30.26225,32.58533333333333,35.68677777777778,39.65955555555556,40.03025,38.24452777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Wind,TWh/yr,188.2896111111111,318.8535,492.9185555555556,682.2581388888889,810.1585,892.2537222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Wind|Offshore,TWh/yr,40.77602777777778,92.21125,156.4825,219.9984166666667,265.7304166666667,294.0126666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Wind|Onshore,TWh/yr,147.5136111111111,226.64225,336.4360555555555,462.2597222222222,544.4280833333333,598.2410555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases,TWh/yr,620.2068333333333,555.6700555555556,383.9648333333333,110.3390555555555,36.67586111111111,29.35105555555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,2.185277777777778,5.357944444444444,16.62158333333334,27.46005555555556,20.38569444444444,14.88652777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases|Coal,TWh/yr,0.01258333333333334,0.008972222222222223,0.005583333333333333,0.002611111111111111,0.0007777777777777777,0.0007777777777777777 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.00788888888888889,0.01027777777777778,0.01008333333333334,0.009527777777777777,0.1565,3.324555555555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,618.0010555555556,550.292861111111,367.3276111111111,82.86688888888891,16.13286111111112,11.13916666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat,TWh/yr,123.201,117.4251111111111,177.3892222222222,275.4549722222222,344.9811666666666,388.3320277777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Biomass,TWh/yr,18.71172222222222,12.28519444444444,6.087861111111111,0.5636388888888889,0.02088888888888889,0.01422222222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Coal,TWh/yr,27.44566666666667,8.015777777777778,0.02461111111111111,0.02052777777777778,0.01588888888888889,0.01086111111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Electricity,TWh/yr,7.143333333333334,52.80822222222222,160.6289722222222,274.8410833333333,344.9218611111111,388.2908611111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Electricity|Heat Pumps,TWh/yr,7.143333333333334,52.80822222222222,160.6289722222222,274.8410833333333,344.9218611111111,388.2908611111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Gas,TWh/yr,69.90027777777775,44.31594444444444,10.64775,0.02972222222222222,0.02252777777777778,0.01608333333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,14.88211111111111,27.5716111111111,74.9451111111111,167.5168611111111,292.0570833333334,411.2889444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.0,0.001583333333333333,4.409305555555555,5.018000000000001,4.999166666666667,4.92875 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Biomass|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0007777777777777777,4.40811111111111,5.016416666666667,4.997222222222222,4.926444444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Biomass|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0007777777777777777,0.001194444444444444,0.001583333333333333,0.001944444444444444,0.002305555555555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Coal,TWh/yr,0.001666666666666667,0.001861111111111111,0.001416666666666667,0.001388888888888889,0.001388888888888889,0.001388888888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Coal|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0006944444444444445,0.0006944444444444445,0.0006944444444444445,0.0006944444444444445,0.0006944444444444445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Coal|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,0.001666666666666667,0.001166666666666667,0.0006944444444444445,0.0006944444444444445,0.0006944444444444445,0.0006944444444444445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Electricity,TWh/yr,2.658361111111111,16.56458333333333,65.61672222222222,160.6716666666667,285.442,405.0313611111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Fossil,TWh/yr,12.22372222222222,11.00544444444445,4.919111111111111,1.827194444444445,1.615888888888889,1.328833333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Fossil|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,3.956666666666667,2.964027777777778,2.943583333333333,0.01208333333333333,0.01152777777777778,0.01047222222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Fossil|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,8.267083333333334,8.041416666666667,1.975527777777778,1.815111111111111,1.604361111111111,1.318361111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Gas,TWh/yr,12.22205555555556,11.00358333333333,4.917694444444445,1.825805555555556,1.6145,1.327444444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Gas|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,3.956666666666667,2.963333333333333,2.942861111111111,0.01138888888888889,0.01083333333333333,0.009777777777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Gas|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,8.26538888888889,8.040277777777778,1.974833333333333,1.814416666666667,1.603666666666667,1.317666666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids,TWh/yr,1087.162055555556,906.8219722222221,635.7272222222222,419.3631666666666,324.1907777777778,322.2004444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,23.85377777777778,80.53969444444448,100.7716944444444,115.414,130.0325555555555,134.0877222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Biomass|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.5723333333333334,6.130416666666667,27.96761111111111,59.83983333333333,77.64700000000003,85.33258333333332 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Biomass|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,23.28144444444445,74.4092777777778,72.80408333333332,55.57416666666667,52.38555555555556,48.75513888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Coal,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0015,0.001861111111111111,0.002222222222222222,0.002583333333333334,0.002916666666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Coal|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.00075,0.00075,0.00075,0.00075,0.00075 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Coal|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.00075,0.001111111111111111,0.001472222222222222,0.001833333333333334,0.002194444444444445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Fossil,TWh/yr,1063.136222222222,826.1064444444445,534.7811666666666,282.2541388888889,93.71188888888888,16.21486111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Fossil|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.00075,0.00075,0.00075,0.00075,0.00075 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Fossil|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,1063.136222222222,826.1057222222222,534.7804166666666,282.2533888888889,93.71116666666667,16.21413888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Gas,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Gas|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Gas|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.1720833333333331,0.1758333333333331,0.1743333333333331,21.69502777777778,100.4463333333333,171.8978333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Oil,TWh/yr,1063.136222222222,826.1049722222222,534.7793055555555,282.2519166666667,93.70930555555556,16.21194444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Solids,TWh/yr,291.8291111111111,115.8086388888889,64.77119444444445,27.37261111111111,13.4125,8.44586111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,119.3768333333333,104.3310277777777,64.49233333333333,27.35630555555556,13.3985,8.435027777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,171.1688333333333,10.77144444444444,0.01841666666666667,0.01630555555555556,0.014,0.01083333333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Bus,million,0.06346751782507301,0.074361526605226,0.07972981610775101,0.082246514531017,0.086752372753646,0.091420464612132 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Bus|BEV,million,0.002333523177729,0.013190344668388,0.036413277023064,0.05988718902548801,0.073518147870298,0.081426389505903 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Bus|FCEV,million,3.890159767587913e-05,0.000170051448794733,0.0005298528630762881,0.00116247301653,0.001839896563536,0.002342646101334 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Bus|ICE,million,0.05457721744428801,0.05370835299623201,0.036686084718509,0.017116078411903,0.008570649736463001,0.005611539417494001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV,million,47.52593650994978,46.83428071463789,45.94949007901691,45.78702175246649,45.80408247894232,45.9959816941703 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|BEV,million,1.984849332536023,11.71886606902982,22.91690219892847,33.25322134049907,38.86027140596166,41.52896576104239 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|FCEV,million,0.178280147810663,0.223871516473014,0.285490255017858,0.346599741066042,0.402302844384388,0.436280696171271 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|ICE,million,44.07003107200925,33.16980535646135,20.75137704091844,10.19755196168953,4.734638049308242,2.403155365341798 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|PHEV,million,1.292775957593842,1.721737772673709,1.995720584152137,1.989648709211847,1.806870179288027,1.627579871614847 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck,million,3.25481127746996,3.28692538570769,3.34411108365101,3.40140762576881,3.46135914624977,3.53478712630105 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|BEV,million,0.08278984418297601,0.409947127251711,1.09420559020632,1.80799708046684,2.200526167563431,2.42165306564275 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|FCEV,million,0.010715193413626,0.032589560384009,0.057578191124187,0.09395757778789501,0.141439240967941,0.184197272819646 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|ICE,million,3.119191701244301,2.79041637540499,2.12940421667119,1.4296121170553,1.04311730885478,0.8492565672228211 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Truck (0-3.5t),million,2.24706842086546,2.26102298561031,2.305030622354,2.34566888892859,2.38011094941267,2.423777948595301 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Truck (12t+),million,0.10767364862535,0.110216424911515,0.110751172123208,0.110542040588747,0.112250826142362,0.115249097230252 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Truck (7.5t),million,0.562129438191557,0.571826421597723,0.5816632263624221,0.592861477839361,0.6030539345496191,0.615115752609518 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Trade|Primary Energy|Biomass|Volume,TWh/yr,17.51938888888888,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Trade|Primary Energy|Coal|Volume,TWh/yr,-175.0743055555555,0.0,-0.1653333333333334,-0.12775,-0.09158333333333334,-0.001388888888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Trade|Primary Energy|Gas|Volume,TWh/yr,-817.21,-719.9754722222223,-411.0266388888888,-93.3814722222222,-21.89425,-12.8275 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Trade|Primary Energy|Oil|Volume,TWh/yr,-1145.835416666666,-893.1034444444444,-578.7466111111111,-304.2769444444444,-92.53480555555555,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Electricity|Volume,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,-16.94455555555556,-33.88911111111111,-50.83366666666667,-50.83366666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Gases|Hydrogen|Volume,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Volume,TWh/yr,0.0,-25.41683333333333,-50.83366666666667,-76.2505,-101.6673333333333,-101.6673333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Liquids|Hydrogen|Volume,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,-33.88911111111111,-67.77822222222223,-101.6673333333333,-101.6673333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Useful Energy|Residential and Commercial,TWh/yr,744.2261111111111,707.2462222222223,679.9601666666666,740.3079722222222,797.1847499999997,811.6601111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Useful Energy|Residential and Commercial|Electricity|Heat Pumps,TWh/yr,60.8745,94.92555555555553,184.5186111111111,340.6393611111111,398.7481388888889,427.2021666666666 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Useful Energy|Residential and Commercial|Heat,TWh/yr,65.59655555555555,66.04486111111112,64.93966666666667,92.20716666666667,134.4725833333333,140.4663611111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Useful Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space and Water Heating,TWh/yr,582.5846666666666,532.1256666666667,488.0986388888888,540.2167777777778,593.2731944444445,608.4210833333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Useful Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space and Water Heating|Electricity|Heat Pumps,TWh/yr,60.8745,94.92555555555553,184.5186111111111,340.6393611111111,398.7481388888889,427.2021666666666 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Useful Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space and Water Heating|Heat,TWh/yr,65.59655555555555,66.04486111111112,64.93966666666667,92.20716666666667,134.4725833333333,140.4663611111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity,GW/yr,21.5630331,23.5550604,22.0576959,17.2581524,12.2232144,11.8493362 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Biomass,GW/yr,0.008259200000000001,3.730000000000003e-05,2.800000000000001e-05,2.000000000000001e-05,2.000000000000001e-05,2.000000000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS,GW/yr,8.000000000000005e-06,1.730000000000001e-05,8.000000000000005e-06,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS,GW/yr,0.0082512,2.000000000000001e-05,2.000000000000001e-05,2.000000000000001e-05,2.000000000000001e-05,2.000000000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Coal,GW/yr,0.0283085,4.200000000000002e-05,3.000000000000002e-05,3.010000000000002e-05,3.030000000000001e-05,3.060000000000002e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Coal|w/ CCS,GW/yr,8.000000000000005e-06,1.200000000000001e-05,0.0,1.000000000000001e-07,3.000000000000002e-07,6.000000000000004e-07 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Coal|w/o CCS,GW/yr,0.0283005,3.000000000000002e-05,3.000000000000002e-05,3.000000000000002e-05,3.000000000000002e-05,3.000000000000002e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas,GW/yr,1.1511897,0.597539399999999,3.020000000000002e-05,3.050000000000002e-05,3.110000000000002e-05,3.200000000000002e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas|CC|w/ CCS,GW/yr,1.200000000000001e-05,0.0,2.000000000000001e-07,5.000000000000004e-07,1.100000000000001e-06,2.000000000000001e-06 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas|CC|w/o CCS,GW/yr,0.2563975,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas|OC,GW/yr,0.747782099999999,0.597519399999999,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas|w/ CCS,GW/yr,1.200000000000001e-05,0.0,2.000000000000001e-07,5.000000000000004e-07,1.100000000000001e-06,2.000000000000001e-06 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas|w/o CCS,GW/yr,1.1511777,0.597539399999999,3.000000000000002e-05,3.000000000000002e-05,3.000000000000002e-05,3.000000000000002e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Geothermal,GW/yr,0.0205687,0.0009392,0.0026814,0.006029100000000001,0.0115768,0.0189179 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Hydro,GW/yr,0.1608571,0.1478652,0.110263,0.05772629999999999,0.0153289,0.0005939000000000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Hydrogen,GW/yr,0.3017407,1.3750105,2.3347343,1.7690108,0.7453449,0.5629628 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Nuclear,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Oil,GW/yr,4.000000000000002e-06,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Oil|w/o CCS,GW/yr,4.000000000000002e-06,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Solar,GW/yr,12.8581907,13.2543534,14.4226829,11.067319,6.9194359,6.469471700000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Solar|CSP,GW/yr,0.0058211,0.0013977,0.0013809,0.0009920999999999999,0.0010712,0.0016852 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Solar|PV,GW/yr,12.8523696,13.2529557,14.4213021,11.0663269,6.918364700000001,6.467786499999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Solar|PV|Open Field,GW/yr,12.8523696,13.2529557,14.4213021,11.0663269,6.918364700000001,6.467786499999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Wind,GW/yr,7.3356552,9.554273899999998,7.5219704,6.126987399999999,5.276781400000001,5.3602602 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Wind|Offshore,GW/yr,1.7680127,2.7704124,2.2136093,1.69858,1.3761528,1.4018446 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Wind|Onshore,GW/yr,5.5676425,6.7838615,5.308361100000001,4.4284074,3.9006286,3.958415599999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Gases|Biomass,GW/yr,4.000000000000002e-06,3.870000000000002e-05,5.300000000000004e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,0.0002776 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Gases|Hydrogen,GW/yr,8.000000000000005e-06,1.200000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-07,6.250000000000004e-05,9.370000000000007e-05,1.300000000000001e-06 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Solar thermal,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Biomass,GW/yr,0.0263574,0.1173998,0.1934814,0.1107669,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Biomass|w/ CCS,GW/yr,0.0263494,0.1173838,0.1934714,0.1107569,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Biomass|w/o CCS,GW/yr,8.000000000000005e-06,1.600000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Coal|w/ CCS,GW/yr,8.000000000000005e-06,1.200000000000001e-05,0.0,2.000000000000001e-07,5.000000000000004e-07,1.100000000000001e-06 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Coal|w/o CCS,GW/yr,4.000000000000002e-06,1.000000000000001e-05,0.0005627000000000001,0.0012083,0.0007006,0.0002215 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Electricity,GW/yr,0.1950699,0.5479727999999999,1.0832048,1.4506899,1.6503919,1.3717263 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Gas,GW/yr,0.04934529999999999,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Gas|w/ CCS,GW/yr,0.0493053,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Gas|w/o CCS,GW/yr,4.000000000000002e-05,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Liquids|Biomass,GW/yr,1.450363,1.9168929,0.3740873,0.4425929,0.3161778,0.1768721 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Liquids|Hydrogen,GW/yr,0.0019421,0.0,0.0,0.1489516,0.4332964,0.4732554 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Liquids|Oil,GW/yr,0.6418859,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05,1.000000000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity,GW,291.9627885,372.9286658,467.6731091999999,530.6581373,549.7484195000001,541.8007772000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Biomass,GW,7.2441425,6.853604199999999,4.618948899999999,2.4991136,0.7429324999999991,0.0101348 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS,GW,0.0,0.0001,0.0001663,0.000166,0.0001649,0.0001621 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS,GW,7.2441425,6.853504199999999,4.6187827,2.4989476,0.7427676,0.0099728 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Coal,GW,29.082141,4.439279300000002,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.005191299999999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Coal|w/ CCS,GW,0.0,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Coal|w/o CCS,GW,29.082141,4.439179300000001,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0050913 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas,GW,35.76039020000001,34.8686691,28.5772558,10.7967905,4.969109100000001,2.2454684 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas|CC|w/ CCS,GW,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas|CC|w/o CCS,GW,14.7865213,14.1859177,13.0671381,1.8674181,0.0113247,0.0075028 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas|OC,GW,9.8989403,14.1950621,13.1270396,8.924309300000001,4.953530499999999,2.2347359 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas|w/ CCS,GW,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas|w/o CCS,GW,35.76029020000001,34.8685691,28.5771558,10.7966905,4.969009100000001,2.2453684 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Geothermal,GW,0.3730588,0.3730588,0.3730588,0.3730588,0.3730588,0.3730588 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Hydro,GW,7.5122796,8.0092544,8.3628683,8.4606591,8.2842095,7.9873249 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Hydrogen,GW,0.0,3.7717485,15.2983185,27.1471427,31.2157068,33.4196043 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Nuclear,GW,0.001,0.0008196000000000002,0.0006148999999999999,0.0004117000000000001,0.0002367,0.0001197 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Oil,GW,1.5901538,0.5262104,0.0001,0.0001491,0.0001952,0.0002339 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Oil|w/o CCS,GW,1.5901538,0.5262104,0.0001,0.0001491,0.0001952,0.0002339 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Other,GW,4.3749974,4.399480000000001,0.0162746,0.0124451,0.0085959,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar,GW,123.0246251,180.9311131,252.1438846999999,308.1526705000001,326.5552974,322.1153232 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar|CSP,GW,0.0461824,0.05240599999999999,0.0599087,0.0635834,0.0642332,0.06313579999999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar|PV,GW,122.9784427,180.8787071,252.083976,308.0890872,326.4910641999999,322.0521874 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar|PV|Rooftop,GW,122.9784427,180.8787071,252.083976,308.0890872,326.4910641999999,322.0521874 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Wind,GW,83.0,128.7554284,158.2816846,173.2155963,177.5989778,175.6443178 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Wind|Offshore,GW,12.0,26.6105311,37.70817930000001,44.80028749999999,47.8055773,48.09219240000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Wind|Onshore,GW,71.0,102.1448972,120.5735053,128.4153087,129.7934004,127.5521254 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Gases,GW,72.3424683,62.9322402,42.1139313,18.9840285,7.228222000000001,4.906264400000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Gases|Biomass,GW,0.273847,0.2569059,0.228791,0.1231068,0.0402397,0.0015356 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Gases|Hydrogen,GW,0.0,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0008776999999999999,0.0008699000000000002 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat,GW,25.238334,21.9062034,19.3381221,19.5539729,20.2829821,19.6894049 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Solar thermal,GW,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen,GW,4.2962841,9.004826,19.99073749999999,39.04198459999999,55.0103412,75.9739948 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Biomass,GW,0.0105334,0.3241958,1.3209923,2.2420235,2.2321015,2.2000321 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Biomass|w/ CCS,GW,0.0105334,0.3240958,1.3208423,2.241824,2.2318538,2.1997392 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Biomass|w/o CCS,GW,0.0,0.0001,0.00015,0.0001995,0.0002477,0.0002929 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Coal,GW,0.0002376,0.0002648,0.0002000000000000001,0.0002000000000000001,0.0002000000000000001,0.0002000000000000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Coal|w/ CCS,GW,0.0,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Coal|w/o CCS,GW,0.0002376,0.0001648,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001,0.0001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Electricity,GW,0.765559999999999,3.428239,9.6301545,19.7323433,29.338079,41.19287890000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Gas,GW,1.5134396,1.3496552,0.6329975,0.604938699999999,0.1888115,0.154925 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Gas|w/ CCS,GW,0.5398917000000001,0.4043405,0.4015228,0.3930715,0.002193099999999,0.0019791 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Gas|w/o CCS,GW,0.973547899999999,0.9453147,0.2314746,0.2118672,0.1866184,0.152946 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Liquids|Biomass,GW,3.109473,9.9901403,11.2939842,12.0928253,12.9410523,13.3850931 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Liquids|Hydrogen,GW,0.0161838,0.0161693,0.0160407,0.0155773,1.8763253,4.4957184 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Liquids|Oil,GW,104.7648855,69.2819871,38.2576063,13.0747072,4.6862385,0.9040404999999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS,EUR2020/kW,5185.7138759265,4148.571100741199,3457.142583951,3457.142583951,3457.142583951,3457.142583951 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS,EUR2020/kW,2579.9108116047,2594.538294854101,2609.165778103501,2623.7932613529,2638.4207446023,2653.0482278517 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Coal|w/ CCS,EUR2020/kW,5808.591547331161,5531.106009254279,5253.620471082059,4976.134933005181,4698.649394928301,4421.16385685142 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Coal|w/o CCS,EUR2020/kW,2382.73931998998,2363.93682511014,2345.1343302303,2326.331835350461,2307.52934047062,2288.72684549544 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Gas|w/ CCS,EUR2020/kW,2882.37052510596,2723.09368657368,2563.81684794606,2404.54000931844,2245.26317078616,2085.98633215854 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Gas|w/o CCS,EUR2020/kW,1062.47837844792,1057.71205898484,1052.94573942642,1048.17941996334,1043.41310040492,1038.64678094184 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Geothermal,EUR2020/kW,3149.2900237953,3242.072283271501,3334.8545427477,3427.63680212856,3520.41906160476,3613.20132098562 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Hydro,EUR2020/kW,2593.74772527738,2648.09370989814,2702.439694518901,2756.78567913966,2811.131663760421,2865.47764838118 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Nuclear,EUR2020/kW,7652.8840821174,7508.84754880554,7364.811015493679,7220.774482181819,7076.737948869962,6932.701415558101 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Solar|CSP,EUR2020/kW,4970.517664857361,4179.131948277301,3877.83247995906,3586.61362112592,3265.73782538346,2922.940442900101 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Solar|PV,EUR2020/kW,430.16960054544,275.8140273768599,220.51518819624,195.52233824004,181.34550142884,171.76121348778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Wind|Offshore,EUR2020/kW,3680.518023249481,2966.902379608441,2485.20725387004,2140.69362553788,1875.78205465392,1658.27391408336 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Electricity|Wind|Onshore,EUR2020/kW,1540.50854391798,1371.65823615114,1245.18370028178,1149.79146225636,1074.2592182826,1012.68260639826 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Gases|Biomass|w/o CCS,EUR2020/kW,1287.40297242732,1287.40297242732,1287.40297242732,1287.40297242732,1287.40297242732,1287.40297242732 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Gases|Coal|w/o CCS,EUR2020/kW,1544.88356695092,1544.88356695092,1544.88356695092,1544.88356695092,1544.88356695092,1544.88356695092 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Hydrogen|Biomass|w/ CCS,EUR2020/kW,3282.8775796992,2626.302063759359,2188.58505316458,2188.58505316458,2188.58505316458,2188.58505316458 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Hydrogen|Biomass|w/o CCS,EUR2020/kW,2343.07340987874,1982.6005775457,1802.36416137918,1802.36416137918,1802.36416137918,1802.36416137918 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Hydrogen|Coal|w/ CCS,EUR2020/kW,2398.86087199374,2029.80535324014,1845.27759386334,1845.27759386334,1845.27759386334,1845.27759386334 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Hydrogen|Coal|w/o CCS,EUR2020/kW,1619.98207370286,1619.98207370286,1619.98207370286,1619.98207370286,1619.98207370286,1619.98207370286 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Hydrogen|Electricity,EUR2020/kW,2154.0423327213,1359.92388000084,1002.00895046028,807.80877694818,684.9837565531799,603.88500935868 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Hydrogen|Gas|w/ CCS,EUR2020/kW,1435.90075121724,1435.90075121724,1435.90075121724,1435.90075121724,1435.90075121724,1435.90075121724 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Hydrogen|Gas|w/o CCS,EUR2020/kW,923.0790543130801,923.0790543130801,923.0790543130801,923.0790543130801,923.0790543130801,923.0790543130801 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Liquids|Biomass|w/ CCS,EUR2020/kW,5103.40095724284,4082.720765813339,3402.26730482856,3402.26730482856,3402.26730482856,3402.26730482856 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Liquids|Biomass|w/o CCS,EUR2020/kW,4505.910403590961,3604.728322853701,3003.94026902886,3003.94026902886,3003.94026902886,3003.94026902886 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Liquids|Coal|w/ CCS,EUR2020/kW,2928.84176227692,2343.07340987874,1952.56117488306,1952.56117488306,1952.56117488306,1952.56117488306 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Liquids|Coal|w/o CCS,EUR2020/kW,1866.73431001008,1866.73431001008,1866.73431001008,1866.73431001008,1866.73431001008,1866.73431001008 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Liquids|Oil,EUR2020/kW,461.5395271565399,461.5395271565399,461.5395271565399,461.5395271565399,461.5395271565399,461.5395271565399 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Carbon Intensity|Electricity,g CO2/kWh,251.4613627872126,94.24018924840837,32.2168494562211,5.435237457558465,0.2682981694775589,-1.148654077483705 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Carbon Intensity|EndUse,g CO2/kWh,230.229838729737,205.9667093603756,155.2719662586331,52.19431359821813,-30.73571569055121,-53.63198561246256 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture,Mt CO2/yr,1.5110803,5.477115499999999,21.53233,43.7796942,57.49473010000001,64.9406763 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Storage,Mt CO2/yr,0.4754007,4.441303700000002,21.49670249999999,43.7450912,53.3450609,55.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Storage|Biomass,Mt CO2/yr,0.1020612,3.696058299999999,18.983916,38.6200766,46.5037871,46.1630473 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Storage|Biomass|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2/yr,0.1020612,3.696058299999999,18.6934567,37.3412798,43.910206,42.7553942 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Storage|DACCS,Mt CO2/yr,0.0351559,0.091388099999999,0.1094877,0.094795,0.0520844,0.005234299999999001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Storage|Fossil,Mt CO2/yr,0.3381835,0.6538573,2.3591609,4.6849088,5.632583,6.968914799999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Storage|Fossil|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2/yr,0.3381835,0.6538573,0.7994174999999991,0.783298699999999,0.005375899999999,0.004545400000000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Storage|Industrial Processes,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,0.8100710000000001,2.4559038,4.6032563,6.360674599999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Storage|Industry,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,1.8943405,5.5257177,9.377394599999999,12.2348262 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Storage|Industry|Biomass,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,0.2904593,1.2787968,2.5935811,3.4076531 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Storage|Industry|Fossil,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,1.5597434,3.901610099999999,5.6272071,6.9643694 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Usage,Mt CO2/yr,0.0357796,0.0359117,0.0356276,0.034603,4.149669200000001,9.9406763 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Usage|Synthetic Gases,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0001643,0.0001643,0.0001643,0.0014422,0.0014294 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture and Usage|Synthetic Liquids,Mt CO2/yr,0.0357796,0.035747399999999,0.0354633,0.0344387,4.148227,9.9392469 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Biomass,Mt CO2/yr,0.3244058,4.558062100000001,19.015379,38.6506256,50.121279,54.5065366 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Biomass|Energy|Demand|Industry,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,0.2909407,1.2798083,2.7953336,4.023550899999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Biomass|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2/yr,0.3244058,4.558062100000001,18.7244383,37.3708173,47.3259454,50.4829857 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Biomass|Energy|Supply|Electricity,Mt CO2/yr,0.0273795,0.2103348,0.795360499999999,1.6934824,2.439651899999999,2.7897403 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Biomass|Energy|Supply|Gases,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,1.0660636,5.1160498,10.7438563,13.0849744,12.7828978 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Biomass|Energy|Supply|Hydrogen,Mt CO2/yr,0.0435127,1.338811,5.4562822,9.260775699999998,9.2195896,9.086927 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Biomass|Energy|Supply|Liquids,Mt CO2/yr,0.2535137,1.9428526,7.3567459,15.6727028,22.58172949999999,25.8234206 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Biomass|Energy|Supply|Other,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Direct Air Capture,Mt CO2/yr,0.1117445,0.1127019,0.1096692,0.09487000000000001,0.05613600000000001,0.006180400000000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Fossil,Mt CO2/yr,1.07493,0.8063515,2.3630708,4.688614499999999,6.070737100000001,8.2284734 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Fossil|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2/yr,1.07493,0.8063515,0.8007424000000001,0.7839182999999991,0.0057941,0.0053669 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Fossil|Energy|Supply|Electricity,Mt CO2/yr,0.0001645,0.0006705,0.0006705,0.0006705,0.0006703,0.0006691000000000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Fossil|Energy|Supply|Gases,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Fossil|Energy|Supply|Hydrogen,Mt CO2/yr,1.0747655,0.8053005,0.7996913999999999,0.782867299999999,0.0047434,0.0043173 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Fossil|Energy|Supply|Liquids,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0003805,0.0003805,0.0003805,0.0003805,0.0003805 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Fossil|Energy|Supply|Other,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Industrial Processes,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,0.8114136,2.457846399999999,4.9613399,7.5103001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Industry,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,1.8974801,5.530088499999998,10.1068546,14.4461433 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Industry|Biomass,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,0.2909407,1.2798083,2.7953336,4.023550899999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Carbon Management|Carbon Capture|Industry|Fossil,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,1.5623284,3.904696199999999,6.064943,8.2231065 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Carbon Sequestration,Mt CO2/yr,29.6698616,34.0079154,52.07849520000001,75.364808,86.5989979,85.11426800000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Carbon Sequestration|BECCS,Mt CO2/yr,0.1020612,3.696058299999999,18.983916,38.6200765,46.5037871,46.1630473 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Carbon Sequestration|DACCS,Mt CO2/yr,0.0351559,0.091388099999999,0.1094877,0.094795,0.0520844,0.005234299999999001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Carbon Sequestration|Enhanced Weathering,Mt CO2/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Carbon Sequestration|Land Use,Mt CO2/yr,28.2861573,28.2861573,28.2861573,28.2861573,28.2861573,28.2861573 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Carbon Sequestration|Other,Mt CO2/yr,1.2464871,1.9343116,4.698934099999999,8.363779099999999,11.7569692,10.659829 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Consumption,billion EUR2020/yr,2425.47799434948,2670.01946032752,2966.04416534832,3342.20407748724,3740.8035319872,4142.61652301028 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Cost|Total Energy System Cost,billion EUR2020/yr,154.55567237922,166.79881196496,143.00769687162,104.15385112146,79.88502723558003,66.92362488252 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Cumulative Capacity|Electricity|Biomass,GW,4.931758100000001,4.952499299999999,4.952662400000001,4.9527823,4.9528823,4.9529823 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Cumulative Capacity|Electricity|Coal,GW,8.7494942,8.820370599999999,8.8205506,8.820701,8.8208519,8.8210042 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Cumulative Capacity|Electricity|Gas,GW,36.5450713,40.91689409999999,42.4108181,42.4109697,42.4111236,42.41128129999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Cumulative Capacity|Electricity|Hydro,GW,2.2966276,3.0684332,3.7137537,4.133727,4.316365100000001,4.3561721 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Cumulative Capacity|Electricity|Solar|CSP,GW,0.0339043,0.0519515,0.05889780000000001,0.06483019999999999,0.06998839999999901,0.0768794 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Cumulative Capacity|Electricity|Solar|PV,GW,110.2854326,175.5487458,244.7343903,308.4534629,353.4151921,386.8805702 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Cumulative Capacity|Electricity|Wind,GW,78.5840803,120.808903,163.4995137,197.6219081,226.1313301,252.7239339 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Cumulative Capacity|Gases|Biomass,GW,0.0721527,0.0722593,0.0724884,0.07264580000000001,0.0726958,0.07341489999999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Cumulative Capacity|Hydrogen|Biomass,GW,0.06589360000000001,0.4252867,1.2024896,1.9631104,2.2400527,2.2401027 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Cumulative Capacity|Hydrogen|Electricity,GW,0.693304399999999,2.5509112,6.628855099999999,12.9635917,20.7162962,28.2715917 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Cumulative Capacity|Liquids|Biomass,GW,6.570069200000001,14.9882088,20.7156594,22.7573599,24.6542867,25.8869115 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Efficiency|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS,%,30.0,31.0,32.0,33.0,34.0,35.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Efficiency|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS,%,41.46277660000001,42.0,43.0,44.0,45.0,46.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Efficiency|Electricity|Coal|w/o CCS,%,44.2638577,44.0,45.0,45.0,46.0,46.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Efficiency|Electricity|Gas|w/ CCS,%,56.5044802,53.0,54.0,55.0,55.0,56.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Efficiency|Electricity|Gas|w/o CCS,%,65.19747709999999,61.0,61.0,62.0,62.0,63.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Efficiency|Gases|Biomass|w/o CCS,%,75.7388462,71.5910769,67.4433077,63.29553850000001,59.1477692,55.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Efficiency|Gases|Coal|w/o CCS,%,59.99333590000001,59.9946687,59.9960015,59.9973344,59.9986672,60.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Efficiency|Hydrogen|Biomass|w/ CCS,%,55.0,55.0,55.0,55.0,55.0,55.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Efficiency|Hydrogen|Biomass|w/o CCS,%,59.0,59.0,59.0,59.0,59.0,59.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Efficiency|Hydrogen|Coal|w/ CCS,%,53.0,53.0,53.0,53.0,53.0,53.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Efficiency|Hydrogen|Coal|w/o CCS,%,57.0,57.0,57.0,57.0,57.0,57.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Efficiency|Hydrogen|Electricity,%,63.0,65.0,67.0,69.0,71.0,73.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Efficiency|Hydrogen|Gas|w/ CCS,%,70.0,70.0,70.0,70.0,70.0,70.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Efficiency|Hydrogen|Gas|w/o CCS,%,73.0,73.0,73.0,73.0,73.0,73.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Efficiency|Liquids|Biomass|w/ CCS,%,41.0,41.0,41.0,41.0,41.0,41.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Efficiency|Liquids|Biomass|w/o CCS,%,41.0,41.0,41.0,41.0,41.0,41.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Efficiency|Liquids|Coal|w/ CCS,%,40.0,40.0,40.0,40.0,40.0,40.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Efficiency|Liquids|Coal|w/o CCS,%,40.0,40.0,40.0,40.0,40.0,40.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Efficiency|Liquids|Oil,%,92.379134,92.10580719999999,91.8324804,91.55915360000002,91.2858268,91.0125 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CH4,Mt CH4/yr,1.7567993,1.6749085,1.2903788,1.2328613,1.2319667,1.2456844 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CH4|AFOLU,Mt CH4/yr,1.1332705,1.1165138,0.9950237,0.9438527999999999,0.9340350000000001,0.9396342000000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CH4|Energy,Mt CH4/yr,0.0142988,0.0062529,0.0001997,4.000000000000002e-06,3.200000000000002e-06,2.200000000000001e-06 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CH4|Energy|Supply,Mt CH4/yr,0.0142988,0.0062529,0.0001997,4.000000000000002e-06,3.200000000000002e-06,2.200000000000001e-06 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2,Mt CO2/yr,575.3378880999999,340.4644654,125.356566,-12.0467183,-56.01213500000001,-63.9051477 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|AFOLU,Mt CO2/yr,-15.7094907,-16.0394907,-19.7794907,-20.3294907,-20.8061573,-20.622824 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|ESR,Mt CO2/yr,262.357473,176.4696152,77.79724670000002,19.6300529,4.2509724,1.7784702 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|ETS,Mt CO2/yr,328.6899058,180.0343409,67.3388099,-11.3472805,-39.45695,-45.06079380000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy,Mt CO2/yr,572.4607089,338.8617441,128.7477303,-5.2089082,-45.28992390000001,-51.0682836 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy incl Bunkers,Mt CO2/yr,600.5464665999999,361.7400287,143.9169915,1.9195261,-42.97718149999999,-50.7133013 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy incl Bunkers|Demand,Mt CO2/yr,365.5851617,249.134632,114.92416,24.4962583,-5.566381199999999,-11.6193911 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand,Mt CO2/yr,344.0117657,229.2161743,100.8751372,17.6012564,-7.826770600000001,-11.9815585 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers,Mt CO2/yr,28.0857577,22.8782846,15.1692612,7.128434299999999,2.312742399999999,0.3549823 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers|Aviation,Mt CO2/yr,19.90999284542329,15.8918959311526,10.4410640436486,4.87297619532561,1.559715300317,0.235237044760801 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers|Navigation,Mt CO2/yr,8.193490126545042,7.0008274865363,4.737770665513731,2.25995700166296,0.754486707635677,0.119969299350863 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Residential and Commercial,Mt CO2/yr,97.3014517,75.54721950000003,34.9513232,8.8865204,1.7209351,1.1200003 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation,Mt CO2/yr,126.5970438,76.50494490000001,32.0737433,7.5976485,1.581787,0.1690594 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2/yr,228.4489432,109.6455698,27.8725931,-22.8101646,-37.46315329999999,-39.08672510000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Electricity,Mt CO2/yr,149.1880311,63.45808430000002,24.8989684,4.500297200000001,0.2265418,-0.9546531999999991 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Electricity and Heat,Mt CO2/yr,179.0217914,81.3642647,30.7948317,6.416948499999999,1.4391583,-0.1975162 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Heat,Mt CO2/yr,29.8337603,17.9061804,5.8958633,1.9166513,1.2126165,0.757137 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Hydrogen,Mt CO2/yr,3.0006434,1.244074,-4.8265911,-8.6786642,-8.1457102,-7.360692100000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Industry + Processes,Mt CO2/yr,138.735096,94.89761000000001,50.34788470000001,14.7035631,-0.9934621000000003,-5.4794238 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Land-Use Change,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,-15.7094907,-16.0394907,-19.7794907,-20.3294907,-20.8061573,-20.622824 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|F-Gases,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,14.907223,12.349007,9.790792,7.232576,4.67436,2.116144 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy,Mt CO2/yr,573.8108000999999,344.4921139999999,152.5593026,42.1126852,13.7233093,6.782869400000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry,Mt CO2/yr,121.3613001,79.0983215,38.96818629999999,11.0974012,3.9735345,1.8251407 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2/yr,228.5510044,113.341628,46.5660499,14.5311152,6.4470527,3.668669 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Electricity,Mt CO2/yr,149.1966449,63.6286413,25.6930128,6.1924411,2.490112399999999,1.4080526 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Gases,Mt CO2/yr,7.7631613,7.504756899999999,5.5191729,2.712263,1.1199515,0.8232585 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Heat,Mt CO2/yr,29.8337603,17.9061804,5.8958633,1.9166513,1.2126165,0.757137 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Hydrogen,Mt CO2/yr,3.0143329,2.3296941,0.620663099999999,0.5747920000000001,0.4084576,0.33527 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Liquids,Mt CO2/yr,22.5350449,15.4709476,8.829939300000001,3.1310542,1.2130478,0.343163099999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Solids,Mt CO2/yr,16.20806,6.501407700000001,0.007398399999999999,0.0039136,0.002867,0.0017877 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross|Kyoto Gases|Energy|Demand,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,341.8281246999999,231.0227912,106.781366,28.3204417,7.815050799999999,3.4992944 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross|Kyoto Gases|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,241.0556572,119.500554,48.2554688,14.9426372,6.6574637,3.849844999999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|HFC,kt HFC134a-equiv/yr,4.945431,4.0854,3.225369,2.365338,1.505308,0.645277 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,673.8605339999999,428.2279771999999,192.5101396,48.35764469999999,1.2707359,-8.5496453 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|AFOLU,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,40.0867799,38.4329578,27.8222504,24.3862642,23.5863113,24.4371529 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Agriculture|ESR,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,51.10726349999999,49.8420901,43.11293360000001,40.22615410000001,39.8968584,40.55783349999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Demand|Transport|ESR,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,129.6777345,79.33707709999999,33.9820949,8.5699526,2.1729342,0.5469683 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|ESR,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,328.5806398,241.4646327,129.4550229,67.62035449999999,51.69526990000001,49.8215236 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|ETS,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,341.3931546999999,185.8234698,68.55500789999999,-10.6553959,-38.78834690000001,-44.36663230000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Energy,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,581.5336907999999,344.8929753,131.2252625,-4.058514499999998,-44.54071870000001,-50.50201370000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,234.4412343,112.8446688,28.4417737,-22.632075,-37.3050953,-38.8983641 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Fugitive Emissions,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,4.456771900000001,2.5862645,0.4987092,0.1536033,0.1488969,0.1822537 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Fugitive Emissions|ETS,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,4.456771900000001,2.5862645,0.4987092,0.1536033,0.1488969,0.1822537 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Industrial Processes,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,40.2400066,32.67263690000001,26.93562349999999,21.3328467,15.3209358,10.4131387 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Industry,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,153.8409151,106.8768199,59.66545580000001,22.2165018,4.139090100000001,-2.8502943 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Industry|ESR,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,38.4589775,24.4174507,10.7721803,3.145884,0.9482503,0.4894105 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Industry|ETS,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,100.4747146,70.1103622,39.1024835,11.8380418,-1.4835202,-5.4558488 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Land-Use Change,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,-11.0204835,-11.4091323,-15.2906832,-15.8398899,-16.3105471,-16.1206806 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Other,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,14.907223,12.349007,9.790792,7.232576,4.67436,2.116144 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|Kyoto Gases|Waste|ESR,Mt CO2-equiv/yr,12.0352126,12.3207953,6.636490999999999,6.791843400000001,6.956291900000001,7.107310999999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|N2O,kt N2O/yr,129.9058202,107.6115715,80.1214148,70.38365809999999,68.3526159,69.283759 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|N2O|AFOLU,kt N2O/yr,73.1158106,70.11208809999998,57.55573330000001,52.06896270000001,51.8636928,53.76632060000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|PFC,kt CF4-equiv/yr,0.102112,0.09543399999999999,0.088755,0.082077,0.07539900000000001,0.06872 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|SF6,kt SF6/yr,0.202141,0.168146,0.13415,0.100154,0.066159,0.032163 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Energy Service|Residential and Commercial|Floor Space,bn m2/yr,5.093,5.021999999999999,4.95,4.881,4.815,4.748 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Freight,bn tkm/yr,584.5686219143612,584.1895412122391,575.8698856929735,557.9022644951824,566.7548266015939,568.2745101388139 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Freight|Domestic Navigation,bn tkm/yr,38.1990456430531,39.6807567317911,35.1791193958075,30.5043775506444,28.2167917974861,28.7611908959179 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Freight|International Shipping,bn tkm/yr,1113.53063853024,1078.43026511214,918.9942065427861,811.096010609128,760.4906738332049,778.4788873274572 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Freight|Rail,bn tkm/yr,117.520069940394,119.50726274037,118.082969823655,115.71890038369,126.136798329419,134.455404727644 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Freight|Road,bn tkm/yr,428.849506330914,425.0015217400779,422.607796473511,411.678986560848,412.4012364746889,405.057914515252 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Freight|Road|BEV,bn tkm/yr,12.4698297236975,66.16764106686459,179.544506121212,271.686063253033,319.7253639401589,357.130432067251 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Freight|Road|FCEV,bn tkm/yr,2.48474244240299,8.534280329238179,16.7782000958014,26.42354459917859,33.5805801949978,37.385073871473 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Freight|Road|ICE,bn tkm/yr,411.567482815688,343.644235077675,216.332374835818,102.24115988834,47.7475093813095,8.11362943946038 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger,bn pkm/yr,1110.557245295743,1112.038072097646,1093.266656765664,1055.897038050842,1072.030711256712,1069.057191170068 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Bicycling and Walking,bn pkm/yr,90.3086618844004,83.48726252384212,84.9731469421384,82.6681140799221,82.53090647879479,68.78846498184441 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Domestic Aviation,bn pkm/yr,8.030146529974362,7.72640999584641,6.179655419082581,4.331726487572921,3.68357746406788,2.9898014505362 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|International Aviation,bn pkm/yr,191.18421536478,180.121205999536,154.539112560761,134.732521908231,122.314524085502,119.967757895613 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Rail,bn pkm/yr,147.161769476541,152.582140967021,154.891686059256,152.857210176625,169.993344726172,154.196698071061 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Road,bn pkm/yr,865.0566674048274,868.2422586109368,847.2221683451867,816.039987306722,815.8228825876773,843.0822266666266 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Road|2W and 3W,bn pkm/yr,11.7864034308746,9.52659230065917,8.716342992237,7.523881155212449,6.995625575571671,5.034432005341821 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Road|Bus,bn pkm/yr,71.58916422533233,82.3173668619317,88.67303441614888,89.08893678319829,93.0293105896493,85.4951416424253 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Road|LDV,bn pkm/yr,883.7761650638961,869.412154272847,843.522280871176,809.6191646034449,805.3244784768222,826.375550006045 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Road|LDV|BEV,bn pkm/yr,35.99444309236299,290.2913343494229,527.709907902799,671.660801839174,717.747810251708,752.692290014121 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Road|LDV|FCEV,bn pkm/yr,3.858046579863419,5.31210474527477,6.527446141508989,6.73838856323159,6.354485526196347,5.536504038806749 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Energy Service|Transportation|Passenger|Road|LDV|ICE,bn pkm/yr,802.7638992542121,511.777586527845,232.483894256194,54.8271028277413,10.943396930114,3.23875018093228 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy,TWh/yr,2149.06425,1817.74025,1419.852888888889,1133.906444444445,1052.177305555555,970.1381666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy incl Non-Energy Use incl Bunkers,TWh/yr,2546.522722222222,2129.01,1715.550555555555,1413.761833333333,1321.973222222222,1238.763194444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers,TWh/yr,108.5285,96.71697222222222,76.25230555555557,61.79311111111111,52.47552777777778,48.32511111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation,TWh/yr,76.93534763164,67.1818704021339,52.48443302170087,42.24131655469197,35.38929738647169,32.02351932429278 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids,TWh/yr,76.93534763164,67.1818704021339,52.48443302170087,42.24131655469197,35.38929738647169,32.02351932429278 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,2.198137250921864,7.52760639630575,9.597740176885864,13.98521672149714,13.85001351683828,13.61503088949839 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,3.693509497785778,9.96414714803864,15.68449670628122,17.52546649500153 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,74.73721038071832,59.65426400582805,39.19318334702945,18.29195268515619,5.85478716335211,0.8830219397927972 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Liquids,TWh/yr,108.5285,96.71697222222222,76.25230555555557,61.79311111111111,52.47552777777778,48.32511111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation,TWh/yr,31.66093609858111,29.59550496339472,23.81550444732658,19.59040128265164,17.11899246306814,16.33177793060078 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids,TWh/yr,31.66093609858111,29.59550496339472,23.81550444732658,19.59040128265164,17.11899246306814,16.33177793060078 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.90459177971825,3.316122506426555,4.355101326376139,6.485972264719722,6.699716991238805,6.943573526501166 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,1.675978700853822,4.621106939617472,7.587118160884611,8.937869196326087 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,30.75634431886278,26.27938245696809,17.78442442009658,8.483322078314414,2.83215731094475,0.4503352077735083 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Carbon Dioxide Removal,TWh/yr,0.2235,0.2254166666666667,0.2193333333333334,0.1897499999999997,0.1122777777777778,0.01236111111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Carbon Dioxide Removal|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.04469444444444444,0.04508333333333333,0.04386111111111111,0.03794444444444444,0.02244444444444445,0.002472222222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Carbon Dioxide Removal|Gases,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Carbon Dioxide Removal|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.08980555555555554,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Carbon Dioxide Removal|Liquids,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Electricity,TWh/yr,554.0432777777778,617.2201944444444,701.7824166666667,733.215,733.2204444444445,684.62575 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases,TWh/yr,489.5107777777778,440.66125,300.7940277777778,103.5778888888889,43.90541666666667,35.14858333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,18.01736111111111,22.28994444444445,33.25333333333333,29.37216666666666,23.62544444444445,22.10833333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0007222222222222222,0.0004722222222222222,0.0007777777777777777,0.006722222222222221,0.006694444444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,471.4934444444444,418.3705833333333,267.5402222222222,74.20494444444445,20.27325,13.03355555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Heat,TWh/yr,100.8107777777778,87.64030555555556,68.40305555555555,63.46591666666667,64.30941666666666,62.10916666666666 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,13.43988888888889,39.90269444444444,66.42966666666666,111.7393888888889,132.0371111111111,130.1696666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry,TWh/yr,1053.524055555556,857.3756666666667,745.9621388888888,683.1057777777778,676.7534166666667,669.2583055555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use,TWh/yr,764.5940833333333,642.8228611111111,526.5168055555555,465.0435,459.433,448.9583888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals,TWh/yr,139.5252222222222,121.2491111111111,102.4363333333333,91.55608333333333,72.26063888888889,64.28847222222223 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Electricity,TWh/yr,55.36308333333333,52.38736111111111,43.94402777777778,43.87105555555556,32.75675,25.43966666666666 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Gases,TWh/yr,23.62241666666667,16.75022222222222,13.02738888888889,18.86055555555555,11.63463888888889,9.03202777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,5.065361111111111,14.75827777777778,12.16436111111111,5.90875,5.962027777777778,8.759416666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Liquids,TWh/yr,47.72375,36.97013888888889,33.05988888888889,22.68925,21.77869444444445,20.92347222222223 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Solids,TWh/yr,7.750611111111111,0.3830833333333333,0.2406388888888889,0.2265,0.1285277777777778,0.1338888888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Electricity,TWh/yr,220.4813888888889,217.1801111111111,231.5726944444445,245.3665555555555,251.6551111111111,249.3126111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases,TWh/yr,170.6407777777778,158.4273611111111,138.8934444444444,43.57797222222222,24.54755555555555,19.41222222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,6.994416666666666,8.10913888888889,16.46197222222223,12.31277777777778,13.19497222222222,12.19 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0001111111111111112,0.0004722222222222222,5.555555555555558e-05,0.001055555555555555,0.001083333333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,163.6463611111111,150.3181111111112,122.4309722222222,31.26513888888889,11.35152777777778,7.221138888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Heat,TWh/yr,44.66072222222223,31.30283333333333,22.10277777777778,24.27419444444444,15.87797222222222,15.76041666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,11.16902777777778,35.17527777777778,59.60047222222222,103.6145277777778,123.5706666666667,122.7473888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids,TWh/yr,109.1386388888889,83.50744444444445,62.04980555555555,38.53127777777778,35.60772222222222,34.10205555555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,1.411055555555556,9.64377777777778,11.32180555555556,12.791,13.81905555555556,14.34636111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.04063888888888889,0.02116666666666667,4.296027777777778,9.047166666666667,15.69769444444444,18.53816666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,107.6869444444444,73.84247222222226,46.43197222222222,16.69311111111111,6.090944444444444,1.217527777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals,TWh/yr,77.69897222222222,48.07702777777778,43.78819444444444,46.18372222222222,50.45516666666666,44.91655555555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Electricity,TWh/yr,10.20944444444444,11.02736111111111,11.14405555555556,11.21475,10.73083333333333,10.03697222222223 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Gases,TWh/yr,19.99838888888889,19.31686111111111,11.56922222222222,10.4285,6.053833333333333,4.507722222222221 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.9403888888888889,3.702416666666666,8.7845,11.37908333333333,19.52422222222222,16.84497222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Liquids,TWh/yr,5.342305555555555,7.142777777777777,6.181388888888889,6.030305555555556,6.567638888888888,6.477944444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Non-Metallic Minerals|Solids,TWh/yr,41.20841666666666,6.887638888888889,6.109,7.131083333333334,7.578638888888889,7.048972222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids,TWh/yr,208.5035,117.2298611111111,12.29763888888889,9.679,8.174,7.623694444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,67.3433888888889,47.90661111111111,12.25436111111111,9.642583333333336,8.142222222222223,7.59775 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,141.1601388888889,69.32325,0.04327777777777778,0.03641666666666667,0.03177777777777778,0.02594444444444445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel,TWh/yr,183.5009166666666,182.2161666666667,143.3040277777778,126.2144722222222,126.6280833333333,123.9563888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Electricity,TWh/yr,21.75327777777778,31.48580555555555,46.74416666666666,47.2713611111111,48.31102777777778,47.14330555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Gases,TWh/yr,21.87016666666668,49.66397222222222,78.48819444444445,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,16.65102777777778,78.94308333333333,78.31705555555556,76.81308333333334 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Liquids,TWh/yr,1.07325,0.7122777777777778,0.009194444444444444,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Primary,TWh/yr,166.1127222222222,162.893,122.5328611111111,104.0458611111111,103.2207777777778,101.2385555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Secondary,TWh/yr,17.38819444444444,19.32316666666667,20.77116666666668,22.16861111111111,23.40733333333334,22.71783333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Steel|Solids,TWh/yr,138.8042222222222,100.3540555555556,1.411472222222222,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries,TWh/yr,363.8689722222222,291.2805833333334,236.98825,201.08925,210.0891111111111,215.797 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Electricity,TWh/yr,133.1555833333333,122.2795833333333,129.7404444444444,143.0093888888889,159.8564722222222,166.6926944444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Gases,TWh/yr,105.1498055555556,72.69630555555555,35.80861111111111,14.28891666666667,6.859083333333333,5.872472222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Heat,TWh/yr,44.66072222222223,31.30283333333333,22.10277777777778,24.27419444444444,15.87797222222222,15.76041666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,5.163250000000001,16.71458333333333,22.00055555555556,7.383611111111111,19.76736111111112,20.32986111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Liquids,TWh/yr,54.99936111111111,38.68222222222222,22.79933333333333,9.811694444444443,7.261388888888888,6.700666666666666 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|other Industries|Solids,TWh/yr,20.74025,9.605083333333337,4.536527777777777,2.321444444444444,0.4668611111111111,0.4408611111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Electricity,TWh/yr,220.4813888888889,217.1801111111111,231.5726944444445,245.3665555555555,251.6551111111111,249.3126111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases,TWh/yr,256.9302777777778,224.8521388888889,200.6013611111111,142.0255555555555,99.92930555555552,85.54033333333334 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,10.88586111111111,11.26125,23.89738888888889,40.11652777777778,53.68594444444444,53.68594444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0001111111111111112,0.0007777777777777777,5.555555555555558e-05,0.001055555555555555,0.001083333333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,246.0391111111111,213.5870277777778,176.7003333333333,101.9072222222222,46.24166666666667,31.85266666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.005305555555555556,0.003777777777777777,0.002888888888888889,0.001722222222222222,0.0006388888888888888,0.0006388888888888888 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Heat,TWh/yr,44.66072222222223,31.30283333333333,22.10277777777778,24.27419444444444,15.87797222222222,15.76041666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,11.16902777777778,35.17527777777778,59.60047222222222,103.6145277777778,123.5706666666667,122.7473888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids,TWh/yr,283.4671388888889,230.1163611111111,218.6473055555555,156.9637222222222,176.7136944444444,187.2936388888888 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,2.41575,27.58255555555555,39.89905555555555,52.09483333333333,68.51369444444444,78.72111111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.06786111111111111,0.02116666666666667,15.03727777777778,36.81808333333333,77.86897222222225,101.7761388888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,280.9835,202.5121666666667,163.7101666666666,68.04958333333333,30.32930555555556,6.794111111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Synthetic Fossil,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0004444444444444445,0.0008333333333333333,0.001222222222222222,0.00175,0.002305555555555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids,TWh/yr,236.8154722222222,118.7489722222222,13.43752777777778,10.86125,9.006666666666664,8.603916666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,76.23919444444444,48.51897222222222,13.39002777777778,10.82025,8.971694444444447,8.574638888888888 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,160.5763055555556,70.22997222222226,0.0475,0.04097222222222222,0.03497222222222222,0.02927777777777777 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids,TWh/yr,742.4138888888889,497.4080833333334,255.8075,108.2369722222222,70.16266666666667,50.41794444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,20.39888888888889,49.91441666666667,46.56261111111112,35.95875,27.29522222222223,21.25186111111112 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.09986111111111111,0.1270833333333333,17.89694444444444,25.41594444444444,30.97658333333333,27.42536111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,721.9151388888888,447.3665833333333,191.3479166666666,46.86227777777777,11.89086111111111,1.740694444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use,TWh/yr,288.9299722222222,214.5528055555556,219.4453333333333,218.0622777777778,217.3204166666666,220.2999166666666 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals,TWh/yr,288.9299722222222,214.5528055555556,219.4453333333333,218.0622777777778,217.3204166666666,220.2999166666666 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Gases,TWh/yr,86.2895,66.42477777777778,61.70794444444444,98.44758333333333,75.38175000000003,66.12811111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Liquids,TWh/yr,174.3285,146.6089166666667,156.5975277777778,118.4324444444445,141.106,153.1915833333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Chemicals|Solids,TWh/yr,28.31197222222222,1.519111111111111,1.139888888888889,1.18225,0.8326666666666663,0.9802222222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Gases,TWh/yr,86.2895,66.42477777777778,61.70794444444444,98.44758333333333,75.38175000000003,66.12811111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,3.891472222222222,3.152083333333333,7.435416666666666,27.80375,40.49097222222223,41.49594444444445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0002777777777777778,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,82.39802777777778,63.27269444444444,54.27225,70.64383333333333,34.89080555555555,24.63216666666666 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Liquids,TWh/yr,174.3285,146.6089166666667,156.5975277777778,118.4324444444445,141.106,153.1915833333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,1.004722222222222,17.93877777777778,28.57722222222222,39.30383333333333,54.69461111111111,64.37475000000003 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.02722222222222222,0.0,10.74127777777778,27.77094444444444,62.17127777777777,83.23797222222225 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,173.2965555555555,128.6701388888889,117.2790277777778,51.35766666666666,24.24008333333334,5.578861111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Solids,TWh/yr,28.31197222222222,1.519111111111111,1.139888888888889,1.18225,0.8326666666666663,0.9802222222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial,TWh/yr,848.030611111111,769.7135555555556,603.8404444444444,461.1716388888889,423.2938888888889,398.0836666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Appliances and Lighting,TWh/yr,208.9775833333333,215.5502222222222,222.0141111111111,212.97625,214.1254444444445,212.4906944444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Appliances and Lighting|Electricity,TWh/yr,208.9775833333333,215.5502222222222,222.0141111111111,212.97625,214.1254444444445,212.4906944444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Electricity,TWh/yr,296.4169444444445,319.9591388888889,349.9934722222222,354.3601666666667,354.72775,335.4840833333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases,TWh/yr,317.0028611111111,280.1872777777778,159.9304166666667,58.27141666666666,17.949,15.19272222222223 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,10.95161111111111,14.07761111111111,16.57011111111111,16.57011111111111,9.673333333333332,9.57686111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0003611111111111111,0.0,0.0007222222222222222,0.005611111111111111,0.005555555555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,306.0512777777778,266.1093055555556,143.3603055555555,41.70058333333333,8.270083333333334,5.610277777777777 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Heat,TWh/yr,55.97125,56.15716666666666,46.12477777777778,39.03991666666666,48.43144444444444,46.33886111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids,TWh/yr,138.2974166666667,95.73213888888885,33.45319444444444,5.507805555555556,1.817444444444445,1.024694444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,1.829333333333333,10.07405555555555,6.156083333333333,1.828305555555556,0.7068055555555556,0.4320555555555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.05922222222222222,0.1058888888888889,2.365972222222222,1.296972222222222,0.8023333333333332,0.55775 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,136.4088611111111,85.55219444444445,24.93113888888889,2.382527777777778,0.3083333333333333,0.03488888888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Non-Heating|Electricity,TWh/yr,208.9775833333333,215.5502222222222,222.0141111111111,212.97625,214.1254444444445,212.4906944444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Solids,TWh/yr,40.34211111111111,17.67783333333334,14.33858333333334,3.992333333333333,0.3682222222222222,0.04333333333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,37.86616666666666,16.59288888888889,14.29719444444444,3.9815,0.3611666666666667,0.04333333333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,2.475944444444444,1.084944444444444,0.04138888888888888,0.01080555555555555,0.007083333333333333,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Electricity|Heat Pumps,TWh/yr,24.27911111111111,33.01197222222223,51.37938888888889,76.72888888888889,84.31544444444444,80.33652777777777 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Electricity|Resistive,TWh/yr,63.16025,71.39694444444444,76.59997222222222,64.65502777777778,56.28686111111111,42.65688888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Gases,TWh/yr,306.0446944444444,266.1046111111111,143.3579444444445,41.69988888888889,8.269944444444445,5.610166666666666 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Heat,TWh/yr,55.97125,56.15716666666666,46.12477777777778,39.03991666666666,48.43144444444444,46.33886111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0003611111111111111,0.0,0.0007222222222222222,0.005611111111111111,0.005555555555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Liquids,TWh/yr,138.2974166666667,95.73213888888885,33.45319444444444,5.507805555555556,1.817444444444445,1.024694444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Solids,TWh/yr,40.34211111111111,17.67783333333334,14.33858333333334,3.992333333333333,0.3682222222222222,0.04333333333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space and Water Heating,TWh/yr,639.0530277777779,554.1633333333333,381.8263333333334,248.1953611111111,209.1684444444444,185.593 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Solids,TWh/yr,248.8456111111111,134.9076944444444,26.63622222222222,13.67130555555556,8.542222222222222,7.667027777777777 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,105.2095277777778,64.4995,26.55155555555556,13.62408333333333,8.503388888888885,7.641083333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Solids|Biomass|Traditional,TWh/yr,1.283444444444444,0.7061944444444445,0.2604166666666664,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,143.6360833333333,70.40819444444445,0.08469444444444445,0.04725,0.03883333333333334,0.02594444444444445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation,TWh/yr,536.2160833333334,404.9784166666666,289.2762777777778,207.5015555555556,169.3381388888889,123.0837222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus,TWh/yr,10.87823179314139,9.232355570428833,6.242703101548194,4.126496367886,3.37305009910175,2.510958640569216 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.4041818334842417,1.618318903975405,2.743541150025638,2.971402851554333,2.834640653707833,2.353121084059264 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Gases,TWh/yr,0.6291448323472083,0.5445355477941722,0.3298176683499972,0.18543306269595,0.1235465601560564,0.02214829385022361 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.008893941258314443,0.03114283938992917,0.06699714417668555,0.09911335941085861,0.10494208791797,0.08873507856897916 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Bus|Liquids,TWh/yr,9.83601118605164,7.038358279269305,3.102347138995861,0.87054709422485,0.3099207973198916,0.04695418409074888 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation,TWh/yr,6.115210448394278,5.453279153680306,3.971450839687555,2.569430797844214,2.015903495958847,1.508493289434955 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,1.451636024779701e-06,3.733788561202419e-06,0.0001037434529647956,0.0004247313715913889,0.0009434051978591666,0.001708373605409445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Liquids,TWh/yr,6.11520899675825,5.453275419891749,3.971347096234583,2.569006066472622,2.014960090760988,1.506784915829547 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation,TWh/yr,4.054516242792055,4.065168730002777,3.403273959295833,2.75041466258745,2.371138309916489,2.252467028556642 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Liquids,TWh/yr,4.054516242792055,4.065168730002777,3.403273959295833,2.75041466258745,2.371138309916489,2.252467028556642 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Electricity,TWh/yr,37.10025,80.03588888888889,120.1723888888889,133.4503333333334,126.8151388888889,99.82661111111112 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases,TWh/yr,1.867138888888889,2.046611111111111,1.970166666666667,1.7285,1.408861111111111,0.5436666666666666 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.07136111111111111,0.1031666666666667,0.22125,0.4892777777777778,0.7571388888888888,0.3414722222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0002500000000000002,0.0,0.0,8.333333333333338e-05,5.555555555555558e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,1.795777777777777,1.943166666666667,1.748916666666667,1.239222222222222,0.6516666666666667,0.2021388888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,2.270861111111111,4.727416666666667,6.829222222222223,8.124861111111109,8.376638888888888,7.422305555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV,TWh/yr,317.7979800741639,226.5771766684109,152.8740253371045,102.2748748702433,79.98802608844197,49.87902089704028 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Electricity,TWh/yr,13.17654543722708,42.15032249843889,62.78030858876834,67.94066536569086,61.33890336238056,39.72710275502389 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Gases,TWh/yr,0.7977617512517475,0.8809589782247389,1.02966678419775,0.99240236488485,0.8366265663973028,0.4376926147380608 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,1.119800697946303,1.242254973018792,1.30248891100525,1.159705510611327,0.9349920846949082,0.5067010643356111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Liquids,TWh/yr,302.7038721877389,182.3036402187286,87.76156105313305,32.18210162905611,16.87750407496925,9.207524462942695 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids,TWh/yr,494.9778333333333,318.1685,160.3045277777778,64.19791666666667,32.7375,15.29116666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,17.1585,30.19658333333333,29.08475,21.33944444444445,12.76936111111111,6.473444444444445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,11.23494444444444,15.07180555555556,14.47658333333334,8.329444444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,477.8193333333333,287.9719166666667,119.9848055555555,27.78663888888889,5.491583333333334,0.4882777777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail,TWh/yr,23.08291259254706,23.13017525897306,22.35036149921155,20.99827920975706,22.15408232336308,20.25148112974567 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Electricity,TWh/yr,20.00211395472823,20.48518907528422,20.32752273972425,19.59251970985172,21.19948141978872,19.63055724361798 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Freight,TWh/yr,7.306554828451475,7.150134623612889,6.695674998545528,6.1711973085145,6.314223314195164,6.400214375887278 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Liquids,TWh/yr,3.080798637818809,2.644986183688859,2.022838759487299,1.405759499905333,0.9546009035743858,0.620923886127732 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Passenger,TWh/yr,15.77635776409558,15.98004063536017,15.65468650066603,14.82708190124255,15.83985900916792,13.85126675385842 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck,TWh/yr,174.8172321099572,137.0999685129564,100.8254854006247,74.88902813184225,59.3647228623025,46.64072146587972 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Electricity,TWh/yr,3.445380452004611,15.65794152563747,34.29831037313944,43.10203817306305,41.66734004970834,38.24391791457139 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Gases,TWh/yr,0.4316553512686055,0.6146067515849721,0.6075537741846363,0.5504234849406167,0.4493131378276417,0.08368881368083389 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,1.136447407296286,3.449817790044083,5.465095676129333,6.803467791839919,7.138753474848222,6.719661151927055 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Liquids,TWh/yr,169.8037488993878,117.3776024456897,60.45452557717114,24.43309868199864,10.10931619991836,1.593453585700453 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,GDP|MER,billion EUR2020/yr,3628.79384572572,3801.0011879658,3970.57483373418,4152.05894388726,4380.661836677699,4606.131938965201 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,GDP|PPP,billion EUR2020/yr,4312.97207919522,4517.64765188016,4719.192967150621,4934.894363523601,5206.598388660479,5474.578962152999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation,billion EUR2020/yr,198.0771552064915,203.3074324627174,207.8614984886451,201.5110596605643,196.8367307805931,188.9558316791528 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Bus,billion EUR2020/yr,0.763564426238282,1.135989970375257,1.327146111472957,1.309737355170466,1.3858765939583,1.291710943144263 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Bus|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.182146821505652,0.696318025258418,1.105313751472142,1.214159514626439,1.323066164911274,1.259574907016943 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Bus|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.001989086989366,0.006597039615493,0.013451713290298,0.021376974657512,0.026526706016535,0.025899423144984 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Bus|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,0.509848116861212,0.371720775066986,0.169711949014756,0.05092183049942101,0.019554736428938,0.00310876044771 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Domestic Navigation,billion EUR2020/yr,0.01069341030011,0.011108199317777,0.009848014560655,0.008539371065618001,0.007898986138628,0.008051384787038 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV,billion EUR2020/yr,129.0071333082719,123.3242261428004,116.5856812229758,105.9382062745768,96.67858417755446,89.81921697866292 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,6.156430874906521,41.29051318862511,73.81947418720989,88.77542391695377,86.83906818092353,82.19951970325948 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,0.985002493218827,1.123906559862643,1.233509768007188,1.148490134279637,0.9622892914019281,0.7572691330547601 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,116.0985991006253,72.91419557065801,32.32133502416256,7.409489562325722,1.469095201781686,0.430000148953349 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|LDV|PHEV,billion EUR2020/yr,4.596935396132523,6.699722540681438,7.695817095168829,7.101066549195762,6.065886455991546,5.378007013363555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Rail,billion EUR2020/yr,8.472380252998894,8.788112390038078,9.055159753182092,9.080252810403444,10.31150540766029,9.545081393162967 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck,billion EUR2020/yr,57.85283632449727,68.07527443651622,78.99608213195026,83.3848863439737,86.54281911708473,86.28971981178566 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|BEV,billion EUR2020/yr,5.717341717534649,24.80829632827487,50.00018640704854,64.26486880172443,70.7953395282604,74.57654187663503 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|FCEV,billion EUR2020/yr,1.01772561037784,3.211313498306699,5.453698880991659,7.773581437210872,9.628588505698753,10.58655949103667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Transportation|Truck|ICE,billion EUR2020/yr,50.40219696779442,38.94663334529907,22.26372722154196,10.03621735982065,4.81793916959715,0.844098119374706 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply,billion EUR2020/yr,53.20224059892,67.05015011981999,54.36430610856,36.03513419058001,23.45912510088,19.24150936134 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|CO2 Transport and Storage,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1081956456,0.7350117171599999,1.24184154066,0.81191524932,0.48345512502,0.16266758256 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|DACCS,billion EUR2020/yr,0.10711410864,0.0086907177,0.00204447096,0.0020383692,0.00203245812,0.00202664238 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity,billion EUR2020/yr,46.80653927502001,55.12053440795999,41.45823766139999,26.5380501246,16.12076020506,14.04648548436 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Biomass,billion EUR2020/yr,0.24882100152,0.0007104736800000001,0.00010544604,7.360248000000005e-05,7.255374000000003e-05,7.140966000000005e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,3.708726000000002e-05,7.608132000000007e-05,3.069948000000003e-05,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,0.24878391426,0.0006343923600000001,7.474656000000004e-05,7.360248000000005e-05,7.255374000000003e-05,7.140966000000005e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Coal,billion EUR2020/yr,0.09342900504000001,0.01055499606,8.599668000000007e-05,8.590134000000005e-05,8.647338000000005e-05,8.752212000000006e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Coal|w/ CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,4.938612000000003e-05,7.417452000000006e-05,1.906800000000001e-07,5.720400000000003e-07,1.430100000000001e-06,2.955540000000002e-06 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Coal|w/o CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,0.09337961891999999,0.01048082154,8.580600000000007e-05,8.542464000000007e-05,8.494794000000006e-05,8.456658000000007e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Electricity Storage,billion EUR2020/yr,3.57834006474,4.84097516406,4.30627335894,2.68197416886,1.33094659068,2.17143352188 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Fossil,billion EUR2020/yr,1.37254696026,0.5540158776599999,0.07846806156,0.0001251814200000001,0.0001268975400000001,0.0001296624000000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Gas,billion EUR2020/yr,1.2791157624,0.5434553518799999,0.07837653516,3.375036000000002e-05,3.489444000000003e-05,3.661056000000002e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Gas|w/ CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,3.861270000000002e-05,9.534000000000008e-08,4.767000000000003e-07,1.239420000000001e-06,2.574180000000002e-06,4.480980000000004e-06 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Gas|w/o CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,1.27907705436,0.5434552565399999,0.07837605846000001,3.251094000000002e-05,3.232026000000002e-05,3.212958000000002e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Geothermal,billion EUR2020/yr,0.07353602802,0.00527125326,0.01016677158,0.02346441342,0.04623694446,0.07741979825999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Hydro,billion EUR2020/yr,0.48633181884,0.44512920774,0.35882372148,0.22843282854,0.09138586884,0.01148885136 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Hydrogen,billion EUR2020/yr,0.21143275314,0.85576163862,1.36331042106,1.03297019196,0.43522576524,0.328728220379999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Non-Biomass Renewables,billion EUR2020/yr,25.1910570492,26.95193517492,17.08891530948,12.26834538426,8.990803877580001,8.3414558178 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Non-fossil,billion EUR2020/yr,25.65131080386,27.80840728722,18.45233117658,13.3013891787,9.42610219656,8.67025544784 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Nuclear,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Oil,billion EUR2020/yr,2.192820000000001e-06,5.529720000000003e-06,5.529720000000003e-06,5.529720000000003e-06,5.529720000000003e-06,5.529720000000003e-06 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Oil|w/ CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Oil|w/o CCS,billion EUR2020/yr,2.192820000000001e-06,5.529720000000003e-06,5.529720000000003e-06,5.529720000000003e-06,5.529720000000003e-06,5.529720000000003e-06 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Solar,billion EUR2020/yr,6.48259334184,3.73314533886,3.4348222839,2.40901889508,1.43736414528,1.2437322282 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Transmission and Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,11.97794489262,14.7866629134,13.485285261,9.02709237906,5.36358452028,3.20466704292 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Wind,billion EUR2020/yr,18.1485958605,22.76838937506,13.28510253252,9.607429247219999,7.415816919000001,7.008814939980001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Wind Offshore,billion EUR2020/yr,8.51792748828,11.97947843652,5.971881464220001,4.0040120946,2.81680094598,2.57833796808 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Wind Onshore,billion EUR2020/yr,9.630668372219999,10.78891093854,7.3132210683,5.603417152620001,4.599015973019999,4.430476971899999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Energiewende,billion EUR2020/yr,46.0700575104,55.08004408199999,44.04535272521999,31.71953248002,20.69109209034,16.83693121278 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Gases|Transmission and Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0280118454,0.12163591608,0.2285147256,0.19118215578,0.08378107374,0.04126772832 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat,billion EUR2020/yr,1.11716370654,2.03131585146,1.66858843368,1.28400413022,0.988980792659999,0.61337313156 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat|Heatpump,billion EUR2020/yr,1.08012297246,2.03068088706,1.65937325064,1.08075212112,0.5558503146,0.32853334542 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat|Renewable,billion EUR2020/yr,1.0801254513,2.0313049827,1.66030729662,1.08076003434,0.5558566070400001,0.32853963786 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat|Transmission and Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,0.03703377426,0.0,0.008270268300000001,0.20323313178,0.43311331686,0.28158688068 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen,billion EUR2020/yr,1.626014166,2.97215242296,3.76245380826,3.459984893400001,2.01718198248,1.0972752105 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen|Biomass,billion EUR2020/yr,0.13244470722,0.5259474956400001,0.682930049339999,0.4136936076,0.21264338046,2.011674000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen|Electrolysis,billion EUR2020/yr,0.5150282054399999,1.01360492184,1.38604071648,1.3506736761,1.21449421506,1.09684131816 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen|Fossil,billion EUR2020/yr,0.15488154612,0.04574336927999999,0.0010301487,0.00219939846,0.00127889076,0.0004137756000000002 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen|Transmission and Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,0.8236597072199999,1.3868566362,1.6924527984,1.69341821124,0.58876540086,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Liquids,billion EUR2020/yr,1.36234014588,2.21120746308,2.29933689888,2.1684849417,1.996657377959999,1.36313623488 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Liquids|Biomass,billion EUR2020/yr,0.92221256988,2.13404260398,2.299310871059999,1.89200818968,1.3808926425,0.91140473214 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Liquids|Coal and Gas,billion EUR2020/yr,3.756396000000003e-05,6.473586000000006e-05,2.097480000000001e-05,2.126082000000001e-05,2.192820000000001e-05,2.316762000000001e-05 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Liquids|Hydrogen,billion EUR2020/yr,0.00271185096,2.183286000000001e-05,0.0,0.27645034284,0.61573775424,0.45170318676 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Liquids|Oil,billion EUR2020/yr,0.43737806574,0.07707838571999999,5.148360000000004e-06,5.148360000000004e-06,5.148360000000004e-06,5.148360000000004e-06 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Population,million,83.526344,83.05420470000001,82.46198150000001,81.92754460000002,81.46169060000003,80.9964458 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Price|Carbon,EUR2020/t CO2,44.20137482376,62.87067447990001,256.98064834344,451.09062211164,645.20059587984,645.20059587984 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Price|Carbon|ETS,EUR2020/t CO2,44.20137482376,62.87067447990001,256.98064834344,451.09062211164,645.20059587984,645.20059587984 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Price|Primary Energy|Biomass,EUR2020/GJ,23.97013310454,6.272463028440001,5.60408319786,14.1756603156,24.54111273306,26.97199118334 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Price|Primary Energy|Coal,EUR2020/GJ,2.439943282139999,2.18206545732,1.95017283552,1.86517913232,1.72869000696,1.61111357274 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Price|Primary Energy|Gas,EUR2020/GJ,6.214722740939999,6.57958367724,6.51268092972,6.175933757280001,5.7581875323,5.399497096139999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Price|Primary Energy|Oil,EUR2020/GJ,10.52766189132,10.26849325824,10.09180650072,10.41495389886,11.0624594178,11.20562653812 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy,TWh/yr,3095.117277777778,2490.150555555556,1933.286277777778,1548.318805555556,1386.939222222222,1313.142472222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass,TWh/yr,280.6966111111111,298.7169722222222,285.3343888888889,305.5575555555556,305.5575555555556,305.5575555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Electricity,TWh/yr,97.69744444444444,93.44383333333333,66.44766666666666,42.53213888888889,22.77188888888888,14.04375 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Electricity|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.1365277777777778,1.048361111111111,3.965416666666666,8.444194444444445,12.16522222222222,13.91105555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Electricity|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,97.56088888888885,92.39547222222221,62.48225,34.08794444444445,10.60666666666667,0.1326666666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Energy Crops,TWh/yr,4.883361111111111,0.0,0.0,0.0,3.814194444444444,6.358777777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Gases,TWh/yr,2.882277777777778,8.76377777777778,31.03355555555556,61.04286111111111,72.99833333333332,70.80555555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Heat,TWh/yr,36.13183333333333,33.26775,21.8105,10.04777777777778,0.55875,0.05986111111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.151,4.647111111111111,18.93566666666667,32.13819444444444,31.99591666666667,31.53616666666666 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Liquids,TWh/yr,26.88036111111111,91.51130555555555,118.4316944444445,144.3806388888889,167.4608888888889,180.0406944444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,1.55175,21.28594444444445,87.91522222222223,178.2291666666667,229.2249444444445,245.0035 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,279.1448611111111,277.4310277777778,197.4191666666667,127.3283888888889,76.3326111111111,60.55405555555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal,TWh/yr,535.0426666666667,177.8021388888889,0.3353333333333333,0.23975,0.1763333333333331,0.1165833333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Electricity,TWh/yr,307.2136111111111,76.194,0.1669166666666664,0.1271666666666667,0.08791666666666667,0.05275000000000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Electricity|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.001694444444444445,0.001694444444444445,0.001694444444444445,0.001666666666666667,0.001666666666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Electricity|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,307.2136111111111,76.19230555555556,0.1652222222222222,0.1255,0.08625,0.05108333333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Gases,TWh/yr,0.02038888888888889,0.01452777777777778,0.009027777777777779,0.004194444444444444,0.001305555555555556,0.001305555555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Heat,TWh/yr,39.98294444444445,20.95875,0.05369444444444444,0.04394444444444445,0.03319444444444444,0.022 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.002694444444444445,0.003138888888888889,0.002388888888888889,0.002388888888888889,0.002388888888888889,0.002388888888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Liquids,TWh/yr,0.0,0.003722222222222222,0.004638888888888889,0.005583333333333333,0.006472222222222222,0.007305555555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Solids,TWh/yr,187.823,80.62802777777777,0.09866666666666667,0.05647222222222222,0.04502777777777778,0.03083333333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.004805555555555555,0.004805555555555555,0.004805555555555555,0.004805555555555555,0.004777777777777777 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,535.0426666666667,177.7973333333333,0.3305277777777778,0.2349444444444445,0.1715277777777775,0.1118055555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Fossil,TWh/yr,2467.484805555556,1623.446472222222,873.0284166666667,313.4318611111111,113.8427777777778,52.69369444444445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Fossil|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,6.081666666666666,4.559749999999999,4.528027777777777,4.432833333333333,0.03041666666666666,0.028 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Fossil|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,2461.403138888888,1618.886722222222,868.5003888888889,308.9990277777778,113.8123333333334,52.66569444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas,TWh/yr,841.4756944444445,723.5513333333333,474.1195,176.5704722222222,64.55088888888888,43.07213888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Electricity,TWh/yr,162.3828611111111,150.8141944444444,112.067,21.09775,5.801749999999999,2.703666666666666 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Electricity|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0009444444444444444,0.0009166666666666666,0.0009166666666666666,0.0009444444444444444,0.0009444444444444444,0.0009444444444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Electricity|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,162.3819444444444,150.8132777777778,112.0660555555556,21.09680555555556,5.800833333333333,2.702749999999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Gases,TWh/yr,568.1773888888889,494.12325,330.2164722222222,148.69625,56.66236111111111,38.66122222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Heat,TWh/yr,94.32038888888889,63.85044444444445,24.81383333333333,0.06119444444444444,0.04661111111111111,0.03311111111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,16.59502777777778,14.76341666666667,7.022222222222222,6.715277777777778,2.040166666666666,1.674111111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Hydrogen|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,6.080722222222222,4.554027777777778,4.522305555555556,4.427111111111111,0.02469444444444445,0.02227777777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Hydrogen|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,10.51430555555556,10.20938888888889,2.499916666666666,2.288166666666667,2.015472222222222,1.651805555555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Liquids,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,6.081666666666666,4.554972222222222,4.523222222222222,4.428027777777777,0.02563888888888889,0.02322222222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,835.3940555555555,718.9963611111111,469.5962777777777,172.1424444444444,64.52525,43.04891666666666 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Geothermal,TWh/yr,7.207361111111111,27.30580555555555,51.31819444444444,67.5728888888889,73.44638888888888,71.72219444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Hydro,TWh/yr,22.8805,23.96886111111111,24.74327777777778,24.95744444444444,24.57102777777778,23.92083333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Nuclear,TWh/yr,0.007,0.00575,0.004305555555555556,0.002888888888888889,0.001666666666666667,0.0008333333333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Oil,TWh/yr,1090.966444444445,722.0930277777778,398.5735555555556,136.6216388888889,49.11552777777778,9.504972222222221 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Oil|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,1090.966444444445,722.0930277777778,398.5735555555556,136.6216388888889,49.11552777777778,9.504972222222221 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Solar,TWh/yr,122.3834444444445,183.2676388888889,260.13925,323.5716388888889,342.3846111111111,336.6052222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Wind,TWh/yr,194.4575555555555,333.4390555555555,438.7184166666666,513.2244999999999,527.1352222222222,522.6421388888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Production|Non-Metallic Minerals|Cement,Mt/yr,31.27763,35.4432,36.14307,37.09785,38.05145999999999,38.89553000000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Production|Steel,Mt/yr,38.18185,43.05447999999999,44.03038,45.08397,47.06158,47.16435000000001 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Production|Steel|Primary,Mt/yr,26.91818,29.83218,29.05294,28.28043,28.45625,28.275 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Production|Steel|Secondary,Mt/yr,11.26367,13.2223,14.97744,16.80354,18.60533,18.88935 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Bus,million,0.010522273042849,0.012777972087131,0.0131918448147,0.012207246706548,0.013114471743962,0.011855923100895 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Bus|BEV,million,0.00199430449922,0.006870556221521,0.011779356891798,0.011525523982663,0.012731506460343,0.011595931371159 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Bus|FCEV,million,2.134752177488071e-05,5.821174577326761e-05,0.000179523549150925,0.000234337855397812,0.0002486880187124981,0.000246816502393368 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Bus|ICE,million,0.008048455768307,0.005570947664098,0.00116530601073,0.0004199993862091021,0.000126193253665262,3.593300196404672e-06 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV,million,3.045408122999439,3.115730951139272,2.399049955635319,2.412962738396188,2.328079966264243,1.56227770721324 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|BEV,million,0.685523920531735,2.652363322777262,2.183412458040745,2.256503907186999,2.186478476569873,1.489963708650433 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|FCEV,million,0.022303939406342,0.020542955857537,0.017573327017878,0.016203137218037,0.012486913427028,0.003978940071623 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|ICE,million,2.120275142709659,0.237705832185635,0.044922302494792,0.012928834135269,0.004205915890151,0.0006110025561285629 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|PHEV,million,0.217305120351702,0.205118840318837,0.153141868081903,0.127326859855882,0.124908660377189,0.06772405593505401 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck,million,0.453205840002418,0.440626310637162,0.465368183525957,0.452221430357973,0.435143893136423,0.41323490129638 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|BEV,million,0.042820237116325,0.148527872346277,0.349904097469763,0.376212099728842,0.3881604437587861,0.3801186912374651 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|FCEV,million,0.004898522214332001,0.009449179317537,0.018460799997308,0.026228364950764,0.029052403870975,0.032074594576377 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|ICE,million,0.403512289137328,0.281397761662442,0.096567692431893,0.04954154038429,0.017841687387378,0.000605839294756992 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Truck (0-3.5t),million,0.310062060125833,0.30021126267832,0.319496995299438,0.31056106088696,0.296466280345663,0.279695460757013 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Truck (12t+),million,0.015385286539251,0.015219752369001,0.015561584005989,0.015119559160522,0.014749561238319,0.014185534915639 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|Truck (7.5t),million,0.078781473494478,0.076244461652929,0.08101964484712601,0.07882711148774,0.075829386147165,0.07194272863133501 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy,TWh/yr,2608.590944444444,2176.726722222222,1720.588611111111,1385.779694444444,1273.3295,1256.008555555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Electricity|Heat,TWh/yr,1.328861111111111,7.358388888888889,14.56211111111111,19.43852777777778,21.20058333333334,20.68330555555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Electricity|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,2.548388888888889,11.41191666666667,32.05686111111111,65.68502777777778,97.66061111111111,137.1228611111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Hydrogen|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.0,5.947305555555555,21.10708333333334,32.10422222222222,36.91569444444445,39.52202777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Hydrogen|Gases,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0009722222222222222,0.0009722222222222222,0.0009722222222222222,0.008638888888888889,0.008583333333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Hydrogen|Liquids,TWh/yr,0.1822777777777778,0.1821111111111111,0.1806666666666667,0.1754444444444442,21.13277777777778,50.63463888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity,TWh/yr,593.2841111111111,673.3654166666666,772.8554722222223,827.9853888888889,844.3658055555555,831.1059166666666 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Biomass,TWh/yr,37.43283333333333,35.85402777777778,25.68402777777778,16.80833333333333,9.457638888888889,6.370888888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Biomass|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.06202777777777778,0.4759166666666667,1.800888888888889,3.8355,5.525888888888889,6.319 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Biomass|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,37.37080555555556,35.37811111111111,23.88313888888889,12.97283333333333,3.93175,0.05188888888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Coal,TWh/yr,103.4435,14.53963888888889,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0235 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Coal|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0006111111111111111,0.0006111111111111111,0.0006111111111111111,0.0006111111111111111,0.0006111111111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Coal|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,103.4435,14.53905555555556,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.02288888888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Curtailment,TWh/yr,14.23022222222222,37.43713888888889,60.30872222222222,77.66786111111112,78.49311111111113,77.47352777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Fossil,TWh/yr,227.5755277777778,129.2059444444444,72.99219444444445,11.98280555555556,2.355444444444444,1.085333333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Fossil|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0005,0.001111111111111111,0.001111111111111111,0.001111111111111111,0.001111111111111111,0.001111111111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Fossil|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,227.5750277777778,129.2048611111111,72.99108333333336,11.98172222222222,2.354333333333334,1.084222222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas,TWh/yr,104.6110555555556,96.6146111111111,72.92191666666666,11.92827777777778,2.316833333333333,1.061361111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas|CC,TWh/yr,55.95741666666666,59.64944444444448,54.94519444444444,7.852611111111111,0.0481111111111111,0.03205555555555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas|CC|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0005,0.0005,0.0005,0.0005,0.0005,0.0005 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas|CC|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,55.95691666666666,59.64894444444447,54.94469444444444,7.852111111111111,0.04761111111111111,0.03155555555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0005,0.0005,0.0005,0.0005,0.0005,0.0005 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,104.6105555555555,96.6141111111111,72.92141666666667,11.92777777777778,2.316333333333333,1.060861111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Geothermal,TWh/yr,2.777805555555556,2.777805555555556,2.777805555555556,2.777805555555556,2.777805555555556,2.777805555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Hydro,TWh/yr,22.8805,23.96886111111111,24.74327777777778,24.95744444444444,24.57102777777778,23.92083333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,2.28375,8.10511111111111,12.32802777777778,14.17563888888889,15.17644444444445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Non-Biomass Renewables,TWh/yr,328.2690833333334,506.0162222222222,666.0700555555552,786.8635277777778,818.3755277777777,808.4724444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Nuclear,TWh/yr,0.006666666666666666,0.005444444444444444,0.004083333333333333,0.00275,0.001583333333333333,0.0008055555555555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Oil,TWh/yr,2.382000000000001,0.9126944444444444,0.0001944444444444446,0.0003055555555555555,0.0003888888888888889,0.0004722222222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Oil|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,2.382000000000001,0.9126944444444444,0.0001944444444444446,0.0003055555555555555,0.0003888888888888889,0.0004722222222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Other,TWh/yr,17.139,17.139,0.07552777777777776,0.05827777777777778,0.04086111111111111,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Solar,TWh/yr,114.1888055555556,163.3550277777778,225.3685555555556,276.0051388888888,292.3994444444444,287.4540555555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Solar|CSP,TWh/yr,0.06111111111111111,0.06825,0.0776111111111111,0.08261111111111111,0.08397222222222223,0.08255555555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Solar|PV,TWh/yr,114.1276666666667,163.2867777777778,225.2909166666667,275.9225277777778,292.3154722222222,287.3715277777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Transmission Losses,TWh/yr,30.88622222222222,31.32691666666667,33.08769444444444,33.26688888888889,32.7745,30.77891666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Wind,TWh/yr,188.422,315.9145277777778,413.1804166666666,483.1231111111111,498.62725,494.3197499999999 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Wind|Offshore,TWh/yr,40.77602777777778,93.23591666666664,134.712,164.9303611111111,175.7471666666667,176.5857777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Wind|Onshore,TWh/yr,147.6459722222222,222.6786111111111,278.4684166666667,318.19275,322.8801111111111,317.7339722222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases,TWh/yr,570.3798888888889,499.4365277777778,347.6366944444444,182.4104444444445,96.8495,77.61983333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,2.183,5.294694444444445,17.40497222222222,33.70219444444444,40.17158333333334,38.94305555555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases|Coal,TWh/yr,0.01222222222222222,0.008722222222222221,0.005416666666666667,0.002527777777777778,0.0007777777777777777,0.0007777777777777777 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.00788888888888889,0.01027777777777778,0.01008333333333334,0.009527777777777777,0.01480555555555556,0.01475 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,568.1767777777778,494.1228333333333,330.2162499999999,148.6961944444444,56.66233333333336,38.66122222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat,TWh/yr,109.2580277777778,95.4533611111111,74.87108333333335,69.81380555555556,71.09649999999999,69.01019444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Biomass,TWh/yr,17.15458333333333,15.85652777777778,10.60175,4.947194444444444,0.3744444444444445,0.02930555555555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Coal,TWh/yr,28.03772222222222,14.69744444444445,0.03836111111111111,0.03122222222222222,0.02344444444444444,0.01547222222222223 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Electricity,TWh/yr,4.429555555555556,24.528,48.54041666666667,64.79511111111111,70.66858333333333,68.9443888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Electricity|Heat Pumps,TWh/yr,4.429555555555556,24.528,48.54041666666667,64.79511111111111,70.66858333333333,68.9443888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Gas,TWh/yr,59.63616666666667,40.37136111111111,15.69058333333333,0.04027777777777777,0.03002777777777778,0.02102777777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,13.62216666666667,20.61625,36.88475,67.76952777777778,88.42691666666667,118.6675555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.08305555555555555,2.555972222222222,10.41469444444444,17.67611111111111,17.59788888888889,17.34505555555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Biomass|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.08305555555555555,2.555166666666666,10.41352777777777,17.67452777777778,17.59594444444445,17.34275 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Biomass|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0007777777777777777,0.001194444444444444,0.001583333333333333,0.001944444444444444,0.002305555555555555 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Coal,TWh/yr,0.001666666666666667,0.001861111111111111,0.001388888888888889,0.001388888888888889,0.001388888888888889,0.001388888888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Coal|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0006944444444444445,0.0006944444444444445,0.0006944444444444445,0.0006944444444444445,0.0006944444444444445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Coal|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,0.001666666666666667,0.001166666666666667,0.0006944444444444445,0.0006944444444444445,0.0006944444444444445,0.0006944444444444445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Electricity,TWh/yr,1.6055,7.41775,21.47808333333334,45.32266666666666,69.33902777777777,100.0996944444445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Fossil,TWh/yr,11.93361111111111,10.64252777777778,4.991944444444444,4.77075,1.49,1.222833333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Fossil|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,4.2565,3.188527777777778,3.166305555555555,3.099666666666666,0.018,0.01630555555555556 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Fossil|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,7.677111111111111,7.454027777777777,1.825638888888889,1.671055555555555,1.472,1.206527777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Gas,TWh/yr,11.93194444444444,10.64069444444444,4.990555555555556,4.769333333333333,1.488583333333333,1.221416666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Gas|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,4.2565,3.187833333333333,3.165611111111111,3.098972222222222,0.01727777777777778,0.01561111111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Gas|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,7.675444444444444,7.452861111111111,1.824944444444445,1.670361111111111,1.471305555555556,1.205833333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids,TWh/yr,1026.967055555556,741.788361111111,455.3843333333333,220.9549444444444,162.2293055555556,150.2751944444445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,24.52138888888889,78.81063888888892,89.22491666666666,95.73002777777778,102.5894444444445,106.1709722222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Biomass|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.5743055555555555,4.401361111111111,16.66608333333333,35.50516666666667,51.15697222222222,58.50075 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Biomass|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,23.94708333333334,74.4092777777778,72.55886111111111,60.22486111111111,51.43247222222222,47.67022222222222 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Coal,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0015,0.001861111111111111,0.002222222222222222,0.002583333333333334,0.002916666666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Coal|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.00075,0.00075,0.00075,0.00075,0.00075 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Coal|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.00075,0.001111111111111111,0.001472222222222222,0.001833333333333334,0.002194444444444445 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Fossil,TWh/yr,1002.310166666667,662.838472222222,366.0213333333333,125.091,44.83691666666667,8.652083333333334 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Fossil|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.00075,0.00075,0.00075,0.00075,0.00075 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Fossil|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,1002.310166666667,662.8377222222219,366.0205833333333,125.0902777777778,44.83619444444444,8.651361111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Gas,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Gas|w/ CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Gas|w/o CCS,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.1354722222222222,0.13925,0.1380555555555553,0.1339166666666667,14.80291666666667,35.45213888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Oil,TWh/yr,1002.310166666667,662.8369722222219,366.0194722222222,125.0887777777778,44.83433333333333,8.649166666666666 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Solids,TWh/yr,277.1575833333333,136.4268055555555,27.77611111111111,14.85355555555556,9.374888888888892,8.64725 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,112.8219166666667,64.40566666666666,27.42680555555556,14.80177777777778,9.332833333333333,8.617972222222221 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,163.05225,71.31494444444444,0.08888888888888889,0.05177777777777778,0.04205555555555555,0.02927777777777777 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Bus,million,0.064882749362725,0.075226855867791,0.081700901356287,0.082426002716561,0.08616673380556901,0.079230599747571 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Bus|BEV,million,0.007222030150641,0.031864145190259,0.060215308664045,0.07372292405483401,0.08091834866358401,0.077035241469374 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Bus|FCEV,million,7.807803674832805e-05,0.000297510077169374,0.0007375488779641817,0.001287433605596,0.001606662476492,0.001568669374324 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Bus|ICE,million,0.050490094608183,0.036811198784849,0.016806432974376,0.005042746466524001,0.001936489263322,0.0003078579581529709 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV,million,43.27437723978927,39.58939613656712,35.64755119065136,31.97338741351084,29.88041149978355,20.72694353982342 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|BEV,million,1.640099700949716,13.44999835443958,22.9889130352091,27.52855039405503,27.57116552213615,19.42568458144522 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|FCEV,million,0.149820994147486,0.196329650415791,0.228274825204303,0.222232705745522,0.197427957868714,0.115989733237811 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|ICE,million,40.23801926121433,24.05755548092901,10.24144333919338,2.20745803780773,0.380618383500104,0.07195630311720601 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|PHEV,million,1.246437283477731,1.885512650782737,2.18891999104458,2.01514627590255,1.731199636278583,1.113312922023178 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck,million,3.08270240966443,2.987499237390451,3.003564601571491,3.00864005649002,2.97258922261906,2.81342490497956 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|BEV,million,0.162437367415369,0.776594502854404,1.73695162899,2.33728492842959,2.509907961475931,2.55861749980569 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|FCEV,million,0.021138827638401,0.06525118307404601,0.104481459317171,0.143169256371219,0.179479442579285,0.202017009014516 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|ICE,million,2.852497636998809,2.09039302163274,1.109799297892279,0.47960190051282,0.235226637621481,0.042187531767189 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Truck (0-3.5t),million,2.11997589783371,2.04046217109757,2.05395501581085,2.06531502698385,2.034295810708799,1.91184691138941 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Truck (12t+),million,0.102871851267464,0.102119069759665,0.102154623817538,0.100710440746382,0.099988573196712,0.095850149964051 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|Truck (7.5t),million,0.531554752609388,0.518396704705255,0.521282975941752,0.523978116836611,0.5180702213800871,0.490074545570148 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Trade|Primary Energy|Biomass|Volume,TWh/yr,24.86094444444444,6.840583333333333,20.22316666666667,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Trade|Primary Energy|Coal|Volume,TWh/yr,-133.05725,0.0,0.0,-0.231,-0.1675833333333331,-0.06263888888888888 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Trade|Primary Energy|Gas|Volume,TWh/yr,-741.32925,-637.0715555555556,-425.3057777777777,-156.8075833333333,-43.50730555555555,-14.26958333333334 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Trade|Primary Energy|Oil|Volume,TWh/yr,-1080.514722222222,-717.7728888888888,-396.3628333333333,-134.3957777777778,-44.68741666666666,-0.712361111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Electricity|Volume,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,-16.94455555555556,-33.88911111111111,-50.83366666666667,-50.83366666666667 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Gases|Hydrogen|Volume,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Volume,TWh/yr,0.0,-25.41683333333333,-50.83366666666667,-76.2505,-101.6673333333333,-101.6673333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Liquids|Hydrogen|Volume,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,-33.88911111111111,-67.77822222222223,-101.6673333333333,-101.6673333333333 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Useful Energy|Residential and Commercial,TWh/yr,741.182138888889,719.2875277777778,667.1061111111111,672.4632222222223,712.8310833333333,706.872111111111 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Useful Energy|Residential and Commercial|Electricity|Heat Pumps,TWh/yr,80.04533333333333,117.4812222222222,202.1838055555555,335.2315833333333,403.8893055555556,412.2748888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Useful Energy|Residential and Commercial|Heat,TWh/yr,53.12202777777777,53.52219444444444,44.13783333333336,37.46747222222222,46.65397222222222,44.78044444444444 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Useful Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space and Water Heating,TWh/yr,577.1745833333333,545.8616944444444,484.3515,490.6770833333333,523.0565277777778,513.0677777777778 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Useful Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space and Water Heating|Electricity|Heat Pumps,TWh/yr,80.04533333333333,117.4812222222222,202.1838055555555,335.2315833333333,403.8893055555556,412.2748888888889 -REMIND-EU v1.1,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Useful Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space and Water Heating|Heat,TWh/yr,53.12202777777777,53.52219444444444,44.13783333333336,37.46747222222222,46.65397222222222,44.78044444444444 -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity,GW/yr,15.87879442218269,31.16889321356207,36.00688481018589,25.55611336537811,36.94242293374202, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Biomass,GW/yr,0.0006395200086767,9.784857516876884e-05,0.0,0.0001486306856894,0.001621647481169, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Coal,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Coal|Hard Coal,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Coal|Lignite,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas,GW/yr,7.178863085186514,6.109793509040695,14.36330817955276,6.883267375592645,12.29222196062736, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas|CC,GW/yr,0.8774350116768551,0.897050994124394,3.208511328711074,4.334501161966027,2.162457149194036, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas|OC,GW/yr,6.301428073509658,5.2127425149163,11.15479685084168,2.548766213626619,10.12976481143332, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Hydro,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Hydrogen,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.000717595617809, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Hydrogen|OC,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.000717595617809, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Oil,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Solar,GW/yr,6.666299497675708,10.06288220030195,9.793342645803012,9.287780976303361,11.52767721422279, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Solar|PV,GW/yr,6.666299497675708,10.06288220030195,9.793342645803012,9.287780976303361,11.52767721422279, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Converter,GW/yr,0.022925928526166,0.0127009470881,0.112229220757706,0.288839544514267,1.261599768076198, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Converter|Pump Hydro,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Converter|Stationary Batteries,GW/yr,0.022925928526166,0.0127009470881,0.112229220757706,0.288839544514267,1.261599768076198, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Reservoir,GWh/yr,0.022925928526166,0.0127009470881,0.112229220757706,0.288839544514267,1.261599768076198, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Pump Hydro,GWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Stationary Batteries,GWh/yr,0.022925928526166,0.0127009470881,0.112229220757706,0.288839544514267,1.261599768076198, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Wind,GW/yr,2.032992319311791,14.99611965564426,11.85023398483013,9.384916382796415,13.12018451579289, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Wind|Offshore,GW/yr,1.7,1.0,0.217973472937672,3.284562408430518,7.506762463545762, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Wind|Onshore,GW/yr,0.33299231931179,13.99611965564426,11.63226051189246,6.100353974365898,5.613422052247128, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Gases,GW/yr,1.347808095884731,1.000834401565524,0.8773729171950321,0.900570716774525,1.032211023006348, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Gases|Biomass,GW/yr,1.347808095884731,1.000834401565524,0.5152789871550411,0.0001459314001627,0.032211023006347, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Gases|Hydrogen,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.362093930039991,0.9004247853743631,1.0, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat,GW/yr,1.207094275287566,2.215321899550076,2.739861467194694,1.818770802479503,0.8515848050895161, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Geothermal,GW/yr,0.0005531086426445001,0.0009498152743144001,0.0,0.0,0.009522861779685001, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Heat pump,GW/yr,1.2,2.2,2.712467600170428,1.809767051676346,0.8420619433098301, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Solar thermal,GW/yr,0.006541166644921,0.014372084275761,0.027393867024265,0.009003750803156001,0.0, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Storage Reservoir,GWh/yr,6.049219250771669,46.2280283322946,50.0,34.75854754976362,35.71493941888659, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen,GW/yr,2.270916998170489e-05,2.874671945312098,2.200723872037731,0.603171070636908,1.370478308046287, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Biomass,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Electricity,GW/yr,0.0,2.875568419169027,2.562421672480594,1.503669802748521,2.41104557234395, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Gas,GW/yr,2.270916998170489e-05,0.0,0.001080616670858,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Liquids,GW/yr,0.007117103198096,0.005209385927232001,0.0008292373189143,0.018601702231019,0.211904816912017, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Liquids|Biomass,GW/yr,0.007117103198096,0.004312912070303001,0.0001447502451834,0.018527755493769,0.171337552614354, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Liquids|Hydrogen,GW/yr,0.0,0.0008964738569294,0.0006844870737309,7.39467372495744e-05,0.040567264297662, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Decentral Heat|Solar thermal,GW,16.51335540582264,23.55355646885165,35.37299315350158,46.12859211807667,51.32655992415606, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity,GW,260.918295775815,368.9914804221946,479.8963200219114,559.8949118673075,663.8315422854902, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Biomass,GW,7.760140407958621,5.491340196857453,3.220980986659683,1.55251688030333,0.8741710652393211, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Coal,GW,23.6339390625,11.588654296875,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Coal|Hard Coal,GW,10.5583515625,7.537884375,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Coal|Lignite,GW,13.0755875,4.050769921875,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas,GW,57.89467068666755,85.43207941429216,106.6010749434606,126.0625829623303,147.2332371359702, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas|CC,GW,38.95467794400926,37.82530054042904,42.31772159687677,57.20285493973871,67.07845110577215, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas|OC,GW,18.93999274265829,47.60677887386312,64.28335334658382,68.85972802259154,80.15478603019808, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Hydro,GW,4.02051,4.02051,4.02051,4.02051,4.02051, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Hydrogen,GW,0.010225281,0.010225281,0.010225281,0.010225281,0.010942876617809, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Hydrogen|OC,GW,0.010225281,0.010225281,0.010225281,0.010225281,0.010942876617809, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Nuclear,GW,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Oil,GW,1.24,0.08,0.08,0.08,0.08, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar,GW,104.664172641877,147.0896437916939,194.7150348976603,235.1640247738438,274.5128118055164, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar|PV,GW,104.664172641877,147.0896437916939,194.7150348976603,235.1640247738438,274.5128118055164, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar|PV|Open Field,GW,36.08140976587848,78.02195558452222,126.4648064866639,162.4512713323937,172.0585263021444, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar|PV|Rooftop,GW,68.58276287599855,69.0676882071717,68.2502284109964,72.71275344145002,102.4542855033719, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Converter,GW,23.51079547359959,23.91597250235469,14.81292594050604,16.13795018635609,19.94505535123167, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Converter|Pump Hydro,GW,6.788555851,7.084233779,7.379911704,7.675589631,7.971267556, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Converter|Stationary Batteries,GW,16.72223962259959,16.83173872335469,7.433014236506041,8.462360555356089,11.97378779523167, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Reservoir,GWh,68.0989522623682,162.666496394594,248.4749814834437,316.6414335822898,333.5932631244289, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Pump Hydro,GWh,0.717556882,0.748810323,0.7800637650000001,0.811317206,0.8425706470000001, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Stationary Batteries,GWh,16.72223962259959,16.83173872335469,7.433014236506041,8.462360555356089,11.97378779523167, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Vehicles,GWh,50.65915575776861,145.0859473482393,240.2619034819376,307.3677558209337,320.7769046821973, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Wind,GW,68.6955661643118,124.260305624351,180.0648402671308,203.9982983238302,248.4085157561465, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Wind|Offshore,GW,10.131573845,18.37442325608035,17.43657413534229,22.6239464391254,48.17181054764956, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Wind|Onshore,GW,58.56399231931179,105.8858823682707,162.6282661317886,181.3743518847048,200.2367052084969, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Gases,GW,5.679608417088778,11.10519097910034,15.75811807276438,19.4278617543538,23.44914110708289, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Gases|Biomass,GW,5.584829122088777,11.00640356436231,14.82671936400407,15.00501116950599,14.05270491648181, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Gases|Hydrogen,GW,0.094779295,0.09878741473803201,0.9313987087603051,4.422850584847812,9.39643619060108, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat,GW,53.142730667782,59.77914173630752,65.56994747536316,70.10800421290234,75.71145850361924, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Biomass,GW,0.0,0.215902752323157,0.8219534226244991,1.059107171317418,1.29193494169306, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Gas,GW,47.65813572667069,45.19079880218219,37.24661216217795,30.4341453860316,30.15862499653169, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Geothermal,GW,0.5529622524856891,0.395058609949715,0.245884218304187,0.107753989519406,0.011532196988511, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Heat pump,GW,4.766779475114565,13.76677947511456,26.92994584384353,38.0789520704709,43.82129601581044, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Solar thermal,GW,0.164853213511053,0.210602096737886,0.325551828413008,0.428045595563014,0.4280703525955351, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Storage Reservoir,GWh,12.89092944435482,160.5044592902189,409.638073768652,620.5758281137056,934.5753017252064, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen,GW,3.557751953132032,9.379592386258881,24.53595892709674,27.36194382641392,32.34672482328676, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Biomass,GW,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Electricity,GW,0.22270115,6.049907770045953,23.20038217850199,31.80145298434793,41.84111071886017, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Gas,GW,3.443751953132032,3.443751953132032,2.286402064735421,0.004145387910995,0.004145387910995, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Liquids,GW,6.940096481466015,6.81806768460349,6.655209073194296,6.561201058917771,7.060695499079497, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Liquids|Biomass,GW,6.926174626466015,6.802787762422416,6.635782465813934,6.540397097920581,6.958600406196164, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capacity|Liquids|Hydrogen,GW,0.013921855,0.015279922181072,0.019426607380362,0.02080396099719,0.102095092883332, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Building Retrofits,billion EUR2020/yr,2.743986057831223,6.917485879793869,11.53396642611713,16.14536561287968,20.74948008135739, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Renewable Heating,billion EUR2020/yr,3.929602719926172,7.621738747871557,11.43304396114157,15.48500808668671,19.51799835320841, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Energy Supply|Heat,billion EUR2020/yr,1.064406484465061,2.245959342763838,3.560969621360448,4.648477370683194,5.502172596993105, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Energy Supply|Heat|Geothermal,billion EUR2020/yr,0.034823985382862,0.03579069231802001,0.036000818003727,0.036000818003727,0.027828003449307, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Energy Supply|Heat|Heat Pump,billion EUR2020/yr,0.230767602172692,0.7353884285409631,1.450457437487153,2.037010099909331,2.329065232393008, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Energy Supply|Heat|Renewable,billion EUR2020/yr,0.182963738031212,0.350148193642599,0.5077424083324881,0.652677917593656,0.7855247636864221, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Energy Supply|Heat|Solarthermal,billion EUR2020/yr,0.001364286123193,0.001988382783808,0.003432182904472,0.004643670592957,0.004643951435071, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Energy Supply|Heat|Transmission and Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,0.6144868727550991,1.122643645478446,1.563336774632607,1.918144864583522,2.355110646029294, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Residential and Commercial,billion EUR2020/yr,7.288075650512494,15.66186827314387,24.53034716189131,33.54851856414992,42.6225890805951, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Carbon Intensity|Electricity,g CO2/kWh,261.481225148261,118.7963035837042,28.4845117694166,19.42457261580029,13.51921698172528, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Carbon Intensity|EndUse,g CO2/kWh,214.9231373062206,200.492108175817,184.3351292894341,161.7143460880922,133.8357929694449, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy,Mt CO2/yr,496.8712003765252,361.2812006240042,229.7897486314662,153.6725871981727,93.01811920821353, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy incl Bunkers,Mt CO2/yr,523.5365566636199,390.4714574768234,261.2681264977768,187.139327653258,127.9246970209063, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy incl Bunkers|Demand,Mt CO2/yr,355.0036882789269,290.8051416311282,223.3880724736899,155.9588520089354,101.4430431726984, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand,Mt CO2/yr,328.3383319918322,261.614884778309,191.9096946073793,122.4921115538501,66.53646536000564, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers,Mt CO2/yr,26.66535628709473,29.19025685281916,31.47837786631061,33.46674045508529,34.90657781269276, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers|Aviation,Mt CO2/yr,25.78443506484067,28.2604912119774,30.56665011593349,32.57964734485078,34.05480480609503, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers|Navigation,Mt CO2/yr,0.880921931548679,0.929766522264983,0.911727343252767,0.887091396284258,0.851771234499881, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry,Mt CO2/yr,90.82464908518267,73.31862629683175,54.56424206968565,34.41693658179727,16.98975985042622, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Residential,Mt CO2/yr,68.03715681468236,52.06317168279693,38.22434815064975,24.22970761097627,12.94188631351839, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Residential and Commercial,Mt CO2/yr,101.4851820388871,77.65816067449592,57.01597644581993,36.14137337259064,19.30430003169331, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation,Mt CO2/yr,136.0285008677624,110.6380978069814,80.32947609187372,51.93380159946221,30.24240547788609, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|Domestic Aviation,Mt CO2/yr,2.151030984638262,2.35759251744428,2.549980525670335,2.717912131559124,2.840975211783447, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|LDV,Mt CO2/yr,80.46321259458605,53.97455547584047,25.9638768654833,8.383580507620756,4.257730203581749, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|Other transport,Mt CO2/yr,0.249914965206519,0.263772039291802,0.258654354880278,0.251665226743785,0.241645006727693, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|Rail,Mt CO2/yr,0.900052553211895,0.686126277469846,0.5314067278837601,0.377043343361009,0.224874758759413, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|Truck,Mt CO2/yr,52.26431651094473,53.35610680517343,51.02554022632175,40.20359783021613,22.6771731802388, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2/yr,168.532868384693,99.66631584569524,37.88005402408688,31.18047564432253,26.48165384820795, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Electricity,Mt CO2/yr,139.1894631805085,77.27589661539147,21.86115423079699,17.19124087754918,14.85282183078969, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Heat,Mt CO2/yr,28.34385216573882,21.46963809936597,15.44925132337363,13.9882953234618,11.62802033963602, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Hydrogen,Mt CO2/yr,0.9995530384456831,0.9207811309378011,0.569648469916273,0.0009394433115560905,0.0008116777822410939, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy,Mt CO2/yr,496.8712003765252,361.2812006240042,229.7897486314662,153.6725871981727,93.01811920821353, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry,Mt CO2/yr,90.82464908518267,73.31862629683175,54.56424206968565,34.41693658179727,16.98975985042622, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2/yr,168.532868384693,99.66631584569524,37.88005402408688,31.18047564432253,26.48165384820795, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Electricity,Mt CO2/yr,159.0650123621357,94.63348516346399,36.22357343305372,30.91530310210488,26.32900472801518, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Heat,Mt CO2/yr,8.468302984111617,4.112049551293455,1.086832121116892,0.264233098906098,0.151837442410529, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Hydrogen,Mt CO2/yr,0.9995530384456831,0.9207811309378011,0.569648469916273,0.0009394433115560905,0.0008116777822410939, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Energy Service|Residential|Floor Space,bn m2/yr,3.971816669578612,4.005088736277729,4.038360801439747,4.071632868138864,4.104904933300883, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy,TWh/yr,2143.481508926392,1996.329949112788,1830.614863079497,1666.502454336376,1533.244379165742, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy incl Non-Energy Use incl Bunkers,TWh/yr,2491.201699966114,2310.72681017192,2180.987523146581,2020.708040816654,1903.74357457102, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers,TWh/yr,110.1392265625,121.2787578125,132.136671875,143.013328125,153.88971875, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation,TWh/yr,106.5006484375,117.415796875,128.309515625,139.222515625,150.134578125, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids,TWh/yr,106.5006484375,117.415796875,128.309515625,139.222515625,150.134578125, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,3.361457201929683,4.371652949091261,6.037888998704839,8.89584242687791,13.85901317015904, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.001431204409161111,0.002328540593920834,0.005203428119178889,0.007738037320902777,0.05710166940390722, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,103.1377600311612,113.0418153853148,122.266423198176,130.3189351608012,136.218463285437, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Liquids,TWh/yr,110.1392265625,121.2787578125,132.136671875,143.013328125,153.88971875, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,3.476300865536508,4.515479631906561,6.217984329169144,9.1380623761329,14.20565245890667, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.001480101285677778,0.00240514920703,0.005358633540622222,0.007948732038419167,0.05852988668211083, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,106.6614455956778,116.7608730313864,125.9133289122902,133.8673170168287,139.6255364044112, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation,TWh/yr,3.6385810546875,3.862964599609375,3.827154541015625,3.79080517578125,3.7551328125, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids,TWh/yr,3.6385810546875,3.862964599609375,3.827154541015625,3.79080517578125,3.7551328125, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.1148437560759258,0.1438268191638286,0.1800952500442542,0.242219481262467,0.34663856757105, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,4.889691588700083e-05,7.66086857345665e-05,0.0001552053521374572,0.0002106943104337929,0.001428214306824167, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,3.523688401695686,3.719061171759814,3.646904085619233,3.54837500020835,3.407066030622127, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Electricity,TWh/yr,493.045625,554.7286875,635.9476874999999,736.8377500000003,847.9236250000002, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases,TWh/yr,596.5892163085939,534.2073025444901,470.7742049831836,375.4807846815302,252.6823047719532, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,33.57652473243366,63.50802039147422,75.56509968934603,72.94485477354914,62.28813485307636, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.06949260417042499,6.345715512148513,13.89177621888357,21.0614552169032,26.73246849599951, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,562.94319897199,464.3535666408669,381.3173290749539,281.4744746910778,163.6617014228774, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Heat,TWh/yr,115.1915,130.142140625,143.236828125,154.027328125,167.860328125, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.8137363878506616,6.358759334211675,8.274270256435647,8.814034161060011,12.11867737261394, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use,TWh/yr,641.8239500579836,612.1869662789258,580.6800692409961,547.5258248426627,525.6685639524992, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Electricity,TWh/yr,233.684046875,248.242859375,272.74346875,309.4293125,350.63371875, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases,TWh/yr,215.8748984375,195.2430415581617,173.8763108181445,136.5909766981317,104.7958729787403, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,12.14961428794755,23.21102501876887,27.90930476120317,26.53560279275873,25.8329900625086, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.02514579287951444,2.319243468880698,5.130805328930436,7.661656351338391,11.08685618268071, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,203.700138356673,169.7127730705121,140.8362007280109,102.3937175540345,67.876026733551, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Heat,TWh/yr,11.28719921875,12.760251953125,14.1157099609375,15.44159765625,17.360435546875, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.08525715209408083,1.913359836719152,2.810433393820669,4.410739890605944,9.081716745977294, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids,TWh/yr,77.49532812499999,74.1784921875,59.2525703125,44.46728125,14.4089560546875, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,2.44596847684508,2.76183131027809,2.788261187739395,2.841307136103997,1.330099396315581, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.001041417652653889,0.001471076591494167,0.002402912122268334,0.0024715074305825,0.005480252819607777, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,75.0483182305023,71.41518980063044,56.46190621263833,41.62350260646544,13.07337640555231, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids,TWh/yr,103.424515625,81.665515625,60.366498046875,39.2059189453125,31.01898150110245, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,37.0574765625,35.10419921875,33.45738671875,31.606021484375,31.01512890625, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,66.3670390625,46.56131640625,26.909111328125,7.599897460937503,0.0038525948524475, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases,TWh/yr,244.2340543577778,219.7768696653839,189.0927457559223,139.809264213965,105.493439860407, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,12.14961428794755,23.21102501876887,27.90930476120317,26.53560279275873,25.8329900625086, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.02514579287951444,2.319243468880698,5.130805328930436,7.661656351338391,11.08685618268071, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,232.0592942769507,194.2466011777344,156.0526356657886,105.6120050698678,68.57359361521763, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,2.2180164642334,10.72173038482666,64.07505432128906,119.2772065429688,177.4493959960938, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids,TWh/yr,208.7261985319445,177.6314202305556,151.5611994772222,108.5673318275,52.66088840524306, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,2.44596847684508,2.76183131027809,2.788261187739395,2.841307136103997,1.330099396315581, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.001041417652653889,0.001471076591494167,0.002402912122268334,0.0024715074305825,0.005480252819607777, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,206.2791886374468,174.868117843686,148.7705353773605,105.7235531839654,51.32530875610786, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Other,TWh/yr,74.92401034694448,53.82017204,46.38935560527778,26.6822598,7.574436480000002, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids,TWh/yr,104.3313887405556,82.35176587666668,60.93852356243058,39.51111065725694,31.105725569158, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,37.0574765625,35.10419921875,33.45738671875,31.606021484375,31.01512890625, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,67.27391217805555,47.24756665791666,27.48113684368056,7.905089172881944,0.09059666290800306, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids,TWh/yr,758.7940625,609.22375,431.87575,266.2564062500001,147.542625, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,23.94965480110631,22.68276394001126,20.32287182311153,17.01287341716062,13.61974841886436, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.01019702155647167,0.01208186862766056,0.01751416806925972,0.01479862649545472,0.05611585486136417, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,734.8342106773372,586.528904191361,411.5353640088191,249.2287342063439,133.8667607262743, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use,TWh/yr,237.5809644772223,193.118103246632,218.2359881920833,211.1922583552778,216.6094766552778, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Gases,TWh/yr,28.35915592027778,24.53382810722223,15.21643493777778,3.218287515833334,0.6975668816666667, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,28.35915592027778,24.53382810722223,15.21643493777778,3.218287515833334,0.6975668816666667, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,2.160054687500001,10.6249248046875,63.74954296875,116.88646875,169.998796875, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Liquids,TWh/yr,131.2308704069445,103.4529280430556,92.30862916472219,64.1000505775,38.25193235055556, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,131.2308704069445,103.4529280430556,92.30862916472219,64.1000505775,38.25193235055556, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Other,TWh/yr,74.92401034694448,53.82017204,46.38935560527778,26.6822598,7.574436480000002, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Solids,TWh/yr,0.9068731155555555,0.6862502516666666,0.5720255155555556,0.3051917119444444,0.08674406805555555, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,0.9068731155555555,0.6862502516666666,0.5720255155555556,0.3051917119444444,0.08674406805555555, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential,TWh/yr,612.1883556420078,578.7937455447467,544.1124839554061,503.0549711047428,457.4711456208844, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial,TWh/yr,907.646264948266,862.7155663187444,816.0537455032332,760.8130126125641,699.4823631685114, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Electricity,TWh/yr,228.759859375,246.720125,268.10040625,291.93009375,322.73153125, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases,TWh/yr,375.90621875,335.8753125,295.52846875,238.554328125,147.550953125, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,21.15630672815628,39.92977275608528,47.43598516178523,46.34407812756361,36.37244671424289, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.04378674865501194,3.989779193446116,8.720561387451077,13.38098114092458,15.61012042188155, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,354.7061252731886,291.9557605504686,239.3719222007637,178.8292688565118,95.56838598887558, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Heat,TWh/yr,103.904296875,117.381890625,129.1211171875,138.585734375,150.499890625, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.1963470182615845,3.266055507852989,4.294610046284164,3.75999637969508,2.965767961084425, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids,TWh/yr,123.22875,77.62303125,36.3649765625,0.07764543914794916,6.380471750162543e-07, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,3.889442695885394,2.890079210063408,1.711234672310595,0.004961277913454445,5.88985183304723e-08, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.001656004286574167,0.001539387238339167,0.001474735062920833,4.315561338821547e-06,2.426726694602028e-10, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,119.3376512998281,74.73141265269824,34.65226715512649,0.07267984567315584,5.789059840163216e-07, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Solar,TWh/yr,7.61864794921875,11.56570703125,17.06705859375001,23.73042578125,24.24334570312501, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Solids,TWh/yr,68.07965625,73.40842968749999,69.8005546875,67.702625,53.7874140625, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,68.07965625,73.40842968749999,69.8005546875,67.702625,53.7874140625, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Electricity|Heat Pumps,TWh/yr,12.046263671875,26.953740234375,43.90694921874999,67.60990625,95.56718750000003, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Electricity|Resistive,TWh/yr,0.3428277587890625,3.395612548828125,7.822680664062503,7.949420410156253,10.793572265625, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space and Water Heating,TWh/yr,691.2754807434083,646.3447797088625,599.6829344635012,544.4421763687134,483.1115495882425, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Solids,TWh/yr,171.504171875,155.07394140625,130.167048828125,106.9085458984375,84.80639946985248, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,105.1371328125,108.512625,103.2579375,99.3086484375,84.80254687499999, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,66.3670390625,46.56131640625,26.909111328125,7.599897460937503,0.0038525948524475, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation,TWh/yr,594.0113124999999,521.4274375,433.88109375,358.1636875,308.0935, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation,TWh/yr,8.884669921875002,9.795250976562503,10.7040439453125,11.6144462890625,12.5247705078125, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Liquids,TWh/yr,8.884669921875002,9.795250976562503,10.7040439453125,11.6144462890625,12.5247705078125, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.2804249376301339,0.3646991202075294,0.5037025419684692,0.7421233814021375,1.156169095679423, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0001193962567616896,0.000194255288756869,0.0004340887967866667,0.0006455350877902778,0.004763628165001667, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,8.604125587988106,9.430357601066214,10.19990731454724,10.87167737257257,11.36383778396807, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation,TWh/yr,1.032254760742187,1.095911743164063,1.08575244140625,1.075440307617187,1.065320190429688, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Liquids,TWh/yr,1.032254760742187,1.095911743164063,1.08575244140625,1.075440307617187,1.065320190429688, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.03258083636701333,0.04080324736072194,0.05109249060251611,0.06871695625615944,0.09834034726702888, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,1.38719114543133e-05,2.1733659773472e-05,4.403130006812886e-05,5.977335777468736e-05,0.0004051802195263889, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,0.9996600524637198,1.055086762143567,1.034615919503666,1.006663578003253,0.9665746629431321, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Electricity,TWh/yr,30.6017109375,59.7656796875,95.10379687499999,135.478359375,174.558359375, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases,TWh/yr,4.80809912109375,3.088948486328125,1.369425415039063,0.3354798583984375,0.3354786682128906, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.2706037163298139,0.3672226166200758,0.2198097663576261,0.06517385322681889,0.08269807632486972, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0005600626358983333,0.03669284982169917,0.04040950250206222,0.0188177246402225,0.0354918914372525, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,4.536935342128039,2.685033019886351,1.109206146179374,0.2514882805313958,0.2172887004507681, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.5321322314572738,1.179343786263739,1.169225926457678,0.643301884993742,0.07119277462099306, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV,TWh/yr,349.573625,270.36253125,183.700125,128.559515625,115.482, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Electricity,TWh/yr,16.510201171875,45.53457421875,74.432375,92.64379687500002,96.59268750000003, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Gases,TWh/yr,3.34980419921875,2.118441894531251,0.8864776611328128,0.2378931121826172,0.2378227996826172, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.003702463388442778,0.003190611839294167,0.001628120422363056,0.006230899810790833,0.01796159172058083, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Liquids,TWh/yr,329.70990625,222.706328125,108.3796328125,35.67159374999999,18.63352734375, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,10.40656329488955,8.291855116951803,5.100044135111384,2.279292797512277,1.720072111892444, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.004430792473963889,0.0044166180306575,0.004395197239860555,0.001982639966634722,0.007087011743061389, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,319.2989121626367,214.4100563900176,103.2751934801487,33.39031831252108,16.90636822011449, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids,TWh/yr,558.0700000000003,457.42221875,336.25821875,221.711484375,133.133671875, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,17.61424412154437,17.0308531287929,15.82337669833059,14.16660531075075,12.28964929299, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.007499599827219444,0.0090714046428925,0.01363652151772222,0.01232280377110528,0.05063560315602333, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,540.4482562786286,440.3822942165642,320.4212055301516,207.5325562604782,120.793386978854, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail,TWh/yr,15.44447265625,14.5775703125,13.95755859375,13.338091796875,12.7182607421875, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Electricity,TWh/yr,11.7268740234375,11.7268740234375,11.7268740234375,11.7268740234375,11.7268740234375, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Liquids,TWh/yr,3.7175986328125,2.85069580078125,2.23068408203125,1.61121826171875,0.9913865966796878, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.1173377710041372,0.1061377858527386,0.1049697897531322,0.1029513344678017,0.09151549277784278, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,4.995879023117547e-05,5.653379757841494e-05,9.046253678776314e-05,8.955208850615852e-05,0.0003770605706030555, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,3.600210903018133,2.744501481130933,2.12562382974133,1.508177375162442,0.8994940433312414, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck,TWh/yr,219.076578125,225.596484375,224.433609375,203.57603125,166.303078125, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Electricity,TWh/yr,2.364635742187501,2.504228515625,8.944543945312503,31.107689453125,66.23879687499999, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Gases,TWh/yr,1.458484985351562,0.9708227539062502,0.4828585205078125,0.097576820373535,0.09759342956542945, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.5279239501953125,1.147397338867187,1.148107299804688,0.6319909057617189,0.04801726150512694, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Liquids,TWh/yr,214.72553125,220.97403125,213.85809375,171.73878125,99.91867187499999, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,6.777336044879328,8.227357826605447,10.0635671894433,10.97352055251699,9.22355267357185, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.002885579868228056,0.004382263849180278,0.008672741168979722,0.009545303019364723,0.03800272422208666, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,207.9453096252525,212.7422911595454,203.7858538193877,160.7557153944637,90.65711647720607, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Buildings|Energiewende,billion EUR2020/yr,23.62544594721598,31.97699898188948,31.4980303348604,32.99382127030684,30.55988550072114,30.39381233509175 -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial,billion EUR2020/yr,21.05866363617775,30.2296422206107,30.40936450171746,31.75482638405602,29.3366713030941,29.02014491552248 -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Building Retrofits|High-Efficiency,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0058634097447834,0.003002521867042863,0.0,0.002210156688152649,0.0132791746568942,0.015279060371339 -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Building Retrofits|Medium-Efficiency,billion EUR2020/yr,12.21248606088728,19.83242310188603,19.82744455999298,19.79863082242879,19.75798762754278,19.75143263180998 -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Biomass Boiler,billion EUR2020/yr,0.9453059357429496,0.3681714733485466,0.276434780515921,0.4093887131460392,0.439244586140772,0.435140664480792 -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|CHP,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0007501933190090833,0.0001727408835245665,0.0004407372278283639,0.001862847535975826,0.0026583862037572,0.002686272222953 -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Gas Boiler,billion EUR2020/yr,1.8888736290696,2.204809202803213,1.624954063323079,0.5604878042578142,0.0,0.0 -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Heat Pump,billion EUR2020/yr,5.151373400187111,6.673593489245433,7.239493605399923,9.707860069726037,8.488931319471916,8.27256921175097 -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Hydrogen Boiler,billion EUR2020/yr,0.001506259245079198,0.0,0.002581208196457932,0.01380771342947,0.0245983576600332,0.025879825349859 -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Hydrogen Fuel Cell,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Oil Boiler,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Solar Thermal,billion EUR2020/yr,0.4610245687394217,0.9348863457673592,0.994869221892284,0.7525353536525459,0.4092574589966891,0.3793443716714081 -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity,billion EUR2020/yr,14.43420163778299,34.41092522195011,27.02733972954405,24.84748098139167,37.42264242795583,41.12144804952891 -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Biomass,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0017478623584122,0.000357947507483953,0.0,0.0007516799797268384,0.0039291433252448,0.004732757732859001 -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Electricity Storage,billion EUR2020/yr,0.6069750726558559,0.0035034775056238,0.0160348728545056,0.0380579020759162,0.1183976142025592,0.139899752433054 -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Gas,billion EUR2020/yr,2.576702550652068,3.243892158650147,4.970185257240384,3.900093131527955,5.638121389710974,7.759879498931546 -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Hydrogen,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0002621117492599422,0.000436852915433237 -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Solar,billion EUR2020/yr,4.716570594002542,5.021299396913379,4.950033733832581,4.848431886809021,6.068696778318866,6.527807948397975 -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Transmission and Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,0.6088981245132792,2.66201378787558,1.59470768050233,1.500590161170717,3.41118479643211,3.590273864865886 -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Wind,billion EUR2020/yr,6.530282506256685,23.48336193100351,15.51241305796876,14.59761412190426,22.30044820841937,23.23831712668521 -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Wind Offshore,billion EUR2020/yr,2.26990864952877,4.476058655245225,0.764428136394516,6.899084807225634,15.21356142255558,15.8525160259584 -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Wind Onshore,billion EUR2020/yr,4.260373856727916,19.00730327575829,14.74798492157424,7.698529314678622,7.086886785863791,7.385801100726804 -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Energiewende,billion EUR2020/yr,15.24671733999601,36.6027461158383,28.75927516768,25.38109504896003,38.38534020754128,42.18267775695107 -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat|Geothermal,billion EUR2020/yr,0.001651862598870623,0.0027964586392392,1.920469468267158e-05,0.0006429108092490001,0.0214713439341116,0.027174886509182 -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat|Heatpump,billion EUR2020/yr,1.106234042704429,1.893035264135631,2.220710261529805,1.458331532308996,0.7158599960016239,0.658082022922808 -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat|Solarthermal,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0017484377558906,0.0032200000418142,0.0055323705198928,0.00196114038404152,0.0,0.0 -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat|Transmission and Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,2.959012683599762,1.960112846971853,1.532252895539761,1.748900636977982,1.426586976252059,1.514166569657406 -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen|Electrolysis,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1025601511778684,1.09414085038913,0.8574337719800412,0.2477359289117712,0.4221500826914488,0.46066497749455 -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen|Transmission and Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1029804783792988,1.094176565993438,0.8584667933014029,0.2478202365806722,0.4221500826914488,0.46066497749455 -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Energy,billion EUR2020/yr,116.145592758703,128.0319594674366,132.5740917431391,129.4107763761802,116.3683435545816, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Energy|Biomass,billion EUR2020/yr,5.885778809359318,10.31655830476675,11.9011509398485,12.15060926602748,10.38027675031402, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Energy|Electricity|Heating,billion EUR2020/yr,2.093728072217917,5.542426381018342,9.658614861167445,14.14569134034182,18.8122093418724, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Energy|Electricity|Non-Heating,billion EUR2020/yr,56.69172674781041,57.89571548022342,56.1101672377583,54.00990543269199,51.02648943549243, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Energy|Fossil,billion EUR2020/yr,41.50090183142498,37.40924734906812,32.94388600422293,24.90909196757549,13.5465822723093, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Energy|Heat,billion EUR2020/yr,9.96002383464622,14.01512615345384,18.97327015884633,20.69459376450714,19.36947668301487, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Energy|Hydrogen,billion EUR2020/yr,0.013433463244198,0.03331724100692701,0.015679157662783,0.048313069238545,0.136893339571737, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Energy|Other Non-Fossil,billion EUR2020/yr,0.003952552530354,0.9424257432839,1.922592688651476,2.78546079592982,3.193344277736765, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Non-Energy,billion EUR2020/yr,2.288504527501651,2.355117775756062,2.393513811483873,2.414263435181448,2.25154216173963, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy,TWh/yr,2733.602784408303,2465.482370019491,2197.493993437142,1977.751920742574,1896.639781897842, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass,TWh/yr,235.9504921521377,260.6634010225406,281.1815303871786,280.7125243267803,272.5242627163117, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Electricity,TWh/yr,11.39580353129547,29.30241607110378,40.30576729678489,45.01999071937617,56.47130131841189, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Gases,TWh/yr,41.36176621098436,77.1121764503008,89.77168383746356,84.01034951535955,71.0024640502845, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Heat,TWh/yr,2.841549922140986,3.164111374745908,1.211612941860092,0.385230077764307,0.3260205482245216, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Liquids,TWh/yr,27.77131591296286,27.35907103404314,26.6978881277756,26.31552429614401,28.8312614393665, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal,TWh/yr,394.2209394084067,202.9537836568117,27.4822365702485,7.904766399331089,0.09059670789039527, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Electricity,TWh/yr,326.930421875,155.71050390625,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Hard Coal,TWh/yr,201.0412772537985,142.6986830682556,26.91021105469294,7.599574687386644,0.003852639834839722, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Lignite,TWh/yr,192.2727890390524,59.56885033688942,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Solids,TWh/yr,67.27391217805555,47.24756665791666,27.48113684368056,7.905089172881944,0.09059666290800306, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Fossil,TWh/yr,2063.763546446505,1611.119555902501,1147.663411044824,830.2821575498467,568.2639635719872, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas,TWh/yr,848.6291199494196,729.5186277898539,598.2288744207758,442.6646804585255,295.3596322278316, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Electricity,TWh/yr,210.4491522388597,215.7055346225134,193.4978590886595,156.6658116282581,130.2503375793249, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Gases,TWh/yr,591.3023548922674,488.8873947480894,396.5337640127316,284.6927622069111,164.359268304544, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Heat,TWh/yr,41.92221147546617,20.35660529269267,5.380382760086794,1.308095832037657,0.7516905243298002, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,4.948272863793936,4.558305489670964,2.820055413615897,0.004650749226230834,0.0040183138495575, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Geothermal,TWh/yr,0.9815757446289064,0.7043792114257813,0.4404357604980469,0.1939604644775389,0.02086534881591778, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Geothermal|Heat,TWh/yr,0.9815757446289064,0.7043792114257813,0.4404357604980469,0.1939604644775389,0.02086534881591778, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Hydro,TWh/yr,14.53466796875,14.53466796875,14.53466796875,14.53466796875,14.53466796875, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Non-Biomass Renewables,TWh/yr,273.3918463668823,465.026406692505,660.551962387085,799.1337090606692,1016.815312309265, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Nuclear,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Oil,TWh/yr,981.4103865314567,807.32015085778,630.0493896718547,447.3362404972677,311.849977936543, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Oil|Electricity,TWh/yr,8.95453515625,0.585929443359375,0.2751631469726561,0.1425948638916014,0.1145767517089842, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Oil|Liquids,TWh/yr,981.4103865314567,807.32015085778,630.0493896718547,447.3362404972677,311.849977936543, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Solar,TWh/yr,102.0123526535034,152.4231720123291,210.3456399078369,260.8803618774414,300.3439039916992, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Solar|Heat,TWh/yr,0.1230938644409178,0.1553341217041014,0.2395949859619139,0.3163189086914064,0.3155328979492186, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Wind,TWh/yr,155.86325,297.3641875,435.23121875,523.5247187499999,701.9158750000003, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating,million,1.166139847009307,1.184748237334738,1.095534606356472,1.102586053606985,1.056975194845734, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Biomass Boiler,million,0.215816266870583,0.085766594809197,0.081290227000666,0.109658658608157,0.154452502979763, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Biomass Boiler|HT,million,0.055172840588494,0.044123701162831,0.04157114196013501,0.055182301569912,0.077195249695028, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Biomass Boiler|LT,million,0.160643426282089,0.041642893646365,0.03971908504053,0.054476357038244,0.07725725328473401, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|CHP,million,6.087841419684686e-05,3.295059330439535e-05,8.255974175149105e-05,0.0003078411550053797,0.0005918327483226377, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|CHP|HT,million,3.226192643928893e-06,0.0,7.008786487072837e-05,0.0003056938982542091,0.0005686816882102214, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|CHP|LT,million,5.765222155291796e-05,3.295059330439535e-05,1.247187688076268e-05,2.147256751170596e-06,2.315106011241648e-05, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|District Heating,million,0.247621460459928,0.246235875173608,0.22798027535715,0.235312069780219,0.236766232592238, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Gas Boiler,million,0.4574350557892971,0.5440403727933091,0.399405139514899,0.142880558867598,0.0, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Gas Boiler|HT,million,0.419840562080131,0.441819683376135,0.320704984706024,0.110770473646848,0.0, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Gas Boiler|LT,million,0.037594493709166,0.102220689417173,0.078700154808874,0.03211008522074901,0.0, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump,million,0.245206185475301,0.308672443965319,0.386231923965668,0.6119217693668371,0.658723646982174, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical,million,0.245092598188791,0.308409665350672,0.3860028930439791,0.611699104735416,0.658521785267939, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Air,million,0.245038435971531,0.30830566818464,0.385931272827036,0.611572353132397,0.658122926171904, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Air|HT,million,0.244889367871954,0.308034541707032,0.385931272827036,0.611572353132397,0.6566866529202471, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Air|LT,million,0.0001490680995768592,0.0002711264776083546,0.0,0.0,0.001436273251657, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Ground,million,5.41622172601676e-05,0.0001039971660321234,7.16202169430997e-05,0.0001267516030191936,0.0003988590960351751, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Ground|HT,million,4.851749369059169e-05,0.0001039971660321234,5.705747183953992e-05,5.927570108653957e-05,0.0002770303830678809, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Ground|LT,million,5.644723569575914e-06,0.0,1.456274510355978e-05,6.74759019326541e-05,0.0001218287129672941, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Gas,million,4.537846968714864e-05,1.076934838549932e-05,1.272030730333177e-05,6.452665356540077e-05,0.0001633533762621067, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Gas|HT,million,3.765530320226847e-05,8.495258485156096e-06,5.699237710925912e-06,3.693416847430679e-05,8.931510832380207e-05, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Gas|LT,million,7.723166484880165e-06,2.274089900343225e-06,7.02106959240585e-06,2.759248509109396e-05,7.403826793830468e-05, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Hybrid,million,6.820881682244389e-05,0.0002520092662611372,0.0002163106143857324,0.0001581379778555574,3.850833797317759e-05, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Hybrid|HT,million,5.677162497851423e-05,0.0002159111162453656,0.0001796670437387642,0.000120552643212086,1.094095488474945e-05, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Hybrid|LT,million,1.143719184392965e-05,3.60981500157716e-05,3.664357064696833e-05,3.758533464347135e-05,2.756738308842814e-05, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Hydrogen Boiler,million,0.0,0.0,0.0005444807763362454,0.002505155829168,0.006440979543233001, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Hydrogen Boiler|HT,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Hydrogen Boiler|LT,million,0.0,0.0,0.0005444807763362454,0.002505155829168,0.006440979543233001, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Hydrogen Fuel Cell,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Hydrogen Fuel Cell|HT,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Hydrogen Fuel Cell|LT,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Oil Boiler,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Oil Boiler|HT,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Oil Boiler|LT,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV,million,3.369160450000013,3.369160459999966,3.427044489000004,3.337425980000016,3.337425979999968, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|BEV,million,2.69532836,3.032244414000001,3.426936179911232,3.336791981892898,3.336138413211705, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|FCEV,million,1.00740266486127e-09,0.0,8.684719347958926e-05,0.000506667802531,0.0007272401977645001, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|ICE,million,0.673584283254941,0.3369160459999641,0.0,0.0,0.0003829508476476, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|PHEV,million,0.0002478057376678,0.0,2.146189529188245e-05,0.0001273303045869,0.0001773757428506, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck,million,0.408629022,0.408629021999999,0.4285677919999991,0.4472409470000001,0.4472409469999991, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|BEV,million,0.004086290219999999,0.020188269417992,0.170363613453154,0.382746507499828,0.446871262336246, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|FCEV,million,0.012371718429017,0.0,2.048148496620449e-05,0.000168683858381,0.0003696846637526, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|ICE,million,0.392171013350982,0.3884407525820071,0.258183697061879,0.06432575564179001,0.0, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy,TWh/yr,2349.316603189761,2255.93967836065,2140.890920081938,1997.790363653319,2003.378106648453, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Efuel|Electricity,TWh/yr,-0.001774175743314167,0.558395693455259,3.362581694304567,8.422827972323589,18.13848214247727, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Electricity|Heat,TWh/yr,6.667907562255861,19.60698248291016,34.27369395828247,38.69949370765686,52.82620567393302, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Electricity|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.2168111534118653,17.68118725204468,53.86521365737917,83.25546653366091,127.490384475708, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Hydrogen|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.02252846461758917,2.017859243805103,3.158432707310133,3.016054022363872,3.137559558646447, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Hydrogen|Gases,TWh/yr,-0.01082013718843444,0.1197265701303383,1.298156700910286,5.675666573536263,14.8599389037972, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Hydrogen|Liquids,TWh/yr,0.01558183168172834,0.0188483323108975,0.02728830153418667,0.02624299539232695,0.1537916594867047, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity,TWh/yr,532.3115,650.4907500000003,767.4751250000003,885.0254375000002,1098.645125, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Biomass,TWh/yr,18.2304510207639,15.63547853675155,17.54513411765981,20.98426061948696,26.83457326956504, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Coal,TWh/yr,118.1696953125,57.943271484375,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Coal|Hard Coal,TWh/yr,52.79175781249999,37.689421875,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Coal|Lignite,TWh/yr,65.3779375,20.253849609375,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Curtailment,TWh/yr,0.007289643764495833,0.4843922424316405,2.195001708984376,1.902219116210938,4.40617578125, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Fossil,TWh/yr,247.7303719807533,178.2422687164182,102.5038104969473,84.50677834796814,70.64175160826272, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas,TWh/yr,125.1974737839236,123.3002668245766,107.8876627573402,91.58758410707553,82.0897902787138, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas|Autoproduction,TWh/yr,40.3668046875,28.14768359375,16.125767578125,4.556184570312499,0.06539968109130861, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas|CC,TWh/yr,83.36842597900258,82.28881570589415,73.68799778933813,78.36678320815824,74.71359407062691, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas|OC,TWh/yr,1.462243117421039,12.86376752493242,18.07389738987704,8.664616328604794,7.310796526995595, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Hydro,TWh/yr,14.53466796875,14.53466796875,14.53466796875,14.53466796875,14.53466796875, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.000157764345407486,9.526884555816652e-05,0.003320003986358611, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Hydrogen|OC,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.000157764345407486,9.526884555816652e-05,0.003320003986358611, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Non-Biomass Renewables,TWh/yr,263.840875,451.3445,640.95075,772.3150000000003,989.6018125000003, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Nuclear,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Oil,TWh/yr,3.749346435546875,0.2454224853515625,0.1150065231323242,0.05940008544921861,0.047701416015625, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Other,TWh/yr,3.123714050292969,2.02179689025879,0.9763884733077138,0.07912036260310555,0.0679544626537825, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Solar,TWh/yr,93.44293749999999,139.44565625,191.184859375,234.25559375,273.15128125, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Solar|PV,TWh/yr,93.44293749999999,139.44565625,191.184859375,234.25559375,273.15128125, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Transmission Losses,TWh/yr,20.289078125,26.525034375,34.62063125,42.37033750000003,53.107775, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Wind,TWh/yr,155.86325,297.3641875,435.23121875,523.5247187499999,701.9158750000003, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Wind|Offshore,TWh/yr,41.3824765625,75.5110703125,72.08835156250001,94.0854609375,201.485546875, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Wind|Onshore,TWh/yr,114.480765625,221.853109375,363.142875,429.43925,500.4303125, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases,TWh/yr,641.764468804267,567.0317400923936,486.0883648576053,372.0904224967322,244.1447096160744, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,33.57652473243366,63.50802039147422,75.56509968934598,72.94485477354914,62.28813485307636, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,-0.008656046867370556,0.095503662109375,0.9720791015625002,4.22390673828125,11.049552734375, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,591.3023548922674,488.8873947480894,396.5337640127316,284.6927622069111,164.359268304544, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases|Other,TWh/yr,0.1099143905639647,7.5459443359375,10.286705078125,8.669307617187503,7.0809755859375, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat,TWh/yr,122.6810057421327,137.7625395407677,155.6304491906166,169.9481076202393,190.935386680603, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.0,1.727341552257538,6.575152651309969,8.473489715576171,10.33608786010742, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Coal,TWh/yr,18.50093124763023,6.566101069829647,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Electricity,TWh/yr,23.55569299316407,60.64717138671875,97.12830859375003,113.752884765625,135.42420703125, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Electricity|Heat Pumps,TWh/yr,23.36495703125,56.7184296875,86.83114843750003,103.6286484375,114.0025, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Electricity|Resistive,TWh/yr,0.1907359619140625,3.92874169921875,10.29716015625,10.124236328125,21.42170703125, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Gas,TWh/yr,18.69196562500001,51.04658671875,42.94707945154364,37.72869034040803,33.02423850168008, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Geothermal,TWh/yr,0.9815757446289064,0.7043792114257813,0.4404357604980469,0.1939604644775389,0.02086534881591778, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Solar,TWh/yr,0.1230938644409178,0.1553341217041014,0.2395949859619139,0.3163189086914064,0.3155328979492186, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,3.155163721623422,14.4784944581053,37.21537011230775,54.40342758645903,83.29827616870496, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.1382123056077956,11.46154304208967,35.21250304687808,54.39979604353797,83.29464462578392, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Fossil,TWh/yr,2.846803520492073,2.622450392827413,1.622280727783547,0.002722340736802778,0.002352141333316945, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Gas,TWh/yr,3.016951416015625,3.016951416015625,2.002867065429689,0.003631542921066111,0.003631542921066111, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids,TWh/yr,877.9002930467383,731.1022128631328,564.3145620932836,409.4144225514511,301.5482097132181, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,27.42595625228045,27.19824341738949,26.54085680712967,26.15093563290858,27.82540048593419, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Fossil,TWh/yr,850.1795161245121,703.8672228147244,537.7407605071326,383.2361899197678,273.5980455859874, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.01179762554168695,0.01441499042510973,0.01852224540710445,0.01773067855834945,0.1140042877197264, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Oil,TWh/yr,972.7265446487603,806.7427012700233,629.7573353464342,447.1960994511264,311.7442256299269, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Solids,TWh/yr,171.504171875,155.07394140625,130.167048828125,106.9085458984375,84.80639946985248, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,105.1371328125,108.512625,103.2579375,99.3086484375,84.80254687499999, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,66.3670390625,46.56131640625,26.909111328125,7.599897460937503,0.0038525948524475, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Residential and Commercial|Building Retrofits|High-Efficiency,million,8.643447079379228e-05,4.793765740278355e-05,0.0,2.567841403518381e-05,0.000252408970648, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Residential and Commercial|Building Retrofits|Medium-Efficiency,million,0.297846964107309,0.29918929125778,0.29899119777721,0.298152470585969,0.29675931002935, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Residential and Commercial|High-Efficiency Buildings,million,0.004960994589627001,0.005342213953815,0.005373894427390001,0.005398230275802001,0.006097333361834, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Residential and Commercial|Low-Efficiency Buildings,million,15.83288251961472,14.64007975901034,13.44579518896222,12.25447712949373,11.06793593302021, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Residential and Commercial|Medium-Efficiency Buildings,million,10.00185555579565,11.41073728703585,12.82145035661039,14.22920427023047,15.63150654361796, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating,million,23.6025667619222,23.79781555199223,23.99306433304218,24.18831312311221,24.38356190416216, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Biomass Boiler,million,2.193579349368732,2.545680457903657,2.624266581813091,2.773241421445625,2.425161088105666, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Biomass Boiler|HT,million,0.9151369890837671,0.96276553227656,1.007623274969113,1.085160894213618,1.093036302624915, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Biomass Boiler|LT,million,1.278442360284965,1.582914925627097,1.616643306843978,1.688080527232007,1.332124785480752, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|CHP,million,0.171532155018573,0.114630124502601,0.058692746937466,0.004683068158038001,0.00438293299201, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|CHP|HT,million,0.171241877449529,0.114144343223508,0.05810456717702801,0.004068313447527,0.004002512143383001, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|CHP|LT,million,0.0002902775690437713,0.0004857812790928904,0.0005881797604377032,0.0006147547105104165,0.0003804208486272904, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|District Heating,million,3.715280830622249,4.363821193152257,4.993137927401274,5.576717513082129,6.304252199175211, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Gas Boiler,million,12.36579424242063,11.71385079148017,11.03915021302558,9.542958595810843,6.385821613906678, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Gas Boiler|HT,million,10.56673403858258,10.12776042670563,9.594534462533938,8.222861778137409,5.211004606671327, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Gas Boiler|LT,million,1.79906020383804,1.586090364774538,1.444615750491642,1.320096817673434,1.17481700723535, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump,million,1.194418427682102,2.439663316280417,3.978016942023615,6.276443277438351,9.226887202340384, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical,million,1.189475333825707,2.433758928794381,3.970871650681653,6.268175492320521,9.22224000891292, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Air,million,0.8551191477864101,2.184641447095431,3.827486164789508,6.261913852753676,9.219395338268013, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Air|HT,million,0.592908470528489,2.006786376800678,3.733520099592672,6.250506940428276,9.215046940832657, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Air|LT,million,0.262210677257921,0.177855070294753,0.09396606519683501,0.011406912325399,0.004348397435361, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Ground,million,0.334356186039296,0.24911748169895,0.143385485892144,0.006261639566844001,0.002844670644905, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Ground|HT,million,0.077048639622306,0.07745623887601201,0.05593997486176901,0.001155542369181,0.001973343121441, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Ground|LT,million,0.257307546416989,0.171661242822937,0.08744551103037501,0.005106097197663,0.0008713275234645273, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Gas,million,0.0003270389158408144,0.0004341048730146213,0.0004739603790390113,0.0006708913447516526,0.001071516749662, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Gas|HT,million,0.0001581841721563385,0.0002482793541344247,0.0002667119231272552,0.0003756421695041514,0.0006277238373283167, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Gas|LT,million,0.0001688547436844759,0.0001858255188801966,0.000207248455911756,0.0002952491752475014,0.0004437929123345392, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Hybrid,million,0.004616054940553001,0.005470282613021,0.006671330962923001,0.007596893773079001,0.003575676677803, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Hybrid|HT,million,9.218967310709785e-05,0.0008216277119708423,0.001834384095911,0.002572801009277,0.002867371616112, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Hybrid|LT,million,0.004523865267446,0.004648654901050001,0.004836946867012,0.005024092763801001,0.000708305061690876, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Hydrogen Boiler,million,0.001834133291246,0.001834133291246,0.002859449613282,0.010755868882367,0.03705682705185, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Hydrogen Boiler|HT,million,0.001157378295087,0.001157378295087,0.001157378295087,0.001157378295087,0.0, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Hydrogen Boiler|LT,million,0.0006767549961596668,0.0006767549961596668,0.001702071318195,0.00959849058728,0.03705682705185, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Hydrogen Fuel Cell,million,0.001650115116217,0.001650115116217,4.131195941944852e-07,4.131195941944852e-07,1.53341334089097e-08, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Hydrogen Fuel Cell|HT,million,0.001649717330756,0.001649717330756,1.53341334089097e-08,1.53341334089097e-08,1.53341334089097e-08, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Hydrogen Fuel Cell|LT,million,3.977854607855754e-07,3.977854607855754e-07,3.977854607855754e-07,3.977854607855754e-07,0.0, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Oil Boiler,million,3.958477508402453,2.616685420265657,1.296940059108272,0.003512965175256,2.525621941268032e-08, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Oil Boiler|HT,million,3.955040968548106,2.613248880411311,1.293503519253926,7.64253209099754e-05,2.525621941248473e-08, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Oil Boiler|LT,million,0.003436539854346,0.003436539854346,0.003436539854346,0.003436539854346,1.955917735904165e-19, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV,million,48.976662934,49.77723724399991,49.61856485399991,49.45989247399992,49.30122008399994, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|BEV,million,6.548706673990207,20.8055995127705,35.71235621790112,44.87694360337027,46.88939809262018, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|FCEV,million,0.001622786684857,0.001387786684857,0.0006095957048066,0.001117503562,0.004461375734811, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|ICE,million,38.92183088497888,25.76321194619849,12.78647860804653,4.581831367067648,2.407360615644947, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|PHEV,million,3.504502588346058,3.207037998346057,1.119120432347454,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck,million,5.997480578,6.190540202999998,6.383599826999999,6.576659451999999,6.769719076999998, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|BEV,million,0.138762381037974,0.148923608528105,0.546379959787547,1.909648077801114,4.068765011215745, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|FCEV,million,0.021427994613744,0.046564297685882,0.046585610565721,0.025654067438105,0.001948435765137, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|ICE,million,5.837290202348282,5.99505229678601,5.79063425664673,4.64135730676078,2.699005630019116, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Electricity|Volume,TWh/yr,12.98021875,34.21744140625,14.84237890625,-8.012125000000003,19.849796875, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Gases|Hydrogen|Volume,TWh/yr,0.0,-1.992661225097981,-9.980949041383116,-19.98856128457843,-29.99951255271619, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Volume,TWh/yr,0.0,-10.0,-55.87052294737673,-97.75883664329416,-133.5451965525089, -REMod v1.0,ExPol,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Liquids|Hydrogen|Volume,TWh/yr,0.0,-8.392217168400444e-05,-0.004362986047783611,-0.005025001087594723,-0.0006857827141866666, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity,GW/yr,29.77766696758039,47.64813809449791,60.93034953334385,38.86272363117546,77.12081136170306, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Biomass,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0005552659175476001,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Coal,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Coal|Hard Coal,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Coal|Lignite,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas,GW/yr,8.789510063892175,6.924931224100019,20.98994003583556,0.6734571752008001,0.5807908070820871, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas|CC,GW/yr,0.8866250612260701,0.8865200208013111,0.8147371123862021,0.6734571752008001,0.5807908070820871, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas|OC,GW/yr,7.902885002666105,6.038411203298708,20.17520292344935,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Hydro,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Hydrogen,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,4.718904519195076,51.05908347568264, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Hydrogen|OC,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,4.718904519195076,51.05908347568264, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Oil,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Solar,GW/yr,4.440962960468274,21.9304236016994,29.50210386720096,25.6966720177003,12.5910343693037, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Solar|PV,GW/yr,4.440962960468274,21.9304236016994,29.50210386720096,25.6966720177003,12.5910343693037, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Converter,GW/yr,0.0,0.3851120767519131,0.0,5.52934402832182,18.23990895317527, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Converter|Pump Hydro,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Converter|Stationary Batteries,GW/yr,0.0,0.3851120767519131,0.0,5.52934402832182,18.23990895317527, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Reservoir,GWh/yr,0.0,0.3851120767519131,0.0,5.52934402832182,18.23990895317527, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Pump Hydro,GWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Stationary Batteries,GWh/yr,0.0,0.3851120767519131,0.0,5.52934402832182,18.23990895317527, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Wind,GW/yr,16.54719394321994,18.79278326869849,10.43775036438979,7.773689919079278,12.88990270963463, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Wind|Offshore,GW/yr,7.229475385000002,3.016453268698488,0.214928541830934,3.58095047410494,8.304988045946327, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Wind|Onshore,GW/yr,9.31771855821994,15.77633,10.22282182255886,4.192739444974338,4.584914663688305, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Gases,GW/yr,0.9134766846897501,0.693838898654842,1.206975166580744,1.24047422157379,0.234944995136262, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Gases|Biomass,GW/yr,0.9134766846897501,0.007777170102905,0.385109298109472,0.658036586121715,0.156541218097751, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Gases|Hydrogen,GW/yr,0.0,0.686061728551937,0.8218658684712711,0.582437635452074,0.07840377703851101, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat,GW/yr,1.679830995804611,2.630890454562405,2.986844406373155,3.53616629212683,4.401290084329377, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Geothermal,GW/yr,0.020037290219898,0.082189914467446,0.100713644344661,0.136554194951471,0.131942087867468, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Heat pump,GW/yr,1.169378067209186,1.688951451901058,1.789137391053829,2.06961209717536,2.939347996461909, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Solar thermal,GW/yr,0.490415638375526,0.8597490881939001,1.096993370974665,1.329999999999998,1.329999999999998, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Storage Reservoir,GWh/yr,10.64773807247037,48.4342962182669,49.47665253958238,47.18352500385814,140.3528309405167, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen,GW/yr,0.0001004262992885,3.100050241912883,2.561429122591839,6.914750226711156e-05,1.749640725030411e-05, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Biomass,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Electricity,GW/yr,0.0,3.915170695122105,4.184178901556085,1.51203739569623,0.230430970586936, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Gas,GW/yr,0.0001004262992885,5.024191288343074e-05,6.89942891603452e-05,6.914750226711156e-05,1.749640725030411e-05, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Liquids,GW/yr,0.268576293351073,0.647545733195789,1.621631418320444,1.818288265618605,1.158429219007237, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Liquids|Biomass,GW/yr,0.268576293351073,0.518436766625622,0.8206785135383081,0.8886885053744501,1.006402025458812, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Liquids|Hydrogen,GW/yr,0.0,0.129108966570167,0.8009529047821351,0.929599760244155,0.152027193548425, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Decentral Heat|Solar thermal,GW,14.0911076203969,13.7561347971243,20.22956918160198,32.4946236257538,45.75947911648053, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity,GW,297.1438080550935,487.0393938260402,698.7498780389103,868.0605127056951,979.5261766924916, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Biomass,GW,7.758563255816381,5.488199555816381,3.219643812101073,1.552396748466659,0.871014463650278, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Coal,GW,22.756896875,11.059822265625,0.339210473632812,0.368789184570312,0.21589404296875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Coal|Hard Coal,GW,9.754537500000001,6.89866796875,0.339210473632812,0.368789184570312,0.21589404296875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Coal|Lignite,GW,13.002359375,4.161154296875,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas,GW,60.39900137458535,95.73735604508045,125.9111194931306,144.1812357624142,27.78775966170201, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas|CC,GW,37.90714204231122,36.44345245273273,34.47437773555664,31.49005690892184,27.78775966170201, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas|OC,GW,22.49185933227413,59.29390359234771,91.43674175757394,112.6911788534924,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Hydro,GW,4.02051,4.02051,4.02051,4.02051,4.02051, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Hydrogen,GW,0.010225281,0.010225281,4.88133210280091,9.600236621995986,133.9193021129236, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Hydrogen|OC,GW,0.010225281,0.010225281,4.88133210280091,9.600236621995986,133.9193021129236, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Nuclear,GW,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Oil,GW,1.24,0.08,0.08,0.08,0.08, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar,GW,102.3735310158242,171.8266831595192,306.3269508056011,439.7991245752838,517.4483760352393, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar|PV,GW,102.3735310158242,171.8266831595192,306.3269508056011,439.7991245752838,517.4483760352393, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar|PV|Open Field,GW,33.82449817867483,57.41030274293676,99.23311837840329,148.2719006869472,171.6398724587264, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar|PV|Rooftop,GW,68.5490328371494,114.4163804165824,207.0938324271978,291.5272238883366,345.8085035765128, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Converter,GW,23.488555851,25.85000540739022,16.44899324233192,26.72168544907893,93.67219772330009, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Converter|Pump Hydro,GW,6.788555851,7.084233779,7.379911704,7.675589631,7.971267556, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Converter|Stationary Batteries,GW,16.7,18.76577162839022,9.069081538331924,19.04609581807892,85.70093016730009, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Reservoir,GWh,68.09199998825255,164.6158166481135,250.1375849188575,327.2455609808438,407.3644542210371, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Pump Hydro,GWh,0.717556882,0.748810323,0.7800637650000001,0.811317206,0.8425706470000001, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Stationary Batteries,GWh,16.7,18.76577162839022,9.069081538331924,19.04609581807892,85.70093016730009, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Vehicles,GWh,50.67444310625255,145.1012346967233,240.2884396155256,307.3881479567648,320.820953406737, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Wind,GW,104.7089665338675,207.2690436706242,263.1266681792767,279.8202553515346,306.7078607729764, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Wind|Offshore,GW,29.129,58.05989683404954,58.71043645155972,65.52703424733569,79.7233176865608, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Wind|Onshore,GW,75.57996653386753,149.2091468365746,204.416231727717,214.2932211041989,226.9845430864156, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Gases,GW,5.269465255351743,6.942366392726122,11.29078354282221,17.47821931357604,20.30384933331423, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Gases|Biomass,GW,5.174685960351742,5.815232998769659,6.201106623074999,8.823482064326543,10.25718012965764, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Gases|Hydrogen,GW,0.094779295,1.127133393956463,5.089676919747211,8.654737249249497,10.0466692036566, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat,GW,53.14080950176866,62.0560763871135,70.28597133968107,77.36330687961302,83.31725528437025, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Biomass,GW,0.0,0.215847276608986,0.496591047496268,0.7975018513309341,1.269366884405334, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Gas,GW,46.4242904052839,43.91498161941153,37.6863460171828,28.42783525204286,13.68270348886635, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Geothermal,GW,0.56161486122454,0.6928262581559871,0.9813409035382691,1.361846504426706,1.831783191596241, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Heat pump,GW,4.739143985327297,12.3632394620412,21.31997150635059,30.65758019351116,43.76485864120096, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Solar thermal,GW,1.415760249932926,4.869181770895789,9.801721865113135,16.11854307830137,22.76854307830136, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Storage Reservoir,GWh,21.46626754626736,188.4006325788241,437.8767720627185,675.2784245433938,1394.321467043965, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen,GW,3.558373620343683,9.61654752135668,27.76459616920469,29.2281097542905,29.22788272961949, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Biomass,GW,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Electricity,GW,0.22270115,7.451078654917613,33.36985105871464,45.50058799854664,49.33955817186456, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Gas,GW,3.444373620343683,3.444802583196725,2.285885076985368,0.001019782875582,0.0007927582045814001, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Liquids,GW,7.588755104886104,9.638239479314832,15.65482453060821,24.80652183892149,32.06154315289151, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Liquids|Biomass,GW,7.574833249886104,9.486039156513636,12.85336148386011,17.18776106103926,21.99574415609846, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capacity|Liquids|Hydrogen,GW,0.013921855,0.152200322801196,2.801463046748102,7.618760777882236,10.06579899679305, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Building Retrofits,billion EUR2020/yr,4.064872334842136,10.5199171350109,17.31784066329091,24.96953605595393,35.1389430666837, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Renewable Heating,billion EUR2020/yr,4.044694064522955,10.44979460247348,17.57939158972863,24.06798957074178,30.05592461160384, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Energy Supply|Heat,billion EUR2020/yr,1.040785477634221,2.1699340940576,3.221734230910457,4.100084522406881,5.095000846481856, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Energy Supply|Heat|Geothermal,billion EUR2020/yr,0.038812122160029,0.101285488716719,0.192259242998594,0.299743731723875,0.415980395469443, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Energy Supply|Heat|Heat Pump,billion EUR2020/yr,0.22918819143295,0.6569403446570891,1.143656401673266,1.634045612253559,2.29857023195969, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Energy Supply|Heat|Renewable,billion EUR2020/yr,0.179582696133313,0.347165021128878,0.491335583021014,0.611171696103036,0.701065762165561, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Energy Supply|Heat|Solarthermal,billion EUR2020/yr,0.020285979628631,0.06765768539389401,0.129707689872294,0.20380837160149,0.278486725834457, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Energy Supply|Heat|Transmission and Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,0.5729164882792951,0.9968855541610181,1.264775313345288,1.351315110724919,1.400897731052702, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Residential and Commercial,billion EUR2020/yr,8.682482887644385,21.9665972916454,36.16200756636483,50.38884073742063,66.59576540934025, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Carbon Intensity|Electricity,g CO2/kWh,214.7107064988039,84.84429921888847,23.86303371353248,14.23195485816614,0.7375663496733832, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Carbon Intensity|EndUse,g CO2/kWh,214.9476892623541,204.1564547847201,183.2481422435768,111.6939141607206,2.141502893700823, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy,Mt CO2/yr,478.6523600832438,317.3504202712998,157.6808922669868,57.73200763078242,1.440340803209297, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy incl Bunkers,Mt CO2/yr,505.1933952270728,345.8078680492309,185.9409327234475,75.90424395320984,2.064070455866712, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy incl Bunkers|Demand,Mt CO2/yr,344.8704402120561,249.6277764737948,145.1840363969353,48.70219008110959,0.8395834638632651, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand,Mt CO2/yr,318.3294050682271,221.1703286958637,116.9239959404746,30.52995375868217,0.21585381120585, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers,Mt CO2/yr,26.54103514382898,28.45744777793106,28.26004045646073,18.17223632242742,0.6237296526574151, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers|Aviation,Mt CO2/yr,25.66422101589981,27.55102351097865,27.44152740536382,17.69055016417089,0.60850971089174, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers|Navigation,Mt CO2/yr,0.8768148339168721,0.9064251262478691,0.818512685596796,0.481685227591985,0.015219910100869, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry,Mt CO2/yr,83.41826678217282,56.72972442221358,30.98761647655844,7.53613668145022,0.002784740163407, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Residential,Mt CO2/yr,66.71425359361388,44.7770252599052,24.06625466482201,7.497351146506852,0.015915317542319, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Residential and Commercial,Mt CO2/yr,99.51192094898522,66.79004197719047,35.89756465435688,11.18315463982633,0.023739511960918, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation,Mt CO2/yr,135.3992173370691,97.65056229645973,50.03881480955926,11.81066243740562,0.189329559081525, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|Domestic Aviation,Mt CO2/yr,2.14100229316566,2.298406152610886,2.289271484213131,1.475809740855116,0.050764084968812, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|LDV,Mt CO2/yr,80.09109583463577,52.64418449194848,23.32665683974105,4.562469838862032,0.075946142350568, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|Other transport,Mt CO2/yr,0.248749793668619,0.257150153603389,0.232209631773288,0.136652685990231,0.004317843958277, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|Rail,Mt CO2/yr,0.895856263418883,0.66890136693945,0.4770759056457891,0.204732240014527,0.004018184077656001, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|Truck,Mt CO2/yr,52.02254754568059,41.78198169041398,23.71358647813062,5.430996032408093,0.054283286622572, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2/yr,160.3229550150167,96.1800915754361,40.75689632651218,27.20205387210025,1.224486992003447, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Electricity,Mt CO2/yr,133.6769266309585,77.38381272212277,27.2989824515676,19.01504092086476,1.130528608976655, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Heat,Mt CO2/yr,25.61796711973216,17.83246719490214,12.86082260676003,8.186809428189942,0.09395592309821, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Hydrogen,Mt CO2/yr,1.028061264326022,0.9638116584111961,0.597091268184549,0.0002035230455506502,2.459928581288179e-06, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy,Mt CO2/yr,478.6523600832438,317.3504202712998,157.6808922669868,57.73200763078242,1.440340803209297, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry,Mt CO2/yr,83.41826678217282,56.72972442221358,30.98761647655844,7.53613668145022,0.002784740163407, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2/yr,160.3229550150167,96.1800915754361,40.75689632651218,27.20205387210025,1.224486992003447, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Electricity,Mt CO2/yr,151.3522917751894,91.15048331564071,38.52462993989289,26.89291925534128,1.22441280659911, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Heat,Mt CO2/yr,7.942601975501212,4.065796601384188,1.635175118434743,0.308931093713417,7.17254757551693e-05, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Hydrogen,Mt CO2/yr,1.028061264326022,0.9638116584111961,0.597091268184549,0.0002035230455506502,2.459928581288179e-06, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Energy Service|Residential|Floor Space,bn m2/yr,3.971816669578612,4.005088736277729,4.038360801439747,4.071632868138864,4.104904933300883, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy,TWh/yr,2123.752908454896,1886.290219750312,1620.443396175821,1400.334284890919,1267.10095375525, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy incl Non-Energy Use incl Bunkers,TWh/yr,2236.052189704896,2018.1939023675,1816.329611019571,1660.234081765919,1590.989469380251, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers,TWh/yr,110.1392265625,121.2787578125,132.136671875,143.013328125,153.88971875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation,TWh/yr,106.5006484375,117.415796875,128.309515625,139.222515625,150.134578125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids,TWh/yr,106.5006484375,117.415796875,128.309515625,139.222515625,150.134578125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,3.841111656701861,7.004162634272483,17.31002789778534,47.59591044138308,82.83710105678257, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.002386566999315,0.2075404324122267,1.233013131340212,20.86676755576514,64.86342327546708, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,102.6571502137988,110.2040938083153,109.7664745958744,70.75983762785178,2.43405379275033, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Liquids,TWh/yr,110.1392265625,121.2787578125,132.136671875,143.013328125,153.88971875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,3.972342640313758,7.23459846468205,17.82634331783807,48.89187303364122,84.90900859014619, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.002468103690452222,0.21436847944421,1.26979087061352,21.43493717207959,66.48577622613436, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,106.1644158184958,113.8297908683737,113.0405376865484,72.68651791927923,2.494933933719469, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation,TWh/yr,3.6385810546875,3.862964599609375,3.827154541015625,3.79080517578125,3.7551328125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids,TWh/yr,3.6385810546875,3.862964599609375,3.827154541015625,3.79080517578125,3.7551328125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.1312310892756361,0.2304360488640708,0.5163151894964244,1.29596008833227,2.071903222798646, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,8.153675678835648e-05,0.006828053505011388,0.03677772285051889,0.5681685185554466,1.622349575392213, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,3.507268428655077,3.625700497240294,3.27406162866868,1.926676568893534,0.06088001430914083, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Electricity,TWh/yr,525.7647499999999,677.6336249999999,842.6231250000003,975.367125,1007.8168125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases,TWh/yr,583.4127006835938,419.6247966851261,254.9590897488186,112.6488469102669,12.92588368749619, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,31.65621338715736,31.52568832998997,27.62711477272774,26.92813512143678,7.746958872494123, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.06368052593491695,6.398825442692702,10.84421103727783,11.48509898505051,5.045090639176903, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,551.6928067705016,381.7002829124436,216.487763938813,74.23561280377969,0.1338341758251633, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Heat,TWh/yr,112.7254921875,125.8445078125,134.764421875,138.398546875,139.2815, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,1.1895724856757,6.977615982721911,7.287219902099666,14.63279761549239,33.67973647192628, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use,TWh/yr,637.3230387344361,597.6845225152044,557.1850058865139,517.1419739854622,488.9132111228108, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Electricity,TWh/yr,263.38678125,328.79221875,392.05378125,444.01053125,447.787875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases,TWh/yr,211.0551640625,148.540973198798,86.70102370877949,28.3718045518685,1.239632863521576, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,11.45194011408311,11.15962751079406,9.394837168877755,6.782135881251335,0.7429576996722917, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.02303704364514556,2.26508958978423,3.687666908335403,2.892643756240861,0.4838400458313428, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,199.5801869047718,135.1162560982197,73.61851963156634,18.69702491437631,0.01283511801794139, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Heat,TWh/yr,11.0451533203125,12.484734375,13.81244921875,14.62626953125,15.08412890625, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.1215775937897378,2.275070458461494,3.096176132964525,10.20273408166348,24.05596072977211, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids,TWh/yr,50.50785546874999,34.13716015625,18.616716796875,4.19608447265625,0.003172018527984444, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,1.821644424164058,2.03637183386089,2.511550959797143,1.434512656724055,0.001750168566350278, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.001131827672754722,0.06033975979991889,0.1789006541032895,0.6289120616891836,0.001370423675796945, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,48.68507921691319,32.0404485625892,15.92626518297457,2.132659754243011,5.142628583727725e-05, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids,TWh/yr,101.23303515625,73.152376953125,44.244927734375,16.176142578125,0.76173631888628, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,34.86425390625,26.602251953125,17.337328125,8.579623046875,0.7612123413085938, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,66.36878125,46.550125,26.907599609375,7.59651953125,0.0005239775776861111, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases,TWh/yr,211.0551640625,148.540973198798,86.70102370877949,28.3718045518685,1.239632863521576, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,11.45194011408311,11.15962751079406,9.394837168877755,6.782135881251335,0.7429576996722917, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.02303704364514556,2.26508958978423,3.687666908335403,2.892643756240861,0.4838400458313428, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,199.5801869047718,135.1162560982197,73.61851963156634,18.69702491437631,0.01283511801794139, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,2.255104164123535,11.20198388671875,65.50565014648438,126.6476103515625,194.035462890625, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids,TWh/yr,50.50785546874999,34.13716015625,18.616716796875,4.19608447265625,0.003172018527984444, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,1.821644424164058,2.03637183386089,2.511550959797143,1.434512656724055,0.001750168566350278, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.001131827672754722,0.06033975979991889,0.1789006541032895,0.6289120616891836,0.001370423675796945, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,48.68507921691319,32.0404485625892,15.92626518297457,2.132659754243011,5.142628583727725e-05, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids,TWh/yr,101.23303515625,73.152376953125,44.244927734375,16.176142578125,0.76173631888628, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,34.86425390625,26.602251953125,17.337328125,8.579623046875,0.7612123413085938, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,66.36878125,46.550125,26.907599609375,7.59651953125,0.0005239775776861111, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids,TWh/yr,730.1745625,522.6636875,285.49140625,96.86445312500003,46.5424296875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,26.33488213071173,31.17827045176769,38.5151809099542,33.1149872935005,25.67989333038022, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.01636244041860972,0.9238437296933691,2.743480489941511,14.51811166248407,20.10796816290704, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,703.8233179288696,490.5615733185392,244.2327448501043,49.23135416901545,0.7545681942127547, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use,TWh/yr,2.160054687500001,10.6249248046875,63.74954296875,116.88646875,169.998796875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,2.160054687500001,10.6249248046875,63.74954296875,116.88646875,169.998796875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential,TWh/yr,600.8714021427161,525.9645599563469,448.3814432795903,381.1899166575508,321.1140248976164, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial,TWh/yr,892.4198968128078,791.6366643761188,687.2526447996108,596.8499653157164,516.0209998118863, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Electricity,TWh/yr,231.771546875,269.8555625,309.98984375,340.0214999999999,352.390125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases,TWh/yr,367.5494375,267.994875,166.888640625,83.94156249999999,11.3508232421875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,19.94338383479909,20.13399343896325,18.08388802044172,20.0658044827134,6.802967050619524, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.04011866978497028,4.086632720963875,7.098298164010862,8.558251422140719,4.430330139942988, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,347.5659349954158,243.7742488400729,141.7064544405474,55.31750659514589,0.1175260516249883, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Heat,TWh/yr,101.6803359375,113.3597734375,120.95196875,123.77228125,124.197375, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.5364039804955728,3.51722819158763,2.983374191869581,2.350119602341754,1.965311689877479, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids,TWh/yr,121.6022109375,74.782359375,34.00435546875,0.07132433319091777,4.4493968016468e-07, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,4.385773014207144,4.460965399696025,4.587472245866583,0.02438360318089722,2.454964986099807e-07, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.002724977058120834,0.1321829226949497,0.3267709071419783,0.010690140708085,1.922296060441445e-07, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,117.2137129462347,70.18921105260905,29.09011231574144,0.03625058930193528,7.213575510554678e-09, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Solar,TWh/yr,4.3737890625,4.27146630859375,8.932821289062503,14.9860224609375,19.408337890625, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Solids,TWh/yr,64.95234375,60.918953125,46.0811015625,33.0136328125,6.885693359374999, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,64.95234375,60.918953125,46.0811015625,33.0136328125,6.885693359374999, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Electricity|Heat Pumps,TWh/yr,14.117236328125,49.840953125,86.31317187500001,108.771828125,116.5457890625, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Electricity|Resistive,TWh/yr,1.283547973632813,3.643829833984375,7.305918457031252,14.878921875,19.47356640625, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space and Water Heating,TWh/yr,676.0491040954591,575.2659316101075,470.8818746643067,380.4791702804567,299.6502270074398, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Solids,TWh/yr,166.185375,134.071328125,90.32602929687502,49.18977734374999,7.647429739296439, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,99.81659375,87.52120312500003,63.4184296875,41.5932578125,7.646905761718753, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,66.36878125,46.550125,26.907599609375,7.59651953125,0.0005239775776861111, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation,TWh/yr,594.01,496.969,376.00575,286.342375,262.16675, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation,TWh/yr,8.884669921875002,9.795250976562503,10.7040439453125,11.6144462890625,12.5247705078125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Liquids,TWh/yr,8.884669921875002,9.795250976562503,10.7040439453125,11.6144462890625,12.5247705078125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.3204394499333958,0.584312611329455,1.444065145207189,3.970623163349933,6.910571123761064, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0001990960651079863,0.01731377444404917,0.1028624157664689,1.740781294712266,5.411141797061144, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,8.564031375876498,9.193624590788996,9.157116384338844,5.903041831000302,0.2030575869902953, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation,TWh/yr,1.032254760742187,1.095911743164063,1.08575244140625,1.075440307617187,1.065320190429688, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Liquids,TWh/yr,1.032254760742187,1.095911743164063,1.08575244140625,1.075440307617187,1.065320190429688, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.03722987467536083,0.06537403216793639,0.1464770945419172,0.3676600752156617,0.5877928813905933, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,2.313173847311408e-05,0.001937098781555278,0.01043373136526556,0.1611877419281361,0.4602558271300436, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,0.9950017543283532,1.028600612214571,0.9288416154990673,0.54659249047339,0.01727148190905056, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Electricity,TWh/yr,30.60641015625,78.98586718749999,140.57946875,191.335125,207.6388125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases,TWh/yr,4.80809912109375,3.088948486328125,1.369425415039063,0.3354798583984375,0.3354275817871095, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.2608894382751784,0.2320673802326478,0.1483895834082525,0.08019475747203807,0.2010341222023053, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0005248125048008333,0.04710313194459528,0.0582459649315725,0.03420380666893083,0.1309204534025703, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,4.546684870313772,2.809777974150883,1.162789866699237,0.2210812942574683,0.003473006182233333, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.5315909768021481,1.185317183602225,1.207667953514338,2.079946912473611,7.658462094876681, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV,TWh/yr,349.5726875,270.35846875,183.6865625,128.546125,115.46203125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Electricity,TWh/yr,16.5148984375,45.53908984375,74.440328125,92.6495546875,96.6041328125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Gases,TWh/yr,3.34980419921875,2.118441894531251,0.8864776611328128,0.2378930816650392,0.2378226623535156, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.003570973396301111,0.003059125185012778,0.001267694711685,0.001805548787116944,0.004979094028472778, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Liquids,TWh/yr,329.70440625,222.697875,108.3584921875,35.65687109375,18.615095703125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,11.89130260419069,13.28451687354682,14.61846780101256,12.18999122073984,10.27092214997653, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.007388327367291388,0.3936336890340938,1.041290220048037,5.344276660560181,8.04237669286171, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,317.8057153184422,209.0197244374191,92.69873416643942,18.12260321244997,0.3017968602867567, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids,TWh/yr,558.0645000000003,413.7441875,232.87034375,92.59704687500003,46.5392578125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,20.12746483322552,24.68093438330146,31.41615902175506,31.65609190736133,25.67814324100577, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.01250563577526889,0.7313210817213175,2.237809022540755,13.87850984315896,20.10659780124038, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,537.9245295309994,388.3319320349772,199.2163757057042,47.06244512447972,0.7545167702538619, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail,TWh/yr,15.44447265625,14.5775703125,13.95755859375,13.338091796875,12.7182607421875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Electricity,TWh/yr,11.7268740234375,11.7268740234375,11.7268740234375,11.7268740234375,11.7268740234375, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Liquids,TWh/yr,3.7175986328125,2.85069580078125,2.23068408203125,1.61121826171875,0.9913865966796878, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.1340809812234622,0.1700515394088406,0.3009379585217853,0.5508261342787856,0.5469998498754902, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,8.33074572215055e-05,0.005038799334638889,0.02143615578017333,0.2414905146481339,0.428313911779338, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,3.583434344131816,2.67560546203777,1.908309967729291,0.8189016127918308,0.01607283502485944, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck,TWh/yr,219.076140625,201.142140625,166.5716875,131.7685625,120.3962421875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Electricity,TWh/yr,2.364635742187501,21.719900390625,54.41226953125,86.95870312499999,99.30779687500004, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Gases,TWh/yr,1.458484985351562,0.9708227539062502,0.4828585205078125,0.097576820373535,0.09759342956542945, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.5274608154296875,1.146948486328125,1.185192749023438,2.073218017578125,7.64816357421875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Liquids,TWh/yr,214.7255625,177.30446875,110.491375,42.63906640625,13.3426865234375, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,7.744411637029981,10.57668020794824,14.90621154945742,14.57698976968949,7.361858178938175, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.004811772969369444,0.3133977462348606,1.061786537118615,6.390772954358855,5.764510310749555, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,206.9763390900007,166.4143907958169,94.52337691342399,21.67130368220166,0.2163180337497736, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Buildings|Energiewende,billion EUR2020/yr,35.79496634008713,50.13809829895492,48.37072077594321,53.85925436050584,59.18164477742506,59.7301973630616 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial,billion EUR2020/yr,33.16884216539643,48.70514099842126,48.43818793767785,55.03206717343924,60.65370899234249,61.15589718451609 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Building Retrofits|High-Efficiency,billion EUR2020/yr,0.696751184222525,0.5836736998654356,1.539423150784468,17.49521487488341,40.61216810937413,43.15604722549907 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Building Retrofits|Medium-Efficiency,billion EUR2020/yr,21.16442239529929,28.8053517142679,28.26253097097702,19.22247708863569,6.12309313879134,4.681561502445838 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Biomass Boiler,billion EUR2020/yr,0.8482161749615597,0.0969890920339838,7.317688624357928e-06,6.820764443236194e-06,0.0089952060863288,0.010791981501253 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|CHP,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0001814400778908041,2.633771830112206e-05,2.333091932666397e-06,2.232499635635762e-05,3.823039500101823e-05,3.933182414406914e-05 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Gas Boiler,billion EUR2020/yr,1.230244967549904,0.214423713819807,1.088806478960098e-05,1.88764934710679e-06,0.0371175652565512,0.044630212726142 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Heat Pump,billion EUR2020/yr,9.113408873536292,18.55780660131802,17.02868887755986,15.74011812871117,11.36982571957881,10.81145156652678 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Hydrogen Boiler,billion EUR2020/yr,0.012682781149826,0.0,0.009281780256230705,0.0438831661611192,0.0579670946473596,0.058633441924415 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Hydrogen Fuel Cell,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Oil Boiler,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Solar Thermal,billion EUR2020/yr,0.04348293779788238,0.3786471438014188,0.813489074158088,1.017909150649928,0.9724779436905359,0.9670814324381001 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity,billion EUR2020/yr,47.75235443992218,55.99852411067945,40.12376704051324,33.80990140383812,52.20580057777377,62.72055454291761 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Biomass,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0002700049215613553,0.0002153035066081501,0.0014463850957636,0.0001987564346719527,0.0,0.0 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Electricity Storage,billion EUR2020/yr,0.6155533040689194,0.06356861068671826,0.0041895903580074,0.7211805567982182,1.912861147493612,2.02263729870673 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Gas,billion EUR2020/yr,3.212939509250911,6.145208655425471,6.210309317063967,0.1249267648581558,0.0,0.0 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Hydrogen,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.4577066683453048,0.1705731855385536,5.347230299790547,22.81870195296126,31.08339700262483 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Solar,billion EUR2020/yr,5.132756955460201,13.17809148314444,17.0180661578537,13.86006777259904,7.547838843452074,6.883895991622835 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Transmission and Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,4.523155018962794,4.998201988428603,2.62662146271584,2.020968043343942,1.760550548762691,1.18252760258608 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Wind,billion EUR2020/yr,34.8832329513267,31.21910001182902,14.09675053224542,12.45650976681176,20.07870923259776,23.57073394608387 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Wind Offshore,billion EUR2020/yr,21.14746699014123,9.365367237041903,0.9817990062927686,6.978067302100042,14.42172815564929,17.53818063820431 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Wind Onshore,billion EUR2020/yr,13.73576596118547,21.85373277478712,13.11495152595266,5.478442464711718,5.656981076948472,6.032553307879572 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Energiewende,billion EUR2020/yr,48.56980622647397,58.53200154832033,42.09821508782961,34.63250581086138,54.11869541413446,64.743216174863 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat|Geothermal,billion EUR2020/yr,0.07671810162803769,0.2768953699975604,0.3285770626394572,0.4386339721236804,0.3878825977839116,0.376516150978038 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat|Heatpump,billion EUR2020/yr,1.059110635490206,1.449151916050635,1.504214710137986,1.700986855990985,2.24105010684735,2.29713750983998 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat|Solarthermal,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1234999040548664,0.1877472284816358,0.232456591004653,0.261642958796123,0.2564351764705872,0.255650588235293 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat|Transmission and Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,2.685757025569852,1.501206333848347,0.7172887164541293,0.3396432430507414,0.0,0.0 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen|Electrolysis,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1006356529979164,1.234907726091968,0.985078988614527,0.0506678845446336,0.0,0.0 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen|Transmission and Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1012628294849637,1.235001100862199,0.9851794683438331,0.05075596568041462,3.368886707369705e-05,2.433323865483471e-05 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Energy,billion EUR2020/yr,115.4085075297751,122.9000883020979,120.2942314131165,110.1663552109655,93.15537608906205, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Energy|Biomass,billion EUR2020/yr,5.591782865810311,6.923047798309369,5.977913614527725,5.527312866286004,1.700225995069678, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Energy|Electricity|Heating,billion EUR2020/yr,2.602697268578879,9.76743966082129,17.47993827170936,23.14903296278466,24.05797584807846, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Energy|Electricity|Non-Heating,billion EUR2020/yr,56.69172674781041,57.89571548022342,56.1101672377583,54.00990543269199,51.02648943549243, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Energy|Fossil,billion EUR2020/yr,40.73121052760496,34.67182044950135,22.86428187283802,8.780314595712747,0.020466944239931, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Energy|Heat,billion EUR2020/yr,9.74684012029541,13.53489466726255,17.77288199888848,18.48254505650719,15.98431832185362, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Energy|Hydrogen,billion EUR2020/yr,0.044249999675149,0.107170245979919,0.08904841739458001,0.217244296982864,0.365899544327923, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Energy|Other Non-Fossil,billion EUR2020/yr,0.00362144152384,0.9653035150188711,1.564937799948725,1.781534071905609,0.9063075119548911, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Non-Energy,billion EUR2020/yr,2.245310764819434,2.461758740487353,2.640295363047704,2.679207507403286,2.465217329180569, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy,TWh/yr,2586.013830459111,2357.670027497357,2085.080243329391,1878.005175877244,1778.585234113279, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass,TWh/yr,218.0999894511136,201.4609419657182,234.768128565992,273.0235208489133,293.407651992608, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Electricity,TWh/yr,9.880901982487009,17.06555049210638,26.55282110612434,51.39668911435655,60.94407581456355, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Gases,TWh/yr,39.0848818308587,38.94909859485306,34.05991918112122,31.97711925843517,8.802519591807751, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Heat,TWh/yr,2.564795313774685,1.889566758910958,1.175060228568697,0.6307690857063366,0.02335771862869389, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Liquids,TWh/yr,32.20595211603394,44.30312188264325,77.63260582873211,128.0947668934446,185.21699186135, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal,TWh/yr,381.986874414788,195.7235988707666,31.37415781857511,12.54938814785393,2.96482690578235, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Electricity,TWh/yr,315.6009140625,149.17783203125,4.4658974609375,4.952478027343752,2.9642939453125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Hard Coal,TWh/yr,190.7913088550804,134.5315037045593,31.37415781857511,12.54938814785393,2.96482690578235, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Lignite,TWh/yr,191.1955655597077,61.19209516620722,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Solids,TWh/yr,66.36878125,46.550125,26.907599609375,7.59651953125,0.0005239775776861111, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Fossil,TWh/yr,1988.817483158875,1417.349486532616,814.5344893971878,338.2588195791122,7.277457608951645, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas,TWh/yr,789.991096271059,616.7926883114358,425.647506279458,203.6781956820668,1.060654255502021, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Electricity,TWh/yr,193.882324878306,210.1898081926469,198.1020216131384,127.9145893443317,0.9264951478742889, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Gases,TWh/yr,551.6928067705014,381.7002829124436,216.487763938813,74.23561280377967,0.1338341758251633, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Heat,TWh/yr,39.31967185234627,20.12756660197024,8.094825383700499,1.529367960122952,0.0003550878645130556, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,5.089394090512328,4.77131181127515,2.955860506679489,0.001007543854748889,1.217825016269309e-05, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Geothermal,TWh/yr,0.9993372192382813,1.244109008789062,1.780114624023438,2.50106396484375,3.42296826171875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Geothermal|Heat,TWh/yr,0.9993372192382813,1.244109008789062,1.780114624023438,2.50106396484375,3.42296826171875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Hydro,TWh/yr,14.53466796875,14.53466796875,14.53466796875,14.53466796875,14.53466796875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Non-Biomass Renewables,TWh/yr,379.0963578491211,738.8595989990235,1035.777625366211,1266.722835449219,1477.900124511719, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Nuclear,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Oil,TWh/yr,816.8395124730283,604.8331993504133,357.5128252991544,122.0312357491913,3.251976447667275, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Oil|Electricity,TWh/yr,7.11022021484375,0.4757119140625,0.2783641967773439,0.2057330169677733,0.1532093963623047, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Oil|Liquids,TWh/yr,816.8395124730283,604.8331993504133,357.5128252991544,122.0312357491913,3.251976447667275, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Solar,TWh/yr,96.83963391113284,171.8549470214844,320.2905302734375,469.801541015625,559.2111132812499, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Solar|Heat,TWh/yr,1.035240844726562,3.499843994140625,7.0332978515625,11.46309375,16.053107421875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Wind,TWh/yr,266.72271875,551.225875,699.1723125,779.8855625,900.7313750000003, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating,million,1.166139847009307,1.184748237334738,1.095534606356472,1.102586053606986,1.048083614013395, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Biomass Boiler,million,0.229350704116952,0.01407114798149,0.0,0.0,0.004727556407352, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Biomass Boiler|HT,million,0.021460470656067,0.00331085336492,0.0,0.0,0.001119658230729, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Biomass Boiler|LT,million,0.207890233460885,0.01076029461657,0.0,0.0,0.003607898176622, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|CHP,million,3.177240479529476e-05,4.049572455672829e-06,3.46817621170051e-07,4.796927523355708e-06,1.069456949922449e-05, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|CHP|HT,million,4.609014228428653e-06,6.542979665045269e-07,3.46817621170051e-07,1.804597663731619e-06,3.746373438120716e-06, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|CHP|LT,million,2.716339056686611e-05,3.395274489168304e-06,0.0,2.992329859624089e-06,6.948196061103772e-06, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|District Heating,million,0.256513041292266,0.256282938362296,0.226761346159926,0.223341712584392,0.211600617332942, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Gas Boiler,million,0.292829394616939,0.045029923049912,2.069150423220603e-06,0.0,0.015100434653604, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Gas Boiler|HT,million,0.2928180731724,0.045015102103193,0.0,0.0,0.015076800219958, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Gas Boiler|LT,million,1.132144453906505e-05,1.482094671937342e-05,2.069150423220603e-06,0.0,2.36344336468051e-05, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump,million,0.387414934578353,0.869360178368584,0.866609684099211,0.8681929630454971,0.7986346219864151, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical,million,0.386958612144472,0.8692010074329211,0.8666049586536211,0.868185862818956,0.798554652592063, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Air,million,0.386924836700563,0.8691109939354661,0.8665634117734471,0.8681702110417371,0.7984465455980061, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Air|HT,million,0.370619581452646,0.681315358853921,0.487964159954295,0.142065222818673,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Air|LT,million,0.016305255247917,0.187795635081544,0.378599251819152,0.726104988223063,0.7984465455980061, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Ground,million,3.377544390857134e-05,9.001349745501847e-05,4.154688017362996e-05,1.565177721982431e-05,0.0001081069940562316, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Ground|HT,million,1.406468943065131e-05,2.351438543257725e-05,0.0,0.0,8.122381131367162e-05, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Ground|LT,million,1.971075447792005e-05,6.649911202244122e-05,4.154688017362996e-05,1.565177721982431e-05,2.688318274256e-05, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Gas,million,3.532779591522393e-05,1.818823435687084e-05,4.725445589774074e-06,4.188710255789378e-06,1.312685517763236e-05, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Gas|HT,million,4.518425713284986e-07,6.720966598246432e-07,1.579722721727416e-06,4.188710255789378e-06,6.958916168723352e-06, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Gas|LT,million,3.487595334389543e-05,1.75161376970462e-05,3.145722868046659e-06,0.0,6.167939008909004e-06, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Hybrid,million,0.0004209946379657897,0.0001409827013056921,0.0,2.911516284978134e-06,6.68425391748399e-05, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Hybrid|HT,million,0.0004177468003360799,0.0001391704855067317,0.0,0.0,4.739326662520438e-05, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Hybrid|LT,million,3.247837629709791e-06,1.812215798960426e-06,0.0,2.911516284978134e-06,1.944927254963551e-05, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Hydrogen Boiler,million,0.0,0.0,0.002161160129289,0.011046581049572,0.01800968906358, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Hydrogen Boiler|HT,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Hydrogen Boiler|LT,million,0.0,0.0,0.002161160129289,0.011046581049572,0.01800968906358, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Hydrogen Fuel Cell,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Hydrogen Fuel Cell|HT,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Hydrogen Fuel Cell|LT,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Oil Boiler,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Oil Boiler|HT,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Oil Boiler|LT,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV,million,3.369160449999793,3.369160460000234,3.427044489000003,3.337425979999797,3.337425980000237, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|BEV,million,2.69532836,3.032244414000001,3.426990727344101,3.337234530520731,3.337156350741336, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|FCEV,million,4.304069238294238e-05,0.0,2.669243448478222e-05,0.0001434767963775,0.0001892341722658, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|ICE,million,0.673628393103457,0.336916046000233,1.912939224632298e-05,0.0,1.348328259917376e-05, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|PHEV,million,0.0001606562039519,0.0,7.939829170631095e-06,4.797268268819086e-05,6.691180403598445e-05, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck,million,0.408629022,0.408629021999999,0.4285677919999991,0.4472409470000001,0.4472409469999991, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|BEV,million,0.004086290219999999,0.40857869931823,0.427026979595318,0.4249053021788171,0.373345326189623, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|FCEV,million,0.012371980577373,0.0,0.001538718210733,0.022335644821182,0.073886455246103, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|ICE,million,0.392170751202627,5.032268176872443e-05,2.094193948071238e-06,0.0,9.165564272131492e-06, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy,TWh/yr,2389.697015985488,2302.98779265156,2156.397303620744,1987.081069912713,2004.533781927318, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Efuel|Electricity,TWh/yr,-0.002649691633288056,0.7629300018404717,5.833036166337172,16.33640986267101,33.5324385138655, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Electricity|Heat,TWh/yr,10.58265816497803,36.13478042602539,44.61668182373047,50.2098359527588,69.85769894409181, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Electricity|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.5762084426879884,31.54916778564453,119.04088671875,160.900521484375,198.46473046875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Hydrogen|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.02013458888167167,2.284453523409126,6.557293205693616,12.0427453706082,119.3723821146498, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Hydrogen|Gases,TWh/yr,-0.01727454390048972,2.493771509990476,9.889986202679726,17.35139707745765,23.40580406920318, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Hydrogen|Liquids,TWh/yr,0.02508270745754223,0.3380254925335789,5.287804164208533,14.2774055671999,21.97116445385346, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity,TWh/yr,622.590875,912.0685000000001,1143.98625,1336.08075,1532.78225, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Biomass,TWh/yr,14.04219270937729,8.97269235139067,16.3876467581509,21.50971893305413,29.685696457492, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Coal,TWh/yr,113.784484375,55.299111328125,1.696052368164062,1.843945922851562,1.07947021484375, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Coal|Hard Coal,TWh/yr,48.7726875,34.49333984375,1.696052368164062,1.843945922851562,1.07947021484375, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Coal|Lignite,TWh/yr,65.011796875,20.805771484375,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Curtailment,TWh/yr,1.182062744140625,24.6015625,27.623361328125,37.39531640625,56.92282812500003, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Fossil,TWh/yr,233.9207549792139,169.5082258724293,102.4243346937662,64.22014148879519,1.65634542422386, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas,TWh/yr,116.5202113433571,116.3129116525156,106.6161027535679,72.97601837163339,19.84636361624134, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas|Autoproduction,TWh/yr,40.35562890625,28.107234375,16.0926640625,4.5038271484375,0.001158218264579722, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas|CC,TWh/yr,74.40188015956666,67.38478081732372,63.96286945269537,48.04628136540767,18.59995402450396, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas|OC,TWh/yr,1.762702277540444,20.82089646019185,26.56056923837248,20.42590985778824,1.245251373472793, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Hydro,TWh/yr,14.53466796875,14.53466796875,14.53466796875,14.53466796875,14.53466796875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,1.234973510742188,3.483892578125,45.1983359375, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Hydrogen|OC,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,1.234973510742188,3.483892578125,45.1983359375, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Non-Biomass Renewables,TWh/yr,372.2128125,729.380125,1017.0609375,1236.144625,1436.90725, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Nuclear,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Oil,TWh/yr,2.976338623046875,0.199224090576172,0.1163989028930664,0.08595199584960916,0.06401057434082028, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Other,TWh/yr,3.05483750152588,1.904453582763672,0.8741033071950081,0.03661952082719639,0.001091865240930833, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Solar,TWh/yr,90.95544531250002,163.61959375,303.35396875,441.724375,521.6411875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Solar|PV,TWh/yr,90.95544531250002,163.61959375,303.35396875,441.724375,521.6411875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Transmission Losses,TWh/yr,25.27715,40.1853125,53.653625,66.01885,77.33823750000002, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Wind,TWh/yr,266.72271875,551.225875,699.1723125,779.8855625,900.7313750000003, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Wind|Offshore,TWh/yr,118.9792578125,238.602125,242.7193281250001,272.5063125,333.45065625, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Wind|Onshore,TWh/yr,147.74346875,312.62371875,456.45296875,507.37925,567.2806875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases,TWh/yr,628.568574361845,453.9912936183205,276.7206719149718,123.3714291712513,26.87747675857329, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,31.65621338715739,31.52568832998997,27.62711477272773,26.92813512143678,7.746958872494123, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,-0.01381859111785889,1.864893676757813,7.358692382812502,12.9036689453125,17.40318945312501, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,551.6928067705014,381.7002829124436,216.487763938813,74.23561280377967,0.1338341758251633, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases|Other,TWh/yr,0.1050052947998047,7.751258300781253,7.748009765625,4.81053857421875,1.594455200195313, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat,TWh/yr,121.4649344369173,136.0060440621376,148.4232838619947,159.9294628853798,179.3324801567793, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.0,1.726897837162018,3.972919604182245,6.379763300418856,10.15565764319897, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Coal,TWh/yr,17.2554643187583,5.577401166702128,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Electricity,TWh/yr,28.20417553710939,69.0610234375,92.79358398437499,106.900884765625,126.29206640625, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Electricity|Heat Pumps,TWh/yr,24.376548828125,45.61921874999999,66.7815078125,78.66796874999999,78.44301562499999, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Electricity|Resistive,TWh/yr,3.827626708984375,23.4418046875,26.012076171875,28.232916015625,47.84905078125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Gas,TWh/yr,19.5012390625,41.057296875,42.94707945154364,37.72869034040803,33.02423850168008, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Geothermal,TWh/yr,0.9815757446289064,0.7043792114257813,0.4404357604980469,0.1939604644775389,0.02086534881591778, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Solar,TWh/yr,1.035240844726562,3.499843994140625,7.0332978515625,11.46309375,16.053107421875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,3.465157833967211,23.32004358455531,79.03298128485703,103.5643053881402,127.3053035906269, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.3685230683422089,20.30237830135218,77.03037239813827,103.5634120196575,127.3046091480567, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Fossil,TWh/yr,2.928272084904945,2.744937147263013,1.700430921513151,0.0005887300099702777,7.190235599272986e-06, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Gas,TWh/yr,3.096634765625,3.017665283203125,2.00260888671875,0.0008933684825894444,0.0006944425702094444, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids,TWh/yr,847.4220993527586,643.5305832615461,417.908087262045,214.9453451241913,130.5888416820423, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,30.30722501757422,38.41287029999491,56.34152531470053,82.00685869698164,110.5888979346499, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Fossil,TWh/yr,816.8395124730283,604.8331993504133,357.5128252991544,122.0312357491913,3.251976447667275, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.01898983383178695,0.25643359375,4.015962158203125,10.83099609375,16.663755859375, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Oil,TWh/yr,809.9877403366011,604.3913859557312,357.2732894289633,121.91786966477,3.249502010812747, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Solids,TWh/yr,166.185375,134.071328125,90.32602929687502,49.18977734374999,7.647429739296439, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,99.81659375,87.52120312500003,63.4184296875,41.5932578125,7.646905761718753, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,66.36878125,46.550125,26.907599609375,7.59651953125,0.0005239775776861111, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Residential and Commercial|Building Retrofits|High-Efficiency,million,0.012021867413256,0.007946402785142,0.013671143501914,0.278530455306333,0.7129347743044221, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Residential and Commercial|High-Efficiency Buildings,million,0.015972216650701,0.103467045002382,0.116235994105738,0.7819255886323061,3.3731919055162, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Residential and Commercial|Low-Efficiency Buildings,million,15.0687087228786,12.60803319072831,10.14755006981391,7.686983038172862,5.226291527244719, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Residential and Commercial|Medium-Efficiency Buildings,million,10.7550181304707,13.34465902426931,16.00883337608035,18.02017100319483,18.10605637723908, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating,million,23.6025667619222,23.79781555199223,23.99306433304218,24.18831312311221,24.38356190416216, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Biomass Boiler,million,2.125900915846202,2.202703904724277,1.877341120064406,1.547104480616416,0.441023904246332, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Biomass Boiler|HT,million,0.7573255076848351,0.6301654938930971,0.464432639102305,0.2993143342614411,0.049262624209852, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Biomass Boiler|LT,million,1.368575408161367,1.572538410831179,1.4129084809621,1.247790146354976,0.39176128003648, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|CHP,million,0.171053564854429,0.114016511480039,0.05786140516641201,0.002833854748705,0.0001235645183670823, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|CHP|HT,million,0.170907922302717,0.113819286713205,0.057661519411627,0.002627532501865,3.220430589354235e-05, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|CHP|LT,million,0.0001456425517118242,0.0001972247668338998,0.0001998857547848841,0.0002063222468403927,9.136021247353998e-05, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|District Heating,million,3.698090257664943,4.418436767097481,5.063485961385317,5.609906556742707,6.216827033473538, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Gas Boiler,million,12.24777971338763,9.642430824429653,6.572181458851794,3.798193219527022,0.6706331272250641, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Gas Boiler|HT,million,10.4863696366591,8.501810182211388,6.038873654320202,3.655665479639141,0.6704672602118721, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Gas Boiler|LT,million,1.76141007672853,1.140620642218264,0.533307804531592,0.14252773988788,0.0001658670131923717, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump,million,1.385962512609444,4.788239834838025,9.108450296052897,13.17448459976437,16.93083022154726, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical,million,1.380020505706798,4.780839392524499,9.100887986928317,13.16690040235256,16.92898013149149, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Air,million,1.045793462378233,4.53186121638186,8.957750203837632,13.16123248309512,16.92791108978511, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Air|HT,million,0.7674674964100651,3.79052956943592,6.790292278348893,8.185005353364424,7.57122481286891, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Air|LT,million,0.278325965968166,0.74133164694594,2.167457925488739,4.9762271297307,9.356686276916193, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Ground,million,0.334227043328564,0.248978176142638,0.143137783090685,0.00566791925744,0.001069041706384, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Ground|HT,million,0.076960193797139,0.077085647488861,0.055214441406633,0.0001750491547171704,0.0003116509656195881, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Ground|LT,million,0.257266849531425,0.171892528653777,0.08792334168405101,0.005492870102723001,0.000757390740764493, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Gas,million,0.000237494919908975,0.0003647234304873202,0.0004100601698081011,0.0004274564061678485,0.0002355138840268633, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Gas|HT,million,2.669261275663975e-06,5.278580689514014e-06,1.103530682098248e-05,2.598046592357776e-05,5.536172790513321e-05, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Gas|LT,million,0.0002348256586333111,0.0003594448497978062,0.0003990248629871186,0.0004014759402442708,0.00018015215612173, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Hybrid,million,0.005704511982737,0.007035718883039,0.007152248954770001,0.007156741005635001,0.00161457617174, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Hybrid|HT,million,0.001191481820491,0.00250902464152,0.002623764820449,0.002623764820449,0.001532776446832, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Hybrid|LT,million,0.004513030162246,0.004526694241519,0.004528484134321001,0.004532976185186,8.17997249078514e-05, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Hydrogen Boiler,million,0.013652174040875,0.013652174040875,0.016803619293485,0.052277033418138,0.124124012561247, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Hydrogen Boiler|HT,million,0.010911187080515,0.010911187080515,0.010911187080515,0.010911187080515,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Hydrogen Boiler|LT,million,0.00274098696036,0.00274098696036,0.005892432212969,0.041365846337622,0.124124012561247, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Hydrogen Fuel Cell,million,0.001650115116217,0.001650115116217,4.131195941944852e-07,4.131195941944852e-07,1.53341334089097e-08, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Hydrogen Fuel Cell|HT,million,0.001649717330756,0.001649717330756,1.53341334089097e-08,1.53341334089097e-08,1.53341334089097e-08, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Hydrogen Fuel Cell|LT,million,3.977854607855754e-07,3.977854607855754e-07,3.977854607855754e-07,3.977854607855754e-07,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Oil Boiler,million,3.958477508402453,2.616685420265657,1.296940059108272,0.003512965175256,2.525621941268032e-08, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Oil Boiler|HT,million,3.955040968548106,2.613248880411311,1.293503519253926,7.64253209099754e-05,2.525621941248473e-08, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Oil Boiler|LT,million,0.003436539854346,0.003436539854346,0.003436539854346,0.003436539854346,1.955917735904165e-19, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV,million,48.97666293399978,49.77723724400035,49.61856485400035,49.45989247400035,49.30122008400036, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|BEV,million,6.55103289590387,20.80792573468417,35.7163744507012,44.87966491417436,46.89545142476496, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|FCEV,million,0.001586602003167,0.001351602003167,0.0005104632999214001,0.0,0.0007611206999694, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|ICE,million,38.919649308032,25.76103036925226,12.7826822016641,4.580227559825987,2.405007538535429, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|PHEV,million,3.504394128060746,3.206929538060746,1.118997738335129,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck,million,5.997480578000001,6.190540203000072,6.383599827000074,6.576659452000074,6.769719077000073, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|BEV,million,0.138762381037974,1.329504779356205,3.338838280687755,5.341422427181306,6.100452922876673, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|FCEV,million,0.021410919817213,0.046547222889351,0.04808683993744101,0.08414535058870101,0.310395927839813, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|ICE,million,5.837307277144813,4.814488200754516,2.996674706374878,1.151091674230067,0.358870226283587, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Electricity|Volume,TWh/yr,59.95783984374999,105.142259765625,60.80466796875,50.20665625,109.5798671875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Gases|Hydrogen|Volume,TWh/yr,0.0,-0.7237637194565564,-6.214647851233036,-13.79714060779131,-20.98539273487934, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Volume,TWh/yr,0.0,-7.991518856485947,-55.9790918837048,-135.9913485166962,-199.9989542878593, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Elek,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Liquids|Hydrogen|Volume,TWh/yr,0.0,-0.8826106957370383,0.0,-25.15548319006997,-69.9959249723085, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity,GW/yr,16.39953333102101,33.63410810243784,51.25351036818493,36.53078579098851,78.94719746366508, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Biomass,GW/yr,0.0008715903272799001,0.0002601646057009,0.0001249386900003,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Coal,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Coal|Hard Coal,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Coal|Lignite,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas,GW/yr,7.932179351860552,6.120422803793884,22.33880176217247,3.073446658728586,1.985585311952461, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas|CC,GW/yr,0.9192776357855611,1.115334925047575,2.323017382521108,3.073446658728586,1.985585311952461, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas|OC,GW/yr,7.012901716074991,5.005087878746309,20.01578437965136,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Hydro,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Hydrogen,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.403800819496454,37.53560569920462, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Hydrogen|OC,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.403800819496454,37.53560569920462, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Oil,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Solar,GW/yr,6.756081186951716,10.00323687,16.31517627606506,24.22616712240657,25.5952367902629, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Solar|PV,GW/yr,6.756081186951716,10.00323687,16.31517627606506,24.22616712240657,25.5952367902629, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Converter,GW/yr,0.0,0.4782134409716851,0.0,1.311444778110465,9.205613238020227, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Converter|Pump Hydro,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Converter|Stationary Batteries,GW/yr,0.0,0.4782134409716851,0.0,1.311444778110465,9.205613238020227, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Reservoir,GWh/yr,0.0,0.4782134409716851,0.0,1.311444778110465,9.205613238020227, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Pump Hydro,GWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Stationary Batteries,GWh/yr,0.0,0.4782134409716851,0.0,1.311444778110465,9.205613238020227, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Wind,GW/yr,1.710401201881465,17.51018826403826,12.5994073912574,8.827371190356907,13.8307696622451, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Wind|Offshore,GW/yr,1.7,1.733858264038253,3.606940544135802,6.218547889586072,4.064416397621212, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Wind|Onshore,GW/yr,0.010401201881465,15.77633,8.992466847121594,2.608823300770834,9.766353264623888, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Gases,GW/yr,0.8586761933942351,1.127254200519601,1.0,1.331187297309193,3.793293729414741, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Gases|Biomass,GW/yr,0.8586761933942351,0.127404973796876,0.0,0.331242104495073,2.796004756241269, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Gases|Hydrogen,GW/yr,0.0,0.999849226722724,1.0,0.99994519281412,0.9972889731734721, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat,GW/yr,1.22166146903404,2.226244293871697,2.224504394734266,2.311653513632319,3.53358182896621, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Geothermal,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.03661979299335701,0.101752188375062,0.105442677984997, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Heat pump,GW/yr,1.2,2.2,2.187884601740908,2.14885744539042,2.976357249981662, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Solar thermal,GW/yr,0.021661469034039,0.026244293871696,0.0,0.06104387986683701,0.45178190099955, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Storage Reservoir,GWh/yr,8.791698099796795,48.94248883962892,44.66510395409723,42.37266252473123,150.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen,GW/yr,0.0,1.351697373531138,0.246201774664803,0.183174496001405,2.182259217663598, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Biomass,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Electricity,GW/yr,0.0,3.276564234303767,2.245559252556731,2.179138264083109,4.179548190837071, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Gas,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0006425221080726,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Liquids,GW/yr,0.0,0.9250176340499041,1.485995397842375,1.774567490634774,1.763266128169975, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Liquids|Biomass,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.4859953978423741,0.7785489153671901,0.7632661281699741, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Liquids|Hydrogen,GW/yr,0.0,0.9250176340499041,1.0,0.9960185752675831,1.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Decentral Heat|Solar thermal,GW,14.32685763650106,11.2332852742746,13.2695410565307,24.81330914134897,37.3212817465576, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity,GW,263.7043960968372,381.1397815554136,528.3229633820538,676.3921414975699,838.0488632335177, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Biomass,GW,7.761167625482011,5.493039757392683,3.223478085390374,1.555146544066184,0.8711598895841711, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Coal,GW,25.49573046875,12.32186484375,0.21600654296875,0.21012119140625,0.122031848144531, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Coal|Hard Coal,GW,12.00177734375,8.03740234375,0.21600654296875,0.21012119140625,0.122031848144531, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Coal|Lignite,GW,13.493953125,4.2844625,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas,GW,59.71017763146605,85.54046050633518,113.1261215991735,142.5602581198109,67.77642015803231, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas|CC,GW,38.38270018414706,37.89628962709305,40.46882368485952,48.4290014794185,54.45634460305656, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas|OC,GW,21.32747744731898,47.64417087924213,72.65729791431397,94.13125664039238,13.32007555497575, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Hydro,GW,4.02051,4.02051,4.02051,4.02051,4.02051, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Hydrogen,GW,0.010225281,0.010225281,4.861243319515666,5.265044139012121,83.83201719342875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Hydrogen|OC,GW,0.010225281,0.010225281,4.861243319515666,5.265044139012121,83.83201719342875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Nuclear,GW,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Oil,GW,1.24,0.08,0.08,0.08,0.08, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar,GW,105.9563299180076,147.9239967880076,210.8148787488936,311.476163555,424.6306905154138, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar|PV,GW,105.9563299180076,147.9239967880076,210.8148787488936,311.476163555,424.6306905154138, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar|PV|Open Field,GW,36.07482429293364,78.07482429293364,124.0293139101462,155.8637069433073,170.6700082179516, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar|PV|Rooftop,GW,69.88150562507398,69.84917249507399,86.78556483874738,155.6124566116927,253.9606822974622, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Converter,GW,23.488555851,26.06876390932672,16.76113395496517,18.08908204518819,47.52901721665642, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Converter|Pump Hydro,GW,6.788555851,7.084233779,7.379911704,7.675589631,7.971267556, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Converter|Stationary Batteries,GW,16.7,18.98453013032672,9.381222250965171,10.41349241418819,39.55774966065642, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Reservoir,GWh,68.06629172189908,164.8088668836965,250.3949081792456,318.582619930337,361.1810058794475, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Pump Hydro,GWh,0.717556882,0.748810323,0.7800637650000001,0.811317206,0.8425706470000001, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Stationary Batteries,GWh,16.7,18.98453013032672,9.381222250965171,10.41349241418819,39.55774966065642, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Vehicles,GWh,50.64873483989908,145.0755264303698,240.2336221632804,307.3578103101488,320.7806855717911, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Wind,GW,68.37297504688146,135.4641731086781,201.0130779830807,222.4282654936807,268.1467118310587, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Wind|Offshore,GW,10.131573845,19.21842527852737,30.50808633507383,52.65166323570553,73.23949870718673, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Wind|Onshore,GW,58.24140120188147,116.2457478301508,170.5049916480069,169.7766022579752,194.907213123872, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Gases,GW,4.937081512955607,8.113422433096893,12.63330588192605,17.53545134073958,30.70367462661745, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Gases|Biomass,GW,4.842302217955607,6.419123708337483,5.939009100644033,5.841211577690597,14.01524287904518, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Gases|Hydrogen,GW,0.094779295,1.69429872475941,6.694296781282018,11.69423976304898,16.68843174757227, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat,GW,52.35311992197973,60.93588630224144,68.75433015573178,74.01019963864746,79.64591419490174, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Biomass,GW,0.0,0.0009128706070120002,0.5950281611421261,1.214467933843677,1.267851594592731, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Gas,GW,46.97073709290838,46.52207408970556,42.22550755332215,36.39906353653154,26.55680986104962, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Geothermal,GW,0.5533288086998001,0.381490883834011,0.305753266868067,0.54154901704335,0.9737707943687601, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Heat pump,GW,4.660885052156265,13.66088505215626,25.25527204014826,35.42130577830896,48.9216153726715, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Solar thermal,GW,0.168168968215287,0.370523405938589,0.372769134251189,0.433813372919932,1.925866572219132, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Storage Reservoir,GWh,16.80496890886043,184.9206973406161,423.5045459472574,631.821714092352,1354.938178741164, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen,GW,3.556598474049678,6.864664504470765,10.25407243874946,8.207040750877809,14.57069832862567, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Biomass,GW,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Electricity,GW,0.22270115,6.505855068003259,21.04105635956555,31.27210065431455,47.62751670771303, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Gas,GW,3.442598474049678,3.442598474049678,2.284589617460988,0.002326122742882,0.002326122742882, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Liquids,GW,7.096526462644709,8.30426616546747,14.4227809884028,22.84063807371954,32.36923927063513, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Liquids|Biomass,GW,7.082604607644709,6.914775852644707,8.045504231407744,11.4674918105889,15.99852651637716, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capacity|Liquids|Hydrogen,GW,0.013921855,1.389490312822762,6.377276756995059,11.37314626313064,16.37071275425797, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Building Retrofits,billion EUR2020/yr,3.466384395233392,9.408314192001251,15.80906301776228,22.2956701035986,28.91682599281931, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Renewable Heating,billion EUR2020/yr,3.042659553232351,6.310159403364014,11.22531953212583,16.0922205056611,20.71794187547347, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Energy Supply|Heat,billion EUR2020/yr,1.034393954450205,2.375690110702715,3.80479117824923,4.976414818674764,6.230444503355292, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Energy Supply|Heat|Geothermal,billion EUR2020/yr,0.035947681078273,0.035947681078273,0.05034398849945201,0.119209191918417,0.209205875857772, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Energy Supply|Heat|Heat Pump,billion EUR2020/yr,0.224631417385616,0.7292522437538871,1.359493038161679,1.893614975761642,2.578121029037823, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Energy Supply|Heat|Renewable,billion EUR2020/yr,0.18059076130445,0.37823208675874,0.5716057363725641,0.7387964802465641,0.874748622149589, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Energy Supply|Heat|Solarthermal,billion EUR2020/yr,0.001406776277424,0.004207502836613,0.004236562222224001,0.004932514888712001,0.021642696754149, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Energy Supply|Heat|Transmission and Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,0.5918173184044391,1.228050596275201,1.81911185299331,2.219861655859427,2.54672627955596, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Residential and Commercial,billion EUR2020/yr,7.100861266870183,16.94652419164046,28.85349440288142,40.60775226511912,52.18149414784875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Carbon Intensity|Electricity,g CO2/kWh,274.7972514507981,128.4478698158728,35.65360586701351,20.5856453706293,0.4325075912661886, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Carbon Intensity|EndUse,g CO2/kWh,216.5207604131747,203.7429777083635,182.2388742348451,120.5557004487269,0.2005466984541829, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy,Mt CO2/yr,506.7435729406149,359.1888586306296,192.6346613506569,86.41370435028605,0.6313918868828571, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy incl Bunkers,Mt CO2/yr,533.3546181259037,388.1105081108669,222.6048128057811,108.2034527185306,0.7551646776087301, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy incl Bunkers|Demand,Mt CO2/yr,353.8353945279557,270.7934952749643,171.0907998235809,71.86934611849068,0.171567695053681, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand,Mt CO2/yr,327.2243493426669,241.871845794727,141.1206483684567,50.07959775024614,0.047794904327808, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers,Mt CO2/yr,26.61104518528879,28.9216494802373,29.97015145512418,21.78974836824454,0.123772790725873, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers|Aviation,Mt CO2/yr,25.73191819378379,28.00043949915429,29.10210740022752,21.21217387522946,0.120752548447833, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers|Navigation,Mt CO2/yr,0.879127699354955,0.9212108543954131,0.868043667278906,0.5775733770849371,0.003020235994481, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry,Mt CO2/yr,84.58456130098435,58.77186980515566,33.29376063104785,9.588440693762323,0.002913516295547, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Residential,Mt CO2/yr,71.64276778515702,54.5999734419737,34.47206315115257,16.14773168712313,0.001579335949232, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Residential and Commercial,Mt CO2/yr,106.8633621809042,81.44208993285476,51.41901525484936,24.08618417501471,0.002355759761463, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation,Mt CO2/yr,135.7764258607784,101.6578860567166,56.40787248255946,16.40497288146911,0.04252562827079701, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|Domestic Aviation,Mt CO2/yr,2.146649836997232,2.335898061827724,2.427803074431873,1.769596340377198,0.01007361512871, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|LDV,Mt CO2/yr,80.32104488521938,53.50308171898659,24.74831923580759,5.474492042413899,0.015018543820083, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|Other transport,Mt CO2/yr,0.249405946801814,0.261344821374811,0.246261425007728,0.163855872702745,0.000856832113653473, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|Rail,Mt CO2/yr,0.898219356410702,0.6798125756898381,0.505945388500887,0.245487892278724,0.0007973676653384001, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|Truck,Mt CO2/yr,52.16114805017112,44.87780736250128,28.47952678274218,8.751538528051109,0.015779269030641, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2/yr,179.519223597948,117.3170128359026,51.51401298220028,36.33410660003995,0.583596982555049, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Electricity,Mt CO2/yr,149.5776399096984,91.5924509774743,31.92662525656662,22.18718284840754,0.580515419375453, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Heat,Mt CO2/yr,28.93257206257919,24.75143723980782,18.97566347805456,14.1463890082726,0.003081402380514, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Hydrogen,Mt CO2/yr,1.009011625670422,0.973124618620482,0.611724247579097,0.0005347433598062724,1.607990816073313e-07, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy,Mt CO2/yr,506.7435729406149,359.1888586306296,192.6346613506569,86.41370435028605,0.6313918868828571, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry,Mt CO2/yr,84.58456130098435,58.77186980515566,33.29376063104785,9.588440693762323,0.002913516295547, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2/yr,179.519223597948,117.3170128359026,51.51401298220028,36.33410660003995,0.583596982555049, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Electricity,Mt CO2/yr,170.0584455919612,111.6886274533566,49.10786904713868,35.77016024133662,0.583571682792568, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Heat,Mt CO2/yr,8.451766380316396,4.65526076392552,1.794419687482503,0.563411615343524,2.513896339896647e-05, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Hydrogen,Mt CO2/yr,1.009011625670422,0.973124618620482,0.611724247579097,0.0005347433598062724,1.607990816073313e-07, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Energy Service|Residential|Floor Space,bn m2/yr,3.971816669578612,4.005088736277729,4.038360801439747,4.071632868138864,4.104904933300883, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy,TWh/yr,2142.474172531128,1953.748650756836,1709.622047878684,1493.601421264649,1364.27197554254, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy incl Non-Energy Use incl Bunkers,TWh/yr,2254.773453781128,2085.652333374023,1905.508262722434,1753.501218139649,1688.16049116754, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers,TWh/yr,110.1392265625,121.2787578125,132.136671875,143.013328125,153.88971875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation,TWh/yr,106.5006484375,117.415796875,128.309515625,139.222515625,150.134578125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids,TWh/yr,106.5006484375,117.415796875,128.309515625,139.222515625,150.134578125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,3.57153311202565,4.991930563634902,10.11384625629447,29.12604376431244,58.03115336773072, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.001304090318675833,0.422391261350945,1.786720941454348,25.24783616099597,91.62042173163431, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,102.9278112351557,112.0014750500141,116.4089484272512,84.84863569969161,0.4830030256350031, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Liquids,TWh/yr,110.1392265625,121.2787578125,132.136671875,143.013328125,153.88971875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,3.693553986497188,5.156164280760403,10.41551733441189,29.91910062211766,59.48261874131933, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.001348644362019167,0.4362878662913955,1.840014418440715,25.93529545942478,93.91201619322229, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,106.4443239316408,115.6863056654482,119.8811401221474,87.15893204345758,0.4950838154584494, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation,TWh/yr,3.6385810546875,3.862964599609375,3.827154541015625,3.79080517578125,3.7551328125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids,TWh/yr,3.6385810546875,3.862964599609375,3.827154541015625,3.79080517578125,3.7551328125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.1220209727195408,0.1642338728200169,0.3016709434087328,0.7930553255421883,1.451462353841982, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,4.455407921690452e-05,0.0138966181145125,0.05329345318861416,0.6874579701905208,2.291589693968429, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,3.516515527888742,3.684834108674844,3.472190144418278,2.310291880048541,0.01208076468958833, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Electricity,TWh/yr,513.2848437499999,634.1708125,783.0961875000003,904.3513750000003,933.6291875000002, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases,TWh/yr,618.8418178710939,498.7854797363283,342.1290467800511,192.2664264221192,56.96616827379333, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,29.19792153194997,33.4522337042493,27.49988202662748,23.01525630788054,34.84764032098967, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,-1.826379139788021e-05,6.983337691165839,16.82170915016385,23.06176973148997,22.10550276345108, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,589.6439146029353,458.349908340913,297.8074556032597,146.1894003827487,0.01302518935257195, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Heat,TWh/yr,113.6111875,133.134171875,152.049015625,165.71775,178.211265625, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.6838241550725047,6.43272217177088,15.59019123481344,37.25032953806181,96.82448172225486, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use,TWh/yr,639.4666593856814,604.4340739746095,564.4089074978244,521.2127885742188,495.9721136768925, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Electricity,TWh/yr,259.9897968750001,320.7489062499999,376.73709375,414.170625,391.28865625, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases,TWh/yr,214.62353125,156.4883125,95.39554324001193,36.3300712890625,5.623993926869497, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,10.12627272976703,10.49526061685055,7.667768082412736,4.348891889037325,3.440338774218353, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,-6.334154044908025e-06,2.190943352011527,4.690382467399811,4.357680922188222,2.182369238782704, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,204.4972648543871,143.8021085311379,83.03739269019941,27.62349847783697,0.001285913868440555, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Heat,TWh/yr,11.1324169921875,13.16312109375,15.460453125,17.458873046875,19.92216796875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.05395868523956056,1.890999390993478,8.12711621325513,26.25812377521418,73.56148813870635, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids,TWh/yr,50.79655078125,34.48743359375,18.951376953125,4.3972431640625,0.06601877593994139, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,1.703478483498569,1.466232639899798,1.493819939350182,0.9199251734811341,0.02551807691184111, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.000621998936793611,0.1240649977611542,0.2638995393802753,0.797434771724335,0.04028830779267695, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,49.09245029881463,32.89713595608905,17.19365747439454,2.679883218857031,0.000212391235423209, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids,TWh/yr,102.87223046875,79.02224609375003,51.214123046875,23.16330615234375,5.597323630332947, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,36.48730078125,32.44401171875,24.28551171875,15.546384765625,5.589609375, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,66.38492968749999,46.578234375,26.928611328125,7.61692138671875,0.007714255332946666, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases,TWh/yr,214.62353125,156.4883125,95.39554324001193,36.3300712890625,5.623993926869497, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,10.12627272976703,10.49526061685055,7.667768082412736,4.348891889037325,3.440338774218353, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,-6.334154044908025e-06,2.190943352011527,4.690382467399811,4.357680922188222,2.182369238782704, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,204.4972648543871,143.8021085311379,83.03739269019941,27.62349847783697,0.001285913868440555, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,2.212187705993653,11.14897924804688,70.3998603515625,142.579138671875,243.47275, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids,TWh/yr,50.79655078125,34.48743359375,18.951376953125,4.3972431640625,0.06601877593994139, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,1.703478483498569,1.466232639899798,1.493819939350182,0.9199251734811341,0.02551807691184111, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.000621998936793611,0.1240649977611542,0.2638995393802753,0.797434771724335,0.04028830779267695, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,49.09245029881463,32.89713595608905,17.19365747439454,2.679883218857031,0.000212391235423209, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids,TWh/yr,102.87223046875,79.02224609375003,51.214123046875,23.16330615234375,5.597323630332947, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,36.48730078125,32.44401171875,24.28551171875,15.546384765625,5.589609375, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,66.38492968749999,46.578234375,26.928611328125,7.61692138671875,0.007714255332946666, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids,TWh/yr,733.0448125000003,535.8501875,303.0779375,112.959640625,52.91990234375, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,24.58289089177532,22.78166140931149,23.88976100968604,23.63171949361015,20.45500115608686, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.008976064063102222,1.927665975253939,4.220386112333922,20.48509529153241,32.29465078121075, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,708.4529455441616,511.1408601154347,274.9677903779802,68.84282583985747,0.170250406452395, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use,TWh/yr,2.160054687500001,10.6249248046875,63.74954296875,116.88646875,169.998796875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,2.160054687500001,10.6249248046875,63.74954296875,116.88646875,169.998796875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential,TWh/yr,613.1507581887784,566.8658007141509,503.1219759103986,440.913437409113,383.1797493571747, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial,TWh/yr,908.9411271629556,846.6671413515966,760.9031640687683,677.2048340854672,599.5271809828431, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Electricity,TWh/yr,222.69665625,238.902625,272.2989375,306.4355,343.415, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases,TWh/yr,399.4101875,339.20821875,245.364078125,155.600875,51.0066953125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,18.84479519145171,22.74980541539741,19.72204133356602,18.62620576300203,31.20208056945992, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,-1.178773660090264e-05,4.749146948708927,12.0639951414891,18.66384899353142,19.79295217410091, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,380.565404096285,311.7092663858939,213.5780416499449,118.3108202434666,0.01166256893918389, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Heat,TWh/yr,102.4787734375,119.971046875,136.5885625,148.258875,158.28909375, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0985615544050625,3.358811908354328,6.198872108678497,7.216970617184114,6.599942874741755, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids,TWh/yr,124.1196171875,77.47950000000003,36.48912109375,1.229319213867188,5.37522602826357e-07, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,4.162390831800933,3.294039596025613,2.876211939323961,0.2571797030291295,2.07767304459784e-07, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.001519832916575834,0.2787245379655439,0.5081141213564355,0.2229355644232428,3.280260162334711e-07, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,119.9557065227825,73.90673586600883,33.10479503306961,0.7492039464148152,1.729282133101757e-09, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Solar,TWh/yr,4.299474121093749,3.658634765625,5.401484375,11.1185361328125,14.9951162109375, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Solids,TWh/yr,55.841265625,67.05135937500002,62.36051562500001,49.7666015625,26.01519140625, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,55.841265625,67.05135937500002,62.36051562500001,49.7666015625,26.01519140625, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Electricity|Heat Pumps,TWh/yr,6.202291015625,21.69604296875,53.61577734375,83.99225,111.2591953125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Electricity|Resistive,TWh/yr,0.1236001205444336,0.8358193359375002,2.312404052734375,6.072470214843749,15.7850341796875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space and Water Heating,TWh/yr,692.570372520447,630.2964049072266,544.5323747558595,460.8340858154297,383.1563774906477, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Solids,TWh/yr,158.7134921875,146.073609375,113.574642578125,72.92990576171874,31.61251503658294, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,92.32856250000002,99.495375,86.64603125000002,65.312984375,31.60480078125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,66.38492968749999,46.578234375,26.928611328125,7.61692138671875,0.007714255332946666, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation,TWh/yr,594.066375,502.64740625,384.31,295.18378125,268.7727187500001, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation,TWh/yr,8.884669921875002,9.795250976562503,10.7040439453125,11.6144462890625,12.5247705078125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Liquids,TWh/yr,8.884669921875002,9.795250976562503,10.7040439453125,11.6144462890625,12.5247705078125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.2979502311107222,0.4164449250421781,0.8437336409242672,2.429800017582397,4.841169085174712, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0001087919388260721,0.03523740863969083,0.1490547242905428,2.106265898806106,7.643307560116519, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,8.586610898825452,9.343568642880633,9.711255580097694,7.078380372673999,0.04029386252126888, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation,TWh/yr,1.032254760742187,1.095911743164063,1.08575244140625,1.075440307617187,1.065320190429688, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Liquids,TWh/yr,1.032254760742187,1.095911743164063,1.08575244140625,1.075440307617187,1.065320190429688, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.03461699165334556,0.04659266871536166,0.08558315578770362,0.2249874693396153,0.4117756224358478, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,1.263986144348355e-05,0.003942429859051944,0.01511919528996917,0.1950298094080272,0.6501172904028031, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,0.9976251292273983,1.045376644589649,0.9850500903285773,0.6554230288695447,0.003427277591036667, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Electricity,TWh/yr,30.59837890625,74.51928124999999,134.06015625,183.74521875,198.925546875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases,TWh/yr,4.80809912109375,3.088948486328125,1.369425415039063,0.3354801330566408,0.335479034423828, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.2268536107312253,0.2071676720013175,0.1100726106487239,0.04015865584118528,0.2052209773114164, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,-1.419007520695367e-07,0.04324739044538333,0.06733154127494749,0.04023981577030945,0.1301813505674639, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,4.581245652263278,2.838533423881425,1.192021263115391,0.2550816614451458,7.670654494763775e-05, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.5313037778786445,1.182910451276748,1.264202967682435,3.775228121158772,16.66303994429461, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV,TWh/yr,349.62859375,270.361,183.738625,128.571109375,115.4943125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Electricity,TWh/yr,16.506869140625,45.53125390625,74.42439843749999,92.64125781250003,96.595125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Gases,TWh/yr,3.34980419921875,2.118441894531251,0.8864776611328128,0.2378934326171875,0.2378277435302734, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.003335215091705278,0.002823354482650556,0.001054324388503889,0.0008674173951147222,0.002097995042800834, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Liquids,TWh/yr,329.76859375,222.70846875,108.4266875,35.69108984375,18.659263671875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,11.05889465617142,9.468446678576049,8.546605776762991,7.466753779863467,7.212319809297791, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.004037985090439722,0.8011708265200156,1.509850865114092,6.472536318835013,11.38691451476013, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,318.7056611087381,212.4388512449039,98.37023085812294,21.75179974505152,0.06002934781708472, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids,TWh/yr,558.1286249999999,423.88325,247.6374375,107.333078125,52.8538828125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,18.71702092148914,18.02138900731192,19.51972897705912,22.45461459156216,20.42948278722686, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.006834231970574444,1.524876425474908,3.448372424399778,19.46472493324752,32.25436201248611, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,539.4047698465406,404.3369845672133,224.6693360985411,65.41373860019033,0.1700380127870383, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail,TWh/yr,15.44447265625,14.5775703125,13.95755859375,13.338091796875,12.7182607421875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Electricity,TWh/yr,11.7268740234375,11.7268740234375,11.7268740234375,11.7268740234375,11.7268740234375, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Liquids,TWh/yr,3.7175986328125,2.85069580078125,2.23068408203125,1.61121826171875,0.9913865966796878, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.1246708523291578,0.1211972824295119,0.1758310421649792,0.3370748861562219,0.3831982502440694, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,4.55216419514968e-05,0.01025508515095028,0.03106246597315917,0.2921924985255397,0.6049989231078916, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,3.592882258841392,2.719243433200787,2.023790573893113,0.9819508770369887,0.003189423327726667, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck,TWh/yr,219.076625,206.818,174.8239375,140.58403125,126.97053125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Electricity,TWh/yr,2.364635742187501,17.26115625,47.9088828125,79.3770859375,90.60354687499999, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Gases,TWh/yr,1.458484985351562,0.9708227539062502,0.4828585205078125,0.097576820373535,0.09759342956542945, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.5279732666015624,1.153101684570313,1.241938110351563,3.76848291015625,16.6562421875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Liquids,TWh/yr,214.72553125,187.432921875,125.190265625,57.34087890625,19.61314453125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,7.200888972114842,7.9687074162201,9.86797505351363,11.99599749372491,7.581021058112341, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.002629293723408889,0.6742706722312517,1.743285119337149,10.39869958859257,11.96902536296798, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,207.5220129841618,178.7899437865486,113.5790054521492,34.94618182393253,0.06309811016968445, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Buildings|Energiewende,billion EUR2020/yr,26.33216406465353,41.66985436545633,42.86910794966113,42.75098132199357,38.96239322682766,38.5496948462382 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial,billion EUR2020/yr,23.39047505633543,39.03189530855052,41.05383654596221,41.92217352981839,39.52942926235961,39.20456216743253 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Building Retrofits|High-Efficiency,billion EUR2020/yr,0.003072300759662801,0.00232249164050851,0.0,0.00756078268946405,0.03369508287685541,0.03677738935729601 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Building Retrofits|Medium-Efficiency,billion EUR2020/yr,18.36303286807039,27.42661808544706,27.6107218563208,28.09488894939608,28.53920227157921,28.57318608642637 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Biomass Boiler,billion EUR2020/yr,0.7079191169798791,0.4467414005429026,0.1505187518330356,0.01670580186201496,0.0254207293248664,0.034512815585102 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|CHP,billion EUR2020/yr,0.001330390198803,0.0007618224794544599,0.0003254689360113424,0.0006756990660963181,0.001244747326583252,0.001357470962848 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Gas Boiler,billion EUR2020/yr,2.642305817861863,0.9906676826024972,0.145908610968109,9.978508017656676e-06,0.0920223898777648,0.110018894651648 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Heat Pump,billion EUR2020/yr,1.610498236631765,10.06602631354483,12.27469358135318,11.80948351074317,8.478580984452538,8.044480914365565 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Hydrogen Boiler,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.037428972538903,0.09049189977936821,0.1196372701523966,0.09676717700805401,0.09262759438222501 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Hydrogen Fuel Cell,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Oil Boiler,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0185476678383552,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Solar Thermal,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0290253030573126,0.0539097037066802,0.6241526847228154,1.005976657838237,0.9003540534011281,0.8870431073253561 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity,billion EUR2020/yr,15.71312167888176,40.67810321839886,39.63406381826911,37.49256751268592,56.34365140095986,63.96935889903448 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Biomass,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0025061101836786,0.0008148784475896708,0.0003633929904243098,5.111709609839478e-05,0.0,0.0 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Electricity Storage,billion EUR2020/yr,0.6165567835186169,0.0728172636015314,0.0,0.2138420160058218,0.9406620943507209,1.020817414192562 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Gas,billion EUR2020/yr,2.814007951891745,3.440404209521595,7.043971672006113,2.077149214485669,1.270340824714082,1.120663812401643 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Hydrogen,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.4292039177545302,0.1962251102798728,2.671989801123025,16.09301613059246,22.85066738885024 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Solar,billion EUR2020/yr,4.903734152668767,5.16118992105186,9.200421069399638,13.49288554577161,13.99622356427052,14.3169003302014 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Transmission and Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,0.618024044571215,3.447365160481217,2.955058436269273,3.079625628659095,4.171228073662652,4.248059548890712 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Wind,billion EUR2020/yr,7.374849419566358,28.19912513114206,20.23802413732379,16.17086620555042,20.81284280772014,21.43306781869047 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Wind Offshore,billion EUR2020/yr,2.244987460504202,6.669101864889027,8.664901683043796,12.18412145734165,9.386225440282983,8.583091098505975 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Wind Onshore,billion EUR2020/yr,5.129861959062157,21.53002326625304,11.57312245427999,3.986744748208773,11.42661736743716,12.8499767201845 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Energiewende,billion EUR2020/yr,16.49048759947251,41.68974663005918,39.89476939024353,37.90170544898253,58.55617832104893,66.45724133350508 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat|Geothermal,billion EUR2020/yr,0.004283756835903636,0.0015020650371376,0.1218967941215924,0.3248173885248372,0.3108487386537218,0.300896187906363 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat|Heatpump,billion EUR2020/yr,1.087062048845886,1.850033072225651,1.834770847525299,1.780737428055888,2.286913087169174,2.326060707968862 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat|Solarthermal,billion EUR2020/yr,0.005439631006366051,0.005613400128300011,0.0,0.01627636136183257,0.07865746368756381,0.086840833642552 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat|Transmission and Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,2.976310421292656,2.646139715432951,1.972620564683829,1.696718370804196,0.7963505383072408,0.771048044144639 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen|Electrolysis,billion EUR2020/yr,0.08035482576570921,0.469401283183011,0.130055793264691,0.0976332368668641,0.6359324128691789,0.7335325101390241 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen|Transmission and Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,0.08045431130641802,0.4694248648757746,0.1306497787097297,0.09766268342393075,0.6359324128691789,0.7335325101390241 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Energy,billion EUR2020/yr,116.4703791755229,126.4875385445735,127.1321198626312,119.4579368079928,102.4338554992762, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Energy|Biomass,billion EUR2020/yr,4.973900803762268,7.694173357340074,7.415208025616375,6.50750961729132,7.375114485391562, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Energy|Electricity|Heating,billion EUR2020/yr,1.069061111358875,4.114789166775521,10.44254067191062,16.86129018252939,22.4705299788234, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Energy|Electricity|Non-Heating,billion EUR2020/yr,56.69172674781041,57.89571548022342,56.1101672377583,54.00990543269199,51.02648943549243, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Energy|Fossil,billion EUR2020/yr,43.90372374510817,42.3651065651477,32.56443787619298,18.94199217949966,0.002031095964085, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Energy|Heat,billion EUR2020/yr,9.823376478941311,14.32426541915779,20.07054890299422,22.13905496077755,20.37195441029032, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Energy|Hydrogen,billion EUR2020/yr,0.008590288541834001,0.09348855592895501,0.529217148158675,0.998184435202873,1.187736093314371, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Energy|Other Non-Fossil,billion EUR2020/yr,-1.064058181839871e-06,1.121796000754535,2.659708225703252,3.885172479141819,4.049021330808182, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Non-Energy,billion EUR2020/yr,2.104892190226217,2.10404575915814,2.171878546783401,2.153295977602894,2.014674280041357, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy,TWh/yr,2579.516570704469,2294.387428910359,1959.598347838632,1725.942239552661,1546.493502383713, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass,TWh/yr,209.4264999367339,202.0991199976633,236.0128943705607,274.2344833771785,289.0638924381814, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Electricity,TWh/yr,9.987965333254428,21.19973775237932,25.00202744849472,30.8196672226157,99.82145141148578, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Gases,TWh/yr,35.87677808913989,40.82495505103766,33.2361445880425,26.84531755737709,39.76902118002375, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Heat,TWh/yr,2.355146408177891,1.912688682733687,0.9330720049609913,0.4991433689916583,0.3798637821749664, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Liquids,TWh/yr,29.52958070319964,28.85390635515067,40.96062957381044,77.3310381295867,128.6239809890276, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal,TWh/yr,417.8886295191278,212.0907530854275,29.74437509350747,10.40557983903792,1.631583080641683, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Electricity,TWh/yr,351.491296875,165.51776953125,2.816936767578125,2.788711669921875,1.623865844726563, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Hard Coal,TWh/yr,219.463175394358,149.0852736672416,29.74437509350747,10.40557983903792,1.631583080641683, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Lignite,TWh/yr,198.4254541247696,63.00547941818592,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Solids,TWh/yr,66.38492968749999,46.578234375,26.928611328125,7.61692138671875,0.007714255332946666, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Fossil,TWh/yr,2099.713310498571,1609.894439314306,988.2057374036175,491.5255402636172,2.343175619358874, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas,TWh/yr,856.649025316427,770.3757401723217,563.3357346141122,325.0143782022272,0.0458583883911175, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Electricity,TWh/yr,220.1692428357977,284.1595970970886,253.6084337195798,176.036487207876,0.03270922724405, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Gases,TWh/yr,589.6439146029353,458.3499083409133,297.8074556032597,146.1894003827487,0.01302518935257195, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Heat,TWh/yr,41.84028379434258,23.04581334785122,8.883247460437433,2.789155049157586,0.0001244545187931236, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,4.995089886554694,4.817441914041264,3.028331614227233,0.002647233570251667,7.960619539562783e-07, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Geothermal,TWh/yr,0.9835875854492189,0.6835872802734375,0.5527894897460939,0.9891115722656253,1.799701171875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Geothermal|Heat,TWh/yr,0.9835875854492189,0.6835872802734375,0.5527894897460939,0.9891115722656253,1.799701171875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Hydro,TWh/yr,14.53466796875,14.53466796875,14.53466796875,14.53466796875,14.53466796875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Non-Biomass Renewables,TWh/yr,270.3767602691652,482.3938695983889,735.3797160644533,960.1822159118655,1255.086434326172, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Nuclear,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Oil,TWh/yr,825.1756556630153,627.4279460565572,395.1256276959978,156.105582222352,0.6657341503260739, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Oil|Electricity,TWh/yr,10.668931640625,0.6131179199218753,0.3055503540039061,0.1697864074707031,0.1188912811279297, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Oil|Liquids,TWh/yr,825.1756556630153,627.4279460565572,395.1256276959978,156.105582222352,0.6657341503260739, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Solar,TWh/yr,99.62589533996582,144.6378018493652,213.433821105957,323.7179988708497,445.305565185547, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Solar|Heat,TWh/yr,0.1243977813720703,0.2723262634277345,0.2751248168945311,0.3163807067871094,1.381131591796875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Wind,TWh/yr,155.232609375,322.5378125,506.8584375,620.9404374999999,793.4465000000002, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating,million,1.166139847009307,1.184748237334738,1.095534606356472,1.102586053606986,1.042185449166986, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Biomass Boiler,million,0.197428582933729,0.10991119944852,0.044629527787538,0.004154846807892,0.014126962591953, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Biomass Boiler|HT,million,0.071598539115517,0.07306617108364001,0.032745521850119,0.004154846807892,0.004946419888451001, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Biomass Boiler|LT,million,0.125830043818211,0.036845028364879,0.011884005937418,0.0,0.009180542703502001, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|CHP,million,0.0002435445589843852,0.0001428248922173553,4.942360759811331e-05,0.0001420269113329851,0.0003448916214561237, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|CHP|HT,million,0.0001226799477858897,7.195961033990526e-06,4.713505340394638e-05,0.0001420269113329851,0.0001531107573465711, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|CHP|LT,million,0.0001208646111984955,0.0001356289311833647,2.288554194166943e-06,0.0,0.0001917808641095526, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|District Heating,million,0.262411206138674,0.314704214829665,0.294217956560647,0.296492571856092,0.271199423245849, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Gas Boiler,million,0.6643435830317801,0.231675778424085,0.05821074022151101,0.0,0.034782488153738, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Gas Boiler|HT,million,0.6082088205284031,0.207006879582037,0.05477673031782301,0.0,0.03296695619453401, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Gas Boiler|LT,million,0.056134762503377,0.024668898842048,0.003434009903687,0.0,0.001815531959203, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump,million,0.041712930346138,0.5164439016391901,0.677333770391335,0.7720285947809991,0.6951468412750941, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical,million,0.041494089782863,0.5161629933247981,0.6772709716489711,0.7719685550305431,0.6949259077163761, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Air,million,0.04144580270287501,0.515986294085381,0.677229300634967,0.7719349527922831,0.694669016595827, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Air|HT,million,0.04144580270287501,0.515986294085381,0.651781856141026,0.6793018252644121,0.5609374674670651, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Air|LT,million,0.0,0.0,0.025447444493941,0.092633127527871,0.133731549128761, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Ground,million,4.82870799879186e-05,0.0001766992394165968,4.167101400315949e-05,3.360223825976558e-05,0.0002568911205491316, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Ground|HT,million,2.346212397264306e-05,0.0001196936841850399,0.0,0.0,0.0002161457802652009, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Ground|LT,million,2.482495601527554e-05,5.700555523155692e-05,4.167101400315949e-05,3.360223825976558e-05,4.074534028393085e-05, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Gas,million,4.183110705864203e-05,0.0001340084505954894,2.179232379599183e-05,0.0,0.000137251085712467, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Gas|HT,million,4.651070870402649e-06,2.274342535515418e-05,0.0,0.0,4.394969080512179e-05, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Gas|LT,million,3.718003618823938e-05,0.0001112650252403352,2.179232379599183e-05,0.0,9.330139490734523e-05, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Hybrid,million,0.0001770094562159447,0.0001468998637973043,4.100641856805301e-05,6.003975045668474e-05,8.368247300531543e-05, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Hybrid|HT,million,0.0001716739336003861,0.0001094961971327889,5.061961061645589e-06,3.31876745594227e-05,6.537999489471773e-05, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Hybrid|LT,million,5.335522615558579e-06,3.740366666451535e-05,3.594445750640743e-05,2.685207589726204e-05,1.830247811059772e-05, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Hydrogen Boiler,million,0.0,0.011870318101058,0.02109318778784,0.029768013250667,0.026584842278894, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Hydrogen Boiler|HT,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Hydrogen Boiler|LT,million,0.0,0.011870318101058,0.02109318778784,0.029768013250667,0.026584842278894, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Hydrogen Fuel Cell,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Hydrogen Fuel Cell|HT,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Hydrogen Fuel Cell|LT,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Oil Boiler,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Oil Boiler|HT,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Oil Boiler|LT,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV,million,3.369160450000026,3.369160459999986,3.427044489000003,3.337425980000029,3.337425979999989, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|BEV,million,2.69532836,3.032244414000001,3.426968590014101,3.337129231351185,3.336422844757838, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|FCEV,million,3.081661837421624e-06,0.0,1.974591432172205e-05,5.731825883561191e-05,7.37762486713969e-05, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|ICE,million,0.673821052182213,0.336916045999985,0.0,0.0,0.0006079004516281, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|PHEV,million,7.956155974000586e-06,0.0,5.615307158071511e-05,0.0002394303900081,0.0003214585418515, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck,million,0.408629022,0.408629021999999,0.4285677919999991,0.4472409470000001,0.4472409469999991, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|BEV,million,0.004086290219999999,0.308270166014447,0.425163998620067,0.398923811110486,0.263278203706846, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|FCEV,million,0.012392107923512,0.0,0.003403793379932,0.048317135889513,0.161705257799115, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|ICE,million,0.392150623856487,0.100358855985551,0.0,0.0,0.022257485494036, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy,TWh/yr,2347.168118998449,2200.044495648185,1995.23530690193,1802.963246696183,1857.64366823143, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Efuel|Electricity,TWh/yr,-0.001589614869471667,1.463657145316462,9.21186854244885,23.64236674118431,53.27757421247075, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Electricity|Heat,TWh/yr,6.27545263671875,19.88310748291016,37.42897901153567,48.79689545440675,80.87460885620119, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Electricity|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.02083343029022195,14.87397534179688,44.34675390624999,84.975427734375,155.57215234375, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Hydrogen|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.001584118766573611,2.428085696804909,10.08987291767601,8.528802838352073,64.461240165177, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Hydrogen|Gases,TWh/yr,-0.009592821786403612,1.907791410614243,9.14387424373404,19.8872579358953,40.08521215199636, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Hydrogen|Liquids,TWh/yr,0.01380836293458917,1.544525849329233,7.991731410541622,17.08213917761662,34.72528004696616, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity,TWh/yr,544.3199999999999,713.0710000000003,895.4669375000001,1077.79875,1342.208625, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Biomass,TWh/yr,15.38180871599425,12.19413777872297,20.26260026180138,19.61073536488852,51.202311554575, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Coal,TWh/yr,127.47865234375,61.60932421875003,1.08003271484375,1.05060595703125,0.6101592407226564, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Coal|Hard Coal,TWh/yr,60.00888671875,40.18701171875,1.08003271484375,1.05060595703125,0.6101592407226564, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Coal|Lignite,TWh/yr,67.46976562500002,21.4223125,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Curtailment,TWh/yr,0.004506107807159167,0.5924747924804689,4.5488720703125,7.911012207031253,30.423583984375, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Fossil,TWh/yr,262.3388831539066,219.0382847503584,135.4468704523237,94.44883774879033,0.6781058191090159, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas,TWh/yr,129.3934002683808,159.6444718404177,142.2483596991362,108.5220732288615,31.18719264922142, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas|Autoproduction,TWh/yr,40.35859765625,28.1333203125,16.107470703125,4.521214843749999,0.01885942840576167, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas|CC,TWh/yr,86.53987636857492,115.7889792026782,102.6237327557918,89.28232974839722,29.68008716866927, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas|OC,TWh/yr,2.494926243555856,15.72217232523942,23.51715624021925,14.71852863671432,1.488246052146376, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Hydro,TWh/yr,14.53466796875,14.53466796875,14.53466796875,14.53466796875,14.53466796875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,2.240858154296875,1.915652587890625,23.842328125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Hydrogen|OC,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,2.240858154296875,1.915652587890625,23.842328125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Non-Biomass Renewables,TWh/yr,264.5022187500001,477.381875,728.5635,946.55025,1235.2815, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Nuclear,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Oil,TWh/yr,4.469687988281249,0.256823028564453,0.1277026596069336,0.07080862426757806,0.0495796699523925, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Other,TWh/yr,3.094218017578125,1.98441630935669,0.9438819436458872,0.07863109649159,0.03562419495065111, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Solar,TWh/yr,94.7349375,140.309375,207.17040625,311.0751875,427.30028125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Solar|PV,TWh/yr,94.7349375,140.309375,207.17040625,311.0751875,427.30028125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Transmission Losses,TWh/yr,20.9852828125,28.277803125,39.751625,51.449378125,65.72749375000004, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Wind,TWh/yr,155.232609375,322.5378125,506.8584375,620.9404374999999,793.4465000000002, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Wind|Offshore,TWh/yr,41.3824765625,78.97923437500002,126.128296875,218.961953125,306.335875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Wind|Onshore,TWh/yr,113.8501328125,243.5585625,380.73015625,401.97846875,487.11059375, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases,TWh/yr,663.9333379491867,531.7228733991894,359.4247487425822,195.0649983841076,67.7924699161133, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,29.19792153194997,33.45223370424927,27.49988202662748,23.01525630788054,34.84764032098969, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,-0.007674341201782222,1.423528442382813,6.8013408203125,14.78625390625,29.79858984375, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,589.6439146029353,458.349908340913,297.8074556032597,146.1894003827487,0.01302518935257195, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases|Other,TWh/yr,0.007647807121276666,7.32298876953125,10.0187822265625,6.65305419921875,3.121682373046875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat,TWh/yr,123.3541809672713,140.1652033538819,161.3845081586838,181.3349437866211,211.6318841812611, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.0,0.007302474975585832,4.759849894523622,9.716828094482421,10.1434219315052, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Coal,TWh/yr,19.07349052753123,7.490019682485375,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Electricity,TWh/yr,22.15700025939941,58.787578125,96.60800878906252,122.26410546875,163.31730078125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Electricity|Heat Pumps,TWh/yr,22.002400390625,53.79285546875,81.7870390625,101.5468125,114.0474609375, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Electricity|Resistive,TWh/yr,0.1545998687744139,4.99472265625,14.8209697265625,20.71729296875,49.26983984375, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Gas,TWh/yr,17.6019203125,48.413569921875,42.94707945154364,37.72869034040803,33.02423850168008, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Geothermal,TWh/yr,0.9815757446289064,0.7043792114257813,0.4404357604980469,0.1939604644775389,0.02086534881591778, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Solar,TWh/yr,0.1243977813720703,0.2723262634277345,0.2751248168945311,0.3163807067871094,1.381131591796875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,3.027898602554203,12.44014001384973,29.86487640622881,53.1921222054461,97.43112354089669, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.01233439356982695,9.424575804865352,27.86334979490066,53.19008461351191,97.4290859489625, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Fossil,TWh/yr,2.873285278359189,2.771098267565421,1.742236016063981,0.001549279032377778,4.658909238677291e-07, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Gas,TWh/yr,3.015564208984375,3.015564208984375,2.001526611328126,0.002037591934203889,0.002037591934203889, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids,TWh/yr,853.8192092919365,656.5716695062645,435.5195935163106,222.6425265582895,106.9670505565761, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,28.27644432153383,27.93782567969225,34.30527805543647,53.55081855792705,79.93761679347872, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Fossil,TWh/yr,825.1756556630153,627.4279460565572,395.1256276959978,156.105582222352,0.6657341503260739, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0104549350738525,1.179120849609375,6.064647460937502,12.950484375,26.31564648437501, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Oil,TWh/yr,814.8972534311822,626.8271655480003,394.8489271776747,156.0017533452023,0.6653341960763356, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Solids,TWh/yr,158.7134921875,146.073609375,113.574642578125,72.92990576171874,31.61251503658294, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,92.32856250000002,99.495375,86.64603125000002,65.312984375,31.60480078125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,66.38492968749999,46.578234375,26.928611328125,7.61692138671875,0.007714255332946666, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Residential and Commercial|Building Retrofits|High-Efficiency,million,5.489067947993995e-05,3.530656050314934e-05,0.0,9.625864798459145e-05,0.0006075598083380001, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Residential and Commercial|High-Efficiency Buildings,million,0.004768765945504,0.005105106335099001,0.005106114979817,0.005204264230587,0.007153909912537001, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Residential and Commercial|Low-Efficiency Buildings,million,15.41020048993799,13.18299832914802,10.94506130577995,8.65697957570924,6.291615300339231, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Residential and Commercial|Medium-Efficiency Buildings,million,10.42472981411651,12.86805582451688,15.32245201924023,17.82689579006017,20.40677059974823, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating,million,23.6025667619222,23.79781555199223,23.99306433304218,24.1883131231122,24.38356190416215, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Biomass Boiler,million,1.783087553214112,2.316835509495008,2.355898716418432,2.113260903170246,1.365125734047516, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Biomass Boiler|HT,million,0.868895242108713,1.087054835654567,1.179714639051195,1.08685561997357,0.731478549788471, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Biomass Boiler|LT,million,0.9141923111053981,1.229780673840441,1.176184077367238,1.026405283196675,0.6336471842590441, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|CHP,million,0.171667452989526,0.115531106220012,0.05977984250464501,0.005272280551684,0.003193940980038, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|CHP|HT,million,0.171369949718234,0.114479534080527,0.05843376508678701,0.003926203133826,0.001713292789248, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|CHP|LT,million,0.0002975032712928748,0.001051572139484,0.001346077417857,0.001346077417857,0.00148064819079, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|District Heating,million,3.698642955275169,4.610723462517806,5.602819712861758,6.514335796393887,7.485615060749248, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Gas Boiler,million,13.21795609506892,12.02385835902349,9.389741700580124,6.617853814202984,2.563061652598072, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Gas Boiler|HT,million,11.27383266455848,10.51142082185984,8.430593580528093,6.047385405847031,2.314045864975248, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Gas Boiler|LT,million,1.944123430510435,1.512437537163656,0.9591481200520341,0.570468408355952,0.249015787622824, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump,million,0.724383334414966,2.053959513812142,5.137919473762147,8.64802926231164,12.57094743233869, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical,million,0.7192400025937491,2.047377826669504,5.13060987255019,8.640473525291435,12.56784650400354, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Air,million,0.384976892137512,1.798054855660277,4.986964598621372,8.63424390737336,12.5658909582227, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Air|HT,million,0.11842165682388,1.617145923940696,4.847116876897147,8.245720882340969,11.54130571276677, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Air|LT,million,0.266555235313632,0.180908931719581,0.139847721724224,0.3885230250323901,1.024585245455928, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Ground,million,0.334263110456236,0.249322971009226,0.143645273928818,0.006229617918074,0.001955545780843, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Ground|HT,million,0.07696369066599301,0.07744114517139,0.055746477169252,0.0007070849173360424,0.001092614139934, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Ground|LT,million,0.257299419790242,0.171881825837836,0.08789879675956601,0.005522533000738,0.0008629316409085089, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Gas,million,0.0001883513947319156,0.0007360484118935234,0.001098329357677,0.001103864206193,0.001185714630146, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Gas|HT,million,6.307536882581922e-06,9.674437768783907e-05,0.0001390687577835578,0.0001390687577835578,0.0002244655854333296, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Gas|LT,million,0.0001820438578493336,0.0006393040342056842,0.0009592605998940144,0.0009647954484097371,0.0009612490447132231, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Hybrid,million,0.004954980426485,0.005845638730744,0.006211271854279001,0.006451872814014,0.001915213704996, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Hybrid|HT,million,0.0004442006106891057,0.001212658463324,0.001376936497958,0.001460374866231,0.001319582861721, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Hybrid|LT,million,0.004510779815796001,0.00463298026742,0.004834335356321,0.004991497947782001,0.0005956308432750687, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Hydrogen Boiler,million,1.653380384625759e-06,0.011871971481442,0.10326432062675,0.239347594126461,0.395618042858242, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Hydrogen Boiler|HT,million,1.217710594241558e-06,1.217710594241558e-06,1.217710594241558e-06,1.217710594241558e-06,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Hydrogen Boiler|LT,million,4.356697903842017e-07,0.011870753770848,0.103263102916156,0.239346376415867,0.395618042858242, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Hydrogen Fuel Cell,million,0.001650115116217,0.001650115116217,4.131195941944852e-07,4.131195941944852e-07,1.53341334089097e-08, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Hydrogen Fuel Cell|HT,million,0.001649717330756,0.001649717330756,1.53341334089097e-08,1.53341334089097e-08,1.53341334089097e-08, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Hydrogen Fuel Cell|LT,million,3.977854607855754e-07,3.977854607855754e-07,3.977854607855754e-07,3.977854607855754e-07,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Oil Boiler,million,4.005177602462904,2.663385514326109,1.343640153168723,0.05021305923570701,2.525621895885851e-08, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Oil Boiler|HT,million,4.001741062608557,2.659948974471762,1.340203613314376,0.04677651938136,2.525621895866292e-08, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Oil Boiler|LT,million,0.003436539854346,0.003436539854346,0.003436539854346,0.003436539854346,1.955917735904165e-19, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV,million,48.97666293400003,49.77723724399998,49.61856485399998,49.45989247399998,49.30122008399999, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|BEV,million,6.547210012152647,20.80410285093295,35.70816387514034,44.87536178512926,46.89070799039761, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|FCEV,million,0.001521741613529,0.001286741613529,0.0004517534708907628,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|ICE,million,38.92365142524888,25.76503248646854,12.7909984701196,4.584530688870715,2.410512093602382, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|PHEV,million,3.504279754984962,3.206815164984962,1.118950755269148,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck,million,5.997480578,6.190540202999999,6.383599827,6.576659451999999,6.769719077, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|BEV,million,0.138762381037974,1.055525046580963,2.939326155060308,4.875367537857466,5.565352275134074, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|FCEV,million,0.021431047163353,0.046793160056824,0.05039274391176601,0.15297389091328,0.6759519845767931, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|ICE,million,5.837287149798673,5.088221996362211,3.393880928027925,1.548318023229253,0.5284148172891311, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Electricity|Volume,TWh/yr,4.751525390625,17.80424609375,-3.42401171875,-0.6509999999999999,82.68285156250003, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Gases|Hydrogen|Volume,TWh/yr,0.0,-2.990790562791005,-15.0,-29.83258116898553,-44.90759683503247, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Volume,TWh/yr,0.0,-20.0,-98.57824647560739,-183.9718566790229,-326.2302938784953, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_H2,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Liquids|Hydrogen|Volume,TWh/yr,0.0,-1.18709871511794,0.0,-33.50080068415569,-99.96688256155869, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity,GW/yr,28.92289845285714,49.49598673181362,56.53740182601676,39.76869034795695,46.1672423398923, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Biomass,GW/yr,0.001540006019483,0.002365204392785,0.0,0.003073628212768,0.009391803001407, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Coal,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Coal|Hard Coal,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Coal|Lignite,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas,GW/yr,8.538894500264185,14.37072524915915,21.0889489625702,3.832347817722178,3.075247252647077, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas|CC,GW/yr,1.021691710099013,1.60228535150563,3.15347299991199,3.832347817722178,3.075247252647077, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas|OC,GW/yr,7.517202790165172,12.76843989765352,17.93547596265821,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Hydro,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Hydrogen,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,2.567788857968574,11.40921405400306, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Hydrogen|OC,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,2.567788857968574,11.40921405400306, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Oil,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Solar,GW/yr,6.096124694846373,15.90584948189135,25.08092839331468,26.31545863681831,17.90969573867772, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Solar|PV,GW/yr,6.096124694846373,15.90584948189135,25.08092839331468,26.31545863681831,17.90969573867772, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Converter,GW/yr,0.0,0.7955486159934241,0.0,4.370126403897749,20.25528361985945, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Converter|Pump Hydro,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Converter|Stationary Batteries,GW/yr,0.0,0.7955486159934241,0.0,4.370126403897749,20.25528361985945, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Reservoir,GWh/yr,0.0,0.7955486159934241,0.0,4.370126403897749,20.25528361985945, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Pump Hydro,GWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Stationary Batteries,GWh/yr,0.0,0.7955486159934241,0.0,4.370126403897749,20.25528361985945, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Wind,GW/yr,14.2863392517271,19.21704679637034,10.36752447013189,7.050021407235118,13.76369349156302, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Wind|Offshore,GW/yr,7.229475385000002,3.440716796370342,0.156513664418838,3.412243200116334,8.029992191974882, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Wind|Onshore,GW/yr,7.056863866727098,15.77633,10.21101080571305,3.637778207118783,5.733701299588142, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Gases,GW/yr,0.9059955530907311,0.6866553102918961,1.127085856176401,1.439875471032104,0.9613156052819791, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Gases|Biomass,GW/yr,0.9059955530907311,0.001004151057679,0.4270858561764,0.7687557727892591,0.538869484097899, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Gases|Hydrogen,GW/yr,0.0,0.685651159234216,0.7000000000000001,0.671119698242843,0.422446121184079, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat,GW/yr,1.266612850724887,2.667653668245642,3.636087143257323,3.947922655378448,4.051078426774792, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Geothermal,GW/yr,0.03869318657129801,0.059429516896159,0.08400786673072701,0.142903799350613,0.136346776421496, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Heat pump,GW/yr,1.2,2.200000000000001,2.632456766121997,2.54005086902033,2.754625194961468, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Solar thermal,GW/yr,0.027919664153589,0.408224151349481,0.9196225104045981,1.264967987007504,1.160106455391827, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Storage Reservoir,GWh/yr,23.21055820377584,48.79637646599886,46.52254889021236,48.31627496278077,148.50384974622, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen,GW/yr,0.0002531509363103,1.187053629744114,1.201322067386122,2.758324266934289,2.002882017167789, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Biomass,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Electricity,GW/yr,0.0,2.480193549120231,2.6,4.068693698626221,2.606764667816583, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Gas,GW/yr,0.0002531509363103,0.001974263057629,0.001322067386123,0.0003309378919647,0.003090666039527, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Liquids,GW/yr,0.0,0.609463023199528,1.329966126621249,1.498164275883288,0.520192110566786, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Liquids|Biomass,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.6299661266212481,0.858583604542233,0.335664915062546, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Liquids|Hydrogen,GW/yr,0.0,0.609463023199528,0.7000000000000001,0.639580671341053,0.18452719550424, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Decentral Heat|Solar thermal,GW,14.40729788490727,18.94755966330465,29.72243421673683,42.37929354686672,55.7998074495618, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity,GW,290.5102169045285,462.6722666530524,652.3003543340676,815.7603175419124,948.1448781769864, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Biomass,GW,7.759793007929069,5.502749698285735,3.236519130751622,1.573266203519941,0.9283671551288241, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Coal,GW,22.5545328125,10.874491796875,0.215344506835937,0.119731066894531,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Coal|Hard Coal,GW,9.66514765625,6.814853906250001,0.215344506835937,0.119731066894531,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Coal|Lignite,GW,12.88938515625,4.059637890625,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas,GW,60.4062502508343,94.64404975396215,133.8089154161896,154.9844791762437,143.8276322420352, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas|CC,GW,38.41164182318846,39.0333051797769,45.90412531011036,57.54980269528669,68.21983365788846, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas|OC,GW,21.99460842764584,55.61074457418525,87.90479010607925,97.43467648095697,75.60779858414674, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Hydro,GW,4.02051,4.02051,4.02051,4.02051,4.02051, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Hydrogen,GW,0.010225281,0.010225281,0.010225281,4.451295769937079,24.48931004174732, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Hydrogen|OC,GW,0.010225281,0.010225281,0.010225281,4.451295769937079,24.48931004174732, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Nuclear,GW,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Oil,GW,1.24,0.08,0.08,0.08,0.08, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar,GW,104.3014658553887,158.4184068669203,264.2205481483167,392.4936965244192,488.7220636109474, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar|PV,GW,104.3014658553887,158.4184068669203,264.2205481483167,392.4936965244192,488.7220636109474, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar|PV|Open Field,GW,35.47940999415127,77.04612816671373,123.8126032631081,156.9418479205814,170.959681297173, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar|PV|Rooftop,GW,68.8220558612374,81.37227870020654,140.4079448852086,235.5518486038378,317.7623823137744, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Converter,GW,23.488555851,27.67255048659308,18.43417938718159,24.2793000322627,92.82426126257918, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Converter|Pump Hydro,GW,6.788555851,7.084233779,7.379911704,7.675589631,7.971267556, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Converter|Stationary Batteries,GW,16.7,20.58831670759308,11.05426768318159,16.6037104012627,84.85299370657918, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Reservoir,GWh,68.04028227519412,166.4389131708257,252.0759484856795,324.804936273129,406.4431015461477, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Pump Hydro,GWh,0.717556882,0.748810323,0.7800637650000001,0.811317206,0.8425706470000001, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Stationary Batteries,GWh,16.7,20.58831670759308,11.05426768318159,16.6037104012627,84.85299370657918, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Vehicles,GWh,50.62272539319412,145.1017861402326,240.2416170374979,307.3899086658663,320.7475371925685, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Wind,GW,96.13896191537644,197.3889489388842,255.7399827118097,269.1503162217925,297.3856414811277, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Wind|Offshore,GW,29.129,59.34583134852443,60.51983629734487,66.6784318242553,79.96948236738406, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Wind|Onshore,GW,67.00996191537644,138.0431175903598,195.2201464144648,202.4718843975373,217.4161591137436, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Gases,GW,5.258367294529957,7.098113063425659,11.06102379844899,17.57055232459471,22.98416566373263, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Gases|Biomass,GW,5.163587999529956,5.737652914793975,6.205304741228421,9.244759764740062,11.98632045809952, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Gases|Hydrogen,GW,0.094779295,1.360460148631685,4.855719057220568,8.32579255985465,10.99784520563311, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat,GW,53.18714094132918,62.71558215670801,72.55058358021395,81.11882591411782,88.16390152861914, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Biomass,GW,0.0,0.09026668744225201,0.090338241227349,0.523129600692095,1.19996774961142, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Gas,GW,47.64659864068965,46.96915439880676,40.15150657088982,29.54920568325519,15.56448055247398, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Geothermal,GW,0.635730119771112,0.705994310716845,0.886903755790544,1.266045594065046,1.838937130366253, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Heat pump,GW,4.710954356528286,13.71095435652829,26.60577736023209,39.19915473145685,52.74768200472632, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Solar thermal,GW,0.193857824340132,1.23921240321387,4.816057652074142,10.58129030464863,16.81283409144116, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Storage Reservoir,GWh,60.24572729677762,254.7929841959765,492.0570557724687,726.769072488605,1473.814164048992, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen,GW,3.556596991007926,7.647636869668219,12.49437593368009,17.65985309247241,29.01344492469631, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Biomass,GW,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Electricity,GW,0.22270115,6.683747681323434,19.57811697790982,33.93499595478687,49.83345740159118, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Gas,GW,3.442596991007926,3.449654218538818,2.29684591377537,0.014137145167523,0.016580789475516, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Liquids,GW,7.198901942676393,8.142456214238742,12.9803722001712,20.55567764294908,25.80674945816033, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Liquids|Biomass,GW,7.184980087676393,7.017151332676391,8.455504299386668,12.59219019532174,15.96800139742307, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capacity|Liquids|Hydrogen,GW,0.013921855,1.125304881562349,4.524867900784532,7.963487447627342,9.83874806073726, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Building Retrofits,billion EUR2020/yr,3.93884195950397,10.13866331323579,16.79378734079664,23.44595493893873,30.09445517114763, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Renewable Heating,billion EUR2020/yr,3.590409524895878,9.572349139774065,16.38044342841738,22.59239892109363,28.61184814685077, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Energy Supply|Heat,billion EUR2020/yr,1.102551576659138,2.51065784447631,3.984550599601457,5.190446403601339,6.272417609638792, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Energy Supply|Heat|Geothermal,billion EUR2020/yr,0.053549375382037,0.104683402567273,0.174401084349571,0.278374111993392,0.404079143173173, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Energy Supply|Heat|Heat Pump,billion EUR2020/yr,0.227533058441368,0.732153884809639,1.432725131602601,2.094494439505187,2.781895990838856, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Energy Supply|Heat|Renewable,billion EUR2020/yr,0.190376883343718,0.388891030106556,0.566773911690313,0.708858436951872,0.8059057236175141, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Energy Supply|Heat|Solarthermal,billion EUR2020/yr,0.00179739758812,0.015919415481334,0.06080360161330101,0.128395759196404,0.198392868349559, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Energy Supply|Heat|Transmission and Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,0.629294861903893,1.269010111511506,1.74984687034567,1.980323655954482,2.082143883659688, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Residential and Commercial,billion EUR2020/yr,8.158546346303742,20.98002256452136,34.92407763955969,48.01867751598684,60.78844720165809, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Carbon Intensity|Electricity,g CO2/kWh,218.8307631818977,88.30129104700163,27.31919194468897,12.86779075690391,0.06934291065151436, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Carbon Intensity|EndUse,g CO2/kWh,214.5845411008919,206.6904025768342,185.2358401635457,103.3758631272329,0.9059601709356919, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy,Mt CO2/yr,480.6455795265377,324.8581733493883,164.9865047491373,56.33211235832546,0.302244173880429, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy incl Bunkers,Mt CO2/yr,507.229795161956,353.6724817443529,194.5150184540983,76.1514585123539,0.5086037841915201, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy incl Bunkers|Demand,Mt CO2/yr,346.0332468997808,254.0523599267517,149.6034082298529,51.09170758395148,0.361957570658105, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand,Mt CO2/yr,319.4490312643625,225.238051531787,120.0748945248919,31.27236142992304,0.155597960347014, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers,Mt CO2/yr,26.58421563541825,28.81430839496468,29.528513704961,19.81934615402844,0.20635961031109, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers|Aviation,Mt CO2/yr,25.70597498946251,27.89651743322914,28.67326107769597,19.29400053675248,0.201324125404544, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers|Navigation,Mt CO2/yr,0.8782413530920331,0.9177918318067021,0.8552522453591851,0.525344602257092,0.005035474430314, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry,Mt CO2/yr,83.61752774281324,57.89624024386148,31.42603465490711,7.537121439854257,0.08132600113659501, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Residential,Mt CO2/yr,67.17031699729215,45.87714353826534,24.33181074511943,7.26206561325928,0.007452674232528001, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Residential and Commercial,Mt CO2/yr,100.1921915497928,68.43099390655728,36.29367184654779,10.83219942225625,0.011116513925247, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation,Mt CO2/yr,135.6393119717565,98.91081738136828,52.35518802343697,12.90304056781252,0.063155445285172, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|Domestic Aviation,Mt CO2/yr,2.144485560906035,2.327228506752239,2.392027162880782,1.609575376003444,0.016795188023098, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|LDV,Mt CO2/yr,80.24141159310561,53.30545499935685,24.37346279071238,4.95280979775021,0.025274081025512, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|Other transport,Mt CO2/yr,0.249154492969725,0.260374854679934,0.24263253638315,0.149038722503052,0.001428549360797, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|Rail,Mt CO2/yr,0.897313761728129,0.6772894893179351,0.498489817800234,0.223288926125715,0.001329407535605, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|Truck,Mt CO2/yr,52.1069885297191,42.34053273519053,24.848561215931,5.968336734193283,0.018328209794803, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2/yr,161.1965482621752,99.62012181760117,44.91161022424536,25.05975092840242,0.146646213533414, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Electricity,Mt CO2/yr,133.8529651462198,78.60844177228019,30.05639740279917,16.37946554257371,0.101518177215366, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Heat,Mt CO2/yr,26.34120790395922,20.0197975577974,14.25281655821016,8.677585074817713,0.045105680342711, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Hydrogen,Mt CO2/yr,1.002375211996082,0.9918824875235931,0.602396263236034,0.002700311010996,2.235597533646269e-05, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy,Mt CO2/yr,480.6455795265377,324.8581733493883,164.9865047491373,56.33211235832546,0.302244173880429, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry,Mt CO2/yr,83.61752774281324,57.89624024386148,31.42603465490711,7.537121439854257,0.08132600113659501, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2/yr,161.1965482621752,99.62012181760117,44.91161022424536,25.05975092840242,0.146646213533414, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Electricity,Mt CO2/yr,152.0337212100594,94.33883881926175,42.89548149477765,24.8694101960169,0.146596116072101, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Heat,Mt CO2/yr,8.160451840119645,4.289400510815834,1.413732466231683,0.187640421374522,2.77414859770891e-05, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Hydrogen,Mt CO2/yr,1.002375211996082,0.9918824875235931,0.602396263236034,0.002700311010996,2.235597533646269e-05, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Energy Service|Residential|Floor Space,bn m2/yr,3.971816669578612,4.005088736277729,4.038360801439747,4.071632868138864,4.104904933300883, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy,TWh/yr,2131.148190000285,1900.977519882202,1638.484414333772,1422.532265535145,1301.797415011929, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy incl Non-Energy Use incl Bunkers,TWh/yr,2243.447471250285,2032.88120249939,1834.370629177522,1682.432062410145,1625.685930636929, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers,TWh/yr,110.1392265625,121.2787578125,132.136671875,143.013328125,153.88971875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation,TWh/yr,106.5006484375,117.415796875,128.309515625,139.222515625,150.134578125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids,TWh/yr,106.5006484375,117.415796875,128.309515625,139.222515625,150.134578125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,3.67431155006678,5.208189414172589,11.4580465477378,36.07234203409691,63.31898333163419, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.002315414484192778,0.6218454430942858,2.158095391180314,25.97368603391448,86.01028733515417, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,102.824021472949,111.5857620177331,114.6933736860819,77.1764875569886,0.8053074582116708, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Liquids,TWh/yr,110.1392265625,121.2787578125,132.136671875,143.013328125,153.88971875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,3.799843833922811,5.379538012891961,11.79981180376236,37.05453578683339,64.90270701216002, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.002394520260693611,0.6423040587130425,2.222466051643182,26.68090909511564,88.16156206595768, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,106.3369882083165,115.256915740895,118.1143940195944,79.277883243051,0.8254496718823174, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation,TWh/yr,3.6385810546875,3.862964599609375,3.827154541015625,3.79080517578125,3.7551328125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids,TWh/yr,3.6385810546875,3.862964599609375,3.827154541015625,3.79080517578125,3.7551328125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.1255323849313294,0.1713487611588378,0.3417651034121666,0.9821918550425286,1.583720385618262, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,7.910584019473935e-05,0.0204586350136425,0.06437063171869195,0.7072216947773616,2.151270255116592, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,3.512969563915977,3.671157203436894,3.421018805884766,2.101391625961361,0.02014217176514667, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Electricity,TWh/yr,522.41925,671.8728125,829.6525624999999,944.1612500000002,945.0727500000003, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases,TWh/yr,586.6844283311258,420.5810148925783,255.3946913113112,115.2309074266242,13.91833678489263, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,31.27651208926808,22.38646374584924,26.28296327235244,29.61416440443611,8.931516617110306, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.1064200154509942,5.07409518761943,11.29920307593651,13.91008098454673,4.923689145588483, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,555.3014962264067,393.1204559591094,217.8125249630222,71.70666203764131,0.06313102219384445, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Heat,TWh/yr,115.440375,135.259140625,150.887765625,159.059046875,163.052625, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.9021838937100775,5.233945394906939,9.841483691861013,33.22247398782105,98.00295203994416, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use,TWh/yr,637.8903121926678,597.7717290039063,554.9501262478348,514.0998060167123,494.0276794515186, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Electricity,TWh/yr,263.2285000000001,326.17321875,383.04775,419.83815625,389.99878125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases,TWh/yr,211.4300167100321,148.72947265625,86.90365652127211,28.79767466905581,1.45018456321294, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,11.27146580739518,7.916493682932458,8.943355873429491,7.400957704493781,0.9305959271133658, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.03835176895539861,1.7943451433608,3.844802168884386,3.47630679788123,0.5130108649721548, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,200.1201991336815,139.0186338299568,74.11549847895823,17.92041016668079,0.006577771127419444, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Heat,TWh/yr,11.3112216796875,13.435357421875,15.418515625,16.66950390625,17.596216796875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.1044114079361847,2.068714765781836,6.528226091395586,27.61374134034936,82.8009266781403, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids,TWh/yr,50.57988671875,34.2508984375,18.74006835937501,4.36046923828125,0.1380066986083983, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,1.745024698895016,1.519260367137784,1.673489098010981,1.12979094714903,0.05820407235942361, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.001099649664444444,0.1813960785695564,0.3151976294179953,0.8134995869541803,0.07906237157173444, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,48.83376237019056,32.55024199179267,16.75138163194602,2.417178704178041,0.00074025467724, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids,TWh/yr,101.27797265625,74.12310546875001,45.27493359375,17.268453125,2.066130767822266, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,34.78007421875,27.30827734375,18.0366953125,9.320578125000003,1.829393310546875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,66.4978984375,46.814828125,27.23823828125,7.947875,0.2367374572753906, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases,TWh/yr,211.4300167100321,148.72947265625,86.90365652127211,28.79767466905581,1.45018456321294, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,11.27146580739518,7.916493682932458,8.943355873429491,7.400957704493781,0.9305959271133658, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.03835176895539861,1.7943451433608,3.844802168884386,3.47630679788123,0.5130108649721548, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,200.1201991336815,139.0186338299568,74.11549847895823,17.92041016668079,0.006577771127419444, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,2.222769115447999,11.68460107421875,69.3147451171875,144.052017578125,252.7771562500001, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids,TWh/yr,50.57988671875,34.2508984375,18.74006835937501,4.36046923828125,0.1380066986083983, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,1.745024698895016,1.519260367137784,1.673489098010981,1.12979094714903,0.05820407235942361, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.001099649664444444,0.1813960785695564,0.3151976294179953,0.8134995869541803,0.07906237157173444, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,48.83376237019056,32.55024199179267,16.75138163194602,2.417178704178041,0.00074025467724, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids,TWh/yr,101.27797265625,74.12310546875001,45.27493359375,17.268453125,2.066130767822266, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,34.78007421875,27.30827734375,18.0366953125,9.320578125000003,1.829393310546875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,66.4978984375,46.814828125,27.23823828125,7.947875,0.2367374572753906, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids,TWh/yr,730.3891875000003,522.5488750000003,285.542125,97.23166406250003,47.0060859375, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,25.19869566099458,23.17859769806034,25.49892690073013,25.1925762644178,19.82473064588649, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.01587928081797333,2.767469500366543,4.802661290931305,18.13977217389776,26.92921916108607, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,705.1746125581877,496.602807801573,255.2405368083386,53.89931562418447,0.2521361305274422, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use,TWh/yr,2.160054687500001,10.6249248046875,63.74954296875,116.88646875,169.998796875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,2.160054687500001,10.6249248046875,63.74954296875,116.88646875,169.998796875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential,TWh/yr,605.8945418182386,536.7671875423905,463.2920368761023,399.6219419753608,341.6941636331711, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial,TWh/yr,899.178268127148,806.1710339364113,707.3140674459886,621.6492898855861,543.7104984641492, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Electricity,TWh/yr,228.59965625,266.7625312500001,306.2040625,333.7726875,350.85403125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases,TWh/yr,370.4463125,268.7625937500001,167.121609375,86.09770312500001,12.132724609375, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,19.74872352465391,14.30555314714221,17.19867824451141,22.12697610501478,7.785673901574003, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.06719609452078971,3.242483458049822,7.393814620851624,10.39327077949835,4.292018894846334, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,350.6303928808256,251.214557144808,142.529116509637,53.57745624048686,0.05503181295466583, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Heat,TWh/yr,104.12915625,121.8237890625,135.46925,142.389546875,145.45640625, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.2656220546299894,1.994115248911782,2.075717990659111,2.508282580654437,2.560962518712166, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids,TWh/yr,121.66003125,74.43939843750003,33.5743671875,0.06919340515136695,4.529886646196247e-07, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,4.197315833862669,3.301893759255408,2.998192769814033,0.01792790602812333,1.910471395909099e-07, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.002644992332313333,0.3942382706333722,0.5647023662758005,0.01290888742349584,2.59511737336503e-07, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,117.460070423805,70.74326640761122,30.01147205141017,0.03835661169974749,2.429787692211753e-09, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Solar,TWh/yr,4.71817236328125,6.962565429687502,12.5471396484375,18.59408984375001,22.139412109375, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Solids,TWh/yr,69.43235937499999,67.2494375,52.1738828125,39.55775000000001,10.75572265625, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,69.43235937499999,67.2494375,52.1738828125,39.55775000000001,10.75572265625, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Electricity|Heat Pumps,TWh/yr,10.347796875,42.31951953124999,77.00815625,99.78557031249998,113.1758984375, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Electricity|Resistive,TWh/yr,1.881089721679688,8.07224853515625,12.825126953125,17.61634375,21.30735546875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space and Water Heating,TWh/yr,682.8074871826173,589.800275253296,490.9433037109375,405.2785063934328,327.3396886854106, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Solids,TWh/yr,170.7103359375,141.372546875,97.44881640624999,56.82620312500003,12.82185366821289, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,104.2124375,94.55771875000002,70.210578125,48.878328125,12.5851162109375, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,66.4978984375,46.814828125,27.23823828125,7.947875,0.2367374572753906, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation,TWh/yr,594.079625,497.03475,376.22021875,286.7831875,264.05928125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation,TWh/yr,8.884669921875002,9.795250976562503,10.7040439453125,11.6144462890625,12.5247705078125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Liquids,TWh/yr,8.884669921875002,9.795250976562503,10.7040439453125,11.6144462890625,12.5247705078125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.3065243807565547,0.434486021498515,0.9558716917993322,3.009285367348139,5.282299020792105, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0001931602645260335,0.05187659876996611,0.180036124311185,2.166818923042805,7.175289820889272, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,8.577952380853919,9.30888835629402,9.568136129201987,6.438341998671558,0.06718166613112445, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation,TWh/yr,1.032254760742187,1.095911743164063,1.08575244140625,1.075440307617187,1.065320190429688, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Liquids,TWh/yr,1.032254760742187,1.095911743164063,1.08575244140625,1.075440307617187,1.065320190429688, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.03561316898678084,0.04861114169919473,0.09695775057955888,0.2786449479056495,0.4492968390300378, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,2.244209457374409e-05,0.005804054834679445,0.01826175812719722,0.2006367200942122,0.6103090762110108, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,0.9966191496608328,1.041496546630188,0.9705329326994939,0.5961586396173258,0.005714275188639166, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Electricity,TWh/yr,30.5911015625,78.93707812500003,140.40075,190.5504375,204.2199375, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases,TWh/yr,4.80809912109375,3.088948486328125,1.369425415039063,0.3355296325683594,0.3354276123046875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.2563227572190017,0.16441691577458,0.1409291544115333,0.08623059492755165,0.2152467884229356, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0008721519748055555,0.03726658620880695,0.06058628620049806,0.04050340716715305,0.1186593857699925, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,4.550904211899944,2.887264984344739,1.167909974427031,0.2087956304736545,0.001521438111759167, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.5321505564731519,1.171115317419736,1.237536876914114,3.100446135394375,12.64105477695301, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV,TWh/yr,349.64221875,270.34478125,183.7060625,128.4467421875,115.51690625, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Electricity,TWh/yr,16.49958984375001,45.545296875,74.43313281250002,92.682453125,96.58275000000003, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Gases,TWh/yr,3.34980419921875,2.118441894531251,0.8864776611328128,0.2380249938964844,0.2378226928710936, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.003643700838088889,0.0031318514347075,0.001437883615493611,0.003456554651260278,0.01104653930664055, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Liquids,TWh/yr,329.7891875,222.67790625,108.3850234375,35.52280859375,18.68528515625, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,11.37784829009284,9.87728010172282,9.678788339082137,9.203905674689661,7.880484789922047, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.007169896828522778,1.179323778952458,1.822976405250061,6.627220269041175,10.7045742912754, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,318.4041693130786,211.6213023693247,96.88325869316779,19.69168265001917,0.100226075052555, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids,TWh/yr,558.1492500000003,413.8585624999999,233.2276875,92.80200000000004,46.868078125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,19.25635445440158,18.35744287859209,20.82724485849095,24.04485704356244,19.76652610374532, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.01213463839658917,2.191835068412098,3.922761262387025,17.31336343477547,26.8501561513793, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,538.880760907202,393.3092845529958,208.477681379122,51.44377952166211,0.2513958698753945, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail,TWh/yr,15.44447265625,14.5775703125,13.95755859375,13.338091796875,12.7182607421875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Electricity,TWh/yr,11.7268740234375,11.7268740234375,11.7268740234375,11.7268740234375,11.7268740234375, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Liquids,TWh/yr,3.7175986328125,2.85069580078125,2.23068408203125,1.61121826171875,0.9913865966796878, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.1282585204452683,0.1264477530945953,0.1992002067867819,0.4174642008685644,0.4181154812857453, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,8.082374940544084e-05,0.01509756132091,0.03751887779453944,0.3005927387112767,0.5679534129016325, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,3.589259288617825,2.709150486365744,1.993964997449929,0.8931613221389094,0.00531770249231, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck,TWh/yr,219.0761875,201.2215625,166.7669375,132.30875,122.235765625, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Electricity,TWh/yr,2.364635742187501,21.66491015625,54.24073828125,86.1411015625,95.91030468749999, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Gases,TWh/yr,1.458484985351562,0.9708227539062502,0.4828585205078125,0.097576820373535,0.09759342956542945, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.527510498046875,1.147016967773437,1.221153930664062,3.09197998046875,12.626546875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Liquids,TWh/yr,214.7255625,177.4388125,110.8221875,42.9780859375,13.60131640625, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,7.408110898511036,7.870618515749478,9.896427219071473,11.13555669460926,5.736330281612974, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.004668315966458334,0.9397331527601273,1.863968162605014,8.018094670017353,7.792029969697619, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,207.3127832855225,168.6284608314904,99.0617921183235,23.82443457287339,0.07295615493940612, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Buildings|Energiewende,billion EUR2020/yr,33.39896378793075,49.24157831605973,47.12152158658445,45.8744595691802,40.86948422635802,40.2883266015731 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial,billion EUR2020/yr,30.34395445718043,47.02103992221078,46.36670857669179,46.44727202029531,42.70688044012109,42.15212124711693 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Building Retrofits|High-Efficiency,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0216930351030226,0.0145895943985286,0.173496697824515,0.02207291861945156,0.0,0.0 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Building Retrofits|Medium-Efficiency,billion EUR2020/yr,20.80250390117039,28.54916482659967,28.43061464767621,28.54368601764557,28.56486181385169,28.56486167664364 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Biomass Boiler,billion EUR2020/yr,1.008841131230013,0.1495840282523348,0.0010747055948272,0.000549975588301,0.0629946611535494,0.078184332423785 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|CHP,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0023047022952916,0.0009634259168217676,0.0001739966964297366,0.0001559861675711993,0.001400256362899065,0.001666484202341 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Gas Boiler,billion EUR2020/yr,1.322530368150143,0.218846025840561,0.0003026654497104,4.109467288252442e-05,0.0406909190789372,0.04819859945447601 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Heat Pump,billion EUR2020/yr,6.819252918221935,17.13163578066078,16.06342160035093,15.36576801989532,11.14618866317058,10.53728293545581 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Hydrogen Boiler,billion EUR2020/yr,0.003073525070109255,0.0,0.0163639142498756,0.066501716683843,0.05731639496268041,0.05383690397120101 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Hydrogen Fuel Cell,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Oil Boiler,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Solar Thermal,billion EUR2020/yr,0.186400419187213,0.7856679775220579,0.9856424158439031,1.012557807829088,0.9974317741405848,1.00596215362419 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity,billion EUR2020/yr,43.40726451298603,51.75549678044962,38.10877130975796,32.85491736557446,40.92762170952172,45.71292130664217 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Biomass,billion EUR2020/yr,0.004057784402962564,0.0065299029899648,0.0007306284575632817,0.0109939773195644,0.0249765248961342,0.027409858675536 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Electricity Storage,billion EUR2020/yr,0.6274933218070696,0.1229061761934776,0.0,0.6030643968056756,2.089507236118658,2.24612371972828 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Gas,billion EUR2020/yr,2.846779560667149,5.805814548639677,7.170097798112862,2.894480944228455,2.568274301642219,2.407204729938037 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Hydrogen,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0573851762832196,1.06581550632702,4.643707469771822,6.945622713682337 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Solar,billion EUR2020/yr,4.823214678993667,8.977861139742561,14.50183892175226,14.85828375890589,10.44776303138076,9.984079116735144 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Transmission and Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,3.97646324772193,4.4374144186693,2.391278091023608,2.435678010436106,2.420284262760263,1.847093531109417 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Wind,billion EUR2020/yr,31.75674924120032,32.52787677040812,13.98744069412844,11.58966516835742,20.82261611907052,24.5015113565017 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Wind Offshore,billion EUR2020/yr,21.14746699014123,10.33087740027307,0.888761816363489,6.639558694963884,13.93398553529517,16.95745409952343 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Wind Onshore,billion EUR2020/yr,10.60928225105909,22.19699937013505,13.09867887776495,4.950106473393536,6.888630583775347,7.54405725697827 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Energiewende,billion EUR2020/yr,44.23637416739343,52.84401273242919,39.02108608070819,34.8223213161799,44.41231971298491,49.30774093662089 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat|Geothermal,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1281331529413314,0.2034734734000522,0.2750390205555952,0.4590420666425326,0.4068877910426866,0.389085577515273 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat|Heatpump,billion EUR2020/yr,1.096127982554033,1.889006158967293,2.186479625459579,2.073344628396081,2.16192127882288,2.15277431202871 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat|Solarthermal,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0109179968304344,0.090305369064583,0.1929241842344278,0.2470841324246168,0.2304903740271964,0.222993908072543 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat|Transmission and Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,3.234668489797914,2.3920900827858,1.450604939594478,0.8632820182457415,0.0,0.0 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen|Electrolysis,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1006518322568274,0.481495567291932,0.4556602815234536,0.6818334904298454,0.6956977475943387,0.672198773488491 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen|Transmission and Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1009645003435049,0.4841142084941574,0.4566544894267782,0.6825060633699208,0.6994930197501968,0.676497136761952 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Energy,billion EUR2020/yr,115.5932113078453,123.7736875411504,122.0581533698929,112.3211147842281,96.19235754733701, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Energy|Biomass,billion EUR2020/yr,5.823587030416084,6.644459196539918,6.30307963884562,6.322093248487319,2.164356506847302, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Energy|Electricity|Heating,billion EUR2020/yr,2.066653822254124,9.202590470791932,16.77307736666128,21.97916938252962,23.78628293964301, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Energy|Electricity|Non-Heating,billion EUR2020/yr,56.69172674781041,57.89571548022342,56.1101672377583,54.00990543269199,51.02648943549243, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Energy|Fossil,billion EUR2020/yr,41.01228289046025,35.44511678573456,22.91642272205116,8.504140790155471,0.009583728565885, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Energy|Heat,billion EUR2020/yr,9.981578330483272,14.54547854964479,19.90607527608287,21.26260572330552,18.72037552688098, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Energy|Hydrogen,billion EUR2020/yr,0.017382486421185,0.040327058215789,0.049331128493654,0.243200207058169,0.48526940990742, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Energy|Other Non-Fossil,billion EUR2020/yr,0.006065672871048,0.765907017625952,1.63008931417529,2.163522091009776,0.878013340536653, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Non-Energy,billion EUR2020/yr,2.218963457752503,2.424206489205972,2.589246837439694,2.632336803347776,2.509982417077539, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy,TWh/yr,2583.824930681641,2333.564490460044,2021.818960767683,1788.054096377845,1719.227336296002, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass,TWh/yr,218.94859298871,168.9356228506576,187.1795132391618,253.7294332000062,291.8585346531088, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Electricity,TWh/yr,10.23931451486734,13.11536467138277,28.456686602741,56.49483335052419,97.60945075946853, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Gases,TWh/yr,38.59059230939333,27.69413436151701,32.40692500601705,35.16187104830047,10.29149460053746, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Heat,TWh/yr,2.586607699315937,1.376477495592022,0.9606969500437694,0.4363257540819747,0.0222929925657175, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Liquids,TWh/yr,30.70582110431381,30.02821477403925,47.25278547452645,96.03690631485838,142.2607385438847, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal,TWh/yr,379.3125458342633,193.4259928718679,30.06989972585594,9.548190578557513,0.2491217387290509, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Electricity,TWh/yr,312.799203125,146.61509765625,2.831111328125,1.600012573242187,0.01239480018615723, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Hard Coal,TWh/yr,189.7782136300703,133.7266609917616,30.06989972585594,9.548190578557513,0.2491217387290509, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Lignite,TWh/yr,189.5343322041929,59.69933188010628,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Solids,TWh/yr,66.4978984375,46.814828125,27.23823828125,7.947875,0.2367374572753906, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Fossil,TWh/yr,2000.817473145202,1456.521674677257,854.0599858585995,338.8661397403389,1.992000861642623, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas,TWh/yr,803.0372758590784,650.797739043677,450.390856540902,196.0615279568757,0.6648467425818516, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Electricity,TWh/yr,202.3715215509429,231.5391665048236,222.5925607789708,123.4157485827291,0.6014669402886594, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Gases,TWh/yr,555.3014962264069,393.1204559591094,217.8125249630223,71.70666203764131,0.06313102219384445, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Heat,TWh/yr,40.39835099328508,21.23474471121403,6.998689225855386,0.9289160524983324,0.0001373330129448026, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,4.962262682821314,4.910329859144217,2.982165535494366,0.01336792054973055,0.0001106722780752163, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Geothermal,TWh/yr,1.131023681640625,1.266900268554688,1.607127197265625,2.31925048828125,3.4105546875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Geothermal|Heat,TWh/yr,1.131023681640625,1.266900268554688,1.607127197265625,2.31925048828125,3.4105546875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Hydro,TWh/yr,14.53466796875,14.53466796875,14.53466796875,14.53466796875,14.53466796875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Non-Biomass Renewables,TWh/yr,364.0588645477297,708.1071929321291,980.5794616699222,1195.4585234375,1425.37680078125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Nuclear,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Oil,TWh/yr,818.4676514518603,612.2979427617122,373.5992295918414,133.2564212049056,1.07803238033172, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Oil|Electricity,TWh/yr,7.231463378906252,0.4769280700683594,0.261603515625,0.1391724090576172,0.08381396484374999, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Oil|Liquids,TWh/yr,818.4676514518603,612.2979427617122,373.5992295918414,133.2564212049056,1.07803238033172, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Solar,TWh/yr,98.42279789733888,159.1943746948242,278.3157290039064,421.9244799804686,529.584890625, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Solar|Heat,TWh/yr,0.1429834442138672,0.8962706909179688,3.46844775390625,7.546808105468753,11.90145703125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Wind,TWh/yr,249.970375,533.1112499999999,686.1219375,756.680125,877.8466874999999, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating,million,1.166139847009307,1.184748237334738,1.095534606356472,1.102586053606985,1.010163168722904, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Biomass Boiler,million,0.278723143025421,0.02858324990962,0.0,0.0,0.032717928737921, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Biomass Boiler|HT,million,0.08189912338739201,0.01644059452894,0.0,0.0,0.01672882311673, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Biomass Boiler|LT,million,0.196824019638029,0.012142655380679,0.0,0.0,0.01598910562119, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|CHP,million,0.0004444876110180154,0.0001791650960964782,3.438855207530925e-05,1.113486896685912e-05,0.0004328634954642962, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|CHP|HT,million,0.0001814284498301525,7.81593085023279e-05,3.438855207530925e-05,1.113486896685912e-05,1.04710900826256e-05, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|CHP|LT,million,0.0002630591611878629,0.0001010057875941502,0.0,0.0,0.0004223924053816707, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|District Heating,million,0.294433486582757,0.305978760418577,0.273902397513373,0.250789733832875,0.204201550198512, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Gas Boiler,million,0.315420778784718,0.046636018812073,0.0,0.0,0.015578493337168, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Gas Boiler|HT,million,0.3125661120288,0.046196139208418,0.0,0.0,0.015335958943986, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Gas Boiler|LT,million,0.002854666755917,0.0004398796036547534,0.0,0.0,0.0002425343931823361, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump,million,0.27711795100539,0.80337104309837,0.817746548018579,0.8366493662603701,0.74143544836729, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical,million,0.276161452833595,0.803123815401631,0.8175960922012131,0.835642252281505,0.7396681260750271, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Air,million,0.275537468059568,0.802508546885062,0.8175960922012131,0.835642252281505,0.737844233236959, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Air|HT,million,0.257096278822572,0.636911562075792,0.4833123550223261,0.149826558099759,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Air|LT,million,0.018441189236996,0.165596984809269,0.334283737178887,0.685815694181745,0.737844233236959, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Ground,million,0.0006239847740261243,0.0006152685165687775,0.0,0.0,0.001823892838068, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Ground|HT,million,0.0001555272709592793,0.0003553005048868849,0.0,0.0,0.001480994637027, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Ground|LT,million,0.000468457503066845,0.0002599680116818928,0.0,0.0,0.0003428982010411196, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Gas,million,9.739977025220777e-05,4.069766496849838e-05,1.35478564545011e-05,4.245777421247733e-05,0.0001269187278651142, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Gas|HT,million,0.0,0.0,1.35478564545011e-05,4.245777421247733e-05,4.273156765578155e-05, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Gas|LT,million,9.739977025220777e-05,4.069766496849838e-05,0.0,0.0,8.418716020933271e-05, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Hybrid,million,0.000859098401543265,0.0002065300317711578,0.0001369079609114206,0.000964656204652812,0.001640403564397, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Hybrid|HT,million,0.0007181273239450694,0.0002065300317711578,0.0,0.0001850512747055567,0.0005892534425320883, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Hybrid|LT,million,0.0001409710775981956,0.0,0.0001369079609114206,0.0007796049299472554,0.001051150121865, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Hydrogen Boiler,million,0.0,0.0,0.003851272272443,0.015135818644772,0.015796884586547, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Hydrogen Boiler|HT,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Hydrogen Boiler|LT,million,0.0,0.0,0.003851272272443,0.015135818644772,0.015796884586547, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Hydrogen Fuel Cell,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Hydrogen Fuel Cell|HT,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Hydrogen Fuel Cell|LT,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Oil Boiler,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Oil Boiler|HT,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Oil Boiler|LT,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV,million,3.369160449999994,3.369160460000009,3.427044489000004,3.337425979999997,3.337425980000012, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|BEV,million,2.69532836,3.032244414000001,3.426917899479769,3.337115911404541,3.335741646048576, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|FCEV,million,4.681175433200243e-05,0.0,4.847408982079795e-05,0.0002879737473877,0.0005205310834376, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|ICE,million,0.670752153738815,0.329430647810789,0.0,0.0,0.001154238009358, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|PHEV,million,0.003033124506845,0.007485398189219001,7.811543041367958e-05,2.209484806847812e-05,9.564858639650929e-06, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck,million,0.408629022,0.408629021999999,0.4285677919999991,0.4472409470000001,0.4472409469999991, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|BEV,million,0.004086290219999999,0.405184256445338,0.425666276831036,0.409904152826793,0.326316870424604, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|FCEV,million,0.012375336649683,0.0,0.002838499966549,0.037336794173207,0.120233708521844, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|ICE,million,0.392167395130316,0.00344476555466,6.301520241406365e-05,0.0,0.0006903680535501, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy,TWh/yr,2388.856722187876,2296.717676102462,2106.057664869206,1920.048019407106,1946.199995358848, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Efuel|Electricity,TWh/yr,-0.002673231373548056,1.142942959157793,8.060577352458628,20.32350779014504,44.83412781657792, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Electricity|Heat,TWh/yr,11.88033380126953,41.44249819946289,55.60763618469239,62.38129418945314,84.9087576904297, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Electricity|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.3711396751403808,31.77206591796875,77.28303906250001,122.707302734375,203.4241640625, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Hydrogen|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.03332096958730083,1.468564476122307,2.69365939219289,6.509893960264911,19.94912753506289, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Hydrogen|Gases,TWh/yr,-0.01678068391799917,2.951254118523058,10.31497841748577,17.65660522180101,26.38278225318547, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Hydrogen|Liquids,TWh/yr,0.02434374107837667,2.435744220001108,9.258105042853627,15.86421891326115,21.96428894024762, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity,TWh/yr,611.6734375,890.2298125,1100.1935,1272.90425,1464.00225, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Biomass,TWh/yr,13.7596559708814,5.714329121939897,13.81131566904186,26.87013455178373,45.90662607837375, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Coal,TWh/yr,112.7726640625,54.37245898437499,1.076722534179688,0.5986553344726564,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Coal|Hard Coal,TWh/yr,48.32573828125,34.07426953125,1.076722534179688,0.5986553344726564,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Coal|Lignite,TWh/yr,64.44692578125,20.298189453125,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Curtailment,TWh/yr,0.6749331054687501,20.799974609375,31.97756640625,38.02140625,59.35217578125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Fossil,TWh/yr,237.9735225491086,182.9924458830922,117.0276577749892,65.87758178508756,0.3596247506529322, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas,TWh/yr,121.4306848494311,129.7676923624351,122.7128071336925,78.98823202536472,25.66262503551787, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas|Autoproduction,TWh/yr,40.3665859375,28.125255859375,16.13007421875,4.5428701171875,0.03113392639160139, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas|CC,TWh/yr,79.832000252649,85.1102570368793,81.98741632107361,63.69313467462925,23.1092975027053, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas|OC,TWh/yr,1.232098659282086,16.53217946618082,24.59531659386893,10.75222723354798,2.522193606420969, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Hydro,TWh/yr,14.53466796875,14.53466796875,14.53466796875,14.53466796875,14.53466796875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,1.340685546875,6.85228759765625, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Hydrogen|OC,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,1.340685546875,6.85228759765625, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Non-Biomass Renewables,TWh/yr,357.554125,698.2250624999999,961.5936250000003,1164.978375,1385.52025, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Nuclear,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Oil,TWh/yr,3.026650390625,0.1997190856933592,0.1093248519897461,0.05800460433959945,0.03488331985473611, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Other,TWh/yr,3.129652976989747,1.950539756774903,0.8897169697070497,0.07018509899172916,0.02567431036822361, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Solar,TWh/yr,93.04907031250002,150.579140625,260.937046875,393.7635625,493.13884375, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Solar|PV,TWh/yr,93.04907031250002,150.579140625,260.937046875,393.7635625,493.13884375, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Transmission Losses,TWh/yr,24.38790156250001,38.47638750000003,50.566559375,61.56741250000003,71.90380000000003, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Wind,TWh/yr,249.970375,533.1112499999999,686.1219375,756.680125,877.8466874999999, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Wind|Offshore,TWh/yr,118.9792578125,243.8822812500001,250.202578125,277.2886875,334.4824375, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Wind|Onshore,TWh/yr,130.9911171875,289.22896875,435.9193749999999,479.3914375,543.36425, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases,TWh/yr,631.8536846700788,453.5877943283964,275.1133568791286,123.7964546978219,30.92971904986847, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,31.27651208926811,22.38646374584925,26.28296327235244,29.61416440443611,8.931516617110306, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,-0.01342357826232889,2.204491455078125,7.6755625,13.129638671875,19.615962890625, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,555.3014962264069,393.1204559591094,217.8125249630223,71.70666203764131,0.06313102219384445, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases|Other,TWh/yr,0.1673205871582031,4.72368310546875,5.852179199218752,4.903532226562503,2.280985107421875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat,TWh/yr,123.6336219322681,145.5146386108399,164.0711964759827,180.3094115180969,203.9445061836243, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.0,0.72215380859375,0.7227345619201662,4.1851808052063,9.599815105438234, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Coal,TWh/yr,17.69465694845376,6.141146257112205,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Electricity,TWh/yr,28.905302734375,77.564615234375,112.4377578125,130.48573828125,153.443265625, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Electricity|Heat Pumps,TWh/yr,23.5894375,50.03335937500003,78.70392187500002,94.405953125,95.15174218750003, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Electricity|Resistive,TWh/yr,5.315865234374999,27.531255859375,33.7338359375,36.07978515625,58.2915234375, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Gas,TWh/yr,18.87155,45.03002343750003,42.94707945154364,37.72869034040803,33.02423850168008, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Geothermal,TWh/yr,0.9815757446289064,0.7043792114257813,0.4404357604980469,0.1939604644775389,0.02086534881591778, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Solar,TWh/yr,0.1429834442138672,0.8962706909179688,3.46844775390625,7.546808105468753,11.90145703125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,3.252453384613992,23.2747456529773,51.27869686365972,78.63921929096882,132.0098704049352, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.2367341463327408,20.25235722524292,49.26646578455816,78.62683585381212,131.9953446309331, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Fossil,TWh/yr,2.854402340249556,2.825050762455233,1.716124677054973,0.007706048341445556,6.58862459703625e-05, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Gas,TWh/yr,3.01571923828125,3.022388427734375,2.012231079101563,0.01238343715667723,0.014525774002075, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids,TWh/yr,847.7331887634141,642.7381381352475,417.9520982441853,207.5724807752181,102.4917960522068, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,28.99853892215739,28.5581351803167,37.29873837746594,62.24710978587905,84.72743408440434, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Fossil,TWh/yr,818.4676514518603,612.2979427617122,373.5992295918414,133.2564212049056,1.07803238033172, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.01843043899536111,1.861606079101563,7.02972412109375,12.0319189453125,16.651212890625, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Oil,TWh/yr,811.5115847380625,611.8597121735697,373.354927554445,133.1771940204899,1.07758575695924, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Solids,TWh/yr,170.7103359375,141.372546875,97.44881640624999,56.82620312500003,12.82185366821289, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,104.2124375,94.55771875000002,70.210578125,48.878328125,12.5851162109375, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,66.4978984375,46.814828125,27.23823828125,7.947875,0.2367374572753906, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Residential and Commercial|Building Retrofits|High-Efficiency,million,0.0,0.0,0.003267623544106,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Residential and Commercial|High-Efficiency Buildings,million,0.006363435462018001,0.006363435462018001,0.015072630357549,0.022576071703425,0.022576071703425, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Residential and Commercial|Low-Efficiency Buildings,million,15.1350767382867,12.75677508936078,10.37671171737424,7.997455541490314,5.614606493749687, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Residential and Commercial|Medium-Efficiency Buildings,million,10.69825889625129,13.2930207351772,15.88083509226821,18.46904801680626,21.06835724454689, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating,million,23.6025667619222,23.79781555199223,23.99306433304217,24.18831312311219,24.38356190416215, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Biomass Boiler,million,2.269351659668735,2.481031710272701,2.173239377954197,1.843002738506208,0.649875764476144, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Biomass Boiler|HT,million,0.973247603605327,0.9848808451027631,0.8347016319594721,0.669583327118608,0.234202479225684, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Biomass Boiler|LT,million,1.296104056063407,1.496150865169937,1.338537745994723,1.1734194113876,0.41567328525046, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|CHP,million,0.172272646912436,0.116595513319768,0.06080624308875,0.005865156956971001,0.002972237865975, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|CHP|HT,million,0.171492328728829,0.114957158690803,0.05905277343595301,0.004111687304175,0.0009574477154155854, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|CHP|LT,million,0.0007803181836070389,0.001638354628964,0.001753469652796,0.001753469652796,0.002014790150559, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|District Heating,million,3.78129566325986,4.728708940270719,5.635126425242597,6.364471486511511,7.007724963373561, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Gas Boiler,million,12.34035791816044,9.754701493460782,6.687242686762177,3.913254447437405,0.6953180987459161, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Gas Boiler|HT,million,10.5679486993503,8.597449251157975,6.136952542830016,3.753744368148956,0.688654121117754, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Gas Boiler|LT,million,1.772409218810135,1.15725224230281,0.550290143932161,0.159510079288449,0.006663977628161, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump,million,1.075420553930928,4.094701662815248,8.128912934520402,11.99614296893674,15.8653557741058, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical,million,1.067717192018757,4.084551384227105,8.118323204050391,11.98263507557377,15.85110763869286, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Air,million,0.732028195631609,3.830945392396571,7.969952096821056,11.97186251346779,15.8428369121463, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Air|HT,million,0.451138280745761,3.13932393876957,6.033727986626485,7.464454352916565,7.171048427775943, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Air|LT,million,0.280889914885847,0.691621453627,1.936224110194571,4.507408160551231,8.671788484370355, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Ground,million,0.3356889963871481,0.253605991830534,0.148371107229334,0.010772562105981,0.008270726546556001, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Ground|HT,million,0.07710764662463,0.078896049310402,0.05743291210661101,0.002393519854694,0.005289571719826001, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Ground|LT,million,0.258581349762517,0.174709942520131,0.09093819512272301,0.008379042251286,0.00298115482673, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Gas,million,0.0004192285591274856,0.0007474386265164945,0.0008201941991641997,0.000970084404311446,0.0009734088216004523, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Gas|HT,million,5.257711612993291e-06,5.257711612993291e-06,3.815168913690083e-05,0.0001880418942841473,0.0004418991780100942, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Gas|LT,million,0.0004139708475144923,0.0007421809149035013,0.0007820425100272989,0.0007820425100272989,0.0005315096435903581, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Hybrid,million,0.007284133353043,0.009402839961627,0.009769536270847002,0.012537808958656,0.01327472659135, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Hybrid|HT,million,0.002071551832235,0.004143296989775,0.004312271791555001,0.004641760008306,0.004972739379378001, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Hybrid|LT,million,0.005212581520807001,0.005259542971852001,0.005457264479291001,0.007896048950350001,0.008301987211972001, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Hydrogen Boiler,million,0.003740696471129,0.003740696471129,0.010796193246181,0.062062946468507,0.162315025004394, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Hydrogen Boiler|HT,million,1.217710594241558e-06,1.217710594241558e-06,1.217710594241558e-06,1.217710594241558e-06,0.009100319439778001, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Hydrogen Boiler|LT,million,0.003739478760535001,0.003739478760535001,0.010794975535587,0.06206172875791201,0.153214705564615, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Hydrogen Fuel Cell,million,0.001650115116217,0.001650115116217,4.131195941944852e-07,4.131195941944852e-07,1.53341334089097e-08, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Hydrogen Fuel Cell|HT,million,0.001649717330756,0.001649717330756,1.53341334089097e-08,1.53341334089097e-08,1.53341334089097e-08, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Hydrogen Fuel Cell|LT,million,3.977854607855754e-07,3.977854607855754e-07,3.977854607855754e-07,3.977854607855754e-07,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Oil Boiler,million,3.958477508402453,2.616685420265657,1.296940059108272,0.003512965175256,2.525621941268032e-08, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Oil Boiler|HT,million,3.955040968548106,2.613248880411311,1.293503519253926,7.64253209099754e-05,2.525621941248473e-08, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Oil Boiler|LT,million,0.003436539854346,0.003436539854346,0.003436539854346,0.003436539854346,1.955917735904165e-19, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV,million,48.97666293399999,49.77723724399999,49.618564854,49.459892474,49.30122008400001, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|BEV,million,6.542392483120288,20.79928532190059,35.70048798337535,44.89872515412485,46.88461025548069, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|FCEV,million,0.001606609650904,0.001371609650904,0.0005572810530583,0.0003265820842198999,0.002490433906977, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|ICE,million,38.92533439409598,25.74058087703177,12.76899148788691,4.560840737790934,2.414119394612338, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|PHEV,million,3.507329447132818,3.23599943541673,1.148528101684677,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck,million,5.997480578000001,6.190540203,6.383599827,6.576659452,6.769719077, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|BEV,million,0.138762381037974,1.326110336483313,3.328348158436892,5.291031634686548,5.891486997537609, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|FCEV,million,0.021414275889524,0.046550578961662,0.04954307605861,0.125498900881455,0.5123640856474161, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|ICE,million,5.837303921072502,4.817879287555025,3.005708592504498,1.160128916431997,0.365867993814975, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Electricity|Volume,TWh/yr,52.382548828125,89.20879296875003,61.90623046875003,54.58857421875,107.511125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Gases|Hydrogen|Volume,TWh/yr,0.0,-1.47181995955158,-9.836652760946473,-20.0,-29.95551020988147, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Volume,TWh/yr,0.0,-9.949195440344345,-70.0,-169.5815003552058,-248.6945036261369, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_Mix,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Liquids|Hydrogen|Volume,TWh/yr,0.0,-1.550609589254651,0.0,-32.81542453897728,-98.48726477210141, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity,GW/yr,21.51513019432141,40.2789438826715,55.39018600773555,59.83731146226815,80.22860855024976, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Biomass,GW/yr,3.733003233042458e-05,0.0001081652695805,0.0002279837787826,0.000292256567387,0.05560619191825501, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Coal,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Coal|Hard Coal,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Coal|Lignite,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas,GW/yr,7.948253244146159,18.09942830122526,18.81895175738619,2.063049905056697,1.084356923925377, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas|CC,GW/yr,0.982677380361568,1.812413668988965,2.463999016086617,2.063049905056697,1.084356923925377, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas|OC,GW/yr,6.96557586378459,16.28701463223629,16.35495274129957,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Hydro,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Hydrogen,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,10.94312167551534,38.39749597868799, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Hydrogen|OC,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,10.94312167551534,38.39749597868799, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Oil,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Solar,GW/yr,5.676641081982666,11.629684763728,23.79012378888671,29.41650914133189,23.26439625562787, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Solar|PV,GW/yr,5.676641081982666,11.629684763728,23.79012378888671,29.41650914133189,23.26439625562787, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Converter,GW/yr,0.0,0.189629085891121,0.0,2.371665065822376,11.79668451248323, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Converter|Pump Hydro,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Converter|Stationary Batteries,GW/yr,0.0,0.189629085891121,0.0,2.371665065822376,11.79668451248323, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Reservoir,GWh/yr,0.0,0.189629085891121,0.0,2.371665065822376,11.79668451248323, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Pump Hydro,GWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Stationary Batteries,GWh/yr,0.0,0.189629085891121,0.0,2.371665065822376,11.79668451248323, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Wind,GW/yr,7.890198538160254,10.54972265244866,12.78088247768387,17.41433848379684,17.42675320009025, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Wind|Offshore,GW/yr,7.229475385000002,1.816169314221136,0.57207595896181,4.328345375658079,8.75536661654483, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Wind|Onshore,GW/yr,0.6607231531602521,8.733553338227527,12.20880651872206,13.08599310813876,8.671386583545422, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Gases,GW/yr,0.9126799752993681,1.104501275722432,1.0,1.434346958648627,3.859513965968309, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Gases|Biomass,GW/yr,0.9126799752993681,0.111076817126545,0.0,0.435518167944596,2.859946651087026, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Gases|Hydrogen,GW/yr,0.0,0.9934244585958871,1.0,0.99882879070403,0.999567314881283, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat,GW/yr,1.463551607370687,2.753900634144502,3.66154691481269,4.116089629250409,4.361786513959721, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Geothermal,GW/yr,0.0,0.005767848633102,0.021203065444294,0.04558640675486,0.07875333900251501, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Heat pump,GW/yr,1.2,2.178634433953126,2.871764413235498,3.0,3.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Solar thermal,GW/yr,0.263551607370686,0.569498351558273,0.768579436132898,1.070503222495549,1.283033174957206, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Storage Reservoir,GWh/yr,22.19856574907097,44.0655033765127,48.17132102195516,49.28490005051774,135.6604717331939, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen,GW/yr,2.16474867687963e-05,3.048134844759262,3.431089968245439,0.9460190123791111,1.164279078865615, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Biomass,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Electricity,GW/yr,0.0,5.034249740798725,5.430834692717908,2.944303571296784,3.163740136058022, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Gas,GW/yr,2.16474867687963e-05,0.000188126048569,0.0002552755275309,2.029051696937801e-05,0.0001062576888755, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Liquids,GW/yr,0.068163387412351,1.281884290809971,1.556526457532203,1.56999138924789,1.367989912838743, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Liquids|Biomass,GW/yr,0.068163387412351,0.289005727317826,0.5565264575322021,0.5705153305172781,0.367989912838745, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Liquids|Hydrogen,GW/yr,0.0,0.9928785634921441,1.0,0.9994760587306111,0.9999999999999981, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Decentral Heat|Solar thermal,GW,14.27424350710767,11.16936701710767,11.64780551320484,21.03249234675761,33.99670057478428, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity,GW,281.8037688943107,393.747906604364,552.0197304004448,772.872755455735,946.4234530636137, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Biomass,GW,7.75831200291732,5.488236446308931,3.21884485404867,1.551077048247141,0.9878329891515971, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Coal,GW,23.0452359375,12.026996875,0.3180126464843751,0.238869067382812,0.177148413085937, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Coal|Hard Coal,GW,10.016578125,7.74301640625,0.3180126464843751,0.238869067382812,0.177148413085937, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Coal|Lignite,GW,13.0286578125,4.28398046875,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas,GW,59.85769649386656,99.85494180028829,135.8040866535468,152.250546255216,70.9709668193252, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas|CC,GW,38.35781311364917,40.85669543807997,46.74645373567207,51.95557055875998,52.90653299850194, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas|OC,GW,21.49988338021738,58.99824636220832,89.05763291787478,100.294975696456,18.06443382082326, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Hydro,GW,4.02051,4.02051,4.02051,4.02051,4.02051, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Hydrogen,GW,0.010225281,0.010225281,0.010225281,18.97985388965345,99.42153214028616, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Hydrogen|OC,GW,0.010225281,0.010225281,0.010225281,18.97985388965345,99.42153214028616, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Nuclear,GW,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Oil,GW,1.24,0.08,0.08,0.08,0.08, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar,GW,104.2632913693665,145.5989183419241,237.0865827013163,373.4054594018713,491.2511235177289, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar|PV,GW,104.2632913693665,145.5989183419241,237.0865827013163,373.4054594018713,491.2511235177289, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar|PV|Open Field,GW,35.0938946876244,62.58264996859141,99.59161236129192,142.7768740114445,169.3661038732844, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar|PV|Rooftop,GW,69.16939668174213,83.01626837333268,137.4949703400244,230.6285853904268,321.8850196444445, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Converter,GW,23.488555851,24.78897200074617,15.39078631355298,19.72283876116543,56.78239934984626, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Converter|Pump Hydro,GW,6.788555851,7.084233779,7.379911704,7.675589631,7.971267556, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Converter|Stationary Batteries,GW,16.7,17.70473822174617,8.010874609552982,12.04724913016543,48.81113179384626, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Reservoir,GWh,68.08698672957959,168.5658136482266,259.8060233351572,330.9173411211054,381.7958136970046, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Pump Hydro,GWh,0.717556882,0.748810323,0.7800637650000001,0.811317206,0.8425706470000001, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Stationary Batteries,GWh,16.7,17.70473822174617,8.010874609552982,12.04724913016543,48.81113179384626, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Vehicles,GWh,50.66942984757959,150.1122651034804,251.0150849606042,318.05877478494,332.1421112561583, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Wind,GW,88.02072315316026,136.0876986208427,180.615827264533,233.5785552147472,291.0001339511218, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Wind|Offshore,GW,29.129,53.04865046697658,52.85505964848001,62.82913967641996,79.40400983602173, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Wind|Onshore,GW,58.89172315316026,83.03904815386608,127.760767616053,170.7494155383272,211.5961241151001, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Gases,GW,5.125984305815232,8.242152799104598,12.75261391997131,17.88859417993669,31.4347454292496, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Gases|Biomass,GW,5.031205010815231,6.566577893406796,6.07830775857682,6.215875021402049,14.76764583988075, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Gases|Hydrogen,GW,0.094779295,1.675574905697802,6.674306161394487,11.67271915853464,16.66709958936885, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat,GW,54.35385992933134,69.46053256687432,82.72218941482109,92.32858086439192,102.0664842110422, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Biomass,GW,0.0,0.099091066502899,0.09915358411934301,0.5879503959005681,1.277270002313142, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Gas,GW,48.24247458076343,52.25960150772005,48.87292738475227,38.57638712851126,26.30143986267912, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Geothermal,GW,0.569189707525337,0.419988710377417,0.335512502348262,0.357148656915869,0.5614521539512111, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Heat pump,GW,4.753343394070159,13.72892886874154,27.06819179790309,41.74223725575605,56.74223725575605, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Solar thermal,GW,0.7888522469724101,2.952922413532415,6.346404145698124,11.06485742730817,17.18408493634266, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Storage Reservoir,GWh,61.22013098656542,235.5178997514029,467.8787749338085,714.7243218979436,1418.871057843437, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen,GW,3.556271984445555,8.956461682994135,29.39088237192203,36.14862340658506,40.3462587957473, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Biomass,GW,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Electricity,GW,0.22270115,8.779566708626609,40.37078997603916,59.40866572993662,73.60097842228242, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Gas,GW,3.442271984445555,3.442914369121578,2.284698242385725,0.001800645790168,0.0015037734408, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Liquids,GW,7.092983996515322,9.582318081213263,16.61254825159229,24.48751407939956,32.12587934633665, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Liquids|Biomass,GW,7.079062141515322,7.991873592157013,10.02224856648392,12.89839026879248,15.53675553572956, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capacity|Liquids|Hydrogen,GW,0.013921855,1.590444489056249,6.59029968510837,11.58912381060709,16.58912381060708, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Building Retrofits,billion EUR2020/yr,2.747164600768115,6.92978378319463,11.57192935333292,16.23129092639921,21.01898717011558, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Renewable Heating,billion EUR2020/yr,3.13405048103446,7.889976081410087,14.9035965806656,21.573388060313,28.19297688753196, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Energy Supply|Heat,billion EUR2020/yr,1.090587688662341,2.806951672883884,4.535414251775433,5.932430406388165,7.217952613602236, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Energy Supply|Heat|Geothermal,billion EUR2020/yr,0.03486251318296001,0.03696893733136,0.051028952416268,0.081972732004206,0.1288917949128, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Energy Supply|Heat|Heat Pump,billion EUR2020/yr,0.229989341103804,0.7332558094982681,1.457722747226724,2.228683908175385,2.989881894692683, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Energy Supply|Heat|Renewable,billion EUR2020/yr,0.177761351553146,0.399787468857165,0.606248247554241,0.762849736880798,0.88205700857776, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Energy Supply|Heat|Solarthermal,billion EUR2020/yr,0.010792993414358,0.04042557709955601,0.083103381887313,0.138405533611759,0.207101983440861, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Energy Supply|Heat|Transmission and Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,0.6371814894080701,1.596513880097532,2.337310922690885,2.720518495716015,3.010019931978131, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Residential and Commercial,billion EUR2020/yr,6.518396571210644,16.41627374470225,28.8128368566894,40.52519748242823,52.22198398962566, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Carbon Intensity|Electricity,g CO2/kWh,226.6709917608362,118.4357168003412,44.77349216261433,19.93727612066496,0.5637899221740705, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Carbon Intensity|EndUse,g CO2/kWh,214.7703579979158,203.3687529436017,183.0194921497409,117.7280173156457,0.3181635176522875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy,Mt CO2/yr,493.6780709011329,364.66927703633,204.1356221305727,85.18210511837209,0.9064444126476301, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy incl Bunkers,Mt CO2/yr,520.2871745100816,393.3650888441955,233.5533033661974,105.6619095731517,1.122991178884188, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy incl Bunkers|Demand,Mt CO2/yr,356.1756157967422,271.3565871004089,168.0577596803711,67.13160721185199,0.287009268599438, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand,Mt CO2/yr,329.5665121877934,242.6607752925434,138.6400784447464,46.65180275707237,0.07046250236288, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers,Mt CO2/yr,26.60910360894878,28.69581180786552,29.41768123562468,20.47980445477961,0.216546766236557, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers|Aviation,Mt CO2/yr,25.73004075968828,27.7817951895966,28.56563871779939,19.93695226231208,0.211262699401473, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers|Navigation,Mt CO2/yr,0.8790635570588131,0.9140174847619681,0.852042137352879,0.54285114362425,0.005284055841681, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry,Mt CO2/yr,84.72126120203569,59.23239794701362,33.55761331530015,9.443418802993982,0.0009931936073053942, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Residential,Mt CO2/yr,73.13879606636667,56.11857972869876,34.65085589064412,15.39985172192147,5.964820756162791e-05, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Residential and Commercial,Mt CO2/yr,109.0948590505841,83.70726447378196,51.68570502502823,22.97063587809722,8.897210709690928e-05, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation,Mt CO2/yr,135.7503919351737,99.72111287174782,53.39676010441801,14.23774807598117,0.06938033664847801, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|Domestic Aviation,Mt CO2/yr,2.14649321464344,2.317657961741407,2.383048916300864,1.663212736666327,0.017624299877549, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|LDV,Mt CO2/yr,80.29968503953366,53.31213206290943,24.48862003697031,5.275720211362231,0.02624304329467, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|Other transport,Mt CO2/yr,0.249387749820748,0.259304083477547,0.241721838221455,0.154005276931513,0.001499071179789, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|Rail,Mt CO2/yr,0.8981538211625221,0.8796223895143681,0.8276516275930471,0.53236781522076,0.005231239413783, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|Truck,Mt CO2/yr,52.15669913725915,42.95235313603051,25.45569621268079,6.612441481432577,0.018782681343788, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2/yr,164.1115587133394,122.0085017437865,65.49554368582635,38.53030236129967,0.8359819102847491, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Electricity,Mt CO2/yr,136.0311131006527,93.64921610577066,42.33901747656998,23.7734722151895,0.8358202509928261, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Heat,Mt CO2/yr,27.07404345663657,27.33334557650846,22.53269222919858,14.75640818182035,0.0001616539529183598, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Hydrogen,Mt CO2/yr,1.006402156050114,1.025940061507456,0.62383398005779,0.0004219642898128911,5.339005006619097e-09, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy,Mt CO2/yr,493.6780709011329,364.66927703633,204.1356221305727,85.18210511837209,0.9064444126476301, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry,Mt CO2/yr,84.72126120203569,59.23239794701362,33.55761331530015,9.443418802993982,0.0009931936073053942, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2/yr,164.1115587133394,122.0085017437865,65.49554368582635,38.53030236129967,0.8359819102847491, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Electricity,Mt CO2/yr,154.7489752600278,115.3456161418998,62.42221607582369,38.03611408933303,0.8359811180945431, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Heat,Mt CO2/yr,8.356181297261482,5.636945540379333,2.449493629944866,0.4937663076768211,7.868512008255231e-07, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Hydrogen,Mt CO2/yr,1.006402156050114,1.025940061507456,0.62383398005779,0.0004219642898128911,5.339005006619097e-09, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Energy Service|Residential|Floor Space,bn m2/yr,3.971816669578612,4.005088736277729,4.038360801439747,4.071632868138864,4.104904933300883, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy,TWh/yr,2174.519887172699,1999.977147590637,1744.42461814922,1528.362547798157,1398.782417756988, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy incl Non-Energy Use incl Bunkers,TWh/yr,2286.840606899261,2132.094076301575,1941.58341502422,1790.593055610657,1726.082870881987, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers,TWh/yr,110.1392265625,121.2787578125,132.136671875,143.013328125,153.88971875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation,TWh/yr,106.5006484375,117.415796875,128.309515625,139.222515625,150.134578125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids,TWh/yr,106.5006484375,117.415796875,128.309515625,139.222515625,150.134578125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,3.578232898455847,5.772790703668411,12.76584115718089,34.35171857973219,59.10334242961225, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.002165173428296667,0.5161830938373911,1.280470178701614,25.12473687150539,90.18619181226174, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,102.9202503656159,111.1268230774942,114.2632042891175,79.74606017376242,0.8450438831260275, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Liquids,TWh/yr,110.1392265625,121.2787578125,132.136671875,143.013328125,153.88971875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,3.700482670090969,5.96271459450888,13.14661469944881,35.28706243272855,60.58162521431452, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.002239146242440278,0.5331654350654161,1.318663444598424,25.80884436779754,92.44191355816297, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,106.4365047461666,114.7828777829257,117.6713937309528,81.91742132447393,0.8661799775225649, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation,TWh/yr,3.6385810546875,3.862964599609375,3.827154541015625,3.79080517578125,3.7551328125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids,TWh/yr,3.6385810546875,3.862964599609375,3.827154541015625,3.79080517578125,3.7551328125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.1222498700674258,0.1899240708894191,0.3807733722367019,0.9353420458209721,1.478279709162505, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,7.397287370449017e-05,0.01698235732738306,0.03819324884192862,0.6841061745298761,2.255717052914207, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,3.516257211746369,3.656058171392572,3.408187919936994,2.171356955430403,0.02113605042328722, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Electricity,TWh/yr,520.2379062499999,659.8206875,820.3677499999999,948.3010625000002,975.0991250000003, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases,TWh/yr,628.8323334960938,503.0926323242189,336.046209377705,184.0158716430664,41.88991800077755, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,31.05823729932436,33.17714654906916,25.14617193980955,23.24964106084785,28.26253457979883, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.03963073178949666,3.1773166837339,12.60334467658068,19.66005665096014,13.62689078198442, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,597.73446546498,466.7381690914158,298.2966927613147,141.1061739312584,0.0004926389943380556, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Heat,TWh/yr,116.0681484375,144.66209375,167.177484375,179.262484375,189.21790625, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.7350656620420573,4.462490623297608,15.15223556076814,40.54134727420441,110.5158226111484, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use,TWh/yr,647.7043720741271,615.0029931640624,570.6678537868847,528.999095703125,507.4965901509128, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Electricity,TWh/yr,265.4100625,327.658625,381.25146875,417.9940625,389.2792499999999, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases,TWh/yr,215.568171875,156.8855039062501,94.78780105250972,35.4667568359375,4.103690248092017, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,10.64698343205801,10.34603375222525,7.092924355483019,4.48107741286233,2.768701708590859, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.01358569517956139,0.990821365628915,3.554997183310575,3.789229931061939,1.334940278775586, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,204.9076027477624,145.5486487883959,84.13987951371614,27.19644949201324,4.826072557263244e-05, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Heat,TWh/yr,11.3727998046875,14.322943359375,16.779107421875,18.566962890625,20.690271484375, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.06945953895894834,2.437509811736122,9.776924407428941,31.51313915233486,89.94947093992869, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids,TWh/yr,51.089375,34.9464921875,19.171087890625,4.2077353515625,0.009873374938964723, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,1.716512388127192,1.718157101472389,1.907380459118407,1.038215262854439,0.0038868425065125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.001038654307191389,0.153631699790037,0.191318673581135,0.7593473157581372,0.005930959391236666, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,49.37182395756561,33.07470338623758,17.07238875792546,2.410172772949926,5.557304121529836e-05, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids,TWh/yr,104.211140625,79.070427734375,50.4847109375,22.396015625,3.596575356006622, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,37.827609375,32.493626953125,23.55483203125,14.78769140625,3.593698486328125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,66.38353125,46.57680078125,26.92987890625,7.608324218750003,0.002876869678497222, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases,TWh/yr,215.568171875,156.8855039062501,94.78780105250972,35.4667568359375,4.103690248092017, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,10.64698343205801,10.34603375222525,7.092924355483019,4.48107741286233,2.768701708590859, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.01358569517956139,0.990821365628915,3.554997183310575,3.789229931061939,1.334940278775586, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,204.9076027477624,145.5486487883959,84.13987951371614,27.19644949201324,4.826072557263244e-05, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,2.234315433502197,12.957171875,73.21580273437503,149.5847421875,263.2276640625001, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids,TWh/yr,51.089375,34.9464921875,19.171087890625,4.2077353515625,0.009873374938964723, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,1.716512388127192,1.718157101472389,1.907380459118407,1.038215262854439,0.0038868425065125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.001038654307191389,0.153631699790037,0.191318673581135,0.7593473157581372,0.005930959391236666, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,49.37182395756561,33.07470338623758,17.07238875792546,2.410172772949926,5.557304121529836e-05, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids,TWh/yr,104.211140625,79.070427734375,50.4847109375,22.396015625,3.596575356006622, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,37.827609375,32.493626953125,23.55483203125,14.78769140625,3.593698486328125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,66.38353125,46.57680078125,26.92987890625,7.608324218750003,0.002876869678497222, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids,TWh/yr,736.096875,535.9735625,296.8635625,103.36040625,49.3146875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,24.73154946207922,26.35133671413871,29.53571343302189,25.50311328485444,19.41366804717772, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.01496495484098028,2.356245914685815,2.962562340546383,18.65289531872838,29.62344798633805, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,711.3503605830799,507.2659798711755,264.3652867264317,59.2043976464172,0.2775714664842239, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use,TWh/yr,2.1814931640625,10.8381708984375,65.02212499999999,119.2171796875,173.410734375, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,2.1814931640625,10.8381708984375,65.02212499999999,119.2171796875,173.410734375, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential,TWh/yr,630.8833491577041,590.9142486632755,519.9620229835533,453.8649850055744,388.310862461025, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial,TWh/yr,932.7993994537502,879.0230683758344,783.5605653005,694.6304629563441,606.4308248891986, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Electricity,TWh/yr,224.22278125,249.53396875,290.34190625,329.03253125,369.47146875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases,TWh/yr,408.4560625,343.11728125,239.88859375,148.213265625,37.450375, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,20.17378025863148,22.6273485082827,17.95074503594991,18.72613049879378,25.26723777411754, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.02574201706635361,2.166981172346937,8.996972876469162,15.834944956614,12.18269679735078, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,388.2565402243022,318.3229515693706,212.9408758375809,113.6521901695922,0.0004404285316872222, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Heat,TWh/yr,104.6953515625,130.33915625,150.398375,160.695515625,168.527640625, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.1330326113747461,0.7953648934420486,4.041760880002755,4.955587343483914,1.689562726427397, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids,TWh/yr,126.93671875,82.01725781250003,38.951203125,0.09176137542724612,6.40742655377835e-07, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,4.264848615638619,4.032408551844406,3.875354602912664,0.02264117216252806,2.522405767079531e-07, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.002580641663172222,0.3605641064701516,0.3887151610164269,0.01655968075441778,3.848956099379811e-07, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,122.6692894926982,77.62428515418547,34.68713336107092,0.05256052251029972,3.60646873190105e-09, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Solar,TWh/yr,3.755869873046875,3.309971923828125,4.9769599609375,10.4750888671875,14.3520419921875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Solids,TWh/yr,64.63109765625003,70.60668750000002,58.96865234375,45.9539921875,16.1493125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,64.63109765625003,70.60668750000002,58.96865234375,45.9539921875,16.1493125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Electricity|Heat Pumps,TWh/yr,6.841416503906251,32.230751953125,73.320359375,108.5031484375,141.4806875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Electricity|Resistive,TWh/yr,1.010591552734375,0.9324470825195313,0.6507739257812499,4.1586064453125,11.6200244140625, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space and Water Heating,TWh/yr,716.428624473572,662.6523263015747,567.1898112373353,478.259686470032,390.0600619810747, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Solids,TWh/yr,168.842234375,149.67711328125,109.45336328125,68.3500078125,19.7458885884285, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,102.458703125,103.1003125,82.52348437500001,60.74168359375,19.74301171875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,66.38353125,46.57680078125,26.92987890625,7.608324218750003,0.002876869678497222, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation,TWh/yr,594.016125,505.9510625,390.1961875,304.733,284.855, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation,TWh/yr,8.884669921875002,9.795250976562503,10.7040439453125,11.6144462890625,12.5247705078125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Liquids,TWh/yr,8.884669921875002,9.795250976562503,10.7040439453125,11.6144462890625,12.5247705078125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.298509151566632,0.4815871056753744,1.064972648986596,2.865744729508727,4.930614981708105, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0001806266113517671,0.04306186295680861,0.1068214543303417,2.095996510413059,7.523658903425164, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,8.58598014369702,9.270602007930316,9.532249841995567,6.652705049140716,0.07049662267923472, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation,TWh/yr,1.032254760742187,1.095911743164063,1.08575244140625,1.075440307617187,1.065320190429688, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Liquids,TWh/yr,1.032254760742187,1.095911743164063,1.08575244140625,1.075440307617187,1.065320190429688, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.03468192915879723,0.05388090266690139,0.10802428125068,0.2653537944686614,0.4193836276658572, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,2.098588705310528e-05,0.004817845036314445,0.01083531190887195,0.1940789148119705,0.6399403271082195, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,0.9975518456963373,1.037212995460847,0.9668928482466977,0.6160075983365555,0.00599623565561111, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Electricity,TWh/yr,30.60507421875,82.62807031249999,148.77440625,201.27446875,216.348390625, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases,TWh/yr,4.80809912109375,3.08984716796875,1.369814575195313,0.3358491821289064,0.3358527526855469, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.2374736086348686,0.2037642885611992,0.1025025483766214,0.04243314919172944,0.2265950970904192, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0003030195435816667,0.01951414575804833,0.05137461680094722,0.03588176328420361,0.1092537058580494, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,4.5703224929153,2.866568733649503,1.215937410017744,0.257534269652973,3.949737078159447e-06, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.5325736584842555,1.229615656825501,1.333547702560344,4.072621858213653,18.87680051887757, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV,TWh/yr,349.57871875,272.8518125000001,187.94296875,132.80109375,119.049859375, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Electricity,TWh/yr,16.5135625,47.09084375,77.77067187499999,95.96480468750002,100.1203359375, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Gases,TWh/yr,3.34980419921875,2.118644531250001,0.8866265869140627,0.2382018432617186,0.2381944580078125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.004731254100799444,0.004219899177551111,0.003169507980346666,0.01464432144165028,0.04201683044433583, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Liquids,TWh/yr,329.710625,223.63809375,109.2825,36.5834375,18.64930859375, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,11.07769222680174,10.99524887575844,10.87279481544392,9.026585563675573,7.341656303681153, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.006703064204309167,0.9831573451284938,1.090589280322202,6.602015750946627,11.20268323931122, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,318.6262297089939,211.6596875291131,97.31911590423388,20.9548361853778,0.1049690507576272, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids,TWh/yr,558.07075,419.0098125,238.74128125,99.06090624999999,49.3048125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,18.75018740836883,20.60077106082192,23.75297934259777,24.44225604225598,19.40978056493491, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.01134565823529944,1.842050108425626,2.382528603405285,17.87698773155331,29.61751605076886, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,539.3092169333959,396.5669913307524,212.605773303997,56.74166247619072,0.2775158842962291, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail,TWh/yr,15.44447265625,15.44447265625,15.44447265625,15.44447265625,15.44447265625, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Electricity,TWh/yr,11.7268740234375,11.7268740234375,11.7268740234375,11.7268740234375,11.7268740234375, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Liquids,TWh/yr,3.7175986328125,3.7175986328125,3.7175986328125,3.7175986328125,3.7175986328125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.1249047205472247,0.1827770998336581,0.3698733753413875,0.9172790870318119,1.463503662880629, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,7.557931237913373e-05,0.01634329975185278,0.03709993107300611,0.6708949843635053,2.233170183491533, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,3.592618332952897,3.518478233226989,3.310625326398108,2.129424561417183,0.02092478644033805, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck,TWh/yr,219.076125,206.76340625,175.01878125,143.798375,136.768828125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Electricity,TWh/yr,2.364635742187501,23.810353515625,59.27686328125,93.5827890625,104.5011796875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Gases,TWh/yr,1.458484985351562,0.9709575805664064,0.4830724792480469,0.09763935852050779,0.09766126251220694, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.5274420776367189,1.219127563476563,1.307463745117188,4.04796484375,18.82216796875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Liquids,TWh/yr,214.7255625,180.76296875,113.9513828125,46.06998828125,13.3478134765625, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,7.214398063762372,8.887277635039291,11.33731388151274,11.3672940422352,5.254621556501389, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.004365401423578333,0.7946698054601662,1.1371825916611,8.314002430163622,8.018062737481436, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,207.5067990348141,171.0810213095006,101.4768863393262,26.38869180885117,0.07512918257967945, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Buildings|Energiewende,billion EUR2020/yr,22.04529676094031,40.77214767916796,40.78513185388414,39.91852750179788,36.60894126588648,36.33148443724766 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial,billion EUR2020/yr,18.55518744617594,36.89315340519693,38.69553939991236,39.26674727049762,37.05903724977883,36.81792725784526 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Building Retrofits|High-Efficiency,billion EUR2020/yr,0.001422499069291442,0.0021106944522226,0.019862233530221,0.08168431360737341,2.156277616004592,2.800751723703554 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Building Retrofits|Medium-Efficiency,billion EUR2020/yr,12.24205051018145,19.89318107991724,19.95737205995579,19.99658967168447,18.88632688866461,18.53003477880692 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Biomass Boiler,billion EUR2020/yr,0.879622646415098,0.192532725169002,0.0140939021684142,0.0006022065365769394,0.009753569739295401,0.012142536002379 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|CHP,billion EUR2020/yr,5.97885449419151e-05,0.0001088515263779093,6.72974778732377e-05,2.688702474637769e-05,8.743057545219396e-06,7.883665004885704e-06 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Gas Boiler,billion EUR2020/yr,2.415687722196895,0.553646353827263,0.0001019740229479272,1.722069374828868e-05,0.0653019498804544,0.07946970012991601 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Heat Pump,billion EUR2020/yr,2.987809882345034,16.21761840094658,18.01603678575514,17.4677540335367,13.66598381362996,13.06262029386298 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Hydrogen Boiler,billion EUR2020/yr,9.23283790196877e-05,0.0001684912494043264,0.0022515410841138,0.0080589768507684,0.0152316891417044,0.016493698933528 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Hydrogen Fuel Cell,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Oil Boiler,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Solar Thermal,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0243133839043284,0.0238065361417356,0.4850085535643826,0.9187167648270509,0.9669315384356528,0.959144679554716 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity,billion EUR2020/yr,33.38420882295458,34.50222312750476,41.73247747443405,50.37578424600707,60.47081176358441,69.55879360014342 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Biomass,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0001561354176308575,0.0003213972583133277,0.0006177249262845271,0.008380924370230608,0.1256086792150294,0.162285970195044 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Electricity Storage,billion EUR2020/yr,0.6092862844206711,0.0309920871956348,0.0,0.3220418215774654,1.167024614708003,1.308143267451501 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Gas,billion EUR2020/yr,2.722895256343215,6.663735711769828,7.882101571240301,1.131764291428095,0.4546462216026628,0.320100868458367 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Hydrogen,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.2064823218483678,5.074143534442027,16.21001487200816,23.37536301411826 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Solar,billion EUR2020/yr,4.521789018864992,7.049575395104783,13.754411903121,16.22317331035939,13.02426605462509,12.76281273113204 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Transmission and Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,3.242311386075793,1.951989381229105,2.66142718390916,4.165805609420961,3.63895477781413,3.039670997053374 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Wind,billion EUR2020/yr,22.89705702625295,18.83660124214272,17.22743676938893,23.77251657598637,27.01732115831934,29.89856001918633 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Wind Offshore,billion EUR2020/yr,20.36890772900939,6.703478352728109,1.73041335760219,8.420381976650408,15.33865413603904,18.48927420787997 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Wind Onshore,billion EUR2020/yr,2.528149297243557,12.13312288941462,15.49702341178674,15.35213459933596,11.6786670222803,11.40928581130636 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Energiewende,billion EUR2020/yr,34.12393223144492,36.97671955671165,44.32807908062986,51.43531094414703,62.32398862956152,71.64972183685246 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat|Geothermal,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0006213655292414326,0.020837887000787,0.0692392660537396,0.1498728707645704,0.2145538199065896,0.224734234217061 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat|Heatpump,billion EUR2020/yr,1.103802431377389,1.878795324483813,2.382587472369408,2.41356710374883,2.354667226890756,2.34453781512605 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat|Solarthermal,billion EUR2020/yr,0.06710998581151661,0.1238683144333626,0.1634571722760034,0.2116632323836922,0.245194528550418,0.246622696167824 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat|Transmission and Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,3.494297788449197,3.889083397464507,2.290404803803136,1.445104314061198,0.8431342003902093,0.870827026253663 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen|Electrolysis,billion EUR2020/yr,0.06520504098056443,1.221626667160121,1.297693027863067,0.3687231427266114,0.3430098514371692,0.391318595353526 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen|Transmission and Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,0.06523208308909778,1.221877674851142,1.297908578332737,0.3687617338358884,0.3431423998319296,0.39146637390402 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Energy,billion EUR2020/yr,118.4748449066462,131.0503119418743,131.7392829363446,123.4128002877642,105.4921862576589, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Energy|Biomass,billion EUR2020/yr,5.596371934095885,7.934727412043621,6.912686068542387,6.248689925810625,5.598579884922334, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Energy|Electricity|Heating,billion EUR2020/yr,1.326971375058174,6.056293540330293,13.81140149300986,21.09174976639763,27.07918455324807, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Energy|Electricity|Non-Heating,billion EUR2020/yr,56.69172674781041,57.89571548022342,56.1101672377583,54.00990543269199,51.02648943549243, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Energy|Fossil,billion EUR2020/yr,44.81475936182235,43.57805172622918,32.79755128924288,18.0312401145442,7.680496998804398e-05, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Energy|Heat,billion EUR2020/yr,10.03585249408547,15.56219368977711,22.0997855539212,23.99618135759066,21.68966496901364, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Energy|Hydrogen,billion EUR2020/yr,0.009162993773911,0.023330093270645,0.007691293869925,0.035033690729051,0.09819061001240101, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Energy|Other Non-Fossil,billion EUR2020/yr,0.002323686453491,0.511862622720073,1.9835321952078,3.29629179787538,2.492200191530171, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Non-Energy,billion EUR2020/yr,2.229198318016496,2.413055438160274,2.646377793675062,2.762041866415982,2.699289810090618, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy,TWh/yr,2628.655581851177,2413.579566341392,2040.96199310554,1821.845752947411,1695.534490717297, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass,TWh/yr,222.341685283596,224.873765882907,236.9086485873937,267.3942379598586,293.0955662928017, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Electricity,TWh/yr,9.534776809273447,22.70829717263378,29.04075319314072,34.39230081159472,116.5497285398984, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Gases,TWh/yr,38.14101606477072,40.64019213838814,30.54624869467975,27.28480428738046,32.82525036210294, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Heat,TWh/yr,2.44483335395891,2.264273139734996,1.167319710505821,0.4600232169872844,0.2593312743088553, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Liquids,TWh/yr,29.71195487998836,35.19201715504161,53.9018387585375,90.20745070343003,130.9692160847532, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal,TWh/yr,385.7238934896292,208.329157936074,31.08964186230303,10.80453877587028,2.384089505346357, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Electricity,TWh/yr,319.3296953125,161.75529296875,4.16049560546875,3.1959033203125,2.381206787109376, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Hard Coal,TWh/yr,194.1416478597428,145.3309407470004,31.08964186230303,10.80453877587028,2.384089505346357, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Lignite,TWh/yr,191.5822456298864,62.99821718907359,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Solids,TWh/yr,66.38353125,46.57680078125,26.92987890625,7.608324218750003,0.002876869678497222, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Fossil,TWh/yr,2058.919431540725,1639.545798078114,1044.545204259357,482.2128995700722,3.530864854182811, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas,TWh/yr,848.0571934330502,808.635289450375,631.1217826016469,330.1765172779769,0.002247475025013889, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Electricity,TWh/yr,203.9844489485648,308.9075230960281,317.6086343891958,186.6269505780869,0.001750779347776666, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Gases,TWh/yr,597.73446546498,466.7381690914158,298.2966927613147,141.1061739312584,0.0004926389943380556, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Heat,TWh/yr,41.36737045419217,27.90571677451444,12.12623031874604,2.444413956170128,3.89509973700173e-06, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,4.982205308167099,5.078919528133028,3.088293200832314,0.002088954598536667,2.642933883218954e-08, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Geothermal,TWh/yr,1.006870727539062,0.7444642944335939,0.5974302978515624,0.6390031127929688,1.0098271484375, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Geothermal|Heat,TWh/yr,1.006870727539062,0.7444642944335939,0.5974302978515624,0.6390031127929688,1.0098271484375, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Hydro,TWh/yr,14.53466796875,14.53466796875,14.53466796875,14.53466796875,14.53466796875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Non-Biomass Renewables,TWh/yr,347.3944650268555,549.1600023803711,759.5081402587891,1072.238615417481,1398.908059570313, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Nuclear,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Oil,TWh/yr,825.1383446180455,622.5813506916655,382.3337797954072,141.2318435162247,1.144527873811441, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Oil|Electricity,TWh/yr,7.608822753906253,0.5748423461914064,0.3250503845214844,0.1763584289550781,0.1326432037353514, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Oil|Liquids,TWh/yr,825.1383446180455,622.5813506916655,382.3337797954072,141.2318435162247,1.144527873811441, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Solar,TWh/yr,97.75209820556641,141.8931201171875,240.5711669921875,391.5011943359374,522.422689453125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Solar|Heat,TWh/yr,0.5803316040039064,2.151778564453125,4.7075361328125,8.034646484375003,12.25084765625, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Wind,TWh/yr,234.100828125,391.98775,503.804875,665.5637500000003,860.940875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating,million,1.166139847009307,1.184748237334739,1.095534606356472,1.102586053606986,1.048115780586526, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Biomass Boiler,million,0.244613474632263,0.032310895577185,0.003354913407833,2.200114494680093e-05,0.004126382569148, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Biomass Boiler|HT,million,0.063465555512264,0.012340532599165,0.0,0.0,0.00361318224746, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Biomass Boiler|LT,million,0.181147919119999,0.01997036297802,0.003354913407833,2.200114494680093e-05,0.0005132003216871692, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|CHP,million,1.05990918740853e-05,1.945114046093529e-05,1.230850660059612e-05,5.094178339254591e-06,1.662922247043962e-06, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|CHP|HT,million,3.85354650346413e-06,5.632288791365667e-06,4.255885335806536e-06,2.999558231503708e-06,1.662922247043962e-06, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|CHP|LT,million,6.745545370621164e-06,1.381885166956962e-05,8.052621264789576e-06,2.094620107750882e-06,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|District Heating,million,0.256480874719135,0.3239391870396131,0.267797592444528,0.225736864272748,0.205701505223848, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Gas Boiler,million,0.5899779296174701,0.107979511336857,1.575148758498301e-05,3.44006598055521e-06,0.020858670751086, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Gas Boiler|HT,million,0.58980033221909,0.107913995406183,0.0,0.0,0.02085653766198, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Gas Boiler|LT,million,0.0001775973983799243,6.551593067465721e-05,1.575148758498301e-05,3.44006598055521e-06,2.133089105840934e-06, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump,million,0.07505496545199801,0.7204991922406201,0.8238943900608461,0.8751885714190121,0.813497460468919, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical,million,0.07501519823777801,0.720441711097986,0.82388317114979,0.8751870805159501,0.8134582237202, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Air,million,0.07498327160495101,0.720408320032032,0.823847189630408,0.8751112731009411,0.813271967557727, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Air|HT,million,0.073581963693283,0.59066448225569,0.542047981281582,0.432404731941694,0.260593673300059, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Air|LT,million,0.001401307911667,0.129743837776341,0.281799208348826,0.442706541159246,0.552678294257667, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Ground,million,3.1926632827383e-05,3.33910659547805e-05,3.598151938148189e-05,7.580741500845891e-05,0.0001862561624730291, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Ground|HT,million,1.138355370052928e-05,0.0,3.598151938148189e-05,7.580741500845891e-05,8.594590915247857e-05, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Ground|LT,million,2.054307912685373e-05,3.33910659547805e-05,0.0,0.0,0.0001003102533205506, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Gas,million,6.928828388785296e-06,9.97147795510694e-06,2.334350535527472e-06,1.457377137197438e-06,8.844129402047309e-06, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Gas|HT,million,5.298337723581864e-06,5.535345453816174e-06,2.334350535527472e-06,1.457377137197438e-06,1.378351679815108e-06, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Gas|LT,million,1.630490665203432e-06,4.436132501290771e-06,0.0,0.0,7.465777722232201e-06, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Hybrid,million,3.283838583123227e-05,4.7509664678597e-05,8.884560520717652e-06,3.352592480436937e-08,3.039261931723411e-05, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Hybrid|HT,million,2.452670479083054e-05,1.933334835092087e-05,3.662236691415327e-06,3.352592480436937e-08,1.755202494248214e-06, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Hybrid|LT,million,8.311681040401734e-06,2.817631632767613e-05,5.222323829302325e-06,0.0,2.863741682298589e-05, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Hydrogen Boiler,million,2.003496563951902e-06,0.0,0.0004596504490787735,0.001630082525958,0.003930098651276, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Hydrogen Boiler|HT,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Hydrogen Boiler|LT,million,2.003496563951902e-06,0.0,0.0004596504490787735,0.001630082525958,0.003930098651276, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Hydrogen Fuel Cell,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Hydrogen Fuel Cell|HT,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Hydrogen Fuel Cell|LT,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Oil Boiler,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Oil Boiler|HT,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Oil Boiler|LT,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV,million,3.369160449999907,3.544172489999988,3.598259929,3.336315269999905,3.511327299999984, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|BEV,million,2.69532836,3.189755240999999,3.598026305942432,3.335002257814656,3.509083769782965, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|FCEV,million,0.0001189276829808,0.0,0.0002179332028844,0.001170862265729,0.001633294925767, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|ICE,million,0.672518217429626,0.3544172489999891,0.0,0.0,0.00015217057432, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|PHEV,million,0.001194944887299,0.0,1.568985468415236e-05,0.000142149919519,0.0004580647169322, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck,million,0.408629022,0.441701255,0.463642124999999,0.48431738,0.5193917130000001, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|BEV,million,0.004086290219999999,0.4416701586280191,0.460096488151897,0.432953528005099,0.3371481405758811, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|FCEV,million,0.012371248840507,0.0,0.003545636848101,0.051363851994901,0.182234474571555, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|ICE,million,0.3921714829394931,3.109637198013441e-05,0.0,0.0,9.097852563399249e-06, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy,TWh/yr,2424.662585222997,2318.838694943643,2081.739691381278,1964.648117927745,2058.448657268888, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Efuel|Electricity,TWh/yr,-0.002402619884466389,1.29274231306924,7.069585414511449,17.76431722661343,43.61438206791739, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Electricity|Heat,TWh/yr,10.28856990814209,22.01339641571045,30.86800917053222,49.0927541732788,78.88592767333982, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Electricity|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.128278829574585,45.58681127929689,96.82352050781252,155.8123828125,257.4710351562501, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Hydrogen|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.01309915149379695,0.6124381588373744,5.676629740513706,23.81155411925019,77.18250200986456, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Hydrogen|Gases,TWh/yr,-0.01578807523012139,2.399778050950887,6.472768320963258,16.31396371466882,35.02855962452528, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Hydrogen|Liquids,TWh/yr,0.02292802023410778,2.256681351696828,5.647512130129592,13.92248904779949,30.57906578210081, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity,TWh/yr,600.1258125000003,790.7176874999999,945.6268749999999,1192.41325,1482.503, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Biomass,TWh/yr,15.37499021357355,15.20777766864275,22.48564191924543,20.58823509513089,57.44163965802978, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Coal,TWh/yr,115.2261796875,60.13498437499999,1.590063232421875,1.194345336914062,0.8857420654296875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Coal|Hard Coal,TWh/yr,50.082890625,38.71508203125,1.590063232421875,1.194345336914062,0.8857420654296875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Coal|Lignite,TWh/yr,65.1432890625,21.41990234375,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Curtailment,TWh/yr,0.3219234619140625,0.7544847412109378,0.6606493530273438,8.742199218750002,37.22165625, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Fossil,TWh/yr,240.8990940028773,229.7205903989014,166.2210755101248,99.44395993017972,0.942091125973332, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas,TWh/yr,121.5150129602546,170.4461031907323,171.7155387448171,112.3875935181504,26.65440792841131, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas|Autoproduction,TWh/yr,40.3854765625,28.17332421875,16.152287109375,4.55098193359375,0.017417459487915, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas|CC,TWh/yr,79.50819803769652,123.7275569850689,123.1564843863893,92.39916487374857,24.93459066198547, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas|OC,TWh/yr,1.621338360058047,18.54522198691332,32.40676724905275,15.43744671080803,1.702399806937923, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Hydro,TWh/yr,14.53466796875,14.53466796875,14.53466796875,14.53466796875,14.53466796875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,6.16939404296875,27.7267578125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Hydrogen|OC,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,6.16939404296875,27.7267578125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Non-Biomass Renewables,TWh/yr,341.643375,542.5941875,748.6855000000003,1051.951875,1369.736125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Nuclear,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Oil,TWh/yr,3.18516162109375,0.2407847290039061,0.1359065856933592,0.07356507873535138,0.05538587570190416, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Other,TWh/yr,3.181112827301025,2.09385140991211,1.014222834451124,0.04824026559758916,0.0029779903217275, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Solar,TWh/yr,93.0078671875,136.07178125,230.345984375,371.85346875,494.260625, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Solar|PV,TWh/yr,93.0078671875,136.07178125,230.345984375,371.85346875,494.260625, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Transmission Losses,TWh/yr,23.74943125,31.339375,40.90690625,56.71848749999999,72.4843125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Wind,TWh/yr,234.100828125,391.98775,503.804875,665.5637500000003,860.940875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Wind|Offshore,TWh/yr,118.9792578125,218.00365625,218.519734375,261.28190625,332.1206875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Wind|Onshore,TWh/yr,115.1215703125,173.98409375,285.28515625,404.281875,528.8201875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases,TWh/yr,673.9764059836667,534.9437833800505,357.6670012456475,194.9089969868432,60.49502141723622, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,31.05823729932436,33.17714654906916,25.14617193980955,23.24964106084784,28.26253457979883, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,-0.01262964153289778,1.790814697265625,4.814514160156249,12.129251953125,26.037294921875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,597.73446546498,466.7381690914158,298.2966927613147,141.1061739312584,0.0004926389943380556, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases|Other,TWh/yr,0.06885716247558583,1.769562866210938,11.8757177734375,13.9077900390625,6.1723720703125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat,TWh/yr,124.7786019154787,154.389234159708,174.9379654604197,195.772080486536,225.8683099658191, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.0,0.7927409040927889,0.7933115602731705,4.703827984094622,10.21780862304568, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Coal,TWh/yr,18.25017649378585,8.293718986621,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Electricity,TWh/yr,27.20051611328125,61.74431396484375,99.34522705078128,132.9875703125,166.915078125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Electricity|Heat Pumps,TWh/yr,23.42924218750001,54.95244921875,94.62399218750004,115.946875,121.7398203125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Electricity|Resistive,TWh/yr,3.77127392578125,6.79186474609375,4.72123486328125,17.0406953125,45.1752578125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Gas,TWh/yr,18.74339375000001,49.457204296875,42.94707945154364,37.72869034040803,33.02423850168008, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Geothermal,TWh/yr,0.9815757446289064,0.7043792114257813,0.4404357604980469,0.1939604644775389,0.02086534881591778, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Solar,TWh/yr,0.5803316040039064,2.151778564453125,4.7075361328125,8.034646484375003,12.25084765625, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,3.096205735895633,32.46576726397583,64.72063042667881,100.5809205709533,165.471262939218, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Electricity,TWh/yr,0.0806876694893836,29.31665325030397,62.71909002140536,100.5793433874683,165.4699457191261, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Fossil,TWh/yr,2.866390583801822,2.921552840499775,1.776698759455846,0.0012094083253425,1.549093462880825e-08, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Gas,TWh/yr,3.01551806640625,3.149114013671875,2.001540405273437,0.001577183485031111,0.001317220091819722, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids,TWh/yr,853.8433247129552,656.6451093586578,429.3338559672822,212.6228620709122,104.3651743581864, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,28.43203118065792,32.31405148869656,42.68232893404645,60.79017310282613,79.99528979845678, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Fossil,TWh/yr,825.1383446180455,622.5813506916655,382.3337797954072,141.2318435162247,1.144527873811441, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.01735875701904278,1.722045532226562,4.28455517578125,10.5534482421875,23.171048828125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Oil,TWh/yr,817.7868379610222,622.0488611200622,382.0366876320477,141.1218129008438,1.143751394493228, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Solids,TWh/yr,168.842234375,149.67711328125,109.45336328125,68.3500078125,19.7458885884285, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,102.458703125,103.1003125,82.52348437500001,60.74168359375,19.74301171875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,66.38353125,46.57680078125,26.92987890625,7.608324218750003,0.002876869678497222, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Residential and Commercial|Building Retrofits|High-Efficiency,million,0.0,0.0,0.0003681421486809,2.936924938906902e-05,0.046268215612701, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Residential and Commercial|High-Efficiency Buildings,million,0.00479967422683,0.00479967422683,0.005824827458449,0.006799636696378001,0.09271623111636701, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Residential and Commercial|Low-Efficiency Buildings,million,15.83090000854809,14.63247175974612,13.4239352809605,12.20529057257816,10.97653763421217, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Residential and Commercial|Medium-Efficiency Buildings,million,10.00399938722508,11.41888782602705,12.84285933158105,14.27698942072546,15.63628594467146, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating,million,23.6025667619222,23.79781555199223,23.99306433304218,24.18831312311221,24.38356190416216, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Biomass Boiler,million,2.010379301491134,2.275031381457385,1.99177130937805,1.665707321324354,0.67341827639368, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Biomass Boiler|HT,million,0.8812145156298661,0.8652214516029101,0.70724933274634,0.5421310279054751,0.173118225261846, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Biomass Boiler|LT,million,1.129164785861267,1.409809929854475,1.284521976631709,1.123576293418878,0.5003000511318341, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|CHP,million,0.170944269042366,0.113939975845297,0.05786119250287201,0.002861362719512,0.0002265929368853647, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|CHP|HT,million,0.170897447858303,0.113827473421226,0.057693390350904,0.002671446307564,8.231185305787224e-05, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|CHP|LT,million,4.682118406243245e-05,0.0001125024240709934,0.0001678021519675795,0.0001899164119474708,0.0001442810838274924, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|District Heating,million,3.651201130438204,4.651033291119032,5.585771089580603,6.216174314528911,6.799185138528034, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Gas Boiler,million,13.05388096396702,11.25666974002477,8.23579834110787,5.461844514723034,1.539864503007333, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Gas Boiler|HT,million,11.2919395704986,10.11504844678013,7.701366259837782,5.318158085156722,1.539103253550769, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Gas Boiler|LT,million,1.761941393468418,1.141621293244647,0.534432081270088,0.143686429566312,0.0007612494565636807, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump,million,0.7559295028640111,2.88270165756307,6.823621848069044,10.83148397424419,15.34883434902626, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical,million,0.7512078750021021,2.877679915630702,6.818456471017108,10.82630358857496,15.34828991927528, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Air,million,0.41695526853175,2.6288755427994,6.675655946835819,10.82079853737242,15.34697223895378, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Air|HT,million,0.15056925872265,2.131455671034938,5.109188399919585,7.449847848560609,9.196568951597909, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Air|LT,million,0.266386009809099,0.4974198717644621,1.566467546916234,3.37095068881181,6.150403287355871, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Ground,million,0.334252606470352,0.248804372831301,0.142800524181288,0.005505051202539001,0.001317680321499, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Ground|HT,million,0.07698071456357401,0.07698629789330601,0.055187205473852,0.0004508853665397194,0.0008726057214095646, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Ground|LT,million,0.257271891906777,0.171818074937994,0.08761331870743601,0.005054165836,0.0004450746000903904, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Gas,million,0.0001442754558780902,0.0001965339927342538,0.0002213143898803763,0.0002298485452725288,0.0001074973102160547, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Gas|HT,million,1.35277996013696e-05,4.389537685748041e-05,6.134313925085036e-05,6.987729464300281e-05,6.374001144458798e-05, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Gas|LT,million,0.0001307476562767205,0.0001526386158767734,0.0001599712506295259,0.0001599712506295259,4.375729877146673e-05, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Hybrid,million,0.00457735240603,0.004825207939634001,0.004944062662055,0.004950537123953,0.0004369324407547951, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Hybrid|HT,million,6.424367004722697e-05,0.000186343574532591,0.0002305644173101921,0.0002352494896518765,0.0001746790794324846, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Hybrid|LT,million,0.004513108735983,0.004638864365101,0.004713498244744,0.004715287634301,0.0002622533613223106, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Hydrogen Boiler,million,0.0001039706007897383,0.0001039706007897383,0.001300080175872,0.006728257277359001,0.022033003679618, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Hydrogen Boiler|HT,million,1.217710594241558e-06,1.217710594241558e-06,1.217710594241558e-06,1.217710594241558e-06,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Hydrogen Boiler|LT,million,0.0001027528901954968,0.0001027528901954968,0.001298862465278,0.006727039566765,0.022033003679618, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Hydrogen Fuel Cell,million,0.001650115116217,0.001650115116217,4.131195941944852e-07,4.131195941944852e-07,1.53341334089097e-08, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Hydrogen Fuel Cell|HT,million,0.001649717330756,0.001649717330756,1.53341334089097e-08,1.53341334089097e-08,1.53341334089097e-08, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Hydrogen Fuel Cell|LT,million,3.977854607855754e-07,3.977854607855754e-07,3.977854607855754e-07,3.977854607855754e-07,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Oil Boiler,million,3.958477508402453,2.616685420265657,1.296940059108272,0.003512965175256,2.525621941268032e-08, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Oil Boiler|HT,million,3.955040968548106,2.613248880411311,1.293503519253926,7.64253209099754e-05,2.525621941248473e-08, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Oil Boiler|LT,million,0.003436539854346,0.003436539854346,0.003436539854346,0.003436539854346,1.955917735904165e-19, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV,million,48.9766629339999,50.64108937399986,51.34071559399987,51.17648967399987,51.01226375399987, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|BEV,million,6.549972100761151,21.5593554743322,37.32535746831633,46.48121935219966,48.59511778695847, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|FCEV,million,0.001905828971403,0.001670828971403,0.00103335184933,0.003508814368002,0.011300062678669, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|ICE,million,38.91936240572996,25.87175793663399,12.89394026916217,4.691761507432203,2.405845904362728, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|PHEV,million,3.505422598537382,3.208305134062273,1.120384504672048,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck,million,5.997480578,6.413637016999953,6.778064106999953,7.152501696999953,7.536949785999953, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|BEV,million,0.138762381037974,1.457608529165994,3.636336856939486,5.745198763278888,6.414770981040813, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|FCEV,million,0.021410188080347,0.04946537889155801,0.053026981848132,0.164186429390408,0.7633562456374801, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|ICE,million,5.837308008881678,4.9065631089424,3.088700268212334,1.243116504330657,0.358822559321659, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Electricity|Volume,TWh/yr,45.8317900390625,35.285779296875,-32.4553984375,-12.822015625,66.75984375, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Gases|Hydrogen|Volume,TWh/yr,0.0,-1.944401274792059,-9.975318010639961,-19.96582842554531,-29.95775591399836, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Volume,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,-69.27767549264038,-188.9532351508308,-298.3894678175075, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFhoch,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Liquids|Hydrogen|Volume,TWh/yr,0.0,-1.169839242895473,0.0,-33.94295569916041,-98.97717616132765, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity,GW/yr,15.96277598448538,36.37231522954319,60.62840441947141,39.81900268580094,31.45106099575437, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Biomass,GW/yr,8.578109155311856e-05,0.0004628916231888,0.0006711854648845,0.0004517285776753,8.850783815268514e-05, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Coal,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Coal|Hard Coal,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Coal|Lignite,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas,GW/yr,7.776276916274798,10.30147797117716,26.89174911076702,4.072359304310389,1.492519492508297, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas|CC,GW/yr,1.03803147447266,2.405147044036286,4.271381562447407,3.626087024310389,1.046927049508297, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Gas|OC,GW/yr,6.738245441802137,7.896330927140873,22.62036754831961,0.44627228,0.445592443, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Hydro,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Hydrogen,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Hydrogen|OC,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Oil,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Solar,GW/yr,6.486110022384957,10.00323687,17.05670571522635,22.13397132123424,20.15295938330496, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Solar|PV,GW/yr,6.486110022384957,10.00323687,17.05670571522635,22.13397132123424,20.15295938330496, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Converter,GW/yr,0.008200025235753,0.0,0.05474856194990201,0.0,0.160815313472947, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Converter|Pump Hydro,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Converter|Stationary Batteries,GW/yr,0.008200025235753,0.0,0.05474856194990201,0.0,0.160815313472947, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Reservoir,GWh/yr,0.008200025235753,0.0,0.05474856194990201,0.0,0.160815313472947, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Pump Hydro,GWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Stationary Batteries,GWh/yr,0.008200025235753,0.0,0.05474856194990201,0.0,0.160815313472947, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Wind,GW/yr,1.700303264734076,16.06713749674284,16.67927840801315,13.61222033167863,9.805493612102952, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Wind|Offshore,GW/yr,1.7,1.354242283142535,2.100758610185717,5.061319394421137,5.86824435707522, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Electricity|Wind|Onshore,GW/yr,0.0003032647340757,14.71289521360031,14.57851979782744,8.550900937257495,3.937249255027732, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Gases,GW/yr,1.351215347454886,1.868364399484672,1.426555771360379,1.072664700919664,2.057320558725596, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Gases|Biomass,GW/yr,1.351215347454886,0.9517078478171511,0.426555771360379,0.07266470091966301,1.057320558725596, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Gases|Hydrogen,GW/yr,0.0,0.91665655166752,1.0,1.0,1.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat,GW/yr,1.588600582010893,2.821685867664531,4.002826304269643,3.94072202133987,3.082737718224663, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Geothermal,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.051048365323882,0.110965945143584,0.111083168116588, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Heat pump,GW/yr,1.197830183490447,2.2,2.903298889818103,2.499756076196286,1.862737345929575, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Solar thermal,GW/yr,0.390770398520446,0.621685867664531,1.048479049127658,1.33,1.1089172041785, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Heat|Storage Reservoir,GWh/yr,19.86229522919552,45.50587141679159,50.0,47.53007124889251,100.6480631339696, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen,GW/yr,0.015848893569418,0.9378840585111481,2.018041507429395,2.226665683946826,2.328639404154779, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Biomass,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Electricity,GW/yr,0.0,1.83996778293463,3.542830374906667,4.226136315744085,4.327911230021253, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Hydrogen|Gas,GW/yr,0.015848893569418,0.014572827244038,0.0,0.0005293682027414001,0.0007281741335261, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Liquids,GW/yr,0.003439183748856,0.002091817788594,0.526341179400173,1.021922712708221,1.188656178849336, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Liquids|Biomass,GW/yr,0.003439183748856,0.002091817788594,0.001552311922901,0.02192271270822,0.188656178849336, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity Additions|Liquids|Hydrogen,GW/yr,0.0,0.0,0.524788867477271,1.0,1.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Decentral Heat|Solar thermal,GW,16.76854153700629,20.04897330882973,29.29105744000407,42.15075416464201,51.6599085496179, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity,GW,260.6799138574603,376.0239137305443,539.2053227743754,700.1384864608522,839.908357015652, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Biomass,GW,7.758190478661589,5.489421842149151,3.222097708707247,1.5562495150392,0.8765185196070511, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Coal,GW,23.66164765625,12.426909375,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Coal|Hard Coal,GW,10.6016484375,8.1305453125,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Coal|Lignite,GW,13.05999921875,4.296364062499999,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas,GW,56.99953752310704,91.579052656223,128.5518040331906,147.3803554453951,150.9381849733375, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas|CC,GW,38.25562730288244,41.47077670937317,54.41549338620379,68.41075709101912,71.96858661896147, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Gas|OC,GW,18.74391022022459,50.10827594684983,74.13631064698686,78.96959835437599,78.96959835437599, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Hydro,GW,4.02051,4.02051,4.02051,4.02051,4.02051, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Hydrogen,GW,0.010225281,0.010225281,0.010225281,0.010225281,0.010225281, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Hydrogen|OC,GW,0.010225281,0.010225281,0.010225281,0.010225281,0.010225281, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Nuclear,GW,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Oil,GW,1.24,0.08,0.08,0.08,0.08, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar,GW,105.6555628709576,147.6232297409576,214.6596187420676,312.2350140124183,407.67096807454, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar|PV,GW,105.6555628709576,147.6232297409576,214.6596187420676,312.2350140124183,407.67096807454, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar|PV|Open Field,GW,35.87147602881258,77.87147602881258,123.2810526361065,153.7772048524458,169.3837558307856, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Solar|PV|Rooftop,GW,69.78408684214504,69.75175371214505,91.37856610596107,158.4578091599725,238.2872122437544, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Converter,GW,23.49533303659518,23.79506961170131,14.54348052654501,14.97536265991017,15.43185589838312, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Converter|Pump Hydro,GW,6.788555851,7.084233779,7.379911704,7.675589631,7.971267556, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Converter|Stationary Batteries,GW,16.70677718559518,16.71083583270131,7.16356882254501,7.29977302891017,7.460588342383118, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Reservoir,GWh,66.74556785491924,153.7458231749097,230.9300774624527,289.4269625825034,293.5419350316045, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Pump Hydro,GWh,0.717556882,0.748810323,0.7800637650000001,0.811317206,0.8425706470000001, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Stationary Batteries,GWh,16.70677718559518,16.71083583270131,7.16356882254501,7.29977302891017,7.460588342383118, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Storage Reservoir|Vehicles,GWh,49.32123378732408,136.2861770192084,222.9864448749076,281.3158723475932,285.2387760422213, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Wind,GW,68.36287710973409,124.6140980962145,197.4774133634099,245.8493785609995,287.6205965211676, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Wind|Offshore,GW,10.131573845,18.75660332899687,24.38877789599798,39.35876089168794,63.29053095803017, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Electricity|Wind|Onshore,GW,58.23130326473408,105.8574947672177,173.0886354674119,206.4906176693115,224.3300655631374, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Gases,GW,5.686079671858137,12.33597725359594,20.67880958068405,25.84694442087326,32.6049463566662, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Gases|Biomass,GW,5.591300376858137,10.88200615372176,14.24647361657179,14.41988087972106,16.177882815514, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Gases|Hydrogen,GW,0.094779295,1.453971099874177,6.432335964112268,11.42706354115221,16.42706354115221, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat,GW,54.02756340103608,65.81989901165473,79.35012419932741,91.2122168150853,101.3430478883325, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Biomass,GW,0.0,0.205668586672625,0.324018394151947,0.659274901538886,1.225647195446198, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Gas,GW,47.4471733968915,47.78211318094069,43.31894658430254,34.78753217045389,27.15058913656092, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Geothermal,GW,0.556728000056774,0.3825030652528421,0.351216044649812,0.6392327210420531,1.090834761038262, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Heat pump,GW,4.766355344683483,13.76477621454862,27.37189044775506,40.83444176495605,51.40282231402316, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Solar thermal,GW,1.257306659404322,3.684837964239951,7.984052728468056,14.29173525709442,20.47315448126393, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Heat|Storage Reservoir,GWh,54.16668345962263,226.4428422296692,471.791505747691,718.954159036253,1305.265341086653, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen,GW,3.863111883482405,5.495246956227233,13.6375923088223,21.76601985091106,33.27809074564299, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Biomass,GW,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Electricity,GW,0.22270115,3.122515672828749,18.65589895004585,38.71542049658347,60.31455115095928, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Hydrogen|Gas,GW,3.749111883482406,3.840624238272662,2.694906914041196,0.105371062425603,0.018311302781731, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Liquids,GW,6.935228446775644,6.789390962706032,7.891041520919519,12.16094469910276,17.63071567197059, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Liquids|Biomass,GW,6.921306591775643,6.775469107706032,6.610163929767052,6.533236532156951,7.003007505024776, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capacity|Liquids|Hydrogen,GW,0.013921855,0.013921855,1.280877591152468,5.627708166945812,10.62770816694581, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Building Retrofits,billion EUR2020/yr,3.366812791264445,8.59102219195781,14.28932481645149,20.1299094505832,26.26535824414463, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Renewable Heating,billion EUR2020/yr,3.143276885389265,6.204035671905012,11.0976897043253,15.55557099118333,19.45144960819917, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Energy Supply|Heat,billion EUR2020/yr,1.098244452923636,2.550472294775132,4.266695205209418,5.725408216248803,6.870942489697037, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Energy Supply|Heat|Geothermal,billion EUR2020/yr,0.03649798345036701,0.03649798345036701,0.059243882487369,0.138304903445801,0.232995427402378, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Energy Supply|Heat|Heat Pump,billion EUR2020/yr,0.230745033602002,0.7352760555994801,1.474309046769867,2.182048104966117,2.71881935965071, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Energy Supply|Heat|Renewable,billion EUR2020/yr,0.190190727323994,0.399852098773149,0.606591362226373,0.777203843806865,0.9121358370722521, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Energy Supply|Heat|Solarthermal,billion EUR2020/yr,0.017914590180932,0.05121354476114,0.105217297407887,0.179204878002302,0.248652923541394, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Energy Supply|Heat|Transmission and Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,0.6228961183663381,1.327632612190994,2.02133361631792,2.448646486027716,2.7583389420303, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Capital Cost|Annualized|Residential and Commercial,billion EUR2020/yr,7.132985795020048,16.12269047605382,27.40834813709471,38.13412692779424,48.4751467943741, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Carbon Intensity|Electricity,g CO2/kWh,261.0679895457499,126.2138870514202,32.88322494854915,11.30405030262964,0.04241766033551923, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Carbon Intensity|EndUse,g CO2/kWh,214.9695082713574,198.0998461926185,170.6184916682447,111.5647852555089,0.6421970817339698, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy,Mt CO2/yr,485.951145843205,340.8353364042957,174.0833240831811,66.53157628670238,0.208691435965482, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy incl Bunkers,Mt CO2/yr,511.6956989186405,364.0790671689992,195.0990428045109,83.82396657510105,0.263692615832391, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy incl Bunkers|Demand,Mt CO2/yr,342.769812805823,252.2054141561876,150.3652753861279,63.06981366999688,0.182980054149184, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand,Mt CO2/yr,317.0252597303875,228.9616833914841,129.3495566647981,45.77742338159821,0.127978874282275, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers,Mt CO2/yr,25.74455307543546,23.2437307647035,21.01571872132984,17.29239028839867,0.05500117986690901, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers|Aviation,Mt CO2/yr,24.90833557469087,22.37503948080009,20.13289680186983,16.47329639591397,0.05205046237599201, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Bunkers|Navigation,Mt CO2/yr,0.836218209067336,0.8686908167435311,0.8828219194600151,0.8190941438688101,0.002950717838034, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry,Mt CO2/yr,76.25262839326297,51.53220637011272,27.67192775665545,7.14863292943542,0.071360666679705, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Residential,Mt CO2/yr,70.54721864704823,50.82535408303942,28.64135899403056,10.16599829663575,0.01166999389949, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Residential and Commercial,Mt CO2/yr,105.229225645535,75.81181449656128,42.72185475456332,15.16374634159398,0.017407127380533, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation,Mt CO2/yr,135.5434056915896,101.6176625248101,58.95577415357928,23.4650441105688,0.039211080222035, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|Domestic Aviation,Mt CO2/yr,2.077943634644582,1.866606817400113,1.679559162626526,1.374262022120415,0.004342237927161, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|LDV,Mt CO2/yr,80.25684457849377,53.20956526308981,24.85922023591686,7.076356550694388,0.013269821734149, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|Other transport,Mt CO2/yr,0.237232634550732,0.246445030279879,0.250453992558525,0.232374593593583,0.0008371099510118352, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|Rail,Mt CO2/yr,0.8988193011232021,0.6818461324031401,0.517565634119026,0.331804399432557,0.0007047739115597949, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Demand|Transportation|Truck,Mt CO2/yr,52.07259662937566,45.61325241251933,31.64898006108443,14.45024944939677,0.020057137133347, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2/yr,168.9258861128175,111.8736530128116,44.73376741838302,20.75415290510418,0.08071256168320601, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Electricity,Mt CO2/yr,139.5762640750348,84.63784940149131,28.58557447111567,12.2674436416964,0.05640852644773801, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Heat,Mt CO2/yr,28.26303713998798,22.71257475537919,15.51711490719829,8.469352007389949,0.024292803736611, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|CO2|Energy|Supply|Hydrogen,Mt CO2/yr,1.086584897794668,4.52322885594119,0.631078040069045,0.017357256017824,1.123149885678299e-05, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy,Mt CO2/yr,485.951145843205,340.8353364042957,174.0833240831811,66.53157628670238,0.208691435965482, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Demand|Industry,Mt CO2/yr,76.25262839326297,51.53220637011272,27.67192775665545,7.14863292943542,0.071360666679705, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply,Mt CO2/yr,168.9258861128175,111.8736530128116,44.73376741838302,20.75415290510418,0.08071256168320601, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Electricity,Mt CO2/yr,159.4462806650853,102.7601551362878,42.58842295038325,20.47792085255981,0.08049155021812601, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Heat,Mt CO2/yr,8.393020549937459,4.590269020582697,1.514266427930715,0.258874796526543,0.0002097799662231943, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Emissions|Gross Fossil CO2|Energy|Supply|Hydrogen,Mt CO2/yr,1.086584897794668,4.52322885594119,0.631078040069045,0.017357256017824,1.123149885678299e-05, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Energy Service|Residential|Floor Space,bn m2/yr,3.971816669578612,4.005088736277729,4.038360801439747,4.071632868138864,4.104904933300883, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy,TWh/yr,2092.728918726181,1900.354351333618,1663.938676216126,1455.197364189996,1318.273020784017, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy incl Non-Energy Use incl Bunkers,TWh/yr,2201.262788599228,2007.627237075806,1815.080898872376,1650.189997002496,1557.151380159017, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers,TWh/yr,106.4818203125,97.17853125000003,90.57678125000002,83.97060156250004,77.36868750000002, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation,TWh/yr,103.0231484375,93.5466640625,86.77185937500002,79.99314062500001,73.21799218750003, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids,TWh/yr,103.0231484375,93.5466640625,86.77185937500002,79.99314062500001,73.21799218750003, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,3.388449026727894,4.044736839653519,5.806424139735948,10.42221067858671,16.15836447325067, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0013749386042125,0.001498718823175278,0.4339417578325411,3.678146681904769,56.85142899961858, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Aviation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,99.63332447216791,89.5004285040233,80.53149347743154,65.89278326450852,0.2081987146307531, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Liquids,TWh/yr,106.4818203125,97.17853125000003,90.57678125000002,83.97060156250004,77.36868750000002, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,3.502205338065291,4.201770200032844,6.061034221667356,10.94042930999169,17.07437494653757, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.001421097759241111,0.001556905267039722,0.4529699830975709,3.861033422384855,60.07431114658259, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,102.9781938766755,92.97520414470014,84.06277704523508,69.16913883012347,0.2200014068798575, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation,TWh/yr,3.4586748046875,3.631865234375,3.804921875,3.977462158203125,4.15069580078125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids,TWh/yr,3.4586748046875,3.631865234375,3.804921875,3.977462158203125,4.15069580078125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.1137564076953192,0.1570332759308108,0.2546100819314078,0.518218790448936,0.9160105810449227, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,4.615919412779236e-05,5.818641257327775e-05,0.01902822526502972,0.1828867966089636,3.222882526098772, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Bunkers|Navigation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,3.344872237798052,3.474773772031617,3.531283567803564,3.276356571145225,0.01180269363755444, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Electricity,TWh/yr,497.60525,599.7866875,739.9136875000003,860.68175,915.7894375, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases,TWh/yr,596.938325575088,472.1014858398439,312.0891429443358,172.1056059807675,47.88463447393311, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,33.7480805813297,56.92710457452839,59.70505835572467,55.13912539012094,30.69685858615644, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,-0.01584931131235833,2.51023691391061,14.40921002677885,24.49305684004817,17.09132618637076, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,563.2060943050706,412.664144351405,237.9748745618324,92.47342375059836,0.09644970140590722, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Heat,TWh/yr,114.83928125,136.544671875,158.56965625,172.99525,184.73415625, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.6879331297099911,1.990455070781024,8.899580705903212,18.95646818715124,28.22853101503808, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use,TWh/yr,588.7378624441372,552.5160734100341,515.0830948486331,475.6938759087461,449.69023582281, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Electricity,TWh/yr,244.8242031250001,293.66096875,346.7416875,389.2775,393.89753125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases,TWh/yr,195.7483739149317,141.7586953125,85.16241796875003,32.1874994439022,4.770731001032725, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,11.0666908347375,17.09359600520521,16.29222691494181,10.31221823204354,3.058318320692517, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,-0.005197315675914444,0.753752997002773,3.931963654111842,4.580735467191083,1.702803427067365, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,184.6868803958701,123.911346310292,64.93822739969636,17.29454574466758,0.0096092532728425, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Heat,TWh/yr,11.252716796875,13.47938671875,16.02570703125,18.05125390625,20.251876953125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.051563766529005,0.3039730457185064,3.014864857709058,9.624410695320785,19.08864357621779, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids,TWh/yr,46.662359375,31.4065234375,17.02659375,3.8042412109375,0.07486790466308584, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,1.534733005223257,1.357943905602304,1.139351232986958,0.4956500402755933,0.01652248108356695, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0006227520731152777,0.0005031665032419444,0.08514914944768694,0.1749219630314414,0.05813253326318722, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,45.12700361770364,30.04807636539444,15.80209336756536,3.133669207630466,0.000212890316331474, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids,TWh/yr,90.195310546875,72.10161328125,48.85695703125,24.4106416015625,11.93977168273926, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,30.712919921875,30.27371875,24.591669921875,17.299798828125,11.733955078125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry excl Non-Energy Use|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,59.482390625,41.82789453125,24.265287109375,7.110842773437501,0.2058166046142578, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases,TWh/yr,195.7483739149317,141.7586953125,85.16241796875003,32.1874994439022,4.770731001032725, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,11.0666908347375,17.09359600520521,16.29222691494181,10.31221823204354,3.058318320692517, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,-0.005197315675914444,0.753752997002773,3.931963654111842,4.580735467191083,1.702803427067365, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,184.6868803958701,123.911346310292,64.93822739969636,17.29454574466758,0.0096092532728425, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,2.106948246002198,10.20324040222168,61.83517297363283,118.9847709960938,180.26512890625, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids,TWh/yr,46.662359375,31.4065234375,17.02659375,3.8042412109375,0.07486790466308584, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,1.534733005223257,1.357943905602304,1.139351232986958,0.4956500402755933,0.01652248108356695, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.0006227520731152777,0.0005031665032419444,0.08514914944768694,0.1749219630314414,0.05813253326318722, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,45.12700361770364,30.04807636539444,15.80209336756536,3.133669207630466,0.000212890316331474, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids,TWh/yr,90.195310546875,72.10161328125,48.85695703125,24.4106416015625,11.93977168273926, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,30.712919921875,30.27371875,24.591669921875,17.299798828125,11.733955078125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Industry|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,59.482390625,41.82789453125,24.265287109375,7.110842773437501,0.2058166046142578, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids,TWh/yr,726.2725000000003,529.3512500000003,304.60796875,117.6385703125,55.0407734375, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,23.8872271240787,22.88789796460456,20.38314121243219,15.32698871609794,12.14686242440523, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.009692774027711943,0.008480780051295,1.523329318528559,5.409112752396611,42.73740005261086, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,702.3755801018939,506.4548712553442,282.7014982190394,96.90246884400548,0.1565109604839228, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use,TWh/yr,2.052049560546875,10.0943544921875,60.56544140625,111.02203125,161.509671875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Non-Energy Use|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,2.052049560546875,10.0943544921875,60.56544140625,111.02203125,161.509671875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential,TWh/yr,615.1587961826148,570.5871613567567,511.1308440693178,454.933065596003,399.4674323398689, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial,TWh/yr,911.6428370998265,851.6740371661518,771.6786766608883,696.067509443212,621.4414052644624, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Electricity,TWh/yr,222.59328125,236.739171875,271.6989062500001,303.680375,335.20478125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases,TWh/yr,396.381875,327.25440625,225.55796875,139.58359375,42.779734375, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,22.40956374444729,39.46110394871513,43.15097782565103,44.71973608486075,27.42431827849866, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,-0.01052433637829972,1.740062498103068,10.41405065959651,19.86471548195235,15.26924873504975, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,373.9828355919311,286.053239803182,171.9929402647525,74.99914218318692,0.0861673614515925, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Heat,TWh/yr,103.5865625,123.06528125,142.543953125,154.944,164.48228125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.1138686471177044,0.561172008415367,4.709658013000836,7.705450609203036,3.962349186036194, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids,TWh/yr,122.780328125,75.37650000000002,34.3933359375,0.0660712890625,5.373787716962397e-07, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,4.038266056185222,3.259101855202978,2.301463832536986,0.0086083492788875,1.185932827961106e-07, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.001638616325916111,0.001207613125569167,0.1719993643324397,0.003038009143479444,4.172574277474755e-07, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,118.7404234524889,72.11619053167146,31.91987274063058,0.0544249306401325,1.528061152653552e-09, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Solar,TWh/yr,5.528965820312499,8.883361328125002,13.729041015625,20.083837890625,21.81080078125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Solids,TWh/yr,60.651171875,80.24450000000003,83.66790624999999,77.21015625,56.18915625, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,60.651171875,80.24450000000003,83.66790624999999,77.21015625,56.18915625, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Electricity|Heat Pumps,TWh/yr,6.01369970703125,18.294939453125,48.4455390625,76.35990625000001,103.012046875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Electricity|Resistive,TWh/yr,0.2088208160400389,2.07347265625,6.88260546875,10.94969140625,15.8219619140625, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Residential and Commercial|Space and Water Heating,TWh/yr,695.2720406570436,635.3032622985838,555.3079094924927,479.69675390625,405.0706130862069, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Solids,TWh/yr,150.846484375,152.34611328125,132.524865234375,101.6207958984375,68.12892597961425, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,91.36409375,110.51821875,108.259578125,94.509953125,67.923109375, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,59.482390625,41.82789453125,24.265287109375,7.110842773437501,0.2058166046142578, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation,TWh/yr,592.34825,496.16425,377.17690625,283.43596875,247.14140625, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation,TWh/yr,8.594564453125003,7.804001464843752,7.238822753906252,6.673317382812499,6.10810986328125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Liquids,TWh/yr,8.594564453125003,7.804001464843752,7.238822753906252,6.673317382812499,6.10810986328125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.2826766993440206,0.3374265938598772,0.4843929297389347,0.8694585453869567,1.347989236864182, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.000114702361869336,0.0001250285513509713,0.03620099296124223,0.3068443118636364,4.742751936230891, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Aviation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,8.311773051419111,7.466449842432522,6.718228831206075,5.497014525561908,0.01736869018617639, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation,TWh/yr,0.9812158203125,1.030349487304687,1.079445190429688,1.128394287109375,1.177540161132812, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Liquids,TWh/yr,0.9812158203125,1.030349487304687,1.079445190429688,1.128394287109375,1.177540161132812, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.03227235666715138,0.04454987861710389,0.07223213443134527,0.1470171429310294,0.2598695011568845, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,1.309522695504123e-05,1.650731414688431e-05,0.005398251769558056,0.05188444497345472,0.9143222705889844, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Domestic Navigation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,0.9489303684183936,0.9857831013734364,1.001814804228784,0.9294926992048907,0.003348389386943333, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Electricity,TWh/yr,30.18775390625,69.3865625,121.4731015625,167.723875,186.687125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases,TWh/yr,4.80807666015625,3.08838427734375,1.368756225585938,0.3345127868652344,0.3341690979003905, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.2718260021449284,0.3724046206080356,0.2618536151318331,0.1071710732166511,0.2142219869652728, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases|Efuel,TWh/yr,-0.0001276592581437715,0.01642141880476805,0.0631957130705011,0.04760589090473139,0.1192740242536453, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,4.536378317269467,2.699558237930948,1.043706897383603,0.1797358227438517,0.0006730866814722222, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.5225007275323295,1.125310511451599,1.175057955387353,1.626602750270697,5.177543844573753, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV,TWh/yr,348.762125,265.83059375,176.514875,119.047359375,104.3634609375, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Electricity,TWh/yr,16.098427734375,42.81062890625,69.0717578125,84.56335156249999,85.57096875000002, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Gases,TWh/yr,3.349773193359375,2.118109130859375,0.8859738159179689,0.2369829864501953,0.2365995025634764, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.004815362930297778,0.004302139759063611,0.003193457126617222,0.00964402389526361,0.02501345443725583, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Liquids,TWh/yr,329.30909375,220.8975625,106.5539453125,34.237375,18.53087890625, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,10.8310325896007,9.55108894355092,7.130161837062788,4.460746665824233,4.089550757006139, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.004394932523246111,0.003539018074349722,0.5328709868146547,1.574261071255187,14.38863474624287, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|LDV|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,318.4736662278761,211.3429345383747,98.89091248862259,28.20236726292059,0.05269340300099139, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids,TWh/yr,556.8298125,422.56825,253.18803125,113.7682578125,54.96590625, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,18.31422806267021,18.27085321718143,16.94232562412714,14.82273032654346,12.13034010159126, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.007431405628680278,0.006770000797978055,1.266180765678508,5.231152780221689,42.67926807620186, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,538.5081530317011,404.2906267820206,234.9795248601944,93.71437470573485,0.1562980722068775, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail,TWh/yr,15.44447265625,14.5775703125,13.95755859375,13.338091796875,12.7182607421875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Electricity,TWh/yr,11.7268740234375,11.7268740234375,11.7268740234375,11.7268740234375,11.7268740234375, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Liquids,TWh/yr,3.7175986328125,2.85069580078125,2.23068408203125,1.61121826171875,0.9913865966796878, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.12227245682324,0.1232573543869178,0.1492684148446711,0.2099237014776111,0.218787561423745, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,4.961477059035397e-05,4.567123262592994e-05,0.01115554027190278,0.07408506600518501,0.769779982056528, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Rail|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,3.595276561218669,2.727392775161706,2.070260126914676,1.327209494235954,0.002819053199414166, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck,TWh/yr,218.56603125,206.922046875,178.38621875,143.248875,122.77371875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Electricity,TWh/yr,2.362451660156251,14.8490546875,40.67446875,71.43365625,89.38927343750002, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Gases,TWh/yr,1.4584814453125,0.9705550537109378,0.4828043212890625,0.09755609893798804,0.09757151794433583, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.5177723999023439,1.116779174804688,1.143801025390625,1.599706420898438,5.128880859375, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Liquids,TWh/yr,214.227328125,189.98565625,136.085140625,70.117953125,28.157990234375, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,7.045973574803405,8.214531117076678,9.106270757314412,9.135584302732425,6.214142937382283, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Liquids|Efuel,TWh/yr,0.002859060589621667,0.003043775873878055,0.6805550274368667,3.22407789735,21.86377876194781, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Final Energy|Transportation|Truck|Liquids|Petroleum,TWh/yr,207.178495489607,181.7680813570494,126.2983148402487,57.75829092491758,0.08006853504490138, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Buildings|Energiewende,billion EUR2020/yr,24.84153247558082,38.50131876267309,39.56948815124007,39.00644866258794,35.91689612438991,35.6173742966892 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial,billion EUR2020/yr,21.85857450004243,35.64785234001705,37.79188956704707,37.85028802280424,35.71342122361018,35.45766562591474 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Building Retrofits|High-Efficiency,billion EUR2020/yr,0.002466086919321607,0.001068366133194317,0.0041802817234408,0.0038734983391382,0.002581101584086,0.003149456724972 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Building Retrofits|Medium-Efficiency,billion EUR2020/yr,16.69390439148807,24.37223583034089,24.63779468564572,25.55586293846745,26.70622532361075,26.83416839882543 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Biomass Boiler,billion EUR2020/yr,0.9557897840043666,0.7241801085869972,0.4325237413597254,0.2991367876397774,0.2148149181371336,0.20826995975449 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|CHP,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0002548687173884786,0.0004397812798018088,0.0001621200343703627,0.0002680821362764733,0.0005520149948462443,0.0006254224925407037 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Gas Boiler,billion EUR2020/yr,2.560867316866383,0.8338730160124802,0.0264898035267928,0.004367244591461695,0.0880971467684682,0.10591726299742 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Heat Pump,billion EUR2020/yr,1.118628492129763,8.850035385916392,11.25948282221467,10.40758007705699,7.544355378387737,7.19132066504317 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Hydrogen Boiler,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0009339677225017331,0.0,0.008046624009803056,0.0263458214460402,0.0297490181949768,0.029705185436422 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Hydrogen Fuel Cell,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Oil Boiler,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Space Heating|Solar Thermal,billion EUR2020/yr,0.4006179335828582,0.6193023102439055,0.9526321520038215,0.9748731591492706,0.646925946817647,0.5987383500524881 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity,billion EUR2020/yr,14.20632084036047,39.07628095443478,43.12596538748495,39.04159940747657,33.55360403826224,32.65608100027941 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Biomass,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0002936461580496152,0.001331235792241694,0.0019200516953928,0.001334144660222387,0.0003498097574178692,0.0002583090100035929 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Electricity Storage,billion EUR2020/yr,0.603783466219985,0.0004560209058091395,0.0068008287935212,0.0008292072291134062,0.0106997590416252,0.017832931736042 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Gas,billion EUR2020/yr,2.515683201790894,5.123096216585999,6.758972846356898,2.753899717833984,0.755214087066719,0.5107270740036101 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Hydrogen,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Solar,billion EUR2020/yr,4.863732819711909,5.382854625229484,9.632027388591379,12.43925668848806,11.28996041785381,11.1497488717177 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Transmission and Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,0.617017601579869,2.9271344782981,3.206361450661379,3.258437574456796,3.524854543217887,3.422601077140865 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Wind,billion EUR2020/yr,6.209593571119746,25.64186439852894,23.5266836501799,20.58867128203751,17.98322518036641,17.57274566840723 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Wind Offshore,billion EUR2020/yr,2.244987460504202,5.576801973020266,5.147404450488033,10.13420385458306,12.54064499255371,12.39235131876473 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Electricity|Wind Onshore,billion EUR2020/yr,3.964606110615545,20.06506242550867,18.37927919969186,10.45446742745444,5.442580187812693,5.180394349642497 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Energiewende,billion EUR2020/yr,14.93302625875009,39.90743638118666,44.65443854284926,40.56255131394416,35.13457039795129,34.23990898429107 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat|Geothermal,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0061869262246422,0.00617318259172,0.1618653292476796,0.3520643658591018,0.3257712699832258,0.316992155980701 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat|Heatpump,billion EUR2020/yr,1.105882942889358,1.901073662061637,2.389068852662955,2.015358525673742,1.519609417391801,1.455752715726475 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat|Solarthermal,billion EUR2020/yr,0.09883073277938141,0.1389508150815438,0.2205298884722756,0.2608858426186824,0.2224086790678206,0.213154387633437 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Heat|Transmission and Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,3.108324502867557,3.10062374543923,2.248338040756106,1.734409135897822,0.6841472908891179,0.646105017854806 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen|Electrolysis,billion EUR2020/yr,0.0158167859382936,0.4038687294878286,0.7607046144706479,0.7597347952505107,0.7845619419135461,0.7824911697550431 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Investment|Energy Supply|Hydrogen|Transmission and Distribution,billion EUR2020/yr,0.1071051662313418,0.4268306763582556,0.7609677121001439,0.7603879039879659,0.7857046587338741,0.783503882520577 -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Energy,billion EUR2020/yr,116.4828474887721,126.4270060140122,126.5918475743206,118.0764915004837,102.443053699213, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Energy|Biomass,billion EUR2020/yr,5.592602871955835,10.74970309753811,12.31886391374244,12.58012981532313,9.014782937180268, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Energy|Electricity|Heating,billion EUR2020/yr,1.051591714535289,3.719697926373335,10.33050575117119,16.34549530926418,21.01837421244386, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Energy|Electricity|Non-Heating,billion EUR2020/yr,56.69172674781041,57.89571548022342,56.1101672377583,54.00990543269199,51.02648943549243, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Energy|Fossil,billion EUR2020/yr,43.20647128773624,39.34200589194815,26.86736194430175,11.89966053554964,0.015005921165763, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Energy|Heat,billion EUR2020/yr,9.92956655767823,14.69370984438451,20.94564383472027,23.13732470884267,21.16902343390636, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Energy|Hydrogen,billion EUR2020/yr,0.010888309056109,0.026173773544616,0.019304892626656,0.103975698812055,0.199377759024287, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Energy|Other Non-Fossil,billion EUR2020/yr,-0.0009500132725080246,0.411020162676918,2.295950543527848,4.135151646544728,3.12361255106406, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,OM Cost|Energy Demand|Residential and Commercial|Non-Energy,billion EUR2020/yr,2.144712481028506,2.166254505528959,2.299910430312977,2.29248036649798,2.087011793289392, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy,TWh/yr,2531.468400833793,2237.546153518285,1873.802702479492,1654.476232969589,1570.208726493884, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass,TWh/yr,241.1008168556708,271.3171923972129,277.1880715711665,272.140921920434,280.3937479409066, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Electricity,TWh/yr,11.54259393795794,32.78688727946939,60.07737219559323,69.18858086756889,112.8460735972465, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Gases,TWh/yr,41.3074492015863,72.08778593931319,72.24950841683,64.87058362897037,36.85964406687397, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Heat,TWh/yr,2.830779021637964,3.566687084212728,2.139915524456394,0.8758937358376542,0.3963805033714083, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Biomass|Liquids,TWh/yr,27.73802973867961,27.22508415779189,26.59391564171969,26.71725367037714,32.66836280761756, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal,TWh/yr,386.7507693662669,208.7061151801982,24.26517694438481,7.111535674321628,0.2099892650070078, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Electricity,TWh/yr,327.252859375,166.881671875,0.0,0.0006473441123961112,0.004166545867919722, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Hard Coal,TWh/yr,194.7071160934948,145.5257220123948,24.26517694438481,7.111535674321628,0.2099892650070078, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Lignite,TWh/yr,192.0436532727722,63.18039316780339,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Coal|Solids,TWh/yr,59.482390625,41.82789453125,24.265287109375,7.110842773437501,0.2058166046142578, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Fossil,TWh/yr,2018.153837090915,1499.593495605935,862.3850058472906,370.7088564593108,0.9799868537585091, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas,TWh/yr,817.2764648074904,690.901624867818,471.0619882860431,197.4252970892682,0.3932368295370383, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Electricity,TWh/yr,207.1376918048553,233.1199585879331,222.4759167124878,103.5835965171276,0.2956635120808403, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Gases,TWh/yr,563.2060943050708,412.664144351405,237.9748745618325,92.47342375059833,0.09644970140590722, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Heat,TWh/yr,41.54983675992403,22.72407774111598,7.496518773961703,1.281531896022007,0.001038435933534445, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Gas|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,5.379162943846669,22.39219612235687,3.124211359342778,0.08592523301889142,5.559726321972864e-05, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Geothermal,TWh/yr,0.9891473388671874,0.6854679565429689,0.6347739868164064,1.16642138671875,2.01343017578125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Geothermal|Heat,TWh/yr,0.9891473388671874,0.6854679565429689,0.6347739868164064,1.16642138671875,2.01343017578125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Hydro,TWh/yr,14.53466796875,14.53466796875,14.53466796875,14.53466796875,14.53466796875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Non-Biomass Renewables,TWh/yr,272.213746887207,466.6354655151367,734.2296250610353,1011.626454589844,1288.834991699219, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Nuclear,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Oil,TWh/yr,814.1266029171577,599.9857555579192,367.0578406168627,166.1720236957209,0.3767607592144628, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Oil|Electricity,TWh/yr,9.0599560546875,0.6202949829101564,0.3037122497558594,0.1146793136596678,0.07745958709716778, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Oil|Liquids,TWh/yr,814.1266029171577,599.9857555579192,367.0578406168627,166.1720236957209,0.3767607592144628, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Solar,TWh/yr,101.4769472045898,152.5399545898437,231.7283081054688,343.338740234375,446.9161435546875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Solar|Heat,TWh/yr,0.9308348999023439,2.70050927734375,5.85238427734375,10.382787109375,14.6973330078125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Primary Energy|Wind,TWh/yr,155.212984375,298.875375,487.331875,652.5866250000003,825.3707500000002, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating,million,1.166139847009307,1.184748237334739,1.095534606356472,1.102586053606985,1.031418931062657, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Biomass Boiler,million,0.252236779823321,0.181858471323046,0.134864114842454,0.1007757696012,0.084559209013034, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Biomass Boiler|HT,million,0.079136772143686,0.105674505459722,0.071790250790213,0.045672044231735,0.034641768522382, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Biomass Boiler|LT,million,0.173100007679634,0.076183965863323,0.06307386405224001,0.05510372536946401,0.04991744049065101, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|CHP,million,4.100081648582647e-05,9.212288939398263e-05,2.29949347496817e-05,5.799774767266002e-05,0.0001576127933314702, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|CHP|HT,million,4.100081648582647e-05,9.212288939398263e-05,1.117479672933288e-06,0.0,9.866591953081563e-05, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|CHP|LT,million,0.0,0.0,2.187745507674841e-05,5.799774767266002e-05,5.894687380065461e-05, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|District Heating,million,0.273177724243004,0.341636768687909,0.310571956058584,0.298299958492831,0.264607935890101, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Gas Boiler,million,0.613148354925901,0.200550590248727,0.006545792047903001,0.0010084024492,0.033214367961533, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Gas Boiler|HT,million,0.6090350157593231,0.188685121128569,0.0,0.0,0.032476520471671, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Gas Boiler|LT,million,0.004113339166577,0.011865469120157,0.006545792047903001,0.0010084024492,0.0007378474898619862, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump,million,0.027535987200594,0.460610284185662,0.641539833304245,0.695957840144636,0.640423282195408, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical,million,0.027531648105199,0.460603850334964,0.641539833304245,0.695956196309303,0.640405485762032, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Air,million,0.02748502523493,0.460559596359805,0.641538837051676,0.6959373166012041,0.6402995876288741, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Air|HT,million,0.027436898144291,0.460559596359805,0.636717239726684,0.67518921383293,0.593018210897667, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Air|LT,million,4.812709063905604e-05,0.0,0.004821597324991001,0.020748102768274,0.04728137673120601, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Ground,million,4.66228702692764e-05,4.42539751586763e-05,9.962525698516386e-07,1.887970809951071e-05,0.000105898133158189, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Ground|HT,million,3.88053677561729e-06,1.118843700999306e-05,9.962525698516386e-07,1.887970809951071e-05,7.883256869032075e-05, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Ground|LT,million,4.274233349365911e-05,3.306553814868322e-05,0.0,0.0,2.706556446786826e-05, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Gas,million,4.339095394528833e-06,6.433850697761383e-06,0.0,1.64383533236231e-06,1.77964333765409e-05, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Gas|HT,million,3.614399759818087e-06,3.359502501465623e-06,0.0,9.901260071010555e-08,5.96411096578339e-06, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Gas|LT,million,7.246956347107463e-07,3.074348196295759e-06,0.0,1.544822731652205e-06,1.18323224107575e-05, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Hybrid,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Hybrid|HT,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Hybrid|LT,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Hydrogen Boiler,million,0.0,0.0,0.001989915168533,0.006486085171444,0.008456523209247, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Hydrogen Boiler|HT,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Hydrogen Boiler|LT,million,0.0,0.0,0.001989915168533,0.006486085171444,0.008456523209247, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Hydrogen Fuel Cell,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Hydrogen Fuel Cell|HT,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Hydrogen Fuel Cell|LT,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Oil Boiler,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Oil Boiler|HT,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Space Heating|Oil Boiler|LT,million,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV,million,3.117098444029512,3.108787730032363,3.173297877025717,2.833264531801422,2.82660097915951, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|BEV,million,2.493678755223617,2.797908957029149,3.173021043763309,2.832135282446413,2.824891491458065, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|FCEV,million,0.0002467410365229,0.0,0.000168132650954,0.0006960476334987,0.0009330758875423999, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|ICE,million,0.621437334769673,0.310878773003214,0.0,0.0,0.0002153646712922, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|LDV|PHEV,million,0.001735612999698,0.0,0.0001087006114541,0.0004332017215104,0.0005610471426102001, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck,million,0.3955880543204761,0.394742269296666,0.413835254275047,0.418621656571713,0.416930086524094, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|BEV,million,0.003955880543204,0.251916623801276,0.380253727623612,0.403581331352845,0.361407173098687, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|FCEV,million,0.011977697569496,0.0,0.001091058563048,0.015040325218868,0.04906021518122, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Sales|Transportation|Truck|ICE,million,0.379654476207774,0.14282564549539,0.032490468088386,0.0,0.006462698244186001, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy,TWh/yr,2291.944227636041,2115.939307838327,1938.759919509192,1828.385901698417,1849.41561507925, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Efuel|Electricity,TWh/yr,-0.001708452586174445,0.941808276638062,7.087426979821472,17.08625788130328,42.13697319340906, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Electricity|Heat,TWh/yr,6.316062721252441,18.93473178100586,37.02874192047119,51.25216401672363,75.15706948852541, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Electricity|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,-0.01531019592285139,11.7443505191803,68.44809936523438,112.9147333984375,186.3995078125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Hydrogen|Electricity,TWh/yr,-0.002954351492858334,0.3289094720900175,5.655925955414464,9.726345924399716,10.25065816603954, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Hydrogen|Gases,TWh/yr,-0.01030182869195917,1.615282752878383,7.941774802014594,17.91903524838645,35.04147982721836, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy Input|Hydrogen|Liquids,TWh/yr,0.01483861743450139,0.01567082873518,1.522146554286596,8.051406806583744,20.37019515777398, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity,TWh/yr,534.6356875,670.5906250000003,869.3056875,1085.2255,1329.835875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Biomass,TWh/yr,23.65504660893172,20.34572873894785,27.07485202194961,33.11902444367114,52.45851953873166, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Coal,TWh/yr,118.30823828125,62.134546875,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Coal|Hard Coal,TWh/yr,53.0082421875,40.6527265625,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Coal|Lignite,TWh/yr,65.29999609375,21.4818203125,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Curtailment,TWh/yr,0.004844563007354722,0.1249768905639647,3.293537353515625,9.139030273437502,26.869158203125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Fossil,TWh/yr,244.5640936252017,192.7667013201979,119.5812343725821,57.73630359940289,0.1971073777196961, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas,TWh/yr,121.6008708715371,132.4849104212084,128.6297602827379,74.19639840789135,29.38589848437775, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas|Autoproduction,TWh/yr,35.9783125,24.945068359375,14.1794619140625,3.941099609375,0.01333989810943583, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas|CC,TWh/yr,84.37518423621428,92.1901702830913,92.09829453051348,63.44570748224092,26.82166889158022, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Gas|OC,TWh/yr,1.247374135322759,15.34967177874215,22.35200383816188,6.809591316275458,2.550889694688091, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Hydro,TWh/yr,14.53466796875,14.53466796875,14.53466796875,14.53466796875,14.53466796875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,3.997361287474633e-05,1.082449685782194e-05,8.022213354706764e-06,1.218812260776759e-05,5.491125048138203e-07, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Hydrogen|OC,TWh/yr,3.997361287474633e-05,1.082449685782194e-05,8.022213354706764e-06,1.218812260776759e-05,5.491125048138203e-07, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Non-Biomass Renewables,TWh/yr,264.1641562500001,453.4010625,712.5219374999999,977.8115,1247.944, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Nuclear,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Oil,TWh/yr,3.79352734375,0.2598738098144531,0.1269735946655272,0.04773429870605445,0.032224727630615, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Other,TWh/yr,3.113810592651367,1.964480377197265,0.9521818304723131,0.05085685304459166,0.01530178262403917, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Solar,TWh/yr,94.4164921875,139.991015625,210.655390625,310.69025,408.03853125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Solar|PV,TWh/yr,94.4164921875,139.991015625,210.655390625,310.69025,408.03853125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Transmission Losses,TWh/yr,20.289096875,26.98096875,38.8758625,52.179125,64.83228749999999, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Wind,TWh/yr,155.212984375,298.875375,487.331875,652.5866250000003,825.3707500000002, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Wind|Offshore,TWh/yr,41.3824765625,77.08205468749999,100.8313984375,163.679203125,264.7260625000001, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Electricity|Wind|Onshore,TWh/yr,113.8305078125,221.7933125,386.50046875,488.90740625,560.6446874999999, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases,TWh/yr,637.2306448436943,502.5447510822409,332.0557836899736,183.7112922466498,70.51330661098689, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases|Biomass,TWh/yr,33.74808058132972,56.92710457452839,59.70505835572467,55.13912539012094,30.69685858615644, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,-0.008241478919982777,1.20615087890625,5.90729541015625,13.3224814453125,26.048455078125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases|Natural Gas,TWh/yr,563.2060943050708,412.664144351405,237.9748745618325,92.47342375059836,0.09644970140590722, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Gases|Other,TWh/yr,-0.01475768470764139,1.08776171875,12.65919921875,18.968748046875,13.6349013671875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat,TWh/yr,124.1323114083409,141.053575131774,163.5031212062836,186.268665292263,215.8375281825066, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.0,1.645546582579613,2.592172536849976,5.274460580348969,9.80450279188156, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Coal,TWh/yr,18.88839127820723,6.812455062756547,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Electricity,TWh/yr,22.11182266235351,58.44668286132814,99.92847949218753,129.5250234375,158.42223828125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Electricity|Heat Pumps,TWh/yr,21.90865234375,54.63332421875,86.957375,108.2540625,115.2689921875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Electricity|Resistive,TWh/yr,0.2031703186035156,3.813358642578125,12.9711044921875,21.2709609375,43.15324609375, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Gas,TWh/yr,17.526921875,49.169991796875,42.94707945154364,37.72869034040803,33.02423850168008, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Geothermal,TWh/yr,0.9815757446289064,0.7043792114257813,0.4404357604980469,0.1939604644775389,0.02086534881591778, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Heat|Solar,TWh/yr,0.9308348999023439,2.70050927734375,5.85238427734375,10.382787109375,14.6973330078125, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,3.273472354691028,22.29366012458232,46.69312228403558,72.99970076773874,120.043234660209, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Biomass,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Electricity,TWh/yr,-0.01098638554334639,7.517570280832314,44.32885299692619,72.9074022600483,120.0271945162424, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Fossil,TWh/yr,3.098858122757386,12.91578750569559,1.802807626443443,0.0495925682639225,3.230821563304875e-05, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Gas,TWh/yr,3.284458740234375,14.77608984375,2.364269287109375,0.09229850769042948,0.01604014396667472, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids,TWh/yr,841.8256271543138,627.1105832184797,394.6773395945239,198.5599474933283,45.05674464593322, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Biomass,TWh/yr,27.3894325585019,27.08966909357104,26.44417491131844,26.26741818513359,29.22123775556372, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Fossil,TWh/yr,814.1266029171577,599.9857555579192,367.0578406168627,166.1720236957209,0.3767607592144628, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Hydrogen,TWh/yr,0.01123493671417222,0.01004699039459222,1.154157104492187,6.104623046875,15.43946875, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Liquids|Oil,TWh/yr,805.3537768118597,599.4300959551414,366.7642680136256,166.0716086796592,0.376512372319578, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Solids,TWh/yr,150.846484375,152.34611328125,132.524865234375,101.6207958984375,68.12892597961425, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Solids|Biomass,TWh/yr,91.36409375,110.51821875,108.259578125,94.509953125,67.923109375, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Secondary Energy|Solids|Coal,TWh/yr,59.482390625,41.82789453125,24.265287109375,7.110842773437501,0.2058166046142578, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Residential and Commercial|Building Retrofits|High-Efficiency,million,3.324118868377397e-05,1.371122507728283e-05,7.152297362662104e-05,6.716129996185283e-05,5.202879697641195e-05, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Residential and Commercial|High-Efficiency Buildings,million,0.004847627757367,0.004909841918554,0.005128920311473001,0.005504027876337,0.005685837674312, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Residential and Commercial|Low-Efficiency Buildings,million,15.46850081212785,13.66088790133704,11.83398254685519,9.923974935520832,7.841351719206418, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Residential and Commercial|Medium-Efficiency Buildings,million,10.36635063011478,12.39036151674441,14.43350797283334,16.55960066660283,18.85850225311927, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating,million,23.6025667619222,23.79781555199223,23.99306433304218,24.18831312311221,24.38356190416216, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Biomass Boiler,million,1.944939739918401,2.857507919665547,3.338740267948585,3.569234664934446,3.119537384543205, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Biomass Boiler|HT,million,0.8899327760437211,1.20515158237586,1.4926506743987,1.600731129389459,1.420468770535122, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Biomass Boiler|LT,million,1.055006963874679,1.652356337289688,1.846089593549885,1.968503535544987,1.699068614008083, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|CHP,million,0.17100671783622,0.114332976820121,0.058419381579273,0.003605513738933,0.001424570623501, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|CHP|HT,million,0.170944237927945,0.114270496911846,0.058317715471842,0.003278302473745,0.0008241387808825421, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|CHP|LT,million,6.247990827520461e-05,6.247990827520461e-05,0.0001016661074305971,0.0003272112651881704,0.000600431842618657, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|District Heating,million,3.727533657605445,4.733913078783506,5.835117272134766,6.773271635931916,7.725465570763663, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Gas Boiler,million,13.09244605402761,11.71607577061605,8.821903457740165,6.062585402706098,2.129782304576008, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Gas Boiler|HT,million,11.32518229278561,10.52234410662288,8.187133430638793,5.803925255957732,2.01778136660391, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Gas Boiler|LT,million,1.767263761242001,1.193731663993171,0.6347700271013701,0.258660146748365,0.112000937972098, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump,million,0.7055501659051331,1.756687467614415,4.637934746569571,7.748240554534348,11.33774402637897, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical,million,0.700898826456357,1.752003560533669,4.633241565206727,7.743545140212886,11.33764635506147, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Air,million,0.366592386437651,1.503087850949492,4.490409099828175,7.738268246415283,11.33696622066217, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Air|HT,million,0.104382187317278,1.326523955423171,4.388011421922011,7.651492552685859,11.06883426014688, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Air|LT,million,0.262210199120373,0.176563895526321,0.102397677906162,0.08677569372942301,0.268131960515275, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Ground,million,0.334306440018706,0.248915709584176,0.142832465378552,0.005276893797603001,0.0006801343993072102, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Ground|HT,million,0.07694574091924501,0.076993818770634,0.05511402453091,0.0001176058213978263,0.0003830487025692744, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Electrical|Ground|LT,million,0.25736069909946,0.171921890813542,0.087718440847642,0.005159287976205001,0.0002970856967379357, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Gas,million,0.0001399156287981682,0.0001724832607686838,0.0001817575428666919,0.0001839905014841266,9.767131749885711e-05, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Gas|HT,million,1.007032422579082e-05,3.027095171488998e-05,3.355046944077656e-05,3.364948204148667e-05,4.067797254244031e-05, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Gas|LT,million,0.0001298453045723774,0.0001422123090537939,0.0001482070734259154,0.0001503410194426399,5.699334495641685e-05, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Hybrid,million,0.004511423819977,0.004511423819977,0.004511423819977,0.004511423819977,3.911835471808331e-19, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Hybrid|HT,million,6.665837993663045e-06,6.665837993663045e-06,6.665837993663045e-06,6.665837993663045e-06,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Heat Pump|Hybrid|LT,million,0.004504757981984,0.004504757981984,0.004504757981984,0.004504757981984,3.911835471808331e-19, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Hydrogen Boiler,million,0.0009628031107105621,0.0009628031107105621,0.004008734841955,0.027861972971614,0.06960800668646301, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Hydrogen Boiler|HT,million,1.217710594241558e-06,1.217710594241558e-06,1.217710594241558e-06,1.217710594241558e-06,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Hydrogen Boiler|LT,million,0.0009615854001163205,0.0009615854001163205,0.004007517131361001,0.027860755261019,0.06960800668646301, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Hydrogen Fuel Cell,million,0.001650115116217,0.001650115116217,4.131195941944852e-07,4.131195941944852e-07,1.53341334089097e-08, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Hydrogen Fuel Cell|HT,million,0.001649717330756,0.001649717330756,1.53341334089097e-08,1.53341334089097e-08,1.53341334089097e-08, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Hydrogen Fuel Cell|LT,million,3.977854607855754e-07,3.977854607855754e-07,3.977854607855754e-07,3.977854607855754e-07,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Oil Boiler,million,3.958477508402453,2.616685420265657,1.296940059108272,0.003512965175256,2.525621941268032e-08, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Oil Boiler|HT,million,3.955040968548106,2.613248880411311,1.293503519253926,7.64253209099754e-05,2.525621941248473e-08, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Space Heating|Oil Boiler|LT,million,0.003436539854346,0.003436539854346,0.003436539854346,0.003436539854346,1.955917735904165e-19, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV,million,48.7246009280295,48.23993303680852,46.80923324536851,45.38676931572186,43.97254122926996, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|BEV,million,6.347494065034963,19.48482976074154,33.11987897154565,40.96908796663996,41.55955538037573, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|FCEV,million,0.001929015997373,0.001694015997373,0.001040713346878,0.002100921448012,0.006508286349278001, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|ICE,million,38.86909522453003,25.54479122760246,12.56749200816392,4.415580427633885,2.406477562544949, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|LDV|PHEV,million,3.506082622467141,3.20861803246714,1.120821552312069,0.0,0.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck,million,5.984439610320476,6.109757041851427,6.230845547287428,6.347705128591238,6.460335784776, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|BEV,million,0.138631971361179,0.9073935214062371,2.495228374791747,4.388308457543109,5.492544662683104, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|FCEV,million,0.021016636809337,0.045324768002271,0.046416397465432,0.064944722308808,0.208222569418304, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Stock|Transportation|Truck|ICE,million,5.82479100214996,5.157038752442919,3.689200775030248,1.894451948739321,0.7595685526745911, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Electricity|Volume,TWh/yr,11.345232421875,21.171302734375,-5.41142578125,13.2676328125,76.6911015625, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Gases|Hydrogen|Volume,TWh/yr,0.0,-1.908843533119067,-9.955974969379092,-20.0,-30.0, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Hydrogen|Volume,TWh/yr,0.0,-8.274125489602994,-69.74515487751546,-138.7288486362313,-193.8835026390233, -REMod v1.0,KN2045_NFniedrig,Deutschland,Trade|Secondary Energy|Liquids|Hydrogen|Volume,TWh/yr,0.0,0.0,-0.8237240660356611,-3.171128367787528,-87.44006914873952, diff --git a/ariadne-data/costs/mean/costs_2020.csv b/ariadne-data/costs/mean/costs_2020.csv deleted file mode 100644 index 150b4b810..000000000 --- a/ariadne-data/costs/mean/costs_2020.csv +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1238 +0,0 @@ -technology,parameter,value,unit,source,further description,currency_year -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,FOM,6.4,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,VOM,0.6142,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,electricity-input,1.5,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,investment,711.9042,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,lifetime,40.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,FOM,18.1,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,VOM,0.2389,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,electricity-input,1.633,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,investment,566.0884,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,FOM,18.1,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,VOM,1.0919,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,electricity-input,1.62,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,investment,984.8823,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW, -Ammonia cracker,FOM,4.3,%/year,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 7.","Estimated based on Labour cost rate, Maintenance cost rate, Insurance rate, Admin. cost rate and Chemical & other consumables cost rate.",2015.0 -Ammonia cracker,ammonia-input,1.46,MWh_NH3/MWh_H2,"ENGIE et al (2020): Ammonia to Green Hydrogen Feasibility Study (https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/880826/HS420_-_Ecuity_-_Ammonia_to_Green_Hydrogen.pdf), Fig. 10.",Assuming a integrated 200t/d cracking and purification facility. Electricity demand (316 MWh per 2186 MWh_LHV H2 output) is assumed to also be ammonia LHV input which seems a fair assumption as the facility has options for a higher degree of integration according to the report)., -Ammonia cracker,investment,1123945.3807,EUR/MW_H2,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 6.",Calculated. For a small (200 t_NH3/d input) facility. Base cost for facility: 51 MEUR at capacity 20 000m^3_NH3/h = 339 t_NH3/d input. Cost scaling exponent 0.67. Ammonia density 0.7069 kg/m^3. Conversion efficiency of cracker: 0.685. Ammonia LHV: 5.167 MWh/t_NH3.; and Calculated. For a large (2500 t_NH3/d input) facility. Base cost for facility: 51 MEUR at capacity 20 000m^3_NH3/h = 339 t_NH3/d input. Cost scaling exponent 0.67. Ammonia density 0.7069 kg/m^3. Conversion efficiency of cracker: 0.685. Ammonia LHV: 5.167 MWh/t_NH3.,2015.0 -Ammonia cracker,lifetime,25.0,years,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 7.",,2015.0 -BEV Bus city,FOM,0.0001,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,Motor size,300.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,efficiency,0.97,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,investment,409373.5872,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Coach,FOM,0.0001,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,Motor size,250.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,efficiency,0.9613,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,investment,489913.3908,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,Motor size,400.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,efficiency,1.5362,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,investment,325191.1729,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,lifetime,10.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,Motor size,330.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,efficiency,0.9603,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,investment,338623.152,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,Motor size,490.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,efficiency,1.6988,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,investment,360694.2014,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),FOM,0.9,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),efficiency,0.68,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),investment,33000.0,EUR/PKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (trucks),FOM,14.0,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (trucks),2020.0 -Battery electric (trucks),investment,204067.0,EUR/LKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (trucks),2020.0 -Battery electric (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (trucks),2020.0 -BioSNG,C in fuel,0.324,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,C stored,0.676,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,CO2 stored,0.2479,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,FOM,1.608,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Fixed O&M",2020.0 -BioSNG,VOM,2.8712,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Variable O&M",2020.0 -BioSNG,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -BioSNG,efficiency,0.6,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Bio SNG Output",2020.0 -BioSNG,investment,2658.5,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Specific investment",2020.0 -BioSNG,lifetime,25.0,years,TODO,"84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -BtL,C in fuel,0.2455,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,C stored,0.7545,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,CO2 stored,0.2767,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,FOM,2.4,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Fixed O&M",2020.0 -BtL,VOM,1.1299,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Variable O&M",2020.0 -BtL,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -BtL,efficiency,0.35,per unit,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Electricity Output",2020.0 -BtL,investment,3638.1722,EUR/kW_th,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Specific investment",2017.0 -BtL,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Technical lifetime",2020.0 -CCGT,FOM,3.3295,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -CCGT,VOM,4.6562,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Variable O&M",2015.0 -CCGT,c_b,1.8,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -CCGT,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -CCGT,efficiency,0.56,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -CCGT,investment,931.235,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Nominal investment",2015.0 -CCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -CH4 (g) fill compressor station,FOM,1.7,%/year,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0 -CH4 (g) fill compressor station,investment,1654.96,EUR/MW_CH4,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station cost.","Assume same ratio as between H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station, i.e. 1:19 , due to a lack of reliable numbers.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) fill compressor station,lifetime,20.0,years,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,FOM,1.5,%/year,Assume same as for H2 (g) pipeline in 2050 (CH4 pipeline as mature technology).,"Due to lack of numbers, use comparable H2 pipeline assumptions.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,electricity-input,0.01,MW_e/1000km/MW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: 112 6 gas Main distri line.","Assumption for gas pipeline >100MW, 0.1% per station and spacing of 100km yields 1%/1000km. Electric compression.",2015.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,investment,87.22,EUR/MW/km,Guesstimate.,"Based on Arab Gas Pipeline: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Gas_Pipeline: cost = 1.2e9 $-US (year = ?), capacity=10.3e9 m^3/a NG, l=1200km, NG-LHV=39MJ/m^3*90% (also Wikipedia estimate from here https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_of_combustion). Presumed to include booster station cost.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,lifetime,50.0,years,Assume same as for H2 (g) pipeline in 2050 (CH4 pipeline as mature technology).,"Due to lack of numbers, use comparable H2 pipeline assumptions.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,FOM,3.0,%/year,"d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material.",-,2015.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,electricity-input,0.01,MW_e/1000km/MW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: 112 6 gas Main distri line.","Assumption for gas pipeline >100MW, 0.1% per station and spacing of 100km yields 1%/1000km. Electric compression.",2015.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,investment,119.3173,EUR/MW/km,Kaiser (2017): 10.1016/j.marpol.2017.05.003 .,"Based on Gulfstream pipeline costs (430 mi long pipeline for natural gas in deep/shallow waters) of 2.72e6 USD/mi and 1.31 bn ft^3/d capacity (36 in diameter), LHV of methane 13.8888 MWh/t and density of 0.657 kg/m^3 and 1.17 USD:1EUR conversion rate = 102.4 EUR/MW/km. Number is without booster station cost. Estimation of additional cost for booster stations based on H2 (g) pipeline numbers from Guidehouse (2020): European Hydrogen Backbone report and Danish Energy Agency (2021): Technology Data for Energy Transport, were booster stations make ca. 6% of pipeline cost; here add additional 10% for booster stations as they need to be constructed submerged or on plattforms. (102.4*1.1).",2014.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,lifetime,30.0,years,"d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material.",-,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,capacity,58300.0,t_CH4,"Calculated, based on Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",based on 138 000 m^3 capacity and LNG density of 0.4226 t/m^3 .,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,investment,159791465.6831,EUR,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,lifetime,25.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2015.0 -CH4 evaporation,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 evaporation,investment,91.1101,EUR/kW_CH4,"Calculated, based on Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306","based on 100 MUSD-2005/(1 bcm/a), 1 bcm = 10.6 TWh, currency exchange rate: 1.15 USD=1 EUR.",2005.0 -CH4 evaporation,lifetime,30.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,electricity-input,0.036,MWh_el/MWh_CH4,"Pospíšil et al. (2019): Energy demand of liquefaction and regasification of natural gas and the potential of LNG for operative thermal energy storage (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.09.027), Table 2 and Table 3. alternative source 2: https://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/methane (accessed 2021-02-10).","Assuming 0.5 MWh/t_CH4 for refigeration cycle based on Table 2 of source; cleaning of gas presumed unnecessary as it should be nearly pure CH4 (=SNG). Assuming energy required is only electricity which is for Table 3 in the source provided with efficiencies of ~50% of LHV, making the numbers consistent with the numbers in Table 2.", -CH4 liquefaction,investment,241.443,EUR/kW_CH4,"Calculated, based on Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306","based on 265 MUSD-2005/(1 bcm/a), 1 bcm = 10.6 TWh, currency exchange rate: 1.15 USD=1 EUR.",2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,lifetime,25.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,methane-input,1.0,MWh_CH4/MWh_CH4,"Pospíšil et al. (2019): Energy demand of liquefaction and regasification of natural gas and the potential of LNG for operative thermal energy storage (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.09.027), Table 2 and Table 3. alternative source 2: https://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/methane (accessed 2021-02-10).","For refrigeration cycle, cleaning of gas presumed unnecessary as it should be nearly pure CH4 (=SNG). Assuming energy required is only electricity which is for Table 3 in the source provided with efficiencies of ~50% of LHV, making the numbers consistent with the numbers in Table 2.", -CO2 liquefaction,FOM,5.0,%/year,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,,2004.0 -CO2 liquefaction,carbondioxide-input,1.0,t_CO2/t_CO2,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,"Assuming a pure, humid, low-pressure input stream. Neglecting possible gross-effects of CO2 which might be cycled for the cooling process.", -CO2 liquefaction,electricity-input,0.123,MWh_el/t_CO2,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,, -CO2 liquefaction,heat-input,0.0067,MWh_th/t_CO2,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,For drying purposes., -CO2 liquefaction,investment,16.7226,EUR/t_CO2/h,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,"Plant capacity of 20 kt CO2 / d and an uptime of 85%. For a high purity, humid, low pressure input stream, includes drying and compression necessary for liquefaction.",2004.0 -CO2 liquefaction,lifetime,25.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on CH4 liquefaction.",,2004.0 -CO2 pipeline,FOM,0.9,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",,2015.0 -CO2 pipeline,investment,2116.4433,EUR/(tCO2/h)/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",Assuming the 120-500 t CO2/h range that is based on cost of a 12 inch onshore pipeline.,2015.0 -CO2 pipeline,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",,2015.0 -CO2 storage tank,FOM,1.0,%/year,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, pg. 2746 .","Assuming a 3000m^3 pressurised steel cylinder tanks and a CO2 density of 1100 kg/m^3 (close to triple point at -56.6°C and 5.2 bar with max density of 1200kg/m^3 ). Lauri et al. report costs 3x higher per m^3 for steel tanks, which are consistent with other sources. The numbers reported are in rather difficult to pinpoint as systems can greatly vary.",2013.0 -CO2 storage tank,investment,2584.3462,EUR/t_CO2,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, Table 3.","Assuming a 3000m^3 pressurised steel cylinder tanks and a CO2 density of 1100 kg/m^3 (close to triple point at -56.6°C and 5.2 bar with max density of 1200kg/m^3 ). Lauri et al. report costs 3x higher per m^3 for steel tanks, which are consistent with other sources. The numbers reported are in rather difficult to pinpoint as systems can greatly vary.",2013.0 -CO2 storage tank,lifetime,25.0,years,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, pg. 2746 .","Assuming a 3000m^3 pressurised steel cylinder tanks and a CO2 density of 1100 kg/m^3 (close to triple point at -56.6°C and 5.2 bar with max density of 1200kg/m^3 ). Lauri et al. report costs 3x higher per m^3 for steel tanks, which are consistent with other sources. The numbers reported are in rather difficult to pinpoint as systems can greatly vary.",2013.0 -CO2 submarine pipeline,FOM,0.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",,2015.0 -CO2 submarine pipeline,investment,4232.8865,EUR/(tCO2/h)/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",Assuming the 120-500 t CO2/h range that is based on cost of a 12 inch offshore pipeline.,2015.0 -Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,FOM,1.6,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,investment,629102.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,FOM,2.2,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,investment,2243051.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,FOM,2.2,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,investment,2243051.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,FOM,1.8,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,investment,1283.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,FOM,0.9265,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.64 (p.86) Figure 4.14","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,efficiency,0.7211,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.52^0.5']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,investment,946180.9426,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Turbine Compressor BOP EPC Management']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-store,FOM,0.43,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB 4.5.2.1 Fixed O&M p.62 (p.84)","{'carrier': ['pair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-store,investment,5448.7894,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.64 (p.86)","{'carrier': ['pair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Cavern Storage']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['pair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,investment,188018.4103,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,efficiency,0.4343,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,investment,752073.6414,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Concrete-store,FOM,0.3231,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['concrete'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Concrete-store,investment,29432.5788,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['concrete'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -Concrete-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['concrete'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -"Container feeder, ammonia",efficiency,0.7754,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container feeder, ammonia",investment,41959454.4301,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container feeder, ammonia",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container feeder, diesel",efficiency,0.7718,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, diesel",2023.0 -"Container feeder, diesel",investment,34966212.0251,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, diesel",2023.0 -"Container feeder, diesel",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, diesel",2023.0 -"Container feeder, methanol",efficiency,0.7711,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, methanol",2023.0 -"Container feeder, methanol",investment,38462833.2276,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, methanol",2023.0 -"Container feeder, methanol",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, methanol",2023.0 -"Container, ammonia",efficiency,1.7094,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container, ammonia",investment,143583536.7421,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container, ammonia",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container, diesel",efficiency,1.6399,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, diesel",2023.0 -"Container, diesel",investment,119652947.2851,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, diesel",2023.0 -"Container, diesel",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, diesel",2023.0 -"Container, methanol",efficiency,1.7001,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, methanol",2023.0 -"Container, methanol",investment,131618242.0136,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, methanol",2023.0 -"Container, methanol",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, methanol",2023.0 -Diesel Bus city,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,Motor size,250.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,efficiency,2.4356,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,investment,150756.2732,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,Motor size,350.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,efficiency,2.5466,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,investment,231296.0768,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,FOM,0.0005,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,Motor size,380.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,efficiency,3.5523,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,investment,142012.114,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,lifetime,10.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,Motor size,220.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,efficiency,2.4961,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,investment,155444.0931,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,Motor size,382.3529,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,efficiency,3.625,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,investment,177515.1425,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,FOM,0.0001,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,Motor size,364.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,VOM,0.0979,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,efficiency,1.7805,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,investment,382675.3098,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Coach,FOM,0.0001,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,Motor size,364.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,efficiency,1.7747,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,investment,889942.5809,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,Motor size,475.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,efficiency,2.7537,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,investment,348679.5032,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,lifetime,10.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,Motor size,350.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,efficiency,1.8629,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,investment,293681.0517,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,Motor size,350.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,efficiency,3.0727,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,investment,315752.1011,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FT fuel transport ship,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -FT fuel transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_FTfuel,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -FT fuel transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -FT fuel transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.1.",,2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,VOM,5.636,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",102 Hydrogen to Jet: Variable O&M,2020.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -Fischer-Tropsch,carbondioxide-input,0.36,t_CO2/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","Input per 1t FT liquid fuels output, carbon efficiency increases with years (4.3, 3.9, 3.6, 3.3 t_CO2/t_FT from 2020-2050 with LHV 11.95 MWh_th/t_FT).", -Fischer-Tropsch,efficiency,0.799,per unit,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.2.",,2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,electricity-input,0.008,MWh_el/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","0.005 MWh_el input per FT output, output increasing from 2020 to 2050 (0.65, 0.7, 0.73, 0.75 MWh liquid FT output).", -Fischer-Tropsch,hydrogen-input,1.531,MWh_H2/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","0.995 MWh_H2 per output, output increasing from 2020 to 2050 (0.65, 0.7, 0.73, 0.75 MWh liquid FT output).", -Fischer-Tropsch,investment,819108.478,EUR/MW_FT,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 8: “Reference scenario”.","Well developed technology, no significant learning expected.",2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (04/2022), Data sheet “Methanol to Power”.",,2017.0 -Gasnetz,FOM,2.5,%,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz,2020.0 -Gasnetz,investment,28.0,EUR/kWGas,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz,2020.0 -Gasnetz,lifetime,30.0,years,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz,2020.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),FOM,6.25,%/year,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , figure 7 and pg. 12 .",Assuming ca. 10 EUR/m^3/a (center value between stand alone and addon facility).,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),investment,137.8999,EUR/m^3,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 8F .",Assumed 20% lower than for product storage. Crude or middle distillate tanks are usually larger compared to product storage due to lower requirements on safety and different construction method. Reference size used here: 80 000 – 120 000 m^3 .,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),lifetime,30.0,years,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 11.",,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),FOM,6.25,%/year,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , figure 7 and pg. 12 .",Assuming ca. 10 EUR/m^3/a (center value between stand alone and addon facility).,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),investment,172.3748,EUR/m^3,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 8F .",Assumed at the higher end for addon facilities/mid-range for stand-alone facilities. Product storage usually smaller due to higher requirements on safety and different construction method. Reference size used here: 40 000 - 60 000 m^3 .,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),lifetime,30.0,years,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 11.",,2012.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.76 (p.98) Sentence 1 in 4.7.2 Operating Costs","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['1.5 percent of capital cost']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,efficiency,0.9274,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.36","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.86^0.5']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,investment,415570.5177,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 0% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,lifetime,41.7,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.36","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-store,investment,187325.7928,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 15% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['gravity'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Gravitational Capital (SB+BOS)']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-store,lifetime,41.7,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.36","{'carrier': ['gravity'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.76 (p.98) Sentence 1 in 4.7.2 Operating Costs","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['1.5 percent of capital cost']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,efficiency,0.9014,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level ((0.785+0.84)/2)^0.5']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,investment,365630.713,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 0% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-store,investment,144713.4654,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 15% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['gravitywa'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Gravitational Capital (SB+BOS)']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['gravitywa'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.76 (p.98) Sentence 1 in 4.7.2 Operating Costs","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['1.5 percent of capital cost']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,efficiency,0.9014,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level ((0.785+0.84)/2)^0.5']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,investment,905158.9602,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 0% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-store,investment,113887.5264,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 15% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['gravitywu'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Gravitational Capital (SB+BOS)']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['gravitywu'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -H2 (g) fill compressor station,FOM,1.7,%/year,"Guidehouse 2020: European Hydrogen Backbone report, https://guidehouse.com/-/media/www/site/downloads/energy/2020/gh_european-hydrogen-backbone_report.pdf (table 3, table 5)","Pessimistic (highest) value chosen for 48'' pipeline w/ 13GW_H2 LHV @ 100bar pressure. Currency year: Not clearly specified, assuming year of publication. Forecast year: Not clearly specified, guessing based on text remarks.",2020.0 -H2 (g) fill compressor station,investment,4738.7164,EUR/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), pg. 164, Figure 14 (Fill compressor).","Assumption for staging 35→140bar, 6000 MW_HHV single line pipeline. Considering HHV/LHV ration for H2.",2015.0 -H2 (g) fill compressor station,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), pg. 168, Figure 24 (Fill compressor).",,2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, > 6000 MW_HHV single line pipeline, incl. booster station investments. Considering LHV by scaling with LHV/HHV=0.8462623413.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,electricity-input,0.021,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,investment,303.6845,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 4.4 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, > 6000 MW_HHV single line pipeline, incl. booster station investments. Considering LHV by scaling with LHV/HHV=0.8462623413.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.",Same as for new H2 (g) pipeline.,2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,electricity-input,0.021,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,investment,129.4682,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line repurposed pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 0.8 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.",Same as for new H2 (g) pipeline.,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,FOM,3.0,%/year,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,electricity-input,0.021,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,investment,456.1165,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line offshore pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 7.48 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,lifetime,30.0,years,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,FOM,3.0,%/year,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,electricity-input,0.021,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,investment,160.1562,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line repurposed offshore pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 1.5 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,lifetime,30.0,years,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (l) storage tank,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.",Assuming currency year and technology year here (25 EUR/kg).,2015.0 -H2 (l) storage tank,investment,793.7456,EUR/MWh_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.","Assuming currency year and technology year here (25 EUR/kg). Future target cost. Today’s cost potentially higher according to d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material pg. 16.",2015.0 -H2 (l) storage tank,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.",Assuming currency year and technology year here (25 EUR/kg).,2015.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,capacity,11000.0,t_H2,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,investment,393737000.0,EUR,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,lifetime,20.0,years,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 evaporation,FOM,2.5,%/year,"DNV GL (2020): Study on the Import of Liquid Renewable Energy: Technology Cost Assessment, https://www.gie.eu/wp-content/uploads/filr/2598/DNV-GL_Study-GLE-Technologies-and-costs-analysis-on-imports-of-liquid-renewable-energy.pdf .",,2020.0 -H2 evaporation,investment,146.8405,EUR/kW_H2,"IRENA (2022): Global Hydrogen Trade to Meet the 1.5° Climate Goal: Technology Review of Hydrogen Carriers, https://www.irena.org/publications/2022/Apr/Global-hydrogen-trade-Part-II , pg. 62f.","Pessimistic assumption for large scale facility / near-term estimate for medium sized facility, in between low / mid estimate with e.g. DNV numbers (Fig. 3.15).; and Optimistic assumption for large scale facility 2500 t/d, cf Fig. 3.15 .",2022.0 -H2 evaporation,lifetime,20.0,years,Guesstimate.,Based on lifetime of liquefaction plant.,2015.0 -H2 liquefaction,FOM,2.5,%/year,"DNV GL (2020): Study on the Import of Liquid Renewable Energy: Technology Cost Assessment, https://www.gie.eu/wp-content/uploads/filr/2598/DNV-GL_Study-GLE-Technologies-and-costs-analysis-on-imports-of-liquid-renewable-energy.pdf .",,2020.0 -H2 liquefaction,electricity-input,0.203,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"Heuser et al. (2019): Techno-economic analysis of a potential energy trading link between Patagonia and Japan based on CO2 free hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.12.156), table 1.","6.78 kWh/kg_H2, considering H2 with LHV of 33.3333 MWh/t", -H2 liquefaction,hydrogen-input,1.017,MWh_H2/MWh_H2,"Heuser et al. (2019): Techno-economic analysis of a potential energy trading link between Patagonia and Japan based on CO2 free hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.12.156), table 1.",corresponding to 1.65% losses during liquefaction, -H2 liquefaction,investment,889.9426,EUR/kW_H2,"IRENA (2022): Global Hydrogen Trade to Meet the 1.5° Climate Goal: Technology Review of Hydrogen Carriers, https://www.irena.org/publications/2022/Apr/Global-hydrogen-trade-Part-II , pg. 62f.","Assumption for a 200t/d facility (Pessimistic long-term or optimistic short-term value).; and Assumption for a large >300t/d, e.g. 2500 t/d facility (Optimistic long-term value without change in base technology mentioned in report).",2022.0 -H2 liquefaction,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2022.0 -H2 pipeline,FOM,3.0,%/year,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -H2 pipeline,investment,282.5452,EUR/MW/km,Welder et al https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.05.059, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -H2 pipeline,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,FOM,5.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,VOM,0.5118,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,electricity-input,0.097,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification,investment,1467.9399,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification,wood-input,1.804,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification CC,FOM,5.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification CC,VOM,0.5232,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification CC,electricity-input,0.143,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification CC,investment,1489.0957,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification CC,wood-input,1.804,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification,FOM,5.9,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification,VOM,0.6677,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification,coal-input,1.77,MWh_coal/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification,electricity-input,0.07,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification,investment,526.0516,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification CC,FOM,7.9,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification CC,VOM,0.2275,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification CC,coal-input,1.77,MWh_coal/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification CC,electricity-input,0.111,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification CC,investment,591.9076,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,FOM,5.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,VOM,0.1592,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,electricity-input,0.063,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,investment,491.1331,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,lifetime,25.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,oil-input,1.3,MWh_oil/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,FOM,4.9,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,VOM,0.3298,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,electricity-input,0.02,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,gas-input,1.32,MWh_NG/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,investment,228.8467,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,FOM,5.2,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,VOM,0.6028,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,electricity-input,0.05,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,gas-input,1.52,MWh_NG/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,investment,310.2851,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,FOM,4.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,VOM,0.7393,EUR/MWh,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,electricity-input,0.044,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,investment,590.6564,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,wood-input,1.36,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -HVAC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVAC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVAC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,investment,165803.0398,EUR/MW,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC submarine,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0 -HVDC submarine,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1,2017.0 -HVDC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0 -HVDC underground,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 -HVDC underground,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1 (same as for HVDC submarine),2017.0 -HVDC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 -Haber-Bosch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,VOM,0.0225,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Variable O&M,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,electricity-input,0.2473,MWh_el/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), table 11.",Assume 5 GJ/t_NH3 for compressors and NH3 LHV = 5.16666 MWh/t_NH3., -Haber-Bosch,hydrogen-input,1.1484,MWh_H2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.","178 kg_H2 per t_NH3, LHV for both assumed.", -Haber-Bosch,investment,1785.0713,EUR/kW_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,nitrogen-input,0.1597,t_N2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.",".33 MWh electricity are required for ASU per t_NH3, considering 0.4 MWh are required per t_N2 and LHV of NH3 of 5.1666 Mwh.", -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,investment,187899.5061,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,efficiency,0.4444,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,investment,751598.0242,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['salthight'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-store,investment,112560.0095,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['salthight'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['salthight'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),FOM,1.1,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),efficiency,0.48,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),investment,55000.0,EUR/PKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),FOM,10.1,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),efficiency,0.56,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),investment,151574.0,EUR/LKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,FOM,0.46,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,efficiency,0.6963,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133) include inverter 0.98 & transformer efficiency 0.98 ","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Electrolyzer']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,investment,1304350.411,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.113 (p.135)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Electrolyzer']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,lifetime,30.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,FOM,0.4801,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,efficiency,0.4869,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133) include inverter 0.98 & transformer efficiency 0.98 ","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Fuel Cell']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,investment,1265835.3275,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.113 (p.135)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Fuel Cell']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,lifetime,30.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-store,FOM,0.43,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB =(C38+C39)*0.43/4","{'carrier': ['h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-store,investment,4779.9527,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.113 (p.135)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Cavern Storage']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-store,lifetime,30.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LNG storage tank,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank with comparable requirements.",Currency year and technology year assumed based on publication date.,2019.0 -LNG storage tank,investment,666.634,EUR/m^3,"Hurskainen 2019, https://cris.vtt.fi/en/publications/liquid-organic-hydrogen-carriers-lohc-concept-evaluation-and-tech pg. 46 (59).",Currency year and technology year assumed based on publication date.,2019.0 -LNG storage tank,lifetime,20.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank with comparable requirements.",Currency year and technology year assumed based on publication date.,2019.0 -LOHC chemical,investment,2500.0,EUR/t,"Runge et al 2020, pg.7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC chemical,lifetime,20.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, pg.7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation,investment,53681.4988,EUR/MW_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",per MW H2 (LHV). For a large plant of 1000 MW capacity. Calculated based on base CAPEX of 30 MEUR for 300 t/day capacity and a scale factor of 0.6.,2015.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),FOM,3.0,%/year,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),investment,839000.0,EUR/MW_H2,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",MW of H2 LHV. For a small plant of 0.9 MW capacity.,2020.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),lifetime,20.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,electricity-input,0.004,MWh_el/t_HLOHC,Niermann et al. (2019): (https://doi.org/10.1039/C8EE02700E). 6A .,"Flow in figures shows 0.2 MW for 114 MW_HHV = 96.4326 MW_LHV = 2.89298 t hydrogen. At 5.6 wt-% effective H2 storage for loaded LOHC (H18-DBT, HLOHC), corresponds to 51.6604 t loaded LOHC .", -LOHC hydrogenation,hydrogen-input,1.867,MWh_H2/t_HLOHC,"Runge et al 2020, pg. 7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",Considering 5.6 wt-% H2 in loaded LOHC (HLOHC) and LHV of H2., -LOHC hydrogenation,investment,54243.958,EUR/MW_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",per MW H2 (LHV). For a large plant of 2000 MW capacity. Calculated based on base CAPEX of 40 MEUR for 300 t/day capacity and a scale factor of 0.6.,2015.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,lohc-input,0.944,t_LOHC/t_HLOHC,"Runge et al 2020, pg. 7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514","Loaded LOHC (H18-DBT, HLOHC) has loaded only 5.6%-wt H2 as rate of discharge is kept at ca. 90%.", -LOHC loaded DBT storage,FOM,6.25,%/year,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -LOHC loaded DBT storage,investment,151.5383,EUR/t,"Density via Wissenschaftliche Dienste des Deutschen Bundestages 2020, https://www.bundestag.de/resource/blob/816048/454e182d5956d45a664da9eb85486f76/WD-8-058-20-pdf-data.pdf , pg. 11.","Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared. Density of loaded LOHC H18-DBT is 0.91 t/m^3.",2012.0 -LOHC loaded DBT storage,lifetime,30.0,years,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -LOHC transport ship,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_LOHC,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC unloaded DBT storage,FOM,6.25,%/year,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -LOHC unloaded DBT storage,investment,134.2745,EUR/t,"Density via Wissenschaftliche Dienste des Deutschen Bundestages 2020, https://www.bundestag.de/resource/blob/816048/454e182d5956d45a664da9eb85486f76/WD-8-058-20-pdf-data.pdf , pg. 11.","Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared. Density of loaded LOHC H18-DBT is 0.91 t/m^3, density of unloaded LOHC H0-DBT is 1.04 t/m^3 but unloading is only to 90% (depth-of-discharge), assume density via linearisation of 1.027 t/m^3.",2012.0 -LOHC unloaded DBT storage,lifetime,30.0,years,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,FOM,2.4064,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,efficiency,0.8832,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.78^0.5']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,investment,149731.2267,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-store,FOM,0.2386,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['lead'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-store,investment,365289.854,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['lead'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-store,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['lead'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),FOM,1.6,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),efficiency,0.215,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),investment,23561.0,EUR/PKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),FOM,18.0,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),efficiency,0.373,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),investment,99772.0,EUR/LKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,FOM,0.366,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,investment,503663.7386,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Figure 9 of reference roughly 80% of capital cost are power related 47%/80% of costs are required for liquefaction (charging)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,FOM,0.5212,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,efficiency,0.55,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE 0.545 assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,investment,353636.242,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, NULL","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-store,FOM,0.328,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['lair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-store,investment,186749.107,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['lair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Liquid Air SB and BOS']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['lair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,FOM,2.0701,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,efficiency,0.9193,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.8452^0.5']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,investment,95584.1917,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,lifetime,16.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-store,FOM,0.0447,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['lfp'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-store,investment,325690.7596,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['lfp'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-store,lifetime,16.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['lfp'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,FOM,2.0701,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,efficiency,0.9193,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.8452^0.5']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,investment,95584.1917,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,lifetime,13.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-store,FOM,0.0379,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['nmc'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-store,investment,372111.988,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['nmc'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-store,lifetime,13.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['nmc'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,investment,149374.5139,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,efficiency,0.5394,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,investment,597498.0554,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-store,investment,69421.8279,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_MeOH,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",,2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,investment,18016.8665,EUR/MW_H2,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.","For high temperature steam reforming plant with a capacity of 200 MW_H2 output (6t/h). Reference plant of 1 MW (30kg_H2/h) costs 150kEUR, scale factor of 0.6 assumed.",2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",,2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,methanol-input,1.201,MWh_MeOH/MWh_H2,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",Assuming per 1 t_H2 (with LHV 33.3333 MWh/t): 4.5 MWh_th and 3.2 MWh_el are required. We assume electricity can be substituted / provided with 1:1 as heat energy., -NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank.",,2010.0 -NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,investment,166.8201,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Calculated based on Morgan E. 2013: doi:10.7275/11KT-3F59 , Fig. 55, Fig 58.","Based on estimated for a double-wall liquid ammonia tank (~ambient pressure, -33°C), inner tank from stainless steel, outer tank from concrete including installations for liquefaction/condensation, boil-off gas recovery and safety installations; the necessary installations make only a small fraction of the total cost. The total cost are driven by material and working time on the tanks. -While the costs do not scale strictly linearly, we here assume they do (good approximation c.f. ref. Fig 55.) and take the costs for a 9 kt NH3 (l) tank = 8 M$2010, which is smaller 4-5x smaller than the largest deployed tanks today. -We assume an exchange rate of 1.17$ to 1 €. -The investment value is given per MWh NH3 store capacity, using the LHV of NH3 of 5.18 MWh/t.",2010.0 -NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,lifetime,20.0,years,"Morgan E. 2013: doi:10.7275/11KT-3F59 , pg. 290",,2010.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B",,2019.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,capacity,53000.0,t_NH3,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B",,2019.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,investment,81164200.0,EUR,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B",,2019.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,lifetime,20.0,years,"Guess estimated based on H2 (l) tanker, but more mature technology",,2019.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,FOM,2.0701,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['((0.75-0.87)/2)^0.5 mean value of range efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,investment,95584.1917,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) same as Li-LFP","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-store,FOM,0.2238,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-store,investment,344828.4062,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-store,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -OCGT,FOM,1.7772,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -OCGT,VOM,4.762,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Variable O&M,2015.0 -OCGT,efficiency,0.4,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","52 OCGT - Natural gas: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -OCGT,investment,480.3903,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 -OCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -PEM electrolyzer small size,FOM,3.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW,2010.0 -PEM electrolyzer small size,electricity-input,1.43,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW, -PEM electrolyzer small size,investment,1364.8906,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW,2010.0 -PEM electrolyzer small size,lifetime,6.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`","Likely stack lifetime, rather than electrolyzer system lifetime", -PHS,FOM,1.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -PHS,efficiency,0.75,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -PHS,investment,2274.8177,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 -PHS,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,FOM,0.366,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Charger']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,investment,807189.2511,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Figure 9 of reference roughly 80% of capital cost are power related 47%/80% of costs are required for liquefaction (charging)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,lifetime,33.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,FOM,0.5212,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,efficiency,0.63,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE 0.62 assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,investment,566749.8997,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, NULL","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,lifetime,33.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-store,FOM,0.0615,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.103 (p.125)","{'carrier': ['phes'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-store,investment,31293.8274,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.92 (p.114)","{'carrier': ['phes'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Molten Salt based SB and BOS']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-store,lifetime,33.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['phes'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,FOM,0.9951,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, Figure 4.16","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,efficiency,0.8944,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.8^0.5']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,investment,1397128.4612,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Powerhouse Construction & Infrastructure']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-store,FOM,0.43,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['phs'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-store,investment,57074.0625,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['phs'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Reservoir Construction & Infrastructure']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['phs'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -SMR,FOM,5.0,%/year,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR,efficiency,0.76,per unit (in LHV),"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SMR,investment,522201.0492,EUR/MW_CH4,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR,lifetime,30.0,years,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SMR CC,FOM,5.0,%/year,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR CC,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",wide range: capture rates between 54%-90%, -SMR CC,efficiency,0.69,per unit (in LHV),"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SMR CC,investment,605753.2171,EUR/MW_CH4,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR CC,lifetime,30.0,years,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SOEC,FOM,4.0,%/year,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,US-based assumptions for a Conservative cost scenario,2022.0 -SOEC,electricity-input,1.22,MWh_el/MWh_H2,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,, -SOEC,investment,2359.2378,USD/kW,"ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions, https://theicct.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/fuels-eu-cost-renew-H-produced-onsite-H-refueling-stations-europe-feb22.pdf adjusted according to DOE observations https://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/docs/hydrogenprogramlibraries/pdfs/24005-clean-hydrogen-production-cost-pem-electrolyzer.pdf?sfvrsn=8cb10889_1#:~:text=This%20Record%20shows%20that%20the,factors%20of%2050%2D75%25",US-based assumptions for a Conservative cost scenario,2022.0 -SOEC,lifetime,30.0,years,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,, -Sand-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Sand-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Sand-charger,investment,152624.5646,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Sand-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,efficiency,0.53,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,investment,610498.2585,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Sand-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['sand'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Sand-store,investment,8014.7441,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.100 (p.122)","{'carrier': ['sand'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -Sand-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['sand'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Steam methane reforming,FOM,3.0,%/year,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW).,2015.0 -Steam methane reforming,investment,497454.611,EUR/MW_H2,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW). Currency conversion 1.17 USD = 1 EUR.,2015.0 -Steam methane reforming,lifetime,30.0,years,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW).,2015.0 -Steam methane reforming,methane-input,1.483,MWh_CH4/MWh_H2,"Keipi et al (2018): Economic analysis of hydrogen production by methane thermal decomposition (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2017.12.063), table 2.","Large scale SMR plant producing 2.5 kg/s H2 output (assuming 33.3333 MWh/t H2 LHV), with 6.9 kg/s CH4 input (feedstock) and 2 kg/s CH4 input (energy). Neglecting water consumption.", -"Tank&bulk, diesel",efficiency,0.462,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, diesel",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, diesel",investment,35129312.4041,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, diesel",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, diesel",lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, diesel",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, methanol",efficiency,0.4695,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, methanol",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, methanol",investment,38642243.6445,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, methanol",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, methanol",lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, methanol",2023.0 -"Tankbulk, ammonia",efficiency,0.471,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tankbulk, ammonia",2023.0 -"Tankbulk, ammonia",investment,42155174.885,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tankbulk, ammonia",2023.0 -"Tankbulk, ammonia",lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tankbulk, ammonia",2023.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,FOM,2.4028,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,efficiency,0.8062,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.65^0.5']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,investment,149950.2088,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-store,FOM,0.2335,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['vanadium'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-store,investment,317614.1853,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['vanadium'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-store,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['vanadium'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,FOM,2.4395,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,efficiency,0.7937,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.25 ","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['(0.63)^0.5 efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,investment,129023.0526,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,lifetime,25.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-store,FOM,0.1893,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-store,investment,194899.0057,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.48 (p.70) text below Table 4.12","{'carrier': ['znair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-store,lifetime,25.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['znair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,FOM,2.475,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,efficiency,0.8307,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.25 ","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['(0.69)^0.5 efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,investment,134297.449,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,lifetime,10.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.27","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-store,FOM,0.2849,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znbrflow'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-store,investment,476623.9107,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['znbrflow'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-store,lifetime,10.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.27","{'carrier': ['znbrflow'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,FOM,2.4395,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,efficiency,0.8888,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.25","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': [' (0.79)^0.5 efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,investment,129023.0526,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,FOM,0.2481,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,investment,276873.6097,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -air separation unit,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -air separation unit,electricity-input,0.25,MWh_el/t_N2,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), p.288.","For consistency reasons use value from Danish Energy Agency. DEA also reports range of values (0.2-0.4 MWh/t_N2) on pg. 288. Other efficienices reported are even higher, e.g. 0.11 Mwh/t_N2 from Morgan (2013): Techno-Economic Feasibility Study of Ammonia Plants Powered by Offshore Wind .", -air separation unit,investment,1003392.2397,EUR/t_N2/h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 -air separation unit,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -allam,VOM,2.0,EUR/MWh,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -allam,efficiency,0.6,p.u.,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -allam,investment,1500.0,EUR/kW,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -allam,lifetime,30.0,years,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,FOM,5.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.99,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",CO2 volume captured / (Stream flowrate * Max. capacity utilization * CO2 in exhaust * 8760),2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.1,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,investment,929753.03,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 41 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 389000 t/year",2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -battery inverter,FOM,0.2,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -battery inverter,efficiency,0.95,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2020.0 -battery inverter,investment,287.118,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2020.0 -battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -battery storage,investment,246.7088,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2020.0 -battery storage,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,FOM,3.4615,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,VOM,823.497,EUR/MWh_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-biochar,0.404,MWh_biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency biochar",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.4848,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency heat",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,investment,167272.82,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.0582,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0 -biodiesel crops,fuel,96.2077,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIORPS1 (rape seed), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -bioethanol crops,CO2 intensity,0.1289,tCO2/MWh_th,,"CO2 released during fermentation of bioethanol crops, based on stochiometric composition: C6H12O6 -> 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2 , i.e. 1 kg ethanol → ~0.956 kg CO₂ (from fermentation) → 0.1289 tCO₂/MWh (with LHV = 26.7 MJ/kg).", -bioethanol crops,fuel,62.1519,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOCRP11 (Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -biogas,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 -biogas,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biogas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, -biogas,fuel,62.4351,EUR/MWhth,JRC and Zappa, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biogas,investment,1032.4577,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 -biogas,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biogas CC,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas CC,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 -biogas CC,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biogas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, -biogas CC,investment,1032.4577,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 -biogas CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biogas manure,fuel,19.7575,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOGAS1 (manure), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,VOM,4.5939,EUR/MWh_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Variable O&M,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,investment,964.7165,EUR/kW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Specific investment,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -biogas upgrading,FOM,17.0397,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Fixed O&M ",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,VOM,4.1613,EUR/MWh output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Variable O&M",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,investment,192.9697,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: investment (upgrading, methane redution and grid injection)",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biomass,FOM,4.5269,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,efficiency,0.468,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,fuel,7.4076,EUR/MWhth,IEA2011b, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,investment,2337.6116,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,lifetime,30.0,years,ECF2010 in DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass CHP,FOM,3.6081,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass CHP,VOM,2.2291,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -biomass CHP,c_b,0.4544,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -biomass CHP,efficiency,0.2994,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7093,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass CHP,investment,3578.1349,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-electricity-input,0.1,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-heat-output,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,electricity-input,0.03,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-input,0.833,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-output,0.833,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,investment,3300000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass EOP,FOM,3.6081,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass EOP,VOM,2.2291,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -biomass EOP,c_b,0.4544,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -biomass EOP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -biomass EOP,efficiency,0.2994,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass EOP,efficiency-heat,0.7093,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass EOP,investment,3578.1349,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -biomass EOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass HOP,FOM,5.8029,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Fixed O&M, heat output",2015.0 -biomass HOP,VOM,2.2361,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Variable O&M heat output,2015.0 -biomass HOP,efficiency,1.0323,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass HOP,investment,926.3933,EUR/kW_th - heat output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Nominal investment ,2015.0 -biomass HOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -biomass boiler,FOM,7.3854,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass boiler,efficiency,0.82,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -biomass boiler,investment,722.4205,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Specific investment",2015.0 -biomass boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass boiler,pelletizing cost,9.0,EUR/MWh_pellets,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.109506,,2019.0 -biomass-to-methanol,C in fuel,0.3926,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,C stored,0.6074,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,CO2 stored,0.2227,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,FOM,1.1111,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,VOM,21.6979,EUR/MWh_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Variable O&M,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency,0.58,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Methanol Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-electricity,0.02,MWh_e/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Electricity Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-heat,0.22,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: District heat Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,investment,5591.3924,EUR/kW_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Specific investment,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,FOM,14.18,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",123.67 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘BF-BOF’.,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,coal-input,1.43,MWh_coal/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15). ","Based on process ‘Avg BF-BOF` using 195 kg_PCI/t_HM (PCI = Pulverized Coal Injected; HM = Hot Metal) as substitute for coke, 24 MJ/kg as LHV for coal and 1 : 1.1 as HM-to-steel ratio.",2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15).",,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,investment,7637406.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",871.85 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘Avg BF-BOF’.,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15).",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,ore-input,1.539,t_ore/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",Based on process ‘Avg BF-BOF`,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,scrap-input,0.051,t_scrap/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",Based on process ‘Avg BF-BOF`,2020.0 -cement capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,compression-electricity-input,0.1,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,compression-heat-output,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,electricity-input,0.025,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,heat-input,0.833,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,heat-output,1.65,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,investment,3000000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,FOM,7.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",CO2 volume captured / (Stream flowrate * Max. capacity utilization * CO2 in exhaust * 8760),2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,investment,2587727.173,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 247 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 842000 t/year",2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement dry clinker,FOM,4.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,VOM,5.2911,EUR/t_clinker,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,electricity-input,0.0694,MWh_el/t_clinker,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original values 0.25 PJ per Mt clinker,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,gas-input,0.0002,MWh_NG/t_clinker,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original values 0.0058 PJ per Mt clinker,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,heat-input,0.9444,MWh_th/t_CO2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original values 3.4 PJ per Mt clinker,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,investment,1158752.6816,EUR/t_clinker/h,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original value 125 EUR/t/year,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,lifetime,30.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement finishing,FOM,30.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement finishing,VOM,3.1747,EUR/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement finishing,clinker-input,0.656,t_cl/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND_Trans.xlsx`, Sheet `IND_Trans` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer),2015.0 -cement finishing,electricity-input,0.1736,MWh_el/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND_Trans.xlsx`, Sheet `IND_Trans` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer) with original value 0.6251 PJ per Mt cement.,2015.0 -cement finishing,investment,92700.2145,EUR/t_cement/h,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original value 10 EUR/t/year,2015.0 -cement finishing,lifetime,25.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer),2015.0 -cement finishing,slag-input,0.194,t_slag/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND_Trans.xlsx`, Sheet `IND_Trans` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer),2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.2102,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.3175,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.1,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Total efficiency, net, name plate",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,investment,1006.7765,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central coal CHP,FOM,1.6316,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central coal CHP,VOM,3.0688,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central coal CHP,c_b,0.84,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -central coal CHP,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cv coefficient,2015.0 -central coal CHP,efficiency,0.485,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","01 Coal CHP: Electricity efficiency, condensation mode, net",2015.0 -central coal CHP,investment,2010.6211,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central coal CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.3003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.7884,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,efficiency,5.1,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,investment,704.7435,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas CHP,FOM,3.3051,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP,VOM,4.6562,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP,c_b,0.96,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central gas CHP,c_v,0.17,per unit,DEA (loss of fuel for additional heat), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central gas CHP,efficiency,0.4,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central gas CHP,investment,624.3508,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central gas CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,FOM,3.3051,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,VOM,4.6562,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,c_b,0.96,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,efficiency,0.4,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,investment,624.3508,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas boiler,FOM,3.25,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central gas boiler,VOM,1.164,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central gas boiler,efficiency,1.03,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","44 Natural Gas DH Only: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central gas boiler,investment,63.4933,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central gas boiler,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,FOM,0.8406,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,VOM,4.8547,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,investment,3008.7285,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.3546,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.0392,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,1.71,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,investment,596.837,EUR/kW_th excluding drive energy,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,investment,1375.6881,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central resistive heater,FOM,1.5286,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central resistive heater,VOM,0.9524,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central resistive heater,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","41 Electric Boilers: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central resistive heater,investment,74.0755,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Nominal investment; 10/15 kV; >10 MW,2015.0 -central resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central solar thermal,FOM,1.4,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solar thermal,investment,148151.0278,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,FOM,2.8857,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,VOM,4.8694,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,c_b,0.3489,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency,0.2689,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.8255,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,investment,3740.4387,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,FOM,2.8857,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,VOM,4.8694,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_b,0.3489,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency,0.2689,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.8255,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,investment,5767.0987,EUR/kW_e,Combination of central solid biomass CHP CC and solid biomass boiler steam,,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,FOM,2.8857,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,VOM,4.8694,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_b,0.3489,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency,0.2689,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency-heat,0.8255,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,investment,3740.4387,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central water pit charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2020.0 -central water pit discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2020.0 -central water pit storage,Bottom storage temperature,35.0,⁰C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Typical bottom storage temperature,2020.0 -central water pit storage,FOM,0.2354,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -central water pit storage,Top storage temperature,90.0,⁰C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Typical max. storage temperature,2020.0 -central water pit storage,energy to power ratio,150.0,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2020.0 -central water pit storage,investment,1.0622,EUR/kWh Capacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Specific investment,2020.0 -central water pit storage,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -central water pit storage,standing losses,0.0078,%/hour,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Energy losses during storage,2020.0 -central water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2020.0 -central water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2020.0 -central water tank storage,FOM,1.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central water tank storage,energy to power ratio,60.3448,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2020.0 -central water tank storage,investment,3.0361,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Specific investment,2020.0 -central water tank storage,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -central water tank storage,standing losses,0.0077,%/hour,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Energy losses during storage,2020.0 -central water tank storage,temperature difference,55.0,"hot/cold, K","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Typical temperature difference,2020.0 -clean water tank storage,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0 -clean water tank storage,investment,69.1286,EUR/m^3-H2O,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0 -clean water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",, -coal,CO2 intensity,0.3361,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid-Emissionen des deutschen Strommix in den Jahren 1990 - 2018,, -coal,FOM,1.31,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100.",2023.0 -coal,VOM,3.2612,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3+5.5)USD/MWh_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR).",2023.0 -coal,efficiency,0.356,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. 1 / ((8.75+12) MMbtu/MWh_th /2 / (3.4095 MMbtu/MWh_th)), rounded up.",2023.0 -coal,fuel,9.5542,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on IEA 2011 data, 99 USD/t.",2010.0 -coal,investment,3827.1629,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Higher costs include coal plants with CCS, but since using here for calculating the average nevertheless. Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3200+6775) USD/kW_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR).",2023.0 -coal,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 -csp-tower,FOM,1.0,%/year,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power),Ratio between CAPEX and FOM from ATB database for “moderate” scenario.,2020.0 -csp-tower,investment,159.96,"EUR/kW_th,dp",ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include solar field and solar tower as well as EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant). Total costs (223,708,924 USD) are divided by active area (heliostat reflective area, 1,269,054 m2) and multiplied by design point DNI (0.95 kW/m2) to obtain EUR/kW_th. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR.",2020.0 -csp-tower,lifetime,30.0,years,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power),-,2020.0 -csp-tower TES,FOM,1.0,%/year,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -csp-tower TES,investment,21.43,EUR/kWh_th,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include the TES incl. EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant, 2.791 MW_th TES). Total costs (69390776.7 USD) are divided by TES size to obtain EUR/kW_th. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR.",2020.0 -csp-tower TES,lifetime,30.0,years,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -csp-tower power block,FOM,1.0,%/year,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -csp-tower power block,investment,1120.57,EUR/kW_e,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include the power cycle incl. BOP and EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant). Total costs (135185685.5 USD) are divided by power block nameplate capacity size to obtain EUR/kW_e. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR.",2020.0 -csp-tower power block,lifetime,30.0,years,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -decentral CHP,FOM,3.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral CHP,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral CHP,investment,1481.5103,EUR/kWel,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,FOM,2.9578,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.4,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.3 Air to water existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,994.7283,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,18.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,FOM,6.5595,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,efficiency,0.97,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","202 Natural gas boiler: Total efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,investment,330.2494,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler connection,investment,206.4059,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Possible additional specific investment,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler connection,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,1.8535,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.8,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.7 Ground source existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,1587.3324,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,FOM,2.0,%/year,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,investment,165.0975,EUR/kWth,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf) (+eigene Berechnung), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,FOM,2.0,%/year,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,investment,105.8222,EUR/kWhth,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,FOM,1.3,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,investment,285719.8393,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2020.0 -decentral water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,FOM,1.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,VOM,0.7168,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Variable O&M,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,energy to power ratio,0.15,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,investment,419.8622,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Specific investment,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,standing losses,2.1,%/hour,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Energy losses during storage,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,temperature difference,30.0,"hot/cold, K","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Typical temperature difference,2020.0 -digestible biomass,fuel,17.0611,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOAGRW1, ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0 -digestible biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -digestible biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -digestible biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.39,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, -digestible biomass to hydrogen,investment,4237.1194,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -direct air capture,FOM,4.95,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,compression-electricity-input,0.15,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,compression-heat-output,0.2,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,electricity-input,0.4,MWh_el/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","0.4 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 0.182 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019). Should already include electricity for water scrubbing and compression (high quality CO2 output).",2020.0 -direct air capture,heat-input,1.6,MWh_th/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","Thermal energy demand. Provided via air-sourced heat pumps. 1.6 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 1.102 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019).",2020.0 -direct air capture,heat-output,1.25,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,investment,7000000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct firing gas,FOM,1.2121,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas,VOM,0.2845,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing gas,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing gas,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,FOM,1.2121,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,VOM,0.2845,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,FOM,1.5455,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,VOM,0.3276,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,FOM,1.5455,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,VOM,0.3276,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Based on https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/capesize-freight-returns-below-operating-expense-levels-but-shipowners-reject-lay-ups/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","5000 USD/d OPEX, exchange rate: 1.15 USD = 1 EUR; absolute value calculate relative to investment cost.",2020.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,capacity,180000.0,t,-,"DWT; corresponds to size of Capesize bulk carriers which have previously docked at the habour in Hamburg, Germany. Short of 200 kt limit for VLBCs.",2020.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,investment,40000000.0,EUR,"Based on https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/dry-bulk-carriers-in-high-demand-as-rates-keep-rallying/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","See figure for ‘Dry Bulk Newbuild Prices’, Capesize at end of 2020. Exchange rate: 1.15 USD = 1 EUR.",2020.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,lifetime,25.0,years,"Based on https://mfame.guru/fall-life-expectancy-bulk-carriers/, accessed: 2022-12-03.",Expected lifetime.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,FOM,30.0,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","EAF has high OPEX of 62.99 EUR/year/t_steel, presumably because of electrode corrosion.",2020.0 -electric arc furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,electricity-input,0.6395,MWh_el/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘EAF’. ,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,hbi-input,1.0,t_hbi/t_steel,-,Assume HBI instead of scrap as input.Scrap would require higher input (in tonnes) as steel content is lower.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,investment,1839600.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",210 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘EAF’.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,FOM,30.0,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","EAF has high OPEX of 62.99 EUR/year/t_steel, presumably because of electrode corrosion.",2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,electricity-input,0.6395,MWh_el/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘EAF’. ,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,hbi-input,0.37,t_hbi/t_steel,"World Steel Association, Fact Sheet – Steel and raw materials: https://worldsteel.org/wp-content/uploads/Fact-sheet-raw-materials-2023-1.pdf, Accessed 2024-04-17.",Assume HBI instead of scrap as input.Scrap would require higher input (in tonnes) as steel content is lower.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,investment,1839600.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",210 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘EAF’.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,scrap-input,0.71,t_scrap/t_steel,"World Steel Association, Fact Sheet – Steel and raw materials: https://worldsteel.org/wp-content/uploads/Fact-sheet-raw-materials-2023-1.pdf, Accessed 2024-04-17.",,2020.0 -electric boiler steam,FOM,1.3375,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Fixed O&M,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,VOM,0.8711,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Variable O&M,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","310.1 Electric boiler steam : Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -electric boiler steam,investment,80.56,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Nominal investment,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Technical lifetime,2019.0 -electric steam cracker,FOM,3.0,%/year,Guesstimate,,2015.0 -electric steam cracker,VOM,190.4799,EUR/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",,2015.0 -electric steam cracker,carbondioxide-output,0.55,t_CO2/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), ",The report also references another source with 0.76 t_CO2/t_HVC, -electric steam cracker,electricity-input,2.7,MWh_el/t_HVC,"Lechtenböhmer et al. (2016): 10.1016/j.energy.2016.07.110, Section 4.3, page 6.",Assuming electrified processing., -electric steam cracker,investment,11124025.7434,EUR/(t_HVC/h),"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",Assuming CAPEX of 1200 €/t actually given in €/(t/a).,2015.0 -electric steam cracker,lifetime,30.0,years,Guesstimate,, -electric steam cracker,naphtha-input,14.8,MWh_naphtha/t_HVC,"Lechtenböhmer et al. (2016): 10.1016/j.energy.2016.07.110, Section 4.3, page 6.",, -electricity distribution grid,FOM,2.0,%/year,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity distribution grid,investment,529.1108,EUR/kW,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity distribution grid,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity grid connection,FOM,2.0,%/year,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity grid connection,investment,148.151,EUR/kW,DEA, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity grid connection,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electrobiofuels,C in fuel,0.9245,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,FOM,2.4,%/year,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2015.0 -electrobiofuels,VOM,5.153,EUR/MWh_th,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2017.0 -electrobiofuels,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -electrobiofuels,efficiency-biomass,1.3183,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,efficiency-hydrogen,1.1766,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,efficiency-tot,0.6217,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,investment,559887.2932,EUR/kW_th,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2017.0 -electrolysis,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 -electrolysis,efficiency,0.5773,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 -electrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.2762,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 -electrolysis,investment,2000.0,EUR/kW_e,private communications; IEA https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/9e0c82d4-06d2-496b-9542-f184ba803645/TheRoleofE-fuelsinDecarbonisingTransport.pdf,,2020.0 -electrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -electrolysis small,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 -electrolysis small,efficiency,0.5773,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 -electrolysis small,efficiency-heat,0.2762,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 -electrolysis small,investment,1900.0,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Specific investment,2020.0 -electrolysis small,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Technical lifetime of plant,2020.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,FOM,7.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.94,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.12,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,investment,928559.735,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 36 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 342000 t/year",2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol from starch crop,FOM,13.8,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original values FIXOM in MEUR/GW divided by INVCOST for the corresponding year",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,VOM,26.3497,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value 6.93 MEUR/PJ VAROM",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,efficiency,0.58,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production. Converted from 0.35 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,investment,716511.2815,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for USA and European production,2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,FOM,16.43,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original values FIXOM in MEUR/GW divided by INVCOST for the corresponding year",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,VOM,23.1751,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production, original value 6.09 MEUR/PJ VAROM",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,efficiency,0.45,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production. Converted from 0.292 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,investment,530264.2751,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for Brazilian production,2015.0 -fuel cell,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -fuel cell,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -fuel cell,investment,1375.6881,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -fuelwood,fuel,15.9997,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOO (FuelwoodRW), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -gas,CO2 intensity,0.198,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 50 GJ/t CH4,, -gas,fuel,24.568,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -gas boiler steam,FOM,3.6667,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,VOM,1.1077,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.92,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -gas boiler steam,investment,54.9273,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -gas storage,FOM,0.5368,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",150 Underground Storage of Gas: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -gas storage,investment,0.2366,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",150 Underground Storage of Gas: Specific investment,2020.0 -gas storage,lifetime,100.0,years,TODO no source,"150 Underground Storage of Gas: estimation: most underground storage are already built, they do have a long lifetime",2020.0 -gas storage charger,investment,15.2479,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",,2020.0 -gas storage discharger,investment,5.0826,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",,2020.0 -geothermal,CO2 intensity,0.12,tCO2/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",Likely to be improved; Average of 85 percent of global egs power plant capacity; Result of fluid circulation through rock formations,2020.0 -geothermal,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",See Supplemental Material of source for details,2020.0 -geothermal,district heat surcharge,25.0,%,Frey et al. 2022: Techno-Economic Assessment of Geothermal Resources in the Variscan Basement of the Northern Upper Rhine Graben,"If capital cost of electric generation from EGS is 100%, district heating adds additional 25%. Costs incurred by piping.",2020.0 -geothermal,district heat-input,0.8,MWh_thdh/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, District Heat-output. This is an assessment of typical heat losses when heat is transmitted from the EGS plant to the DH network, This is a rough estimate, depends on local conditions",2020.0 -geothermal,lifetime,30.0,years,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",,2020.0 -helmeth,FOM,3.0,%/year,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -helmeth,efficiency,0.8,per unit,HELMETH press release, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -helmeth,investment,2116.4433,EUR/kW,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -helmeth,lifetime,25.0,years,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -home battery inverter,FOM,0.2,%/year,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -home battery inverter,efficiency,0.95,per unit,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2020.0 -home battery inverter,investment,400.9018,EUR/kW,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2020.0 -home battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -home battery storage,investment,344.0435,EUR/kWh,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2020.0 -home battery storage,lifetime,20.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -hydro,FOM,1.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -hydro,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -hydro,investment,2274.8177,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 -hydro,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,FOM,11.3,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","55.28 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ OPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15).",,2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,electricity-input,1.03,MWh_el/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ reduced by electricity demand of process ‘EAF’.,2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,hydrogen-input,2.1,MWh_H2/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2022-12-05). ","63 kg H2/t steel for process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ according to documentation (raw input files for MPP model list 73 kg H2 / t steel, which seems to high and is probably incorrect).",2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,investment,4277858.0,EUR/t_HBI/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","488.34 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ CAPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,ore-input,1.59,t_ore/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03). ",Based on process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’.,2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,compression-electricity-input,0.05,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.",1.707 kWh/kg.,2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,investment,87.69,EUR/kW_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.","2923 EUR/kg_H2. For a 206 kg/h compressor. Base CAPEX 40 528 EUR/kW_el with scale factor 0.4603. kg_H2 converted to MWh using LHV. Pressure range: 30 bar in, 250 bar out.",2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,lifetime,15.0,years,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,investment,13.5,EUR/kWh_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.","450 EUR/kg_H2 converted with LHV to MWh. For a type 1 hydrogen storage tank (steel, 15-250 bar). Currency year assumed 2020 for initial publication of reference; observe note in SI.4.3 that no currency year is explicitly stated in the reference.",2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,lifetime,20.0,years,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,min_fill_level,6.0,%,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,FOM,1.0526,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,investment,60.6138,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Specific investment,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,FOM,0.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,VOM,0.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Variable O&M,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,investment,3.1902,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Specific investment,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,lifetime,100.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,FOM,0.0928,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,VOM,3.2828,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Variable O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,efficiency,2.95,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,investment,1052.7581,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Nominal investment,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,FOM,0.1113,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,VOM,3.2828,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Variable O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,efficiency,2.55,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,investment,877.2984,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -iron ore DRI-ready,commodity,97.73,EUR/t,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://missionpossiblepartnership.org/action-sectors/steel/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","DRI ready assumes 65% iron content, requiring no additional benefication.",2020.0 -iron-air battery,FOM,1.0219,%/year,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery,investment,25.1342,EUR/kWh,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery,lifetime,17.5,years,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery charge,efficiency,0.7,per unit,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery discharge,efficiency,0.59,per unit,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -lignite,CO2 intensity,0.4069,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid-Emissionen des deutschen Strommix in den Jahren 1990 - 2018,, -lignite,FOM,1.31,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,VOM,3.2612,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3+5.5)USD/MWh_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR). Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,efficiency,0.33,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. 1 / ((8.75+12) MMbtu/MWh_th /2 / (3.4095 MMbtu/MWh_th)), rounded up. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,fuel,3.2985,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on IEA 2011 data, 10 USD/t.",2010.0 -lignite,investment,3827.1629,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Higher costs include coal plants with CCS, but since using here for calculating the average nevertheless. Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3200+6775) USD/kW_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR). Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf .",2023.0 -lignite,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -methanation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.2.3.1",,2017.0 -methanation,carbondioxide-input,0.198,t_CO2/MWh_CH4,"Götz et al. (2016): Renewable Power-to-Gas: A technological and economic review (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2015.07.066), Fig. 11 .",Additional H2 required for methanation process (2x H2 amount compared to stochiometric conversion)., -methanation,efficiency,0.8,per unit,Palzer and Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -methanation,hydrogen-input,1.282,MWh_H2/MWh_CH4,,Based on ideal conversion process of stochiometric composition (1 t CH4 contains 750 kg of carbon)., -methanation,investment,777.5294,EUR/kW_CH4,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 6: “Reference scenario”.",,2017.0 -methanation,lifetime,20.0,years,Guesstimate.,"Based on lifetime for methanolisation, Fischer-Tropsch plants.",2017.0 -methane storage tank incl. compressor,FOM,1.9,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor by DEA.",Based on assumptions for hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor (by DEA).,2014.0 -methane storage tank incl. compressor,investment,8961.5075,EUR/m^3,Storage costs per l: https://www.compositesworld.com/articles/pressure-vessels-for-alternative-fuels-2014-2023 (2021-02-10).,"Assume 5USD/l (= 4.23 EUR/l at 1.17 USD/EUR exchange rate) for type 1 pressure vessel for 200 bar storage and 100% surplus costs for including compressor costs with storage, based on similar assumptions by DEA for compressed hydrogen storage tanks.",2014.0 -methane storage tank incl. compressor,lifetime,30.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor by DEA.",Based on assumptions for hydrogen storage tank 1 including compressor (by DEA).,2014.0 -methanol,CO2 intensity,0.2482,tCO2/MWh_th,,, -methanol-to-kerosene,FOM,4.5,%/year,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",,2020.0 -methanol-to-kerosene,VOM,1.35,EUR/MWh_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",,2020.0 -methanol-to-kerosene,hydrogen-input,0.0279,MWh_H2/MWh_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 6.","Assuming LHV 11.94 kWh/kg for kerosene, 5.54 kWh/kg for methanol, 33.3 kWh/kg for hydrogen.", -methanol-to-kerosene,investment,307000.0,EUR/MW_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",,2020.0 -methanol-to-kerosene,lifetime,30.0,years,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",, -methanol-to-kerosene,methanol-input,1.0764,MWh_MeOH/MWh_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 6.","Assuming LHV 11.94 kWh/kg for kerosene, 5.54 kWh/kg for methanol, 33.3 kWh/kg for hydrogen.", -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,FOM,3.0,%/year,Guesstimate,same as steam cracker,2015.0 -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,VOM,31.7466,EUR/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35", ,2015.0 -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,carbondioxide-output,0.6107,t_CO2/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Sections 4.5 (for ethylene and propylene) and 4.6 (for BTX)","Weighted average: 0.4 t_MeOH/t_ethylene+propylene for 21.7 Mt of ethylene and 17 Mt of propylene, 1.13 t_CO2/t_BTX for 15.7 Mt of BTX. The report also references process emissions of 0.55 t_MeOH/t_ethylene+propylene elsewhere. ", -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,electricity-input,1.3889,MWh_el/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), page 69",5 GJ/t_HVC , -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,investment,2781006.4359,EUR/(t_HVC/h),"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",Assuming CAPEX of 1200 €/t actually given in €/(t/a).,2015.0 -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,lifetime,30.0,years,Guesstimate,same as steam cracker, -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,methanol-input,18.03,MWh_MeOH/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Sections 4.5 (for ethylene and propylene) and 4.6 (for BTX)","Weighted average: 2.83 t_MeOH/t_ethylene+propylene for 21.7 Mt of ethylene and 17 Mt of propylene, 4.2 t_MeOH/t_BTX for 15.7 Mt of BTX. Assuming 5.54 MWh_MeOH/t_MeOH. ", -methanolisation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.1.",,2017.0 -methanolisation,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -methanolisation,carbondioxide-input,0.248,t_CO2/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 66.",, -methanolisation,electricity-input,0.271,MWh_e/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 65.",, -methanolisation,heat-output,0.1,MWh_th/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 65.",steam generation of 2 GJ/t_MeOH, -methanolisation,hydrogen-input,1.138,MWh_H2/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 64.",189 kg_H2 per t_MeOH, -methanolisation,investment,819108.478,EUR/MW_MeOH,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 8: “Reference scenario”.","Well developed technology, no significant learning expected.",2017.0 -methanolisation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (04/2022), Data sheet “Methanol to Power”.",,2017.0 -micro CHP,FOM,6.6667,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -micro CHP,efficiency,0.351,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Electric efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -micro CHP,efficiency-heat,0.599,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -micro CHP,investment,10630.1681,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 -micro CHP,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,FOM,11.3,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,gas-input,2.78,MWh_NG/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",Original value 10 GJ/t_DRI.,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,investment,4277858.0,EUR/t_HBI/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.","488.34 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ CAPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,ore-input,1.59,t_ore/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",, -nuclear,FOM,1.27,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (131.5+152.75)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) relative to investment costs.",2023.0 -nuclear,VOM,3.5464,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (4.25+5)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 -nuclear,efficiency,0.326,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on heat rate of 10.45 MMBtu/MWh_e and 3.4095 MMBtu/MWh_th, i.e. 1/(10.45/3.4095) = 0.3260.",2023.0 -nuclear,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -nuclear,investment,8594.1354,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (8475+13925)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 -nuclear,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 -offwind,FOM,2.5093,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Fixed O&M [EUR/MW_e/y, 2020]",2020.0 -offwind,VOM,0.0212,EUR/MWhel,RES costs made up to fix curtailment order, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind,investment,1992.6105,"EUR/kW_e, 2020","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Nominal investment [MEUR/MW_e, 2020] grid connection costs subtracted from investment costs",2020.0 -offwind,lifetime,27.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2841.3251,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,1420.1334,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-ac-station,investment,264.5554,EUR/kWel,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2116.4433,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,1058.2216,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017; average + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-station,investment,423.2887,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017; assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-float,FOM,1.15,%/year,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0 -offwind-float,investment,2350.0,EUR/kWel,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0 -offwind-float,lifetime,20.0,years,C. Maienza 2020 A life cycle cost model for floating offshore wind farms,,2020.0 -offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2118.5597,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf,,2014.0 -offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,1039.4778,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017, average + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 -offwind-float-station,investment,415.7911,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017, assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 -oil,CO2 intensity,0.2571,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 44 GJ/t diesel and -CH2- approximation of diesel,, -oil,FOM,2.5656,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -oil,VOM,6.3493,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0 -oil,efficiency,0.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","50 Diesel engine farm: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -oil,fuel,52.9111,EUR/MWhth,IEA WEM2017 97USD/boe = http://www.iea.org/media/weowebsite/2017/WEM_Documentation_WEO2017.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -oil,investment,362.97,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Specific investment,2015.0 -oil,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -onwind,FOM,1.2514,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -onwind,VOM,1.5873,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Variable O&M,2015.0 -onwind,investment,1183.9119,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Nominal investment ,2015.0 -onwind,lifetime,27.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -organic rankine cycle,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551","Both for flash, binary and ORC plants. See Supplemental Material for details",2020.0 -organic rankine cycle,electricity-input,0.12,MWh_el/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, Electricity-output. This is a rough estimate, depends on input temperature, implies ~150 C.",2020.0 -organic rankine cycle,investment,1376.0,EUR/kW_el,Tartiere and Astolfi 2017: A world overview of the organic Rankine cycle market,"Low rollout complicates the estimation, compounded by a dependence both on plant size and temperature, converted from 1500 USD/kW using currency conversion 1.09 USD = 1 EUR.",2020.0 -organic rankine cycle,lifetime,30.0,years,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",,2020.0 -ror,FOM,2.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -ror,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -ror,investment,3412.2266,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 -ror,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -seawater RO desalination,electricity-input,0.003,MWHh_el/t_H2O,"Caldera et al. (2016): Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Fig. 4.",Desalination using SWRO. Assume medium salinity of 35 Practical Salinity Units (PSUs) = 35 kg/m^3., -seawater desalination,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2015.0 -seawater desalination,electricity-input,3.0348,kWh/m^3-H2O,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Fig. 4.",, -seawater desalination,investment,42561.4413,EUR/(m^3-H2O/h),"Caldera et al 2017: Learning Curve for Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination Plants: Capital Cost Trend of the Past, Present, and Future (https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR021402), Table 4.",,2015.0 -seawater desalination,lifetime,30.0,years,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",, -shipping fuel methanol,CO2 intensity,0.2482,tCO2/MWh_th,-,Based on stochiometric composition.,2020.0 -shipping fuel methanol,fuel,72.0,EUR/MWh_th,"Based on (source 1) Hampp et al (2022), https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.01092, and (source 2): https://www.methanol.org/methanol-price-supply-demand/; both accessed: 2022-12-03.",400 EUR/t assuming range roughly in the long-term range for green methanol (source 1) and late 2020+beyond values for grey methanol (source 2).,2020.0 -solar,FOM,1.578,%/year,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop' and 50% 'solar-utility',2020.0 -solar,VOM,0.0106,EUR/MWhel,RES costs made up to fix curtailment order, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -solar,investment,809.8118,EUR/kW_e,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop' and 50% 'solar-utility',2020.0 -solar,lifetime,35.0,years,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop' and 50% 'solar-utility',2020.0 -solar-rooftop,FOM,1.1471,%/year,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop,discount rate,0.04,per unit,standard for decentral, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -solar-rooftop,investment,1057.1237,EUR/kW_e,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop,lifetime,35.0,years,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,FOM,1.2152,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,investment,872.3118,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,lifetime,35.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,FOM,1.079,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,investment,1241.9355,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,lifetime,35.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-utility,FOM,2.0089,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-utility,investment,562.5,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-utility,lifetime,35.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,FOM,1.8605,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,investment,650.3522,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,lifetime,35.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solid biomass,CO2 intensity,0.3667,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 18 GJ/t_DM LHV and 50% C-content for solid biomass,, -solid biomass,fuel,13.6489,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOOW1 (secondary forest residue wood chips), ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,FOM,5.4515,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,VOM,2.7985,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,investment,622.5091,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,FOM,5.4515,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,VOM,2.7985,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,investment,622.5091,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -solid biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -solid biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -solid biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.56,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, -solid biomass to hydrogen,investment,4237.1194,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,FOM,5.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",CO2 volume captured / (Stream flowrate * Max. capacity utilization * CO2 in exhaust * 8760),2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,investment,3561435.753,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 1342 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 3324000 t/year",2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -uranium,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -waste CHP,FOM,2.4016,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -waste CHP,VOM,28.8648,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -waste CHP,c_b,0.2826,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP,efficiency,0.2021,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7635,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP,investment,9077.1074,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -waste CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,FOM,2.4016,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,VOM,28.8648,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,c_b,0.2826,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,efficiency,0.2021,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.7635,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,investment,9077.1074,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -water tank charger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -water tank discharger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 diff --git a/ariadne-data/costs/mean/costs_2025.csv b/ariadne-data/costs/mean/costs_2025.csv deleted file mode 100644 index 859705b43..000000000 --- a/ariadne-data/costs/mean/costs_2025.csv +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1238 +0,0 @@ -technology,parameter,value,unit,source,further description,currency_year -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,FOM,4.6,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,VOM,0.2389,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,electricity-input,1.38,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,investment,429.0306,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,lifetime,40.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,FOM,18.1,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,VOM,0.2389,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,electricity-input,1.416,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,investment,566.0884,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,FOM,18.1,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,VOM,0.6426,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,electricity-input,1.41,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,investment,984.8823,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW, -Ammonia cracker,FOM,4.3,%/year,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 7.","Estimated based on Labour cost rate, Maintenance cost rate, Insurance rate, Admin. cost rate and Chemical & other consumables cost rate.",2015.0 -Ammonia cracker,ammonia-input,1.46,MWh_NH3/MWh_H2,"ENGIE et al (2020): Ammonia to Green Hydrogen Feasibility Study (https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/880826/HS420_-_Ecuity_-_Ammonia_to_Green_Hydrogen.pdf), Fig. 10.",Assuming a integrated 200t/d cracking and purification facility. Electricity demand (316 MWh per 2186 MWh_LHV H2 output) is assumed to also be ammonia LHV input which seems a fair assumption as the facility has options for a higher degree of integration according to the report)., -Ammonia cracker,investment,1123945.3807,EUR/MW_H2,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 6.",Calculated. For a small (200 t_NH3/d input) facility. Base cost for facility: 51 MEUR at capacity 20 000m^3_NH3/h = 339 t_NH3/d input. Cost scaling exponent 0.67. Ammonia density 0.7069 kg/m^3. Conversion efficiency of cracker: 0.685. Ammonia LHV: 5.167 MWh/t_NH3.; and Calculated. For a large (2500 t_NH3/d input) facility. Base cost for facility: 51 MEUR at capacity 20 000m^3_NH3/h = 339 t_NH3/d input. Cost scaling exponent 0.67. Ammonia density 0.7069 kg/m^3. Conversion efficiency of cracker: 0.685. Ammonia LHV: 5.167 MWh/t_NH3.,2015.0 -Ammonia cracker,lifetime,25.0,years,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 7.",,2015.0 -BEV Bus city,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,Motor size,320.6897,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,efficiency,0.9204,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,investment,326312.2797,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Coach,FOM,0.0001,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,Motor size,298.2759,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,efficiency,0.9094,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,investment,406852.0832,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,Motor size,468.9655,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,efficiency,1.4729,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,investment,247867.9385,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,lifetime,10.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,Motor size,353.4483,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,efficiency,0.9226,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,investment,313643.3844,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,Motor size,587.931,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,efficiency,1.6303,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,investment,274929.1357,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),FOM,0.9,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),efficiency,0.68,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),investment,28812.0,EUR/PKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (trucks),FOM,14.0,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (trucks),2020.0 -Battery electric (trucks),investment,165765.0,EUR/LKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (trucks),2020.0 -Battery electric (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (trucks),2020.0 -BioSNG,C in fuel,0.3321,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,C stored,0.6679,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,CO2 stored,0.2449,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,FOM,1.6195,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Fixed O&M",2020.0 -BioSNG,VOM,2.3395,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Variable O&M",2020.0 -BioSNG,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -BioSNG,efficiency,0.615,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Bio SNG Output",2020.0 -BioSNG,investment,2179.97,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Specific investment",2020.0 -BioSNG,lifetime,25.0,years,TODO,"84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -BtL,C in fuel,0.2571,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,C stored,0.7429,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,CO2 stored,0.2724,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,FOM,2.5263,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Fixed O&M",2020.0 -BtL,VOM,1.1299,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Variable O&M",2020.0 -BtL,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -BtL,efficiency,0.3667,per unit,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Electricity Output",2020.0 -BtL,investment,3378.3027,EUR/kW_th,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Specific investment",2017.0 -BtL,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Technical lifetime",2020.0 -CCGT,FOM,3.3392,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -CCGT,VOM,4.5504,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Variable O&M",2015.0 -CCGT,c_b,1.9,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -CCGT,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -CCGT,efficiency,0.57,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -CCGT,investment,904.7795,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Nominal investment",2015.0 -CCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -CH4 (g) fill compressor station,FOM,1.7,%/year,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0 -CH4 (g) fill compressor station,investment,1654.96,EUR/MW_CH4,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station cost.","Assume same ratio as between H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station, i.e. 1:19 , due to a lack of reliable numbers.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) fill compressor station,lifetime,20.0,years,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,FOM,1.5,%/year,Assume same as for H2 (g) pipeline in 2050 (CH4 pipeline as mature technology).,"Due to lack of numbers, use comparable H2 pipeline assumptions.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,electricity-input,0.01,MW_e/1000km/MW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: 112 6 gas Main distri line.","Assumption for gas pipeline >100MW, 0.1% per station and spacing of 100km yields 1%/1000km. Electric compression.",2015.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,investment,87.22,EUR/MW/km,Guesstimate.,"Based on Arab Gas Pipeline: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Gas_Pipeline: cost = 1.2e9 $-US (year = ?), capacity=10.3e9 m^3/a NG, l=1200km, NG-LHV=39MJ/m^3*90% (also Wikipedia estimate from here https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_of_combustion). Presumed to include booster station cost.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,lifetime,50.0,years,Assume same as for H2 (g) pipeline in 2050 (CH4 pipeline as mature technology).,"Due to lack of numbers, use comparable H2 pipeline assumptions.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,FOM,3.0,%/year,"d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material.",-,2015.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,electricity-input,0.01,MW_e/1000km/MW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: 112 6 gas Main distri line.","Assumption for gas pipeline >100MW, 0.1% per station and spacing of 100km yields 1%/1000km. Electric compression.",2015.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,investment,119.3173,EUR/MW/km,Kaiser (2017): 10.1016/j.marpol.2017.05.003 .,"Based on Gulfstream pipeline costs (430 mi long pipeline for natural gas in deep/shallow waters) of 2.72e6 USD/mi and 1.31 bn ft^3/d capacity (36 in diameter), LHV of methane 13.8888 MWh/t and density of 0.657 kg/m^3 and 1.17 USD:1EUR conversion rate = 102.4 EUR/MW/km. Number is without booster station cost. Estimation of additional cost for booster stations based on H2 (g) pipeline numbers from Guidehouse (2020): European Hydrogen Backbone report and Danish Energy Agency (2021): Technology Data for Energy Transport, were booster stations make ca. 6% of pipeline cost; here add additional 10% for booster stations as they need to be constructed submerged or on plattforms. (102.4*1.1).",2014.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,lifetime,30.0,years,"d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material.",-,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,capacity,58300.0,t_CH4,"Calculated, based on Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",based on 138 000 m^3 capacity and LNG density of 0.4226 t/m^3 .,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,investment,159791465.6831,EUR,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,lifetime,25.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2015.0 -CH4 evaporation,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 evaporation,investment,91.1101,EUR/kW_CH4,"Calculated, based on Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306","based on 100 MUSD-2005/(1 bcm/a), 1 bcm = 10.6 TWh, currency exchange rate: 1.15 USD=1 EUR.",2005.0 -CH4 evaporation,lifetime,30.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,electricity-input,0.036,MWh_el/MWh_CH4,"Pospíšil et al. (2019): Energy demand of liquefaction and regasification of natural gas and the potential of LNG for operative thermal energy storage (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.09.027), Table 2 and Table 3. alternative source 2: https://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/methane (accessed 2021-02-10).","Assuming 0.5 MWh/t_CH4 for refigeration cycle based on Table 2 of source; cleaning of gas presumed unnecessary as it should be nearly pure CH4 (=SNG). Assuming energy required is only electricity which is for Table 3 in the source provided with efficiencies of ~50% of LHV, making the numbers consistent with the numbers in Table 2.", -CH4 liquefaction,investment,241.443,EUR/kW_CH4,"Calculated, based on Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306","based on 265 MUSD-2005/(1 bcm/a), 1 bcm = 10.6 TWh, currency exchange rate: 1.15 USD=1 EUR.",2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,lifetime,25.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,methane-input,1.0,MWh_CH4/MWh_CH4,"Pospíšil et al. (2019): Energy demand of liquefaction and regasification of natural gas and the potential of LNG for operative thermal energy storage (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.09.027), Table 2 and Table 3. alternative source 2: https://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/methane (accessed 2021-02-10).","For refrigeration cycle, cleaning of gas presumed unnecessary as it should be nearly pure CH4 (=SNG). Assuming energy required is only electricity which is for Table 3 in the source provided with efficiencies of ~50% of LHV, making the numbers consistent with the numbers in Table 2.", -CO2 liquefaction,FOM,5.0,%/year,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,,2004.0 -CO2 liquefaction,carbondioxide-input,1.0,t_CO2/t_CO2,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,"Assuming a pure, humid, low-pressure input stream. Neglecting possible gross-effects of CO2 which might be cycled for the cooling process.", -CO2 liquefaction,electricity-input,0.123,MWh_el/t_CO2,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,, -CO2 liquefaction,heat-input,0.0067,MWh_th/t_CO2,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,For drying purposes., -CO2 liquefaction,investment,16.7226,EUR/t_CO2/h,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,"Plant capacity of 20 kt CO2 / d and an uptime of 85%. For a high purity, humid, low pressure input stream, includes drying and compression necessary for liquefaction.",2004.0 -CO2 liquefaction,lifetime,25.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on CH4 liquefaction.",,2004.0 -CO2 pipeline,FOM,0.9,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",,2015.0 -CO2 pipeline,investment,2116.4433,EUR/(tCO2/h)/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",Assuming the 120-500 t CO2/h range that is based on cost of a 12 inch onshore pipeline.,2015.0 -CO2 pipeline,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",,2015.0 -CO2 storage tank,FOM,1.0,%/year,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, pg. 2746 .","Assuming a 3000m^3 pressurised steel cylinder tanks and a CO2 density of 1100 kg/m^3 (close to triple point at -56.6°C and 5.2 bar with max density of 1200kg/m^3 ). Lauri et al. report costs 3x higher per m^3 for steel tanks, which are consistent with other sources. The numbers reported are in rather difficult to pinpoint as systems can greatly vary.",2013.0 -CO2 storage tank,investment,2584.3462,EUR/t_CO2,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, Table 3.","Assuming a 3000m^3 pressurised steel cylinder tanks and a CO2 density of 1100 kg/m^3 (close to triple point at -56.6°C and 5.2 bar with max density of 1200kg/m^3 ). Lauri et al. report costs 3x higher per m^3 for steel tanks, which are consistent with other sources. The numbers reported are in rather difficult to pinpoint as systems can greatly vary.",2013.0 -CO2 storage tank,lifetime,25.0,years,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, pg. 2746 .","Assuming a 3000m^3 pressurised steel cylinder tanks and a CO2 density of 1100 kg/m^3 (close to triple point at -56.6°C and 5.2 bar with max density of 1200kg/m^3 ). Lauri et al. report costs 3x higher per m^3 for steel tanks, which are consistent with other sources. The numbers reported are in rather difficult to pinpoint as systems can greatly vary.",2013.0 -CO2 submarine pipeline,FOM,0.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",,2015.0 -CO2 submarine pipeline,investment,4232.8865,EUR/(tCO2/h)/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",Assuming the 120-500 t CO2/h range that is based on cost of a 12 inch offshore pipeline.,2015.0 -Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,FOM,1.6,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,investment,527507.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,FOM,2.2,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,investment,2000991.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,FOM,2.2,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,investment,2000991.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,FOM,1.8,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,investment,1126.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,FOM,0.9265,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.64 (p.86) Figure 4.14","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,efficiency,0.7211,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.52^0.5']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,investment,946180.9426,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Turbine Compressor BOP EPC Management']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-store,FOM,0.43,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB 4.5.2.1 Fixed O&M p.62 (p.84)","{'carrier': ['pair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-store,investment,5448.7894,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.64 (p.86)","{'carrier': ['pair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Cavern Storage']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['pair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,investment,166105.3393,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,efficiency,0.4343,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,investment,664421.3572,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Concrete-store,FOM,0.3269,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['concrete'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Concrete-store,investment,26738.4056,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['concrete'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -Concrete-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['concrete'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -"Container feeder, ammonia",efficiency,0.7754,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container feeder, ammonia",investment,41959454.4301,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container feeder, ammonia",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container feeder, diesel",efficiency,0.7718,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, diesel",2023.0 -"Container feeder, diesel",investment,34966212.0251,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, diesel",2023.0 -"Container feeder, diesel",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, diesel",2023.0 -"Container feeder, methanol",efficiency,0.7711,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, methanol",2023.0 -"Container feeder, methanol",investment,38462833.2276,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, methanol",2023.0 -"Container feeder, methanol",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, methanol",2023.0 -"Container, ammonia",efficiency,1.7094,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container, ammonia",investment,143583536.7421,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container, ammonia",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container, diesel",efficiency,1.6399,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, diesel",2023.0 -"Container, diesel",investment,119652947.2851,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, diesel",2023.0 -"Container, diesel",lifetime,31.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, diesel",2023.0 -"Container, methanol",efficiency,1.7001,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, methanol",2023.0 -"Container, methanol",investment,131618242.0136,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, methanol",2023.0 -"Container, methanol",lifetime,31.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, methanol",2023.0 -Diesel Bus city,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,Motor size,250.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,efficiency,2.2786,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,investment,150756.2732,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,Motor size,350.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,efficiency,2.393,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,investment,231296.0768,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,FOM,0.0005,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,Motor size,380.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,efficiency,3.4385,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,investment,142012.114,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,lifetime,10.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,Motor size,235.1724,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,efficiency,2.3586,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,investment,155444.0931,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,Motor size,382.3529,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,efficiency,3.4819,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,investment,177515.1425,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,Motor size,375.8621,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,VOM,0.0979,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,efficiency,1.6958,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,investment,356178.0895,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Coach,FOM,0.0001,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,Motor size,375.8621,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,efficiency,1.6864,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,investment,653008.177,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,Motor size,492.2414,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,efficiency,2.6623,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,investment,255848.6038,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,lifetime,10.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,Motor size,363.7931,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,efficiency,1.7934,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,investment,276930.7366,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,Motor size,363.7931,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,efficiency,2.9676,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,investment,299001.7859,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FT fuel transport ship,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -FT fuel transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_FTfuel,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -FT fuel transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -FT fuel transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.1.",,2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,VOM,5.0512,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",102 Hydrogen to Jet: Variable O&M,2020.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -Fischer-Tropsch,carbondioxide-input,0.343,t_CO2/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","Input per 1t FT liquid fuels output, carbon efficiency increases with years (4.3, 3.9, 3.6, 3.3 t_CO2/t_FT from 2020-2050 with LHV 11.95 MWh_th/t_FT).", -Fischer-Tropsch,efficiency,0.799,per unit,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.2.",,2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,electricity-input,0.0075,MWh_el/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","0.005 MWh_el input per FT output, output increasing from 2020 to 2050 (0.65, 0.7, 0.73, 0.75 MWh liquid FT output).", -Fischer-Tropsch,hydrogen-input,1.476,MWh_H2/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","0.995 MWh_H2 per output, output increasing from 2020 to 2050 (0.65, 0.7, 0.73, 0.75 MWh liquid FT output).", -Fischer-Tropsch,investment,761417.4621,EUR/MW_FT,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 8: “Reference scenario”.","Well developed technology, no significant learning expected.",2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (04/2022), Data sheet “Methanol to Power”.",,2017.0 -Gasnetz,FOM,2.5,%,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz,2020.0 -Gasnetz,investment,28.0,EUR/kWGas,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz,2020.0 -Gasnetz,lifetime,30.0,years,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz,2020.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),FOM,6.25,%/year,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , figure 7 and pg. 12 .",Assuming ca. 10 EUR/m^3/a (center value between stand alone and addon facility).,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),investment,137.8999,EUR/m^3,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 8F .",Assumed 20% lower than for product storage. Crude or middle distillate tanks are usually larger compared to product storage due to lower requirements on safety and different construction method. Reference size used here: 80 000 – 120 000 m^3 .,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),lifetime,30.0,years,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 11.",,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),FOM,6.25,%/year,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , figure 7 and pg. 12 .",Assuming ca. 10 EUR/m^3/a (center value between stand alone and addon facility).,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),investment,172.3748,EUR/m^3,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 8F .",Assumed at the higher end for addon facilities/mid-range for stand-alone facilities. Product storage usually smaller due to higher requirements on safety and different construction method. Reference size used here: 40 000 - 60 000 m^3 .,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),lifetime,30.0,years,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 11.",,2012.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.76 (p.98) Sentence 1 in 4.7.2 Operating Costs","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['1.5 percent of capital cost']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,efficiency,0.9274,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.36","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.86^0.5']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,investment,415570.5177,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 0% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,lifetime,41.7,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.36","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-store,investment,172353.7601,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 15% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['gravity'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Gravitational Capital (SB+BOS)']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-store,lifetime,41.7,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.36","{'carrier': ['gravity'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.76 (p.98) Sentence 1 in 4.7.2 Operating Costs","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['1.5 percent of capital cost']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,efficiency,0.9014,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level ((0.785+0.84)/2)^0.5']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,investment,365630.713,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 0% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-store,investment,133234.2464,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 15% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['gravitywa'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Gravitational Capital (SB+BOS)']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['gravitywa'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.76 (p.98) Sentence 1 in 4.7.2 Operating Costs","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['1.5 percent of capital cost']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,efficiency,0.9014,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level ((0.785+0.84)/2)^0.5']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,investment,905158.9602,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 0% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-store,investment,104935.0238,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 15% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['gravitywu'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Gravitational Capital (SB+BOS)']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['gravitywu'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -H2 (g) fill compressor station,FOM,1.7,%/year,"Guidehouse 2020: European Hydrogen Backbone report, https://guidehouse.com/-/media/www/site/downloads/energy/2020/gh_european-hydrogen-backbone_report.pdf (table 3, table 5)","Pessimistic (highest) value chosen for 48'' pipeline w/ 13GW_H2 LHV @ 100bar pressure. Currency year: Not clearly specified, assuming year of publication. Forecast year: Not clearly specified, guessing based on text remarks.",2020.0 -H2 (g) fill compressor station,investment,4738.7164,EUR/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), pg. 164, Figure 14 (Fill compressor).","Assumption for staging 35→140bar, 6000 MW_HHV single line pipeline. Considering HHV/LHV ration for H2.",2015.0 -H2 (g) fill compressor station,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), pg. 168, Figure 24 (Fill compressor).",,2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,FOM,3.5833,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, > 6000 MW_HHV single line pipeline, incl. booster station investments. Considering LHV by scaling with LHV/HHV=0.8462623413.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,electricity-input,0.02,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,investment,303.6845,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 4.4 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, > 6000 MW_HHV single line pipeline, incl. booster station investments. Considering LHV by scaling with LHV/HHV=0.8462623413.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,FOM,3.5833,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.",Same as for new H2 (g) pipeline.,2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,electricity-input,0.02,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,investment,129.4682,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line repurposed pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 0.8 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.",Same as for new H2 (g) pipeline.,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,FOM,3.0,%/year,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,electricity-input,0.02,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,investment,456.1165,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line offshore pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 7.48 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,lifetime,30.0,years,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,FOM,3.0,%/year,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,electricity-input,0.02,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,investment,160.1562,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line repurposed offshore pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 1.5 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,lifetime,30.0,years,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (l) storage tank,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.",Assuming currency year and technology year here (25 EUR/kg).,2015.0 -H2 (l) storage tank,investment,793.7456,EUR/MWh_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.","Assuming currency year and technology year here (25 EUR/kg). Future target cost. Today’s cost potentially higher according to d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material pg. 16.",2015.0 -H2 (l) storage tank,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.",Assuming currency year and technology year here (25 EUR/kg).,2015.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,capacity,11000.0,t_H2,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,investment,393737000.0,EUR,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,lifetime,20.0,years,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 evaporation,FOM,2.5,%/year,"DNV GL (2020): Study on the Import of Liquid Renewable Energy: Technology Cost Assessment, https://www.gie.eu/wp-content/uploads/filr/2598/DNV-GL_Study-GLE-Technologies-and-costs-analysis-on-imports-of-liquid-renewable-energy.pdf .",,2020.0 -H2 evaporation,investment,146.8405,EUR/kW_H2,"IRENA (2022): Global Hydrogen Trade to Meet the 1.5° Climate Goal: Technology Review of Hydrogen Carriers, https://www.irena.org/publications/2022/Apr/Global-hydrogen-trade-Part-II , pg. 62f.","Pessimistic assumption for large scale facility / near-term estimate for medium sized facility, in between low / mid estimate with e.g. DNV numbers (Fig. 3.15).; and Optimistic assumption for large scale facility 2500 t/d, cf Fig. 3.15 .",2022.0 -H2 evaporation,lifetime,20.0,years,Guesstimate.,Based on lifetime of liquefaction plant.,2015.0 -H2 liquefaction,FOM,2.5,%/year,"DNV GL (2020): Study on the Import of Liquid Renewable Energy: Technology Cost Assessment, https://www.gie.eu/wp-content/uploads/filr/2598/DNV-GL_Study-GLE-Technologies-and-costs-analysis-on-imports-of-liquid-renewable-energy.pdf .",,2020.0 -H2 liquefaction,electricity-input,0.203,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"Heuser et al. (2019): Techno-economic analysis of a potential energy trading link between Patagonia and Japan based on CO2 free hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.12.156), table 1.","6.78 kWh/kg_H2, considering H2 with LHV of 33.3333 MWh/t", -H2 liquefaction,hydrogen-input,1.017,MWh_H2/MWh_H2,"Heuser et al. (2019): Techno-economic analysis of a potential energy trading link between Patagonia and Japan based on CO2 free hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.12.156), table 1.",corresponding to 1.65% losses during liquefaction, -H2 liquefaction,investment,889.9426,EUR/kW_H2,"IRENA (2022): Global Hydrogen Trade to Meet the 1.5° Climate Goal: Technology Review of Hydrogen Carriers, https://www.irena.org/publications/2022/Apr/Global-hydrogen-trade-Part-II , pg. 62f.","Assumption for a 200t/d facility (Pessimistic long-term or optimistic short-term value).; and Assumption for a large >300t/d, e.g. 2500 t/d facility (Optimistic long-term value without change in base technology mentioned in report).",2022.0 -H2 liquefaction,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2022.0 -H2 pipeline,FOM,3.0,%/year,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -H2 pipeline,investment,282.5452,EUR/MW/km,Welder et al https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.05.059, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -H2 pipeline,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,FOM,5.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,VOM,0.5118,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,electricity-input,0.097,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification,investment,1467.9399,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification,wood-input,1.804,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification CC,FOM,5.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification CC,VOM,0.5232,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification CC,electricity-input,0.143,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification CC,investment,1489.0957,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification CC,wood-input,1.804,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification,FOM,5.9,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification,VOM,0.6677,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification,coal-input,1.77,MWh_coal/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification,electricity-input,0.07,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification,investment,526.0516,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification CC,FOM,7.9,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification CC,VOM,0.2275,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification CC,coal-input,1.77,MWh_coal/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification CC,electricity-input,0.111,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification CC,investment,591.9076,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,FOM,5.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,VOM,0.1592,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,electricity-input,0.063,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,investment,491.1331,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,lifetime,25.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,oil-input,1.3,MWh_oil/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,FOM,4.9,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,VOM,0.2673,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,electricity-input,0.02,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,gas-input,1.32,MWh_NG/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,investment,228.8467,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,FOM,5.2,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,VOM,0.3412,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,electricity-input,0.05,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,gas-input,1.52,MWh_NG/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,investment,310.2851,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,FOM,4.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,VOM,0.7393,EUR/MWh,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,electricity-input,0.044,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,investment,590.6564,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,wood-input,1.36,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -HVAC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVAC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVAC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,investment,165803.0398,EUR/MW,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC submarine,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0 -HVDC submarine,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1,2017.0 -HVDC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0 -HVDC underground,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 -HVDC underground,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1 (same as for HVDC submarine),2017.0 -HVDC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 -Haber-Bosch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,VOM,0.0225,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Variable O&M,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,electricity-input,0.2473,MWh_el/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), table 11.",Assume 5 GJ/t_NH3 for compressors and NH3 LHV = 5.16666 MWh/t_NH3., -Haber-Bosch,hydrogen-input,1.1484,MWh_H2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.","178 kg_H2 per t_NH3, LHV for both assumed.", -Haber-Bosch,investment,1622.5424,EUR/kW_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,nitrogen-input,0.1597,t_N2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.",".33 MWh electricity are required for ASU per t_NH3, considering 0.4 MWh are required per t_N2 and LHV of NH3 of 5.1666 Mwh.", -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,investment,166045.8871,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,efficiency,0.4444,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,investment,664183.5486,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['salthight'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-store,investment,103333.7792,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['salthight'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['salthight'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),FOM,1.1,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),efficiency,0.48,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),investment,43500.0,EUR/PKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),FOM,12.5,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),efficiency,0.56,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),investment,122291.0,EUR/LKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,FOM,0.5473,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,efficiency,0.6963,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133) include inverter 0.98 & transformer efficiency 0.98 ","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Electrolyzer']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,investment,825760.6159,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.113 (p.135)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Electrolyzer']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,lifetime,30.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,FOM,0.5307,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,efficiency,0.4869,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133) include inverter 0.98 & transformer efficiency 0.98 ","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Fuel Cell']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,investment,822421.3869,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.113 (p.135)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Fuel Cell']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,lifetime,30.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-store,FOM,0.43,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB =(C38+C39)*0.43/4","{'carrier': ['h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-store,investment,4779.9527,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.113 (p.135)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Cavern Storage']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-store,lifetime,30.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LNG storage tank,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank with comparable requirements.",Currency year and technology year assumed based on publication date.,2019.0 -LNG storage tank,investment,666.634,EUR/m^3,"Hurskainen 2019, https://cris.vtt.fi/en/publications/liquid-organic-hydrogen-carriers-lohc-concept-evaluation-and-tech pg. 46 (59).",Currency year and technology year assumed based on publication date.,2019.0 -LNG storage tank,lifetime,20.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank with comparable requirements.",Currency year and technology year assumed based on publication date.,2019.0 -LOHC chemical,investment,2500.0,EUR/t,"Runge et al 2020, pg.7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC chemical,lifetime,20.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, pg.7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation,investment,53681.4988,EUR/MW_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",per MW H2 (LHV). For a large plant of 1000 MW capacity. Calculated based on base CAPEX of 30 MEUR for 300 t/day capacity and a scale factor of 0.6.,2015.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),FOM,3.0,%/year,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),investment,839000.0,EUR/MW_H2,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",MW of H2 LHV. For a small plant of 0.9 MW capacity.,2020.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),lifetime,20.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,electricity-input,0.004,MWh_el/t_HLOHC,Niermann et al. (2019): (https://doi.org/10.1039/C8EE02700E). 6A .,"Flow in figures shows 0.2 MW for 114 MW_HHV = 96.4326 MW_LHV = 2.89298 t hydrogen. At 5.6 wt-% effective H2 storage for loaded LOHC (H18-DBT, HLOHC), corresponds to 51.6604 t loaded LOHC .", -LOHC hydrogenation,hydrogen-input,1.867,MWh_H2/t_HLOHC,"Runge et al 2020, pg. 7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",Considering 5.6 wt-% H2 in loaded LOHC (HLOHC) and LHV of H2., -LOHC hydrogenation,investment,54243.958,EUR/MW_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",per MW H2 (LHV). For a large plant of 2000 MW capacity. Calculated based on base CAPEX of 40 MEUR for 300 t/day capacity and a scale factor of 0.6.,2015.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,lohc-input,0.944,t_LOHC/t_HLOHC,"Runge et al 2020, pg. 7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514","Loaded LOHC (H18-DBT, HLOHC) has loaded only 5.6%-wt H2 as rate of discharge is kept at ca. 90%.", -LOHC loaded DBT storage,FOM,6.25,%/year,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -LOHC loaded DBT storage,investment,151.5383,EUR/t,"Density via Wissenschaftliche Dienste des Deutschen Bundestages 2020, https://www.bundestag.de/resource/blob/816048/454e182d5956d45a664da9eb85486f76/WD-8-058-20-pdf-data.pdf , pg. 11.","Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared. Density of loaded LOHC H18-DBT is 0.91 t/m^3.",2012.0 -LOHC loaded DBT storage,lifetime,30.0,years,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -LOHC transport ship,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_LOHC,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC unloaded DBT storage,FOM,6.25,%/year,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -LOHC unloaded DBT storage,investment,134.2745,EUR/t,"Density via Wissenschaftliche Dienste des Deutschen Bundestages 2020, https://www.bundestag.de/resource/blob/816048/454e182d5956d45a664da9eb85486f76/WD-8-058-20-pdf-data.pdf , pg. 11.","Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared. Density of loaded LOHC H18-DBT is 0.91 t/m^3, density of unloaded LOHC H0-DBT is 1.04 t/m^3 but unloading is only to 90% (depth-of-discharge), assume density via linearisation of 1.027 t/m^3.",2012.0 -LOHC unloaded DBT storage,lifetime,30.0,years,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,FOM,2.4245,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,efficiency,0.8832,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.78^0.5']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,investment,139292.4203,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-store,FOM,0.2464,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['lead'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-store,investment,342960.6179,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['lead'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-store,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['lead'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),FOM,1.6,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),efficiency,0.215,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),investment,24309.0,EUR/PKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),FOM,17.5,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),efficiency,0.373,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),investment,102543.0,EUR/LKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,FOM,0.366,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,investment,489692.4838,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Figure 9 of reference roughly 80% of capital cost are power related 47%/80% of costs are required for liquefaction (charging)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,FOM,0.5212,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,efficiency,0.55,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE 0.545 assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,investment,343826.6375,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, NULL","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-store,FOM,0.3244,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['lair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-store,investment,172876.939,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['lair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Liquid Air SB and BOS']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['lair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,FOM,2.095,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,efficiency,0.9193,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.8452^0.5']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,investment,88568.8382,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,lifetime,16.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-store,FOM,0.0447,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['lfp'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-store,investment,281086.7853,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['lfp'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-store,lifetime,16.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['lfp'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,FOM,2.095,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,efficiency,0.9193,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.8452^0.5']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,investment,88568.8382,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,lifetime,13.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-store,FOM,0.0379,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['nmc'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-store,investment,320844.4187,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['nmc'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-store,lifetime,13.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['nmc'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,investment,146783.3911,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,efficiency,0.5394,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,investment,587133.5642,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-store,investment,63731.5141,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_MeOH,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",,2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,investment,18016.8665,EUR/MW_H2,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.","For high temperature steam reforming plant with a capacity of 200 MW_H2 output (6t/h). Reference plant of 1 MW (30kg_H2/h) costs 150kEUR, scale factor of 0.6 assumed.",2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",,2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,methanol-input,1.201,MWh_MeOH/MWh_H2,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",Assuming per 1 t_H2 (with LHV 33.3333 MWh/t): 4.5 MWh_th and 3.2 MWh_el are required. We assume electricity can be substituted / provided with 1:1 as heat energy., -NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank.",,2010.0 -NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,investment,166.8201,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Calculated based on Morgan E. 2013: doi:10.7275/11KT-3F59 , Fig. 55, Fig 58.","Based on estimated for a double-wall liquid ammonia tank (~ambient pressure, -33°C), inner tank from stainless steel, outer tank from concrete including installations for liquefaction/condensation, boil-off gas recovery and safety installations; the necessary installations make only a small fraction of the total cost. The total cost are driven by material and working time on the tanks. -While the costs do not scale strictly linearly, we here assume they do (good approximation c.f. ref. Fig 55.) and take the costs for a 9 kt NH3 (l) tank = 8 M$2010, which is smaller 4-5x smaller than the largest deployed tanks today. -We assume an exchange rate of 1.17$ to 1 €. -The investment value is given per MWh NH3 store capacity, using the LHV of NH3 of 5.18 MWh/t.",2010.0 -NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,lifetime,20.0,years,"Morgan E. 2013: doi:10.7275/11KT-3F59 , pg. 290",,2010.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B",,2019.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,capacity,53000.0,t_NH3,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B",,2019.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,investment,81164200.0,EUR,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B",,2019.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,lifetime,20.0,years,"Guess estimated based on H2 (l) tanker, but more mature technology",,2019.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,FOM,2.095,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['((0.75-0.87)/2)^0.5 mean value of range efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,investment,88568.8382,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) same as Li-LFP","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-store,FOM,0.225,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-store,investment,306333.1401,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-store,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -OCGT,FOM,1.7784,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -OCGT,VOM,4.762,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Variable O&M,2015.0 -OCGT,efficiency,0.405,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","52 OCGT - Natural gas: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -OCGT,investment,470.4853,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 -OCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -PEM electrolyzer small size,FOM,3.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW,2010.0 -PEM electrolyzer small size,electricity-input,1.38,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW, -PEM electrolyzer small size,investment,1222.7145,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW,2010.0 -PEM electrolyzer small size,lifetime,6.5,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`","Likely stack lifetime, rather than electrolyzer system lifetime", -PHS,FOM,1.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -PHS,efficiency,0.75,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -PHS,investment,2274.8177,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 -PHS,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,FOM,0.366,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Charger']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,investment,784485.9619,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Figure 9 of reference roughly 80% of capital cost are power related 47%/80% of costs are required for liquefaction (charging)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,lifetime,33.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,FOM,0.5212,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,efficiency,0.63,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE 0.62 assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,investment,550809.2924,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, NULL","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,lifetime,33.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-store,FOM,0.1071,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.103 (p.125)","{'carrier': ['phes'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-store,investment,21420.3118,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.92 (p.114)","{'carrier': ['phes'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Molten Salt based SB and BOS']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-store,lifetime,33.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['phes'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,FOM,0.9951,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, Figure 4.16","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,efficiency,0.8944,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.8^0.5']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,investment,1397128.4612,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Powerhouse Construction & Infrastructure']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-store,FOM,0.43,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['phs'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-store,investment,57074.0625,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['phs'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Reservoir Construction & Infrastructure']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['phs'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -SMR,FOM,5.0,%/year,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR,efficiency,0.76,per unit (in LHV),"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SMR,investment,522201.0492,EUR/MW_CH4,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR,lifetime,30.0,years,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SMR CC,FOM,5.0,%/year,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR CC,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",wide range: capture rates between 54%-90%, -SMR CC,efficiency,0.69,per unit (in LHV),"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SMR CC,investment,605753.2171,EUR/MW_CH4,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR CC,lifetime,30.0,years,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SOEC,FOM,4.0,%/year,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,US-based assumptions for a Conservative cost scenario,2022.0 -SOEC,electricity-input,1.205,MWh_el/MWh_H2,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,, -SOEC,investment,2301.3915,USD/kW,"ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions, https://theicct.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/fuels-eu-cost-renew-H-produced-onsite-H-refueling-stations-europe-feb22.pdf adjusted according to DOE observations https://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/docs/hydrogenprogramlibraries/pdfs/24005-clean-hydrogen-production-cost-pem-electrolyzer.pdf?sfvrsn=8cb10889_1#:~:text=This%20Record%20shows%20that%20the,factors%20of%2050%2D75%25",US-based assumptions for a Conservative cost scenario,2022.0 -SOEC,lifetime,30.0,years,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,, -Sand-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Sand-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Sand-charger,investment,148408.4164,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Sand-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,efficiency,0.53,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,investment,593633.6658,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Sand-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['sand'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Sand-store,investment,7357.7979,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.100 (p.122)","{'carrier': ['sand'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -Sand-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['sand'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Steam methane reforming,FOM,3.0,%/year,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW).,2015.0 -Steam methane reforming,investment,497454.611,EUR/MW_H2,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW). Currency conversion 1.17 USD = 1 EUR.,2015.0 -Steam methane reforming,lifetime,30.0,years,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW).,2015.0 -Steam methane reforming,methane-input,1.483,MWh_CH4/MWh_H2,"Keipi et al (2018): Economic analysis of hydrogen production by methane thermal decomposition (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2017.12.063), table 2.","Large scale SMR plant producing 2.5 kg/s H2 output (assuming 33.3333 MWh/t H2 LHV), with 6.9 kg/s CH4 input (feedstock) and 2 kg/s CH4 input (energy). Neglecting water consumption.", -"Tank&bulk, diesel",efficiency,0.462,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, diesel",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, diesel",investment,35129312.4041,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, diesel",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, diesel",lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, diesel",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, methanol",efficiency,0.4695,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, methanol",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, methanol",investment,38642243.6445,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, methanol",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, methanol",lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, methanol",2023.0 -"Tankbulk, ammonia",efficiency,0.471,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tankbulk, ammonia",2023.0 -"Tankbulk, ammonia",investment,42155174.885,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tankbulk, ammonia",2023.0 -"Tankbulk, ammonia",lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tankbulk, ammonia",2023.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,FOM,2.4212,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,efficiency,0.8062,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.65^0.5']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,investment,139486.6307,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-store,FOM,0.234,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['vanadium'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-store,investment,287843.5219,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['vanadium'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-store,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['vanadium'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,FOM,2.4395,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,efficiency,0.7937,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.25 ","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['(0.63)^0.5 efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,investment,129023.0526,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,lifetime,25.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-store,FOM,0.1773,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-store,investment,184643.5101,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.48 (p.70) text below Table 4.12","{'carrier': ['znair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-store,lifetime,25.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['znair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,FOM,2.2974,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,efficiency,0.8307,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.25 ","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['(0.69)^0.5 efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,investment,107925.4668,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,lifetime,10.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.27","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-store,FOM,0.2713,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znbrflow'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-store,investment,444465.2527,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['znbrflow'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-store,lifetime,10.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.27","{'carrier': ['znbrflow'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,FOM,2.4395,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,efficiency,0.8888,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.25","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': [' (0.79)^0.5 efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,investment,129023.0526,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,FOM,0.2362,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,investment,258047.096,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -air separation unit,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -air separation unit,electricity-input,0.25,MWh_el/t_N2,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), p.288.","For consistency reasons use value from Danish Energy Agency. DEA also reports range of values (0.2-0.4 MWh/t_N2) on pg. 288. Other efficienices reported are even higher, e.g. 0.11 Mwh/t_N2 from Morgan (2013): Techno-Economic Feasibility Study of Ammonia Plants Powered by Offshore Wind .", -air separation unit,investment,912034.4091,EUR/t_N2/h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 -air separation unit,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -allam,VOM,2.0,EUR/MWh,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -allam,efficiency,0.6,p.u.,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -allam,investment,1500.0,EUR/kW,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -allam,lifetime,30.0,years,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,FOM,5.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.99,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",CO2 volume captured / (Stream flowrate * Max. capacity utilization * CO2 in exhaust * 8760),2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.1,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,investment,929753.03,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 41 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 389000 t/year",2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -battery inverter,FOM,0.2512,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -battery inverter,efficiency,0.955,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2020.0 -battery inverter,investment,228.631,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2020.0 -battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -battery storage,investment,198.8558,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2020.0 -battery storage,lifetime,22.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,FOM,3.4615,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,VOM,823.497,EUR/MWh_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-biochar,0.404,MWh_biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency biochar",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.4848,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency heat",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,investment,167272.82,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.0582,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0 -biodiesel crops,fuel,116.9293,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIORPS1 (rape seed), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -bioethanol crops,CO2 intensity,0.1289,tCO2/MWh_th,,"CO2 released during fermentation of bioethanol crops, based on stochiometric composition: C6H12O6 -> 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2 , i.e. 1 kg ethanol → ~0.956 kg CO₂ (from fermentation) → 0.1289 tCO₂/MWh (with LHV = 26.7 MJ/kg).", -bioethanol crops,fuel,72.2943,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOCRP11 (Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -biogas,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 -biogas,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biogas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, -biogas,fuel,62.4351,EUR/MWhth,JRC and Zappa, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biogas,investment,1097.9155,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 -biogas,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biogas CC,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas CC,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 -biogas CC,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biogas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, -biogas CC,investment,1097.9155,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 -biogas CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biogas manure,fuel,19.8126,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOGAS1 (manure), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,VOM,4.2111,EUR/MWh_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Variable O&M,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,investment,884.3234,EUR/kW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Specific investment,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -biogas upgrading,FOM,17.0397,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Fixed O&M ",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,VOM,4.4251,EUR/MWh output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Variable O&M",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,investment,205.2039,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: investment (upgrading, methane redution and grid injection)",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biomass,FOM,4.5269,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,efficiency,0.468,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,fuel,7.4076,EUR/MWhth,IEA2011b, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,investment,2337.6116,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,lifetime,30.0,years,ECF2010 in DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass CHP,FOM,3.5955,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass CHP,VOM,2.2255,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -biomass CHP,c_b,0.4554,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -biomass CHP,efficiency,0.2998,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7088,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass CHP,investment,3487.6605,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-electricity-input,0.1,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-heat-output,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,electricity-input,0.03,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-input,0.833,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-output,0.833,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,investment,3000000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass EOP,FOM,3.5955,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass EOP,VOM,2.2255,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -biomass EOP,c_b,0.4554,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -biomass EOP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -biomass EOP,efficiency,0.2998,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass EOP,efficiency-heat,0.7088,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass EOP,investment,3487.6605,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -biomass EOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass HOP,FOM,5.7785,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Fixed O&M, heat output",2015.0 -biomass HOP,VOM,2.5909,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Variable O&M heat output,2015.0 -biomass HOP,efficiency,1.0323,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass HOP,investment,903.7477,EUR/kW_th - heat output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Nominal investment ,2015.0 -biomass HOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -biomass boiler,FOM,7.434,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass boiler,efficiency,0.84,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -biomass boiler,investment,704.761,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Specific investment",2015.0 -biomass boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass boiler,pelletizing cost,9.0,EUR/MWh_pellets,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.109506,,2019.0 -biomass-to-methanol,C in fuel,0.4028,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,C stored,0.5972,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,CO2 stored,0.219,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,FOM,1.1905,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,VOM,18.0816,EUR/MWh_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Variable O&M,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency,0.595,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Methanol Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-electricity,0.02,MWh_e/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Electricity Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-heat,0.22,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: District heat Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,investment,4348.8608,EUR/kW_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Specific investment,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,FOM,14.18,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",123.67 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘BF-BOF’.,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,coal-input,1.43,MWh_coal/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15). ","Based on process ‘Avg BF-BOF` using 195 kg_PCI/t_HM (PCI = Pulverized Coal Injected; HM = Hot Metal) as substitute for coke, 24 MJ/kg as LHV for coal and 1 : 1.1 as HM-to-steel ratio.",2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15).",,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,investment,7637406.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",871.85 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘Avg BF-BOF’.,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15).",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,ore-input,1.539,t_ore/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",Based on process ‘Avg BF-BOF`,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,scrap-input,0.051,t_scrap/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",Based on process ‘Avg BF-BOF`,2020.0 -cement capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,compression-electricity-input,0.1,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,compression-heat-output,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,electricity-input,0.025,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,heat-input,0.833,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,heat-output,1.65,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,investment,2800000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,FOM,7.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",CO2 volume captured / (Stream flowrate * Max. capacity utilization * CO2 in exhaust * 8760),2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,investment,2587727.173,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 247 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 842000 t/year",2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement dry clinker,FOM,4.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,VOM,5.2911,EUR/t_clinker,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,electricity-input,0.0694,MWh_el/t_clinker,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original values 0.25 PJ per Mt clinker,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,gas-input,0.0002,MWh_NG/t_clinker,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original values 0.0058 PJ per Mt clinker,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,heat-input,0.9444,MWh_th/t_CO2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original values 3.4 PJ per Mt clinker,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,investment,1158752.6816,EUR/t_clinker/h,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original value 125 EUR/t/year,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,lifetime,30.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement finishing,FOM,30.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement finishing,VOM,3.1747,EUR/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement finishing,clinker-input,0.656,t_cl/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND_Trans.xlsx`, Sheet `IND_Trans` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer),2015.0 -cement finishing,electricity-input,0.1736,MWh_el/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND_Trans.xlsx`, Sheet `IND_Trans` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer) with original value 0.6251 PJ per Mt cement.,2015.0 -cement finishing,investment,92700.2145,EUR/t_cement/h,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original value 10 EUR/t/year,2015.0 -cement finishing,lifetime,25.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer),2015.0 -cement finishing,slag-input,0.194,t_slag/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND_Trans.xlsx`, Sheet `IND_Trans` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer),2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.2102,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.3175,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.15,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Total efficiency, net, name plate",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,investment,1006.7765,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central coal CHP,FOM,1.6316,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central coal CHP,VOM,3.0369,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central coal CHP,c_b,0.925,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -central coal CHP,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cv coefficient,2015.0 -central coal CHP,efficiency,0.5025,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","01 Coal CHP: Electricity efficiency, condensation mode, net",2015.0 -central coal CHP,investment,1989.708,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central coal CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.3003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.7884,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,efficiency,5.2,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,investment,704.7435,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas CHP,FOM,3.313,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP,VOM,4.5504,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP,c_b,0.98,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central gas CHP,c_v,0.17,per unit,DEA (loss of fuel for additional heat), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central gas CHP,efficiency,0.405,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central gas CHP,investment,608.4774,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central gas CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,FOM,3.313,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,VOM,4.5504,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,c_b,0.98,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,efficiency,0.405,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,investment,608.4774,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas boiler,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central gas boiler,VOM,1.1111,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central gas boiler,efficiency,1.035,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","44 Natural Gas DH Only: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central gas boiler,investment,58.2022,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central gas boiler,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,FOM,0.8422,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,VOM,4.7812,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,investment,2915.219,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.3733,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.183,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,1.72,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,investment,566.9951,EUR/kW_th excluding drive energy,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,investment,1269.866,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central resistive heater,FOM,1.6077,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central resistive heater,VOM,1.0053,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central resistive heater,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","41 Electric Boilers: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central resistive heater,investment,68.7844,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Nominal investment; 10/15 kV; >10 MW,2015.0 -central resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central solar thermal,FOM,1.4,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solar thermal,investment,148151.0278,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,FOM,2.8762,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,VOM,4.8603,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,c_b,0.3498,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency,0.2694,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.825,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,investment,3642.4702,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,FOM,2.8762,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,VOM,4.8603,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_b,0.3498,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency,0.2694,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.825,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,investment,5617.7823,EUR/kW_e,Combination of central solid biomass CHP CC and solid biomass boiler steam,,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,FOM,2.8762,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,VOM,4.8603,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_b,0.3498,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency,0.2694,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency-heat,0.825,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,investment,3642.4702,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central water pit charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2020.0 -central water pit discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2020.0 -central water pit storage,Bottom storage temperature,35.0,⁰C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Typical bottom storage temperature,2020.0 -central water pit storage,FOM,0.2354,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -central water pit storage,Top storage temperature,90.0,⁰C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Typical max. storage temperature,2020.0 -central water pit storage,energy to power ratio,150.0,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2020.0 -central water pit storage,investment,1.0622,EUR/kWh Capacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Specific investment,2020.0 -central water pit storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -central water pit storage,standing losses,0.0078,%/hour,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Energy losses during storage,2020.0 -central water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2020.0 -central water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2020.0 -central water tank storage,FOM,1.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central water tank storage,energy to power ratio,60.3448,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2020.0 -central water tank storage,investment,3.0361,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Specific investment,2020.0 -central water tank storage,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -central water tank storage,standing losses,0.0077,%/hour,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Energy losses during storage,2020.0 -central water tank storage,temperature difference,55.0,"hot/cold, K","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Typical temperature difference,2020.0 -clean water tank storage,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0 -clean water tank storage,investment,69.1286,EUR/m^3-H2O,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0 -clean water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",, -coal,CO2 intensity,0.3361,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid-Emissionen des deutschen Strommix in den Jahren 1990 - 2018,, -coal,FOM,1.31,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100.",2023.0 -coal,VOM,3.2612,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3+5.5)USD/MWh_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR).",2023.0 -coal,efficiency,0.356,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. 1 / ((8.75+12) MMbtu/MWh_th /2 / (3.4095 MMbtu/MWh_th)), rounded up.",2023.0 -coal,fuel,9.5542,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on IEA 2011 data, 99 USD/t.",2010.0 -coal,investment,3827.1629,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Higher costs include coal plants with CCS, but since using here for calculating the average nevertheless. Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3200+6775) USD/kW_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR).",2023.0 -coal,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 -csp-tower,FOM,1.05,%/year,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power),Ratio between CAPEX and FOM from ATB database for “moderate” scenario.,2020.0 -csp-tower,investment,134.165,"EUR/kW_th,dp",ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include solar field and solar tower as well as EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant). Total costs (223,708,924 USD) are divided by active area (heliostat reflective area, 1,269,054 m2) and multiplied by design point DNI (0.95 kW/m2) to obtain EUR/kW_th. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR.",2020.0 -csp-tower,lifetime,30.0,years,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power),-,2020.0 -csp-tower TES,FOM,1.05,%/year,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -csp-tower TES,investment,17.975,EUR/kWh_th,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include the TES incl. EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant, 2.791 MW_th TES). Total costs (69390776.7 USD) are divided by TES size to obtain EUR/kW_th. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR.",2020.0 -csp-tower TES,lifetime,30.0,years,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -csp-tower power block,FOM,1.05,%/year,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -csp-tower power block,investment,939.87,EUR/kW_e,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include the power cycle incl. BOP and EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant). Total costs (135185685.5 USD) are divided by power block nameplate capacity size to obtain EUR/kW_e. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR.",2020.0 -csp-tower power block,lifetime,30.0,years,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -decentral CHP,FOM,3.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral CHP,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral CHP,investment,1481.5103,EUR/kWel,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,FOM,2.9785,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.3 Air to water existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,947.1084,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,18.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,FOM,6.6243,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,efficiency,0.975,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","202 Natural gas boiler: Total efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,investment,322.1765,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler connection,investment,201.3603,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Possible additional specific investment,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler connection,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,1.8384,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.85,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.7 Ground source existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,1534.4214,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,FOM,2.0,%/year,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,investment,165.0975,EUR/kWth,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf) (+eigene Berechnung), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,FOM,2.0,%/year,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,investment,105.8222,EUR/kWhth,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,FOM,1.3,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,investment,285719.8393,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2020.0 -decentral water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,FOM,1.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,VOM,0.8704,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Variable O&M,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,energy to power ratio,0.15,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,investment,419.8622,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Specific investment,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,standing losses,2.1,%/hour,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Energy losses during storage,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,temperature difference,30.0,"hot/cold, K","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Typical temperature difference,2020.0 -digestible biomass,fuel,17.0611,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOAGRW1, ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0 -digestible biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -digestible biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -digestible biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.39,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, -digestible biomass to hydrogen,investment,3972.2994,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -direct air capture,FOM,4.95,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,compression-electricity-input,0.15,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,compression-heat-output,0.2,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,electricity-input,0.4,MWh_el/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","0.4 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 0.182 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019). Should already include electricity for water scrubbing and compression (high quality CO2 output).",2020.0 -direct air capture,heat-input,1.6,MWh_th/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","Thermal energy demand. Provided via air-sourced heat pumps. 1.6 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 1.102 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019).",2020.0 -direct air capture,heat-output,1.25,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,investment,7000000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct firing gas,FOM,1.197,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas,VOM,0.282,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing gas,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing gas,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,FOM,1.197,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,VOM,0.282,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,FOM,1.5227,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,VOM,0.3301,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,FOM,1.5227,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,VOM,0.3301,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Based on https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/capesize-freight-returns-below-operating-expense-levels-but-shipowners-reject-lay-ups/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","5000 USD/d OPEX, exchange rate: 1.15 USD = 1 EUR; absolute value calculate relative to investment cost.",2020.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,capacity,180000.0,t,-,"DWT; corresponds to size of Capesize bulk carriers which have previously docked at the habour in Hamburg, Germany. Short of 200 kt limit for VLBCs.",2020.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,investment,40000000.0,EUR,"Based on https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/dry-bulk-carriers-in-high-demand-as-rates-keep-rallying/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","See figure for ‘Dry Bulk Newbuild Prices’, Capesize at end of 2020. Exchange rate: 1.15 USD = 1 EUR.",2020.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,lifetime,25.0,years,"Based on https://mfame.guru/fall-life-expectancy-bulk-carriers/, accessed: 2022-12-03.",Expected lifetime.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,FOM,30.0,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","EAF has high OPEX of 62.99 EUR/year/t_steel, presumably because of electrode corrosion.",2020.0 -electric arc furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,electricity-input,0.6395,MWh_el/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘EAF’. ,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,hbi-input,1.0,t_hbi/t_steel,-,Assume HBI instead of scrap as input.Scrap would require higher input (in tonnes) as steel content is lower.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,investment,1839600.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",210 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘EAF’.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,FOM,30.0,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","EAF has high OPEX of 62.99 EUR/year/t_steel, presumably because of electrode corrosion.",2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,electricity-input,0.6395,MWh_el/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘EAF’. ,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,hbi-input,0.37,t_hbi/t_steel,"World Steel Association, Fact Sheet – Steel and raw materials: https://worldsteel.org/wp-content/uploads/Fact-sheet-raw-materials-2023-1.pdf, Accessed 2024-04-17.",Assume HBI instead of scrap as input.Scrap would require higher input (in tonnes) as steel content is lower.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,investment,1839600.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",210 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘EAF’.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,scrap-input,0.71,t_scrap/t_steel,"World Steel Association, Fact Sheet – Steel and raw materials: https://worldsteel.org/wp-content/uploads/Fact-sheet-raw-materials-2023-1.pdf, Accessed 2024-04-17.",,2020.0 -electric boiler steam,FOM,1.3933,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Fixed O&M,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,VOM,0.8761,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Variable O&M,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","310.1 Electric boiler steam : Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -electric boiler steam,investment,75.525,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Nominal investment,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Technical lifetime,2019.0 -electric steam cracker,FOM,3.0,%/year,Guesstimate,,2015.0 -electric steam cracker,VOM,190.4799,EUR/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",,2015.0 -electric steam cracker,carbondioxide-output,0.55,t_CO2/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), ",The report also references another source with 0.76 t_CO2/t_HVC, -electric steam cracker,electricity-input,2.7,MWh_el/t_HVC,"Lechtenböhmer et al. (2016): 10.1016/j.energy.2016.07.110, Section 4.3, page 6.",Assuming electrified processing., -electric steam cracker,investment,11124025.7434,EUR/(t_HVC/h),"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",Assuming CAPEX of 1200 €/t actually given in €/(t/a).,2015.0 -electric steam cracker,lifetime,30.0,years,Guesstimate,, -electric steam cracker,naphtha-input,14.8,MWh_naphtha/t_HVC,"Lechtenböhmer et al. (2016): 10.1016/j.energy.2016.07.110, Section 4.3, page 6.",, -electricity distribution grid,FOM,2.0,%/year,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity distribution grid,investment,529.1108,EUR/kW,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity distribution grid,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity grid connection,FOM,2.0,%/year,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity grid connection,investment,148.151,EUR/kW,DEA, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity grid connection,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electrobiofuels,C in fuel,0.9257,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,FOM,2.5263,%/year,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2015.0 -electrobiofuels,VOM,4.6849,EUR/MWh_th,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2017.0 -electrobiofuels,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -electrobiofuels,efficiency-biomass,1.32,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,efficiency-hydrogen,1.1951,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,efficiency-tot,0.6272,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,investment,512440.2631,EUR/kW_th,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2017.0 -electrolysis,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 -electrolysis,efficiency,0.5874,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 -electrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.264,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 -electrolysis,investment,1800.0,EUR/kW_e,private communications; IEA https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/9e0c82d4-06d2-496b-9542-f184ba803645/TheRoleofE-fuelsinDecarbonisingTransport.pdf,,2020.0 -electrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -electrolysis small,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 -electrolysis small,efficiency,0.5874,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 -electrolysis small,efficiency-heat,0.264,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 -electrolysis small,investment,1400.0,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Specific investment,2020.0 -electrolysis small,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Technical lifetime of plant,2020.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,FOM,7.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.94,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.12,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,investment,928559.735,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 36 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 342000 t/year",2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol from starch crop,FOM,15.2,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original values FIXOM in MEUR/GW divided by INVCOST for the corresponding year",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,VOM,26.3497,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value 6.93 MEUR/PJ VAROM",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,efficiency,0.58,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production. Converted from 0.35 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,investment,650509.9986,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for USA and European production,2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,FOM,18.09,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original values FIXOM in MEUR/GW divided by INVCOST for the corresponding year",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,VOM,23.1751,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production, original value 6.09 MEUR/PJ VAROM",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,efficiency,0.45,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production. Converted from 0.292 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,investment,481416.7648,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for Brazilian production,2015.0 -fuel cell,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -fuel cell,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -fuel cell,investment,1269.866,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -fuelwood,fuel,15.261,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOO (FuelwoodRW), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -gas,CO2 intensity,0.198,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 50 GJ/t CH4,, -gas,fuel,24.568,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -gas boiler steam,FOM,3.9,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,VOM,1.0574,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.925,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -gas boiler steam,investment,50.35,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -gas storage,FOM,0.5368,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",150 Underground Storage of Gas: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -gas storage,investment,0.2366,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",150 Underground Storage of Gas: Specific investment,2020.0 -gas storage,lifetime,100.0,years,TODO no source,"150 Underground Storage of Gas: estimation: most underground storage are already built, they do have a long lifetime",2020.0 -gas storage charger,investment,15.2479,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",,2020.0 -gas storage discharger,investment,5.0826,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",,2020.0 -geothermal,CO2 intensity,0.12,tCO2/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",Likely to be improved; Average of 85 percent of global egs power plant capacity; Result of fluid circulation through rock formations,2020.0 -geothermal,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",See Supplemental Material of source for details,2020.0 -geothermal,district heat surcharge,25.0,%,Frey et al. 2022: Techno-Economic Assessment of Geothermal Resources in the Variscan Basement of the Northern Upper Rhine Graben,"If capital cost of electric generation from EGS is 100%, district heating adds additional 25%. Costs incurred by piping.",2020.0 -geothermal,district heat-input,0.8,MWh_thdh/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, District Heat-output. This is an assessment of typical heat losses when heat is transmitted from the EGS plant to the DH network, This is a rough estimate, depends on local conditions",2020.0 -geothermal,lifetime,30.0,years,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",,2020.0 -helmeth,FOM,3.0,%/year,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -helmeth,efficiency,0.8,per unit,HELMETH press release, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -helmeth,investment,2116.4433,EUR/kW,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -helmeth,lifetime,25.0,years,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -home battery inverter,FOM,0.2512,%/year,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -home battery inverter,efficiency,0.955,per unit,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2020.0 -home battery inverter,investment,322.8471,EUR/kW,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2020.0 -home battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -home battery storage,investment,281.5588,EUR/kWh,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2020.0 -home battery storage,lifetime,22.5,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -hydro,FOM,1.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -hydro,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -hydro,investment,2274.8177,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 -hydro,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,FOM,11.3,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","55.28 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ OPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15).",,2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,electricity-input,1.03,MWh_el/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ reduced by electricity demand of process ‘EAF’.,2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,hydrogen-input,2.1,MWh_H2/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2022-12-05). ","63 kg H2/t steel for process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ according to documentation (raw input files for MPP model list 73 kg H2 / t steel, which seems to high and is probably incorrect).",2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,investment,4277858.0,EUR/t_HBI/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","488.34 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ CAPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,ore-input,1.59,t_ore/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03). ",Based on process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’.,2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,compression-electricity-input,0.05,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.",1.707 kWh/kg.,2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,investment,87.69,EUR/kW_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.","2923 EUR/kg_H2. For a 206 kg/h compressor. Base CAPEX 40 528 EUR/kW_el with scale factor 0.4603. kg_H2 converted to MWh using LHV. Pressure range: 30 bar in, 250 bar out.",2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,lifetime,15.0,years,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,investment,13.5,EUR/kWh_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.","450 EUR/kg_H2 converted with LHV to MWh. For a type 1 hydrogen storage tank (steel, 15-250 bar). Currency year assumed 2020 for initial publication of reference; observe note in SI.4.3 that no currency year is explicitly stated in the reference.",2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,lifetime,20.0,years,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,min_fill_level,6.0,%,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,FOM,1.0794,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,investment,54.1855,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Specific investment,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,lifetime,27.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,FOM,0.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,VOM,0.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Variable O&M,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,investment,2.6585,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Specific investment,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,lifetime,100.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,FOM,0.0929,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,VOM,3.2526,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Variable O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,efficiency,3.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,investment,996.93,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Nominal investment,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,FOM,0.1115,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,VOM,3.2526,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Variable O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,efficiency,2.625,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,investment,830.775,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -iron ore DRI-ready,commodity,97.73,EUR/t,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://missionpossiblepartnership.org/action-sectors/steel/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","DRI ready assumes 65% iron content, requiring no additional benefication.",2020.0 -iron-air battery,FOM,1.0219,%/year,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery,investment,25.1342,EUR/kWh,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery,lifetime,17.5,years,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery charge,efficiency,0.7,per unit,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery discharge,efficiency,0.59,per unit,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -lignite,CO2 intensity,0.4069,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid-Emissionen des deutschen Strommix in den Jahren 1990 - 2018,, -lignite,FOM,1.31,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,VOM,3.2612,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3+5.5)USD/MWh_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR). Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,efficiency,0.33,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. 1 / ((8.75+12) MMbtu/MWh_th /2 / (3.4095 MMbtu/MWh_th)), rounded up. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,fuel,3.2985,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on IEA 2011 data, 10 USD/t.",2010.0 -lignite,investment,3827.1629,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Higher costs include coal plants with CCS, but since using here for calculating the average nevertheless. Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3200+6775) USD/kW_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR). Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf .",2023.0 -lignite,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -methanation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.2.3.1",,2017.0 -methanation,carbondioxide-input,0.198,t_CO2/MWh_CH4,"Götz et al. (2016): Renewable Power-to-Gas: A technological and economic review (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2015.07.066), Fig. 11 .",Additional H2 required for methanation process (2x H2 amount compared to stochiometric conversion)., -methanation,efficiency,0.8,per unit,Palzer and Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -methanation,hydrogen-input,1.282,MWh_H2/MWh_CH4,,Based on ideal conversion process of stochiometric composition (1 t CH4 contains 750 kg of carbon)., -methanation,investment,728.6739,EUR/kW_CH4,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 6: “Reference scenario”.",,2017.0 -methanation,lifetime,20.0,years,Guesstimate.,"Based on lifetime for methanolisation, Fischer-Tropsch plants.",2017.0 -methane storage tank incl. compressor,FOM,1.9,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor by DEA.",Based on assumptions for hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor (by DEA).,2014.0 -methane storage tank incl. compressor,investment,8961.5075,EUR/m^3,Storage costs per l: https://www.compositesworld.com/articles/pressure-vessels-for-alternative-fuels-2014-2023 (2021-02-10).,"Assume 5USD/l (= 4.23 EUR/l at 1.17 USD/EUR exchange rate) for type 1 pressure vessel for 200 bar storage and 100% surplus costs for including compressor costs with storage, based on similar assumptions by DEA for compressed hydrogen storage tanks.",2014.0 -methane storage tank incl. compressor,lifetime,30.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor by DEA.",Based on assumptions for hydrogen storage tank 1 including compressor (by DEA).,2014.0 -methanol,CO2 intensity,0.2482,tCO2/MWh_th,,, -methanol-to-kerosene,FOM,4.5,%/year,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",,2020.0 -methanol-to-kerosene,VOM,1.35,EUR/MWh_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",,2020.0 -methanol-to-kerosene,hydrogen-input,0.0279,MWh_H2/MWh_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 6.","Assuming LHV 11.94 kWh/kg for kerosene, 5.54 kWh/kg for methanol, 33.3 kWh/kg for hydrogen.", -methanol-to-kerosene,investment,288000.0,EUR/MW_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",,2020.0 -methanol-to-kerosene,lifetime,30.0,years,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",, -methanol-to-kerosene,methanol-input,1.0764,MWh_MeOH/MWh_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 6.","Assuming LHV 11.94 kWh/kg for kerosene, 5.54 kWh/kg for methanol, 33.3 kWh/kg for hydrogen.", -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,FOM,3.0,%/year,Guesstimate,same as steam cracker,2015.0 -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,VOM,31.7466,EUR/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35", ,2015.0 -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,carbondioxide-output,0.6107,t_CO2/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Sections 4.5 (for ethylene and propylene) and 4.6 (for BTX)","Weighted average: 0.4 t_MeOH/t_ethylene+propylene for 21.7 Mt of ethylene and 17 Mt of propylene, 1.13 t_CO2/t_BTX for 15.7 Mt of BTX. The report also references process emissions of 0.55 t_MeOH/t_ethylene+propylene elsewhere. ", -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,electricity-input,1.3889,MWh_el/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), page 69",5 GJ/t_HVC , -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,investment,2781006.4359,EUR/(t_HVC/h),"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",Assuming CAPEX of 1200 €/t actually given in €/(t/a).,2015.0 -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,lifetime,30.0,years,Guesstimate,same as steam cracker, -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,methanol-input,18.03,MWh_MeOH/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Sections 4.5 (for ethylene and propylene) and 4.6 (for BTX)","Weighted average: 2.83 t_MeOH/t_ethylene+propylene for 21.7 Mt of ethylene and 17 Mt of propylene, 4.2 t_MeOH/t_BTX for 15.7 Mt of BTX. Assuming 5.54 MWh_MeOH/t_MeOH. ", -methanolisation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.1.",,2017.0 -methanolisation,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -methanolisation,carbondioxide-input,0.248,t_CO2/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 66.",, -methanolisation,electricity-input,0.271,MWh_e/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 65.",, -methanolisation,heat-output,0.1,MWh_th/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 65.",steam generation of 2 GJ/t_MeOH, -methanolisation,hydrogen-input,1.138,MWh_H2/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 64.",189 kg_H2 per t_MeOH, -methanolisation,investment,761417.4621,EUR/MW_MeOH,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 8: “Reference scenario”.","Well developed technology, no significant learning expected.",2017.0 -methanolisation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (04/2022), Data sheet “Methanol to Power”.",,2017.0 -micro CHP,FOM,6.4286,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -micro CHP,efficiency,0.351,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Electric efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -micro CHP,efficiency-heat,0.604,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -micro CHP,investment,9224.3988,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 -micro CHP,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,FOM,11.3,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,gas-input,2.78,MWh_NG/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",Original value 10 GJ/t_DRI.,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,investment,4277858.0,EUR/t_HBI/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.","488.34 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ CAPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,ore-input,1.59,t_ore/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",, -nuclear,FOM,1.27,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (131.5+152.75)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) relative to investment costs.",2023.0 -nuclear,VOM,3.5464,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (4.25+5)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 -nuclear,efficiency,0.326,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on heat rate of 10.45 MMBtu/MWh_e and 3.4095 MMBtu/MWh_th, i.e. 1/(10.45/3.4095) = 0.3260.",2023.0 -nuclear,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -nuclear,investment,8594.1354,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (8475+13925)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 -nuclear,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 -offwind,FOM,2.3741,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Fixed O&M [EUR/MW_e/y, 2020]",2020.0 -offwind,VOM,0.0212,EUR/MWhel,RES costs made up to fix curtailment order, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind,investment,1769.1171,"EUR/kW_e, 2020","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Nominal investment [MEUR/MW_e, 2020] grid connection costs subtracted from investment costs",2020.0 -offwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2841.3251,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,1420.1334,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-ac-station,investment,264.5554,EUR/kWel,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2116.4433,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,1058.2216,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017; average + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-station,investment,423.2887,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017; assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-float,FOM,1.15,%/year,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0 -offwind-float,investment,2350.0,EUR/kWel,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0 -offwind-float,lifetime,20.0,years,C. Maienza 2020 A life cycle cost model for floating offshore wind farms,,2020.0 -offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2118.5597,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf,,2014.0 -offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,1039.4778,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017, average + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 -offwind-float-station,investment,415.7911,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017, assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 -oil,CO2 intensity,0.2571,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 44 GJ/t diesel and -CH2- approximation of diesel,, -oil,FOM,2.5143,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -oil,VOM,6.3493,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0 -oil,efficiency,0.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","50 Diesel engine farm: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -oil,fuel,52.9111,EUR/MWhth,IEA WEM2017 97USD/boe = http://www.iea.org/media/weowebsite/2017/WEM_Documentation_WEO2017.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -oil,investment,362.97,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Specific investment,2015.0 -oil,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -onwind,FOM,1.2347,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -onwind,VOM,1.508,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Variable O&M,2015.0 -onwind,investment,1139.8826,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Nominal investment ,2015.0 -onwind,lifetime,28.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -organic rankine cycle,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551","Both for flash, binary and ORC plants. See Supplemental Material for details",2020.0 -organic rankine cycle,electricity-input,0.12,MWh_el/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, Electricity-output. This is a rough estimate, depends on input temperature, implies ~150 C.",2020.0 -organic rankine cycle,investment,1376.0,EUR/kW_el,Tartiere and Astolfi 2017: A world overview of the organic Rankine cycle market,"Low rollout complicates the estimation, compounded by a dependence both on plant size and temperature, converted from 1500 USD/kW using currency conversion 1.09 USD = 1 EUR.",2020.0 -organic rankine cycle,lifetime,30.0,years,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",,2020.0 -ror,FOM,2.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -ror,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -ror,investment,3412.2266,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 -ror,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -seawater RO desalination,electricity-input,0.003,MWHh_el/t_H2O,"Caldera et al. (2016): Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Fig. 4.",Desalination using SWRO. Assume medium salinity of 35 Practical Salinity Units (PSUs) = 35 kg/m^3., -seawater desalination,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2015.0 -seawater desalination,electricity-input,3.0348,kWh/m^3-H2O,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Fig. 4.",, -seawater desalination,investment,39056.5182,EUR/(m^3-H2O/h),"Caldera et al 2017: Learning Curve for Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination Plants: Capital Cost Trend of the Past, Present, and Future (https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR021402), Table 4.",,2015.0 -seawater desalination,lifetime,30.0,years,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",, -shipping fuel methanol,CO2 intensity,0.2482,tCO2/MWh_th,-,Based on stochiometric composition.,2020.0 -shipping fuel methanol,fuel,72.0,EUR/MWh_th,"Based on (source 1) Hampp et al (2022), https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.01092, and (source 2): https://www.methanol.org/methanol-price-supply-demand/; both accessed: 2022-12-03.",400 EUR/t assuming range roughly in the long-term range for green methanol (source 1) and late 2020+beyond values for grey methanol (source 2).,2020.0 -solar,FOM,1.7275,%/year,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop' and 50% 'solar-utility',2020.0 -solar,VOM,0.0106,EUR/MWhel,RES costs made up to fix curtailment order, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -solar,investment,676.5703,EUR/kW_e,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop' and 50% 'solar-utility',2020.0 -solar,lifetime,37.5,years,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop' and 50% 'solar-utility',2020.0 -solar-rooftop,FOM,1.2567,%/year,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop,discount rate,0.04,per unit,standard for decentral, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -solar-rooftop,investment,880.0251,EUR/kW_e,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop,lifetime,37.5,years,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,FOM,1.3559,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,investment,719.0594,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,lifetime,37.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,FOM,1.1576,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,investment,1040.9908,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,lifetime,37.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-utility,FOM,2.1982,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-utility,investment,473.1156,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-utility,lifetime,37.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,FOM,2.0365,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,investment,552.4113,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,lifetime,37.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solid biomass,CO2 intensity,0.3667,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 18 GJ/t_DM LHV and 50% C-content for solid biomass,, -solid biomass,fuel,13.6489,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOOW1 (secondary forest residue wood chips), ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,FOM,5.7564,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,VOM,2.8216,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,investment,608.7773,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,FOM,5.7564,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,VOM,2.8216,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,investment,608.7773,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -solid biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -solid biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -solid biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.56,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, -solid biomass to hydrogen,investment,3972.2994,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,FOM,5.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",CO2 volume captured / (Stream flowrate * Max. capacity utilization * CO2 in exhaust * 8760),2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,investment,3561435.753,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 1342 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 3324000 t/year",2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -uranium,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -waste CHP,FOM,2.3789,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -waste CHP,VOM,28.4644,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -waste CHP,c_b,0.2872,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP,efficiency,0.2051,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7627,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP,investment,8829.8509,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -waste CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,FOM,2.3789,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,VOM,28.4644,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,c_b,0.2872,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,efficiency,0.2051,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.7627,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,investment,8829.8509,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -water tank charger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -water tank discharger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 diff --git a/ariadne-data/costs/mean/costs_2030.csv b/ariadne-data/costs/mean/costs_2030.csv deleted file mode 100644 index 5328099c4..000000000 --- a/ariadne-data/costs/mean/costs_2030.csv +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1238 +0,0 @@ -technology,parameter,value,unit,source,further description,currency_year -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,FOM,2.8,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,VOM,0.2389,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,electricity-input,1.38,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,investment,429.0306,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,lifetime,40.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,FOM,2.3,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,VOM,0.2389,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,electricity-input,1.416,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,investment,506.0332,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,FOM,2.3,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,VOM,0.1934,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,electricity-input,1.41,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,investment,582.922,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW, -Ammonia cracker,FOM,4.3,%/year,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 7.","Estimated based on Labour cost rate, Maintenance cost rate, Insurance rate, Admin. cost rate and Chemical & other consumables cost rate.",2015.0 -Ammonia cracker,ammonia-input,1.46,MWh_NH3/MWh_H2,"ENGIE et al (2020): Ammonia to Green Hydrogen Feasibility Study (https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/880826/HS420_-_Ecuity_-_Ammonia_to_Green_Hydrogen.pdf), Fig. 10.",Assuming a integrated 200t/d cracking and purification facility. Electricity demand (316 MWh per 2186 MWh_LHV H2 output) is assumed to also be ammonia LHV input which seems a fair assumption as the facility has options for a higher degree of integration according to the report)., -Ammonia cracker,investment,1123945.3807,EUR/MW_H2,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 6.",Calculated. For a small (200 t_NH3/d input) facility. Base cost for facility: 51 MEUR at capacity 20 000m^3_NH3/h = 339 t_NH3/d input. Cost scaling exponent 0.67. Ammonia density 0.7069 kg/m^3. Conversion efficiency of cracker: 0.685. Ammonia LHV: 5.167 MWh/t_NH3.; and Calculated. For a large (2500 t_NH3/d input) facility. Base cost for facility: 51 MEUR at capacity 20 000m^3_NH3/h = 339 t_NH3/d input. Cost scaling exponent 0.67. Ammonia density 0.7069 kg/m^3. Conversion efficiency of cracker: 0.685. Ammonia LHV: 5.167 MWh/t_NH3.,2015.0 -Ammonia cracker,lifetime,25.0,years,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 7.",,2015.0 -BEV Bus city,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,Motor size,346.5517,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,efficiency,0.8585,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,investment,222485.6452,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Coach,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,Motor size,358.6207,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,efficiency,0.8446,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,investment,303025.4488,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,Motor size,555.1724,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,efficiency,1.3936,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,investment,151213.8954,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,lifetime,10.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,Motor size,382.7586,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,efficiency,0.8755,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,investment,282418.6749,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,Motor size,710.3448,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,efficiency,1.5446,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,investment,167722.8037,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),FOM,0.9,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),efficiency,0.68,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),investment,24624.0,EUR/PKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (trucks),FOM,15.0,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (trucks),2020.0 -Battery electric (trucks),investment,136400.0,EUR/LKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (trucks),2020.0 -Battery electric (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (trucks),2020.0 -BioSNG,C in fuel,0.3402,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,C stored,0.6598,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,CO2 stored,0.2419,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,FOM,1.6375,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Fixed O&M",2020.0 -BioSNG,VOM,1.8078,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Variable O&M",2020.0 -BioSNG,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -BioSNG,efficiency,0.63,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Bio SNG Output",2020.0 -BioSNG,investment,1701.44,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Specific investment",2020.0 -BioSNG,lifetime,25.0,years,TODO,"84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -BtL,C in fuel,0.2688,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,C stored,0.7312,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,CO2 stored,0.2681,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,FOM,2.6667,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Fixed O&M",2020.0 -BtL,VOM,1.1299,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Variable O&M",2020.0 -BtL,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -BtL,efficiency,0.3833,per unit,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Electricity Output",2020.0 -BtL,investment,3118.4333,EUR/kW_th,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Specific investment",2017.0 -BtL,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Technical lifetime",2020.0 -CCGT,FOM,3.3494,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -CCGT,VOM,4.4445,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Variable O&M",2015.0 -CCGT,c_b,2.0,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -CCGT,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -CCGT,efficiency,0.58,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -CCGT,investment,878.324,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Nominal investment",2015.0 -CCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -CH4 (g) fill compressor station,FOM,1.7,%/year,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0 -CH4 (g) fill compressor station,investment,1654.96,EUR/MW_CH4,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station cost.","Assume same ratio as between H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station, i.e. 1:19 , due to a lack of reliable numbers.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) fill compressor station,lifetime,20.0,years,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,FOM,1.5,%/year,Assume same as for H2 (g) pipeline in 2050 (CH4 pipeline as mature technology).,"Due to lack of numbers, use comparable H2 pipeline assumptions.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,electricity-input,0.01,MW_e/1000km/MW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: 112 6 gas Main distri line.","Assumption for gas pipeline >100MW, 0.1% per station and spacing of 100km yields 1%/1000km. Electric compression.",2015.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,investment,87.22,EUR/MW/km,Guesstimate.,"Based on Arab Gas Pipeline: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Gas_Pipeline: cost = 1.2e9 $-US (year = ?), capacity=10.3e9 m^3/a NG, l=1200km, NG-LHV=39MJ/m^3*90% (also Wikipedia estimate from here https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_of_combustion). Presumed to include booster station cost.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,lifetime,50.0,years,Assume same as for H2 (g) pipeline in 2050 (CH4 pipeline as mature technology).,"Due to lack of numbers, use comparable H2 pipeline assumptions.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,FOM,3.0,%/year,"d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material.",-,2015.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,electricity-input,0.01,MW_e/1000km/MW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: 112 6 gas Main distri line.","Assumption for gas pipeline >100MW, 0.1% per station and spacing of 100km yields 1%/1000km. Electric compression.",2015.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,investment,119.3173,EUR/MW/km,Kaiser (2017): 10.1016/j.marpol.2017.05.003 .,"Based on Gulfstream pipeline costs (430 mi long pipeline for natural gas in deep/shallow waters) of 2.72e6 USD/mi and 1.31 bn ft^3/d capacity (36 in diameter), LHV of methane 13.8888 MWh/t and density of 0.657 kg/m^3 and 1.17 USD:1EUR conversion rate = 102.4 EUR/MW/km. Number is without booster station cost. Estimation of additional cost for booster stations based on H2 (g) pipeline numbers from Guidehouse (2020): European Hydrogen Backbone report and Danish Energy Agency (2021): Technology Data for Energy Transport, were booster stations make ca. 6% of pipeline cost; here add additional 10% for booster stations as they need to be constructed submerged or on plattforms. (102.4*1.1).",2014.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,lifetime,30.0,years,"d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material.",-,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,capacity,58300.0,t_CH4,"Calculated, based on Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",based on 138 000 m^3 capacity and LNG density of 0.4226 t/m^3 .,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,investment,159791465.6831,EUR,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,lifetime,25.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2015.0 -CH4 evaporation,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 evaporation,investment,91.1101,EUR/kW_CH4,"Calculated, based on Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306","based on 100 MUSD-2005/(1 bcm/a), 1 bcm = 10.6 TWh, currency exchange rate: 1.15 USD=1 EUR.",2005.0 -CH4 evaporation,lifetime,30.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,electricity-input,0.036,MWh_el/MWh_CH4,"Pospíšil et al. (2019): Energy demand of liquefaction and regasification of natural gas and the potential of LNG for operative thermal energy storage (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.09.027), Table 2 and Table 3. alternative source 2: https://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/methane (accessed 2021-02-10).","Assuming 0.5 MWh/t_CH4 for refigeration cycle based on Table 2 of source; cleaning of gas presumed unnecessary as it should be nearly pure CH4 (=SNG). Assuming energy required is only electricity which is for Table 3 in the source provided with efficiencies of ~50% of LHV, making the numbers consistent with the numbers in Table 2.", -CH4 liquefaction,investment,241.443,EUR/kW_CH4,"Calculated, based on Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306","based on 265 MUSD-2005/(1 bcm/a), 1 bcm = 10.6 TWh, currency exchange rate: 1.15 USD=1 EUR.",2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,lifetime,25.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,methane-input,1.0,MWh_CH4/MWh_CH4,"Pospíšil et al. (2019): Energy demand of liquefaction and regasification of natural gas and the potential of LNG for operative thermal energy storage (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.09.027), Table 2 and Table 3. alternative source 2: https://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/methane (accessed 2021-02-10).","For refrigeration cycle, cleaning of gas presumed unnecessary as it should be nearly pure CH4 (=SNG). Assuming energy required is only electricity which is for Table 3 in the source provided with efficiencies of ~50% of LHV, making the numbers consistent with the numbers in Table 2.", -CO2 liquefaction,FOM,5.0,%/year,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,,2004.0 -CO2 liquefaction,carbondioxide-input,1.0,t_CO2/t_CO2,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,"Assuming a pure, humid, low-pressure input stream. Neglecting possible gross-effects of CO2 which might be cycled for the cooling process.", -CO2 liquefaction,electricity-input,0.123,MWh_el/t_CO2,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,, -CO2 liquefaction,heat-input,0.0067,MWh_th/t_CO2,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,For drying purposes., -CO2 liquefaction,investment,16.7226,EUR/t_CO2/h,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,"Plant capacity of 20 kt CO2 / d and an uptime of 85%. For a high purity, humid, low pressure input stream, includes drying and compression necessary for liquefaction.",2004.0 -CO2 liquefaction,lifetime,25.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on CH4 liquefaction.",,2004.0 -CO2 pipeline,FOM,0.9,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",,2015.0 -CO2 pipeline,investment,2116.4433,EUR/(tCO2/h)/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",Assuming the 120-500 t CO2/h range that is based on cost of a 12 inch onshore pipeline.,2015.0 -CO2 pipeline,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",,2015.0 -CO2 storage tank,FOM,1.0,%/year,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, pg. 2746 .","Assuming a 3000m^3 pressurised steel cylinder tanks and a CO2 density of 1100 kg/m^3 (close to triple point at -56.6°C and 5.2 bar with max density of 1200kg/m^3 ). Lauri et al. report costs 3x higher per m^3 for steel tanks, which are consistent with other sources. The numbers reported are in rather difficult to pinpoint as systems can greatly vary.",2013.0 -CO2 storage tank,investment,2584.3462,EUR/t_CO2,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, Table 3.","Assuming a 3000m^3 pressurised steel cylinder tanks and a CO2 density of 1100 kg/m^3 (close to triple point at -56.6°C and 5.2 bar with max density of 1200kg/m^3 ). Lauri et al. report costs 3x higher per m^3 for steel tanks, which are consistent with other sources. The numbers reported are in rather difficult to pinpoint as systems can greatly vary.",2013.0 -CO2 storage tank,lifetime,25.0,years,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, pg. 2746 .","Assuming a 3000m^3 pressurised steel cylinder tanks and a CO2 density of 1100 kg/m^3 (close to triple point at -56.6°C and 5.2 bar with max density of 1200kg/m^3 ). Lauri et al. report costs 3x higher per m^3 for steel tanks, which are consistent with other sources. The numbers reported are in rather difficult to pinpoint as systems can greatly vary.",2013.0 -CO2 submarine pipeline,FOM,0.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",,2015.0 -CO2 submarine pipeline,investment,4232.8865,EUR/(tCO2/h)/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",Assuming the 120-500 t CO2/h range that is based on cost of a 12 inch offshore pipeline.,2015.0 -Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,FOM,1.6,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,investment,448894.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,FOM,2.2,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,investment,1787894.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,FOM,2.2,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,investment,1787894.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,FOM,1.8,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,investment,1005.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,FOM,0.9265,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.64 (p.86) Figure 4.14","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,efficiency,0.7211,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.52^0.5']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,investment,946180.9426,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Turbine Compressor BOP EPC Management']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-store,FOM,0.43,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB 4.5.2.1 Fixed O&M p.62 (p.84)","{'carrier': ['pair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-store,investment,5448.7894,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.64 (p.86)","{'carrier': ['pair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Cavern Storage']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['pair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,investment,144192.2682,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,efficiency,0.4343,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,investment,576769.073,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Concrete-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['concrete'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Concrete-store,investment,24044.2324,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['concrete'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -Concrete-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['concrete'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -"Container feeder, ammonia",efficiency,0.7754,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container feeder, ammonia",investment,38462833.2276,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container feeder, ammonia",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container feeder, diesel",efficiency,0.7718,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, diesel",2023.0 -"Container feeder, diesel",investment,34966212.0251,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, diesel",2023.0 -"Container feeder, diesel",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, diesel",2023.0 -"Container feeder, methanol",efficiency,0.7711,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, methanol",2023.0 -"Container feeder, methanol",investment,36802136.8043,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, methanol",2023.0 -"Container feeder, methanol",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, methanol",2023.0 -"Container, ammonia",efficiency,1.7094,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container, ammonia",investment,131618242.0136,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container, ammonia",lifetime,31.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container, diesel",efficiency,1.6399,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, diesel",2023.0 -"Container, diesel",investment,119652947.2851,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, diesel",2023.0 -"Container, diesel",lifetime,32.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, diesel",2023.0 -"Container, methanol",efficiency,1.7001,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, methanol",2023.0 -"Container, methanol",investment,125635594.6493,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, methanol",2023.0 -"Container, methanol",lifetime,32.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, methanol",2023.0 -Diesel Bus city,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,Motor size,250.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,efficiency,2.0824,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,investment,150756.2732,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,Motor size,350.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,efficiency,2.2009,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,investment,231296.0768,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,FOM,0.0005,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,Motor size,380.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,efficiency,3.2963,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,investment,142012.114,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,lifetime,10.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,Motor size,254.1379,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,efficiency,2.1867,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,investment,155444.0931,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,Motor size,382.3529,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,efficiency,3.3031,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,investment,177515.1425,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,Motor size,390.6897,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,VOM,0.0979,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,efficiency,1.5899,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,investment,323056.5642,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Coach,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,Motor size,390.6897,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,efficiency,1.5761,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,investment,356840.1722,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,Motor size,513.7931,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,efficiency,2.548,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,investment,139809.9795,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,lifetime,10.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,Motor size,381.0345,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,efficiency,1.7064,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,investment,255992.8427,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,Motor size,381.0345,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,efficiency,2.8363,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,investment,278063.892,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FT fuel transport ship,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -FT fuel transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_FTfuel,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -FT fuel transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -FT fuel transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.1.",,2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,VOM,4.4663,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",102 Hydrogen to Jet: Variable O&M,2020.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -Fischer-Tropsch,carbondioxide-input,0.326,t_CO2/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","Input per 1t FT liquid fuels output, carbon efficiency increases with years (4.3, 3.9, 3.6, 3.3 t_CO2/t_FT from 2020-2050 with LHV 11.95 MWh_th/t_FT).", -Fischer-Tropsch,efficiency,0.799,per unit,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.2.",,2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,electricity-input,0.007,MWh_el/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","0.005 MWh_el input per FT output, output increasing from 2020 to 2050 (0.65, 0.7, 0.73, 0.75 MWh liquid FT output).", -Fischer-Tropsch,hydrogen-input,1.421,MWh_H2/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","0.995 MWh_H2 per output, output increasing from 2020 to 2050 (0.65, 0.7, 0.73, 0.75 MWh liquid FT output).", -Fischer-Tropsch,investment,703726.4462,EUR/MW_FT,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 8: “Reference scenario”.","Well developed technology, no significant learning expected.",2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (04/2022), Data sheet “Methanol to Power”.",,2017.0 -Gasnetz,FOM,2.5,%,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz,2020.0 -Gasnetz,investment,28.0,EUR/kWGas,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz,2020.0 -Gasnetz,lifetime,30.0,years,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz,2020.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),FOM,6.25,%/year,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , figure 7 and pg. 12 .",Assuming ca. 10 EUR/m^3/a (center value between stand alone and addon facility).,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),investment,137.8999,EUR/m^3,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 8F .",Assumed 20% lower than for product storage. Crude or middle distillate tanks are usually larger compared to product storage due to lower requirements on safety and different construction method. Reference size used here: 80 000 – 120 000 m^3 .,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),lifetime,30.0,years,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 11.",,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),FOM,6.25,%/year,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , figure 7 and pg. 12 .",Assuming ca. 10 EUR/m^3/a (center value between stand alone and addon facility).,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),investment,172.3748,EUR/m^3,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 8F .",Assumed at the higher end for addon facilities/mid-range for stand-alone facilities. Product storage usually smaller due to higher requirements on safety and different construction method. Reference size used here: 40 000 - 60 000 m^3 .,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),lifetime,30.0,years,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 11.",,2012.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.76 (p.98) Sentence 1 in 4.7.2 Operating Costs","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['1.5 percent of capital cost']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,efficiency,0.9274,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.36","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.86^0.5']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,investment,415570.5177,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 0% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,lifetime,41.7,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.36","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-store,investment,157381.7274,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 15% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['gravity'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Gravitational Capital (SB+BOS)']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-store,lifetime,41.7,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.36","{'carrier': ['gravity'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.76 (p.98) Sentence 1 in 4.7.2 Operating Costs","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['1.5 percent of capital cost']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,efficiency,0.9014,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level ((0.785+0.84)/2)^0.5']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,investment,365630.713,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 0% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-store,investment,121755.0274,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 15% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['gravitywa'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Gravitational Capital (SB+BOS)']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['gravitywa'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.76 (p.98) Sentence 1 in 4.7.2 Operating Costs","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['1.5 percent of capital cost']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,efficiency,0.9014,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level ((0.785+0.84)/2)^0.5']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,investment,905158.9602,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 0% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-store,investment,95982.5211,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 15% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['gravitywu'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Gravitational Capital (SB+BOS)']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['gravitywu'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -H2 (g) fill compressor station,FOM,1.7,%/year,"Guidehouse 2020: European Hydrogen Backbone report, https://guidehouse.com/-/media/www/site/downloads/energy/2020/gh_european-hydrogen-backbone_report.pdf (table 3, table 5)","Pessimistic (highest) value chosen for 48'' pipeline w/ 13GW_H2 LHV @ 100bar pressure. Currency year: Not clearly specified, assuming year of publication. Forecast year: Not clearly specified, guessing based on text remarks.",2020.0 -H2 (g) fill compressor station,investment,4738.7164,EUR/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), pg. 164, Figure 14 (Fill compressor).","Assumption for staging 35→140bar, 6000 MW_HHV single line pipeline. Considering HHV/LHV ration for H2.",2015.0 -H2 (g) fill compressor station,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), pg. 168, Figure 24 (Fill compressor).",,2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,FOM,3.1667,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, > 6000 MW_HHV single line pipeline, incl. booster station investments. Considering LHV by scaling with LHV/HHV=0.8462623413.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,electricity-input,0.019,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,investment,303.6845,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 4.4 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, > 6000 MW_HHV single line pipeline, incl. booster station investments. Considering LHV by scaling with LHV/HHV=0.8462623413.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,FOM,3.1667,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.",Same as for new H2 (g) pipeline.,2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,electricity-input,0.019,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,investment,129.4682,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line repurposed pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 0.8 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.",Same as for new H2 (g) pipeline.,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,FOM,3.0,%/year,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,electricity-input,0.019,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,investment,456.1165,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line offshore pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 7.48 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,lifetime,30.0,years,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,FOM,3.0,%/year,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,electricity-input,0.019,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,investment,160.1562,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line repurposed offshore pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 1.5 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,lifetime,30.0,years,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (l) storage tank,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.",Assuming currency year and technology year here (25 EUR/kg).,2015.0 -H2 (l) storage tank,investment,793.7456,EUR/MWh_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.","Assuming currency year and technology year here (25 EUR/kg). Future target cost. Today’s cost potentially higher according to d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material pg. 16.",2015.0 -H2 (l) storage tank,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.",Assuming currency year and technology year here (25 EUR/kg).,2015.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,capacity,11000.0,t_H2,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,investment,393737000.0,EUR,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,lifetime,20.0,years,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 evaporation,FOM,2.5,%/year,"DNV GL (2020): Study on the Import of Liquid Renewable Energy: Technology Cost Assessment, https://www.gie.eu/wp-content/uploads/filr/2598/DNV-GL_Study-GLE-Technologies-and-costs-analysis-on-imports-of-liquid-renewable-energy.pdf .",,2020.0 -H2 evaporation,investment,146.8405,EUR/kW_H2,"IRENA (2022): Global Hydrogen Trade to Meet the 1.5° Climate Goal: Technology Review of Hydrogen Carriers, https://www.irena.org/publications/2022/Apr/Global-hydrogen-trade-Part-II , pg. 62f.","Pessimistic assumption for large scale facility / near-term estimate for medium sized facility, in between low / mid estimate with e.g. DNV numbers (Fig. 3.15).; and Optimistic assumption for large scale facility 2500 t/d, cf Fig. 3.15 .",2022.0 -H2 evaporation,lifetime,20.0,years,Guesstimate.,Based on lifetime of liquefaction plant.,2015.0 -H2 liquefaction,FOM,2.5,%/year,"DNV GL (2020): Study on the Import of Liquid Renewable Energy: Technology Cost Assessment, https://www.gie.eu/wp-content/uploads/filr/2598/DNV-GL_Study-GLE-Technologies-and-costs-analysis-on-imports-of-liquid-renewable-energy.pdf .",,2020.0 -H2 liquefaction,electricity-input,0.203,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"Heuser et al. (2019): Techno-economic analysis of a potential energy trading link between Patagonia and Japan based on CO2 free hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.12.156), table 1.","6.78 kWh/kg_H2, considering H2 with LHV of 33.3333 MWh/t", -H2 liquefaction,hydrogen-input,1.017,MWh_H2/MWh_H2,"Heuser et al. (2019): Techno-economic analysis of a potential energy trading link between Patagonia and Japan based on CO2 free hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.12.156), table 1.",corresponding to 1.65% losses during liquefaction, -H2 liquefaction,investment,889.9426,EUR/kW_H2,"IRENA (2022): Global Hydrogen Trade to Meet the 1.5° Climate Goal: Technology Review of Hydrogen Carriers, https://www.irena.org/publications/2022/Apr/Global-hydrogen-trade-Part-II , pg. 62f.","Assumption for a 200t/d facility (Pessimistic long-term or optimistic short-term value).; and Assumption for a large >300t/d, e.g. 2500 t/d facility (Optimistic long-term value without change in base technology mentioned in report).",2022.0 -H2 liquefaction,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2022.0 -H2 pipeline,FOM,3.0,%/year,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -H2 pipeline,investment,282.5452,EUR/MW/km,Welder et al https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.05.059, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -H2 pipeline,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,FOM,5.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,VOM,0.5118,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,electricity-input,0.097,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification,investment,1467.9399,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification,wood-input,1.804,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification CC,FOM,5.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification CC,VOM,0.5232,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification CC,electricity-input,0.143,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification CC,investment,1489.0957,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification CC,wood-input,1.804,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification,FOM,6.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification,VOM,0.5061,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification,coal-input,1.62,MWh_coal/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification,electricity-input,0.02,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification,investment,399.1168,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification CC,FOM,7.56,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification CC,VOM,0.1479,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification CC,coal-input,1.62,MWh_coal/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification CC,electricity-input,0.023,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification CC,investment,413.4481,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,FOM,5.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,VOM,0.1592,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,electricity-input,0.063,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,investment,491.1331,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,lifetime,25.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,oil-input,1.3,MWh_oil/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,FOM,4.9,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,VOM,0.2047,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,electricity-input,0.02,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,gas-input,1.25,MWh_NG/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,investment,180.0518,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,FOM,6.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,VOM,0.0796,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,electricity-input,0.039,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,gas-input,1.4,MWh_NG/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,investment,217.5863,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,FOM,4.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,VOM,0.7393,EUR/MWh,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,electricity-input,0.044,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,investment,590.6564,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,wood-input,1.36,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -HVAC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVAC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVAC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,investment,165803.0398,EUR/MW,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC submarine,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0 -HVDC submarine,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1,2017.0 -HVDC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0 -HVDC underground,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 -HVDC underground,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1 (same as for HVDC submarine),2017.0 -HVDC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 -Haber-Bosch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,VOM,0.0225,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Variable O&M,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,electricity-input,0.2473,MWh_el/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), table 11.",Assume 5 GJ/t_NH3 for compressors and NH3 LHV = 5.16666 MWh/t_NH3., -Haber-Bosch,hydrogen-input,1.1484,MWh_H2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.","178 kg_H2 per t_NH3, LHV for both assumed.", -Haber-Bosch,investment,1460.0135,EUR/kW_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,nitrogen-input,0.1597,t_N2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.",".33 MWh electricity are required for ASU per t_NH3, considering 0.4 MWh are required per t_N2 and LHV of NH3 of 5.1666 Mwh.", -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,investment,144192.2682,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,efficiency,0.4444,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,investment,576769.073,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['salthight'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-store,investment,94107.5489,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['salthight'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['salthight'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),FOM,1.1,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),efficiency,0.48,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),investment,33226.0,EUR/PKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),FOM,13.1,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),efficiency,0.56,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),investment,116497.0,EUR/LKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,FOM,0.6345,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,efficiency,0.6963,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133) include inverter 0.98 & transformer efficiency 0.98 ","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Electrolyzer']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,investment,347170.8209,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.113 (p.135)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Electrolyzer']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,lifetime,30.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,FOM,0.5812,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,efficiency,0.4869,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133) include inverter 0.98 & transformer efficiency 0.98 ","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Fuel Cell']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,investment,379007.4464,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.113 (p.135)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Fuel Cell']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,lifetime,30.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-store,FOM,0.43,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB =(C38+C39)*0.43/4","{'carrier': ['h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-store,investment,4779.9527,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.113 (p.135)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Cavern Storage']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-store,lifetime,30.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LNG storage tank,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank with comparable requirements.",Currency year and technology year assumed based on publication date.,2019.0 -LNG storage tank,investment,666.634,EUR/m^3,"Hurskainen 2019, https://cris.vtt.fi/en/publications/liquid-organic-hydrogen-carriers-lohc-concept-evaluation-and-tech pg. 46 (59).",Currency year and technology year assumed based on publication date.,2019.0 -LNG storage tank,lifetime,20.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank with comparable requirements.",Currency year and technology year assumed based on publication date.,2019.0 -LOHC chemical,investment,2500.0,EUR/t,"Runge et al 2020, pg.7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC chemical,lifetime,20.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, pg.7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation,investment,53681.4988,EUR/MW_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",per MW H2 (LHV). For a large plant of 1000 MW capacity. Calculated based on base CAPEX of 30 MEUR for 300 t/day capacity and a scale factor of 0.6.,2015.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),FOM,3.0,%/year,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),investment,839000.0,EUR/MW_H2,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",MW of H2 LHV. For a small plant of 0.9 MW capacity.,2020.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),lifetime,20.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,electricity-input,0.004,MWh_el/t_HLOHC,Niermann et al. (2019): (https://doi.org/10.1039/C8EE02700E). 6A .,"Flow in figures shows 0.2 MW for 114 MW_HHV = 96.4326 MW_LHV = 2.89298 t hydrogen. At 5.6 wt-% effective H2 storage for loaded LOHC (H18-DBT, HLOHC), corresponds to 51.6604 t loaded LOHC .", -LOHC hydrogenation,hydrogen-input,1.867,MWh_H2/t_HLOHC,"Runge et al 2020, pg. 7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",Considering 5.6 wt-% H2 in loaded LOHC (HLOHC) and LHV of H2., -LOHC hydrogenation,investment,54243.958,EUR/MW_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",per MW H2 (LHV). For a large plant of 2000 MW capacity. Calculated based on base CAPEX of 40 MEUR for 300 t/day capacity and a scale factor of 0.6.,2015.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,lohc-input,0.944,t_LOHC/t_HLOHC,"Runge et al 2020, pg. 7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514","Loaded LOHC (H18-DBT, HLOHC) has loaded only 5.6%-wt H2 as rate of discharge is kept at ca. 90%.", -LOHC loaded DBT storage,FOM,6.25,%/year,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -LOHC loaded DBT storage,investment,151.5383,EUR/t,"Density via Wissenschaftliche Dienste des Deutschen Bundestages 2020, https://www.bundestag.de/resource/blob/816048/454e182d5956d45a664da9eb85486f76/WD-8-058-20-pdf-data.pdf , pg. 11.","Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared. Density of loaded LOHC H18-DBT is 0.91 t/m^3.",2012.0 -LOHC loaded DBT storage,lifetime,30.0,years,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -LOHC transport ship,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_LOHC,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC unloaded DBT storage,FOM,6.25,%/year,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -LOHC unloaded DBT storage,investment,134.2745,EUR/t,"Density via Wissenschaftliche Dienste des Deutschen Bundestages 2020, https://www.bundestag.de/resource/blob/816048/454e182d5956d45a664da9eb85486f76/WD-8-058-20-pdf-data.pdf , pg. 11.","Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared. Density of loaded LOHC H18-DBT is 0.91 t/m^3, density of unloaded LOHC H0-DBT is 1.04 t/m^3 but unloading is only to 90% (depth-of-discharge), assume density via linearisation of 1.027 t/m^3.",2012.0 -LOHC unloaded DBT storage,lifetime,30.0,years,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,FOM,2.4427,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,efficiency,0.8832,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.78^0.5']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,investment,128853.6139,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-store,FOM,0.2542,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['lead'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-store,investment,320631.3818,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['lead'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-store,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['lead'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),FOM,1.6,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),efficiency,0.215,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),investment,24999.0,EUR/PKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),FOM,17.1,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),efficiency,0.373,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),investment,105315.0,EUR/LKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,FOM,0.366,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,investment,475721.2289,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Figure 9 of reference roughly 80% of capital cost are power related 47%/80% of costs are required for liquefaction (charging)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,FOM,0.5212,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,efficiency,0.55,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE 0.545 assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,investment,334017.033,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, NULL","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-store,FOM,0.3208,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['lair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-store,investment,159004.771,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['lair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Liquid Air SB and BOS']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['lair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,FOM,2.1198,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,efficiency,0.9193,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.8452^0.5']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,investment,81553.4846,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,lifetime,16.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-store,FOM,0.0447,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['lfp'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-store,investment,236482.8109,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['lfp'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-store,lifetime,16.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['lfp'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,FOM,2.1198,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,efficiency,0.9193,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.8452^0.5']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,investment,81553.4846,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,lifetime,13.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-store,FOM,0.038,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['nmc'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-store,investment,269576.8493,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['nmc'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-store,lifetime,13.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['nmc'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,investment,144192.2682,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,efficiency,0.5394,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,investment,576769.073,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-store,investment,58041.2003,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_MeOH,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",,2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,investment,18016.8665,EUR/MW_H2,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.","For high temperature steam reforming plant with a capacity of 200 MW_H2 output (6t/h). Reference plant of 1 MW (30kg_H2/h) costs 150kEUR, scale factor of 0.6 assumed.",2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",,2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,methanol-input,1.201,MWh_MeOH/MWh_H2,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",Assuming per 1 t_H2 (with LHV 33.3333 MWh/t): 4.5 MWh_th and 3.2 MWh_el are required. We assume electricity can be substituted / provided with 1:1 as heat energy., -NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank.",,2010.0 -NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,investment,166.8201,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Calculated based on Morgan E. 2013: doi:10.7275/11KT-3F59 , Fig. 55, Fig 58.","Based on estimated for a double-wall liquid ammonia tank (~ambient pressure, -33°C), inner tank from stainless steel, outer tank from concrete including installations for liquefaction/condensation, boil-off gas recovery and safety installations; the necessary installations make only a small fraction of the total cost. The total cost are driven by material and working time on the tanks. -While the costs do not scale strictly linearly, we here assume they do (good approximation c.f. ref. Fig 55.) and take the costs for a 9 kt NH3 (l) tank = 8 M$2010, which is smaller 4-5x smaller than the largest deployed tanks today. -We assume an exchange rate of 1.17$ to 1 €. -The investment value is given per MWh NH3 store capacity, using the LHV of NH3 of 5.18 MWh/t.",2010.0 -NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,lifetime,20.0,years,"Morgan E. 2013: doi:10.7275/11KT-3F59 , pg. 290",,2010.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B",,2019.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,capacity,53000.0,t_NH3,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B",,2019.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,investment,81164200.0,EUR,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B",,2019.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,lifetime,20.0,years,"Guess estimated based on H2 (l) tanker, but more mature technology",,2019.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,FOM,2.1198,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['((0.75-0.87)/2)^0.5 mean value of range efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,investment,81553.4846,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) same as Li-LFP","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-store,FOM,0.2262,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-store,investment,267837.874,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-store,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -OCGT,FOM,1.7795,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -OCGT,VOM,4.762,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Variable O&M,2015.0 -OCGT,efficiency,0.41,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","52 OCGT - Natural gas: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -OCGT,investment,460.5804,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 -OCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -PEM electrolyzer small size,FOM,3.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW,2010.0 -PEM electrolyzer small size,electricity-input,1.33,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW, -PEM electrolyzer small size,investment,1080.5384,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW,2010.0 -PEM electrolyzer small size,lifetime,7.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`","Likely stack lifetime, rather than electrolyzer system lifetime", -PHS,FOM,1.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -PHS,efficiency,0.75,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -PHS,investment,2274.8177,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 -PHS,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,FOM,0.366,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Charger']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,investment,761782.6727,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Figure 9 of reference roughly 80% of capital cost are power related 47%/80% of costs are required for liquefaction (charging)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,lifetime,33.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,FOM,0.5212,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,efficiency,0.63,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE 0.62 assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,investment,534868.6851,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, NULL","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,lifetime,33.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-store,FOM,0.1528,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.103 (p.125)","{'carrier': ['phes'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-store,investment,11546.7963,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.92 (p.114)","{'carrier': ['phes'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Molten Salt based SB and BOS']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-store,lifetime,33.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['phes'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,FOM,0.9951,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, Figure 4.16","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,efficiency,0.8944,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.8^0.5']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,investment,1397128.4612,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Powerhouse Construction & Infrastructure']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-store,FOM,0.43,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['phs'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-store,investment,57074.0625,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['phs'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Reservoir Construction & Infrastructure']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['phs'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -SMR,FOM,5.0,%/year,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR,efficiency,0.76,per unit (in LHV),"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SMR,investment,522201.0492,EUR/MW_CH4,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR,lifetime,30.0,years,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SMR CC,FOM,5.0,%/year,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR CC,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",wide range: capture rates between 54%-90%, -SMR CC,efficiency,0.69,per unit (in LHV),"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SMR CC,investment,605753.2171,EUR/MW_CH4,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR CC,lifetime,30.0,years,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SOEC,FOM,4.0,%/year,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,US-based assumptions for a Conservative cost scenario,2022.0 -SOEC,electricity-input,1.19,MWh_el/MWh_H2,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,, -SOEC,investment,2243.5452,USD/kW,"ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions, https://theicct.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/fuels-eu-cost-renew-H-produced-onsite-H-refueling-stations-europe-feb22.pdf adjusted according to DOE observations https://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/docs/hydrogenprogramlibraries/pdfs/24005-clean-hydrogen-production-cost-pem-electrolyzer.pdf?sfvrsn=8cb10889_1#:~:text=This%20Record%20shows%20that%20the,factors%20of%2050%2D75%25",US-based assumptions for a Conservative cost scenario,2022.0 -SOEC,lifetime,30.0,years,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,, -Sand-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Sand-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Sand-charger,investment,144192.2682,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Sand-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,efficiency,0.53,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,investment,576769.073,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Sand-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['sand'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Sand-store,investment,6700.8517,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.100 (p.122)","{'carrier': ['sand'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -Sand-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['sand'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Steam methane reforming,FOM,3.0,%/year,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW).,2015.0 -Steam methane reforming,investment,497454.611,EUR/MW_H2,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW). Currency conversion 1.17 USD = 1 EUR.,2015.0 -Steam methane reforming,lifetime,30.0,years,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW).,2015.0 -Steam methane reforming,methane-input,1.483,MWh_CH4/MWh_H2,"Keipi et al (2018): Economic analysis of hydrogen production by methane thermal decomposition (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2017.12.063), table 2.","Large scale SMR plant producing 2.5 kg/s H2 output (assuming 33.3333 MWh/t H2 LHV), with 6.9 kg/s CH4 input (feedstock) and 2 kg/s CH4 input (energy). Neglecting water consumption.", -"Tank&bulk, diesel",efficiency,0.462,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, diesel",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, diesel",investment,35129312.4041,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, diesel",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, diesel",lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, diesel",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, methanol",efficiency,0.4695,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, methanol",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, methanol",investment,36885778.0243,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, methanol",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, methanol",lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, methanol",2023.0 -"Tankbulk, ammonia",efficiency,0.471,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tankbulk, ammonia",2023.0 -"Tankbulk, ammonia",investment,38642243.6445,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tankbulk, ammonia",2023.0 -"Tankbulk, ammonia",lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tankbulk, ammonia",2023.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,FOM,2.4395,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,efficiency,0.8062,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.65^0.5']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,investment,129023.0526,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-store,FOM,0.2345,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['vanadium'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-store,investment,258072.8586,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['vanadium'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-store,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['vanadium'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,FOM,2.4395,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,efficiency,0.7937,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.25 ","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['(0.63)^0.5 efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,investment,129023.0526,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,lifetime,25.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-store,FOM,0.1654,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-store,investment,174388.0144,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.48 (p.70) text below Table 4.12","{'carrier': ['znair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-store,lifetime,25.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['znair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,FOM,2.1198,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,efficiency,0.8307,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.25 ","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['(0.69)^0.5 efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,investment,81553.4846,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,lifetime,10.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.27","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-store,FOM,0.2576,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znbrflow'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-store,investment,412306.5947,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['znbrflow'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-store,lifetime,10.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.27","{'carrier': ['znbrflow'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,FOM,2.4395,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,efficiency,0.8888,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.25","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': [' (0.79)^0.5 efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,investment,129023.0526,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,FOM,0.2244,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,investment,239220.5823,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -air separation unit,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -air separation unit,electricity-input,0.25,MWh_el/t_N2,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), p.288.","For consistency reasons use value from Danish Energy Agency. DEA also reports range of values (0.2-0.4 MWh/t_N2) on pg. 288. Other efficienices reported are even higher, e.g. 0.11 Mwh/t_N2 from Morgan (2013): Techno-Economic Feasibility Study of Ammonia Plants Powered by Offshore Wind .", -air separation unit,investment,820676.5784,EUR/t_N2/h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 -air separation unit,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -allam,VOM,2.0,EUR/MWh,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -allam,efficiency,0.6,p.u.,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -allam,investment,1500.0,EUR/kW,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -allam,lifetime,30.0,years,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,FOM,5.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.99,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",CO2 volume captured / (Stream flowrate * Max. capacity utilization * CO2 in exhaust * 8760),2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.1,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,investment,929753.03,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 41 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 389000 t/year",2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -battery inverter,FOM,0.3375,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -battery inverter,efficiency,0.96,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2020.0 -battery inverter,investment,170.144,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2020.0 -battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -battery storage,investment,151.0028,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2020.0 -battery storage,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,FOM,3.4167,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,VOM,823.497,EUR/MWh_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-biochar,0.404,MWh_biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency biochar",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.4848,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency heat",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,investment,154405.68,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.0582,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0 -biodiesel crops,fuel,137.6508,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIORPS1 (rape seed), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -bioethanol crops,CO2 intensity,0.1289,tCO2/MWh_th,,"CO2 released during fermentation of bioethanol crops, based on stochiometric composition: C6H12O6 -> 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2 , i.e. 1 kg ethanol → ~0.956 kg CO₂ (from fermentation) → 0.1289 tCO₂/MWh (with LHV = 26.7 MJ/kg).", -bioethanol crops,fuel,82.4367,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOCRP11 (Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -biogas,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 -biogas,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biogas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, -biogas,fuel,62.4351,EUR/MWhth,JRC and Zappa, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biogas,investment,955.1865,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 -biogas,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biogas CC,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas CC,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 -biogas CC,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biogas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, -biogas CC,investment,955.1865,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 -biogas CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biogas manure,fuel,19.8676,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOGAS1 (manure), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,VOM,3.8282,EUR/MWh_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Variable O&M,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,investment,803.9304,EUR/kW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Specific investment,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -biogas upgrading,FOM,17.0397,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Fixed O&M ",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,VOM,3.6704,EUR/MWh output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Variable O&M",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,investment,170.2068,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: investment (upgrading, methane redution and grid injection)",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biomass,FOM,4.5269,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,efficiency,0.468,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,fuel,7.4076,EUR/MWhth,IEA2011b, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,investment,2337.6116,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,lifetime,30.0,years,ECF2010 in DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass CHP,FOM,3.5822,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass CHP,VOM,2.222,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -biomass CHP,c_b,0.4564,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -biomass CHP,efficiency,0.3003,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7083,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass CHP,investment,3397.1862,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-electricity-input,0.085,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-heat-output,0.14,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,electricity-input,0.025,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-input,0.72,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-output,0.72,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,investment,2700000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass EOP,FOM,3.5822,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass EOP,VOM,2.222,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -biomass EOP,c_b,0.4564,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -biomass EOP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -biomass EOP,efficiency,0.3003,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass EOP,efficiency-heat,0.7083,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass EOP,investment,3397.1862,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -biomass EOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass HOP,FOM,5.7529,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Fixed O&M, heat output",2015.0 -biomass HOP,VOM,2.9457,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Variable O&M heat output,2015.0 -biomass HOP,efficiency,1.0323,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass HOP,investment,881.102,EUR/kW_th - heat output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Nominal investment ,2015.0 -biomass HOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -biomass boiler,FOM,7.4851,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass boiler,efficiency,0.86,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -biomass boiler,investment,687.1015,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Specific investment",2015.0 -biomass boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass boiler,pelletizing cost,9.0,EUR/MWh_pellets,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.109506,,2019.0 -biomass-to-methanol,C in fuel,0.4129,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,C stored,0.5871,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,CO2 stored,0.2153,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,FOM,1.3333,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,VOM,14.4653,EUR/MWh_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Variable O&M,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency,0.61,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Methanol Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-electricity,0.02,MWh_e/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Electricity Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-heat,0.22,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: District heat Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,investment,3106.3291,EUR/kW_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Specific investment,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,FOM,14.18,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",123.67 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘BF-BOF’.,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,coal-input,1.43,MWh_coal/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15). ","Based on process ‘Avg BF-BOF` using 195 kg_PCI/t_HM (PCI = Pulverized Coal Injected; HM = Hot Metal) as substitute for coke, 24 MJ/kg as LHV for coal and 1 : 1.1 as HM-to-steel ratio.",2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15).",,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,investment,7637406.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",871.85 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘Avg BF-BOF’.,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15).",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,ore-input,1.539,t_ore/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",Based on process ‘Avg BF-BOF`,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,scrap-input,0.051,t_scrap/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",Based on process ‘Avg BF-BOF`,2020.0 -cement capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,compression-electricity-input,0.085,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,compression-heat-output,0.14,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,electricity-input,0.022,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,heat-input,0.72,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,heat-output,1.54,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,investment,2600000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,FOM,7.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",CO2 volume captured / (Stream flowrate * Max. capacity utilization * CO2 in exhaust * 8760),2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,investment,2587727.173,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 247 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 842000 t/year",2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement dry clinker,FOM,4.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,VOM,5.2911,EUR/t_clinker,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,electricity-input,0.0694,MWh_el/t_clinker,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original values 0.25 PJ per Mt clinker,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,gas-input,0.0002,MWh_NG/t_clinker,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original values 0.0058 PJ per Mt clinker,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,heat-input,0.9444,MWh_th/t_CO2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original values 3.4 PJ per Mt clinker,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,investment,1158752.6816,EUR/t_clinker/h,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original value 125 EUR/t/year,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,lifetime,30.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement finishing,FOM,30.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement finishing,VOM,3.1747,EUR/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement finishing,clinker-input,0.656,t_cl/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND_Trans.xlsx`, Sheet `IND_Trans` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer),2015.0 -cement finishing,electricity-input,0.1736,MWh_el/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND_Trans.xlsx`, Sheet `IND_Trans` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer) with original value 0.6251 PJ per Mt cement.,2015.0 -cement finishing,investment,92700.2145,EUR/t_cement/h,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original value 10 EUR/t/year,2015.0 -cement finishing,lifetime,25.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer),2015.0 -cement finishing,slag-input,0.194,t_slag/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND_Trans.xlsx`, Sheet `IND_Trans` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer),2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.2336,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.6561,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.2,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Total efficiency, net, name plate",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,investment,906.0988,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central coal CHP,FOM,1.6316,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central coal CHP,VOM,3.005,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central coal CHP,c_b,1.01,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -central coal CHP,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cv coefficient,2015.0 -central coal CHP,efficiency,0.52,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","01 Coal CHP: Electricity efficiency, condensation mode, net",2015.0 -central coal CHP,investment,1968.7948,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central coal CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.3504,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.127,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,efficiency,5.3,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,investment,604.0659,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas CHP,FOM,3.3214,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP,VOM,4.4445,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP,c_b,1.0,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central gas CHP,c_v,0.17,per unit,DEA (loss of fuel for additional heat), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central gas CHP,efficiency,0.41,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central gas CHP,investment,592.6041,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central gas CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,FOM,3.3214,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,VOM,4.4445,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,c_b,1.0,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,efficiency,0.41,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,investment,592.6041,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas boiler,FOM,3.8,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central gas boiler,VOM,1.0582,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central gas boiler,efficiency,1.04,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","44 Natural Gas DH Only: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central gas boiler,investment,52.9111,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central gas boiler,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,FOM,0.8437,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,VOM,4.86,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,investment,2822.2404,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.394,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.3268,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,1.73,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,investment,537.1533,EUR/kW_th excluding drive energy,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,investment,1164.0438,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central resistive heater,FOM,1.7,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central resistive heater,VOM,1.0582,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central resistive heater,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","41 Electric Boilers: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central resistive heater,investment,63.4933,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Nominal investment; 10/15 kV; >10 MW,2015.0 -central resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central solar thermal,FOM,1.4,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solar thermal,investment,148151.0278,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,FOM,2.8661,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,VOM,4.8512,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,c_b,0.3506,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency,0.2699,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.8245,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,investment,3544.5017,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,FOM,2.8661,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,VOM,4.8512,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_b,0.3506,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency,0.2699,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.8245,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,investment,5207.5282,EUR/kW_e,Combination of central solid biomass CHP CC and solid biomass boiler steam,,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,FOM,2.8661,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,VOM,4.8512,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_b,0.3506,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency,0.2699,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency-heat,0.8245,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,investment,3544.5017,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central water pit charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2020.0 -central water pit discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2020.0 -central water pit storage,Bottom storage temperature,35.0,⁰C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Typical bottom storage temperature,2020.0 -central water pit storage,FOM,0.2354,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -central water pit storage,Top storage temperature,90.0,⁰C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Typical max. storage temperature,2020.0 -central water pit storage,energy to power ratio,30.0,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2020.0 -central water pit storage,investment,1.0622,EUR/kWh Capacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Specific investment,2020.0 -central water pit storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -central water pit storage,standing losses,0.0078,%/hour,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Energy losses during storage,2020.0 -central water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2020.0 -central water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2020.0 -central water tank storage,FOM,1.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central water tank storage,energy to power ratio,60.3448,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2020.0 -central water tank storage,investment,3.0361,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Specific investment,2020.0 -central water tank storage,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -central water tank storage,standing losses,0.0077,%/hour,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Energy losses during storage,2020.0 -central water tank storage,temperature difference,55.0,"hot/cold, K","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Typical temperature difference,2020.0 -clean water tank storage,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0 -clean water tank storage,investment,69.1286,EUR/m^3-H2O,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0 -clean water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",, -coal,CO2 intensity,0.3361,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid-Emissionen des deutschen Strommix in den Jahren 1990 - 2018,, -coal,FOM,1.31,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100.",2023.0 -coal,VOM,3.2612,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3+5.5)USD/MWh_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR).",2023.0 -coal,efficiency,0.356,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. 1 / ((8.75+12) MMbtu/MWh_th /2 / (3.4095 MMbtu/MWh_th)), rounded up.",2023.0 -coal,fuel,9.5542,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on IEA 2011 data, 99 USD/t.",2010.0 -coal,investment,3827.1629,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Higher costs include coal plants with CCS, but since using here for calculating the average nevertheless. Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3200+6775) USD/kW_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR).",2023.0 -coal,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 -csp-tower,FOM,1.1,%/year,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power),Ratio between CAPEX and FOM from ATB database for “moderate” scenario.,2020.0 -csp-tower,investment,108.37,"EUR/kW_th,dp",ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include solar field and solar tower as well as EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant). Total costs (223,708,924 USD) are divided by active area (heliostat reflective area, 1,269,054 m2) and multiplied by design point DNI (0.95 kW/m2) to obtain EUR/kW_th. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR.",2020.0 -csp-tower,lifetime,30.0,years,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power),-,2020.0 -csp-tower TES,FOM,1.1,%/year,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -csp-tower TES,investment,14.52,EUR/kWh_th,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include the TES incl. EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant, 2.791 MW_th TES). Total costs (69390776.7 USD) are divided by TES size to obtain EUR/kW_th. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR.",2020.0 -csp-tower TES,lifetime,30.0,years,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -csp-tower power block,FOM,1.1,%/year,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -csp-tower power block,investment,759.17,EUR/kW_e,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include the power cycle incl. BOP and EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant). Total costs (135185685.5 USD) are divided by power block nameplate capacity size to obtain EUR/kW_e. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR.",2020.0 -csp-tower power block,lifetime,30.0,years,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -decentral CHP,FOM,3.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral CHP,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral CHP,investment,1481.5103,EUR/kWel,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,FOM,3.0014,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.6,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.3 Air to water existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,899.4884,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,18.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,FOM,6.6924,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,efficiency,0.98,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","202 Natural gas boiler: Total efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,investment,314.1035,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler connection,investment,196.3147,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Possible additional specific investment,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler connection,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,1.8223,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.7 Ground source existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,1481.5103,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,FOM,2.0,%/year,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,investment,165.0975,EUR/kWth,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf) (+eigene Berechnung), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,FOM,2.0,%/year,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,investment,105.8222,EUR/kWhth,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,FOM,1.3,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,investment,285719.8393,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2020.0 -decentral water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,FOM,1.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,VOM,1.0241,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Variable O&M,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,energy to power ratio,0.15,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,investment,419.8622,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Specific investment,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,standing losses,2.1,%/hour,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Energy losses during storage,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,temperature difference,30.0,"hot/cold, K","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Typical temperature difference,2020.0 -digestible biomass,fuel,17.0611,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOAGRW1, ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0 -digestible biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -digestible biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -digestible biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.39,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, -digestible biomass to hydrogen,investment,3707.4795,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -direct air capture,FOM,4.95,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,compression-electricity-input,0.15,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,compression-heat-output,0.2,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,electricity-input,0.4,MWh_el/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","0.4 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 0.182 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019). Should already include electricity for water scrubbing and compression (high quality CO2 output).",2020.0 -direct air capture,heat-input,1.6,MWh_th/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","Thermal energy demand. Provided via air-sourced heat pumps. 1.6 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 1.102 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019).",2020.0 -direct air capture,heat-output,1.0,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,investment,6000000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct firing gas,FOM,1.1818,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas,VOM,0.2794,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing gas,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing gas,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,FOM,1.1818,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,VOM,0.2794,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,VOM,0.3326,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,VOM,0.3326,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Based on https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/capesize-freight-returns-below-operating-expense-levels-but-shipowners-reject-lay-ups/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","5000 USD/d OPEX, exchange rate: 1.15 USD = 1 EUR; absolute value calculate relative to investment cost.",2020.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,capacity,180000.0,t,-,"DWT; corresponds to size of Capesize bulk carriers which have previously docked at the habour in Hamburg, Germany. Short of 200 kt limit for VLBCs.",2020.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,investment,40000000.0,EUR,"Based on https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/dry-bulk-carriers-in-high-demand-as-rates-keep-rallying/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","See figure for ‘Dry Bulk Newbuild Prices’, Capesize at end of 2020. Exchange rate: 1.15 USD = 1 EUR.",2020.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,lifetime,25.0,years,"Based on https://mfame.guru/fall-life-expectancy-bulk-carriers/, accessed: 2022-12-03.",Expected lifetime.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,FOM,30.0,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","EAF has high OPEX of 62.99 EUR/year/t_steel, presumably because of electrode corrosion.",2020.0 -electric arc furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,electricity-input,0.6395,MWh_el/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘EAF’. ,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,hbi-input,1.0,t_hbi/t_steel,-,Assume HBI instead of scrap as input.Scrap would require higher input (in tonnes) as steel content is lower.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,investment,1839600.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",210 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘EAF’.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,FOM,30.0,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","EAF has high OPEX of 62.99 EUR/year/t_steel, presumably because of electrode corrosion.",2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,electricity-input,0.6395,MWh_el/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘EAF’. ,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,hbi-input,0.37,t_hbi/t_steel,"World Steel Association, Fact Sheet – Steel and raw materials: https://worldsteel.org/wp-content/uploads/Fact-sheet-raw-materials-2023-1.pdf, Accessed 2024-04-17.",Assume HBI instead of scrap as input.Scrap would require higher input (in tonnes) as steel content is lower.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,investment,1839600.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",210 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘EAF’.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,scrap-input,0.71,t_scrap/t_steel,"World Steel Association, Fact Sheet – Steel and raw materials: https://worldsteel.org/wp-content/uploads/Fact-sheet-raw-materials-2023-1.pdf, Accessed 2024-04-17.",,2020.0 -electric boiler steam,FOM,1.4571,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Fixed O&M,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,VOM,0.8811,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Variable O&M,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","310.1 Electric boiler steam : Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -electric boiler steam,investment,70.49,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Nominal investment,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Technical lifetime,2019.0 -electric steam cracker,FOM,3.0,%/year,Guesstimate,,2015.0 -electric steam cracker,VOM,190.4799,EUR/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",,2015.0 -electric steam cracker,carbondioxide-output,0.55,t_CO2/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), ",The report also references another source with 0.76 t_CO2/t_HVC, -electric steam cracker,electricity-input,2.7,MWh_el/t_HVC,"Lechtenböhmer et al. (2016): 10.1016/j.energy.2016.07.110, Section 4.3, page 6.",Assuming electrified processing., -electric steam cracker,investment,11124025.7434,EUR/(t_HVC/h),"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",Assuming CAPEX of 1200 €/t actually given in €/(t/a).,2015.0 -electric steam cracker,lifetime,30.0,years,Guesstimate,, -electric steam cracker,naphtha-input,14.8,MWh_naphtha/t_HVC,"Lechtenböhmer et al. (2016): 10.1016/j.energy.2016.07.110, Section 4.3, page 6.",, -electricity distribution grid,FOM,2.0,%/year,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity distribution grid,investment,529.1108,EUR/kW,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity distribution grid,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity grid connection,FOM,2.0,%/year,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity grid connection,investment,148.151,EUR/kW,DEA, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity grid connection,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electrobiofuels,C in fuel,0.9269,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,FOM,2.6667,%/year,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2015.0 -electrobiofuels,VOM,4.2296,EUR/MWh_th,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2017.0 -electrobiofuels,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -electrobiofuels,efficiency-biomass,1.3217,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,efficiency-hydrogen,1.2142,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,efficiency-tot,0.6328,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,investment,466206.9921,EUR/kW_th,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2017.0 -electrolysis,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 -electrolysis,efficiency,0.6217,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 -electrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.2228,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 -electrolysis,investment,1500.0,EUR/kW_e,private communications; IEA https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/9e0c82d4-06d2-496b-9542-f184ba803645/TheRoleofE-fuelsinDecarbonisingTransport.pdf,,2020.0 -electrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -electrolysis small,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 -electrolysis small,efficiency,0.6217,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 -electrolysis small,efficiency-heat,0.2228,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 -electrolysis small,investment,875.0,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Specific investment,2020.0 -electrolysis small,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Technical lifetime of plant,2020.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,FOM,7.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.94,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.12,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,investment,928559.735,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 36 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 342000 t/year",2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol from starch crop,FOM,16.4,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original values FIXOM in MEUR/GW divided by INVCOST for the corresponding year",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,VOM,26.3497,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value 6.93 MEUR/PJ VAROM",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,efficiency,0.58,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production. Converted from 0.35 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,investment,603376.8073,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for USA and European production,2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,FOM,19.51,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original values FIXOM in MEUR/GW divided by INVCOST for the corresponding year",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,VOM,23.1751,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production, original value 6.09 MEUR/PJ VAROM",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,efficiency,0.45,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production. Converted from 0.292 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,investment,446537.78,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for Brazilian production,2015.0 -fuel cell,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -fuel cell,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -fuel cell,investment,1164.0438,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -fuelwood,fuel,14.5224,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOO (FuelwoodRW), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -gas,CO2 intensity,0.198,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 50 GJ/t CH4,, -gas,fuel,24.568,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -gas boiler steam,FOM,4.18,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,VOM,1.007,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.93,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -gas boiler steam,investment,45.7727,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -gas storage,FOM,0.5368,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",150 Underground Storage of Gas: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -gas storage,investment,0.2366,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",150 Underground Storage of Gas: Specific investment,2020.0 -gas storage,lifetime,100.0,years,TODO no source,"150 Underground Storage of Gas: estimation: most underground storage are already built, they do have a long lifetime",2020.0 -gas storage charger,investment,15.2479,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",,2020.0 -gas storage discharger,investment,5.0826,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",,2020.0 -geothermal,CO2 intensity,0.12,tCO2/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",Likely to be improved; Average of 85 percent of global egs power plant capacity; Result of fluid circulation through rock formations,2020.0 -geothermal,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",See Supplemental Material of source for details,2020.0 -geothermal,district heat surcharge,25.0,%,Frey et al. 2022: Techno-Economic Assessment of Geothermal Resources in the Variscan Basement of the Northern Upper Rhine Graben,"If capital cost of electric generation from EGS is 100%, district heating adds additional 25%. Costs incurred by piping.",2020.0 -geothermal,district heat-input,0.8,MWh_thdh/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, District Heat-output. This is an assessment of typical heat losses when heat is transmitted from the EGS plant to the DH network, This is a rough estimate, depends on local conditions",2020.0 -geothermal,lifetime,30.0,years,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",,2020.0 -helmeth,FOM,3.0,%/year,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -helmeth,efficiency,0.8,per unit,HELMETH press release, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -helmeth,investment,2116.4433,EUR/kW,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -helmeth,lifetime,25.0,years,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -home battery inverter,FOM,0.3375,%/year,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -home battery inverter,efficiency,0.96,per unit,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2020.0 -home battery inverter,investment,242.5187,EUR/kW,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2020.0 -home battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -home battery storage,investment,215.7666,EUR/kWh,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2020.0 -home battery storage,lifetime,25.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -hydro,FOM,1.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -hydro,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -hydro,investment,2274.8177,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 -hydro,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,FOM,11.3,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","55.28 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ OPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15).",,2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,electricity-input,1.03,MWh_el/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ reduced by electricity demand of process ‘EAF’.,2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,hydrogen-input,2.1,MWh_H2/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2022-12-05). ","63 kg H2/t steel for process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ according to documentation (raw input files for MPP model list 73 kg H2 / t steel, which seems to high and is probably incorrect).",2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,investment,4277858.0,EUR/t_HBI/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","488.34 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ CAPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,ore-input,1.59,t_ore/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03). ",Based on process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’.,2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,compression-electricity-input,0.05,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.",1.707 kWh/kg.,2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,investment,87.69,EUR/kW_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.","2923 EUR/kg_H2. For a 206 kg/h compressor. Base CAPEX 40 528 EUR/kW_el with scale factor 0.4603. kg_H2 converted to MWh using LHV. Pressure range: 30 bar in, 250 bar out.",2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,lifetime,15.0,years,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,investment,13.5,EUR/kWh_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.","450 EUR/kg_H2 converted with LHV to MWh. For a type 1 hydrogen storage tank (steel, 15-250 bar). Currency year assumed 2020 for initial publication of reference; observe note in SI.4.3 that no currency year is explicitly stated in the reference.",2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,lifetime,20.0,years,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,min_fill_level,6.0,%,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,FOM,1.1133,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,investment,47.7573,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Specific investment,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,FOM,0.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,VOM,0.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Variable O&M,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,investment,2.1268,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Specific investment,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,lifetime,100.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,FOM,0.0931,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,VOM,3.2224,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Variable O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,efficiency,3.05,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,investment,941.1019,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Nominal investment,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,FOM,0.1117,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,VOM,3.2224,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Variable O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,efficiency,2.7,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,investment,784.2516,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -iron ore DRI-ready,commodity,97.73,EUR/t,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://missionpossiblepartnership.org/action-sectors/steel/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","DRI ready assumes 65% iron content, requiring no additional benefication.",2020.0 -iron-air battery,FOM,1.0,%/year,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery,investment,16.7282,EUR/kWh,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery,lifetime,17.5,years,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery charge,efficiency,0.71,per unit,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery discharge,efficiency,0.6,per unit,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -lignite,CO2 intensity,0.4069,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid-Emissionen des deutschen Strommix in den Jahren 1990 - 2018,, -lignite,FOM,1.31,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,VOM,3.2612,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3+5.5)USD/MWh_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR). Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,efficiency,0.33,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. 1 / ((8.75+12) MMbtu/MWh_th /2 / (3.4095 MMbtu/MWh_th)), rounded up. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,fuel,3.2985,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on IEA 2011 data, 10 USD/t.",2010.0 -lignite,investment,3827.1629,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Higher costs include coal plants with CCS, but since using here for calculating the average nevertheless. Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3200+6775) USD/kW_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR). Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf .",2023.0 -lignite,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -methanation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.2.3.1",,2017.0 -methanation,carbondioxide-input,0.198,t_CO2/MWh_CH4,"Götz et al. (2016): Renewable Power-to-Gas: A technological and economic review (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2015.07.066), Fig. 11 .",Additional H2 required for methanation process (2x H2 amount compared to stochiometric conversion)., -methanation,efficiency,0.8,per unit,Palzer and Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -methanation,hydrogen-input,1.282,MWh_H2/MWh_CH4,,Based on ideal conversion process of stochiometric composition (1 t CH4 contains 750 kg of carbon)., -methanation,investment,679.8185,EUR/kW_CH4,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 6: “Reference scenario”.",,2017.0 -methanation,lifetime,20.0,years,Guesstimate.,"Based on lifetime for methanolisation, Fischer-Tropsch plants.",2017.0 -methane storage tank incl. compressor,FOM,1.9,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor by DEA.",Based on assumptions for hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor (by DEA).,2014.0 -methane storage tank incl. compressor,investment,8961.5075,EUR/m^3,Storage costs per l: https://www.compositesworld.com/articles/pressure-vessels-for-alternative-fuels-2014-2023 (2021-02-10).,"Assume 5USD/l (= 4.23 EUR/l at 1.17 USD/EUR exchange rate) for type 1 pressure vessel for 200 bar storage and 100% surplus costs for including compressor costs with storage, based on similar assumptions by DEA for compressed hydrogen storage tanks.",2014.0 -methane storage tank incl. compressor,lifetime,30.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor by DEA.",Based on assumptions for hydrogen storage tank 1 including compressor (by DEA).,2014.0 -methanol,CO2 intensity,0.2482,tCO2/MWh_th,,, -methanol-to-kerosene,FOM,4.5,%/year,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",,2020.0 -methanol-to-kerosene,VOM,1.35,EUR/MWh_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",,2020.0 -methanol-to-kerosene,hydrogen-input,0.0279,MWh_H2/MWh_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 6.","Assuming LHV 11.94 kWh/kg for kerosene, 5.54 kWh/kg for methanol, 33.3 kWh/kg for hydrogen.", -methanol-to-kerosene,investment,269000.0,EUR/MW_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",,2020.0 -methanol-to-kerosene,lifetime,30.0,years,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",, -methanol-to-kerosene,methanol-input,1.0764,MWh_MeOH/MWh_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 6.","Assuming LHV 11.94 kWh/kg for kerosene, 5.54 kWh/kg for methanol, 33.3 kWh/kg for hydrogen.", -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,FOM,3.0,%/year,Guesstimate,same as steam cracker,2015.0 -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,VOM,31.7466,EUR/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35", ,2015.0 -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,carbondioxide-output,0.6107,t_CO2/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Sections 4.5 (for ethylene and propylene) and 4.6 (for BTX)","Weighted average: 0.4 t_MeOH/t_ethylene+propylene for 21.7 Mt of ethylene and 17 Mt of propylene, 1.13 t_CO2/t_BTX for 15.7 Mt of BTX. The report also references process emissions of 0.55 t_MeOH/t_ethylene+propylene elsewhere. ", -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,electricity-input,1.3889,MWh_el/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), page 69",5 GJ/t_HVC , -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,investment,2781006.4359,EUR/(t_HVC/h),"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",Assuming CAPEX of 1200 €/t actually given in €/(t/a).,2015.0 -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,lifetime,30.0,years,Guesstimate,same as steam cracker, -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,methanol-input,18.03,MWh_MeOH/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Sections 4.5 (for ethylene and propylene) and 4.6 (for BTX)","Weighted average: 2.83 t_MeOH/t_ethylene+propylene for 21.7 Mt of ethylene and 17 Mt of propylene, 4.2 t_MeOH/t_BTX for 15.7 Mt of BTX. Assuming 5.54 MWh_MeOH/t_MeOH. ", -methanolisation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.1.",,2017.0 -methanolisation,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -methanolisation,carbondioxide-input,0.248,t_CO2/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 66.",, -methanolisation,electricity-input,0.271,MWh_e/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 65.",, -methanolisation,heat-output,0.1,MWh_th/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 65.",steam generation of 2 GJ/t_MeOH, -methanolisation,hydrogen-input,1.138,MWh_H2/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 64.",189 kg_H2 per t_MeOH, -methanolisation,investment,703726.4462,EUR/MW_MeOH,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 8: “Reference scenario”.","Well developed technology, no significant learning expected.",2017.0 -methanolisation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (04/2022), Data sheet “Methanol to Power”.",,2017.0 -micro CHP,FOM,6.1111,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -micro CHP,efficiency,0.351,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Electric efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -micro CHP,efficiency-heat,0.609,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -micro CHP,investment,7841.7127,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 -micro CHP,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,FOM,11.3,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,gas-input,2.78,MWh_NG/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",Original value 10 GJ/t_DRI.,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,investment,4277858.0,EUR/t_HBI/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.","488.34 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ CAPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,ore-input,1.59,t_ore/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",, -nuclear,FOM,1.27,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (131.5+152.75)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) relative to investment costs.",2023.0 -nuclear,VOM,3.5464,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (4.25+5)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 -nuclear,efficiency,0.326,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on heat rate of 10.45 MMBtu/MWh_e and 3.4095 MMBtu/MWh_th, i.e. 1/(10.45/3.4095) = 0.3260.",2023.0 -nuclear,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -nuclear,investment,8594.1354,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (8475+13925)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 -nuclear,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 -offwind,FOM,2.3185,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Fixed O&M [EUR/MW_e/y, 2020]",2020.0 -offwind,VOM,0.0212,EUR/MWhel,RES costs made up to fix curtailment order, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind,investment,1682.1226,"EUR/kW_e, 2020","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Nominal investment [MEUR/MW_e, 2020] grid connection costs subtracted from investment costs",2020.0 -offwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2841.3251,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,1420.1334,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-ac-station,investment,264.5554,EUR/kWel,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2116.4433,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,1058.2216,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017; average + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-station,investment,423.2887,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017; assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-float,FOM,1.15,%/year,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0 -offwind-float,investment,2350.0,EUR/kWel,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0 -offwind-float,lifetime,20.0,years,C. Maienza 2020 A life cycle cost model for floating offshore wind farms,,2020.0 -offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2118.5597,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf,,2014.0 -offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,1039.4778,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017, average + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 -offwind-float-station,investment,415.7911,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017, assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 -oil,CO2 intensity,0.2571,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 44 GJ/t diesel and -CH2- approximation of diesel,, -oil,FOM,2.463,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -oil,VOM,6.3493,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0 -oil,efficiency,0.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","50 Diesel engine farm: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -oil,fuel,52.9111,EUR/MWhth,IEA WEM2017 97USD/boe = http://www.iea.org/media/weowebsite/2017/WEM_Documentation_WEO2017.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -oil,investment,362.97,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Specific investment,2015.0 -oil,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -onwind,FOM,1.2167,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -onwind,VOM,1.4286,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Variable O&M,2015.0 -onwind,investment,1095.8533,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Nominal investment ,2015.0 -onwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -organic rankine cycle,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551","Both for flash, binary and ORC plants. See Supplemental Material for details",2020.0 -organic rankine cycle,electricity-input,0.12,MWh_el/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, Electricity-output. This is a rough estimate, depends on input temperature, implies ~150 C.",2020.0 -organic rankine cycle,investment,1376.0,EUR/kW_el,Tartiere and Astolfi 2017: A world overview of the organic Rankine cycle market,"Low rollout complicates the estimation, compounded by a dependence both on plant size and temperature, converted from 1500 USD/kW using currency conversion 1.09 USD = 1 EUR.",2020.0 -organic rankine cycle,lifetime,30.0,years,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",,2020.0 -ror,FOM,2.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -ror,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -ror,investment,3412.2266,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 -ror,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -seawater RO desalination,electricity-input,0.003,MWHh_el/t_H2O,"Caldera et al. (2016): Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Fig. 4.",Desalination using SWRO. Assume medium salinity of 35 Practical Salinity Units (PSUs) = 35 kg/m^3., -seawater desalination,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2015.0 -seawater desalination,electricity-input,3.0348,kWh/m^3-H2O,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Fig. 4.",, -seawater desalination,investment,34796.4978,EUR/(m^3-H2O/h),"Caldera et al 2017: Learning Curve for Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination Plants: Capital Cost Trend of the Past, Present, and Future (https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR021402), Table 4.",,2015.0 -seawater desalination,lifetime,30.0,years,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",, -shipping fuel methanol,CO2 intensity,0.2482,tCO2/MWh_th,-,Based on stochiometric composition.,2020.0 -shipping fuel methanol,fuel,72.0,EUR/MWh_th,"Based on (source 1) Hampp et al (2022), https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.01092, and (source 2): https://www.methanol.org/methanol-price-supply-demand/; both accessed: 2022-12-03.",400 EUR/t assuming range roughly in the long-term range for green methanol (source 1) and late 2020+beyond values for grey methanol (source 2).,2020.0 -solar,FOM,1.9495,%/year,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop' and 50% 'solar-utility',2020.0 -solar,VOM,0.0106,EUR/MWhel,RES costs made up to fix curtailment order, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -solar,investment,543.3289,EUR/kW_e,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop' and 50% 'solar-utility',2020.0 -solar,lifetime,40.0,years,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop' and 50% 'solar-utility',2020.0 -solar-rooftop,FOM,1.4234,%/year,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop,discount rate,0.04,per unit,standard for decentral, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -solar-rooftop,investment,702.9265,EUR/kW_e,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop,lifetime,40.0,years,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,FOM,1.573,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,investment,565.8069,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,FOM,1.2737,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,investment,840.0461,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-utility,FOM,2.4757,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-utility,investment,383.7312,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-utility,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,FOM,2.2884,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,investment,454.4703,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solid biomass,CO2 intensity,0.3667,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 18 GJ/t_DM LHV and 50% C-content for solid biomass,, -solid biomass,fuel,13.6489,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOOW1 (secondary forest residue wood chips), ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,FOM,6.0754,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,VOM,2.8448,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,investment,595.0455,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,FOM,6.0754,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,VOM,2.8448,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,investment,595.0455,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -solid biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -solid biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -solid biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.56,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, -solid biomass to hydrogen,investment,3707.4795,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,FOM,5.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",CO2 volume captured / (Stream flowrate * Max. capacity utilization * CO2 in exhaust * 8760),2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,investment,3561435.753,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 1342 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 3324000 t/year",2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -uranium,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -waste CHP,FOM,2.355,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -waste CHP,VOM,28.064,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -waste CHP,c_b,0.2918,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP,efficiency,0.2081,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7619,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP,investment,8582.5944,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -waste CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,FOM,2.355,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,VOM,28.064,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,c_b,0.2918,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,efficiency,0.2081,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.7619,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,investment,8582.5944,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -water tank charger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -water tank discharger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 diff --git a/ariadne-data/costs/mean/costs_2035.csv b/ariadne-data/costs/mean/costs_2035.csv deleted file mode 100644 index 6a3547881..000000000 --- a/ariadne-data/costs/mean/costs_2035.csv +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1238 +0,0 @@ -technology,parameter,value,unit,source,further description,currency_year -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,FOM,2.8,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,VOM,0.2389,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,electricity-input,1.38,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,investment,429.0306,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,lifetime,40.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,FOM,2.3,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,VOM,0.2389,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,electricity-input,1.416,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,investment,506.0332,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,FOM,2.3,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,VOM,0.1934,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,electricity-input,1.41,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,investment,582.922,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW, -Ammonia cracker,FOM,4.3,%/year,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 7.","Estimated based on Labour cost rate, Maintenance cost rate, Insurance rate, Admin. cost rate and Chemical & other consumables cost rate.",2015.0 -Ammonia cracker,ammonia-input,1.46,MWh_NH3/MWh_H2,"ENGIE et al (2020): Ammonia to Green Hydrogen Feasibility Study (https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/880826/HS420_-_Ecuity_-_Ammonia_to_Green_Hydrogen.pdf), Fig. 10.",Assuming a integrated 200t/d cracking and purification facility. Electricity demand (316 MWh per 2186 MWh_LHV H2 output) is assumed to also be ammonia LHV input which seems a fair assumption as the facility has options for a higher degree of integration according to the report)., -Ammonia cracker,investment,982536.4099,EUR/MW_H2,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 6.",Calculated. For a small (200 t_NH3/d input) facility. Base cost for facility: 51 MEUR at capacity 20 000m^3_NH3/h = 339 t_NH3/d input. Cost scaling exponent 0.67. Ammonia density 0.7069 kg/m^3. Conversion efficiency of cracker: 0.685. Ammonia LHV: 5.167 MWh/t_NH3.; and Calculated. For a large (2500 t_NH3/d input) facility. Base cost for facility: 51 MEUR at capacity 20 000m^3_NH3/h = 339 t_NH3/d input. Cost scaling exponent 0.67. Ammonia density 0.7069 kg/m^3. Conversion efficiency of cracker: 0.685. Ammonia LHV: 5.167 MWh/t_NH3.,2015.0 -Ammonia cracker,lifetime,25.0,years,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 7.",,2015.0 -BEV Bus city,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,Motor size,372.4138,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,efficiency,0.7965,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,investment,214506.8497,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Coach,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,Motor size,418.9655,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,efficiency,0.7797,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,investment,295046.6532,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,Motor size,641.3793,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,efficiency,1.3144,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,investment,151213.8954,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,lifetime,10.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,Motor size,412.069,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,efficiency,0.8284,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,investment,251193.9654,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,Motor size,832.7586,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,efficiency,1.4589,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,investment,167722.8037,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),FOM,0.9,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),efficiency,0.68,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),investment,24358.0,EUR/PKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (trucks),FOM,16.0,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (trucks),2020.0 -Battery electric (trucks),investment,134700.0,EUR/LKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (trucks),2020.0 -Battery electric (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (trucks),2020.0 -BioSNG,C in fuel,0.3496,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,C stored,0.6504,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,CO2 stored,0.2385,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,FOM,1.6302,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Fixed O&M",2020.0 -BioSNG,VOM,1.7812,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Variable O&M",2020.0 -BioSNG,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -BioSNG,efficiency,0.6475,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Bio SNG Output",2020.0 -BioSNG,investment,1674.855,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Specific investment",2020.0 -BioSNG,lifetime,25.0,years,TODO,"84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -BtL,C in fuel,0.2805,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,C stored,0.7195,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,CO2 stored,0.2638,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,FOM,2.7484,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Fixed O&M",2020.0 -BtL,VOM,1.1305,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Variable O&M",2020.0 -BtL,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -BtL,efficiency,0.4,per unit,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Electricity Output",2020.0 -BtL,investment,2858.5639,EUR/kW_th,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Specific investment",2017.0 -BtL,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Technical lifetime",2020.0 -CCGT,FOM,3.3252,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -CCGT,VOM,4.3916,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Variable O&M",2015.0 -CCGT,c_b,2.05,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -CCGT,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -CCGT,efficiency,0.585,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -CCGT,investment,870.3873,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Nominal investment",2015.0 -CCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -CH4 (g) fill compressor station,FOM,1.7,%/year,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0 -CH4 (g) fill compressor station,investment,1654.96,EUR/MW_CH4,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station cost.","Assume same ratio as between H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station, i.e. 1:19 , due to a lack of reliable numbers.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) fill compressor station,lifetime,20.0,years,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,FOM,1.5,%/year,Assume same as for H2 (g) pipeline in 2050 (CH4 pipeline as mature technology).,"Due to lack of numbers, use comparable H2 pipeline assumptions.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,electricity-input,0.01,MW_e/1000km/MW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: 112 6 gas Main distri line.","Assumption for gas pipeline >100MW, 0.1% per station and spacing of 100km yields 1%/1000km. Electric compression.",2015.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,investment,87.22,EUR/MW/km,Guesstimate.,"Based on Arab Gas Pipeline: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Gas_Pipeline: cost = 1.2e9 $-US (year = ?), capacity=10.3e9 m^3/a NG, l=1200km, NG-LHV=39MJ/m^3*90% (also Wikipedia estimate from here https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_of_combustion). Presumed to include booster station cost.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,lifetime,50.0,years,Assume same as for H2 (g) pipeline in 2050 (CH4 pipeline as mature technology).,"Due to lack of numbers, use comparable H2 pipeline assumptions.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,FOM,3.0,%/year,"d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material.",-,2015.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,electricity-input,0.01,MW_e/1000km/MW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: 112 6 gas Main distri line.","Assumption for gas pipeline >100MW, 0.1% per station and spacing of 100km yields 1%/1000km. Electric compression.",2015.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,investment,119.3173,EUR/MW/km,Kaiser (2017): 10.1016/j.marpol.2017.05.003 .,"Based on Gulfstream pipeline costs (430 mi long pipeline for natural gas in deep/shallow waters) of 2.72e6 USD/mi and 1.31 bn ft^3/d capacity (36 in diameter), LHV of methane 13.8888 MWh/t and density of 0.657 kg/m^3 and 1.17 USD:1EUR conversion rate = 102.4 EUR/MW/km. Number is without booster station cost. Estimation of additional cost for booster stations based on H2 (g) pipeline numbers from Guidehouse (2020): European Hydrogen Backbone report and Danish Energy Agency (2021): Technology Data for Energy Transport, were booster stations make ca. 6% of pipeline cost; here add additional 10% for booster stations as they need to be constructed submerged or on plattforms. (102.4*1.1).",2014.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,lifetime,30.0,years,"d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material.",-,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,capacity,58300.0,t_CH4,"Calculated, based on Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",based on 138 000 m^3 capacity and LNG density of 0.4226 t/m^3 .,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,investment,159791465.6831,EUR,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,lifetime,25.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2015.0 -CH4 evaporation,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 evaporation,investment,91.1101,EUR/kW_CH4,"Calculated, based on Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306","based on 100 MUSD-2005/(1 bcm/a), 1 bcm = 10.6 TWh, currency exchange rate: 1.15 USD=1 EUR.",2005.0 -CH4 evaporation,lifetime,30.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,electricity-input,0.036,MWh_el/MWh_CH4,"Pospíšil et al. (2019): Energy demand of liquefaction and regasification of natural gas and the potential of LNG for operative thermal energy storage (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.09.027), Table 2 and Table 3. alternative source 2: https://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/methane (accessed 2021-02-10).","Assuming 0.5 MWh/t_CH4 for refigeration cycle based on Table 2 of source; cleaning of gas presumed unnecessary as it should be nearly pure CH4 (=SNG). Assuming energy required is only electricity which is for Table 3 in the source provided with efficiencies of ~50% of LHV, making the numbers consistent with the numbers in Table 2.", -CH4 liquefaction,investment,241.443,EUR/kW_CH4,"Calculated, based on Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306","based on 265 MUSD-2005/(1 bcm/a), 1 bcm = 10.6 TWh, currency exchange rate: 1.15 USD=1 EUR.",2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,lifetime,25.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,methane-input,1.0,MWh_CH4/MWh_CH4,"Pospíšil et al. (2019): Energy demand of liquefaction and regasification of natural gas and the potential of LNG for operative thermal energy storage (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.09.027), Table 2 and Table 3. alternative source 2: https://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/methane (accessed 2021-02-10).","For refrigeration cycle, cleaning of gas presumed unnecessary as it should be nearly pure CH4 (=SNG). Assuming energy required is only electricity which is for Table 3 in the source provided with efficiencies of ~50% of LHV, making the numbers consistent with the numbers in Table 2.", -CO2 liquefaction,FOM,5.0,%/year,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,,2004.0 -CO2 liquefaction,carbondioxide-input,1.0,t_CO2/t_CO2,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,"Assuming a pure, humid, low-pressure input stream. Neglecting possible gross-effects of CO2 which might be cycled for the cooling process.", -CO2 liquefaction,electricity-input,0.123,MWh_el/t_CO2,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,, -CO2 liquefaction,heat-input,0.0067,MWh_th/t_CO2,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,For drying purposes., -CO2 liquefaction,investment,16.7226,EUR/t_CO2/h,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,"Plant capacity of 20 kt CO2 / d and an uptime of 85%. For a high purity, humid, low pressure input stream, includes drying and compression necessary for liquefaction.",2004.0 -CO2 liquefaction,lifetime,25.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on CH4 liquefaction.",,2004.0 -CO2 pipeline,FOM,0.9,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",,2015.0 -CO2 pipeline,investment,2116.4433,EUR/(tCO2/h)/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",Assuming the 120-500 t CO2/h range that is based on cost of a 12 inch onshore pipeline.,2015.0 -CO2 pipeline,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",,2015.0 -CO2 storage tank,FOM,1.0,%/year,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, pg. 2746 .","Assuming a 3000m^3 pressurised steel cylinder tanks and a CO2 density of 1100 kg/m^3 (close to triple point at -56.6°C and 5.2 bar with max density of 1200kg/m^3 ). Lauri et al. report costs 3x higher per m^3 for steel tanks, which are consistent with other sources. The numbers reported are in rather difficult to pinpoint as systems can greatly vary.",2013.0 -CO2 storage tank,investment,2584.3462,EUR/t_CO2,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, Table 3.","Assuming a 3000m^3 pressurised steel cylinder tanks and a CO2 density of 1100 kg/m^3 (close to triple point at -56.6°C and 5.2 bar with max density of 1200kg/m^3 ). Lauri et al. report costs 3x higher per m^3 for steel tanks, which are consistent with other sources. The numbers reported are in rather difficult to pinpoint as systems can greatly vary.",2013.0 -CO2 storage tank,lifetime,25.0,years,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, pg. 2746 .","Assuming a 3000m^3 pressurised steel cylinder tanks and a CO2 density of 1100 kg/m^3 (close to triple point at -56.6°C and 5.2 bar with max density of 1200kg/m^3 ). Lauri et al. report costs 3x higher per m^3 for steel tanks, which are consistent with other sources. The numbers reported are in rather difficult to pinpoint as systems can greatly vary.",2013.0 -CO2 submarine pipeline,FOM,0.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",,2015.0 -CO2 submarine pipeline,investment,4232.8865,EUR/(tCO2/h)/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",Assuming the 120-500 t CO2/h range that is based on cost of a 12 inch offshore pipeline.,2015.0 -Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,FOM,1.6,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,investment,448894.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,FOM,2.2,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,investment,1788360.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,FOM,2.2,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,investment,1787894.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,FOM,1.8,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,investment,1005.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,FOM,0.9265,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.64 (p.86) Figure 4.14","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,efficiency,0.7211,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.52^0.5']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,investment,946180.9426,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Turbine Compressor BOP EPC Management']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-store,FOM,0.43,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB 4.5.2.1 Fixed O&M p.62 (p.84)","{'carrier': ['pair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-store,investment,5448.7894,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.64 (p.86)","{'carrier': ['pair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Cavern Storage']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['pair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,investment,144192.2682,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,efficiency,0.4343,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,investment,576769.073,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Concrete-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['concrete'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Concrete-store,investment,24044.2324,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['concrete'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -Concrete-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['concrete'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -"Container feeder, ammonia",efficiency,0.7754,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container feeder, ammonia",investment,36714522.6264,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container feeder, ammonia",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container feeder, diesel",efficiency,0.7718,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, diesel",2023.0 -"Container feeder, diesel",investment,34966212.0251,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, diesel",2023.0 -"Container feeder, diesel",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, diesel",2023.0 -"Container feeder, methanol",efficiency,0.7711,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, methanol",2023.0 -"Container feeder, methanol",investment,35884174.4147,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, methanol",2023.0 -"Container feeder, methanol",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, methanol",2023.0 -"Container, ammonia",efficiency,1.7094,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container, ammonia",investment,125635594.6493,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container, ammonia",lifetime,31.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container, diesel",efficiency,1.6399,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, diesel",2023.0 -"Container, diesel",investment,119652947.2851,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, diesel",2023.0 -"Container, diesel",lifetime,32.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, diesel",2023.0 -"Container, methanol",efficiency,1.7001,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, methanol",2023.0 -"Container, methanol",investment,122644270.9672,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, methanol",2023.0 -"Container, methanol",lifetime,32.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, methanol",2023.0 -Diesel Bus city,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,Motor size,250.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,efficiency,1.8862,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,investment,150756.2732,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,Motor size,350.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,efficiency,2.0089,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,investment,231296.0768,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,FOM,0.0005,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,Motor size,380.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,efficiency,3.1541,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,investment,142012.114,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,lifetime,10.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,Motor size,273.1034,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,efficiency,2.0148,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,investment,155444.0931,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,Motor size,382.3529,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,efficiency,3.1242,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,investment,177515.1425,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,Motor size,405.5172,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,VOM,0.0979,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,efficiency,1.484,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,investment,289935.0389,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Coach,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,Motor size,405.5172,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,efficiency,1.4658,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,investment,356840.1722,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,Motor size,535.3448,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,efficiency,2.4337,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,investment,139809.9795,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,lifetime,10.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,Motor size,398.2759,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,efficiency,1.6195,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,investment,235054.9487,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,Motor size,398.2759,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,efficiency,2.7049,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,investment,257125.9981,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FT fuel transport ship,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -FT fuel transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_FTfuel,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -FT fuel transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -FT fuel transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.1.",,2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,VOM,3.9346,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",102 Hydrogen to Jet: Variable O&M,2020.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -Fischer-Tropsch,carbondioxide-input,0.3135,t_CO2/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","Input per 1t FT liquid fuels output, carbon efficiency increases with years (4.3, 3.9, 3.6, 3.3 t_CO2/t_FT from 2020-2050 with LHV 11.95 MWh_th/t_FT).", -Fischer-Tropsch,efficiency,0.799,per unit,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.2.",,2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,electricity-input,0.007,MWh_el/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","0.005 MWh_el input per FT output, output increasing from 2020 to 2050 (0.65, 0.7, 0.73, 0.75 MWh liquid FT output).", -Fischer-Tropsch,hydrogen-input,1.392,MWh_H2/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","0.995 MWh_H2 per output, output increasing from 2020 to 2050 (0.65, 0.7, 0.73, 0.75 MWh liquid FT output).", -Fischer-Tropsch,investment,657729.5552,EUR/MW_FT,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 8: “Reference scenario”.","Well developed technology, no significant learning expected.",2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (04/2022), Data sheet “Methanol to Power”.",,2017.0 -Gasnetz,FOM,2.5,%,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz,2020.0 -Gasnetz,investment,28.0,EUR/kWGas,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz,2020.0 -Gasnetz,lifetime,30.0,years,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz,2020.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),FOM,6.25,%/year,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , figure 7 and pg. 12 .",Assuming ca. 10 EUR/m^3/a (center value between stand alone and addon facility).,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),investment,137.8999,EUR/m^3,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 8F .",Assumed 20% lower than for product storage. Crude or middle distillate tanks are usually larger compared to product storage due to lower requirements on safety and different construction method. Reference size used here: 80 000 – 120 000 m^3 .,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),lifetime,30.0,years,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 11.",,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),FOM,6.25,%/year,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , figure 7 and pg. 12 .",Assuming ca. 10 EUR/m^3/a (center value between stand alone and addon facility).,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),investment,172.3748,EUR/m^3,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 8F .",Assumed at the higher end for addon facilities/mid-range for stand-alone facilities. Product storage usually smaller due to higher requirements on safety and different construction method. Reference size used here: 40 000 - 60 000 m^3 .,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),lifetime,30.0,years,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 11.",,2012.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.76 (p.98) Sentence 1 in 4.7.2 Operating Costs","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['1.5 percent of capital cost']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,efficiency,0.9274,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.36","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.86^0.5']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,investment,415570.5177,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 0% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,lifetime,41.7,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.36","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-store,investment,157381.7274,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 15% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['gravity'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Gravitational Capital (SB+BOS)']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-store,lifetime,41.7,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.36","{'carrier': ['gravity'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.76 (p.98) Sentence 1 in 4.7.2 Operating Costs","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['1.5 percent of capital cost']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,efficiency,0.9014,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level ((0.785+0.84)/2)^0.5']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,investment,365630.713,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 0% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-store,investment,121755.0274,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 15% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['gravitywa'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Gravitational Capital (SB+BOS)']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['gravitywa'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.76 (p.98) Sentence 1 in 4.7.2 Operating Costs","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['1.5 percent of capital cost']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,efficiency,0.9014,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level ((0.785+0.84)/2)^0.5']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,investment,905158.9602,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 0% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-store,investment,95982.5211,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 15% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['gravitywu'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Gravitational Capital (SB+BOS)']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['gravitywu'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -H2 (g) fill compressor station,FOM,1.7,%/year,"Guidehouse 2020: European Hydrogen Backbone report, https://guidehouse.com/-/media/www/site/downloads/energy/2020/gh_european-hydrogen-backbone_report.pdf (table 3, table 5)","Pessimistic (highest) value chosen for 48'' pipeline w/ 13GW_H2 LHV @ 100bar pressure. Currency year: Not clearly specified, assuming year of publication. Forecast year: Not clearly specified, guessing based on text remarks.",2020.0 -H2 (g) fill compressor station,investment,4738.7164,EUR/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), pg. 164, Figure 14 (Fill compressor).","Assumption for staging 35→140bar, 6000 MW_HHV single line pipeline. Considering HHV/LHV ration for H2.",2015.0 -H2 (g) fill compressor station,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), pg. 168, Figure 24 (Fill compressor).",,2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,FOM,2.75,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, > 6000 MW_HHV single line pipeline, incl. booster station investments. Considering LHV by scaling with LHV/HHV=0.8462623413.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,electricity-input,0.0185,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,investment,303.6845,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 4.4 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, > 6000 MW_HHV single line pipeline, incl. booster station investments. Considering LHV by scaling with LHV/HHV=0.8462623413.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,FOM,2.75,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.",Same as for new H2 (g) pipeline.,2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,electricity-input,0.0185,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,investment,129.4682,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line repurposed pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 0.8 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.",Same as for new H2 (g) pipeline.,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,FOM,3.0,%/year,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,electricity-input,0.0185,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,investment,456.1165,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line offshore pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 7.48 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,lifetime,30.0,years,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,FOM,3.0,%/year,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,electricity-input,0.0185,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,investment,160.1562,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line repurposed offshore pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 1.5 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,lifetime,30.0,years,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (l) storage tank,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.",Assuming currency year and technology year here (25 EUR/kg).,2015.0 -H2 (l) storage tank,investment,793.7456,EUR/MWh_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.","Assuming currency year and technology year here (25 EUR/kg). Future target cost. Today’s cost potentially higher according to d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material pg. 16.",2015.0 -H2 (l) storage tank,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.",Assuming currency year and technology year here (25 EUR/kg).,2015.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,capacity,11000.0,t_H2,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,investment,393737000.0,EUR,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,lifetime,20.0,years,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 evaporation,FOM,2.5,%/year,"DNV GL (2020): Study on the Import of Liquid Renewable Energy: Technology Cost Assessment, https://www.gie.eu/wp-content/uploads/filr/2598/DNV-GL_Study-GLE-Technologies-and-costs-analysis-on-imports-of-liquid-renewable-energy.pdf .",,2020.0 -H2 evaporation,investment,124.592,EUR/kW_H2,"IRENA (2022): Global Hydrogen Trade to Meet the 1.5° Climate Goal: Technology Review of Hydrogen Carriers, https://www.irena.org/publications/2022/Apr/Global-hydrogen-trade-Part-II , pg. 62f.","Pessimistic assumption for large scale facility / near-term estimate for medium sized facility, in between low / mid estimate with e.g. DNV numbers (Fig. 3.15).; and Optimistic assumption for large scale facility 2500 t/d, cf Fig. 3.15 .",2022.0 -H2 evaporation,lifetime,20.0,years,Guesstimate.,Based on lifetime of liquefaction plant.,2015.0 -H2 liquefaction,FOM,2.5,%/year,"DNV GL (2020): Study on the Import of Liquid Renewable Energy: Technology Cost Assessment, https://www.gie.eu/wp-content/uploads/filr/2598/DNV-GL_Study-GLE-Technologies-and-costs-analysis-on-imports-of-liquid-renewable-energy.pdf .",,2020.0 -H2 liquefaction,electricity-input,0.203,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"Heuser et al. (2019): Techno-economic analysis of a potential energy trading link between Patagonia and Japan based on CO2 free hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.12.156), table 1.","6.78 kWh/kg_H2, considering H2 with LHV of 33.3333 MWh/t", -H2 liquefaction,hydrogen-input,1.017,MWh_H2/MWh_H2,"Heuser et al. (2019): Techno-economic analysis of a potential energy trading link between Patagonia and Japan based on CO2 free hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.12.156), table 1.",corresponding to 1.65% losses during liquefaction, -H2 liquefaction,investment,800.9483,EUR/kW_H2,"IRENA (2022): Global Hydrogen Trade to Meet the 1.5° Climate Goal: Technology Review of Hydrogen Carriers, https://www.irena.org/publications/2022/Apr/Global-hydrogen-trade-Part-II , pg. 62f.","Assumption for a 200t/d facility (Pessimistic long-term or optimistic short-term value).; and Assumption for a large >300t/d, e.g. 2500 t/d facility (Optimistic long-term value without change in base technology mentioned in report).",2022.0 -H2 liquefaction,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2022.0 -H2 pipeline,FOM,3.0,%/year,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -H2 pipeline,investment,282.5452,EUR/MW/km,Welder et al https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.05.059, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -H2 pipeline,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,FOM,5.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,VOM,0.5118,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,electricity-input,0.097,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification,investment,1467.9399,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification,wood-input,1.804,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification CC,FOM,5.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification CC,VOM,0.5232,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification CC,electricity-input,0.143,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification CC,investment,1489.0957,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification CC,wood-input,1.804,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification,FOM,6.1,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification,VOM,0.5061,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification,coal-input,1.62,MWh_coal/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification,electricity-input,0.02,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification,investment,399.1168,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification CC,FOM,7.22,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification CC,VOM,0.1479,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification CC,coal-input,1.62,MWh_coal/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification CC,electricity-input,0.023,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification CC,investment,413.4481,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,FOM,5.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,VOM,0.1592,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,electricity-input,0.063,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,investment,491.1331,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,lifetime,25.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,oil-input,1.3,MWh_oil/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,FOM,4.9,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,VOM,0.2047,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,electricity-input,0.02,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,gas-input,1.25,MWh_NG/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,investment,180.0518,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,FOM,6.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,VOM,0.0796,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,electricity-input,0.039,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,gas-input,1.4,MWh_NG/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,investment,217.5863,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,FOM,4.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,VOM,0.7393,EUR/MWh,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,electricity-input,0.044,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,investment,590.6564,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,wood-input,1.36,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -HVAC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVAC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVAC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,investment,165803.0398,EUR/MW,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC submarine,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0 -HVDC submarine,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1,2017.0 -HVDC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0 -HVDC underground,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 -HVDC underground,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1 (same as for HVDC submarine),2017.0 -HVDC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 -Haber-Bosch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,VOM,0.0225,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Variable O&M,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,electricity-input,0.2473,MWh_el/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), table 11.",Assume 5 GJ/t_NH3 for compressors and NH3 LHV = 5.16666 MWh/t_NH3., -Haber-Bosch,hydrogen-input,1.1484,MWh_H2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.","178 kg_H2 per t_NH3, LHV for both assumed.", -Haber-Bosch,investment,1327.0808,EUR/kW_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,nitrogen-input,0.1597,t_N2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.",".33 MWh electricity are required for ASU per t_NH3, considering 0.4 MWh are required per t_N2 and LHV of NH3 of 5.1666 Mwh.", -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,investment,144192.2682,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,efficiency,0.4444,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,investment,576769.073,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['salthight'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-store,investment,94107.5489,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['salthight'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['salthight'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),FOM,1.1,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),efficiency,0.48,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),investment,30720.0,EUR/PKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),FOM,13.0,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),efficiency,0.56,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),investment,117600.0,EUR/LKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,FOM,0.6345,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,efficiency,0.6963,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133) include inverter 0.98 & transformer efficiency 0.98 ","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Electrolyzer']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,investment,347170.8209,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.113 (p.135)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Electrolyzer']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,lifetime,30.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,FOM,0.5812,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,efficiency,0.4869,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133) include inverter 0.98 & transformer efficiency 0.98 ","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Fuel Cell']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,investment,379007.4464,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.113 (p.135)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Fuel Cell']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,lifetime,30.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-store,FOM,0.43,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB =(C38+C39)*0.43/4","{'carrier': ['h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-store,investment,4779.9527,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.113 (p.135)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Cavern Storage']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-store,lifetime,30.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LNG storage tank,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank with comparable requirements.",Currency year and technology year assumed based on publication date.,2019.0 -LNG storage tank,investment,666.634,EUR/m^3,"Hurskainen 2019, https://cris.vtt.fi/en/publications/liquid-organic-hydrogen-carriers-lohc-concept-evaluation-and-tech pg. 46 (59).",Currency year and technology year assumed based on publication date.,2019.0 -LNG storage tank,lifetime,20.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank with comparable requirements.",Currency year and technology year assumed based on publication date.,2019.0 -LOHC chemical,investment,2500.0,EUR/t,"Runge et al 2020, pg.7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC chemical,lifetime,20.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, pg.7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation,investment,53681.4988,EUR/MW_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",per MW H2 (LHV). For a large plant of 1000 MW capacity. Calculated based on base CAPEX of 30 MEUR for 300 t/day capacity and a scale factor of 0.6.,2015.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),FOM,3.0,%/year,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),investment,839000.0,EUR/MW_H2,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",MW of H2 LHV. For a small plant of 0.9 MW capacity.,2020.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),lifetime,20.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,electricity-input,0.004,MWh_el/t_HLOHC,Niermann et al. (2019): (https://doi.org/10.1039/C8EE02700E). 6A .,"Flow in figures shows 0.2 MW for 114 MW_HHV = 96.4326 MW_LHV = 2.89298 t hydrogen. At 5.6 wt-% effective H2 storage for loaded LOHC (H18-DBT, HLOHC), corresponds to 51.6604 t loaded LOHC .", -LOHC hydrogenation,hydrogen-input,1.867,MWh_H2/t_HLOHC,"Runge et al 2020, pg. 7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",Considering 5.6 wt-% H2 in loaded LOHC (HLOHC) and LHV of H2., -LOHC hydrogenation,investment,54243.958,EUR/MW_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",per MW H2 (LHV). For a large plant of 2000 MW capacity. Calculated based on base CAPEX of 40 MEUR for 300 t/day capacity and a scale factor of 0.6.,2015.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,lohc-input,0.944,t_LOHC/t_HLOHC,"Runge et al 2020, pg. 7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514","Loaded LOHC (H18-DBT, HLOHC) has loaded only 5.6%-wt H2 as rate of discharge is kept at ca. 90%.", -LOHC loaded DBT storage,FOM,6.25,%/year,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -LOHC loaded DBT storage,investment,151.5383,EUR/t,"Density via Wissenschaftliche Dienste des Deutschen Bundestages 2020, https://www.bundestag.de/resource/blob/816048/454e182d5956d45a664da9eb85486f76/WD-8-058-20-pdf-data.pdf , pg. 11.","Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared. Density of loaded LOHC H18-DBT is 0.91 t/m^3.",2012.0 -LOHC loaded DBT storage,lifetime,30.0,years,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -LOHC transport ship,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_LOHC,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC unloaded DBT storage,FOM,6.25,%/year,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -LOHC unloaded DBT storage,investment,134.2745,EUR/t,"Density via Wissenschaftliche Dienste des Deutschen Bundestages 2020, https://www.bundestag.de/resource/blob/816048/454e182d5956d45a664da9eb85486f76/WD-8-058-20-pdf-data.pdf , pg. 11.","Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared. Density of loaded LOHC H18-DBT is 0.91 t/m^3, density of unloaded LOHC H0-DBT is 1.04 t/m^3 but unloading is only to 90% (depth-of-discharge), assume density via linearisation of 1.027 t/m^3.",2012.0 -LOHC unloaded DBT storage,lifetime,30.0,years,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,FOM,2.4427,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,efficiency,0.8832,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.78^0.5']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,investment,128853.6139,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-store,FOM,0.2542,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['lead'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-store,investment,320631.3818,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['lead'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-store,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['lead'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),FOM,1.6,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),efficiency,0.215,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),investment,25622.0,EUR/PKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),FOM,16.6,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),efficiency,0.373,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),investment,108086.0,EUR/LKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,FOM,0.366,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,investment,475721.2289,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Figure 9 of reference roughly 80% of capital cost are power related 47%/80% of costs are required for liquefaction (charging)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,FOM,0.5212,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,efficiency,0.55,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE 0.545 assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,investment,334017.033,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, NULL","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-store,FOM,0.3208,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['lair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-store,investment,159004.771,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['lair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Liquid Air SB and BOS']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['lair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,FOM,2.1198,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,efficiency,0.9193,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.8452^0.5']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,investment,81553.4846,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,lifetime,16.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-store,FOM,0.0447,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['lfp'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-store,investment,236482.8109,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['lfp'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-store,lifetime,16.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['lfp'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,FOM,2.1198,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,efficiency,0.9193,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.8452^0.5']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,investment,81553.4846,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,lifetime,13.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-store,FOM,0.038,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['nmc'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-store,investment,269576.8493,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['nmc'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-store,lifetime,13.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['nmc'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,investment,144192.2682,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,efficiency,0.5394,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,investment,576769.073,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-store,investment,58041.2003,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_MeOH,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",,2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,investment,18016.8665,EUR/MW_H2,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.","For high temperature steam reforming plant with a capacity of 200 MW_H2 output (6t/h). Reference plant of 1 MW (30kg_H2/h) costs 150kEUR, scale factor of 0.6 assumed.",2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",,2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,methanol-input,1.201,MWh_MeOH/MWh_H2,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",Assuming per 1 t_H2 (with LHV 33.3333 MWh/t): 4.5 MWh_th and 3.2 MWh_el are required. We assume electricity can be substituted / provided with 1:1 as heat energy., -NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank.",,2010.0 -NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,investment,166.8201,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Calculated based on Morgan E. 2013: doi:10.7275/11KT-3F59 , Fig. 55, Fig 58.","Based on estimated for a double-wall liquid ammonia tank (~ambient pressure, -33°C), inner tank from stainless steel, outer tank from concrete including installations for liquefaction/condensation, boil-off gas recovery and safety installations; the necessary installations make only a small fraction of the total cost. The total cost are driven by material and working time on the tanks. -While the costs do not scale strictly linearly, we here assume they do (good approximation c.f. ref. Fig 55.) and take the costs for a 9 kt NH3 (l) tank = 8 M$2010, which is smaller 4-5x smaller than the largest deployed tanks today. -We assume an exchange rate of 1.17$ to 1 €. -The investment value is given per MWh NH3 store capacity, using the LHV of NH3 of 5.18 MWh/t.",2010.0 -NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,lifetime,20.0,years,"Morgan E. 2013: doi:10.7275/11KT-3F59 , pg. 290",,2010.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B",,2019.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,capacity,53000.0,t_NH3,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B",,2019.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,investment,81164200.0,EUR,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B",,2019.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,lifetime,20.0,years,"Guess estimated based on H2 (l) tanker, but more mature technology",,2019.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,FOM,2.1198,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['((0.75-0.87)/2)^0.5 mean value of range efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,investment,81553.4846,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) same as Li-LFP","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-store,FOM,0.2262,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-store,investment,267837.874,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-store,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -OCGT,FOM,1.785,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -OCGT,VOM,4.762,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Variable O&M,2015.0 -OCGT,efficiency,0.415,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","52 OCGT - Natural gas: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -OCGT,investment,454.3898,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 -OCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -PEM electrolyzer small size,FOM,3.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW,2010.0 -PEM electrolyzer small size,electricity-input,1.31,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW, -PEM electrolyzer small size,investment,1080.5384,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW,2010.0 -PEM electrolyzer small size,lifetime,7.5,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`","Likely stack lifetime, rather than electrolyzer system lifetime", -PHS,FOM,1.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -PHS,efficiency,0.75,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -PHS,investment,2274.8177,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 -PHS,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,FOM,0.366,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Charger']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,investment,761782.6727,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Figure 9 of reference roughly 80% of capital cost are power related 47%/80% of costs are required for liquefaction (charging)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,lifetime,33.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,FOM,0.5212,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,efficiency,0.63,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE 0.62 assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,investment,534868.6851,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, NULL","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,lifetime,33.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-store,FOM,0.1528,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.103 (p.125)","{'carrier': ['phes'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-store,investment,11546.7963,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.92 (p.114)","{'carrier': ['phes'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Molten Salt based SB and BOS']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-store,lifetime,33.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['phes'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,FOM,0.9951,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, Figure 4.16","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,efficiency,0.8944,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.8^0.5']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,investment,1397128.4612,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Powerhouse Construction & Infrastructure']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-store,FOM,0.43,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['phs'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-store,investment,57074.0625,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['phs'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Reservoir Construction & Infrastructure']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['phs'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -SMR,FOM,5.0,%/year,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR,efficiency,0.76,per unit (in LHV),"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SMR,investment,522201.0492,EUR/MW_CH4,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR,lifetime,30.0,years,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SMR CC,FOM,5.0,%/year,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR CC,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",wide range: capture rates between 54%-90%, -SMR CC,efficiency,0.69,per unit (in LHV),"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SMR CC,investment,605753.2171,EUR/MW_CH4,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR CC,lifetime,30.0,years,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SOEC,FOM,4.0,%/year,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,US-based assumptions for a Conservative cost scenario,2022.0 -SOEC,electricity-input,1.17,MWh_el/MWh_H2,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,, -SOEC,investment,2188.8138,USD/kW,"ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions, https://theicct.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/fuels-eu-cost-renew-H-produced-onsite-H-refueling-stations-europe-feb22.pdf adjusted according to DOE observations https://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/docs/hydrogenprogramlibraries/pdfs/24005-clean-hydrogen-production-cost-pem-electrolyzer.pdf?sfvrsn=8cb10889_1#:~:text=This%20Record%20shows%20that%20the,factors%20of%2050%2D75%25",US-based assumptions for a Conservative cost scenario,2022.0 -SOEC,lifetime,30.0,years,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,, -Sand-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Sand-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Sand-charger,investment,144192.2682,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Sand-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,efficiency,0.53,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,investment,576769.073,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Sand-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['sand'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Sand-store,investment,6700.8517,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.100 (p.122)","{'carrier': ['sand'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -Sand-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['sand'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Steam methane reforming,FOM,3.0,%/year,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW).,2015.0 -Steam methane reforming,investment,497454.611,EUR/MW_H2,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW). Currency conversion 1.17 USD = 1 EUR.,2015.0 -Steam methane reforming,lifetime,30.0,years,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW).,2015.0 -Steam methane reforming,methane-input,1.483,MWh_CH4/MWh_H2,"Keipi et al (2018): Economic analysis of hydrogen production by methane thermal decomposition (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2017.12.063), table 2.","Large scale SMR plant producing 2.5 kg/s H2 output (assuming 33.3333 MWh/t H2 LHV), with 6.9 kg/s CH4 input (feedstock) and 2 kg/s CH4 input (energy). Neglecting water consumption.", -"Tank&bulk, diesel",efficiency,0.462,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, diesel",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, diesel",investment,35129312.4041,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, diesel",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, diesel",lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, diesel",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, methanol",efficiency,0.4695,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, methanol",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, methanol",investment,36007545.2142,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, methanol",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, methanol",lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, methanol",2023.0 -"Tankbulk, ammonia",efficiency,0.471,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tankbulk, ammonia",2023.0 -"Tankbulk, ammonia",investment,36885778.0243,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tankbulk, ammonia",2023.0 -"Tankbulk, ammonia",lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tankbulk, ammonia",2023.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,FOM,2.4395,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,efficiency,0.8062,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.65^0.5']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,investment,129023.0526,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-store,FOM,0.2345,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['vanadium'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-store,investment,258072.8586,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['vanadium'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-store,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['vanadium'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,FOM,2.4395,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,efficiency,0.7937,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.25 ","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['(0.63)^0.5 efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,investment,129023.0526,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,lifetime,25.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-store,FOM,0.1654,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-store,investment,174388.0144,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.48 (p.70) text below Table 4.12","{'carrier': ['znair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-store,lifetime,25.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['znair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,FOM,2.1198,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,efficiency,0.8307,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.25 ","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['(0.69)^0.5 efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,investment,81553.4846,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,lifetime,10.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.27","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-store,FOM,0.2576,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znbrflow'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-store,investment,412306.5947,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['znbrflow'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-store,lifetime,10.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.27","{'carrier': ['znbrflow'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,FOM,2.4395,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,efficiency,0.8888,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.25","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': [' (0.79)^0.5 efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,investment,129023.0526,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,FOM,0.2244,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,investment,239220.5823,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -air separation unit,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -air separation unit,electricity-input,0.25,MWh_el/t_N2,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), p.288.","For consistency reasons use value from Danish Energy Agency. DEA also reports range of values (0.2-0.4 MWh/t_N2) on pg. 288. Other efficienices reported are even higher, e.g. 0.11 Mwh/t_N2 from Morgan (2013): Techno-Economic Feasibility Study of Ammonia Plants Powered by Offshore Wind .", -air separation unit,investment,745954.8206,EUR/t_N2/h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 -air separation unit,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -allam,VOM,2.0,EUR/MWh,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -allam,efficiency,0.6,p.u.,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -allam,investment,1500.0,EUR/kW,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -allam,lifetime,30.0,years,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,FOM,5.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.99,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",CO2 volume captured / (Stream flowrate * Max. capacity utilization * CO2 in exhaust * 8760),2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.1,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,investment,929753.03,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 41 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 389000 t/year",2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -battery inverter,FOM,0.4154,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -battery inverter,efficiency,0.96,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2020.0 -battery inverter,investment,138.242,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2020.0 -battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -battery storage,investment,125.4812,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2020.0 -battery storage,lifetime,27.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,FOM,3.3913,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,VOM,823.497,EUR/MWh_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-biochar,0.404,MWh_biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency biochar",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.4848,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency heat",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,investment,147972.11,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.0582,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0 -biodiesel crops,fuel,137.5968,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIORPS1 (rape seed), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -bioethanol crops,CO2 intensity,0.1289,tCO2/MWh_th,,"CO2 released during fermentation of bioethanol crops, based on stochiometric composition: C6H12O6 -> 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2 , i.e. 1 kg ethanol → ~0.956 kg CO₂ (from fermentation) → 0.1289 tCO₂/MWh (with LHV = 26.7 MJ/kg).", -bioethanol crops,fuel,84.2795,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOCRP11 (Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -biogas,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 -biogas,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biogas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, -biogas,fuel,62.4351,EUR/MWhth,JRC and Zappa, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biogas,investment,938.7177,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 -biogas,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biogas CC,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas CC,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 -biogas CC,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biogas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, -biogas CC,investment,938.7177,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 -biogas CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biogas manure,fuel,19.8729,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOGAS1 (manure), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,VOM,3.4454,EUR/MWh_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Variable O&M,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,investment,723.5374,EUR/kW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Specific investment,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -biogas upgrading,FOM,17.3842,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Fixed O&M ",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,VOM,3.373,EUR/MWh output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Variable O&M",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,investment,153.313,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: investment (upgrading, methane redution and grid injection)",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biomass,FOM,4.5269,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,efficiency,0.468,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,fuel,7.4076,EUR/MWhth,IEA2011b, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,investment,2337.6116,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,lifetime,30.0,years,ECF2010 in DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass CHP,FOM,3.5717,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass CHP,VOM,2.222,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -biomass CHP,c_b,0.4564,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -biomass CHP,efficiency,0.3003,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7083,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass CHP,investment,3318.3391,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,capture_rate,0.925,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-electricity-input,0.08,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-heat-output,0.135,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,electricity-input,0.024,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-input,0.69,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-output,0.69,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,investment,2550000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass EOP,FOM,3.5717,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass EOP,VOM,2.222,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -biomass EOP,c_b,0.4564,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -biomass EOP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -biomass EOP,efficiency,0.3003,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass EOP,efficiency-heat,0.7083,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass EOP,investment,3318.3391,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -biomass EOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass HOP,FOM,5.7396,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Fixed O&M, heat output",2015.0 -biomass HOP,VOM,3.0344,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Variable O&M heat output,2015.0 -biomass HOP,efficiency,0.7818,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass HOP,investment,860.0901,EUR/kW_th - heat output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Nominal investment ,2015.0 -biomass HOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -biomass boiler,FOM,7.4981,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass boiler,efficiency,0.865,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -biomass boiler,investment,670.7159,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Specific investment",2015.0 -biomass boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass boiler,pelletizing cost,9.0,EUR/MWh_pellets,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.109506,,2019.0 -biomass-to-methanol,C in fuel,0.4197,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,C stored,0.5803,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,CO2 stored,0.2128,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,FOM,1.5331,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,VOM,14.4653,EUR/MWh_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Variable O&M,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency,0.62,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Methanol Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-electricity,0.02,MWh_e/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Electricity Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-heat,0.22,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: District heat Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,investment,2681.013,EUR/kW_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Specific investment,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,FOM,14.18,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",123.67 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘BF-BOF’.,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,coal-input,1.43,MWh_coal/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15). ","Based on process ‘Avg BF-BOF` using 195 kg_PCI/t_HM (PCI = Pulverized Coal Injected; HM = Hot Metal) as substitute for coke, 24 MJ/kg as LHV for coal and 1 : 1.1 as HM-to-steel ratio.",2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15).",,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,investment,7637406.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",871.85 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘Avg BF-BOF’.,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15).",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,ore-input,1.539,t_ore/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",Based on process ‘Avg BF-BOF`,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,scrap-input,0.051,t_scrap/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",Based on process ‘Avg BF-BOF`,2020.0 -cement capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,capture_rate,0.925,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,compression-electricity-input,0.08,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,compression-heat-output,0.135,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,electricity-input,0.021,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,heat-input,0.69,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,heat-output,1.51,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,investment,2400000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,FOM,7.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",CO2 volume captured / (Stream flowrate * Max. capacity utilization * CO2 in exhaust * 8760),2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,investment,2587727.173,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 247 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 842000 t/year",2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement dry clinker,FOM,4.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,VOM,5.2911,EUR/t_clinker,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,electricity-input,0.0694,MWh_el/t_clinker,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original values 0.25 PJ per Mt clinker,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,gas-input,0.0002,MWh_NG/t_clinker,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original values 0.0058 PJ per Mt clinker,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,heat-input,0.9444,MWh_th/t_CO2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original values 3.4 PJ per Mt clinker,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,investment,1158752.6816,EUR/t_clinker/h,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original value 125 EUR/t/year,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,lifetime,30.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement finishing,FOM,30.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement finishing,VOM,3.1747,EUR/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement finishing,clinker-input,0.656,t_cl/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND_Trans.xlsx`, Sheet `IND_Trans` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer),2015.0 -cement finishing,electricity-input,0.1736,MWh_el/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND_Trans.xlsx`, Sheet `IND_Trans` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer) with original value 0.6251 PJ per Mt cement.,2015.0 -cement finishing,investment,92700.2145,EUR/t_cement/h,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original value 10 EUR/t/year,2015.0 -cement finishing,lifetime,25.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer),2015.0 -cement finishing,slag-input,0.194,t_slag/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND_Trans.xlsx`, Sheet `IND_Trans` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer),2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.2336,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.4868,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.25,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Total efficiency, net, name plate",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,investment,906.0988,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central coal CHP,FOM,1.6316,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central coal CHP,VOM,2.9741,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central coal CHP,c_b,1.01,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -central coal CHP,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cv coefficient,2015.0 -central coal CHP,efficiency,0.5238,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","01 Coal CHP: Electricity efficiency, condensation mode, net",2015.0 -central coal CHP,investment,1948.5297,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central coal CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.3504,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.1694,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,efficiency,5.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,investment,604.0659,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas CHP,FOM,3.3545,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP,VOM,4.3916,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP,c_b,1.0,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central gas CHP,c_v,0.17,per unit,DEA (loss of fuel for additional heat), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central gas CHP,efficiency,0.415,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central gas CHP,investment,582.0219,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central gas CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,FOM,3.3545,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,VOM,4.3916,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,c_b,1.0,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,efficiency,0.415,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,investment,582.0219,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas boiler,FOM,3.7,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central gas boiler,VOM,1.0582,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central gas boiler,efficiency,1.04,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","44 Natural Gas DH Only: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central gas boiler,investment,52.9111,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central gas boiler,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,FOM,0.845,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,VOM,4.8424,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,investment,2773.9495,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.4041,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.373,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,1.735,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,investment,523.7245,EUR/kW_th excluding drive energy,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,investment,1084.6772,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central resistive heater,FOM,1.6583,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central resistive heater,VOM,1.0582,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central resistive heater,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","41 Electric Boilers: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central resistive heater,investment,63.4933,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Nominal investment; 10/15 kV; >10 MW,2015.0 -central resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central solar thermal,FOM,1.4,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solar thermal,investment,148151.0278,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,FOM,2.8627,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,VOM,4.8732,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,c_b,0.3485,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency,0.2687,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.8257,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,investment,3493.3,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,FOM,2.8627,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,VOM,4.8732,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_b,0.3485,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency,0.2687,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.8257,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,investment,5061.4763,EUR/kW_e,Combination of central solid biomass CHP CC and solid biomass boiler steam,,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,FOM,2.8627,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,VOM,4.8732,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_b,0.3485,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency,0.2687,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency-heat,0.8257,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,investment,3493.3,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central water pit charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2020.0 -central water pit discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2020.0 -central water pit storage,Bottom storage temperature,35.0,⁰C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Typical bottom storage temperature,2020.0 -central water pit storage,FOM,0.2354,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -central water pit storage,Top storage temperature,90.0,⁰C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Typical max. storage temperature,2020.0 -central water pit storage,energy to power ratio,22.5,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2020.0 -central water pit storage,investment,1.0622,EUR/kWh Capacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Specific investment,2020.0 -central water pit storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -central water pit storage,standing losses,0.0078,%/hour,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Energy losses during storage,2020.0 -central water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2020.0 -central water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2020.0 -central water tank storage,FOM,1.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central water tank storage,energy to power ratio,60.3448,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2020.0 -central water tank storage,investment,3.0361,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Specific investment,2020.0 -central water tank storage,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -central water tank storage,standing losses,0.0077,%/hour,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Energy losses during storage,2020.0 -central water tank storage,temperature difference,55.0,"hot/cold, K","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Typical temperature difference,2020.0 -clean water tank storage,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0 -clean water tank storage,investment,69.1286,EUR/m^3-H2O,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0 -clean water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",, -coal,CO2 intensity,0.3361,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid-Emissionen des deutschen Strommix in den Jahren 1990 - 2018,, -coal,FOM,1.31,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100.",2023.0 -coal,VOM,3.2612,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3+5.5)USD/MWh_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR).",2023.0 -coal,efficiency,0.356,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. 1 / ((8.75+12) MMbtu/MWh_th /2 / (3.4095 MMbtu/MWh_th)), rounded up.",2023.0 -coal,fuel,9.5542,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on IEA 2011 data, 99 USD/t.",2010.0 -coal,investment,3827.1629,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Higher costs include coal plants with CCS, but since using here for calculating the average nevertheless. Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3200+6775) USD/kW_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR).",2023.0 -coal,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 -csp-tower,FOM,1.2,%/year,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power),Ratio between CAPEX and FOM from ATB database for “moderate” scenario.,2020.0 -csp-tower,investment,104.17,"EUR/kW_th,dp",ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include solar field and solar tower as well as EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant). Total costs (223,708,924 USD) are divided by active area (heliostat reflective area, 1,269,054 m2) and multiplied by design point DNI (0.95 kW/m2) to obtain EUR/kW_th. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR.",2020.0 -csp-tower,lifetime,30.0,years,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power),-,2020.0 -csp-tower TES,FOM,1.2,%/year,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -csp-tower TES,investment,13.955,EUR/kWh_th,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include the TES incl. EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant, 2.791 MW_th TES). Total costs (69390776.7 USD) are divided by TES size to obtain EUR/kW_th. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR.",2020.0 -csp-tower TES,lifetime,30.0,years,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -csp-tower power block,FOM,1.2,%/year,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -csp-tower power block,investment,729.755,EUR/kW_e,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include the power cycle incl. BOP and EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant). Total costs (135185685.5 USD) are divided by power block nameplate capacity size to obtain EUR/kW_e. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR.",2020.0 -csp-tower power block,lifetime,30.0,years,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -decentral CHP,FOM,3.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral CHP,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral CHP,investment,1481.5103,EUR/kWel,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,FOM,3.0335,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.65,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.3 Air to water existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,875.6784,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,18.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,FOM,6.7009,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,efficiency,0.9825,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","202 Natural gas boiler: Total efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,investment,306.613,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler connection,investment,191.6331,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Possible additional specific investment,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler connection,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,1.8594,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.9375,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.7 Ground source existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,1428.5992,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,FOM,2.0,%/year,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,investment,165.0975,EUR/kWth,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf) (+eigene Berechnung), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,FOM,2.0,%/year,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,investment,105.8222,EUR/kWhth,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,FOM,1.3,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,investment,285719.8393,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2020.0 -decentral water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,FOM,1.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,VOM,1.1265,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Variable O&M,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,energy to power ratio,0.15,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,investment,419.8622,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Specific investment,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,standing losses,2.1,%/hour,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Energy losses during storage,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,temperature difference,30.0,"hot/cold, K","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Typical temperature difference,2020.0 -digestible biomass,fuel,17.0611,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOAGRW1, ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0 -digestible biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -digestible biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -digestible biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.39,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, -digestible biomass to hydrogen,investment,3442.6595,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -direct air capture,FOM,4.95,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,compression-electricity-input,0.15,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,compression-heat-output,0.2,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,electricity-input,0.4,MWh_el/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","0.4 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 0.182 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019). Should already include electricity for water scrubbing and compression (high quality CO2 output).",2020.0 -direct air capture,heat-input,1.6,MWh_th/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","Thermal energy demand. Provided via air-sourced heat pumps. 1.6 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 1.102 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019).",2020.0 -direct air capture,heat-output,0.875,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,investment,5500000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct firing gas,FOM,1.1667,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas,VOM,0.2807,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing gas,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing gas,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,FOM,1.1667,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,VOM,0.2807,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,FOM,1.4773,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,VOM,0.3339,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,FOM,1.4773,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,VOM,0.3339,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Based on https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/capesize-freight-returns-below-operating-expense-levels-but-shipowners-reject-lay-ups/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","5000 USD/d OPEX, exchange rate: 1.15 USD = 1 EUR; absolute value calculate relative to investment cost.",2020.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,capacity,180000.0,t,-,"DWT; corresponds to size of Capesize bulk carriers which have previously docked at the habour in Hamburg, Germany. Short of 200 kt limit for VLBCs.",2020.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,investment,40000000.0,EUR,"Based on https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/dry-bulk-carriers-in-high-demand-as-rates-keep-rallying/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","See figure for ‘Dry Bulk Newbuild Prices’, Capesize at end of 2020. Exchange rate: 1.15 USD = 1 EUR.",2020.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,lifetime,25.0,years,"Based on https://mfame.guru/fall-life-expectancy-bulk-carriers/, accessed: 2022-12-03.",Expected lifetime.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,FOM,30.0,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","EAF has high OPEX of 62.99 EUR/year/t_steel, presumably because of electrode corrosion.",2020.0 -electric arc furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,electricity-input,0.6395,MWh_el/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘EAF’. ,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,hbi-input,1.0,t_hbi/t_steel,-,Assume HBI instead of scrap as input.Scrap would require higher input (in tonnes) as steel content is lower.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,investment,1839600.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",210 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘EAF’.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,FOM,30.0,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","EAF has high OPEX of 62.99 EUR/year/t_steel, presumably because of electrode corrosion.",2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,electricity-input,0.6395,MWh_el/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘EAF’. ,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,hbi-input,0.37,t_hbi/t_steel,"World Steel Association, Fact Sheet – Steel and raw materials: https://worldsteel.org/wp-content/uploads/Fact-sheet-raw-materials-2023-1.pdf, Accessed 2024-04-17.",Assume HBI instead of scrap as input.Scrap would require higher input (in tonnes) as steel content is lower.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,investment,1839600.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",210 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘EAF’.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,scrap-input,0.71,t_scrap/t_steel,"World Steel Association, Fact Sheet – Steel and raw materials: https://worldsteel.org/wp-content/uploads/Fact-sheet-raw-materials-2023-1.pdf, Accessed 2024-04-17.",,2020.0 -electric boiler steam,FOM,1.4214,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Fixed O&M,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,VOM,0.8333,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Variable O&M,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","310.1 Electric boiler steam : Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -electric boiler steam,investment,70.49,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Nominal investment,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Technical lifetime,2019.0 -electric steam cracker,FOM,3.0,%/year,Guesstimate,,2015.0 -electric steam cracker,VOM,190.4799,EUR/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",,2015.0 -electric steam cracker,carbondioxide-output,0.55,t_CO2/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), ",The report also references another source with 0.76 t_CO2/t_HVC, -electric steam cracker,electricity-input,2.7,MWh_el/t_HVC,"Lechtenböhmer et al. (2016): 10.1016/j.energy.2016.07.110, Section 4.3, page 6.",Assuming electrified processing., -electric steam cracker,investment,11124025.7434,EUR/(t_HVC/h),"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",Assuming CAPEX of 1200 €/t actually given in €/(t/a).,2015.0 -electric steam cracker,lifetime,30.0,years,Guesstimate,, -electric steam cracker,naphtha-input,14.8,MWh_naphtha/t_HVC,"Lechtenböhmer et al. (2016): 10.1016/j.energy.2016.07.110, Section 4.3, page 6.",, -electricity distribution grid,FOM,2.0,%/year,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity distribution grid,investment,529.1108,EUR/kW,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity distribution grid,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity grid connection,FOM,2.0,%/year,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity grid connection,investment,148.151,EUR/kW,DEA, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity grid connection,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electrobiofuels,C in fuel,0.9281,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,FOM,2.7484,%/year,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2015.0 -electrobiofuels,VOM,3.8235,EUR/MWh_th,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2017.0 -electrobiofuels,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -electrobiofuels,efficiency-biomass,1.3233,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,efficiency-hydrogen,1.2339,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,efficiency-tot,0.6385,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,investment,428759.8057,EUR/kW_th,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2017.0 -electrolysis,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 -electrolysis,efficiency,0.6374,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 -electrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.2039,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 -electrolysis,investment,1350.0,EUR/kW_e,private communications; IEA https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/9e0c82d4-06d2-496b-9542-f184ba803645/TheRoleofE-fuelsinDecarbonisingTransport.pdf,,2020.0 -electrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -electrolysis small,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 -electrolysis small,efficiency,0.6374,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 -electrolysis small,efficiency-heat,0.2039,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 -electrolysis small,investment,775.0,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Specific investment,2020.0 -electrolysis small,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Technical lifetime of plant,2020.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,FOM,7.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.94,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.12,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,investment,928559.735,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 36 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 342000 t/year",2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol from starch crop,FOM,16.4,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original values FIXOM in MEUR/GW divided by INVCOST for the corresponding year",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,VOM,26.3497,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value 6.93 MEUR/PJ VAROM",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,efficiency,0.58,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production. Converted from 0.35 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,investment,603376.8073,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for USA and European production,2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,FOM,19.51,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original values FIXOM in MEUR/GW divided by INVCOST for the corresponding year",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,VOM,23.1751,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production, original value 6.09 MEUR/PJ VAROM",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,efficiency,0.45,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production. Converted from 0.292 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,investment,446537.78,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for Brazilian production,2015.0 -fuel cell,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -fuel cell,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -fuel cell,investment,1084.6772,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -fuelwood,fuel,13.8577,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOO (FuelwoodRW), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -gas,CO2 intensity,0.198,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 50 GJ/t CH4,, -gas,fuel,24.568,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -gas boiler steam,FOM,4.07,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,VOM,1.007,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.93,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -gas boiler steam,investment,45.7727,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -gas storage,FOM,0.5368,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",150 Underground Storage of Gas: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -gas storage,investment,0.2366,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",150 Underground Storage of Gas: Specific investment,2020.0 -gas storage,lifetime,100.0,years,TODO no source,"150 Underground Storage of Gas: estimation: most underground storage are already built, they do have a long lifetime",2020.0 -gas storage charger,investment,15.2479,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",,2020.0 -gas storage discharger,investment,5.0826,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",,2020.0 -geothermal,CO2 intensity,0.12,tCO2/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",Likely to be improved; Average of 85 percent of global egs power plant capacity; Result of fluid circulation through rock formations,2020.0 -geothermal,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",See Supplemental Material of source for details,2020.0 -geothermal,district heat surcharge,25.0,%,Frey et al. 2022: Techno-Economic Assessment of Geothermal Resources in the Variscan Basement of the Northern Upper Rhine Graben,"If capital cost of electric generation from EGS is 100%, district heating adds additional 25%. Costs incurred by piping.",2020.0 -geothermal,district heat-input,0.8,MWh_thdh/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, District Heat-output. This is an assessment of typical heat losses when heat is transmitted from the EGS plant to the DH network, This is a rough estimate, depends on local conditions",2020.0 -geothermal,lifetime,30.0,years,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",,2020.0 -helmeth,FOM,3.0,%/year,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -helmeth,efficiency,0.8,per unit,HELMETH press release, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -helmeth,investment,2116.4433,EUR/kW,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -helmeth,lifetime,25.0,years,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -home battery inverter,FOM,0.4154,%/year,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -home battery inverter,efficiency,0.96,per unit,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2020.0 -home battery inverter,investment,198.4029,EUR/kW,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2020.0 -home battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -home battery storage,investment,180.441,EUR/kWh,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2020.0 -home battery storage,lifetime,27.5,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -hydro,FOM,1.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -hydro,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -hydro,investment,2274.8177,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 -hydro,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,FOM,11.3,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","55.28 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ OPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15).",,2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,electricity-input,1.03,MWh_el/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ reduced by electricity demand of process ‘EAF’.,2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,hydrogen-input,2.1,MWh_H2/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2022-12-05). ","63 kg H2/t steel for process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ according to documentation (raw input files for MPP model list 73 kg H2 / t steel, which seems to high and is probably incorrect).",2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,investment,4277858.0,EUR/t_HBI/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","488.34 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ CAPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,ore-input,1.59,t_ore/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03). ",Based on process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’.,2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,compression-electricity-input,0.05,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.",1.707 kWh/kg.,2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,investment,87.69,EUR/kW_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.","2923 EUR/kg_H2. For a 206 kg/h compressor. Base CAPEX 40 528 EUR/kW_el with scale factor 0.4603. kg_H2 converted to MWh using LHV. Pressure range: 30 bar in, 250 bar out.",2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,lifetime,15.0,years,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,investment,13.5,EUR/kWh_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.","450 EUR/kg_H2 converted with LHV to MWh. For a type 1 hydrogen storage tank (steel, 15-250 bar). Currency year assumed 2020 for initial publication of reference; observe note in SI.4.3 that no currency year is explicitly stated in the reference.",2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,lifetime,20.0,years,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,min_fill_level,6.0,%,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,FOM,1.3897,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,investment,38.2613,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Specific investment,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,FOM,0.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,VOM,0.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Variable O&M,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,investment,1.861,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Specific investment,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,lifetime,100.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,FOM,0.0922,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,VOM,3.2325,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Variable O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,efficiency,3.1,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,investment,911.617,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Nominal investment,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,FOM,0.1107,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,VOM,3.2325,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Variable O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,efficiency,2.75,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,investment,759.6808,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -iron ore DRI-ready,commodity,97.73,EUR/t,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://missionpossiblepartnership.org/action-sectors/steel/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","DRI ready assumes 65% iron content, requiring no additional benefication.",2020.0 -iron-air battery,FOM,1.1063,%/year,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery,investment,12.6382,EUR/kWh,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery,lifetime,17.5,years,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery charge,efficiency,0.73,per unit,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery discharge,efficiency,0.62,per unit,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -lignite,CO2 intensity,0.4069,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid-Emissionen des deutschen Strommix in den Jahren 1990 - 2018,, -lignite,FOM,1.31,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,VOM,3.2612,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3+5.5)USD/MWh_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR). Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,efficiency,0.33,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. 1 / ((8.75+12) MMbtu/MWh_th /2 / (3.4095 MMbtu/MWh_th)), rounded up. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,fuel,3.2985,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on IEA 2011 data, 10 USD/t.",2010.0 -lignite,investment,3827.1629,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Higher costs include coal plants with CCS, but since using here for calculating the average nevertheless. Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3200+6775) USD/kW_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR). Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf .",2023.0 -lignite,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -methanation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.2.3.1",,2017.0 -methanation,carbondioxide-input,0.198,t_CO2/MWh_CH4,"Götz et al. (2016): Renewable Power-to-Gas: A technological and economic review (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2015.07.066), Fig. 11 .",Additional H2 required for methanation process (2x H2 amount compared to stochiometric conversion)., -methanation,efficiency,0.8,per unit,Palzer and Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -methanation,hydrogen-input,1.282,MWh_H2/MWh_CH4,,Based on ideal conversion process of stochiometric composition (1 t CH4 contains 750 kg of carbon)., -methanation,investment,639.7986,EUR/kW_CH4,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 6: “Reference scenario”.",,2017.0 -methanation,lifetime,20.0,years,Guesstimate.,"Based on lifetime for methanolisation, Fischer-Tropsch plants.",2017.0 -methane storage tank incl. compressor,FOM,1.9,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor by DEA.",Based on assumptions for hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor (by DEA).,2014.0 -methane storage tank incl. compressor,investment,8961.5075,EUR/m^3,Storage costs per l: https://www.compositesworld.com/articles/pressure-vessels-for-alternative-fuels-2014-2023 (2021-02-10).,"Assume 5USD/l (= 4.23 EUR/l at 1.17 USD/EUR exchange rate) for type 1 pressure vessel for 200 bar storage and 100% surplus costs for including compressor costs with storage, based on similar assumptions by DEA for compressed hydrogen storage tanks.",2014.0 -methane storage tank incl. compressor,lifetime,30.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor by DEA.",Based on assumptions for hydrogen storage tank 1 including compressor (by DEA).,2014.0 -methanol,CO2 intensity,0.2482,tCO2/MWh_th,,, -methanol-to-kerosene,FOM,4.5,%/year,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",,2020.0 -methanol-to-kerosene,VOM,1.35,EUR/MWh_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",,2020.0 -methanol-to-kerosene,hydrogen-input,0.0279,MWh_H2/MWh_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 6.","Assuming LHV 11.94 kWh/kg for kerosene, 5.54 kWh/kg for methanol, 33.3 kWh/kg for hydrogen.", -methanol-to-kerosene,investment,251750.0,EUR/MW_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",,2020.0 -methanol-to-kerosene,lifetime,30.0,years,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",, -methanol-to-kerosene,methanol-input,1.0764,MWh_MeOH/MWh_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 6.","Assuming LHV 11.94 kWh/kg for kerosene, 5.54 kWh/kg for methanol, 33.3 kWh/kg for hydrogen.", -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,FOM,3.0,%/year,Guesstimate,same as steam cracker,2015.0 -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,VOM,31.7466,EUR/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35", ,2015.0 -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,carbondioxide-output,0.6107,t_CO2/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Sections 4.5 (for ethylene and propylene) and 4.6 (for BTX)","Weighted average: 0.4 t_MeOH/t_ethylene+propylene for 21.7 Mt of ethylene and 17 Mt of propylene, 1.13 t_CO2/t_BTX for 15.7 Mt of BTX. The report also references process emissions of 0.55 t_MeOH/t_ethylene+propylene elsewhere. ", -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,electricity-input,1.3889,MWh_el/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), page 69",5 GJ/t_HVC , -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,investment,2781006.4359,EUR/(t_HVC/h),"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",Assuming CAPEX of 1200 €/t actually given in €/(t/a).,2015.0 -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,lifetime,30.0,years,Guesstimate,same as steam cracker, -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,methanol-input,18.03,MWh_MeOH/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Sections 4.5 (for ethylene and propylene) and 4.6 (for BTX)","Weighted average: 2.83 t_MeOH/t_ethylene+propylene for 21.7 Mt of ethylene and 17 Mt of propylene, 4.2 t_MeOH/t_BTX for 15.7 Mt of BTX. Assuming 5.54 MWh_MeOH/t_MeOH. ", -methanolisation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.1.",,2017.0 -methanolisation,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -methanolisation,carbondioxide-input,0.248,t_CO2/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 66.",, -methanolisation,electricity-input,0.271,MWh_e/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 65.",, -methanolisation,heat-output,0.1,MWh_th/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 65.",steam generation of 2 GJ/t_MeOH, -methanolisation,hydrogen-input,1.138,MWh_H2/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 64.",189 kg_H2 per t_MeOH, -methanolisation,investment,657729.5552,EUR/MW_MeOH,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 8: “Reference scenario”.","Well developed technology, no significant learning expected.",2017.0 -methanolisation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (04/2022), Data sheet “Methanol to Power”.",,2017.0 -micro CHP,FOM,6.1765,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -micro CHP,efficiency,0.351,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Electric efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -micro CHP,efficiency-heat,0.609,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -micro CHP,investment,7406.062,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 -micro CHP,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,FOM,11.3,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,gas-input,2.78,MWh_NG/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",Original value 10 GJ/t_DRI.,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,investment,4277858.0,EUR/t_HBI/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.","488.34 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ CAPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,ore-input,1.59,t_ore/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",, -nuclear,FOM,1.27,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (131.5+152.75)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) relative to investment costs.",2023.0 -nuclear,VOM,3.5464,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (4.25+5)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 -nuclear,efficiency,0.326,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on heat rate of 10.45 MMBtu/MWh_e and 3.4095 MMBtu/MWh_th, i.e. 1/(10.45/3.4095) = 0.3260.",2023.0 -nuclear,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -nuclear,investment,8594.1354,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (8475+13925)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 -nuclear,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 -offwind,FOM,2.25,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Fixed O&M [EUR/MW_e/y, 2020]",2020.0 -offwind,VOM,0.0212,EUR/MWhel,RES costs made up to fix curtailment order, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind,investment,1622.2443,"EUR/kW_e, 2020","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Nominal investment [MEUR/MW_e, 2020] grid connection costs subtracted from investment costs",2020.0 -offwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2841.3251,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,1420.1334,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-ac-station,investment,264.5554,EUR/kWel,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2116.4433,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,1058.2216,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017; average + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-station,investment,423.2887,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017; assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-float,FOM,1.185,%/year,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0 -offwind-float,investment,2155.0,EUR/kWel,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0 -offwind-float,lifetime,20.0,years,C. Maienza 2020 A life cycle cost model for floating offshore wind farms,,2020.0 -offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2118.5597,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf,,2014.0 -offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,1039.4778,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017, average + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 -offwind-float-station,investment,415.7911,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017, assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 -oil,CO2 intensity,0.2571,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 44 GJ/t diesel and -CH2- approximation of diesel,, -oil,FOM,2.4498,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -oil,VOM,6.3493,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0 -oil,efficiency,0.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","50 Diesel engine farm: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -oil,fuel,52.9111,EUR/MWhth,IEA WEM2017 97USD/boe = http://www.iea.org/media/weowebsite/2017/WEM_Documentation_WEO2017.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -oil,investment,361.1181,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Specific investment,2015.0 -oil,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -onwind,FOM,1.2017,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -onwind,VOM,1.3715,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Variable O&M,2015.0 -onwind,investment,1065.167,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Nominal investment ,2015.0 -onwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -organic rankine cycle,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551","Both for flash, binary and ORC plants. See Supplemental Material for details",2020.0 -organic rankine cycle,electricity-input,0.12,MWh_el/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, Electricity-output. This is a rough estimate, depends on input temperature, implies ~150 C.",2020.0 -organic rankine cycle,investment,1376.0,EUR/kW_el,Tartiere and Astolfi 2017: A world overview of the organic Rankine cycle market,"Low rollout complicates the estimation, compounded by a dependence both on plant size and temperature, converted from 1500 USD/kW using currency conversion 1.09 USD = 1 EUR.",2020.0 -organic rankine cycle,lifetime,30.0,years,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",,2020.0 -ror,FOM,2.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -ror,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -ror,investment,3412.2266,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 -ror,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -seawater RO desalination,electricity-input,0.003,MWHh_el/t_H2O,"Caldera et al. (2016): Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Fig. 4.",Desalination using SWRO. Assume medium salinity of 35 Practical Salinity Units (PSUs) = 35 kg/m^3., -seawater desalination,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2015.0 -seawater desalination,electricity-input,3.0348,kWh/m^3-H2O,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Fig. 4.",, -seawater desalination,investment,31312.5066,EUR/(m^3-H2O/h),"Caldera et al 2017: Learning Curve for Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination Plants: Capital Cost Trend of the Past, Present, and Future (https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR021402), Table 4.",,2015.0 -seawater desalination,lifetime,30.0,years,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",, -shipping fuel methanol,CO2 intensity,0.2482,tCO2/MWh_th,-,Based on stochiometric composition.,2020.0 -shipping fuel methanol,fuel,72.0,EUR/MWh_th,"Based on (source 1) Hampp et al (2022), https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.01092, and (source 2): https://www.methanol.org/methanol-price-supply-demand/; both accessed: 2022-12-03.",400 EUR/t assuming range roughly in the long-term range for green methanol (source 1) and late 2020+beyond values for grey methanol (source 2).,2020.0 -solar,FOM,1.9904,%/year,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop' and 50% 'solar-utility',2020.0 -solar,VOM,0.0106,EUR/MWhel,RES costs made up to fix curtailment order, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -solar,investment,496.8255,EUR/kW_e,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop' and 50% 'solar-utility',2020.0 -solar,lifetime,40.0,years,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop' and 50% 'solar-utility',2020.0 -solar-rooftop,FOM,1.4828,%/year,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop,discount rate,0.04,per unit,standard for decentral, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -solar-rooftop,investment,641.373,EUR/kW_e,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop,lifetime,40.0,years,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,FOM,1.6467,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,investment,513.1614,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,FOM,1.3189,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,investment,769.5846,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-utility,FOM,2.498,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-utility,investment,352.2779,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-utility,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,FOM,2.3606,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,investment,419.3908,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solid biomass,CO2 intensity,0.3667,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 18 GJ/t_DM LHV and 50% C-content for solid biomass,, -solid biomass,fuel,13.6489,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOOW1 (secondary forest residue wood chips), ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,FOM,6.1236,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,VOM,2.8564,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,investment,581.3136,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,FOM,6.1236,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,VOM,2.8564,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,investment,581.3136,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -solid biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -solid biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -solid biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.56,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, -solid biomass to hydrogen,investment,3442.6595,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,FOM,5.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",CO2 volume captured / (Stream flowrate * Max. capacity utilization * CO2 in exhaust * 8760),2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,investment,3561435.753,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 1342 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 3324000 t/year",2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -uranium,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -waste CHP,FOM,2.3408,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -waste CHP,VOM,27.8042,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -waste CHP,c_b,0.2947,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP,efficiency,0.2102,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP,efficiency-heat,0.762,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP,investment,8307.058,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -waste CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,FOM,2.3408,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,VOM,27.8042,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,c_b,0.2947,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,efficiency,0.2102,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.762,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,investment,8307.058,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -water tank charger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -water tank discharger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 diff --git a/ariadne-data/costs/mean/costs_2040.csv b/ariadne-data/costs/mean/costs_2040.csv deleted file mode 100644 index 8d94db34e..000000000 --- a/ariadne-data/costs/mean/costs_2040.csv +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1238 +0,0 @@ -technology,parameter,value,unit,source,further description,currency_year -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,FOM,2.8,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,VOM,0.2389,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,electricity-input,1.38,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,investment,429.0306,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,lifetime,40.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,FOM,2.3,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,VOM,0.2389,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,electricity-input,1.416,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,investment,506.0332,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,FOM,2.3,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,VOM,0.1934,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,electricity-input,1.41,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,investment,582.922,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW, -Ammonia cracker,FOM,4.3,%/year,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 7.","Estimated based on Labour cost rate, Maintenance cost rate, Insurance rate, Admin. cost rate and Chemical & other consumables cost rate.",2015.0 -Ammonia cracker,ammonia-input,1.46,MWh_NH3/MWh_H2,"ENGIE et al (2020): Ammonia to Green Hydrogen Feasibility Study (https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/880826/HS420_-_Ecuity_-_Ammonia_to_Green_Hydrogen.pdf), Fig. 10.",Assuming a integrated 200t/d cracking and purification facility. Electricity demand (316 MWh per 2186 MWh_LHV H2 output) is assumed to also be ammonia LHV input which seems a fair assumption as the facility has options for a higher degree of integration according to the report)., -Ammonia cracker,investment,841127.4391,EUR/MW_H2,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 6.",Calculated. For a small (200 t_NH3/d input) facility. Base cost for facility: 51 MEUR at capacity 20 000m^3_NH3/h = 339 t_NH3/d input. Cost scaling exponent 0.67. Ammonia density 0.7069 kg/m^3. Conversion efficiency of cracker: 0.685. Ammonia LHV: 5.167 MWh/t_NH3.; and Calculated. For a large (2500 t_NH3/d input) facility. Base cost for facility: 51 MEUR at capacity 20 000m^3_NH3/h = 339 t_NH3/d input. Cost scaling exponent 0.67. Ammonia density 0.7069 kg/m^3. Conversion efficiency of cracker: 0.685. Ammonia LHV: 5.167 MWh/t_NH3.,2015.0 -Ammonia cracker,lifetime,25.0,years,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 7.",,2015.0 -BEV Bus city,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,Motor size,398.2759,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,efficiency,0.7346,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,investment,206528.0541,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Coach,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,Motor size,479.3103,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,efficiency,0.7149,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,investment,287067.8577,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,Motor size,727.5862,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,efficiency,1.2352,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,investment,151213.8954,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,lifetime,10.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,Motor size,441.3793,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,efficiency,0.7813,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,investment,219969.2559,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,Motor size,955.1724,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,efficiency,1.3732,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,investment,167722.8037,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),FOM,0.9,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),efficiency,0.68,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),investment,24092.0,EUR/PKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (trucks),FOM,16.0,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (trucks),2020.0 -Battery electric (trucks),investment,133000.0,EUR/LKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (trucks),2020.0 -Battery electric (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (trucks),2020.0 -BioSNG,C in fuel,0.3591,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,C stored,0.6409,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,CO2 stored,0.235,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,FOM,1.6226,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Fixed O&M",2020.0 -BioSNG,VOM,1.7546,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Variable O&M",2020.0 -BioSNG,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -BioSNG,efficiency,0.665,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Bio SNG Output",2020.0 -BioSNG,investment,1648.27,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Specific investment",2020.0 -BioSNG,lifetime,25.0,years,TODO,"84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -BtL,C in fuel,0.2922,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,C stored,0.7078,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,CO2 stored,0.2595,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,FOM,2.8364,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Fixed O&M",2020.0 -BtL,VOM,1.1311,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Variable O&M",2020.0 -BtL,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -BtL,efficiency,0.4167,per unit,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Electricity Output",2020.0 -BtL,investment,2598.6944,EUR/kW_th,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Specific investment",2017.0 -BtL,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Technical lifetime",2020.0 -CCGT,FOM,3.3006,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -CCGT,VOM,4.3387,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Variable O&M",2015.0 -CCGT,c_b,2.1,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -CCGT,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -CCGT,efficiency,0.59,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -CCGT,investment,862.4506,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Nominal investment",2015.0 -CCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -CH4 (g) fill compressor station,FOM,1.7,%/year,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0 -CH4 (g) fill compressor station,investment,1654.96,EUR/MW_CH4,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station cost.","Assume same ratio as between H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station, i.e. 1:19 , due to a lack of reliable numbers.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) fill compressor station,lifetime,20.0,years,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,FOM,1.5,%/year,Assume same as for H2 (g) pipeline in 2050 (CH4 pipeline as mature technology).,"Due to lack of numbers, use comparable H2 pipeline assumptions.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,electricity-input,0.01,MW_e/1000km/MW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: 112 6 gas Main distri line.","Assumption for gas pipeline >100MW, 0.1% per station and spacing of 100km yields 1%/1000km. Electric compression.",2015.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,investment,87.22,EUR/MW/km,Guesstimate.,"Based on Arab Gas Pipeline: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Gas_Pipeline: cost = 1.2e9 $-US (year = ?), capacity=10.3e9 m^3/a NG, l=1200km, NG-LHV=39MJ/m^3*90% (also Wikipedia estimate from here https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_of_combustion). Presumed to include booster station cost.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,lifetime,50.0,years,Assume same as for H2 (g) pipeline in 2050 (CH4 pipeline as mature technology).,"Due to lack of numbers, use comparable H2 pipeline assumptions.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,FOM,3.0,%/year,"d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material.",-,2015.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,electricity-input,0.01,MW_e/1000km/MW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: 112 6 gas Main distri line.","Assumption for gas pipeline >100MW, 0.1% per station and spacing of 100km yields 1%/1000km. Electric compression.",2015.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,investment,119.3173,EUR/MW/km,Kaiser (2017): 10.1016/j.marpol.2017.05.003 .,"Based on Gulfstream pipeline costs (430 mi long pipeline for natural gas in deep/shallow waters) of 2.72e6 USD/mi and 1.31 bn ft^3/d capacity (36 in diameter), LHV of methane 13.8888 MWh/t and density of 0.657 kg/m^3 and 1.17 USD:1EUR conversion rate = 102.4 EUR/MW/km. Number is without booster station cost. Estimation of additional cost for booster stations based on H2 (g) pipeline numbers from Guidehouse (2020): European Hydrogen Backbone report and Danish Energy Agency (2021): Technology Data for Energy Transport, were booster stations make ca. 6% of pipeline cost; here add additional 10% for booster stations as they need to be constructed submerged or on plattforms. (102.4*1.1).",2014.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,lifetime,30.0,years,"d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material.",-,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,capacity,58300.0,t_CH4,"Calculated, based on Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",based on 138 000 m^3 capacity and LNG density of 0.4226 t/m^3 .,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,investment,159791465.6831,EUR,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,lifetime,25.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2015.0 -CH4 evaporation,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 evaporation,investment,91.1101,EUR/kW_CH4,"Calculated, based on Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306","based on 100 MUSD-2005/(1 bcm/a), 1 bcm = 10.6 TWh, currency exchange rate: 1.15 USD=1 EUR.",2005.0 -CH4 evaporation,lifetime,30.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,electricity-input,0.036,MWh_el/MWh_CH4,"Pospíšil et al. (2019): Energy demand of liquefaction and regasification of natural gas and the potential of LNG for operative thermal energy storage (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.09.027), Table 2 and Table 3. alternative source 2: https://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/methane (accessed 2021-02-10).","Assuming 0.5 MWh/t_CH4 for refigeration cycle based on Table 2 of source; cleaning of gas presumed unnecessary as it should be nearly pure CH4 (=SNG). Assuming energy required is only electricity which is for Table 3 in the source provided with efficiencies of ~50% of LHV, making the numbers consistent with the numbers in Table 2.", -CH4 liquefaction,investment,241.443,EUR/kW_CH4,"Calculated, based on Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306","based on 265 MUSD-2005/(1 bcm/a), 1 bcm = 10.6 TWh, currency exchange rate: 1.15 USD=1 EUR.",2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,lifetime,25.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,methane-input,1.0,MWh_CH4/MWh_CH4,"Pospíšil et al. (2019): Energy demand of liquefaction and regasification of natural gas and the potential of LNG for operative thermal energy storage (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.09.027), Table 2 and Table 3. alternative source 2: https://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/methane (accessed 2021-02-10).","For refrigeration cycle, cleaning of gas presumed unnecessary as it should be nearly pure CH4 (=SNG). Assuming energy required is only electricity which is for Table 3 in the source provided with efficiencies of ~50% of LHV, making the numbers consistent with the numbers in Table 2.", -CO2 liquefaction,FOM,5.0,%/year,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,,2004.0 -CO2 liquefaction,carbondioxide-input,1.0,t_CO2/t_CO2,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,"Assuming a pure, humid, low-pressure input stream. Neglecting possible gross-effects of CO2 which might be cycled for the cooling process.", -CO2 liquefaction,electricity-input,0.123,MWh_el/t_CO2,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,, -CO2 liquefaction,heat-input,0.0067,MWh_th/t_CO2,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,For drying purposes., -CO2 liquefaction,investment,16.7226,EUR/t_CO2/h,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,"Plant capacity of 20 kt CO2 / d and an uptime of 85%. For a high purity, humid, low pressure input stream, includes drying and compression necessary for liquefaction.",2004.0 -CO2 liquefaction,lifetime,25.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on CH4 liquefaction.",,2004.0 -CO2 pipeline,FOM,0.9,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",,2015.0 -CO2 pipeline,investment,2116.4433,EUR/(tCO2/h)/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",Assuming the 120-500 t CO2/h range that is based on cost of a 12 inch onshore pipeline.,2015.0 -CO2 pipeline,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",,2015.0 -CO2 storage tank,FOM,1.0,%/year,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, pg. 2746 .","Assuming a 3000m^3 pressurised steel cylinder tanks and a CO2 density of 1100 kg/m^3 (close to triple point at -56.6°C and 5.2 bar with max density of 1200kg/m^3 ). Lauri et al. report costs 3x higher per m^3 for steel tanks, which are consistent with other sources. The numbers reported are in rather difficult to pinpoint as systems can greatly vary.",2013.0 -CO2 storage tank,investment,2584.3462,EUR/t_CO2,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, Table 3.","Assuming a 3000m^3 pressurised steel cylinder tanks and a CO2 density of 1100 kg/m^3 (close to triple point at -56.6°C and 5.2 bar with max density of 1200kg/m^3 ). Lauri et al. report costs 3x higher per m^3 for steel tanks, which are consistent with other sources. The numbers reported are in rather difficult to pinpoint as systems can greatly vary.",2013.0 -CO2 storage tank,lifetime,25.0,years,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, pg. 2746 .","Assuming a 3000m^3 pressurised steel cylinder tanks and a CO2 density of 1100 kg/m^3 (close to triple point at -56.6°C and 5.2 bar with max density of 1200kg/m^3 ). Lauri et al. report costs 3x higher per m^3 for steel tanks, which are consistent with other sources. The numbers reported are in rather difficult to pinpoint as systems can greatly vary.",2013.0 -CO2 submarine pipeline,FOM,0.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",,2015.0 -CO2 submarine pipeline,investment,4232.8865,EUR/(tCO2/h)/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",Assuming the 120-500 t CO2/h range that is based on cost of a 12 inch offshore pipeline.,2015.0 -Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,FOM,1.6,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,investment,448894.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,FOM,2.2,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,investment,1788360.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,FOM,2.2,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,investment,1787894.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,FOM,1.8,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,investment,1005.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,FOM,0.9265,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.64 (p.86) Figure 4.14","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,efficiency,0.7211,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.52^0.5']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,investment,946180.9426,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Turbine Compressor BOP EPC Management']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-store,FOM,0.43,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB 4.5.2.1 Fixed O&M p.62 (p.84)","{'carrier': ['pair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-store,investment,5448.7894,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.64 (p.86)","{'carrier': ['pair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Cavern Storage']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['pair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,investment,144192.2682,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,efficiency,0.4343,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,investment,576769.073,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Concrete-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['concrete'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Concrete-store,investment,24044.2324,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['concrete'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -Concrete-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['concrete'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -"Container feeder, ammonia",efficiency,0.7754,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container feeder, ammonia",investment,34966212.0251,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container feeder, ammonia",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container feeder, diesel",efficiency,0.7718,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, diesel",2023.0 -"Container feeder, diesel",investment,34966212.0251,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, diesel",2023.0 -"Container feeder, diesel",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, diesel",2023.0 -"Container feeder, methanol",efficiency,0.7711,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, methanol",2023.0 -"Container feeder, methanol",investment,34966212.0251,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, methanol",2023.0 -"Container feeder, methanol",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, methanol",2023.0 -"Container, ammonia",efficiency,1.7094,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container, ammonia",investment,119652947.2851,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container, ammonia",lifetime,32.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container, diesel",efficiency,1.6399,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, diesel",2023.0 -"Container, diesel",investment,119652947.2851,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, diesel",2023.0 -"Container, diesel",lifetime,33.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, diesel",2023.0 -"Container, methanol",efficiency,1.7001,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, methanol",2023.0 -"Container, methanol",investment,119652947.2851,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, methanol",2023.0 -"Container, methanol",lifetime,33.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, methanol",2023.0 -Diesel Bus city,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,Motor size,250.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,efficiency,1.6899,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,investment,150756.2732,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,Motor size,350.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,efficiency,1.8169,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,investment,231296.0768,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,FOM,0.0005,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,Motor size,380.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,efficiency,3.0119,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,investment,142012.114,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,lifetime,10.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,Motor size,292.069,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,efficiency,1.8429,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,investment,155444.0931,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,Motor size,382.3529,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,efficiency,2.9453,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,investment,177515.1425,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,Motor size,420.3448,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,VOM,0.0979,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,efficiency,1.3781,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,investment,256813.5136,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Coach,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,Motor size,420.3448,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,efficiency,1.3554,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,investment,356840.1722,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,Motor size,556.8966,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,efficiency,2.3194,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,investment,139809.9795,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,lifetime,10.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,Motor size,415.5172,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,efficiency,1.5325,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,investment,214117.0548,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,Motor size,415.5172,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,efficiency,2.5736,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,investment,236188.1042,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FT fuel transport ship,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -FT fuel transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_FTfuel,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -FT fuel transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -FT fuel transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.1.",,2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,VOM,3.4029,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",102 Hydrogen to Jet: Variable O&M,2020.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -Fischer-Tropsch,carbondioxide-input,0.301,t_CO2/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","Input per 1t FT liquid fuels output, carbon efficiency increases with years (4.3, 3.9, 3.6, 3.3 t_CO2/t_FT from 2020-2050 with LHV 11.95 MWh_th/t_FT).", -Fischer-Tropsch,efficiency,0.799,per unit,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.2.",,2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,electricity-input,0.007,MWh_el/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","0.005 MWh_el input per FT output, output increasing from 2020 to 2050 (0.65, 0.7, 0.73, 0.75 MWh liquid FT output).", -Fischer-Tropsch,hydrogen-input,1.363,MWh_H2/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","0.995 MWh_H2 per output, output increasing from 2020 to 2050 (0.65, 0.7, 0.73, 0.75 MWh liquid FT output).", -Fischer-Tropsch,investment,611732.6641,EUR/MW_FT,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 8: “Reference scenario”.","Well developed technology, no significant learning expected.",2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (04/2022), Data sheet “Methanol to Power”.",,2017.0 -Gasnetz,FOM,2.5,%,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz,2020.0 -Gasnetz,investment,28.0,EUR/kWGas,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz,2020.0 -Gasnetz,lifetime,30.0,years,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz,2020.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),FOM,6.25,%/year,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , figure 7 and pg. 12 .",Assuming ca. 10 EUR/m^3/a (center value between stand alone and addon facility).,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),investment,137.8999,EUR/m^3,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 8F .",Assumed 20% lower than for product storage. Crude or middle distillate tanks are usually larger compared to product storage due to lower requirements on safety and different construction method. Reference size used here: 80 000 – 120 000 m^3 .,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),lifetime,30.0,years,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 11.",,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),FOM,6.25,%/year,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , figure 7 and pg. 12 .",Assuming ca. 10 EUR/m^3/a (center value between stand alone and addon facility).,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),investment,172.3748,EUR/m^3,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 8F .",Assumed at the higher end for addon facilities/mid-range for stand-alone facilities. Product storage usually smaller due to higher requirements on safety and different construction method. Reference size used here: 40 000 - 60 000 m^3 .,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),lifetime,30.0,years,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 11.",,2012.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.76 (p.98) Sentence 1 in 4.7.2 Operating Costs","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['1.5 percent of capital cost']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,efficiency,0.9274,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.36","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.86^0.5']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,investment,415570.5177,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 0% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,lifetime,41.7,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.36","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-store,investment,157381.7274,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 15% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['gravity'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Gravitational Capital (SB+BOS)']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-store,lifetime,41.7,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.36","{'carrier': ['gravity'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.76 (p.98) Sentence 1 in 4.7.2 Operating Costs","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['1.5 percent of capital cost']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,efficiency,0.9014,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level ((0.785+0.84)/2)^0.5']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,investment,365630.713,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 0% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-store,investment,121755.0274,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 15% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['gravitywa'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Gravitational Capital (SB+BOS)']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['gravitywa'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.76 (p.98) Sentence 1 in 4.7.2 Operating Costs","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['1.5 percent of capital cost']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,efficiency,0.9014,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level ((0.785+0.84)/2)^0.5']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,investment,905158.9602,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 0% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-store,investment,95982.5211,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 15% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['gravitywu'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Gravitational Capital (SB+BOS)']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['gravitywu'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -H2 (g) fill compressor station,FOM,1.7,%/year,"Guidehouse 2020: European Hydrogen Backbone report, https://guidehouse.com/-/media/www/site/downloads/energy/2020/gh_european-hydrogen-backbone_report.pdf (table 3, table 5)","Pessimistic (highest) value chosen for 48'' pipeline w/ 13GW_H2 LHV @ 100bar pressure. Currency year: Not clearly specified, assuming year of publication. Forecast year: Not clearly specified, guessing based on text remarks.",2020.0 -H2 (g) fill compressor station,investment,4738.7164,EUR/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), pg. 164, Figure 14 (Fill compressor).","Assumption for staging 35→140bar, 6000 MW_HHV single line pipeline. Considering HHV/LHV ration for H2.",2015.0 -H2 (g) fill compressor station,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), pg. 168, Figure 24 (Fill compressor).",,2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,FOM,2.3333,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, > 6000 MW_HHV single line pipeline, incl. booster station investments. Considering LHV by scaling with LHV/HHV=0.8462623413.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,electricity-input,0.018,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,investment,303.6845,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 4.4 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, > 6000 MW_HHV single line pipeline, incl. booster station investments. Considering LHV by scaling with LHV/HHV=0.8462623413.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,FOM,2.3333,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.",Same as for new H2 (g) pipeline.,2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,electricity-input,0.018,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,investment,129.4682,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line repurposed pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 0.8 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.",Same as for new H2 (g) pipeline.,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,FOM,3.0,%/year,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,electricity-input,0.018,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,investment,456.1165,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line offshore pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 7.48 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,lifetime,30.0,years,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,FOM,3.0,%/year,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,electricity-input,0.018,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,investment,160.1562,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line repurposed offshore pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 1.5 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,lifetime,30.0,years,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (l) storage tank,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.",Assuming currency year and technology year here (25 EUR/kg).,2015.0 -H2 (l) storage tank,investment,793.7456,EUR/MWh_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.","Assuming currency year and technology year here (25 EUR/kg). Future target cost. Today’s cost potentially higher according to d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material pg. 16.",2015.0 -H2 (l) storage tank,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.",Assuming currency year and technology year here (25 EUR/kg).,2015.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,capacity,11000.0,t_H2,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,investment,393737000.0,EUR,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,lifetime,20.0,years,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 evaporation,FOM,2.5,%/year,"DNV GL (2020): Study on the Import of Liquid Renewable Energy: Technology Cost Assessment, https://www.gie.eu/wp-content/uploads/filr/2598/DNV-GL_Study-GLE-Technologies-and-costs-analysis-on-imports-of-liquid-renewable-energy.pdf .",,2020.0 -H2 evaporation,investment,102.3434,EUR/kW_H2,"IRENA (2022): Global Hydrogen Trade to Meet the 1.5° Climate Goal: Technology Review of Hydrogen Carriers, https://www.irena.org/publications/2022/Apr/Global-hydrogen-trade-Part-II , pg. 62f.","Pessimistic assumption for large scale facility / near-term estimate for medium sized facility, in between low / mid estimate with e.g. DNV numbers (Fig. 3.15).; and Optimistic assumption for large scale facility 2500 t/d, cf Fig. 3.15 .",2022.0 -H2 evaporation,lifetime,20.0,years,Guesstimate.,Based on lifetime of liquefaction plant.,2015.0 -H2 liquefaction,FOM,2.5,%/year,"DNV GL (2020): Study on the Import of Liquid Renewable Energy: Technology Cost Assessment, https://www.gie.eu/wp-content/uploads/filr/2598/DNV-GL_Study-GLE-Technologies-and-costs-analysis-on-imports-of-liquid-renewable-energy.pdf .",,2020.0 -H2 liquefaction,electricity-input,0.203,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"Heuser et al. (2019): Techno-economic analysis of a potential energy trading link between Patagonia and Japan based on CO2 free hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.12.156), table 1.","6.78 kWh/kg_H2, considering H2 with LHV of 33.3333 MWh/t", -H2 liquefaction,hydrogen-input,1.017,MWh_H2/MWh_H2,"Heuser et al. (2019): Techno-economic analysis of a potential energy trading link between Patagonia and Japan based on CO2 free hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.12.156), table 1.",corresponding to 1.65% losses during liquefaction, -H2 liquefaction,investment,711.9541,EUR/kW_H2,"IRENA (2022): Global Hydrogen Trade to Meet the 1.5° Climate Goal: Technology Review of Hydrogen Carriers, https://www.irena.org/publications/2022/Apr/Global-hydrogen-trade-Part-II , pg. 62f.","Assumption for a 200t/d facility (Pessimistic long-term or optimistic short-term value).; and Assumption for a large >300t/d, e.g. 2500 t/d facility (Optimistic long-term value without change in base technology mentioned in report).",2022.0 -H2 liquefaction,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2022.0 -H2 pipeline,FOM,3.0,%/year,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -H2 pipeline,investment,282.5452,EUR/MW/km,Welder et al https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.05.059, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -H2 pipeline,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,FOM,5.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,VOM,0.5118,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,electricity-input,0.097,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification,investment,1467.9399,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification,wood-input,1.804,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification CC,FOM,5.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification CC,VOM,0.5232,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification CC,electricity-input,0.143,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification CC,investment,1489.0957,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification CC,wood-input,1.804,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification,FOM,6.2,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification,VOM,0.5061,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification,coal-input,1.62,MWh_coal/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification,electricity-input,0.02,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification,investment,399.1168,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification CC,FOM,6.88,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification CC,VOM,0.1479,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification CC,coal-input,1.62,MWh_coal/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification CC,electricity-input,0.023,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification CC,investment,413.4481,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,FOM,5.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,VOM,0.1592,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,electricity-input,0.063,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,investment,491.1331,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,lifetime,25.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,oil-input,1.3,MWh_oil/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,FOM,4.9,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,VOM,0.2047,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,electricity-input,0.02,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,gas-input,1.25,MWh_NG/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,investment,180.0518,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,FOM,6.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,VOM,0.0796,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,electricity-input,0.039,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,gas-input,1.4,MWh_NG/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,investment,217.5863,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,FOM,4.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,VOM,0.7393,EUR/MWh,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,electricity-input,0.044,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,investment,590.6564,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,wood-input,1.36,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -HVAC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVAC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVAC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,investment,165803.0398,EUR/MW,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC submarine,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0 -HVDC submarine,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1,2017.0 -HVDC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0 -HVDC underground,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 -HVDC underground,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1 (same as for HVDC submarine),2017.0 -HVDC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 -Haber-Bosch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,VOM,0.0225,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Variable O&M,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,electricity-input,0.2473,MWh_el/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), table 11.",Assume 5 GJ/t_NH3 for compressors and NH3 LHV = 5.16666 MWh/t_NH3., -Haber-Bosch,hydrogen-input,1.1484,MWh_H2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.","178 kg_H2 per t_NH3, LHV for both assumed.", -Haber-Bosch,investment,1194.148,EUR/kW_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,nitrogen-input,0.1597,t_N2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.",".33 MWh electricity are required for ASU per t_NH3, considering 0.4 MWh are required per t_N2 and LHV of NH3 of 5.1666 Mwh.", -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,investment,144192.2682,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,efficiency,0.4444,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,investment,576769.073,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['salthight'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-store,investment,94107.5489,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['salthight'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['salthight'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),FOM,1.2,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),efficiency,0.48,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),investment,29440.0,EUR/PKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),FOM,12.7,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),efficiency,0.56,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),investment,120177.0,EUR/LKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,FOM,0.6345,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,efficiency,0.6963,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133) include inverter 0.98 & transformer efficiency 0.98 ","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Electrolyzer']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,investment,347170.8209,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.113 (p.135)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Electrolyzer']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,lifetime,30.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,FOM,0.5812,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,efficiency,0.4869,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133) include inverter 0.98 & transformer efficiency 0.98 ","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Fuel Cell']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,investment,379007.4464,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.113 (p.135)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Fuel Cell']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,lifetime,30.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-store,FOM,0.43,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB =(C38+C39)*0.43/4","{'carrier': ['h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-store,investment,4779.9527,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.113 (p.135)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Cavern Storage']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-store,lifetime,30.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LNG storage tank,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank with comparable requirements.",Currency year and technology year assumed based on publication date.,2019.0 -LNG storage tank,investment,666.634,EUR/m^3,"Hurskainen 2019, https://cris.vtt.fi/en/publications/liquid-organic-hydrogen-carriers-lohc-concept-evaluation-and-tech pg. 46 (59).",Currency year and technology year assumed based on publication date.,2019.0 -LNG storage tank,lifetime,20.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank with comparable requirements.",Currency year and technology year assumed based on publication date.,2019.0 -LOHC chemical,investment,2500.0,EUR/t,"Runge et al 2020, pg.7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC chemical,lifetime,20.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, pg.7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation,investment,53681.4988,EUR/MW_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",per MW H2 (LHV). For a large plant of 1000 MW capacity. Calculated based on base CAPEX of 30 MEUR for 300 t/day capacity and a scale factor of 0.6.,2015.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),FOM,3.0,%/year,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),investment,839000.0,EUR/MW_H2,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",MW of H2 LHV. For a small plant of 0.9 MW capacity.,2020.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),lifetime,20.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,electricity-input,0.004,MWh_el/t_HLOHC,Niermann et al. (2019): (https://doi.org/10.1039/C8EE02700E). 6A .,"Flow in figures shows 0.2 MW for 114 MW_HHV = 96.4326 MW_LHV = 2.89298 t hydrogen. At 5.6 wt-% effective H2 storage for loaded LOHC (H18-DBT, HLOHC), corresponds to 51.6604 t loaded LOHC .", -LOHC hydrogenation,hydrogen-input,1.867,MWh_H2/t_HLOHC,"Runge et al 2020, pg. 7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",Considering 5.6 wt-% H2 in loaded LOHC (HLOHC) and LHV of H2., -LOHC hydrogenation,investment,54243.958,EUR/MW_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",per MW H2 (LHV). For a large plant of 2000 MW capacity. Calculated based on base CAPEX of 40 MEUR for 300 t/day capacity and a scale factor of 0.6.,2015.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,lohc-input,0.944,t_LOHC/t_HLOHC,"Runge et al 2020, pg. 7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514","Loaded LOHC (H18-DBT, HLOHC) has loaded only 5.6%-wt H2 as rate of discharge is kept at ca. 90%.", -LOHC loaded DBT storage,FOM,6.25,%/year,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -LOHC loaded DBT storage,investment,151.5383,EUR/t,"Density via Wissenschaftliche Dienste des Deutschen Bundestages 2020, https://www.bundestag.de/resource/blob/816048/454e182d5956d45a664da9eb85486f76/WD-8-058-20-pdf-data.pdf , pg. 11.","Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared. Density of loaded LOHC H18-DBT is 0.91 t/m^3.",2012.0 -LOHC loaded DBT storage,lifetime,30.0,years,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -LOHC transport ship,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_LOHC,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC unloaded DBT storage,FOM,6.25,%/year,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -LOHC unloaded DBT storage,investment,134.2745,EUR/t,"Density via Wissenschaftliche Dienste des Deutschen Bundestages 2020, https://www.bundestag.de/resource/blob/816048/454e182d5956d45a664da9eb85486f76/WD-8-058-20-pdf-data.pdf , pg. 11.","Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared. Density of loaded LOHC H18-DBT is 0.91 t/m^3, density of unloaded LOHC H0-DBT is 1.04 t/m^3 but unloading is only to 90% (depth-of-discharge), assume density via linearisation of 1.027 t/m^3.",2012.0 -LOHC unloaded DBT storage,lifetime,30.0,years,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,FOM,2.4427,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,efficiency,0.8832,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.78^0.5']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,investment,128853.6139,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-store,FOM,0.2542,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['lead'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-store,investment,320631.3818,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['lead'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-store,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['lead'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),FOM,1.6,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),efficiency,0.215,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),investment,26167.0,EUR/PKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),FOM,16.2,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),efficiency,0.373,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),investment,110858.0,EUR/LKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,FOM,0.366,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,investment,475721.2289,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Figure 9 of reference roughly 80% of capital cost are power related 47%/80% of costs are required for liquefaction (charging)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,FOM,0.5212,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,efficiency,0.55,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE 0.545 assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,investment,334017.033,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, NULL","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-store,FOM,0.3208,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['lair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-store,investment,159004.771,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['lair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Liquid Air SB and BOS']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['lair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,FOM,2.1198,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,efficiency,0.9193,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.8452^0.5']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,investment,81553.4846,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,lifetime,16.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-store,FOM,0.0447,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['lfp'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-store,investment,236482.8109,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['lfp'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-store,lifetime,16.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['lfp'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,FOM,2.1198,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,efficiency,0.9193,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.8452^0.5']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,investment,81553.4846,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,lifetime,13.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-store,FOM,0.038,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['nmc'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-store,investment,269576.8493,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['nmc'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-store,lifetime,13.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['nmc'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,investment,144192.2682,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,efficiency,0.5394,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,investment,576769.073,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-store,investment,58041.2003,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_MeOH,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",,2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,investment,18016.8665,EUR/MW_H2,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.","For high temperature steam reforming plant with a capacity of 200 MW_H2 output (6t/h). Reference plant of 1 MW (30kg_H2/h) costs 150kEUR, scale factor of 0.6 assumed.",2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",,2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,methanol-input,1.201,MWh_MeOH/MWh_H2,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",Assuming per 1 t_H2 (with LHV 33.3333 MWh/t): 4.5 MWh_th and 3.2 MWh_el are required. We assume electricity can be substituted / provided with 1:1 as heat energy., -NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank.",,2010.0 -NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,investment,166.8201,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Calculated based on Morgan E. 2013: doi:10.7275/11KT-3F59 , Fig. 55, Fig 58.","Based on estimated for a double-wall liquid ammonia tank (~ambient pressure, -33°C), inner tank from stainless steel, outer tank from concrete including installations for liquefaction/condensation, boil-off gas recovery and safety installations; the necessary installations make only a small fraction of the total cost. The total cost are driven by material and working time on the tanks. -While the costs do not scale strictly linearly, we here assume they do (good approximation c.f. ref. Fig 55.) and take the costs for a 9 kt NH3 (l) tank = 8 M$2010, which is smaller 4-5x smaller than the largest deployed tanks today. -We assume an exchange rate of 1.17$ to 1 €. -The investment value is given per MWh NH3 store capacity, using the LHV of NH3 of 5.18 MWh/t.",2010.0 -NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,lifetime,20.0,years,"Morgan E. 2013: doi:10.7275/11KT-3F59 , pg. 290",,2010.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B",,2019.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,capacity,53000.0,t_NH3,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B",,2019.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,investment,81164200.0,EUR,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B",,2019.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,lifetime,20.0,years,"Guess estimated based on H2 (l) tanker, but more mature technology",,2019.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,FOM,2.1198,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['((0.75-0.87)/2)^0.5 mean value of range efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,investment,81553.4846,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) same as Li-LFP","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-store,FOM,0.2262,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-store,investment,267837.874,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-store,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -OCGT,FOM,1.7906,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -OCGT,VOM,4.762,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Variable O&M,2015.0 -OCGT,efficiency,0.42,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","52 OCGT - Natural gas: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -OCGT,investment,448.1992,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 -OCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -PEM electrolyzer small size,FOM,3.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW,2010.0 -PEM electrolyzer small size,electricity-input,1.29,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW, -PEM electrolyzer small size,investment,1080.5384,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW,2010.0 -PEM electrolyzer small size,lifetime,8.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`","Likely stack lifetime, rather than electrolyzer system lifetime", -PHS,FOM,1.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -PHS,efficiency,0.75,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -PHS,investment,2274.8177,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 -PHS,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,FOM,0.366,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Charger']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,investment,761782.6727,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Figure 9 of reference roughly 80% of capital cost are power related 47%/80% of costs are required for liquefaction (charging)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,lifetime,33.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,FOM,0.5212,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,efficiency,0.63,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE 0.62 assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,investment,534868.6851,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, NULL","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,lifetime,33.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-store,FOM,0.1528,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.103 (p.125)","{'carrier': ['phes'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-store,investment,11546.7963,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.92 (p.114)","{'carrier': ['phes'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Molten Salt based SB and BOS']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-store,lifetime,33.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['phes'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,FOM,0.9951,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, Figure 4.16","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,efficiency,0.8944,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.8^0.5']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,investment,1397128.4612,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Powerhouse Construction & Infrastructure']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-store,FOM,0.43,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['phs'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-store,investment,57074.0625,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['phs'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Reservoir Construction & Infrastructure']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['phs'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -SMR,FOM,5.0,%/year,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR,efficiency,0.76,per unit (in LHV),"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SMR,investment,522201.0492,EUR/MW_CH4,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR,lifetime,30.0,years,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SMR CC,FOM,5.0,%/year,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR CC,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",wide range: capture rates between 54%-90%, -SMR CC,efficiency,0.69,per unit (in LHV),"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SMR CC,investment,605753.2171,EUR/MW_CH4,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR CC,lifetime,30.0,years,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SOEC,FOM,4.0,%/year,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,US-based assumptions for a Conservative cost scenario,2022.0 -SOEC,electricity-input,1.15,MWh_el/MWh_H2,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,, -SOEC,investment,2134.0823,USD/kW,"ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions, https://theicct.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/fuels-eu-cost-renew-H-produced-onsite-H-refueling-stations-europe-feb22.pdf adjusted according to DOE observations https://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/docs/hydrogenprogramlibraries/pdfs/24005-clean-hydrogen-production-cost-pem-electrolyzer.pdf?sfvrsn=8cb10889_1#:~:text=This%20Record%20shows%20that%20the,factors%20of%2050%2D75%25",US-based assumptions for a Conservative cost scenario,2022.0 -SOEC,lifetime,30.0,years,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,, -Sand-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Sand-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Sand-charger,investment,144192.2682,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Sand-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,efficiency,0.53,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,investment,576769.073,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Sand-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['sand'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Sand-store,investment,6700.8517,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.100 (p.122)","{'carrier': ['sand'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -Sand-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['sand'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Steam methane reforming,FOM,3.0,%/year,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW).,2015.0 -Steam methane reforming,investment,497454.611,EUR/MW_H2,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW). Currency conversion 1.17 USD = 1 EUR.,2015.0 -Steam methane reforming,lifetime,30.0,years,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW).,2015.0 -Steam methane reforming,methane-input,1.483,MWh_CH4/MWh_H2,"Keipi et al (2018): Economic analysis of hydrogen production by methane thermal decomposition (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2017.12.063), table 2.","Large scale SMR plant producing 2.5 kg/s H2 output (assuming 33.3333 MWh/t H2 LHV), with 6.9 kg/s CH4 input (feedstock) and 2 kg/s CH4 input (energy). Neglecting water consumption.", -"Tank&bulk, diesel",efficiency,0.462,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, diesel",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, diesel",investment,35129312.4041,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, diesel",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, diesel",lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, diesel",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, methanol",efficiency,0.4695,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, methanol",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, methanol",investment,35129312.4041,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, methanol",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, methanol",lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, methanol",2023.0 -"Tankbulk, ammonia",efficiency,0.471,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tankbulk, ammonia",2023.0 -"Tankbulk, ammonia",investment,35129312.4041,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tankbulk, ammonia",2023.0 -"Tankbulk, ammonia",lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tankbulk, ammonia",2023.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,FOM,2.4395,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,efficiency,0.8062,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.65^0.5']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,investment,129023.0526,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-store,FOM,0.2345,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['vanadium'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-store,investment,258072.8586,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['vanadium'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-store,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['vanadium'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,FOM,2.4395,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,efficiency,0.7937,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.25 ","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['(0.63)^0.5 efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,investment,129023.0526,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,lifetime,25.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-store,FOM,0.1654,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-store,investment,174388.0144,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.48 (p.70) text below Table 4.12","{'carrier': ['znair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-store,lifetime,25.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['znair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,FOM,2.1198,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,efficiency,0.8307,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.25 ","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['(0.69)^0.5 efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,investment,81553.4846,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,lifetime,10.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.27","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-store,FOM,0.2576,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znbrflow'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-store,investment,412306.5947,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['znbrflow'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-store,lifetime,10.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.27","{'carrier': ['znbrflow'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,FOM,2.4395,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,efficiency,0.8888,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.25","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': [' (0.79)^0.5 efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,investment,129023.0526,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,FOM,0.2244,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,investment,239220.5823,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -air separation unit,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -air separation unit,electricity-input,0.25,MWh_el/t_N2,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), p.288.","For consistency reasons use value from Danish Energy Agency. DEA also reports range of values (0.2-0.4 MWh/t_N2) on pg. 288. Other efficienices reported are even higher, e.g. 0.11 Mwh/t_N2 from Morgan (2013): Techno-Economic Feasibility Study of Ammonia Plants Powered by Offshore Wind .", -air separation unit,investment,671233.0629,EUR/t_N2/h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 -air separation unit,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -allam,VOM,2.0,EUR/MWh,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -allam,efficiency,0.6,p.u.,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -allam,investment,1500.0,EUR/kW,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -allam,lifetime,30.0,years,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,FOM,5.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.99,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",CO2 volume captured / (Stream flowrate * Max. capacity utilization * CO2 in exhaust * 8760),2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.1,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,investment,929753.03,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 41 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 389000 t/year",2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -battery inverter,FOM,0.54,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -battery inverter,efficiency,0.96,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2020.0 -battery inverter,investment,106.34,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2020.0 -battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -battery storage,investment,99.9596,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2020.0 -battery storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,FOM,3.3636,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,VOM,823.497,EUR/MWh_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-biochar,0.404,MWh_biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency biochar",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.4848,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency heat",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,investment,141538.54,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.0582,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0 -biodiesel crops,fuel,137.5427,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIORPS1 (rape seed), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -bioethanol crops,CO2 intensity,0.1289,tCO2/MWh_th,,"CO2 released during fermentation of bioethanol crops, based on stochiometric composition: C6H12O6 -> 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2 , i.e. 1 kg ethanol → ~0.956 kg CO₂ (from fermentation) → 0.1289 tCO₂/MWh (with LHV = 26.7 MJ/kg).", -bioethanol crops,fuel,86.1222,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOCRP11 (Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -biogas,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 -biogas,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biogas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, -biogas,fuel,62.4351,EUR/MWhth,JRC and Zappa, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biogas,investment,922.249,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 -biogas,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biogas CC,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas CC,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 -biogas CC,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biogas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, -biogas CC,investment,922.249,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 -biogas CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biogas manure,fuel,19.8782,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOGAS1 (manure), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,VOM,3.0626,EUR/MWh_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Variable O&M,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,investment,643.1443,EUR/kW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Specific investment,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -biogas upgrading,FOM,17.8139,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Fixed O&M ",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,VOM,3.0755,EUR/MWh output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Variable O&M",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,investment,136.4191,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: investment (upgrading, methane redution and grid injection)",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biomass,FOM,4.5269,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,efficiency,0.468,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,fuel,7.4076,EUR/MWhth,IEA2011b, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,investment,2337.6116,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,lifetime,30.0,years,ECF2010 in DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass CHP,FOM,3.5606,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass CHP,VOM,2.222,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -biomass CHP,c_b,0.4564,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -biomass CHP,efficiency,0.3003,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7083,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass CHP,investment,3239.492,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,capture_rate,0.95,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-electricity-input,0.075,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-heat-output,0.13,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,electricity-input,0.023,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-input,0.66,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-output,0.66,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,investment,2400000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass EOP,FOM,3.5606,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass EOP,VOM,2.222,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -biomass EOP,c_b,0.4564,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -biomass EOP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -biomass EOP,efficiency,0.3003,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass EOP,efficiency-heat,0.7083,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass EOP,investment,3239.492,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -biomass EOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass HOP,FOM,5.7257,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Fixed O&M, heat output",2015.0 -biomass HOP,VOM,3.1231,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Variable O&M heat output,2015.0 -biomass HOP,efficiency,0.5312,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass HOP,investment,839.0781,EUR/kW_th - heat output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Nominal investment ,2015.0 -biomass HOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -biomass boiler,FOM,7.5118,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass boiler,efficiency,0.87,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -biomass boiler,investment,654.3303,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Specific investment",2015.0 -biomass boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass boiler,pelletizing cost,9.0,EUR/MWh_pellets,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.109506,,2019.0 -biomass-to-methanol,C in fuel,0.4265,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,C stored,0.5735,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,CO2 stored,0.2103,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,FOM,1.8083,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,VOM,14.4653,EUR/MWh_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Variable O&M,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency,0.63,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Methanol Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-electricity,0.02,MWh_e/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Electricity Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-heat,0.22,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: District heat Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,investment,2255.697,EUR/kW_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Specific investment,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,FOM,14.18,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",123.67 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘BF-BOF’.,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,coal-input,1.43,MWh_coal/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15). ","Based on process ‘Avg BF-BOF` using 195 kg_PCI/t_HM (PCI = Pulverized Coal Injected; HM = Hot Metal) as substitute for coke, 24 MJ/kg as LHV for coal and 1 : 1.1 as HM-to-steel ratio.",2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15).",,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,investment,7637406.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",871.85 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘Avg BF-BOF’.,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15).",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,ore-input,1.539,t_ore/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",Based on process ‘Avg BF-BOF`,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,scrap-input,0.051,t_scrap/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",Based on process ‘Avg BF-BOF`,2020.0 -cement capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,capture_rate,0.95,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,compression-electricity-input,0.075,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,compression-heat-output,0.13,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,electricity-input,0.02,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,heat-input,0.66,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,heat-output,1.48,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,investment,2200000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,FOM,7.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",CO2 volume captured / (Stream flowrate * Max. capacity utilization * CO2 in exhaust * 8760),2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,investment,2587727.173,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 247 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 842000 t/year",2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement dry clinker,FOM,4.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,VOM,5.2911,EUR/t_clinker,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,electricity-input,0.0694,MWh_el/t_clinker,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original values 0.25 PJ per Mt clinker,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,gas-input,0.0002,MWh_NG/t_clinker,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original values 0.0058 PJ per Mt clinker,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,heat-input,0.9444,MWh_th/t_CO2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original values 3.4 PJ per Mt clinker,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,investment,1158752.6816,EUR/t_clinker/h,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original value 125 EUR/t/year,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,lifetime,30.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement finishing,FOM,30.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement finishing,VOM,3.1747,EUR/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement finishing,clinker-input,0.656,t_cl/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND_Trans.xlsx`, Sheet `IND_Trans` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer),2015.0 -cement finishing,electricity-input,0.1736,MWh_el/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND_Trans.xlsx`, Sheet `IND_Trans` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer) with original value 0.6251 PJ per Mt cement.,2015.0 -cement finishing,investment,92700.2145,EUR/t_cement/h,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original value 10 EUR/t/year,2015.0 -cement finishing,lifetime,25.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer),2015.0 -cement finishing,slag-input,0.194,t_slag/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND_Trans.xlsx`, Sheet `IND_Trans` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer),2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.2336,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.3175,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.3,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Total efficiency, net, name plate",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,investment,906.0988,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central coal CHP,FOM,1.6316,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central coal CHP,VOM,2.9431,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central coal CHP,c_b,1.01,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -central coal CHP,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cv coefficient,2015.0 -central coal CHP,efficiency,0.5275,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","01 Coal CHP: Electricity efficiency, condensation mode, net",2015.0 -central coal CHP,investment,1928.2647,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central coal CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.3504,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.2117,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,efficiency,5.4,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,investment,604.0659,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas CHP,FOM,3.3889,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP,VOM,4.3387,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP,c_b,1.0,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central gas CHP,c_v,0.17,per unit,DEA (loss of fuel for additional heat), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central gas CHP,efficiency,0.42,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central gas CHP,investment,571.4397,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central gas CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,FOM,3.3889,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,VOM,4.3387,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,c_b,1.0,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,efficiency,0.42,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,investment,571.4397,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas boiler,FOM,3.6,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central gas boiler,VOM,1.0582,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central gas boiler,efficiency,1.04,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","44 Natural Gas DH Only: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central gas boiler,investment,52.9111,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central gas boiler,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,FOM,0.8464,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,VOM,4.8249,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,investment,2725.6586,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.4147,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.4192,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,1.74,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,investment,510.2956,EUR/kW_th excluding drive energy,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,investment,1005.3105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central resistive heater,FOM,1.6167,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central resistive heater,VOM,1.0582,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central resistive heater,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","41 Electric Boilers: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central resistive heater,investment,63.4933,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Nominal investment; 10/15 kV; >10 MW,2015.0 -central resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central solar thermal,FOM,1.4,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solar thermal,investment,148151.0278,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,FOM,2.8591,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,VOM,4.8953,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,c_b,0.3465,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency,0.2675,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.8269,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,investment,3442.0984,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,FOM,2.8591,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,VOM,4.8953,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_b,0.3465,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency,0.2675,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.8269,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,investment,4917.5537,EUR/kW_e,Combination of central solid biomass CHP CC and solid biomass boiler steam,,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,FOM,2.8591,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,VOM,4.8953,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_b,0.3465,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency,0.2675,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency-heat,0.8269,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,investment,3442.0984,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central water pit charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2020.0 -central water pit discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2020.0 -central water pit storage,Bottom storage temperature,35.0,⁰C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Typical bottom storage temperature,2020.0 -central water pit storage,FOM,0.2544,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -central water pit storage,Top storage temperature,90.0,⁰C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Typical max. storage temperature,2020.0 -central water pit storage,energy to power ratio,22.5,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2020.0 -central water pit storage,investment,0.9826,EUR/kWh Capacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Specific investment,2020.0 -central water pit storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -central water pit storage,standing losses,0.0078,%/hour,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Energy losses during storage,2020.0 -central water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2020.0 -central water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2020.0 -central water tank storage,FOM,1.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central water tank storage,energy to power ratio,60.3448,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2020.0 -central water tank storage,investment,3.0361,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Specific investment,2020.0 -central water tank storage,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -central water tank storage,standing losses,0.0077,%/hour,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Energy losses during storage,2020.0 -central water tank storage,temperature difference,55.0,"hot/cold, K","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Typical temperature difference,2020.0 -clean water tank storage,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0 -clean water tank storage,investment,69.1286,EUR/m^3-H2O,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0 -clean water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",, -coal,CO2 intensity,0.3361,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid-Emissionen des deutschen Strommix in den Jahren 1990 - 2018,, -coal,FOM,1.31,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100.",2023.0 -coal,VOM,3.2612,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3+5.5)USD/MWh_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR).",2023.0 -coal,efficiency,0.356,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. 1 / ((8.75+12) MMbtu/MWh_th /2 / (3.4095 MMbtu/MWh_th)), rounded up.",2023.0 -coal,fuel,9.5542,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on IEA 2011 data, 99 USD/t.",2010.0 -coal,investment,3827.1629,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Higher costs include coal plants with CCS, but since using here for calculating the average nevertheless. Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3200+6775) USD/kW_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR).",2023.0 -coal,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 -csp-tower,FOM,1.3,%/year,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power),Ratio between CAPEX and FOM from ATB database for “moderate” scenario.,2020.0 -csp-tower,investment,99.97,"EUR/kW_th,dp",ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include solar field and solar tower as well as EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant). Total costs (223,708,924 USD) are divided by active area (heliostat reflective area, 1,269,054 m2) and multiplied by design point DNI (0.95 kW/m2) to obtain EUR/kW_th. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR.",2020.0 -csp-tower,lifetime,30.0,years,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power),-,2020.0 -csp-tower TES,FOM,1.3,%/year,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -csp-tower TES,investment,13.39,EUR/kWh_th,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include the TES incl. EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant, 2.791 MW_th TES). Total costs (69390776.7 USD) are divided by TES size to obtain EUR/kW_th. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR.",2020.0 -csp-tower TES,lifetime,30.0,years,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -csp-tower power block,FOM,1.3,%/year,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -csp-tower power block,investment,700.34,EUR/kW_e,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include the power cycle incl. BOP and EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant). Total costs (135185685.5 USD) are divided by power block nameplate capacity size to obtain EUR/kW_e. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR.",2020.0 -csp-tower power block,lifetime,30.0,years,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -decentral CHP,FOM,3.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral CHP,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral CHP,investment,1481.5103,EUR/kWel,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,FOM,3.0674,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.7,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.3 Air to water existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,851.8684,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,18.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,FOM,6.7099,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,efficiency,0.985,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","202 Natural gas boiler: Total efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,investment,299.1224,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler connection,investment,186.9515,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Possible additional specific investment,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler connection,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,1.8994,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.975,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.7 Ground source existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,1375.6881,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,FOM,2.0,%/year,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,investment,165.0975,EUR/kWth,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf) (+eigene Berechnung), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,FOM,2.0,%/year,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,investment,105.8222,EUR/kWhth,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,FOM,1.3,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,investment,285719.8393,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2020.0 -decentral water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,FOM,1.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,VOM,1.2289,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Variable O&M,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,energy to power ratio,0.15,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,investment,419.8622,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Specific investment,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,standing losses,2.1,%/hour,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Energy losses during storage,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,temperature difference,30.0,"hot/cold, K","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Typical temperature difference,2020.0 -digestible biomass,fuel,17.0611,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOAGRW1, ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0 -digestible biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -digestible biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -digestible biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.39,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, -digestible biomass to hydrogen,investment,3177.8395,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -direct air capture,FOM,4.95,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,compression-electricity-input,0.15,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,compression-heat-output,0.2,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,electricity-input,0.4,MWh_el/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","0.4 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 0.182 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019). Should already include electricity for water scrubbing and compression (high quality CO2 output).",2020.0 -direct air capture,heat-input,1.6,MWh_th/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","Thermal energy demand. Provided via air-sourced heat pumps. 1.6 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 1.102 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019).",2020.0 -direct air capture,heat-output,0.75,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,investment,5000000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct firing gas,FOM,1.1515,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas,VOM,0.282,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing gas,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing gas,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,FOM,1.1515,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,VOM,0.282,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,FOM,1.4545,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,VOM,0.3351,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,FOM,1.4545,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,VOM,0.3351,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Based on https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/capesize-freight-returns-below-operating-expense-levels-but-shipowners-reject-lay-ups/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","5000 USD/d OPEX, exchange rate: 1.15 USD = 1 EUR; absolute value calculate relative to investment cost.",2020.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,capacity,180000.0,t,-,"DWT; corresponds to size of Capesize bulk carriers which have previously docked at the habour in Hamburg, Germany. Short of 200 kt limit for VLBCs.",2020.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,investment,40000000.0,EUR,"Based on https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/dry-bulk-carriers-in-high-demand-as-rates-keep-rallying/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","See figure for ‘Dry Bulk Newbuild Prices’, Capesize at end of 2020. Exchange rate: 1.15 USD = 1 EUR.",2020.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,lifetime,25.0,years,"Based on https://mfame.guru/fall-life-expectancy-bulk-carriers/, accessed: 2022-12-03.",Expected lifetime.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,FOM,30.0,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","EAF has high OPEX of 62.99 EUR/year/t_steel, presumably because of electrode corrosion.",2020.0 -electric arc furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,electricity-input,0.6395,MWh_el/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘EAF’. ,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,hbi-input,1.0,t_hbi/t_steel,-,Assume HBI instead of scrap as input.Scrap would require higher input (in tonnes) as steel content is lower.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,investment,1839600.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",210 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘EAF’.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,FOM,30.0,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","EAF has high OPEX of 62.99 EUR/year/t_steel, presumably because of electrode corrosion.",2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,electricity-input,0.6395,MWh_el/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘EAF’. ,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,hbi-input,0.37,t_hbi/t_steel,"World Steel Association, Fact Sheet – Steel and raw materials: https://worldsteel.org/wp-content/uploads/Fact-sheet-raw-materials-2023-1.pdf, Accessed 2024-04-17.",Assume HBI instead of scrap as input.Scrap would require higher input (in tonnes) as steel content is lower.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,investment,1839600.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",210 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘EAF’.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,scrap-input,0.71,t_scrap/t_steel,"World Steel Association, Fact Sheet – Steel and raw materials: https://worldsteel.org/wp-content/uploads/Fact-sheet-raw-materials-2023-1.pdf, Accessed 2024-04-17.",,2020.0 -electric boiler steam,FOM,1.3857,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Fixed O&M,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,VOM,0.7855,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Variable O&M,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","310.1 Electric boiler steam : Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -electric boiler steam,investment,70.49,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Nominal investment,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Technical lifetime,2019.0 -electric steam cracker,FOM,3.0,%/year,Guesstimate,,2015.0 -electric steam cracker,VOM,190.4799,EUR/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",,2015.0 -electric steam cracker,carbondioxide-output,0.55,t_CO2/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), ",The report also references another source with 0.76 t_CO2/t_HVC, -electric steam cracker,electricity-input,2.7,MWh_el/t_HVC,"Lechtenböhmer et al. (2016): 10.1016/j.energy.2016.07.110, Section 4.3, page 6.",Assuming electrified processing., -electric steam cracker,investment,11124025.7434,EUR/(t_HVC/h),"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",Assuming CAPEX of 1200 €/t actually given in €/(t/a).,2015.0 -electric steam cracker,lifetime,30.0,years,Guesstimate,, -electric steam cracker,naphtha-input,14.8,MWh_naphtha/t_HVC,"Lechtenböhmer et al. (2016): 10.1016/j.energy.2016.07.110, Section 4.3, page 6.",, -electricity distribution grid,FOM,2.0,%/year,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity distribution grid,investment,529.1108,EUR/kW,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity distribution grid,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity grid connection,FOM,2.0,%/year,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity grid connection,investment,148.151,EUR/kW,DEA, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity grid connection,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electrobiofuels,C in fuel,0.9292,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,FOM,2.8364,%/year,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2015.0 -electrobiofuels,VOM,3.429,EUR/MWh_th,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2017.0 -electrobiofuels,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -electrobiofuels,efficiency-biomass,1.325,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,efficiency-hydrogen,1.2543,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,efficiency-tot,0.6443,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,investment,392280.346,EUR/kW_th,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2017.0 -electrolysis,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 -electrolysis,efficiency,0.6532,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 -electrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.1849,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 -electrolysis,investment,1200.0,EUR/kW_e,private communications; IEA https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/9e0c82d4-06d2-496b-9542-f184ba803645/TheRoleofE-fuelsinDecarbonisingTransport.pdf,,2020.0 -electrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -electrolysis small,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 -electrolysis small,efficiency,0.6532,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 -electrolysis small,efficiency-heat,0.1849,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 -electrolysis small,investment,675.0,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Specific investment,2020.0 -electrolysis small,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Technical lifetime of plant,2020.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,FOM,7.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.94,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.12,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,investment,928559.735,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 36 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 342000 t/year",2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol from starch crop,FOM,16.4,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original values FIXOM in MEUR/GW divided by INVCOST for the corresponding year",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,VOM,26.3497,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value 6.93 MEUR/PJ VAROM",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,efficiency,0.58,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production. Converted from 0.35 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,investment,603376.8073,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for USA and European production,2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,FOM,19.51,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original values FIXOM in MEUR/GW divided by INVCOST for the corresponding year",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,VOM,23.1751,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production, original value 6.09 MEUR/PJ VAROM",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,efficiency,0.45,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production. Converted from 0.292 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,investment,446537.78,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for Brazilian production,2015.0 -fuel cell,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -fuel cell,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -fuel cell,investment,1005.3105,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -fuelwood,fuel,13.193,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOO (FuelwoodRW), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -gas,CO2 intensity,0.198,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 50 GJ/t CH4,, -gas,fuel,24.568,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -gas boiler steam,FOM,3.96,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,VOM,1.007,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.93,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -gas boiler steam,investment,45.7727,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -gas storage,FOM,0.5368,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",150 Underground Storage of Gas: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -gas storage,investment,0.2366,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",150 Underground Storage of Gas: Specific investment,2020.0 -gas storage,lifetime,100.0,years,TODO no source,"150 Underground Storage of Gas: estimation: most underground storage are already built, they do have a long lifetime",2020.0 -gas storage charger,investment,15.2479,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",,2020.0 -gas storage discharger,investment,5.0826,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",,2020.0 -geothermal,CO2 intensity,0.12,tCO2/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",Likely to be improved; Average of 85 percent of global egs power plant capacity; Result of fluid circulation through rock formations,2020.0 -geothermal,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",See Supplemental Material of source for details,2020.0 -geothermal,district heat surcharge,25.0,%,Frey et al. 2022: Techno-Economic Assessment of Geothermal Resources in the Variscan Basement of the Northern Upper Rhine Graben,"If capital cost of electric generation from EGS is 100%, district heating adds additional 25%. Costs incurred by piping.",2020.0 -geothermal,district heat-input,0.8,MWh_thdh/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, District Heat-output. This is an assessment of typical heat losses when heat is transmitted from the EGS plant to the DH network, This is a rough estimate, depends on local conditions",2020.0 -geothermal,lifetime,30.0,years,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",,2020.0 -helmeth,FOM,3.0,%/year,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -helmeth,efficiency,0.8,per unit,HELMETH press release, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -helmeth,investment,2116.4433,EUR/kW,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -helmeth,lifetime,25.0,years,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -home battery inverter,FOM,0.54,%/year,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -home battery inverter,efficiency,0.96,per unit,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2020.0 -home battery inverter,investment,153.7307,EUR/kW,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2020.0 -home battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -home battery storage,investment,144.7981,EUR/kWh,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2020.0 -home battery storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -hydro,FOM,1.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -hydro,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -hydro,investment,2274.8177,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 -hydro,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,FOM,11.3,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","55.28 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ OPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15).",,2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,electricity-input,1.03,MWh_el/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ reduced by electricity demand of process ‘EAF’.,2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,hydrogen-input,2.1,MWh_H2/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2022-12-05). ","63 kg H2/t steel for process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ according to documentation (raw input files for MPP model list 73 kg H2 / t steel, which seems to high and is probably incorrect).",2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,investment,4277858.0,EUR/t_HBI/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","488.34 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ CAPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,ore-input,1.59,t_ore/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03). ",Based on process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’.,2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,compression-electricity-input,0.05,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.",1.707 kWh/kg.,2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,investment,87.69,EUR/kW_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.","2923 EUR/kg_H2. For a 206 kg/h compressor. Base CAPEX 40 528 EUR/kW_el with scale factor 0.4603. kg_H2 converted to MWh using LHV. Pressure range: 30 bar in, 250 bar out.",2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,lifetime,15.0,years,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,investment,13.5,EUR/kWh_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.","450 EUR/kg_H2 converted with LHV to MWh. For a type 1 hydrogen storage tank (steel, 15-250 bar). Currency year assumed 2020 for initial publication of reference; observe note in SI.4.3 that no currency year is explicitly stated in the reference.",2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,lifetime,20.0,years,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,min_fill_level,6.0,%,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,FOM,1.8484,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,investment,28.7654,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Specific investment,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,FOM,0.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,VOM,0.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Variable O&M,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,investment,1.5951,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Specific investment,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,lifetime,100.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,FOM,0.0913,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,VOM,3.2425,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Variable O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,efficiency,3.15,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,investment,882.132,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Nominal investment,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,FOM,0.1096,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,VOM,3.2425,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Variable O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,efficiency,2.8,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,investment,735.11,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -iron ore DRI-ready,commodity,97.73,EUR/t,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://missionpossiblepartnership.org/action-sectors/steel/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","DRI ready assumes 65% iron content, requiring no additional benefication.",2020.0 -iron-air battery,FOM,1.1808,%/year,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery,investment,11.1494,EUR/kWh,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery,lifetime,17.5,years,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery charge,efficiency,0.74,per unit,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery discharge,efficiency,0.63,per unit,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -lignite,CO2 intensity,0.4069,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid-Emissionen des deutschen Strommix in den Jahren 1990 - 2018,, -lignite,FOM,1.31,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,VOM,3.2612,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3+5.5)USD/MWh_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR). Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,efficiency,0.33,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. 1 / ((8.75+12) MMbtu/MWh_th /2 / (3.4095 MMbtu/MWh_th)), rounded up. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,fuel,3.2985,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on IEA 2011 data, 10 USD/t.",2010.0 -lignite,investment,3827.1629,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Higher costs include coal plants with CCS, but since using here for calculating the average nevertheless. Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3200+6775) USD/kW_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR). Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf .",2023.0 -lignite,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -methanation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.2.3.1",,2017.0 -methanation,carbondioxide-input,0.198,t_CO2/MWh_CH4,"Götz et al. (2016): Renewable Power-to-Gas: A technological and economic review (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2015.07.066), Fig. 11 .",Additional H2 required for methanation process (2x H2 amount compared to stochiometric conversion)., -methanation,efficiency,0.8,per unit,Palzer and Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -methanation,hydrogen-input,1.282,MWh_H2/MWh_CH4,,Based on ideal conversion process of stochiometric composition (1 t CH4 contains 750 kg of carbon)., -methanation,investment,599.7787,EUR/kW_CH4,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 6: “Reference scenario”.",,2017.0 -methanation,lifetime,20.0,years,Guesstimate.,"Based on lifetime for methanolisation, Fischer-Tropsch plants.",2017.0 -methane storage tank incl. compressor,FOM,1.9,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor by DEA.",Based on assumptions for hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor (by DEA).,2014.0 -methane storage tank incl. compressor,investment,8961.5075,EUR/m^3,Storage costs per l: https://www.compositesworld.com/articles/pressure-vessels-for-alternative-fuels-2014-2023 (2021-02-10).,"Assume 5USD/l (= 4.23 EUR/l at 1.17 USD/EUR exchange rate) for type 1 pressure vessel for 200 bar storage and 100% surplus costs for including compressor costs with storage, based on similar assumptions by DEA for compressed hydrogen storage tanks.",2014.0 -methane storage tank incl. compressor,lifetime,30.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor by DEA.",Based on assumptions for hydrogen storage tank 1 including compressor (by DEA).,2014.0 -methanol,CO2 intensity,0.2482,tCO2/MWh_th,,, -methanol-to-kerosene,FOM,4.5,%/year,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",,2020.0 -methanol-to-kerosene,VOM,1.35,EUR/MWh_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",,2020.0 -methanol-to-kerosene,hydrogen-input,0.0279,MWh_H2/MWh_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 6.","Assuming LHV 11.94 kWh/kg for kerosene, 5.54 kWh/kg for methanol, 33.3 kWh/kg for hydrogen.", -methanol-to-kerosene,investment,234500.0,EUR/MW_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",,2020.0 -methanol-to-kerosene,lifetime,30.0,years,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",, -methanol-to-kerosene,methanol-input,1.0764,MWh_MeOH/MWh_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 6.","Assuming LHV 11.94 kWh/kg for kerosene, 5.54 kWh/kg for methanol, 33.3 kWh/kg for hydrogen.", -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,FOM,3.0,%/year,Guesstimate,same as steam cracker,2015.0 -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,VOM,31.7466,EUR/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35", ,2015.0 -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,carbondioxide-output,0.6107,t_CO2/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Sections 4.5 (for ethylene and propylene) and 4.6 (for BTX)","Weighted average: 0.4 t_MeOH/t_ethylene+propylene for 21.7 Mt of ethylene and 17 Mt of propylene, 1.13 t_CO2/t_BTX for 15.7 Mt of BTX. The report also references process emissions of 0.55 t_MeOH/t_ethylene+propylene elsewhere. ", -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,electricity-input,1.3889,MWh_el/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), page 69",5 GJ/t_HVC , -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,investment,2781006.4359,EUR/(t_HVC/h),"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",Assuming CAPEX of 1200 €/t actually given in €/(t/a).,2015.0 -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,lifetime,30.0,years,Guesstimate,same as steam cracker, -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,methanol-input,18.03,MWh_MeOH/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Sections 4.5 (for ethylene and propylene) and 4.6 (for BTX)","Weighted average: 2.83 t_MeOH/t_ethylene+propylene for 21.7 Mt of ethylene and 17 Mt of propylene, 4.2 t_MeOH/t_BTX for 15.7 Mt of BTX. Assuming 5.54 MWh_MeOH/t_MeOH. ", -methanolisation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.1.",,2017.0 -methanolisation,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -methanolisation,carbondioxide-input,0.248,t_CO2/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 66.",, -methanolisation,electricity-input,0.271,MWh_e/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 65.",, -methanolisation,heat-output,0.1,MWh_th/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 65.",steam generation of 2 GJ/t_MeOH, -methanolisation,hydrogen-input,1.138,MWh_H2/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 64.",189 kg_H2 per t_MeOH, -methanolisation,investment,611732.6641,EUR/MW_MeOH,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 8: “Reference scenario”.","Well developed technology, no significant learning expected.",2017.0 -methanolisation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (04/2022), Data sheet “Methanol to Power”.",,2017.0 -micro CHP,FOM,6.25,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -micro CHP,efficiency,0.351,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Electric efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -micro CHP,efficiency-heat,0.609,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -micro CHP,investment,6970.4113,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 -micro CHP,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,FOM,11.3,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,gas-input,2.78,MWh_NG/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",Original value 10 GJ/t_DRI.,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,investment,4277858.0,EUR/t_HBI/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.","488.34 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ CAPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,ore-input,1.59,t_ore/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",, -nuclear,FOM,1.27,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (131.5+152.75)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) relative to investment costs.",2023.0 -nuclear,VOM,3.5464,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (4.25+5)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 -nuclear,efficiency,0.326,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on heat rate of 10.45 MMBtu/MWh_e and 3.4095 MMBtu/MWh_th, i.e. 1/(10.45/3.4095) = 0.3260.",2023.0 -nuclear,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -nuclear,investment,8594.1354,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (8475+13925)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 -nuclear,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 -offwind,FOM,2.1762,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Fixed O&M [EUR/MW_e/y, 2020]",2020.0 -offwind,VOM,0.0212,EUR/MWhel,RES costs made up to fix curtailment order, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind,investment,1562.3661,"EUR/kW_e, 2020","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Nominal investment [MEUR/MW_e, 2020] grid connection costs subtracted from investment costs",2020.0 -offwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2841.3251,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,1420.1334,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-ac-station,investment,264.5554,EUR/kWel,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2116.4433,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,1058.2216,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017; average + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-station,investment,423.2887,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017; assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-float,FOM,1.22,%/year,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0 -offwind-float,investment,1960.0,EUR/kWel,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0 -offwind-float,lifetime,20.0,years,C. Maienza 2020 A life cycle cost model for floating offshore wind farms,,2020.0 -offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2118.5597,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf,,2014.0 -offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,1039.4778,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017, average + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 -offwind-float-station,investment,415.7911,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017, assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 -oil,CO2 intensity,0.2571,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 44 GJ/t diesel and -CH2- approximation of diesel,, -oil,FOM,2.4365,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -oil,VOM,6.3493,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0 -oil,efficiency,0.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","50 Diesel engine farm: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -oil,fuel,52.9111,EUR/MWhth,IEA WEM2017 97USD/boe = http://www.iea.org/media/weowebsite/2017/WEM_Documentation_WEO2017.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -oil,investment,359.2662,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Specific investment,2015.0 -oil,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -onwind,FOM,1.1858,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -onwind,VOM,1.3143,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Variable O&M,2015.0 -onwind,investment,1034.4807,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Nominal investment ,2015.0 -onwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -organic rankine cycle,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551","Both for flash, binary and ORC plants. See Supplemental Material for details",2020.0 -organic rankine cycle,electricity-input,0.12,MWh_el/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, Electricity-output. This is a rough estimate, depends on input temperature, implies ~150 C.",2020.0 -organic rankine cycle,investment,1376.0,EUR/kW_el,Tartiere and Astolfi 2017: A world overview of the organic Rankine cycle market,"Low rollout complicates the estimation, compounded by a dependence both on plant size and temperature, converted from 1500 USD/kW using currency conversion 1.09 USD = 1 EUR.",2020.0 -organic rankine cycle,lifetime,30.0,years,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",,2020.0 -ror,FOM,2.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -ror,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -ror,investment,3412.2266,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 -ror,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -seawater RO desalination,electricity-input,0.003,MWHh_el/t_H2O,"Caldera et al. (2016): Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Fig. 4.",Desalination using SWRO. Assume medium salinity of 35 Practical Salinity Units (PSUs) = 35 kg/m^3., -seawater desalination,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2015.0 -seawater desalination,electricity-input,3.0348,kWh/m^3-H2O,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Fig. 4.",, -seawater desalination,investment,27828.5154,EUR/(m^3-H2O/h),"Caldera et al 2017: Learning Curve for Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination Plants: Capital Cost Trend of the Past, Present, and Future (https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR021402), Table 4.",,2015.0 -seawater desalination,lifetime,30.0,years,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",, -shipping fuel methanol,CO2 intensity,0.2482,tCO2/MWh_th,-,Based on stochiometric composition.,2020.0 -shipping fuel methanol,fuel,72.0,EUR/MWh_th,"Based on (source 1) Hampp et al (2022), https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.01092, and (source 2): https://www.methanol.org/methanol-price-supply-demand/; both accessed: 2022-12-03.",400 EUR/t assuming range roughly in the long-term range for green methanol (source 1) and late 2020+beyond values for grey methanol (source 2).,2020.0 -solar,FOM,2.04,%/year,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop' and 50% 'solar-utility',2020.0 -solar,VOM,0.0106,EUR/MWhel,RES costs made up to fix curtailment order, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -solar,investment,450.3221,EUR/kW_e,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop' and 50% 'solar-utility',2020.0 -solar,lifetime,40.0,years,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop' and 50% 'solar-utility',2020.0 -solar-rooftop,FOM,1.5552,%/year,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop,discount rate,0.04,per unit,standard for decentral, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -solar-rooftop,investment,579.8196,EUR/kW_e,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop,lifetime,40.0,years,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,FOM,1.7372,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,investment,460.516,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,FOM,1.3731,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,investment,699.1231,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-utility,FOM,2.5247,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-utility,investment,320.8246,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-utility,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,FOM,2.4459,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,investment,384.3112,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solid biomass,CO2 intensity,0.3667,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 18 GJ/t_DM LHV and 50% C-content for solid biomass,, -solid biomass,fuel,13.6489,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOOW1 (secondary forest residue wood chips), ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,FOM,6.1742,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,VOM,2.8679,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,investment,567.5818,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,FOM,6.1742,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,VOM,2.8679,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,investment,567.5818,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -solid biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -solid biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -solid biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.56,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, -solid biomass to hydrogen,investment,3177.8395,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,FOM,5.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",CO2 volume captured / (Stream flowrate * Max. capacity utilization * CO2 in exhaust * 8760),2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,investment,3561435.753,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 1342 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 3324000 t/year",2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -uranium,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -waste CHP,FOM,2.3255,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -waste CHP,VOM,27.5443,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -waste CHP,c_b,0.2976,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP,efficiency,0.2123,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7622,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP,investment,8031.5216,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -waste CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,FOM,2.3255,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,VOM,27.5443,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,c_b,0.2976,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,efficiency,0.2123,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.7622,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,investment,8031.5216,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -water tank charger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -water tank discharger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 diff --git a/ariadne-data/costs/mean/costs_2045.csv b/ariadne-data/costs/mean/costs_2045.csv deleted file mode 100644 index f579d8a04..000000000 --- a/ariadne-data/costs/mean/costs_2045.csv +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1238 +0,0 @@ -technology,parameter,value,unit,source,further description,currency_year -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,FOM,2.8,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,VOM,0.2389,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,electricity-input,1.38,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,investment,429.0306,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,lifetime,40.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,FOM,2.3,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,VOM,0.2389,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,electricity-input,1.416,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,investment,506.0332,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,FOM,2.3,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,VOM,0.1934,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,electricity-input,1.41,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,investment,582.922,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW, -Ammonia cracker,FOM,4.3,%/year,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 7.","Estimated based on Labour cost rate, Maintenance cost rate, Insurance rate, Admin. cost rate and Chemical & other consumables cost rate.",2015.0 -Ammonia cracker,ammonia-input,1.46,MWh_NH3/MWh_H2,"ENGIE et al (2020): Ammonia to Green Hydrogen Feasibility Study (https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/880826/HS420_-_Ecuity_-_Ammonia_to_Green_Hydrogen.pdf), Fig. 10.",Assuming a integrated 200t/d cracking and purification facility. Electricity demand (316 MWh per 2186 MWh_LHV H2 output) is assumed to also be ammonia LHV input which seems a fair assumption as the facility has options for a higher degree of integration according to the report)., -Ammonia cracker,investment,699718.4683,EUR/MW_H2,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 6.",Calculated. For a small (200 t_NH3/d input) facility. Base cost for facility: 51 MEUR at capacity 20 000m^3_NH3/h = 339 t_NH3/d input. Cost scaling exponent 0.67. Ammonia density 0.7069 kg/m^3. Conversion efficiency of cracker: 0.685. Ammonia LHV: 5.167 MWh/t_NH3.; and Calculated. For a large (2500 t_NH3/d input) facility. Base cost for facility: 51 MEUR at capacity 20 000m^3_NH3/h = 339 t_NH3/d input. Cost scaling exponent 0.67. Ammonia density 0.7069 kg/m^3. Conversion efficiency of cracker: 0.685. Ammonia LHV: 5.167 MWh/t_NH3.,2015.0 -Ammonia cracker,lifetime,25.0,years,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 7.",,2015.0 -BEV Bus city,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,Motor size,424.1379,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,efficiency,0.6726,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,investment,198549.2586,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Coach,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,Motor size,539.6552,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,efficiency,0.65,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,investment,279089.0621,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,Motor size,813.7931,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,efficiency,1.156,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,investment,151213.8954,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,lifetime,10.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,Motor size,470.6897,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,efficiency,0.7343,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,investment,188744.5463,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,Motor size,1077.5862,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,efficiency,1.2875,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,investment,167722.8037,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),FOM,0.9,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),efficiency,0.68,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),investment,23827.0,EUR/PKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (trucks),FOM,16.0,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (trucks),2020.0 -Battery electric (trucks),investment,131200.0,EUR/LKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (trucks),2020.0 -Battery electric (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (trucks),2020.0 -BioSNG,C in fuel,0.3686,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,C stored,0.6314,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,CO2 stored,0.2315,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,FOM,1.6148,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Fixed O&M",2020.0 -BioSNG,VOM,1.728,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Variable O&M",2020.0 -BioSNG,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -BioSNG,efficiency,0.6825,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Bio SNG Output",2020.0 -BioSNG,investment,1621.685,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Specific investment",2020.0 -BioSNG,lifetime,25.0,years,TODO,"84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -BtL,C in fuel,0.3039,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,C stored,0.6961,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,CO2 stored,0.2552,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,FOM,2.9164,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Fixed O&M",2020.0 -BtL,VOM,1.1305,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Variable O&M",2020.0 -BtL,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -BtL,efficiency,0.4333,per unit,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Electricity Output",2020.0 -BtL,investment,2338.825,EUR/kW_th,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Specific investment",2017.0 -BtL,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Technical lifetime",2020.0 -CCGT,FOM,3.2755,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -CCGT,VOM,4.2858,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Variable O&M",2015.0 -CCGT,c_b,2.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -CCGT,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -CCGT,efficiency,0.595,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -CCGT,investment,854.514,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Nominal investment",2015.0 -CCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -CH4 (g) fill compressor station,FOM,1.7,%/year,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0 -CH4 (g) fill compressor station,investment,1654.96,EUR/MW_CH4,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station cost.","Assume same ratio as between H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station, i.e. 1:19 , due to a lack of reliable numbers.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) fill compressor station,lifetime,20.0,years,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,FOM,1.5,%/year,Assume same as for H2 (g) pipeline in 2050 (CH4 pipeline as mature technology).,"Due to lack of numbers, use comparable H2 pipeline assumptions.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,electricity-input,0.01,MW_e/1000km/MW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: 112 6 gas Main distri line.","Assumption for gas pipeline >100MW, 0.1% per station and spacing of 100km yields 1%/1000km. Electric compression.",2015.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,investment,87.22,EUR/MW/km,Guesstimate.,"Based on Arab Gas Pipeline: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Gas_Pipeline: cost = 1.2e9 $-US (year = ?), capacity=10.3e9 m^3/a NG, l=1200km, NG-LHV=39MJ/m^3*90% (also Wikipedia estimate from here https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_of_combustion). Presumed to include booster station cost.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,lifetime,50.0,years,Assume same as for H2 (g) pipeline in 2050 (CH4 pipeline as mature technology).,"Due to lack of numbers, use comparable H2 pipeline assumptions.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,FOM,3.0,%/year,"d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material.",-,2015.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,electricity-input,0.01,MW_e/1000km/MW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: 112 6 gas Main distri line.","Assumption for gas pipeline >100MW, 0.1% per station and spacing of 100km yields 1%/1000km. Electric compression.",2015.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,investment,119.3173,EUR/MW/km,Kaiser (2017): 10.1016/j.marpol.2017.05.003 .,"Based on Gulfstream pipeline costs (430 mi long pipeline for natural gas in deep/shallow waters) of 2.72e6 USD/mi and 1.31 bn ft^3/d capacity (36 in diameter), LHV of methane 13.8888 MWh/t and density of 0.657 kg/m^3 and 1.17 USD:1EUR conversion rate = 102.4 EUR/MW/km. Number is without booster station cost. Estimation of additional cost for booster stations based on H2 (g) pipeline numbers from Guidehouse (2020): European Hydrogen Backbone report and Danish Energy Agency (2021): Technology Data for Energy Transport, were booster stations make ca. 6% of pipeline cost; here add additional 10% for booster stations as they need to be constructed submerged or on plattforms. (102.4*1.1).",2014.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,lifetime,30.0,years,"d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material.",-,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,capacity,58300.0,t_CH4,"Calculated, based on Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",based on 138 000 m^3 capacity and LNG density of 0.4226 t/m^3 .,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,investment,159791465.6831,EUR,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,lifetime,25.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2015.0 -CH4 evaporation,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 evaporation,investment,91.1101,EUR/kW_CH4,"Calculated, based on Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306","based on 100 MUSD-2005/(1 bcm/a), 1 bcm = 10.6 TWh, currency exchange rate: 1.15 USD=1 EUR.",2005.0 -CH4 evaporation,lifetime,30.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,electricity-input,0.036,MWh_el/MWh_CH4,"Pospíšil et al. (2019): Energy demand of liquefaction and regasification of natural gas and the potential of LNG for operative thermal energy storage (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.09.027), Table 2 and Table 3. alternative source 2: https://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/methane (accessed 2021-02-10).","Assuming 0.5 MWh/t_CH4 for refigeration cycle based on Table 2 of source; cleaning of gas presumed unnecessary as it should be nearly pure CH4 (=SNG). Assuming energy required is only electricity which is for Table 3 in the source provided with efficiencies of ~50% of LHV, making the numbers consistent with the numbers in Table 2.", -CH4 liquefaction,investment,241.443,EUR/kW_CH4,"Calculated, based on Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306","based on 265 MUSD-2005/(1 bcm/a), 1 bcm = 10.6 TWh, currency exchange rate: 1.15 USD=1 EUR.",2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,lifetime,25.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,methane-input,1.0,MWh_CH4/MWh_CH4,"Pospíšil et al. (2019): Energy demand of liquefaction and regasification of natural gas and the potential of LNG for operative thermal energy storage (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.09.027), Table 2 and Table 3. alternative source 2: https://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/methane (accessed 2021-02-10).","For refrigeration cycle, cleaning of gas presumed unnecessary as it should be nearly pure CH4 (=SNG). Assuming energy required is only electricity which is for Table 3 in the source provided with efficiencies of ~50% of LHV, making the numbers consistent with the numbers in Table 2.", -CO2 liquefaction,FOM,5.0,%/year,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,,2004.0 -CO2 liquefaction,carbondioxide-input,1.0,t_CO2/t_CO2,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,"Assuming a pure, humid, low-pressure input stream. Neglecting possible gross-effects of CO2 which might be cycled for the cooling process.", -CO2 liquefaction,electricity-input,0.123,MWh_el/t_CO2,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,, -CO2 liquefaction,heat-input,0.0067,MWh_th/t_CO2,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,For drying purposes., -CO2 liquefaction,investment,16.7226,EUR/t_CO2/h,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,"Plant capacity of 20 kt CO2 / d and an uptime of 85%. For a high purity, humid, low pressure input stream, includes drying and compression necessary for liquefaction.",2004.0 -CO2 liquefaction,lifetime,25.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on CH4 liquefaction.",,2004.0 -CO2 pipeline,FOM,0.9,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",,2015.0 -CO2 pipeline,investment,2116.4433,EUR/(tCO2/h)/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",Assuming the 120-500 t CO2/h range that is based on cost of a 12 inch onshore pipeline.,2015.0 -CO2 pipeline,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",,2015.0 -CO2 storage tank,FOM,1.0,%/year,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, pg. 2746 .","Assuming a 3000m^3 pressurised steel cylinder tanks and a CO2 density of 1100 kg/m^3 (close to triple point at -56.6°C and 5.2 bar with max density of 1200kg/m^3 ). Lauri et al. report costs 3x higher per m^3 for steel tanks, which are consistent with other sources. The numbers reported are in rather difficult to pinpoint as systems can greatly vary.",2013.0 -CO2 storage tank,investment,2584.3462,EUR/t_CO2,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, Table 3.","Assuming a 3000m^3 pressurised steel cylinder tanks and a CO2 density of 1100 kg/m^3 (close to triple point at -56.6°C and 5.2 bar with max density of 1200kg/m^3 ). Lauri et al. report costs 3x higher per m^3 for steel tanks, which are consistent with other sources. The numbers reported are in rather difficult to pinpoint as systems can greatly vary.",2013.0 -CO2 storage tank,lifetime,25.0,years,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, pg. 2746 .","Assuming a 3000m^3 pressurised steel cylinder tanks and a CO2 density of 1100 kg/m^3 (close to triple point at -56.6°C and 5.2 bar with max density of 1200kg/m^3 ). Lauri et al. report costs 3x higher per m^3 for steel tanks, which are consistent with other sources. The numbers reported are in rather difficult to pinpoint as systems can greatly vary.",2013.0 -CO2 submarine pipeline,FOM,0.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",,2015.0 -CO2 submarine pipeline,investment,4232.8865,EUR/(tCO2/h)/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",Assuming the 120-500 t CO2/h range that is based on cost of a 12 inch offshore pipeline.,2015.0 -Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,FOM,1.6,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,investment,448894.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,FOM,2.2,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,investment,1788360.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,FOM,2.2,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,investment,1787894.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,FOM,1.8,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,investment,1005.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,FOM,0.9265,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.64 (p.86) Figure 4.14","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,efficiency,0.7211,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.52^0.5']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,investment,946180.9426,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Turbine Compressor BOP EPC Management']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-store,FOM,0.43,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB 4.5.2.1 Fixed O&M p.62 (p.84)","{'carrier': ['pair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-store,investment,5448.7894,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.64 (p.86)","{'carrier': ['pair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Cavern Storage']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['pair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,investment,144192.2682,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,efficiency,0.4343,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,investment,576769.073,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Concrete-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['concrete'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Concrete-store,investment,24044.2324,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['concrete'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -Concrete-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['concrete'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -"Container feeder, ammonia",efficiency,0.7754,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container feeder, ammonia",investment,34966212.0251,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container feeder, ammonia",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container feeder, diesel",efficiency,0.7718,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, diesel",2023.0 -"Container feeder, diesel",investment,34966212.0251,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, diesel",2023.0 -"Container feeder, diesel",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, diesel",2023.0 -"Container feeder, methanol",efficiency,0.7711,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, methanol",2023.0 -"Container feeder, methanol",investment,34966212.0251,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, methanol",2023.0 -"Container feeder, methanol",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, methanol",2023.0 -"Container, ammonia",efficiency,1.7094,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container, ammonia",investment,119652947.2851,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container, ammonia",lifetime,32.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container, diesel",efficiency,1.6399,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, diesel",2023.0 -"Container, diesel",investment,119652947.2851,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, diesel",2023.0 -"Container, diesel",lifetime,33.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, diesel",2023.0 -"Container, methanol",efficiency,1.7001,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, methanol",2023.0 -"Container, methanol",investment,119652947.2851,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, methanol",2023.0 -"Container, methanol",lifetime,33.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, methanol",2023.0 -Diesel Bus city,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,Motor size,250.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,efficiency,1.4937,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,investment,150756.2732,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,Motor size,350.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,efficiency,1.6249,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,investment,231296.0768,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,FOM,0.0005,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,Motor size,380.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,efficiency,2.8697,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,investment,142012.114,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,lifetime,10.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,Motor size,311.0345,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,efficiency,1.671,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,investment,155444.0931,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,Motor size,382.3529,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,efficiency,2.7665,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,investment,177515.1425,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,Motor size,435.1724,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,VOM,0.0979,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,efficiency,1.2722,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,investment,223691.9883,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Coach,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,Motor size,435.1724,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,efficiency,1.2451,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,investment,356840.1722,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,Motor size,578.4483,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,efficiency,2.2051,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,investment,139809.9795,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,lifetime,10.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,Motor size,432.7586,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,efficiency,1.4456,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,investment,193179.1609,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,Motor size,432.7586,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,efficiency,2.4422,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,investment,215250.2103,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FT fuel transport ship,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -FT fuel transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_FTfuel,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -FT fuel transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -FT fuel transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.1.",,2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,VOM,2.818,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",102 Hydrogen to Jet: Variable O&M,2020.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -Fischer-Tropsch,carbondioxide-input,0.2885,t_CO2/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","Input per 1t FT liquid fuels output, carbon efficiency increases with years (4.3, 3.9, 3.6, 3.3 t_CO2/t_FT from 2020-2050 with LHV 11.95 MWh_th/t_FT).", -Fischer-Tropsch,efficiency,0.799,per unit,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.2.",,2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,electricity-input,0.007,MWh_el/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","0.005 MWh_el input per FT output, output increasing from 2020 to 2050 (0.65, 0.7, 0.73, 0.75 MWh liquid FT output).", -Fischer-Tropsch,hydrogen-input,1.345,MWh_H2/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","0.995 MWh_H2 per output, output increasing from 2020 to 2050 (0.65, 0.7, 0.73, 0.75 MWh liquid FT output).", -Fischer-Tropsch,investment,565735.7731,EUR/MW_FT,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 8: “Reference scenario”.","Well developed technology, no significant learning expected.",2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (04/2022), Data sheet “Methanol to Power”.",,2017.0 -Gasnetz,FOM,2.5,%,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz,2020.0 -Gasnetz,investment,28.0,EUR/kWGas,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz,2020.0 -Gasnetz,lifetime,30.0,years,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz,2020.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),FOM,6.25,%/year,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , figure 7 and pg. 12 .",Assuming ca. 10 EUR/m^3/a (center value between stand alone and addon facility).,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),investment,137.8999,EUR/m^3,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 8F .",Assumed 20% lower than for product storage. Crude or middle distillate tanks are usually larger compared to product storage due to lower requirements on safety and different construction method. Reference size used here: 80 000 – 120 000 m^3 .,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),lifetime,30.0,years,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 11.",,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),FOM,6.25,%/year,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , figure 7 and pg. 12 .",Assuming ca. 10 EUR/m^3/a (center value between stand alone and addon facility).,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),investment,172.3748,EUR/m^3,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 8F .",Assumed at the higher end for addon facilities/mid-range for stand-alone facilities. Product storage usually smaller due to higher requirements on safety and different construction method. Reference size used here: 40 000 - 60 000 m^3 .,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),lifetime,30.0,years,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 11.",,2012.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.76 (p.98) Sentence 1 in 4.7.2 Operating Costs","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['1.5 percent of capital cost']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,efficiency,0.9274,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.36","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.86^0.5']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,investment,415570.5177,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 0% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,lifetime,41.7,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.36","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-store,investment,157381.7274,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 15% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['gravity'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Gravitational Capital (SB+BOS)']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-store,lifetime,41.7,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.36","{'carrier': ['gravity'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.76 (p.98) Sentence 1 in 4.7.2 Operating Costs","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['1.5 percent of capital cost']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,efficiency,0.9014,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level ((0.785+0.84)/2)^0.5']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,investment,365630.713,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 0% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-store,investment,121755.0274,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 15% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['gravitywa'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Gravitational Capital (SB+BOS)']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['gravitywa'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.76 (p.98) Sentence 1 in 4.7.2 Operating Costs","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['1.5 percent of capital cost']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,efficiency,0.9014,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level ((0.785+0.84)/2)^0.5']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,investment,905158.9602,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 0% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-store,investment,95982.5211,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 15% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['gravitywu'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Gravitational Capital (SB+BOS)']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['gravitywu'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -H2 (g) fill compressor station,FOM,1.7,%/year,"Guidehouse 2020: European Hydrogen Backbone report, https://guidehouse.com/-/media/www/site/downloads/energy/2020/gh_european-hydrogen-backbone_report.pdf (table 3, table 5)","Pessimistic (highest) value chosen for 48'' pipeline w/ 13GW_H2 LHV @ 100bar pressure. Currency year: Not clearly specified, assuming year of publication. Forecast year: Not clearly specified, guessing based on text remarks.",2020.0 -H2 (g) fill compressor station,investment,4738.7164,EUR/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), pg. 164, Figure 14 (Fill compressor).","Assumption for staging 35→140bar, 6000 MW_HHV single line pipeline. Considering HHV/LHV ration for H2.",2015.0 -H2 (g) fill compressor station,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), pg. 168, Figure 24 (Fill compressor).",,2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,FOM,1.9167,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, > 6000 MW_HHV single line pipeline, incl. booster station investments. Considering LHV by scaling with LHV/HHV=0.8462623413.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,electricity-input,0.0175,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,investment,303.6845,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 4.4 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, > 6000 MW_HHV single line pipeline, incl. booster station investments. Considering LHV by scaling with LHV/HHV=0.8462623413.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,FOM,1.9167,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.",Same as for new H2 (g) pipeline.,2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,electricity-input,0.0175,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,investment,129.4682,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line repurposed pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 0.8 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.",Same as for new H2 (g) pipeline.,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,FOM,3.0,%/year,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,electricity-input,0.0175,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,investment,456.1165,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line offshore pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 7.48 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,lifetime,30.0,years,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,FOM,3.0,%/year,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,electricity-input,0.0175,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,investment,160.1562,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line repurposed offshore pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 1.5 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,lifetime,30.0,years,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (l) storage tank,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.",Assuming currency year and technology year here (25 EUR/kg).,2015.0 -H2 (l) storage tank,investment,793.7456,EUR/MWh_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.","Assuming currency year and technology year here (25 EUR/kg). Future target cost. Today’s cost potentially higher according to d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material pg. 16.",2015.0 -H2 (l) storage tank,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.",Assuming currency year and technology year here (25 EUR/kg).,2015.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,capacity,11000.0,t_H2,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,investment,393737000.0,EUR,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,lifetime,20.0,years,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 evaporation,FOM,2.5,%/year,"DNV GL (2020): Study on the Import of Liquid Renewable Energy: Technology Cost Assessment, https://www.gie.eu/wp-content/uploads/filr/2598/DNV-GL_Study-GLE-Technologies-and-costs-analysis-on-imports-of-liquid-renewable-energy.pdf .",,2020.0 -H2 evaporation,investment,80.0948,EUR/kW_H2,"IRENA (2022): Global Hydrogen Trade to Meet the 1.5° Climate Goal: Technology Review of Hydrogen Carriers, https://www.irena.org/publications/2022/Apr/Global-hydrogen-trade-Part-II , pg. 62f.","Pessimistic assumption for large scale facility / near-term estimate for medium sized facility, in between low / mid estimate with e.g. DNV numbers (Fig. 3.15).; and Optimistic assumption for large scale facility 2500 t/d, cf Fig. 3.15 .",2022.0 -H2 evaporation,lifetime,20.0,years,Guesstimate.,Based on lifetime of liquefaction plant.,2015.0 -H2 liquefaction,FOM,2.5,%/year,"DNV GL (2020): Study on the Import of Liquid Renewable Energy: Technology Cost Assessment, https://www.gie.eu/wp-content/uploads/filr/2598/DNV-GL_Study-GLE-Technologies-and-costs-analysis-on-imports-of-liquid-renewable-energy.pdf .",,2020.0 -H2 liquefaction,electricity-input,0.203,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"Heuser et al. (2019): Techno-economic analysis of a potential energy trading link between Patagonia and Japan based on CO2 free hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.12.156), table 1.","6.78 kWh/kg_H2, considering H2 with LHV of 33.3333 MWh/t", -H2 liquefaction,hydrogen-input,1.017,MWh_H2/MWh_H2,"Heuser et al. (2019): Techno-economic analysis of a potential energy trading link between Patagonia and Japan based on CO2 free hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.12.156), table 1.",corresponding to 1.65% losses during liquefaction, -H2 liquefaction,investment,622.9598,EUR/kW_H2,"IRENA (2022): Global Hydrogen Trade to Meet the 1.5° Climate Goal: Technology Review of Hydrogen Carriers, https://www.irena.org/publications/2022/Apr/Global-hydrogen-trade-Part-II , pg. 62f.","Assumption for a 200t/d facility (Pessimistic long-term or optimistic short-term value).; and Assumption for a large >300t/d, e.g. 2500 t/d facility (Optimistic long-term value without change in base technology mentioned in report).",2022.0 -H2 liquefaction,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2022.0 -H2 pipeline,FOM,3.0,%/year,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -H2 pipeline,investment,282.5452,EUR/MW/km,Welder et al https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.05.059, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -H2 pipeline,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,FOM,5.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,VOM,0.5118,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,electricity-input,0.097,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification,investment,1467.9399,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification,wood-input,1.804,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification CC,FOM,5.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification CC,VOM,0.5232,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification CC,electricity-input,0.143,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification CC,investment,1489.0957,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification CC,wood-input,1.804,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification,FOM,6.3,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification,VOM,0.5061,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification,coal-input,1.62,MWh_coal/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification,electricity-input,0.02,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification,investment,399.1168,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification CC,FOM,6.54,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification CC,VOM,0.1479,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification CC,coal-input,1.62,MWh_coal/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification CC,electricity-input,0.023,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification CC,investment,413.4481,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,FOM,5.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,VOM,0.1592,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,electricity-input,0.063,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,investment,491.1331,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,lifetime,25.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,oil-input,1.3,MWh_oil/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,FOM,4.9,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,VOM,0.2047,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,electricity-input,0.02,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,gas-input,1.25,MWh_NG/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,investment,180.0518,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,FOM,6.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,VOM,0.0796,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,electricity-input,0.039,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,gas-input,1.4,MWh_NG/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,investment,217.5863,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,FOM,4.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,VOM,0.7393,EUR/MWh,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,electricity-input,0.044,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,investment,590.6564,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,wood-input,1.36,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -HVAC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVAC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVAC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,investment,165803.0398,EUR/MW,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC submarine,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0 -HVDC submarine,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1,2017.0 -HVDC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0 -HVDC underground,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 -HVDC underground,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1 (same as for HVDC submarine),2017.0 -HVDC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 -Haber-Bosch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,VOM,0.0225,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Variable O&M,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,electricity-input,0.2473,MWh_el/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), table 11.",Assume 5 GJ/t_NH3 for compressors and NH3 LHV = 5.16666 MWh/t_NH3., -Haber-Bosch,hydrogen-input,1.1484,MWh_H2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.","178 kg_H2 per t_NH3, LHV for both assumed.", -Haber-Bosch,investment,1054.8211,EUR/kW_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,nitrogen-input,0.1597,t_N2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.",".33 MWh electricity are required for ASU per t_NH3, considering 0.4 MWh are required per t_N2 and LHV of NH3 of 5.1666 Mwh.", -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,investment,144192.2682,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,efficiency,0.4444,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,investment,576769.073,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['salthight'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-store,investment,94107.5489,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['salthight'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['salthight'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),FOM,1.2,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),efficiency,0.48,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),investment,28160.0,EUR/PKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),FOM,12.4,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),efficiency,0.56,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),investment,122939.0,EUR/LKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,FOM,0.6345,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,efficiency,0.6963,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133) include inverter 0.98 & transformer efficiency 0.98 ","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Electrolyzer']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,investment,347170.8209,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.113 (p.135)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Electrolyzer']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,lifetime,30.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,FOM,0.5812,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,efficiency,0.4869,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133) include inverter 0.98 & transformer efficiency 0.98 ","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Fuel Cell']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,investment,379007.4464,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.113 (p.135)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Fuel Cell']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,lifetime,30.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-store,FOM,0.43,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB =(C38+C39)*0.43/4","{'carrier': ['h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-store,investment,4779.9527,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.113 (p.135)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Cavern Storage']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-store,lifetime,30.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LNG storage tank,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank with comparable requirements.",Currency year and technology year assumed based on publication date.,2019.0 -LNG storage tank,investment,666.634,EUR/m^3,"Hurskainen 2019, https://cris.vtt.fi/en/publications/liquid-organic-hydrogen-carriers-lohc-concept-evaluation-and-tech pg. 46 (59).",Currency year and technology year assumed based on publication date.,2019.0 -LNG storage tank,lifetime,20.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank with comparable requirements.",Currency year and technology year assumed based on publication date.,2019.0 -LOHC chemical,investment,2500.0,EUR/t,"Runge et al 2020, pg.7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC chemical,lifetime,20.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, pg.7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation,investment,53681.4988,EUR/MW_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",per MW H2 (LHV). For a large plant of 1000 MW capacity. Calculated based on base CAPEX of 30 MEUR for 300 t/day capacity and a scale factor of 0.6.,2015.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),FOM,3.0,%/year,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),investment,839000.0,EUR/MW_H2,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",MW of H2 LHV. For a small plant of 0.9 MW capacity.,2020.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),lifetime,20.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,electricity-input,0.004,MWh_el/t_HLOHC,Niermann et al. (2019): (https://doi.org/10.1039/C8EE02700E). 6A .,"Flow in figures shows 0.2 MW for 114 MW_HHV = 96.4326 MW_LHV = 2.89298 t hydrogen. At 5.6 wt-% effective H2 storage for loaded LOHC (H18-DBT, HLOHC), corresponds to 51.6604 t loaded LOHC .", -LOHC hydrogenation,hydrogen-input,1.867,MWh_H2/t_HLOHC,"Runge et al 2020, pg. 7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",Considering 5.6 wt-% H2 in loaded LOHC (HLOHC) and LHV of H2., -LOHC hydrogenation,investment,54243.958,EUR/MW_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",per MW H2 (LHV). For a large plant of 2000 MW capacity. Calculated based on base CAPEX of 40 MEUR for 300 t/day capacity and a scale factor of 0.6.,2015.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,lohc-input,0.944,t_LOHC/t_HLOHC,"Runge et al 2020, pg. 7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514","Loaded LOHC (H18-DBT, HLOHC) has loaded only 5.6%-wt H2 as rate of discharge is kept at ca. 90%.", -LOHC loaded DBT storage,FOM,6.25,%/year,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -LOHC loaded DBT storage,investment,151.5383,EUR/t,"Density via Wissenschaftliche Dienste des Deutschen Bundestages 2020, https://www.bundestag.de/resource/blob/816048/454e182d5956d45a664da9eb85486f76/WD-8-058-20-pdf-data.pdf , pg. 11.","Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared. Density of loaded LOHC H18-DBT is 0.91 t/m^3.",2012.0 -LOHC loaded DBT storage,lifetime,30.0,years,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -LOHC transport ship,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_LOHC,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC unloaded DBT storage,FOM,6.25,%/year,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -LOHC unloaded DBT storage,investment,134.2745,EUR/t,"Density via Wissenschaftliche Dienste des Deutschen Bundestages 2020, https://www.bundestag.de/resource/blob/816048/454e182d5956d45a664da9eb85486f76/WD-8-058-20-pdf-data.pdf , pg. 11.","Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared. Density of loaded LOHC H18-DBT is 0.91 t/m^3, density of unloaded LOHC H0-DBT is 1.04 t/m^3 but unloading is only to 90% (depth-of-discharge), assume density via linearisation of 1.027 t/m^3.",2012.0 -LOHC unloaded DBT storage,lifetime,30.0,years,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,FOM,2.4427,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,efficiency,0.8832,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.78^0.5']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,investment,128853.6139,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-store,FOM,0.2542,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['lead'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-store,investment,320631.3818,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['lead'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-store,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['lead'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),FOM,1.6,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),efficiency,0.215,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),investment,26610.0,EUR/PKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),FOM,15.8,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),efficiency,0.373,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),investment,113629.0,EUR/LKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,FOM,0.366,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,investment,475721.2289,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Figure 9 of reference roughly 80% of capital cost are power related 47%/80% of costs are required for liquefaction (charging)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,FOM,0.5212,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,efficiency,0.55,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE 0.545 assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,investment,334017.033,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, NULL","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-store,FOM,0.3208,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['lair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-store,investment,159004.771,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['lair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Liquid Air SB and BOS']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['lair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,FOM,2.1198,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,efficiency,0.9193,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.8452^0.5']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,investment,81553.4846,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,lifetime,16.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-store,FOM,0.0447,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['lfp'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-store,investment,236482.8109,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['lfp'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-store,lifetime,16.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['lfp'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,FOM,2.1198,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,efficiency,0.9193,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.8452^0.5']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,investment,81553.4846,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,lifetime,13.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-store,FOM,0.038,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['nmc'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-store,investment,269576.8493,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['nmc'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-store,lifetime,13.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['nmc'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,investment,144192.2682,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,efficiency,0.5394,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,investment,576769.073,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-store,investment,58041.2003,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_MeOH,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",,2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,investment,18016.8665,EUR/MW_H2,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.","For high temperature steam reforming plant with a capacity of 200 MW_H2 output (6t/h). Reference plant of 1 MW (30kg_H2/h) costs 150kEUR, scale factor of 0.6 assumed.",2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",,2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,methanol-input,1.201,MWh_MeOH/MWh_H2,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",Assuming per 1 t_H2 (with LHV 33.3333 MWh/t): 4.5 MWh_th and 3.2 MWh_el are required. We assume electricity can be substituted / provided with 1:1 as heat energy., -NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank.",,2010.0 -NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,investment,166.8201,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Calculated based on Morgan E. 2013: doi:10.7275/11KT-3F59 , Fig. 55, Fig 58.","Based on estimated for a double-wall liquid ammonia tank (~ambient pressure, -33°C), inner tank from stainless steel, outer tank from concrete including installations for liquefaction/condensation, boil-off gas recovery and safety installations; the necessary installations make only a small fraction of the total cost. The total cost are driven by material and working time on the tanks. -While the costs do not scale strictly linearly, we here assume they do (good approximation c.f. ref. Fig 55.) and take the costs for a 9 kt NH3 (l) tank = 8 M$2010, which is smaller 4-5x smaller than the largest deployed tanks today. -We assume an exchange rate of 1.17$ to 1 €. -The investment value is given per MWh NH3 store capacity, using the LHV of NH3 of 5.18 MWh/t.",2010.0 -NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,lifetime,20.0,years,"Morgan E. 2013: doi:10.7275/11KT-3F59 , pg. 290",,2010.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B",,2019.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,capacity,53000.0,t_NH3,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B",,2019.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,investment,81164200.0,EUR,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B",,2019.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,lifetime,20.0,years,"Guess estimated based on H2 (l) tanker, but more mature technology",,2019.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,FOM,2.1198,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['((0.75-0.87)/2)^0.5 mean value of range efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,investment,81553.4846,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) same as Li-LFP","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-store,FOM,0.2262,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-store,investment,267837.874,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-store,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -OCGT,FOM,1.7964,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -OCGT,VOM,4.762,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Variable O&M,2015.0 -OCGT,efficiency,0.425,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","52 OCGT - Natural gas: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -OCGT,investment,442.0086,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 -OCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -PEM electrolyzer small size,FOM,3.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW,2010.0 -PEM electrolyzer small size,electricity-input,1.27,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW, -PEM electrolyzer small size,investment,1080.5384,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW,2010.0 -PEM electrolyzer small size,lifetime,8.5,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`","Likely stack lifetime, rather than electrolyzer system lifetime", -PHS,FOM,1.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -PHS,efficiency,0.75,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -PHS,investment,2274.8177,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 -PHS,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,FOM,0.366,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Charger']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,investment,761782.6727,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Figure 9 of reference roughly 80% of capital cost are power related 47%/80% of costs are required for liquefaction (charging)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,lifetime,33.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,FOM,0.5212,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,efficiency,0.63,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE 0.62 assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,investment,534868.6851,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, NULL","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,lifetime,33.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-store,FOM,0.1528,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.103 (p.125)","{'carrier': ['phes'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-store,investment,11546.7963,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.92 (p.114)","{'carrier': ['phes'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Molten Salt based SB and BOS']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-store,lifetime,33.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['phes'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,FOM,0.9951,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, Figure 4.16","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,efficiency,0.8944,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.8^0.5']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,investment,1397128.4612,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Powerhouse Construction & Infrastructure']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-store,FOM,0.43,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['phs'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-store,investment,57074.0625,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['phs'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Reservoir Construction & Infrastructure']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['phs'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -SMR,FOM,5.0,%/year,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR,efficiency,0.76,per unit (in LHV),"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SMR,investment,522201.0492,EUR/MW_CH4,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR,lifetime,30.0,years,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SMR CC,FOM,5.0,%/year,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR CC,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",wide range: capture rates between 54%-90%, -SMR CC,efficiency,0.69,per unit (in LHV),"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SMR CC,investment,605753.2171,EUR/MW_CH4,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR CC,lifetime,30.0,years,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SOEC,FOM,4.0,%/year,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,US-based assumptions for a Conservative cost scenario,2022.0 -SOEC,electricity-input,1.13,MWh_el/MWh_H2,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,, -SOEC,investment,2082.0207,USD/kW,"ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions, https://theicct.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/fuels-eu-cost-renew-H-produced-onsite-H-refueling-stations-europe-feb22.pdf adjusted according to DOE observations https://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/docs/hydrogenprogramlibraries/pdfs/24005-clean-hydrogen-production-cost-pem-electrolyzer.pdf?sfvrsn=8cb10889_1#:~:text=This%20Record%20shows%20that%20the,factors%20of%2050%2D75%25",US-based assumptions for a Conservative cost scenario,2022.0 -SOEC,lifetime,30.0,years,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,, -Sand-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Sand-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Sand-charger,investment,144192.2682,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Sand-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,efficiency,0.53,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,investment,576769.073,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Sand-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['sand'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Sand-store,investment,6700.8517,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.100 (p.122)","{'carrier': ['sand'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -Sand-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['sand'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Steam methane reforming,FOM,3.0,%/year,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW).,2015.0 -Steam methane reforming,investment,497454.611,EUR/MW_H2,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW). Currency conversion 1.17 USD = 1 EUR.,2015.0 -Steam methane reforming,lifetime,30.0,years,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW).,2015.0 -Steam methane reforming,methane-input,1.483,MWh_CH4/MWh_H2,"Keipi et al (2018): Economic analysis of hydrogen production by methane thermal decomposition (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2017.12.063), table 2.","Large scale SMR plant producing 2.5 kg/s H2 output (assuming 33.3333 MWh/t H2 LHV), with 6.9 kg/s CH4 input (feedstock) and 2 kg/s CH4 input (energy). Neglecting water consumption.", -"Tank&bulk, diesel",efficiency,0.462,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, diesel",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, diesel",investment,35129312.4041,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, diesel",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, diesel",lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, diesel",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, methanol",efficiency,0.4695,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, methanol",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, methanol",investment,35129312.4041,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, methanol",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, methanol",lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, methanol",2023.0 -"Tankbulk, ammonia",efficiency,0.471,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tankbulk, ammonia",2023.0 -"Tankbulk, ammonia",investment,35129312.4041,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tankbulk, ammonia",2023.0 -"Tankbulk, ammonia",lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tankbulk, ammonia",2023.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,FOM,2.4395,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,efficiency,0.8062,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.65^0.5']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,investment,129023.0526,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-store,FOM,0.2345,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['vanadium'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-store,investment,258072.8586,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['vanadium'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-store,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['vanadium'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,FOM,2.4395,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,efficiency,0.7937,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.25 ","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['(0.63)^0.5 efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,investment,129023.0526,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,lifetime,25.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-store,FOM,0.1654,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-store,investment,174388.0144,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.48 (p.70) text below Table 4.12","{'carrier': ['znair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-store,lifetime,25.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['znair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,FOM,2.1198,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,efficiency,0.8307,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.25 ","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['(0.69)^0.5 efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,investment,81553.4846,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,lifetime,10.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.27","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-store,FOM,0.2576,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znbrflow'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-store,investment,412306.5947,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['znbrflow'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-store,lifetime,10.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.27","{'carrier': ['znbrflow'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,FOM,2.4395,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,efficiency,0.8888,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.25","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': [' (0.79)^0.5 efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,investment,129023.0526,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,FOM,0.2244,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,investment,239220.5823,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -air separation unit,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -air separation unit,electricity-input,0.25,MWh_el/t_N2,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), p.288.","For consistency reasons use value from Danish Energy Agency. DEA also reports range of values (0.2-0.4 MWh/t_N2) on pg. 288. Other efficienices reported are even higher, e.g. 0.11 Mwh/t_N2 from Morgan (2013): Techno-Economic Feasibility Study of Ammonia Plants Powered by Offshore Wind .", -air separation unit,investment,592917.0978,EUR/t_N2/h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 -air separation unit,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -allam,VOM,2.0,EUR/MWh,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -allam,efficiency,0.6,p.u.,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -allam,investment,1500.0,EUR/kW,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -allam,lifetime,30.0,years,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,FOM,5.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.99,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",CO2 volume captured / (Stream flowrate * Max. capacity utilization * CO2 in exhaust * 8760),2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.1,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,investment,929753.03,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 41 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 389000 t/year",2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -battery inverter,FOM,0.675,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -battery inverter,efficiency,0.96,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2020.0 -battery inverter,investment,85.072,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2020.0 -battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -battery storage,investment,89.8573,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2020.0 -battery storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,FOM,3.381,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,VOM,823.497,EUR/MWh_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-biochar,0.404,MWh_biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency biochar",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.4848,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency heat",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,investment,135104.97,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.0582,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0 -biodiesel crops,fuel,134.6872,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIORPS1 (rape seed), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -bioethanol crops,CO2 intensity,0.1289,tCO2/MWh_th,,"CO2 released during fermentation of bioethanol crops, based on stochiometric composition: C6H12O6 -> 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2 , i.e. 1 kg ethanol → ~0.956 kg CO₂ (from fermentation) → 0.1289 tCO₂/MWh (with LHV = 26.7 MJ/kg).", -bioethanol crops,fuel,87.9862,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOCRP11 (Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -biogas,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 -biogas,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biogas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, -biogas,fuel,62.4351,EUR/MWhth,JRC and Zappa, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biogas,investment,894.8011,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 -biogas,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biogas CC,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas CC,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 -biogas CC,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biogas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, -biogas CC,investment,894.8011,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 -biogas CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biogas manure,fuel,19.9144,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOGAS1 (manure), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,VOM,2.6798,EUR/MWh_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Variable O&M,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,investment,562.7513,EUR/kW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Specific investment,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -biogas upgrading,FOM,17.4434,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Fixed O&M ",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,VOM,2.8874,EUR/MWh output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Variable O&M",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,investment,130.7968,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: investment (upgrading, methane redution and grid injection)",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biomass,FOM,4.5269,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,efficiency,0.468,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,fuel,7.4076,EUR/MWhth,IEA2011b, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,investment,2337.6116,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,lifetime,30.0,years,ECF2010 in DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass CHP,FOM,3.549,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass CHP,VOM,2.222,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -biomass CHP,c_b,0.4564,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -biomass CHP,efficiency,0.3003,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7083,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass CHP,investment,3160.6449,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,capture_rate,0.95,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-electricity-input,0.075,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-heat-output,0.13,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,electricity-input,0.0215,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-input,0.66,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-output,0.66,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,investment,2200000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass EOP,FOM,3.549,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass EOP,VOM,2.222,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -biomass EOP,c_b,0.4564,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -biomass EOP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -biomass EOP,efficiency,0.3003,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass EOP,efficiency-heat,0.7083,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass EOP,investment,3160.6449,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -biomass EOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass HOP,FOM,5.7111,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Fixed O&M, heat output",2015.0 -biomass HOP,VOM,3.2118,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Variable O&M heat output,2015.0 -biomass HOP,efficiency,0.2806,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass HOP,investment,818.0661,EUR/kW_th - heat output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Nominal investment ,2015.0 -biomass HOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -biomass boiler,FOM,7.5261,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass boiler,efficiency,0.875,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -biomass boiler,investment,637.9448,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Specific investment",2015.0 -biomass boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass boiler,pelletizing cost,9.0,EUR/MWh_pellets,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.109506,,2019.0 -biomass-to-methanol,C in fuel,0.4332,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,C stored,0.5668,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,CO2 stored,0.2078,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,FOM,2.1583,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,VOM,14.4653,EUR/MWh_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Variable O&M,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency,0.64,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Methanol Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-electricity,0.02,MWh_e/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Electricity Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-heat,0.22,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: District heat Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,investment,1904.4308,EUR/kW_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Specific investment,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,FOM,14.18,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",123.67 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘BF-BOF’.,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,coal-input,1.43,MWh_coal/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15). ","Based on process ‘Avg BF-BOF` using 195 kg_PCI/t_HM (PCI = Pulverized Coal Injected; HM = Hot Metal) as substitute for coke, 24 MJ/kg as LHV for coal and 1 : 1.1 as HM-to-steel ratio.",2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15).",,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,investment,7637406.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",871.85 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘Avg BF-BOF’.,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15).",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,ore-input,1.539,t_ore/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",Based on process ‘Avg BF-BOF`,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,scrap-input,0.051,t_scrap/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",Based on process ‘Avg BF-BOF`,2020.0 -cement capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,capture_rate,0.95,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,compression-electricity-input,0.075,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,compression-heat-output,0.13,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,electricity-input,0.019,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,heat-input,0.66,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,heat-output,1.48,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,investment,2000000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,FOM,7.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",CO2 volume captured / (Stream flowrate * Max. capacity utilization * CO2 in exhaust * 8760),2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,investment,2587727.173,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 247 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 842000 t/year",2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement dry clinker,FOM,4.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,VOM,5.2911,EUR/t_clinker,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,electricity-input,0.0694,MWh_el/t_clinker,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original values 0.25 PJ per Mt clinker,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,gas-input,0.0002,MWh_NG/t_clinker,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original values 0.0058 PJ per Mt clinker,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,heat-input,0.9444,MWh_th/t_CO2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original values 3.4 PJ per Mt clinker,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,investment,1158752.6816,EUR/t_clinker/h,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original value 125 EUR/t/year,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,lifetime,30.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement finishing,FOM,30.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement finishing,VOM,3.1747,EUR/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement finishing,clinker-input,0.656,t_cl/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND_Trans.xlsx`, Sheet `IND_Trans` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer),2015.0 -cement finishing,electricity-input,0.1736,MWh_el/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND_Trans.xlsx`, Sheet `IND_Trans` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer) with original value 0.6251 PJ per Mt cement.,2015.0 -cement finishing,investment,92700.2145,EUR/t_cement/h,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original value 10 EUR/t/year,2015.0 -cement finishing,lifetime,25.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer),2015.0 -cement finishing,slag-input,0.194,t_slag/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND_Trans.xlsx`, Sheet `IND_Trans` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer),2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.2336,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.5715,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Total efficiency, net, name plate",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,investment,906.0988,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central coal CHP,FOM,1.6316,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central coal CHP,VOM,2.9122,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central coal CHP,c_b,1.01,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -central coal CHP,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cv coefficient,2015.0 -central coal CHP,efficiency,0.5312,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","01 Coal CHP: Electricity efficiency, condensation mode, net",2015.0 -central coal CHP,investment,1907.9996,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central coal CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.3504,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,efficiency,5.45,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,investment,604.0659,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas CHP,FOM,3.4245,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP,VOM,4.2858,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP,c_b,1.0,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central gas CHP,c_v,0.17,per unit,DEA (loss of fuel for additional heat), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central gas CHP,efficiency,0.425,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central gas CHP,investment,560.8575,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central gas CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,FOM,3.4245,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,VOM,4.2858,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,c_b,1.0,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,efficiency,0.425,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,investment,560.8575,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas boiler,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central gas boiler,VOM,1.0582,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central gas boiler,efficiency,1.04,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","44 Natural Gas DH Only: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central gas boiler,investment,52.9111,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central gas boiler,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,FOM,0.847,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,VOM,4.7107,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,investment,2679.7999,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.426,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.4654,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,1.745,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,investment,496.8668,EUR/kW_th excluding drive energy,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,investment,925.9439,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central resistive heater,FOM,1.575,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central resistive heater,VOM,1.0582,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central resistive heater,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","41 Electric Boilers: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central resistive heater,investment,63.4933,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Nominal investment; 10/15 kV; >10 MW,2015.0 -central resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central solar thermal,FOM,1.4,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solar thermal,investment,148151.0278,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,FOM,2.8555,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,VOM,4.9173,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,c_b,0.3444,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency,0.2664,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.8282,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,investment,3390.8967,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,FOM,2.8555,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,VOM,4.9173,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_b,0.3444,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency,0.2664,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.8282,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,investment,4836.5672,EUR/kW_e,Combination of central solid biomass CHP CC and solid biomass boiler steam,,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,FOM,2.8555,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,VOM,4.9173,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_b,0.3444,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency,0.2664,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency-heat,0.8282,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,investment,3390.8967,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central water pit charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2020.0 -central water pit discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2020.0 -central water pit storage,Bottom storage temperature,35.0,⁰C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Typical bottom storage temperature,2020.0 -central water pit storage,FOM,0.2544,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -central water pit storage,Top storage temperature,90.0,⁰C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Typical max. storage temperature,2020.0 -central water pit storage,energy to power ratio,22.5,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2020.0 -central water pit storage,investment,0.9826,EUR/kWh Capacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Specific investment,2020.0 -central water pit storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -central water pit storage,standing losses,0.0078,%/hour,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Energy losses during storage,2020.0 -central water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2020.0 -central water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2020.0 -central water tank storage,FOM,1.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central water tank storage,energy to power ratio,60.3448,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2020.0 -central water tank storage,investment,3.0361,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Specific investment,2020.0 -central water tank storage,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -central water tank storage,standing losses,0.0077,%/hour,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Energy losses during storage,2020.0 -central water tank storage,temperature difference,55.0,"hot/cold, K","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Typical temperature difference,2020.0 -clean water tank storage,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0 -clean water tank storage,investment,69.1286,EUR/m^3-H2O,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0 -clean water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",, -coal,CO2 intensity,0.3361,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid-Emissionen des deutschen Strommix in den Jahren 1990 - 2018,, -coal,FOM,1.31,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100.",2023.0 -coal,VOM,3.2612,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3+5.5)USD/MWh_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR).",2023.0 -coal,efficiency,0.356,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. 1 / ((8.75+12) MMbtu/MWh_th /2 / (3.4095 MMbtu/MWh_th)), rounded up.",2023.0 -coal,fuel,9.5542,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on IEA 2011 data, 99 USD/t.",2010.0 -coal,investment,3827.1629,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Higher costs include coal plants with CCS, but since using here for calculating the average nevertheless. Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3200+6775) USD/kW_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR).",2023.0 -coal,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 -csp-tower,FOM,1.35,%/year,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power),Ratio between CAPEX and FOM from ATB database for “moderate” scenario.,2020.0 -csp-tower,investment,99.675,"EUR/kW_th,dp",ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include solar field and solar tower as well as EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant). Total costs (223,708,924 USD) are divided by active area (heliostat reflective area, 1,269,054 m2) and multiplied by design point DNI (0.95 kW/m2) to obtain EUR/kW_th. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR.",2020.0 -csp-tower,lifetime,30.0,years,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power),-,2020.0 -csp-tower TES,FOM,1.35,%/year,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -csp-tower TES,investment,13.355,EUR/kWh_th,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include the TES incl. EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant, 2.791 MW_th TES). Total costs (69390776.7 USD) are divided by TES size to obtain EUR/kW_th. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR.",2020.0 -csp-tower TES,lifetime,30.0,years,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -csp-tower power block,FOM,1.35,%/year,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -csp-tower power block,investment,698.27,EUR/kW_e,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include the power cycle incl. BOP and EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant). Total costs (135185685.5 USD) are divided by power block nameplate capacity size to obtain EUR/kW_e. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR.",2020.0 -csp-tower power block,lifetime,30.0,years,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -decentral CHP,FOM,3.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral CHP,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral CHP,investment,1481.5103,EUR/kWel,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,FOM,3.1033,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.75,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.3 Air to water existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,828.0584,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,18.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,FOM,6.7194,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,efficiency,0.9875,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","202 Natural gas boiler: Total efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,investment,291.6319,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler connection,investment,182.2699,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Possible additional specific investment,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler connection,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,1.9426,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,4.0125,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.7 Ground source existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,1322.777,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,FOM,2.0,%/year,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,investment,165.0975,EUR/kWth,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf) (+eigene Berechnung), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,FOM,2.0,%/year,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,investment,105.8222,EUR/kWhth,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,FOM,1.3,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,investment,285719.8393,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2020.0 -decentral water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,FOM,1.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,VOM,1.2289,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Variable O&M,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,energy to power ratio,0.15,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,investment,419.8622,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Specific investment,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,standing losses,2.1,%/hour,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Energy losses during storage,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,temperature difference,30.0,"hot/cold, K","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Typical temperature difference,2020.0 -digestible biomass,fuel,17.0611,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOAGRW1, ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0 -digestible biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -digestible biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -digestible biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.39,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, -digestible biomass to hydrogen,investment,2913.0196,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -direct air capture,FOM,4.95,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,compression-electricity-input,0.15,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,compression-heat-output,0.2,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,electricity-input,0.4,MWh_el/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","0.4 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 0.182 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019). Should already include electricity for water scrubbing and compression (high quality CO2 output).",2020.0 -direct air capture,heat-input,1.6,MWh_th/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","Thermal energy demand. Provided via air-sourced heat pumps. 1.6 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 1.102 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019).",2020.0 -direct air capture,heat-output,0.75,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,investment,4500000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct firing gas,FOM,1.0909,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas,VOM,0.282,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing gas,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing gas,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,FOM,1.0909,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,VOM,0.282,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,FOM,1.4318,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,VOM,0.3351,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,FOM,1.4318,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,VOM,0.3351,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Based on https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/capesize-freight-returns-below-operating-expense-levels-but-shipowners-reject-lay-ups/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","5000 USD/d OPEX, exchange rate: 1.15 USD = 1 EUR; absolute value calculate relative to investment cost.",2020.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,capacity,180000.0,t,-,"DWT; corresponds to size of Capesize bulk carriers which have previously docked at the habour in Hamburg, Germany. Short of 200 kt limit for VLBCs.",2020.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,investment,40000000.0,EUR,"Based on https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/dry-bulk-carriers-in-high-demand-as-rates-keep-rallying/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","See figure for ‘Dry Bulk Newbuild Prices’, Capesize at end of 2020. Exchange rate: 1.15 USD = 1 EUR.",2020.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,lifetime,25.0,years,"Based on https://mfame.guru/fall-life-expectancy-bulk-carriers/, accessed: 2022-12-03.",Expected lifetime.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,FOM,30.0,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","EAF has high OPEX of 62.99 EUR/year/t_steel, presumably because of electrode corrosion.",2020.0 -electric arc furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,electricity-input,0.6395,MWh_el/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘EAF’. ,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,hbi-input,1.0,t_hbi/t_steel,-,Assume HBI instead of scrap as input.Scrap would require higher input (in tonnes) as steel content is lower.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,investment,1839600.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",210 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘EAF’.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,FOM,30.0,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","EAF has high OPEX of 62.99 EUR/year/t_steel, presumably because of electrode corrosion.",2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,electricity-input,0.6395,MWh_el/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘EAF’. ,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,hbi-input,0.37,t_hbi/t_steel,"World Steel Association, Fact Sheet – Steel and raw materials: https://worldsteel.org/wp-content/uploads/Fact-sheet-raw-materials-2023-1.pdf, Accessed 2024-04-17.",Assume HBI instead of scrap as input.Scrap would require higher input (in tonnes) as steel content is lower.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,investment,1839600.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",210 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘EAF’.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,scrap-input,0.71,t_scrap/t_steel,"World Steel Association, Fact Sheet – Steel and raw materials: https://worldsteel.org/wp-content/uploads/Fact-sheet-raw-materials-2023-1.pdf, Accessed 2024-04-17.",,2020.0 -electric boiler steam,FOM,1.35,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Fixed O&M,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,VOM,0.7855,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Variable O&M,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","310.1 Electric boiler steam : Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -electric boiler steam,investment,70.49,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Nominal investment,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Technical lifetime,2019.0 -electric steam cracker,FOM,3.0,%/year,Guesstimate,,2015.0 -electric steam cracker,VOM,190.4799,EUR/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",,2015.0 -electric steam cracker,carbondioxide-output,0.55,t_CO2/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), ",The report also references another source with 0.76 t_CO2/t_HVC, -electric steam cracker,electricity-input,2.7,MWh_el/t_HVC,"Lechtenböhmer et al. (2016): 10.1016/j.energy.2016.07.110, Section 4.3, page 6.",Assuming electrified processing., -electric steam cracker,investment,11124025.7434,EUR/(t_HVC/h),"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",Assuming CAPEX of 1200 €/t actually given in €/(t/a).,2015.0 -electric steam cracker,lifetime,30.0,years,Guesstimate,, -electric steam cracker,naphtha-input,14.8,MWh_naphtha/t_HVC,"Lechtenböhmer et al. (2016): 10.1016/j.energy.2016.07.110, Section 4.3, page 6.",, -electricity distribution grid,FOM,2.0,%/year,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity distribution grid,investment,529.1108,EUR/kW,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity distribution grid,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity grid connection,FOM,2.0,%/year,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity grid connection,investment,148.151,EUR/kW,DEA, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity grid connection,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electrobiofuels,C in fuel,0.9304,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,FOM,2.9164,%/year,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2015.0 -electrobiofuels,VOM,3.0103,EUR/MWh_th,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2017.0 -electrobiofuels,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -electrobiofuels,efficiency-biomass,1.3267,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,efficiency-hydrogen,1.2754,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,efficiency-tot,0.6503,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,investment,356768.6132,EUR/kW_th,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2017.0 -electrolysis,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 -electrolysis,efficiency,0.6763,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 -electrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.1571,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 -electrolysis,investment,1100.0,EUR/kW_e,private communications; IEA https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/9e0c82d4-06d2-496b-9542-f184ba803645/TheRoleofE-fuelsinDecarbonisingTransport.pdf,,2020.0 -electrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -electrolysis small,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 -electrolysis small,efficiency,0.6763,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 -electrolysis small,efficiency-heat,0.1571,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 -electrolysis small,investment,575.0,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Specific investment,2020.0 -electrolysis small,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Technical lifetime of plant,2020.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,FOM,7.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.94,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.12,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,investment,928559.735,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 36 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 342000 t/year",2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol from starch crop,FOM,16.4,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original values FIXOM in MEUR/GW divided by INVCOST for the corresponding year",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,VOM,26.3497,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value 6.93 MEUR/PJ VAROM",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,efficiency,0.58,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production. Converted from 0.35 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,investment,603376.8073,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for USA and European production,2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,FOM,19.51,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original values FIXOM in MEUR/GW divided by INVCOST for the corresponding year",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,VOM,23.1751,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production, original value 6.09 MEUR/PJ VAROM",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,efficiency,0.45,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production. Converted from 0.292 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,investment,446537.78,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for Brazilian production,2015.0 -fuel cell,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -fuel cell,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -fuel cell,investment,925.9439,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -fuelwood,fuel,12.5949,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOO (FuelwoodRW), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -gas,CO2 intensity,0.198,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 50 GJ/t CH4,, -gas,fuel,24.568,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -gas boiler steam,FOM,3.85,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,VOM,1.007,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.935,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -gas boiler steam,investment,45.7727,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -gas storage,FOM,0.5368,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",150 Underground Storage of Gas: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -gas storage,investment,0.2366,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",150 Underground Storage of Gas: Specific investment,2020.0 -gas storage,lifetime,100.0,years,TODO no source,"150 Underground Storage of Gas: estimation: most underground storage are already built, they do have a long lifetime",2020.0 -gas storage charger,investment,15.2479,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",,2020.0 -gas storage discharger,investment,5.0826,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",,2020.0 -geothermal,CO2 intensity,0.12,tCO2/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",Likely to be improved; Average of 85 percent of global egs power plant capacity; Result of fluid circulation through rock formations,2020.0 -geothermal,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",See Supplemental Material of source for details,2020.0 -geothermal,district heat surcharge,25.0,%,Frey et al. 2022: Techno-Economic Assessment of Geothermal Resources in the Variscan Basement of the Northern Upper Rhine Graben,"If capital cost of electric generation from EGS is 100%, district heating adds additional 25%. Costs incurred by piping.",2020.0 -geothermal,district heat-input,0.8,MWh_thdh/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, District Heat-output. This is an assessment of typical heat losses when heat is transmitted from the EGS plant to the DH network, This is a rough estimate, depends on local conditions",2020.0 -geothermal,lifetime,30.0,years,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",,2020.0 -helmeth,FOM,3.0,%/year,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -helmeth,efficiency,0.8,per unit,HELMETH press release, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -helmeth,investment,2116.4433,EUR/kW,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -helmeth,lifetime,25.0,years,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -home battery inverter,FOM,0.675,%/year,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -home battery inverter,efficiency,0.96,per unit,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2020.0 -home battery inverter,investment,123.2453,EUR/kW,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2020.0 -home battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -home battery storage,investment,130.4403,EUR/kWh,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2020.0 -home battery storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -hydro,FOM,1.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -hydro,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -hydro,investment,2274.8177,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 -hydro,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,FOM,11.3,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","55.28 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ OPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15).",,2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,electricity-input,1.03,MWh_el/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ reduced by electricity demand of process ‘EAF’.,2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,hydrogen-input,2.1,MWh_H2/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2022-12-05). ","63 kg H2/t steel for process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ according to documentation (raw input files for MPP model list 73 kg H2 / t steel, which seems to high and is probably incorrect).",2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,investment,4277858.0,EUR/t_HBI/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","488.34 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ CAPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,ore-input,1.59,t_ore/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03). ",Based on process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’.,2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,compression-electricity-input,0.05,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.",1.707 kWh/kg.,2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,investment,87.69,EUR/kW_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.","2923 EUR/kg_H2. For a 206 kg/h compressor. Base CAPEX 40 528 EUR/kW_el with scale factor 0.4603. kg_H2 converted to MWh using LHV. Pressure range: 30 bar in, 250 bar out.",2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,lifetime,15.0,years,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,investment,13.5,EUR/kWh_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.","450 EUR/kg_H2 converted with LHV to MWh. For a type 1 hydrogen storage tank (steel, 15-250 bar). Currency year assumed 2020 for initial publication of reference; observe note in SI.4.3 that no currency year is explicitly stated in the reference.",2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,lifetime,20.0,years,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,min_fill_level,6.0,%,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,FOM,1.873,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,investment,25.5484,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Specific investment,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,FOM,0.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,VOM,0.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Variable O&M,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,investment,1.4356,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Specific investment,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,lifetime,100.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,FOM,0.0886,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,VOM,3.1922,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Variable O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,efficiency,3.175,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,investment,864.006,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Nominal investment,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,FOM,0.1063,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,VOM,3.1922,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Variable O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,efficiency,2.825,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,investment,720.005,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -iron ore DRI-ready,commodity,97.73,EUR/t,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://missionpossiblepartnership.org/action-sectors/steel/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","DRI ready assumes 65% iron content, requiring no additional benefication.",2020.0 -iron-air battery,FOM,1.1808,%/year,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery,investment,11.1494,EUR/kWh,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery,lifetime,17.5,years,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery charge,efficiency,0.74,per unit,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery discharge,efficiency,0.63,per unit,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -lignite,CO2 intensity,0.4069,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid-Emissionen des deutschen Strommix in den Jahren 1990 - 2018,, -lignite,FOM,1.31,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,VOM,3.2612,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3+5.5)USD/MWh_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR). Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,efficiency,0.33,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. 1 / ((8.75+12) MMbtu/MWh_th /2 / (3.4095 MMbtu/MWh_th)), rounded up. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,fuel,3.2985,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on IEA 2011 data, 10 USD/t.",2010.0 -lignite,investment,3827.1629,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Higher costs include coal plants with CCS, but since using here for calculating the average nevertheless. Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3200+6775) USD/kW_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR). Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf .",2023.0 -lignite,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -methanation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.2.3.1",,2017.0 -methanation,carbondioxide-input,0.198,t_CO2/MWh_CH4,"Götz et al. (2016): Renewable Power-to-Gas: A technological and economic review (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2015.07.066), Fig. 11 .",Additional H2 required for methanation process (2x H2 amount compared to stochiometric conversion)., -methanation,efficiency,0.8,per unit,Palzer and Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -methanation,hydrogen-input,1.282,MWh_H2/MWh_CH4,,Based on ideal conversion process of stochiometric composition (1 t CH4 contains 750 kg of carbon)., -methanation,investment,559.7588,EUR/kW_CH4,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 6: “Reference scenario”.",,2017.0 -methanation,lifetime,20.0,years,Guesstimate.,"Based on lifetime for methanolisation, Fischer-Tropsch plants.",2017.0 -methane storage tank incl. compressor,FOM,1.9,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor by DEA.",Based on assumptions for hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor (by DEA).,2014.0 -methane storage tank incl. compressor,investment,8961.5075,EUR/m^3,Storage costs per l: https://www.compositesworld.com/articles/pressure-vessels-for-alternative-fuels-2014-2023 (2021-02-10).,"Assume 5USD/l (= 4.23 EUR/l at 1.17 USD/EUR exchange rate) for type 1 pressure vessel for 200 bar storage and 100% surplus costs for including compressor costs with storage, based on similar assumptions by DEA for compressed hydrogen storage tanks.",2014.0 -methane storage tank incl. compressor,lifetime,30.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor by DEA.",Based on assumptions for hydrogen storage tank 1 including compressor (by DEA).,2014.0 -methanol,CO2 intensity,0.2482,tCO2/MWh_th,,, -methanol-to-kerosene,FOM,4.5,%/year,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",,2020.0 -methanol-to-kerosene,VOM,1.35,EUR/MWh_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",,2020.0 -methanol-to-kerosene,hydrogen-input,0.0279,MWh_H2/MWh_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 6.","Assuming LHV 11.94 kWh/kg for kerosene, 5.54 kWh/kg for methanol, 33.3 kWh/kg for hydrogen.", -methanol-to-kerosene,investment,217250.0,EUR/MW_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",,2020.0 -methanol-to-kerosene,lifetime,30.0,years,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",, -methanol-to-kerosene,methanol-input,1.0764,MWh_MeOH/MWh_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 6.","Assuming LHV 11.94 kWh/kg for kerosene, 5.54 kWh/kg for methanol, 33.3 kWh/kg for hydrogen.", -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,FOM,3.0,%/year,Guesstimate,same as steam cracker,2015.0 -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,VOM,31.7466,EUR/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35", ,2015.0 -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,carbondioxide-output,0.6107,t_CO2/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Sections 4.5 (for ethylene and propylene) and 4.6 (for BTX)","Weighted average: 0.4 t_MeOH/t_ethylene+propylene for 21.7 Mt of ethylene and 17 Mt of propylene, 1.13 t_CO2/t_BTX for 15.7 Mt of BTX. The report also references process emissions of 0.55 t_MeOH/t_ethylene+propylene elsewhere. ", -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,electricity-input,1.3889,MWh_el/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), page 69",5 GJ/t_HVC , -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,investment,2781006.4359,EUR/(t_HVC/h),"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",Assuming CAPEX of 1200 €/t actually given in €/(t/a).,2015.0 -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,lifetime,30.0,years,Guesstimate,same as steam cracker, -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,methanol-input,18.03,MWh_MeOH/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Sections 4.5 (for ethylene and propylene) and 4.6 (for BTX)","Weighted average: 2.83 t_MeOH/t_ethylene+propylene for 21.7 Mt of ethylene and 17 Mt of propylene, 4.2 t_MeOH/t_BTX for 15.7 Mt of BTX. Assuming 5.54 MWh_MeOH/t_MeOH. ", -methanolisation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.1.",,2017.0 -methanolisation,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -methanolisation,carbondioxide-input,0.248,t_CO2/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 66.",, -methanolisation,electricity-input,0.271,MWh_e/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 65.",, -methanolisation,heat-output,0.1,MWh_th/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 65.",steam generation of 2 GJ/t_MeOH, -methanolisation,hydrogen-input,1.138,MWh_H2/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 64.",189 kg_H2 per t_MeOH, -methanolisation,investment,565735.7731,EUR/MW_MeOH,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 8: “Reference scenario”.","Well developed technology, no significant learning expected.",2017.0 -methanolisation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (04/2022), Data sheet “Methanol to Power”.",,2017.0 -micro CHP,FOM,6.3333,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -micro CHP,efficiency,0.351,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Electric efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -micro CHP,efficiency-heat,0.609,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -micro CHP,investment,6534.7606,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 -micro CHP,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,FOM,11.3,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,gas-input,2.78,MWh_NG/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",Original value 10 GJ/t_DRI.,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,investment,4277858.0,EUR/t_HBI/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.","488.34 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ CAPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,ore-input,1.59,t_ore/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",, -nuclear,FOM,1.27,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (131.5+152.75)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) relative to investment costs.",2023.0 -nuclear,VOM,3.5464,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (4.25+5)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 -nuclear,efficiency,0.326,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on heat rate of 10.45 MMBtu/MWh_e and 3.4095 MMBtu/MWh_th, i.e. 1/(10.45/3.4095) = 0.3260.",2023.0 -nuclear,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -nuclear,investment,8594.1354,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (8475+13925)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 -nuclear,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 -offwind,FOM,2.1709,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Fixed O&M [EUR/MW_e/y, 2020]",2020.0 -offwind,VOM,0.0212,EUR/MWhel,RES costs made up to fix curtailment order, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind,investment,1543.1486,"EUR/kW_e, 2020","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Nominal investment [MEUR/MW_e, 2020] grid connection costs subtracted from investment costs",2020.0 -offwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2841.3251,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,1420.1334,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-ac-station,investment,264.5554,EUR/kWel,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2116.4433,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,1058.2216,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017; average + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-station,investment,423.2887,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017; assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-float,FOM,1.305,%/year,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0 -offwind-float,investment,1770.0,EUR/kWel,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0 -offwind-float,lifetime,20.0,years,C. Maienza 2020 A life cycle cost model for floating offshore wind farms,,2020.0 -offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2118.5597,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf,,2014.0 -offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,1039.4778,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017, average + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 -offwind-float-station,investment,415.7911,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017, assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 -oil,CO2 intensity,0.2571,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 44 GJ/t diesel and -CH2- approximation of diesel,, -oil,FOM,2.4231,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -oil,VOM,6.3493,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0 -oil,efficiency,0.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","50 Diesel engine farm: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -oil,fuel,52.9111,EUR/MWhth,IEA WEM2017 97USD/boe = http://www.iea.org/media/weowebsite/2017/WEM_Documentation_WEO2017.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -oil,investment,357.4144,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Specific investment,2015.0 -oil,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -onwind,FOM,1.1817,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -onwind,VOM,1.3,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Variable O&M,2015.0 -onwind,investment,1026.8091,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Nominal investment ,2015.0 -onwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -organic rankine cycle,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551","Both for flash, binary and ORC plants. See Supplemental Material for details",2020.0 -organic rankine cycle,electricity-input,0.12,MWh_el/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, Electricity-output. This is a rough estimate, depends on input temperature, implies ~150 C.",2020.0 -organic rankine cycle,investment,1376.0,EUR/kW_el,Tartiere and Astolfi 2017: A world overview of the organic Rankine cycle market,"Low rollout complicates the estimation, compounded by a dependence both on plant size and temperature, converted from 1500 USD/kW using currency conversion 1.09 USD = 1 EUR.",2020.0 -organic rankine cycle,lifetime,30.0,years,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",,2020.0 -ror,FOM,2.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -ror,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -ror,investment,3412.2266,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 -ror,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -seawater RO desalination,electricity-input,0.003,MWHh_el/t_H2O,"Caldera et al. (2016): Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Fig. 4.",Desalination using SWRO. Assume medium salinity of 35 Practical Salinity Units (PSUs) = 35 kg/m^3., -seawater desalination,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2015.0 -seawater desalination,electricity-input,3.0348,kWh/m^3-H2O,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Fig. 4.",, -seawater desalination,investment,25039.1517,EUR/(m^3-H2O/h),"Caldera et al 2017: Learning Curve for Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination Plants: Capital Cost Trend of the Past, Present, and Future (https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR021402), Table 4.",,2015.0 -seawater desalination,lifetime,30.0,years,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",, -shipping fuel methanol,CO2 intensity,0.2482,tCO2/MWh_th,-,Based on stochiometric composition.,2020.0 -shipping fuel methanol,fuel,72.0,EUR/MWh_th,"Based on (source 1) Hampp et al (2022), https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.01092, and (source 2): https://www.methanol.org/methanol-price-supply-demand/; both accessed: 2022-12-03.",400 EUR/t assuming range roughly in the long-term range for green methanol (source 1) and late 2020+beyond values for grey methanol (source 2).,2020.0 -solar,FOM,2.0531,%/year,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop' and 50% 'solar-utility',2020.0 -solar,VOM,0.0106,EUR/MWhel,RES costs made up to fix curtailment order, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -solar,investment,429.5198,EUR/kW_e,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop' and 50% 'solar-utility',2020.0 -solar,lifetime,40.0,years,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop' and 50% 'solar-utility',2020.0 -solar-rooftop,FOM,1.5792,%/year,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop,discount rate,0.04,per unit,standard for decentral, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -solar-rooftop,investment,552.3387,EUR/kW_e,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop,lifetime,40.0,years,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,FOM,1.7726,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,investment,437.2089,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,FOM,1.3858,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,investment,667.4686,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-utility,FOM,2.5269,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-utility,investment,306.7008,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-utility,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,FOM,2.4972,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,investment,368.412,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solid biomass,CO2 intensity,0.3667,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 18 GJ/t_DM LHV and 50% C-content for solid biomass,, -solid biomass,fuel,13.6489,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOOW1 (secondary forest residue wood chips), ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,FOM,6.2273,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,VOM,2.8679,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,efficiency,0.895,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,investment,553.85,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,FOM,6.2273,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,VOM,2.8679,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,efficiency,0.895,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,investment,553.85,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -solid biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -solid biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -solid biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.56,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, -solid biomass to hydrogen,investment,2913.0196,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,FOM,5.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",CO2 volume captured / (Stream flowrate * Max. capacity utilization * CO2 in exhaust * 8760),2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,investment,3561435.753,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 1342 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 3324000 t/year",2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -uranium,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -waste CHP,FOM,2.3092,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -waste CHP,VOM,27.2845,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -waste CHP,c_b,0.3005,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP,efficiency,0.2144,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7624,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP,investment,7755.9852,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -waste CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,FOM,2.3092,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,VOM,27.2845,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,c_b,0.3005,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,efficiency,0.2144,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.7624,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,investment,7755.9852,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -water tank charger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -water tank discharger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 diff --git a/ariadne-data/costs/mean/costs_2050.csv b/ariadne-data/costs/mean/costs_2050.csv deleted file mode 100644 index fb4a58e92..000000000 --- a/ariadne-data/costs/mean/costs_2050.csv +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1238 +0,0 @@ -technology,parameter,value,unit,source,further description,currency_year -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,FOM,2.8,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,VOM,0.2389,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,electricity-input,1.38,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,investment,429.0306,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,lifetime,40.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,FOM,2.3,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,VOM,0.2389,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,electricity-input,1.416,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,investment,506.0332,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,FOM,2.3,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,VOM,0.1934,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,electricity-input,1.41,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,investment,582.922,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW, -Ammonia cracker,FOM,4.3,%/year,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 7.","Estimated based on Labour cost rate, Maintenance cost rate, Insurance rate, Admin. cost rate and Chemical & other consumables cost rate.",2015.0 -Ammonia cracker,ammonia-input,1.46,MWh_NH3/MWh_H2,"ENGIE et al (2020): Ammonia to Green Hydrogen Feasibility Study (https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/880826/HS420_-_Ecuity_-_Ammonia_to_Green_Hydrogen.pdf), Fig. 10.",Assuming a integrated 200t/d cracking and purification facility. Electricity demand (316 MWh per 2186 MWh_LHV H2 output) is assumed to also be ammonia LHV input which seems a fair assumption as the facility has options for a higher degree of integration according to the report)., -Ammonia cracker,investment,558309.4975,EUR/MW_H2,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 6.",Calculated. For a small (200 t_NH3/d input) facility. Base cost for facility: 51 MEUR at capacity 20 000m^3_NH3/h = 339 t_NH3/d input. Cost scaling exponent 0.67. Ammonia density 0.7069 kg/m^3. Conversion efficiency of cracker: 0.685. Ammonia LHV: 5.167 MWh/t_NH3.; and Calculated. For a large (2500 t_NH3/d input) facility. Base cost for facility: 51 MEUR at capacity 20 000m^3_NH3/h = 339 t_NH3/d input. Cost scaling exponent 0.67. Ammonia density 0.7069 kg/m^3. Conversion efficiency of cracker: 0.685. Ammonia LHV: 5.167 MWh/t_NH3.,2015.0 -Ammonia cracker,lifetime,25.0,years,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 7.",,2015.0 -BEV Bus city,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,Motor size,450.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,efficiency,0.6107,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,investment,190570.463,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Coach,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,Motor size,600.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,efficiency,0.5852,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,investment,271110.2666,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,Motor size,900.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,efficiency,1.0768,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,investment,151213.8954,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,lifetime,10.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,Motor size,500.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,efficiency,0.6872,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,investment,157519.8368,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,Motor size,1200.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,efficiency,1.2019,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,investment,167722.8037,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),FOM,0.9,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),efficiency,0.68,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),investment,23561.0,EUR/PKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (trucks),FOM,16.0,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (trucks),2020.0 -Battery electric (trucks),investment,129400.0,EUR/LKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (trucks),2020.0 -Battery electric (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (trucks),2020.0 -BioSNG,C in fuel,0.378,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,C stored,0.622,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,CO2 stored,0.2281,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,FOM,1.6067,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Fixed O&M",2020.0 -BioSNG,VOM,1.7014,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Variable O&M",2020.0 -BioSNG,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -BioSNG,efficiency,0.7,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Bio SNG Output",2020.0 -BioSNG,investment,1595.1,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Specific investment",2020.0 -BioSNG,lifetime,25.0,years,TODO,"84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -BtL,C in fuel,0.3156,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,C stored,0.6844,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,CO2 stored,0.251,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Fixed O&M",2020.0 -BtL,VOM,1.1299,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Variable O&M",2020.0 -BtL,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -BtL,efficiency,0.45,per unit,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Electricity Output",2020.0 -BtL,investment,2078.9555,EUR/kW_th,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Specific investment",2017.0 -BtL,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Technical lifetime",2020.0 -CCGT,FOM,3.25,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -CCGT,VOM,4.2329,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Variable O&M",2015.0 -CCGT,c_b,2.2,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -CCGT,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -CCGT,efficiency,0.6,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -CCGT,investment,846.5773,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Nominal investment",2015.0 -CCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -CH4 (g) fill compressor station,FOM,1.7,%/year,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0 -CH4 (g) fill compressor station,investment,1654.96,EUR/MW_CH4,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station cost.","Assume same ratio as between H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station, i.e. 1:19 , due to a lack of reliable numbers.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) fill compressor station,lifetime,20.0,years,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,FOM,1.5,%/year,Assume same as for H2 (g) pipeline in 2050 (CH4 pipeline as mature technology).,"Due to lack of numbers, use comparable H2 pipeline assumptions.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,electricity-input,0.01,MW_e/1000km/MW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: 112 6 gas Main distri line.","Assumption for gas pipeline >100MW, 0.1% per station and spacing of 100km yields 1%/1000km. Electric compression.",2015.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,investment,87.22,EUR/MW/km,Guesstimate.,"Based on Arab Gas Pipeline: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Gas_Pipeline: cost = 1.2e9 $-US (year = ?), capacity=10.3e9 m^3/a NG, l=1200km, NG-LHV=39MJ/m^3*90% (also Wikipedia estimate from here https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_of_combustion). Presumed to include booster station cost.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,lifetime,50.0,years,Assume same as for H2 (g) pipeline in 2050 (CH4 pipeline as mature technology).,"Due to lack of numbers, use comparable H2 pipeline assumptions.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,FOM,3.0,%/year,"d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material.",-,2015.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,electricity-input,0.01,MW_e/1000km/MW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: 112 6 gas Main distri line.","Assumption for gas pipeline >100MW, 0.1% per station and spacing of 100km yields 1%/1000km. Electric compression.",2015.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,investment,119.3173,EUR/MW/km,Kaiser (2017): 10.1016/j.marpol.2017.05.003 .,"Based on Gulfstream pipeline costs (430 mi long pipeline for natural gas in deep/shallow waters) of 2.72e6 USD/mi and 1.31 bn ft^3/d capacity (36 in diameter), LHV of methane 13.8888 MWh/t and density of 0.657 kg/m^3 and 1.17 USD:1EUR conversion rate = 102.4 EUR/MW/km. Number is without booster station cost. Estimation of additional cost for booster stations based on H2 (g) pipeline numbers from Guidehouse (2020): European Hydrogen Backbone report and Danish Energy Agency (2021): Technology Data for Energy Transport, were booster stations make ca. 6% of pipeline cost; here add additional 10% for booster stations as they need to be constructed submerged or on plattforms. (102.4*1.1).",2014.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,lifetime,30.0,years,"d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material.",-,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,capacity,58300.0,t_CH4,"Calculated, based on Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",based on 138 000 m^3 capacity and LNG density of 0.4226 t/m^3 .,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,investment,159791465.6831,EUR,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,lifetime,25.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2015.0 -CH4 evaporation,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 evaporation,investment,91.1101,EUR/kW_CH4,"Calculated, based on Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306","based on 100 MUSD-2005/(1 bcm/a), 1 bcm = 10.6 TWh, currency exchange rate: 1.15 USD=1 EUR.",2005.0 -CH4 evaporation,lifetime,30.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,electricity-input,0.036,MWh_el/MWh_CH4,"Pospíšil et al. (2019): Energy demand of liquefaction and regasification of natural gas and the potential of LNG for operative thermal energy storage (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.09.027), Table 2 and Table 3. alternative source 2: https://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/methane (accessed 2021-02-10).","Assuming 0.5 MWh/t_CH4 for refigeration cycle based on Table 2 of source; cleaning of gas presumed unnecessary as it should be nearly pure CH4 (=SNG). Assuming energy required is only electricity which is for Table 3 in the source provided with efficiencies of ~50% of LHV, making the numbers consistent with the numbers in Table 2.", -CH4 liquefaction,investment,241.443,EUR/kW_CH4,"Calculated, based on Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306","based on 265 MUSD-2005/(1 bcm/a), 1 bcm = 10.6 TWh, currency exchange rate: 1.15 USD=1 EUR.",2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,lifetime,25.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,methane-input,1.0,MWh_CH4/MWh_CH4,"Pospíšil et al. (2019): Energy demand of liquefaction and regasification of natural gas and the potential of LNG for operative thermal energy storage (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.09.027), Table 2 and Table 3. alternative source 2: https://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/methane (accessed 2021-02-10).","For refrigeration cycle, cleaning of gas presumed unnecessary as it should be nearly pure CH4 (=SNG). Assuming energy required is only electricity which is for Table 3 in the source provided with efficiencies of ~50% of LHV, making the numbers consistent with the numbers in Table 2.", -CO2 liquefaction,FOM,5.0,%/year,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,,2004.0 -CO2 liquefaction,carbondioxide-input,1.0,t_CO2/t_CO2,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,"Assuming a pure, humid, low-pressure input stream. Neglecting possible gross-effects of CO2 which might be cycled for the cooling process.", -CO2 liquefaction,electricity-input,0.123,MWh_el/t_CO2,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,, -CO2 liquefaction,heat-input,0.0067,MWh_th/t_CO2,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,For drying purposes., -CO2 liquefaction,investment,16.7226,EUR/t_CO2/h,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,"Plant capacity of 20 kt CO2 / d and an uptime of 85%. For a high purity, humid, low pressure input stream, includes drying and compression necessary for liquefaction.",2004.0 -CO2 liquefaction,lifetime,25.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on CH4 liquefaction.",,2004.0 -CO2 pipeline,FOM,0.9,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",,2015.0 -CO2 pipeline,investment,2116.4433,EUR/(tCO2/h)/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",Assuming the 120-500 t CO2/h range that is based on cost of a 12 inch onshore pipeline.,2015.0 -CO2 pipeline,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",,2015.0 -CO2 storage tank,FOM,1.0,%/year,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, pg. 2746 .","Assuming a 3000m^3 pressurised steel cylinder tanks and a CO2 density of 1100 kg/m^3 (close to triple point at -56.6°C and 5.2 bar with max density of 1200kg/m^3 ). Lauri et al. report costs 3x higher per m^3 for steel tanks, which are consistent with other sources. The numbers reported are in rather difficult to pinpoint as systems can greatly vary.",2013.0 -CO2 storage tank,investment,2584.3462,EUR/t_CO2,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, Table 3.","Assuming a 3000m^3 pressurised steel cylinder tanks and a CO2 density of 1100 kg/m^3 (close to triple point at -56.6°C and 5.2 bar with max density of 1200kg/m^3 ). Lauri et al. report costs 3x higher per m^3 for steel tanks, which are consistent with other sources. The numbers reported are in rather difficult to pinpoint as systems can greatly vary.",2013.0 -CO2 storage tank,lifetime,25.0,years,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, pg. 2746 .","Assuming a 3000m^3 pressurised steel cylinder tanks and a CO2 density of 1100 kg/m^3 (close to triple point at -56.6°C and 5.2 bar with max density of 1200kg/m^3 ). Lauri et al. report costs 3x higher per m^3 for steel tanks, which are consistent with other sources. The numbers reported are in rather difficult to pinpoint as systems can greatly vary.",2013.0 -CO2 submarine pipeline,FOM,0.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",,2015.0 -CO2 submarine pipeline,investment,4232.8865,EUR/(tCO2/h)/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",Assuming the 120-500 t CO2/h range that is based on cost of a 12 inch offshore pipeline.,2015.0 -Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,FOM,1.6,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,investment,448894.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,FOM,2.2,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,investment,1788360.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,FOM,2.2,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,investment,1787894.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,FOM,1.8,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,investment,1005.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,FOM,0.9265,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.64 (p.86) Figure 4.14","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,efficiency,0.7211,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.52^0.5']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,investment,946180.9426,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Turbine Compressor BOP EPC Management']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-store,FOM,0.43,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB 4.5.2.1 Fixed O&M p.62 (p.84)","{'carrier': ['pair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-store,investment,5448.7894,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.64 (p.86)","{'carrier': ['pair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Cavern Storage']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['pair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,investment,144192.2682,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,efficiency,0.4343,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,investment,576769.073,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Concrete-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['concrete'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Concrete-store,investment,24044.2324,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['concrete'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -Concrete-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['concrete'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -"Container feeder, ammonia",efficiency,0.7754,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container feeder, ammonia",investment,34966212.0251,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container feeder, ammonia",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container feeder, diesel",efficiency,0.7718,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, diesel",2023.0 -"Container feeder, diesel",investment,34966212.0251,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, diesel",2023.0 -"Container feeder, diesel",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, diesel",2023.0 -"Container feeder, methanol",efficiency,0.7711,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, methanol",2023.0 -"Container feeder, methanol",investment,34966212.0251,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, methanol",2023.0 -"Container feeder, methanol",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, methanol",2023.0 -"Container, ammonia",efficiency,1.7094,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container, ammonia",investment,119652947.2851,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container, ammonia",lifetime,32.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container, diesel",efficiency,1.6399,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, diesel",2023.0 -"Container, diesel",investment,119652947.2851,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, diesel",2023.0 -"Container, diesel",lifetime,33.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, diesel",2023.0 -"Container, methanol",efficiency,1.7001,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, methanol",2023.0 -"Container, methanol",investment,119652947.2851,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, methanol",2023.0 -"Container, methanol",lifetime,33.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, methanol",2023.0 -Diesel Bus city,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,Motor size,250.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,efficiency,1.2975,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,investment,150756.2732,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,Motor size,350.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,efficiency,1.4329,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,investment,231296.0768,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,FOM,0.0005,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,Motor size,380.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,efficiency,2.7275,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,investment,142012.114,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,lifetime,10.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,Motor size,330.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,efficiency,1.4992,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,investment,155444.0931,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,Motor size,382.3529,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,efficiency,2.5876,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,investment,177515.1425,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,Motor size,450.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,VOM,0.0979,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,efficiency,1.1664,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,investment,190570.463,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Coach,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,Motor size,450.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,efficiency,1.1348,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,investment,356840.1722,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,Motor size,600.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,efficiency,2.0908,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,investment,139809.9795,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,lifetime,10.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,Motor size,450.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,efficiency,1.3586,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,investment,172241.267,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,Motor size,450.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,efficiency,2.3109,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,investment,194312.3164,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FT fuel transport ship,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -FT fuel transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_FTfuel,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -FT fuel transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -FT fuel transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.1.",,2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,VOM,2.2331,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",102 Hydrogen to Jet: Variable O&M,2020.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -Fischer-Tropsch,carbondioxide-input,0.276,t_CO2/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","Input per 1t FT liquid fuels output, carbon efficiency increases with years (4.3, 3.9, 3.6, 3.3 t_CO2/t_FT from 2020-2050 with LHV 11.95 MWh_th/t_FT).", -Fischer-Tropsch,efficiency,0.799,per unit,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.2.",,2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,electricity-input,0.007,MWh_el/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","0.005 MWh_el input per FT output, output increasing from 2020 to 2050 (0.65, 0.7, 0.73, 0.75 MWh liquid FT output).", -Fischer-Tropsch,hydrogen-input,1.327,MWh_H2/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","0.995 MWh_H2 per output, output increasing from 2020 to 2050 (0.65, 0.7, 0.73, 0.75 MWh liquid FT output).", -Fischer-Tropsch,investment,519738.882,EUR/MW_FT,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 8: “Reference scenario”.","Well developed technology, no significant learning expected.",2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (04/2022), Data sheet “Methanol to Power”.",,2017.0 -Gasnetz,FOM,2.5,%,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz,2020.0 -Gasnetz,investment,28.0,EUR/kWGas,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz,2020.0 -Gasnetz,lifetime,30.0,years,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz,2020.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),FOM,6.25,%/year,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , figure 7 and pg. 12 .",Assuming ca. 10 EUR/m^3/a (center value between stand alone and addon facility).,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),investment,137.8999,EUR/m^3,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 8F .",Assumed 20% lower than for product storage. Crude or middle distillate tanks are usually larger compared to product storage due to lower requirements on safety and different construction method. Reference size used here: 80 000 – 120 000 m^3 .,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),lifetime,30.0,years,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 11.",,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),FOM,6.25,%/year,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , figure 7 and pg. 12 .",Assuming ca. 10 EUR/m^3/a (center value between stand alone and addon facility).,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),investment,172.3748,EUR/m^3,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 8F .",Assumed at the higher end for addon facilities/mid-range for stand-alone facilities. Product storage usually smaller due to higher requirements on safety and different construction method. Reference size used here: 40 000 - 60 000 m^3 .,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),lifetime,30.0,years,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 11.",,2012.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.76 (p.98) Sentence 1 in 4.7.2 Operating Costs","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['1.5 percent of capital cost']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,efficiency,0.9274,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.36","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.86^0.5']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,investment,415570.5177,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 0% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,lifetime,41.7,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.36","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-store,investment,157381.7274,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 15% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['gravity'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Gravitational Capital (SB+BOS)']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-store,lifetime,41.7,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.36","{'carrier': ['gravity'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.76 (p.98) Sentence 1 in 4.7.2 Operating Costs","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['1.5 percent of capital cost']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,efficiency,0.9014,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level ((0.785+0.84)/2)^0.5']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,investment,365630.713,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 0% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-store,investment,121755.0274,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 15% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['gravitywa'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Gravitational Capital (SB+BOS)']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['gravitywa'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.76 (p.98) Sentence 1 in 4.7.2 Operating Costs","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['1.5 percent of capital cost']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,efficiency,0.9014,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level ((0.785+0.84)/2)^0.5']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,investment,905158.9602,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 0% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-store,investment,95982.5211,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 15% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['gravitywu'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Gravitational Capital (SB+BOS)']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['gravitywu'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -H2 (g) fill compressor station,FOM,1.7,%/year,"Guidehouse 2020: European Hydrogen Backbone report, https://guidehouse.com/-/media/www/site/downloads/energy/2020/gh_european-hydrogen-backbone_report.pdf (table 3, table 5)","Pessimistic (highest) value chosen for 48'' pipeline w/ 13GW_H2 LHV @ 100bar pressure. Currency year: Not clearly specified, assuming year of publication. Forecast year: Not clearly specified, guessing based on text remarks.",2020.0 -H2 (g) fill compressor station,investment,4738.7164,EUR/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), pg. 164, Figure 14 (Fill compressor).","Assumption for staging 35→140bar, 6000 MW_HHV single line pipeline. Considering HHV/LHV ration for H2.",2015.0 -H2 (g) fill compressor station,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), pg. 168, Figure 24 (Fill compressor).",,2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, > 6000 MW_HHV single line pipeline, incl. booster station investments. Considering LHV by scaling with LHV/HHV=0.8462623413.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,electricity-input,0.017,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,investment,303.6845,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 4.4 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, > 6000 MW_HHV single line pipeline, incl. booster station investments. Considering LHV by scaling with LHV/HHV=0.8462623413.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.",Same as for new H2 (g) pipeline.,2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,electricity-input,0.017,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,investment,129.4682,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line repurposed pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 0.8 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.",Same as for new H2 (g) pipeline.,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,FOM,3.0,%/year,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,electricity-input,0.017,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,investment,456.1165,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line offshore pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 7.48 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,lifetime,30.0,years,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,FOM,3.0,%/year,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,electricity-input,0.017,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,investment,160.1562,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line repurposed offshore pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 1.5 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,lifetime,30.0,years,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (l) storage tank,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.",Assuming currency year and technology year here (25 EUR/kg).,2015.0 -H2 (l) storage tank,investment,793.7456,EUR/MWh_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.","Assuming currency year and technology year here (25 EUR/kg). Future target cost. Today’s cost potentially higher according to d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material pg. 16.",2015.0 -H2 (l) storage tank,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.",Assuming currency year and technology year here (25 EUR/kg).,2015.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,capacity,11000.0,t_H2,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,investment,393737000.0,EUR,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,lifetime,20.0,years,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 evaporation,FOM,2.5,%/year,"DNV GL (2020): Study on the Import of Liquid Renewable Energy: Technology Cost Assessment, https://www.gie.eu/wp-content/uploads/filr/2598/DNV-GL_Study-GLE-Technologies-and-costs-analysis-on-imports-of-liquid-renewable-energy.pdf .",,2020.0 -H2 evaporation,investment,57.8463,EUR/kW_H2,"IRENA (2022): Global Hydrogen Trade to Meet the 1.5° Climate Goal: Technology Review of Hydrogen Carriers, https://www.irena.org/publications/2022/Apr/Global-hydrogen-trade-Part-II , pg. 62f.","Pessimistic assumption for large scale facility / near-term estimate for medium sized facility, in between low / mid estimate with e.g. DNV numbers (Fig. 3.15).; and Optimistic assumption for large scale facility 2500 t/d, cf Fig. 3.15 .",2022.0 -H2 evaporation,lifetime,20.0,years,Guesstimate.,Based on lifetime of liquefaction plant.,2015.0 -H2 liquefaction,FOM,2.5,%/year,"DNV GL (2020): Study on the Import of Liquid Renewable Energy: Technology Cost Assessment, https://www.gie.eu/wp-content/uploads/filr/2598/DNV-GL_Study-GLE-Technologies-and-costs-analysis-on-imports-of-liquid-renewable-energy.pdf .",,2020.0 -H2 liquefaction,electricity-input,0.203,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"Heuser et al. (2019): Techno-economic analysis of a potential energy trading link between Patagonia and Japan based on CO2 free hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.12.156), table 1.","6.78 kWh/kg_H2, considering H2 with LHV of 33.3333 MWh/t", -H2 liquefaction,hydrogen-input,1.017,MWh_H2/MWh_H2,"Heuser et al. (2019): Techno-economic analysis of a potential energy trading link between Patagonia and Japan based on CO2 free hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.12.156), table 1.",corresponding to 1.65% losses during liquefaction, -H2 liquefaction,investment,533.9655,EUR/kW_H2,"IRENA (2022): Global Hydrogen Trade to Meet the 1.5° Climate Goal: Technology Review of Hydrogen Carriers, https://www.irena.org/publications/2022/Apr/Global-hydrogen-trade-Part-II , pg. 62f.","Assumption for a 200t/d facility (Pessimistic long-term or optimistic short-term value).; and Assumption for a large >300t/d, e.g. 2500 t/d facility (Optimistic long-term value without change in base technology mentioned in report).",2022.0 -H2 liquefaction,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2022.0 -H2 pipeline,FOM,3.0,%/year,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -H2 pipeline,investment,282.5452,EUR/MW/km,Welder et al https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.05.059, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -H2 pipeline,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,FOM,5.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,VOM,0.5118,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,electricity-input,0.097,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification,investment,1467.9399,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification,wood-input,1.804,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification CC,FOM,5.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification CC,VOM,0.5232,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification CC,electricity-input,0.143,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification CC,investment,1489.0957,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification CC,wood-input,1.804,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification,FOM,6.4,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification,VOM,0.5061,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification,coal-input,1.62,MWh_coal/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification,electricity-input,0.02,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification,investment,399.1168,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification CC,FOM,6.2,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification CC,VOM,0.1479,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification CC,coal-input,1.62,MWh_coal/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification CC,electricity-input,0.023,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification CC,investment,413.4481,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,FOM,5.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,VOM,0.1592,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,electricity-input,0.063,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,investment,491.1331,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,lifetime,25.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,oil-input,1.3,MWh_oil/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,FOM,4.9,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,VOM,0.2047,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,electricity-input,0.02,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,gas-input,1.25,MWh_NG/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,investment,180.0518,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,FOM,6.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,VOM,0.0796,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,electricity-input,0.039,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,gas-input,1.4,MWh_NG/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,investment,217.5863,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,FOM,4.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,VOM,0.7393,EUR/MWh,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,electricity-input,0.044,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,investment,590.6564,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,wood-input,1.36,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -HVAC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVAC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVAC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,investment,165803.0398,EUR/MW,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC submarine,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0 -HVDC submarine,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1,2017.0 -HVDC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0 -HVDC underground,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 -HVDC underground,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1 (same as for HVDC submarine),2017.0 -HVDC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 -Haber-Bosch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,VOM,0.0225,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Variable O&M,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,electricity-input,0.2473,MWh_el/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), table 11.",Assume 5 GJ/t_NH3 for compressors and NH3 LHV = 5.16666 MWh/t_NH3., -Haber-Bosch,hydrogen-input,1.1484,MWh_H2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.","178 kg_H2 per t_NH3, LHV for both assumed.", -Haber-Bosch,investment,915.4941,EUR/kW_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,nitrogen-input,0.1597,t_N2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.",".33 MWh electricity are required for ASU per t_NH3, considering 0.4 MWh are required per t_N2 and LHV of NH3 of 5.1666 Mwh.", -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,investment,144192.2682,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,efficiency,0.4444,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,investment,576769.073,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['salthight'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-store,investment,94107.5489,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['salthight'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['salthight'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),FOM,1.2,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),efficiency,0.48,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),investment,26880.0,EUR/PKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),FOM,12.2,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),efficiency,0.56,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),investment,125710.0,EUR/LKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,FOM,0.6345,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,efficiency,0.6963,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133) include inverter 0.98 & transformer efficiency 0.98 ","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Electrolyzer']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,investment,347170.8209,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.113 (p.135)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Electrolyzer']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,lifetime,30.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,FOM,0.5812,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,efficiency,0.4869,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133) include inverter 0.98 & transformer efficiency 0.98 ","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Fuel Cell']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,investment,379007.4464,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.113 (p.135)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Fuel Cell']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,lifetime,30.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-store,FOM,0.43,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB =(C38+C39)*0.43/4","{'carrier': ['h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-store,investment,4779.9527,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.113 (p.135)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Cavern Storage']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-store,lifetime,30.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LNG storage tank,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank with comparable requirements.",Currency year and technology year assumed based on publication date.,2019.0 -LNG storage tank,investment,666.634,EUR/m^3,"Hurskainen 2019, https://cris.vtt.fi/en/publications/liquid-organic-hydrogen-carriers-lohc-concept-evaluation-and-tech pg. 46 (59).",Currency year and technology year assumed based on publication date.,2019.0 -LNG storage tank,lifetime,20.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank with comparable requirements.",Currency year and technology year assumed based on publication date.,2019.0 -LOHC chemical,investment,2500.0,EUR/t,"Runge et al 2020, pg.7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC chemical,lifetime,20.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, pg.7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation,investment,53681.4988,EUR/MW_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",per MW H2 (LHV). For a large plant of 1000 MW capacity. Calculated based on base CAPEX of 30 MEUR for 300 t/day capacity and a scale factor of 0.6.,2015.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),FOM,3.0,%/year,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),investment,839000.0,EUR/MW_H2,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",MW of H2 LHV. For a small plant of 0.9 MW capacity.,2020.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),lifetime,20.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,electricity-input,0.004,MWh_el/t_HLOHC,Niermann et al. (2019): (https://doi.org/10.1039/C8EE02700E). 6A .,"Flow in figures shows 0.2 MW for 114 MW_HHV = 96.4326 MW_LHV = 2.89298 t hydrogen. At 5.6 wt-% effective H2 storage for loaded LOHC (H18-DBT, HLOHC), corresponds to 51.6604 t loaded LOHC .", -LOHC hydrogenation,hydrogen-input,1.867,MWh_H2/t_HLOHC,"Runge et al 2020, pg. 7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",Considering 5.6 wt-% H2 in loaded LOHC (HLOHC) and LHV of H2., -LOHC hydrogenation,investment,54243.958,EUR/MW_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",per MW H2 (LHV). For a large plant of 2000 MW capacity. Calculated based on base CAPEX of 40 MEUR for 300 t/day capacity and a scale factor of 0.6.,2015.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,lohc-input,0.944,t_LOHC/t_HLOHC,"Runge et al 2020, pg. 7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514","Loaded LOHC (H18-DBT, HLOHC) has loaded only 5.6%-wt H2 as rate of discharge is kept at ca. 90%.", -LOHC loaded DBT storage,FOM,6.25,%/year,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -LOHC loaded DBT storage,investment,151.5383,EUR/t,"Density via Wissenschaftliche Dienste des Deutschen Bundestages 2020, https://www.bundestag.de/resource/blob/816048/454e182d5956d45a664da9eb85486f76/WD-8-058-20-pdf-data.pdf , pg. 11.","Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared. Density of loaded LOHC H18-DBT is 0.91 t/m^3.",2012.0 -LOHC loaded DBT storage,lifetime,30.0,years,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -LOHC transport ship,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_LOHC,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC unloaded DBT storage,FOM,6.25,%/year,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -LOHC unloaded DBT storage,investment,134.2745,EUR/t,"Density via Wissenschaftliche Dienste des Deutschen Bundestages 2020, https://www.bundestag.de/resource/blob/816048/454e182d5956d45a664da9eb85486f76/WD-8-058-20-pdf-data.pdf , pg. 11.","Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared. Density of loaded LOHC H18-DBT is 0.91 t/m^3, density of unloaded LOHC H0-DBT is 1.04 t/m^3 but unloading is only to 90% (depth-of-discharge), assume density via linearisation of 1.027 t/m^3.",2012.0 -LOHC unloaded DBT storage,lifetime,30.0,years,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,FOM,2.4427,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,efficiency,0.8832,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.78^0.5']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,investment,128853.6139,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-store,FOM,0.2542,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['lead'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-store,investment,320631.3818,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['lead'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-store,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['lead'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),FOM,1.6,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),efficiency,0.215,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),investment,26880.0,EUR/PKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),FOM,15.5,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),efficiency,0.373,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),investment,116401.0,EUR/LKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,FOM,0.366,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,investment,475721.2289,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Figure 9 of reference roughly 80% of capital cost are power related 47%/80% of costs are required for liquefaction (charging)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,FOM,0.5212,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,efficiency,0.55,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE 0.545 assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,investment,334017.033,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, NULL","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-store,FOM,0.3208,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['lair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-store,investment,159004.771,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['lair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Liquid Air SB and BOS']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['lair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,FOM,2.1198,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,efficiency,0.9193,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.8452^0.5']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,investment,81553.4846,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,lifetime,16.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-store,FOM,0.0447,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['lfp'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-store,investment,236482.8109,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['lfp'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-store,lifetime,16.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['lfp'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,FOM,2.1198,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,efficiency,0.9193,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.8452^0.5']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,investment,81553.4846,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,lifetime,13.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-store,FOM,0.038,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['nmc'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-store,investment,269576.8493,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['nmc'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-store,lifetime,13.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['nmc'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,investment,144192.2682,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,efficiency,0.5394,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,investment,576769.073,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-store,investment,58041.2003,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_MeOH,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",,2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,investment,18016.8665,EUR/MW_H2,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.","For high temperature steam reforming plant with a capacity of 200 MW_H2 output (6t/h). Reference plant of 1 MW (30kg_H2/h) costs 150kEUR, scale factor of 0.6 assumed.",2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",,2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,methanol-input,1.201,MWh_MeOH/MWh_H2,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",Assuming per 1 t_H2 (with LHV 33.3333 MWh/t): 4.5 MWh_th and 3.2 MWh_el are required. We assume electricity can be substituted / provided with 1:1 as heat energy., -NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank.",,2010.0 -NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,investment,166.8201,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Calculated based on Morgan E. 2013: doi:10.7275/11KT-3F59 , Fig. 55, Fig 58.","Based on estimated for a double-wall liquid ammonia tank (~ambient pressure, -33°C), inner tank from stainless steel, outer tank from concrete including installations for liquefaction/condensation, boil-off gas recovery and safety installations; the necessary installations make only a small fraction of the total cost. The total cost are driven by material and working time on the tanks. -While the costs do not scale strictly linearly, we here assume they do (good approximation c.f. ref. Fig 55.) and take the costs for a 9 kt NH3 (l) tank = 8 M$2010, which is smaller 4-5x smaller than the largest deployed tanks today. -We assume an exchange rate of 1.17$ to 1 €. -The investment value is given per MWh NH3 store capacity, using the LHV of NH3 of 5.18 MWh/t.",2010.0 -NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,lifetime,20.0,years,"Morgan E. 2013: doi:10.7275/11KT-3F59 , pg. 290",,2010.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B",,2019.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,capacity,53000.0,t_NH3,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B",,2019.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,investment,81164200.0,EUR,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B",,2019.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,lifetime,20.0,years,"Guess estimated based on H2 (l) tanker, but more mature technology",,2019.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,FOM,2.1198,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['((0.75-0.87)/2)^0.5 mean value of range efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,investment,81553.4846,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) same as Li-LFP","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-store,FOM,0.2262,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-store,investment,267837.874,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-store,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -OCGT,FOM,1.8023,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -OCGT,VOM,4.762,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Variable O&M,2015.0 -OCGT,efficiency,0.43,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","52 OCGT - Natural gas: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -OCGT,investment,435.818,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 -OCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -PEM electrolyzer small size,FOM,3.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW,2010.0 -PEM electrolyzer small size,electricity-input,1.25,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW, -PEM electrolyzer small size,investment,1080.5384,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW,2010.0 -PEM electrolyzer small size,lifetime,9.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`","Likely stack lifetime, rather than electrolyzer system lifetime", -PHS,FOM,1.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -PHS,efficiency,0.75,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -PHS,investment,2274.8177,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 -PHS,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,FOM,0.366,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Charger']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,investment,761782.6727,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Figure 9 of reference roughly 80% of capital cost are power related 47%/80% of costs are required for liquefaction (charging)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,lifetime,33.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,FOM,0.5212,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,efficiency,0.63,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE 0.62 assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,investment,534868.6851,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, NULL","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,lifetime,33.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-store,FOM,0.1528,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.103 (p.125)","{'carrier': ['phes'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-store,investment,11546.7963,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.92 (p.114)","{'carrier': ['phes'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Molten Salt based SB and BOS']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-store,lifetime,33.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['phes'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,FOM,0.9951,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, Figure 4.16","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,efficiency,0.8944,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.8^0.5']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,investment,1397128.4612,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Powerhouse Construction & Infrastructure']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-store,FOM,0.43,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['phs'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-store,investment,57074.0625,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['phs'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Reservoir Construction & Infrastructure']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['phs'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -SMR,FOM,5.0,%/year,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR,efficiency,0.76,per unit (in LHV),"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SMR,investment,522201.0492,EUR/MW_CH4,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR,lifetime,30.0,years,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SMR CC,FOM,5.0,%/year,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR CC,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",wide range: capture rates between 54%-90%, -SMR CC,efficiency,0.69,per unit (in LHV),"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SMR CC,investment,605753.2171,EUR/MW_CH4,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR CC,lifetime,30.0,years,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SOEC,FOM,4.0,%/year,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,US-based assumptions for a Conservative cost scenario,2022.0 -SOEC,electricity-input,1.11,MWh_el/MWh_H2,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,, -SOEC,investment,2029.959,USD/kW,"ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions, https://theicct.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/fuels-eu-cost-renew-H-produced-onsite-H-refueling-stations-europe-feb22.pdf adjusted according to DOE observations https://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/docs/hydrogenprogramlibraries/pdfs/24005-clean-hydrogen-production-cost-pem-electrolyzer.pdf?sfvrsn=8cb10889_1#:~:text=This%20Record%20shows%20that%20the,factors%20of%2050%2D75%25",US-based assumptions for a Conservative cost scenario,2022.0 -SOEC,lifetime,30.0,years,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,, -Sand-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Sand-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Sand-charger,investment,144192.2682,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Sand-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,efficiency,0.53,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,investment,576769.073,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Sand-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['sand'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Sand-store,investment,6700.8517,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.100 (p.122)","{'carrier': ['sand'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -Sand-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['sand'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Steam methane reforming,FOM,3.0,%/year,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW).,2015.0 -Steam methane reforming,investment,497454.611,EUR/MW_H2,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW). Currency conversion 1.17 USD = 1 EUR.,2015.0 -Steam methane reforming,lifetime,30.0,years,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW).,2015.0 -Steam methane reforming,methane-input,1.483,MWh_CH4/MWh_H2,"Keipi et al (2018): Economic analysis of hydrogen production by methane thermal decomposition (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2017.12.063), table 2.","Large scale SMR plant producing 2.5 kg/s H2 output (assuming 33.3333 MWh/t H2 LHV), with 6.9 kg/s CH4 input (feedstock) and 2 kg/s CH4 input (energy). Neglecting water consumption.", -"Tank&bulk, diesel",efficiency,0.462,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, diesel",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, diesel",investment,35129312.4041,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, diesel",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, diesel",lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, diesel",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, methanol",efficiency,0.4695,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, methanol",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, methanol",investment,35129312.4041,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, methanol",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, methanol",lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, methanol",2023.0 -"Tankbulk, ammonia",efficiency,0.471,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tankbulk, ammonia",2023.0 -"Tankbulk, ammonia",investment,35129312.4041,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tankbulk, ammonia",2023.0 -"Tankbulk, ammonia",lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tankbulk, ammonia",2023.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,FOM,2.4395,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,efficiency,0.8062,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.65^0.5']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,investment,129023.0526,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-store,FOM,0.2345,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['vanadium'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-store,investment,258072.8586,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['vanadium'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-store,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['vanadium'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,FOM,2.4395,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,efficiency,0.7937,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.25 ","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['(0.63)^0.5 efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,investment,129023.0526,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,lifetime,25.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-store,FOM,0.1654,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-store,investment,174388.0144,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.48 (p.70) text below Table 4.12","{'carrier': ['znair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-store,lifetime,25.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['znair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,FOM,2.1198,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,efficiency,0.8307,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.25 ","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['(0.69)^0.5 efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,investment,81553.4846,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,lifetime,10.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.27","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-store,FOM,0.2576,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znbrflow'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-store,investment,412306.5947,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['znbrflow'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-store,lifetime,10.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.27","{'carrier': ['znbrflow'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,FOM,2.4395,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,efficiency,0.8888,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.25","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': [' (0.79)^0.5 efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,investment,129023.0526,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,FOM,0.2244,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,investment,239220.5823,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -air separation unit,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -air separation unit,electricity-input,0.25,MWh_el/t_N2,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), p.288.","For consistency reasons use value from Danish Energy Agency. DEA also reports range of values (0.2-0.4 MWh/t_N2) on pg. 288. Other efficienices reported are even higher, e.g. 0.11 Mwh/t_N2 from Morgan (2013): Techno-Economic Feasibility Study of Ammonia Plants Powered by Offshore Wind .", -air separation unit,investment,514601.1327,EUR/t_N2/h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 -air separation unit,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -allam,VOM,2.0,EUR/MWh,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -allam,efficiency,0.6,p.u.,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -allam,investment,1500.0,EUR/kW,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -allam,lifetime,30.0,years,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,FOM,5.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.99,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",CO2 volume captured / (Stream flowrate * Max. capacity utilization * CO2 in exhaust * 8760),2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.1,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,investment,929753.03,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 41 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 389000 t/year",2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -battery inverter,FOM,0.9,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -battery inverter,efficiency,0.96,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2020.0 -battery inverter,investment,63.804,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2020.0 -battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -battery storage,investment,79.755,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2020.0 -battery storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,FOM,3.4,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,VOM,823.497,EUR/MWh_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-biochar,0.404,MWh_biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency biochar",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.4848,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency heat",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,investment,128671.4,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.0582,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0 -biodiesel crops,fuel,131.8317,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIORPS1 (rape seed), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -bioethanol crops,CO2 intensity,0.1289,tCO2/MWh_th,,"CO2 released during fermentation of bioethanol crops, based on stochiometric composition: C6H12O6 -> 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2 , i.e. 1 kg ethanol → ~0.956 kg CO₂ (from fermentation) → 0.1289 tCO₂/MWh (with LHV = 26.7 MJ/kg).", -bioethanol crops,fuel,89.8502,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOCRP11 (Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -biogas,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 -biogas,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biogas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, -biogas,fuel,62.4351,EUR/MWhth,JRC and Zappa, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biogas,investment,867.3532,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 -biogas,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biogas CC,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas CC,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 -biogas CC,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biogas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, -biogas CC,investment,867.3532,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 -biogas CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biogas manure,fuel,19.9506,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOGAS1 (manure), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,VOM,2.2969,EUR/MWh_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Variable O&M,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,investment,482.3582,EUR/kW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Specific investment,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -biogas upgrading,FOM,17.0397,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Fixed O&M ",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,VOM,2.6993,EUR/MWh output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Variable O&M",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,investment,125.1744,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: investment (upgrading, methane redution and grid injection)",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biomass,FOM,4.5269,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,efficiency,0.468,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,fuel,7.4076,EUR/MWhth,IEA2011b, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,investment,2337.6116,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,lifetime,30.0,years,ECF2010 in DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass CHP,FOM,3.5368,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass CHP,VOM,2.222,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -biomass CHP,c_b,0.4564,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -biomass CHP,efficiency,0.3003,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7083,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass CHP,investment,3081.7978,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,capture_rate,0.95,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-electricity-input,0.075,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-heat-output,0.13,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,electricity-input,0.02,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-input,0.66,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-output,0.66,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,investment,2000000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass EOP,FOM,3.5368,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass EOP,VOM,2.222,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -biomass EOP,c_b,0.4564,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -biomass EOP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -biomass EOP,efficiency,0.3003,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass EOP,efficiency-heat,0.7083,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass EOP,investment,3081.7978,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -biomass EOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass HOP,FOM,5.6957,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Fixed O&M, heat output",2015.0 -biomass HOP,VOM,3.3005,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Variable O&M heat output,2015.0 -biomass HOP,efficiency,0.03,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass HOP,investment,797.0541,EUR/kW_th - heat output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Nominal investment ,2015.0 -biomass HOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -biomass boiler,FOM,7.5412,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass boiler,efficiency,0.88,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -biomass boiler,investment,621.5592,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Specific investment",2015.0 -biomass boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass boiler,pelletizing cost,9.0,EUR/MWh_pellets,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.109506,,2019.0 -biomass-to-methanol,C in fuel,0.44,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,C stored,0.56,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,CO2 stored,0.2053,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,FOM,2.6667,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,VOM,14.4653,EUR/MWh_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Variable O&M,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency,0.65,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Methanol Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-electricity,0.02,MWh_e/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Electricity Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-heat,0.22,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: District heat Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,investment,1553.1646,EUR/kW_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Specific investment,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,FOM,14.18,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",123.67 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘BF-BOF’.,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,coal-input,1.43,MWh_coal/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15). ","Based on process ‘Avg BF-BOF` using 195 kg_PCI/t_HM (PCI = Pulverized Coal Injected; HM = Hot Metal) as substitute for coke, 24 MJ/kg as LHV for coal and 1 : 1.1 as HM-to-steel ratio.",2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15).",,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,investment,7637406.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",871.85 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘Avg BF-BOF’.,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15).",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,ore-input,1.539,t_ore/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",Based on process ‘Avg BF-BOF`,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,scrap-input,0.051,t_scrap/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",Based on process ‘Avg BF-BOF`,2020.0 -cement capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,capture_rate,0.95,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,compression-electricity-input,0.075,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,compression-heat-output,0.13,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,electricity-input,0.018,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,heat-input,0.66,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,heat-output,1.48,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,investment,1800000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,FOM,7.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",CO2 volume captured / (Stream flowrate * Max. capacity utilization * CO2 in exhaust * 8760),2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,investment,2587727.173,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 247 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 842000 t/year",2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement dry clinker,FOM,4.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,VOM,5.2911,EUR/t_clinker,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,electricity-input,0.0694,MWh_el/t_clinker,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original values 0.25 PJ per Mt clinker,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,gas-input,0.0002,MWh_NG/t_clinker,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original values 0.0058 PJ per Mt clinker,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,heat-input,0.9444,MWh_th/t_CO2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original values 3.4 PJ per Mt clinker,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,investment,1158752.6816,EUR/t_clinker/h,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original value 125 EUR/t/year,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,lifetime,30.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement finishing,FOM,30.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement finishing,VOM,3.1747,EUR/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement finishing,clinker-input,0.656,t_cl/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND_Trans.xlsx`, Sheet `IND_Trans` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer),2015.0 -cement finishing,electricity-input,0.1736,MWh_el/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND_Trans.xlsx`, Sheet `IND_Trans` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer) with original value 0.6251 PJ per Mt cement.,2015.0 -cement finishing,investment,92700.2145,EUR/t_cement/h,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original value 10 EUR/t/year,2015.0 -cement finishing,lifetime,25.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer),2015.0 -cement finishing,slag-input,0.194,t_slag/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND_Trans.xlsx`, Sheet `IND_Trans` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer),2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.2336,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.8255,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.4,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Total efficiency, net, name plate",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,investment,906.0988,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central coal CHP,FOM,1.6316,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central coal CHP,VOM,2.8813,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central coal CHP,c_b,1.01,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -central coal CHP,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cv coefficient,2015.0 -central coal CHP,efficiency,0.535,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","01 Coal CHP: Electricity efficiency, condensation mode, net",2015.0 -central coal CHP,investment,1887.7345,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central coal CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.3504,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.7884,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,efficiency,5.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,investment,604.0659,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas CHP,FOM,3.4615,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP,VOM,4.2329,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP,c_b,1.0,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central gas CHP,c_v,0.17,per unit,DEA (loss of fuel for additional heat), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central gas CHP,efficiency,0.43,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central gas CHP,investment,550.2752,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central gas CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,FOM,3.4615,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,VOM,4.2329,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,c_b,1.0,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,efficiency,0.43,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,investment,550.2752,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas boiler,FOM,3.4,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central gas boiler,VOM,1.0582,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central gas boiler,efficiency,1.04,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","44 Natural Gas DH Only: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central gas boiler,investment,52.9111,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central gas boiler,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,FOM,0.8477,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,VOM,4.5966,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,investment,2633.9412,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.4378,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.5116,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,1.75,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,investment,483.438,EUR/kW_th excluding drive energy,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,investment,846.5773,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central resistive heater,FOM,1.5333,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central resistive heater,VOM,1.0582,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central resistive heater,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","41 Electric Boilers: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central resistive heater,investment,63.4933,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Nominal investment; 10/15 kV; >10 MW,2015.0 -central resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central solar thermal,FOM,1.4,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solar thermal,investment,148151.0278,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,FOM,2.8518,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,VOM,4.9394,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,c_b,0.3423,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency,0.2652,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.8294,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,investment,3339.6951,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,FOM,2.8518,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,VOM,4.9394,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_b,0.3423,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency,0.2652,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.8294,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,investment,4755.697,EUR/kW_e,Combination of central solid biomass CHP CC and solid biomass boiler steam,,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,FOM,2.8518,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,VOM,4.9394,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_b,0.3423,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency,0.2652,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency-heat,0.8294,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,investment,3339.6951,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central water pit charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2020.0 -central water pit discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2020.0 -central water pit storage,Bottom storage temperature,35.0,⁰C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Typical bottom storage temperature,2020.0 -central water pit storage,FOM,0.2544,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -central water pit storage,Top storage temperature,90.0,⁰C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Typical max. storage temperature,2020.0 -central water pit storage,energy to power ratio,22.5,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2020.0 -central water pit storage,investment,0.9826,EUR/kWh Capacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Specific investment,2020.0 -central water pit storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -central water pit storage,standing losses,0.0078,%/hour,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Energy losses during storage,2020.0 -central water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2020.0 -central water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2020.0 -central water tank storage,FOM,1.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central water tank storage,energy to power ratio,60.3448,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2020.0 -central water tank storage,investment,3.0361,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Specific investment,2020.0 -central water tank storage,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -central water tank storage,standing losses,0.0077,%/hour,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Energy losses during storage,2020.0 -central water tank storage,temperature difference,55.0,"hot/cold, K","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Typical temperature difference,2020.0 -clean water tank storage,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0 -clean water tank storage,investment,69.1286,EUR/m^3-H2O,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0 -clean water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",, -coal,CO2 intensity,0.3361,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid-Emissionen des deutschen Strommix in den Jahren 1990 - 2018,, -coal,FOM,1.31,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100.",2023.0 -coal,VOM,3.2612,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3+5.5)USD/MWh_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR).",2023.0 -coal,efficiency,0.356,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. 1 / ((8.75+12) MMbtu/MWh_th /2 / (3.4095 MMbtu/MWh_th)), rounded up.",2023.0 -coal,fuel,9.5542,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on IEA 2011 data, 99 USD/t.",2010.0 -coal,investment,3827.1629,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Higher costs include coal plants with CCS, but since using here for calculating the average nevertheless. Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3200+6775) USD/kW_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR).",2023.0 -coal,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 -csp-tower,FOM,1.4,%/year,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power),Ratio between CAPEX and FOM from ATB database for “moderate” scenario.,2020.0 -csp-tower,investment,99.38,"EUR/kW_th,dp",ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include solar field and solar tower as well as EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant). Total costs (223,708,924 USD) are divided by active area (heliostat reflective area, 1,269,054 m2) and multiplied by design point DNI (0.95 kW/m2) to obtain EUR/kW_th. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR.",2020.0 -csp-tower,lifetime,30.0,years,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power),-,2020.0 -csp-tower TES,FOM,1.4,%/year,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -csp-tower TES,investment,13.32,EUR/kWh_th,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include the TES incl. EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant, 2.791 MW_th TES). Total costs (69390776.7 USD) are divided by TES size to obtain EUR/kW_th. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR.",2020.0 -csp-tower TES,lifetime,30.0,years,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -csp-tower power block,FOM,1.4,%/year,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -csp-tower power block,investment,696.2,EUR/kW_e,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include the power cycle incl. BOP and EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant). Total costs (135185685.5 USD) are divided by power block nameplate capacity size to obtain EUR/kW_e. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR.",2020.0 -csp-tower power block,lifetime,30.0,years,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -decentral CHP,FOM,3.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral CHP,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral CHP,investment,1481.5103,EUR/kWel,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,FOM,3.1413,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.8,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.3 Air to water existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,804.2484,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,18.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,FOM,6.7293,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","202 Natural gas boiler: Total efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,investment,284.1413,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler connection,investment,177.5883,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Possible additional specific investment,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler connection,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,1.9895,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,4.05,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.7 Ground source existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,1269.866,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,FOM,2.0,%/year,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,investment,165.0975,EUR/kWth,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf) (+eigene Berechnung), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,FOM,2.0,%/year,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,investment,105.8222,EUR/kWhth,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,FOM,1.3,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,investment,285719.8393,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2020.0 -decentral water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,FOM,1.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,VOM,1.2289,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Variable O&M,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,energy to power ratio,0.15,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,investment,419.8622,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Specific investment,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,standing losses,2.1,%/hour,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Energy losses during storage,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,temperature difference,30.0,"hot/cold, K","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Typical temperature difference,2020.0 -digestible biomass,fuel,17.0611,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOAGRW1, ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0 -digestible biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -digestible biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -digestible biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.39,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, -digestible biomass to hydrogen,investment,2648.1996,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -direct air capture,FOM,4.95,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,compression-electricity-input,0.15,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,compression-heat-output,0.2,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,electricity-input,0.4,MWh_el/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","0.4 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 0.182 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019). Should already include electricity for water scrubbing and compression (high quality CO2 output).",2020.0 -direct air capture,heat-input,1.6,MWh_th/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","Thermal energy demand. Provided via air-sourced heat pumps. 1.6 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 1.102 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019).",2020.0 -direct air capture,heat-output,0.75,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,investment,4000000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct firing gas,FOM,1.0303,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas,VOM,0.282,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing gas,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing gas,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,FOM,1.0303,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,VOM,0.282,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,FOM,1.4091,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,VOM,0.3351,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,FOM,1.4091,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,VOM,0.3351,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Based on https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/capesize-freight-returns-below-operating-expense-levels-but-shipowners-reject-lay-ups/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","5000 USD/d OPEX, exchange rate: 1.15 USD = 1 EUR; absolute value calculate relative to investment cost.",2020.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,capacity,180000.0,t,-,"DWT; corresponds to size of Capesize bulk carriers which have previously docked at the habour in Hamburg, Germany. Short of 200 kt limit for VLBCs.",2020.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,investment,40000000.0,EUR,"Based on https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/dry-bulk-carriers-in-high-demand-as-rates-keep-rallying/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","See figure for ‘Dry Bulk Newbuild Prices’, Capesize at end of 2020. Exchange rate: 1.15 USD = 1 EUR.",2020.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,lifetime,25.0,years,"Based on https://mfame.guru/fall-life-expectancy-bulk-carriers/, accessed: 2022-12-03.",Expected lifetime.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,FOM,30.0,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","EAF has high OPEX of 62.99 EUR/year/t_steel, presumably because of electrode corrosion.",2020.0 -electric arc furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,electricity-input,0.6395,MWh_el/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘EAF’. ,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,hbi-input,1.0,t_hbi/t_steel,-,Assume HBI instead of scrap as input.Scrap would require higher input (in tonnes) as steel content is lower.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,investment,1839600.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",210 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘EAF’.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,FOM,30.0,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","EAF has high OPEX of 62.99 EUR/year/t_steel, presumably because of electrode corrosion.",2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,electricity-input,0.6395,MWh_el/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘EAF’. ,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,hbi-input,0.37,t_hbi/t_steel,"World Steel Association, Fact Sheet – Steel and raw materials: https://worldsteel.org/wp-content/uploads/Fact-sheet-raw-materials-2023-1.pdf, Accessed 2024-04-17.",Assume HBI instead of scrap as input.Scrap would require higher input (in tonnes) as steel content is lower.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,investment,1839600.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",210 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘EAF’.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,scrap-input,0.71,t_scrap/t_steel,"World Steel Association, Fact Sheet – Steel and raw materials: https://worldsteel.org/wp-content/uploads/Fact-sheet-raw-materials-2023-1.pdf, Accessed 2024-04-17.",,2020.0 -electric boiler steam,FOM,1.3143,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Fixed O&M,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,VOM,0.7855,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Variable O&M,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","310.1 Electric boiler steam : Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -electric boiler steam,investment,70.49,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Nominal investment,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Technical lifetime,2019.0 -electric steam cracker,FOM,3.0,%/year,Guesstimate,,2015.0 -electric steam cracker,VOM,190.4799,EUR/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",,2015.0 -electric steam cracker,carbondioxide-output,0.55,t_CO2/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), ",The report also references another source with 0.76 t_CO2/t_HVC, -electric steam cracker,electricity-input,2.7,MWh_el/t_HVC,"Lechtenböhmer et al. (2016): 10.1016/j.energy.2016.07.110, Section 4.3, page 6.",Assuming electrified processing., -electric steam cracker,investment,11124025.7434,EUR/(t_HVC/h),"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",Assuming CAPEX of 1200 €/t actually given in €/(t/a).,2015.0 -electric steam cracker,lifetime,30.0,years,Guesstimate,, -electric steam cracker,naphtha-input,14.8,MWh_naphtha/t_HVC,"Lechtenböhmer et al. (2016): 10.1016/j.energy.2016.07.110, Section 4.3, page 6.",, -electricity distribution grid,FOM,2.0,%/year,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity distribution grid,investment,529.1108,EUR/kW,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity distribution grid,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity grid connection,FOM,2.0,%/year,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity grid connection,investment,148.151,EUR/kW,DEA, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity grid connection,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electrobiofuels,C in fuel,0.9316,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,FOM,3.0,%/year,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2015.0 -electrobiofuels,VOM,2.6044,EUR/MWh_th,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2017.0 -electrobiofuels,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -electrobiofuels,efficiency-biomass,1.3283,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,efficiency-hydrogen,1.2971,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,efficiency-tot,0.6563,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,investment,322224.6071,EUR/kW_th,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2017.0 -electrolysis,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 -electrolysis,efficiency,0.6994,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 -electrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.1294,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 -electrolysis,investment,1000.0,EUR/kW_e,private communications; IEA https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/9e0c82d4-06d2-496b-9542-f184ba803645/TheRoleofE-fuelsinDecarbonisingTransport.pdf,,2020.0 -electrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -electrolysis small,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 -electrolysis small,efficiency,0.6994,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 -electrolysis small,efficiency-heat,0.1294,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 -electrolysis small,investment,475.0,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Specific investment,2020.0 -electrolysis small,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Technical lifetime of plant,2020.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,FOM,7.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.94,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.12,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,investment,928559.735,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 36 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 342000 t/year",2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol from starch crop,FOM,16.4,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original values FIXOM in MEUR/GW divided by INVCOST for the corresponding year",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,VOM,26.3497,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value 6.93 MEUR/PJ VAROM",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,efficiency,0.58,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production. Converted from 0.35 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,investment,603376.8073,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for USA and European production,2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,FOM,19.51,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original values FIXOM in MEUR/GW divided by INVCOST for the corresponding year",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,VOM,23.1751,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production, original value 6.09 MEUR/PJ VAROM",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,efficiency,0.45,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production. Converted from 0.292 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,investment,446537.78,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for Brazilian production,2015.0 -fuel cell,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -fuel cell,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -fuel cell,investment,846.5773,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -fuelwood,fuel,11.9967,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOO (FuelwoodRW), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -gas,CO2 intensity,0.198,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 50 GJ/t CH4,, -gas,fuel,24.568,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -gas boiler steam,FOM,3.74,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,VOM,1.007,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.94,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -gas boiler steam,investment,45.7727,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -gas storage,FOM,0.5368,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",150 Underground Storage of Gas: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -gas storage,investment,0.2366,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",150 Underground Storage of Gas: Specific investment,2020.0 -gas storage,lifetime,100.0,years,TODO no source,"150 Underground Storage of Gas: estimation: most underground storage are already built, they do have a long lifetime",2020.0 -gas storage charger,investment,15.2479,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",,2020.0 -gas storage discharger,investment,5.0826,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",,2020.0 -geothermal,CO2 intensity,0.12,tCO2/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",Likely to be improved; Average of 85 percent of global egs power plant capacity; Result of fluid circulation through rock formations,2020.0 -geothermal,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",See Supplemental Material of source for details,2020.0 -geothermal,district heat surcharge,25.0,%,Frey et al. 2022: Techno-Economic Assessment of Geothermal Resources in the Variscan Basement of the Northern Upper Rhine Graben,"If capital cost of electric generation from EGS is 100%, district heating adds additional 25%. Costs incurred by piping.",2020.0 -geothermal,district heat-input,0.8,MWh_thdh/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, District Heat-output. This is an assessment of typical heat losses when heat is transmitted from the EGS plant to the DH network, This is a rough estimate, depends on local conditions",2020.0 -geothermal,lifetime,30.0,years,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",,2020.0 -helmeth,FOM,3.0,%/year,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -helmeth,efficiency,0.8,per unit,HELMETH press release, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -helmeth,investment,2116.4433,EUR/kW,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -helmeth,lifetime,25.0,years,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -home battery inverter,FOM,0.9,%/year,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -home battery inverter,efficiency,0.96,per unit,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2020.0 -home battery inverter,investment,92.9715,EUR/kW,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2020.0 -home battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -home battery storage,investment,115.4789,EUR/kWh,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2020.0 -home battery storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -hydro,FOM,1.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -hydro,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -hydro,investment,2274.8177,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 -hydro,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,FOM,11.3,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","55.28 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ OPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15).",,2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,electricity-input,1.03,MWh_el/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ reduced by electricity demand of process ‘EAF’.,2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,hydrogen-input,2.1,MWh_H2/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2022-12-05). ","63 kg H2/t steel for process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ according to documentation (raw input files for MPP model list 73 kg H2 / t steel, which seems to high and is probably incorrect).",2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,investment,4277858.0,EUR/t_HBI/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","488.34 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ CAPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,ore-input,1.59,t_ore/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03). ",Based on process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’.,2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,compression-electricity-input,0.05,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.",1.707 kWh/kg.,2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,investment,87.69,EUR/kW_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.","2923 EUR/kg_H2. For a 206 kg/h compressor. Base CAPEX 40 528 EUR/kW_el with scale factor 0.4603. kg_H2 converted to MWh using LHV. Pressure range: 30 bar in, 250 bar out.",2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,lifetime,15.0,years,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,investment,13.5,EUR/kWh_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.","450 EUR/kg_H2 converted with LHV to MWh. For a type 1 hydrogen storage tank (steel, 15-250 bar). Currency year assumed 2020 for initial publication of reference; observe note in SI.4.3 that no currency year is explicitly stated in the reference.",2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,lifetime,20.0,years,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,min_fill_level,6.0,%,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,FOM,1.9048,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,investment,22.3314,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Specific investment,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,FOM,0.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,VOM,0.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Variable O&M,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,investment,1.2761,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Specific investment,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,lifetime,100.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,FOM,0.0857,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,VOM,3.1418,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Variable O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,efficiency,3.2,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,investment,845.88,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Nominal investment,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,FOM,0.1029,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,VOM,3.1418,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Variable O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,efficiency,2.85,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,investment,704.9,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -iron ore DRI-ready,commodity,97.73,EUR/t,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://missionpossiblepartnership.org/action-sectors/steel/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","DRI ready assumes 65% iron content, requiring no additional benefication.",2020.0 -iron-air battery,FOM,1.1808,%/year,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery,investment,11.1494,EUR/kWh,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery,lifetime,17.5,years,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery charge,efficiency,0.74,per unit,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery discharge,efficiency,0.63,per unit,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -lignite,CO2 intensity,0.4069,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid-Emissionen des deutschen Strommix in den Jahren 1990 - 2018,, -lignite,FOM,1.31,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,VOM,3.2612,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3+5.5)USD/MWh_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR). Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,efficiency,0.33,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. 1 / ((8.75+12) MMbtu/MWh_th /2 / (3.4095 MMbtu/MWh_th)), rounded up. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,fuel,3.2985,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on IEA 2011 data, 10 USD/t.",2010.0 -lignite,investment,3827.1629,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Higher costs include coal plants with CCS, but since using here for calculating the average nevertheless. Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3200+6775) USD/kW_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR). Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf .",2023.0 -lignite,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -methanation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.2.3.1",,2017.0 -methanation,carbondioxide-input,0.198,t_CO2/MWh_CH4,"Götz et al. (2016): Renewable Power-to-Gas: A technological and economic review (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2015.07.066), Fig. 11 .",Additional H2 required for methanation process (2x H2 amount compared to stochiometric conversion)., -methanation,efficiency,0.8,per unit,Palzer and Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -methanation,hydrogen-input,1.282,MWh_H2/MWh_CH4,,Based on ideal conversion process of stochiometric composition (1 t CH4 contains 750 kg of carbon)., -methanation,investment,519.7389,EUR/kW_CH4,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 6: “Reference scenario”.",,2017.0 -methanation,lifetime,20.0,years,Guesstimate.,"Based on lifetime for methanolisation, Fischer-Tropsch plants.",2017.0 -methane storage tank incl. compressor,FOM,1.9,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor by DEA.",Based on assumptions for hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor (by DEA).,2014.0 -methane storage tank incl. compressor,investment,8961.5075,EUR/m^3,Storage costs per l: https://www.compositesworld.com/articles/pressure-vessels-for-alternative-fuels-2014-2023 (2021-02-10).,"Assume 5USD/l (= 4.23 EUR/l at 1.17 USD/EUR exchange rate) for type 1 pressure vessel for 200 bar storage and 100% surplus costs for including compressor costs with storage, based on similar assumptions by DEA for compressed hydrogen storage tanks.",2014.0 -methane storage tank incl. compressor,lifetime,30.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor by DEA.",Based on assumptions for hydrogen storage tank 1 including compressor (by DEA).,2014.0 -methanol,CO2 intensity,0.2482,tCO2/MWh_th,,, -methanol-to-kerosene,FOM,4.5,%/year,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",,2020.0 -methanol-to-kerosene,VOM,1.35,EUR/MWh_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",,2020.0 -methanol-to-kerosene,hydrogen-input,0.0279,MWh_H2/MWh_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 6.","Assuming LHV 11.94 kWh/kg for kerosene, 5.54 kWh/kg for methanol, 33.3 kWh/kg for hydrogen.", -methanol-to-kerosene,investment,200000.0,EUR/MW_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",,2020.0 -methanol-to-kerosene,lifetime,30.0,years,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",, -methanol-to-kerosene,methanol-input,1.0764,MWh_MeOH/MWh_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 6.","Assuming LHV 11.94 kWh/kg for kerosene, 5.54 kWh/kg for methanol, 33.3 kWh/kg for hydrogen.", -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,FOM,3.0,%/year,Guesstimate,same as steam cracker,2015.0 -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,VOM,31.7466,EUR/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35", ,2015.0 -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,carbondioxide-output,0.6107,t_CO2/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Sections 4.5 (for ethylene and propylene) and 4.6 (for BTX)","Weighted average: 0.4 t_MeOH/t_ethylene+propylene for 21.7 Mt of ethylene and 17 Mt of propylene, 1.13 t_CO2/t_BTX for 15.7 Mt of BTX. The report also references process emissions of 0.55 t_MeOH/t_ethylene+propylene elsewhere. ", -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,electricity-input,1.3889,MWh_el/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), page 69",5 GJ/t_HVC , -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,investment,2781006.4359,EUR/(t_HVC/h),"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",Assuming CAPEX of 1200 €/t actually given in €/(t/a).,2015.0 -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,lifetime,30.0,years,Guesstimate,same as steam cracker, -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,methanol-input,18.03,MWh_MeOH/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Sections 4.5 (for ethylene and propylene) and 4.6 (for BTX)","Weighted average: 2.83 t_MeOH/t_ethylene+propylene for 21.7 Mt of ethylene and 17 Mt of propylene, 4.2 t_MeOH/t_BTX for 15.7 Mt of BTX. Assuming 5.54 MWh_MeOH/t_MeOH. ", -methanolisation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.1.",,2017.0 -methanolisation,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -methanolisation,carbondioxide-input,0.248,t_CO2/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 66.",, -methanolisation,electricity-input,0.271,MWh_e/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 65.",, -methanolisation,heat-output,0.1,MWh_th/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 65.",steam generation of 2 GJ/t_MeOH, -methanolisation,hydrogen-input,1.138,MWh_H2/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 64.",189 kg_H2 per t_MeOH, -methanolisation,investment,519738.882,EUR/MW_MeOH,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 8: “Reference scenario”.","Well developed technology, no significant learning expected.",2017.0 -methanolisation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (04/2022), Data sheet “Methanol to Power”.",,2017.0 -micro CHP,FOM,6.4286,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -micro CHP,efficiency,0.351,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Electric efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -micro CHP,efficiency-heat,0.609,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -micro CHP,investment,6099.1099,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 -micro CHP,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,FOM,11.3,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,gas-input,2.78,MWh_NG/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",Original value 10 GJ/t_DRI.,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,investment,4277858.0,EUR/t_HBI/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.","488.34 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ CAPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,ore-input,1.59,t_ore/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",, -nuclear,FOM,1.27,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (131.5+152.75)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) relative to investment costs.",2023.0 -nuclear,VOM,3.5464,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (4.25+5)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 -nuclear,efficiency,0.326,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on heat rate of 10.45 MMBtu/MWh_e and 3.4095 MMBtu/MWh_th, i.e. 1/(10.45/3.4095) = 0.3260.",2023.0 -nuclear,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -nuclear,investment,8594.1354,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (8475+13925)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 -nuclear,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 -offwind,FOM,2.1655,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Fixed O&M [EUR/MW_e/y, 2020]",2020.0 -offwind,VOM,0.0212,EUR/MWhel,RES costs made up to fix curtailment order, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind,investment,1523.9311,"EUR/kW_e, 2020","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Nominal investment [MEUR/MW_e, 2020] grid connection costs subtracted from investment costs",2020.0 -offwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2841.3251,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,1420.1334,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-ac-station,investment,264.5554,EUR/kWel,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2116.4433,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,1058.2216,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017; average + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-station,investment,423.2887,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017; assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-float,FOM,1.39,%/year,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0 -offwind-float,investment,1580.0,EUR/kWel,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0 -offwind-float,lifetime,20.0,years,C. Maienza 2020 A life cycle cost model for floating offshore wind farms,,2020.0 -offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2118.5597,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf,,2014.0 -offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,1039.4778,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017, average + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 -offwind-float-station,investment,415.7911,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017, assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 -oil,CO2 intensity,0.2571,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 44 GJ/t diesel and -CH2- approximation of diesel,, -oil,FOM,2.4095,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -oil,VOM,6.3493,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0 -oil,efficiency,0.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","50 Diesel engine farm: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -oil,fuel,52.9111,EUR/MWhth,IEA WEM2017 97USD/boe = http://www.iea.org/media/weowebsite/2017/WEM_Documentation_WEO2017.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -oil,investment,355.5625,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Specific investment,2015.0 -oil,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -onwind,FOM,1.1775,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -onwind,VOM,1.2857,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Variable O&M,2015.0 -onwind,investment,1019.1375,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Nominal investment ,2015.0 -onwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -organic rankine cycle,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551","Both for flash, binary and ORC plants. See Supplemental Material for details",2020.0 -organic rankine cycle,electricity-input,0.12,MWh_el/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, Electricity-output. This is a rough estimate, depends on input temperature, implies ~150 C.",2020.0 -organic rankine cycle,investment,1376.0,EUR/kW_el,Tartiere and Astolfi 2017: A world overview of the organic Rankine cycle market,"Low rollout complicates the estimation, compounded by a dependence both on plant size and temperature, converted from 1500 USD/kW using currency conversion 1.09 USD = 1 EUR.",2020.0 -organic rankine cycle,lifetime,30.0,years,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",,2020.0 -ror,FOM,2.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -ror,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -ror,investment,3412.2266,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 -ror,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -seawater RO desalination,electricity-input,0.003,MWHh_el/t_H2O,"Caldera et al. (2016): Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Fig. 4.",Desalination using SWRO. Assume medium salinity of 35 Practical Salinity Units (PSUs) = 35 kg/m^3., -seawater desalination,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2015.0 -seawater desalination,electricity-input,3.0348,kWh/m^3-H2O,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Fig. 4.",, -seawater desalination,investment,22249.7881,EUR/(m^3-H2O/h),"Caldera et al 2017: Learning Curve for Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination Plants: Capital Cost Trend of the Past, Present, and Future (https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR021402), Table 4.",,2015.0 -seawater desalination,lifetime,30.0,years,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",, -shipping fuel methanol,CO2 intensity,0.2482,tCO2/MWh_th,-,Based on stochiometric composition.,2020.0 -shipping fuel methanol,fuel,72.0,EUR/MWh_th,"Based on (source 1) Hampp et al (2022), https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.01092, and (source 2): https://www.methanol.org/methanol-price-supply-demand/; both accessed: 2022-12-03.",400 EUR/t assuming range roughly in the long-term range for green methanol (source 1) and late 2020+beyond values for grey methanol (source 2).,2020.0 -solar,FOM,2.0676,%/year,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop' and 50% 'solar-utility',2020.0 -solar,VOM,0.0106,EUR/MWhel,RES costs made up to fix curtailment order, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -solar,investment,408.7174,EUR/kW_e,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop' and 50% 'solar-utility',2020.0 -solar,lifetime,40.0,years,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop' and 50% 'solar-utility',2020.0 -solar-rooftop,FOM,1.6059,%/year,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop,discount rate,0.04,per unit,standard for decentral, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -solar-rooftop,investment,524.8579,EUR/kW_e,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop,lifetime,40.0,years,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,FOM,1.812,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,investment,413.9018,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,FOM,1.3998,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,investment,635.814,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-utility,FOM,2.5292,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-utility,investment,292.5769,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-utility,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,FOM,2.5531,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,investment,352.5127,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solid biomass,CO2 intensity,0.3667,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 18 GJ/t_DM LHV and 50% C-content for solid biomass,, -solid biomass,fuel,13.6489,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOOW1 (secondary forest residue wood chips), ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,FOM,6.2831,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,VOM,2.8679,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,efficiency,0.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,investment,540.1182,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,FOM,6.2831,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,VOM,2.8679,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,efficiency,0.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,investment,540.1182,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -solid biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -solid biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -solid biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.56,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, -solid biomass to hydrogen,investment,2648.1996,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,FOM,5.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",CO2 volume captured / (Stream flowrate * Max. capacity utilization * CO2 in exhaust * 8760),2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,investment,3561435.753,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 1342 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 3324000 t/year",2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -uranium,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -waste CHP,FOM,2.2917,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -waste CHP,VOM,27.0247,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -waste CHP,c_b,0.3034,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP,efficiency,0.2165,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7625,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP,investment,7480.4488,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -waste CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,FOM,2.2917,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,VOM,27.0247,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,c_b,0.3034,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,efficiency,0.2165,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.7625,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,investment,7480.4488,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -water tank charger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -water tank discharger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 diff --git a/ariadne-data/costs/optimist/costs_2020.csv b/ariadne-data/costs/optimist/costs_2020.csv deleted file mode 100644 index 46eda012c..000000000 --- a/ariadne-data/costs/optimist/costs_2020.csv +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1238 +0,0 @@ -technology,parameter,value,unit,source,further description,currency_year -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,FOM,6.4,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,VOM,0.6142,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,electricity-input,1.5,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,investment,711.9042,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,lifetime,40.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,FOM,18.1,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,VOM,0.2389,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,electricity-input,1.633,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,investment,566.0884,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,FOM,18.1,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,VOM,1.0919,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,electricity-input,1.62,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,investment,984.8823,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW, -Ammonia cracker,FOM,4.3,%/year,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 7.","Estimated based on Labour cost rate, Maintenance cost rate, Insurance rate, Admin. cost rate and Chemical & other consumables cost rate.",2015.0 -Ammonia cracker,ammonia-input,1.46,MWh_NH3/MWh_H2,"ENGIE et al (2020): Ammonia to Green Hydrogen Feasibility Study (https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/880826/HS420_-_Ecuity_-_Ammonia_to_Green_Hydrogen.pdf), Fig. 10.",Assuming a integrated 200t/d cracking and purification facility. Electricity demand (316 MWh per 2186 MWh_LHV H2 output) is assumed to also be ammonia LHV input which seems a fair assumption as the facility has options for a higher degree of integration according to the report)., -Ammonia cracker,investment,1123945.3807,EUR/MW_H2,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 6.",Calculated. For a small (200 t_NH3/d input) facility. Base cost for facility: 51 MEUR at capacity 20 000m^3_NH3/h = 339 t_NH3/d input. Cost scaling exponent 0.67. Ammonia density 0.7069 kg/m^3. Conversion efficiency of cracker: 0.685. Ammonia LHV: 5.167 MWh/t_NH3.; and Calculated. For a large (2500 t_NH3/d input) facility. Base cost for facility: 51 MEUR at capacity 20 000m^3_NH3/h = 339 t_NH3/d input. Cost scaling exponent 0.67. Ammonia density 0.7069 kg/m^3. Conversion efficiency of cracker: 0.685. Ammonia LHV: 5.167 MWh/t_NH3.,2015.0 -Ammonia cracker,lifetime,25.0,years,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 7.",,2015.0 -BEV Bus city,FOM,0.0001,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,Motor size,300.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,efficiency,0.97,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,investment,409373.5872,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Coach,FOM,0.0001,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,Motor size,250.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,efficiency,0.9613,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,investment,489913.3908,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,Motor size,400.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,efficiency,1.5362,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,investment,325191.1729,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,lifetime,10.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,Motor size,330.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,efficiency,0.9603,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,investment,338623.152,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,Motor size,490.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,efficiency,1.6988,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,investment,360694.2014,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),FOM,0.9,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),efficiency,0.68,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),investment,33000.0,EUR/PKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (trucks),FOM,14.0,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (trucks),2020.0 -Battery electric (trucks),investment,204067.0,EUR/LKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (trucks),2020.0 -Battery electric (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (trucks),2020.0 -BioSNG,C in fuel,0.324,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,C stored,0.676,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,CO2 stored,0.2479,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,FOM,1.608,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Fixed O&M",2020.0 -BioSNG,VOM,2.8712,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Variable O&M",2020.0 -BioSNG,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -BioSNG,efficiency,0.6,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Bio SNG Output",2020.0 -BioSNG,investment,2658.5,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Specific investment",2020.0 -BioSNG,lifetime,25.0,years,TODO,"84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -BtL,C in fuel,0.2455,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,C stored,0.7545,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,CO2 stored,0.2767,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,FOM,2.4,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Fixed O&M",2020.0 -BtL,VOM,1.1299,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Variable O&M",2020.0 -BtL,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -BtL,efficiency,0.35,per unit,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Electricity Output",2020.0 -BtL,investment,3638.1722,EUR/kW_th,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Specific investment",2017.0 -BtL,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Technical lifetime",2020.0 -CCGT,FOM,3.3295,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -CCGT,VOM,4.6562,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Variable O&M",2015.0 -CCGT,c_b,1.8,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -CCGT,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -CCGT,efficiency,0.56,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -CCGT,investment,931.235,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Nominal investment",2015.0 -CCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -CH4 (g) fill compressor station,FOM,1.7,%/year,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0 -CH4 (g) fill compressor station,investment,1654.96,EUR/MW_CH4,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station cost.","Assume same ratio as between H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station, i.e. 1:19 , due to a lack of reliable numbers.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) fill compressor station,lifetime,20.0,years,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,FOM,1.5,%/year,Assume same as for H2 (g) pipeline in 2050 (CH4 pipeline as mature technology).,"Due to lack of numbers, use comparable H2 pipeline assumptions.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,electricity-input,0.01,MW_e/1000km/MW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: 112 6 gas Main distri line.","Assumption for gas pipeline >100MW, 0.1% per station and spacing of 100km yields 1%/1000km. Electric compression.",2015.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,investment,87.22,EUR/MW/km,Guesstimate.,"Based on Arab Gas Pipeline: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Gas_Pipeline: cost = 1.2e9 $-US (year = ?), capacity=10.3e9 m^3/a NG, l=1200km, NG-LHV=39MJ/m^3*90% (also Wikipedia estimate from here https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_of_combustion). Presumed to include booster station cost.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,lifetime,50.0,years,Assume same as for H2 (g) pipeline in 2050 (CH4 pipeline as mature technology).,"Due to lack of numbers, use comparable H2 pipeline assumptions.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,FOM,3.0,%/year,"d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material.",-,2015.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,electricity-input,0.01,MW_e/1000km/MW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: 112 6 gas Main distri line.","Assumption for gas pipeline >100MW, 0.1% per station and spacing of 100km yields 1%/1000km. Electric compression.",2015.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,investment,119.3173,EUR/MW/km,Kaiser (2017): 10.1016/j.marpol.2017.05.003 .,"Based on Gulfstream pipeline costs (430 mi long pipeline for natural gas in deep/shallow waters) of 2.72e6 USD/mi and 1.31 bn ft^3/d capacity (36 in diameter), LHV of methane 13.8888 MWh/t and density of 0.657 kg/m^3 and 1.17 USD:1EUR conversion rate = 102.4 EUR/MW/km. Number is without booster station cost. Estimation of additional cost for booster stations based on H2 (g) pipeline numbers from Guidehouse (2020): European Hydrogen Backbone report and Danish Energy Agency (2021): Technology Data for Energy Transport, were booster stations make ca. 6% of pipeline cost; here add additional 10% for booster stations as they need to be constructed submerged or on plattforms. (102.4*1.1).",2014.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,lifetime,30.0,years,"d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material.",-,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,capacity,58300.0,t_CH4,"Calculated, based on Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",based on 138 000 m^3 capacity and LNG density of 0.4226 t/m^3 .,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,investment,159791465.6831,EUR,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,lifetime,25.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2015.0 -CH4 evaporation,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 evaporation,investment,91.1101,EUR/kW_CH4,"Calculated, based on Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306","based on 100 MUSD-2005/(1 bcm/a), 1 bcm = 10.6 TWh, currency exchange rate: 1.15 USD=1 EUR.",2005.0 -CH4 evaporation,lifetime,30.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,electricity-input,0.036,MWh_el/MWh_CH4,"Pospíšil et al. (2019): Energy demand of liquefaction and regasification of natural gas and the potential of LNG for operative thermal energy storage (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.09.027), Table 2 and Table 3. alternative source 2: https://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/methane (accessed 2021-02-10).","Assuming 0.5 MWh/t_CH4 for refigeration cycle based on Table 2 of source; cleaning of gas presumed unnecessary as it should be nearly pure CH4 (=SNG). Assuming energy required is only electricity which is for Table 3 in the source provided with efficiencies of ~50% of LHV, making the numbers consistent with the numbers in Table 2.", -CH4 liquefaction,investment,241.443,EUR/kW_CH4,"Calculated, based on Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306","based on 265 MUSD-2005/(1 bcm/a), 1 bcm = 10.6 TWh, currency exchange rate: 1.15 USD=1 EUR.",2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,lifetime,25.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,methane-input,1.0,MWh_CH4/MWh_CH4,"Pospíšil et al. (2019): Energy demand of liquefaction and regasification of natural gas and the potential of LNG for operative thermal energy storage (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.09.027), Table 2 and Table 3. alternative source 2: https://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/methane (accessed 2021-02-10).","For refrigeration cycle, cleaning of gas presumed unnecessary as it should be nearly pure CH4 (=SNG). Assuming energy required is only electricity which is for Table 3 in the source provided with efficiencies of ~50% of LHV, making the numbers consistent with the numbers in Table 2.", -CO2 liquefaction,FOM,5.0,%/year,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,,2004.0 -CO2 liquefaction,carbondioxide-input,1.0,t_CO2/t_CO2,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,"Assuming a pure, humid, low-pressure input stream. Neglecting possible gross-effects of CO2 which might be cycled for the cooling process.", -CO2 liquefaction,electricity-input,0.123,MWh_el/t_CO2,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,, -CO2 liquefaction,heat-input,0.0067,MWh_th/t_CO2,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,For drying purposes., -CO2 liquefaction,investment,16.7226,EUR/t_CO2/h,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,"Plant capacity of 20 kt CO2 / d and an uptime of 85%. For a high purity, humid, low pressure input stream, includes drying and compression necessary for liquefaction.",2004.0 -CO2 liquefaction,lifetime,25.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on CH4 liquefaction.",,2004.0 -CO2 pipeline,FOM,0.9,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",,2015.0 -CO2 pipeline,investment,2116.4433,EUR/(tCO2/h)/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",Assuming the 120-500 t CO2/h range that is based on cost of a 12 inch onshore pipeline.,2015.0 -CO2 pipeline,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",,2015.0 -CO2 storage tank,FOM,1.0,%/year,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, pg. 2746 .","Assuming a 3000m^3 pressurised steel cylinder tanks and a CO2 density of 1100 kg/m^3 (close to triple point at -56.6°C and 5.2 bar with max density of 1200kg/m^3 ). Lauri et al. report costs 3x higher per m^3 for steel tanks, which are consistent with other sources. The numbers reported are in rather difficult to pinpoint as systems can greatly vary.",2013.0 -CO2 storage tank,investment,2584.3462,EUR/t_CO2,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, Table 3.","Assuming a 3000m^3 pressurised steel cylinder tanks and a CO2 density of 1100 kg/m^3 (close to triple point at -56.6°C and 5.2 bar with max density of 1200kg/m^3 ). Lauri et al. report costs 3x higher per m^3 for steel tanks, which are consistent with other sources. The numbers reported are in rather difficult to pinpoint as systems can greatly vary.",2013.0 -CO2 storage tank,lifetime,25.0,years,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, pg. 2746 .","Assuming a 3000m^3 pressurised steel cylinder tanks and a CO2 density of 1100 kg/m^3 (close to triple point at -56.6°C and 5.2 bar with max density of 1200kg/m^3 ). Lauri et al. report costs 3x higher per m^3 for steel tanks, which are consistent with other sources. The numbers reported are in rather difficult to pinpoint as systems can greatly vary.",2013.0 -CO2 submarine pipeline,FOM,0.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",,2015.0 -CO2 submarine pipeline,investment,4232.8865,EUR/(tCO2/h)/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",Assuming the 120-500 t CO2/h range that is based on cost of a 12 inch offshore pipeline.,2015.0 -Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,FOM,1.6,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,investment,629102.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,FOM,2.2,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,investment,2243051.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,FOM,2.2,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,investment,2243051.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,FOM,1.8,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,investment,1283.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,FOM,0.9265,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.64 (p.86) Figure 4.14","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,efficiency,0.7211,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.52^0.5']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,investment,946180.9426,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Turbine Compressor BOP EPC Management']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-store,FOM,0.43,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB 4.5.2.1 Fixed O&M p.62 (p.84)","{'carrier': ['pair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-store,investment,5448.7894,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.64 (p.86)","{'carrier': ['pair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Cavern Storage']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['pair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,investment,188018.4103,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,efficiency,0.4343,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,investment,752073.6414,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Concrete-store,FOM,0.3231,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['concrete'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Concrete-store,investment,29432.5788,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['concrete'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -Concrete-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['concrete'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -"Container feeder, ammonia",efficiency,0.7754,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container feeder, ammonia",investment,41959454.4301,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container feeder, ammonia",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container feeder, diesel",efficiency,0.7718,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, diesel",2023.0 -"Container feeder, diesel",investment,34966212.0251,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, diesel",2023.0 -"Container feeder, diesel",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, diesel",2023.0 -"Container feeder, methanol",efficiency,0.7711,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, methanol",2023.0 -"Container feeder, methanol",investment,38462833.2276,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, methanol",2023.0 -"Container feeder, methanol",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, methanol",2023.0 -"Container, ammonia",efficiency,1.7094,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container, ammonia",investment,143583536.7421,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container, ammonia",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container, diesel",efficiency,1.6399,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, diesel",2023.0 -"Container, diesel",investment,119652947.2851,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, diesel",2023.0 -"Container, diesel",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, diesel",2023.0 -"Container, methanol",efficiency,1.7001,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, methanol",2023.0 -"Container, methanol",investment,131618242.0136,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, methanol",2023.0 -"Container, methanol",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, methanol",2023.0 -Diesel Bus city,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,Motor size,250.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,efficiency,2.4356,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,investment,150756.2732,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,Motor size,350.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,efficiency,2.5466,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,investment,231296.0768,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,FOM,0.0005,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,Motor size,380.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,efficiency,3.5523,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,investment,142012.114,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,lifetime,10.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,Motor size,220.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,efficiency,2.4961,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,investment,155444.0931,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,Motor size,382.3529,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,efficiency,3.625,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,investment,177515.1425,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,FOM,0.0001,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,Motor size,364.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,VOM,0.0979,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,efficiency,1.7805,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,investment,382675.3098,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Coach,FOM,0.0001,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,Motor size,364.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,efficiency,1.7747,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,investment,889942.5809,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,Motor size,475.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,efficiency,2.7537,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,investment,348679.5032,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,lifetime,10.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,Motor size,350.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,efficiency,1.8629,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,investment,293681.0517,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,Motor size,350.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,efficiency,3.0727,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,investment,315752.1011,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FT fuel transport ship,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -FT fuel transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_FTfuel,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -FT fuel transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -FT fuel transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.1.",,2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,VOM,5.636,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",102 Hydrogen to Jet: Variable O&M,2020.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -Fischer-Tropsch,carbondioxide-input,0.36,t_CO2/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","Input per 1t FT liquid fuels output, carbon efficiency increases with years (4.3, 3.9, 3.6, 3.3 t_CO2/t_FT from 2020-2050 with LHV 11.95 MWh_th/t_FT).", -Fischer-Tropsch,efficiency,0.799,per unit,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.2.",,2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,electricity-input,0.008,MWh_el/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","0.005 MWh_el input per FT output, output increasing from 2020 to 2050 (0.65, 0.7, 0.73, 0.75 MWh liquid FT output).", -Fischer-Tropsch,hydrogen-input,1.531,MWh_H2/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","0.995 MWh_H2 per output, output increasing from 2020 to 2050 (0.65, 0.7, 0.73, 0.75 MWh liquid FT output).", -Fischer-Tropsch,investment,819108.478,EUR/MW_FT,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 8: “Reference scenario”.","Well developed technology, no significant learning expected.",2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (04/2022), Data sheet “Methanol to Power”.",,2017.0 -Gasnetz,FOM,2.5,%,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz,2020.0 -Gasnetz,investment,28.0,EUR/kWGas,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz,2020.0 -Gasnetz,lifetime,30.0,years,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz,2020.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),FOM,6.25,%/year,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , figure 7 and pg. 12 .",Assuming ca. 10 EUR/m^3/a (center value between stand alone and addon facility).,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),investment,137.8999,EUR/m^3,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 8F .",Assumed 20% lower than for product storage. Crude or middle distillate tanks are usually larger compared to product storage due to lower requirements on safety and different construction method. Reference size used here: 80 000 – 120 000 m^3 .,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),lifetime,30.0,years,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 11.",,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),FOM,6.25,%/year,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , figure 7 and pg. 12 .",Assuming ca. 10 EUR/m^3/a (center value between stand alone and addon facility).,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),investment,172.3748,EUR/m^3,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 8F .",Assumed at the higher end for addon facilities/mid-range for stand-alone facilities. Product storage usually smaller due to higher requirements on safety and different construction method. Reference size used here: 40 000 - 60 000 m^3 .,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),lifetime,30.0,years,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 11.",,2012.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.76 (p.98) Sentence 1 in 4.7.2 Operating Costs","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['1.5 percent of capital cost']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,efficiency,0.9274,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.36","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.86^0.5']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,investment,415570.5177,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 0% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,lifetime,41.7,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.36","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-store,investment,187325.7928,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 15% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['gravity'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Gravitational Capital (SB+BOS)']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-store,lifetime,41.7,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.36","{'carrier': ['gravity'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.76 (p.98) Sentence 1 in 4.7.2 Operating Costs","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['1.5 percent of capital cost']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,efficiency,0.9014,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level ((0.785+0.84)/2)^0.5']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,investment,365630.713,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 0% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-store,investment,144713.4654,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 15% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['gravitywa'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Gravitational Capital (SB+BOS)']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['gravitywa'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.76 (p.98) Sentence 1 in 4.7.2 Operating Costs","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['1.5 percent of capital cost']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,efficiency,0.9014,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level ((0.785+0.84)/2)^0.5']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,investment,905158.9602,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 0% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-store,investment,113887.5264,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 15% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['gravitywu'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Gravitational Capital (SB+BOS)']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['gravitywu'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -H2 (g) fill compressor station,FOM,1.7,%/year,"Guidehouse 2020: European Hydrogen Backbone report, https://guidehouse.com/-/media/www/site/downloads/energy/2020/gh_european-hydrogen-backbone_report.pdf (table 3, table 5)","Pessimistic (highest) value chosen for 48'' pipeline w/ 13GW_H2 LHV @ 100bar pressure. Currency year: Not clearly specified, assuming year of publication. Forecast year: Not clearly specified, guessing based on text remarks.",2020.0 -H2 (g) fill compressor station,investment,4738.7164,EUR/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), pg. 164, Figure 14 (Fill compressor).","Assumption for staging 35→140bar, 6000 MW_HHV single line pipeline. Considering HHV/LHV ration for H2.",2015.0 -H2 (g) fill compressor station,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), pg. 168, Figure 24 (Fill compressor).",,2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, > 6000 MW_HHV single line pipeline, incl. booster station investments. Considering LHV by scaling with LHV/HHV=0.8462623413.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,electricity-input,0.021,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,investment,303.6845,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 4.4 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, > 6000 MW_HHV single line pipeline, incl. booster station investments. Considering LHV by scaling with LHV/HHV=0.8462623413.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.",Same as for new H2 (g) pipeline.,2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,electricity-input,0.021,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,investment,129.4682,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line repurposed pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 0.8 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.",Same as for new H2 (g) pipeline.,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,FOM,3.0,%/year,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,electricity-input,0.021,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,investment,456.1165,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line offshore pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 7.48 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,lifetime,30.0,years,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,FOM,3.0,%/year,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,electricity-input,0.021,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,investment,160.1562,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line repurposed offshore pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 1.5 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,lifetime,30.0,years,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (l) storage tank,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.",Assuming currency year and technology year here (25 EUR/kg).,2015.0 -H2 (l) storage tank,investment,793.7456,EUR/MWh_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.","Assuming currency year and technology year here (25 EUR/kg). Future target cost. Today’s cost potentially higher according to d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material pg. 16.",2015.0 -H2 (l) storage tank,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.",Assuming currency year and technology year here (25 EUR/kg).,2015.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,capacity,11000.0,t_H2,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,investment,393737000.0,EUR,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,lifetime,20.0,years,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 evaporation,FOM,2.5,%/year,"DNV GL (2020): Study on the Import of Liquid Renewable Energy: Technology Cost Assessment, https://www.gie.eu/wp-content/uploads/filr/2598/DNV-GL_Study-GLE-Technologies-and-costs-analysis-on-imports-of-liquid-renewable-energy.pdf .",,2020.0 -H2 evaporation,investment,146.8405,EUR/kW_H2,"IRENA (2022): Global Hydrogen Trade to Meet the 1.5° Climate Goal: Technology Review of Hydrogen Carriers, https://www.irena.org/publications/2022/Apr/Global-hydrogen-trade-Part-II , pg. 62f.","Pessimistic assumption for large scale facility / near-term estimate for medium sized facility, in between low / mid estimate with e.g. DNV numbers (Fig. 3.15).; and Optimistic assumption for large scale facility 2500 t/d, cf Fig. 3.15 .",2022.0 -H2 evaporation,lifetime,20.0,years,Guesstimate.,Based on lifetime of liquefaction plant.,2015.0 -H2 liquefaction,FOM,2.5,%/year,"DNV GL (2020): Study on the Import of Liquid Renewable Energy: Technology Cost Assessment, https://www.gie.eu/wp-content/uploads/filr/2598/DNV-GL_Study-GLE-Technologies-and-costs-analysis-on-imports-of-liquid-renewable-energy.pdf .",,2020.0 -H2 liquefaction,electricity-input,0.203,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"Heuser et al. (2019): Techno-economic analysis of a potential energy trading link between Patagonia and Japan based on CO2 free hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.12.156), table 1.","6.78 kWh/kg_H2, considering H2 with LHV of 33.3333 MWh/t", -H2 liquefaction,hydrogen-input,1.017,MWh_H2/MWh_H2,"Heuser et al. (2019): Techno-economic analysis of a potential energy trading link between Patagonia and Japan based on CO2 free hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.12.156), table 1.",corresponding to 1.65% losses during liquefaction, -H2 liquefaction,investment,889.9426,EUR/kW_H2,"IRENA (2022): Global Hydrogen Trade to Meet the 1.5° Climate Goal: Technology Review of Hydrogen Carriers, https://www.irena.org/publications/2022/Apr/Global-hydrogen-trade-Part-II , pg. 62f.","Assumption for a 200t/d facility (Pessimistic long-term or optimistic short-term value).; and Assumption for a large >300t/d, e.g. 2500 t/d facility (Optimistic long-term value without change in base technology mentioned in report).",2022.0 -H2 liquefaction,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2022.0 -H2 pipeline,FOM,3.0,%/year,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -H2 pipeline,investment,282.5452,EUR/MW/km,Welder et al https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.05.059, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -H2 pipeline,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,FOM,5.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,VOM,0.5118,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,electricity-input,0.097,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification,investment,1467.9399,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification,wood-input,1.804,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification CC,FOM,5.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification CC,VOM,0.5232,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification CC,electricity-input,0.143,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification CC,investment,1489.0957,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification CC,wood-input,1.804,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification,FOM,5.9,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification,VOM,0.6677,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification,coal-input,1.77,MWh_coal/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification,electricity-input,0.07,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification,investment,526.0516,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification CC,FOM,7.9,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification CC,VOM,0.2275,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification CC,coal-input,1.77,MWh_coal/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification CC,electricity-input,0.111,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification CC,investment,591.9076,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,FOM,5.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,VOM,0.1592,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,electricity-input,0.063,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,investment,491.1331,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,lifetime,25.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,oil-input,1.3,MWh_oil/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,FOM,4.9,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,VOM,0.3298,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,electricity-input,0.02,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,gas-input,1.32,MWh_NG/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,investment,228.8467,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,FOM,5.2,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,VOM,0.6028,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,electricity-input,0.05,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,gas-input,1.52,MWh_NG/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,investment,310.2851,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,FOM,4.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,VOM,0.7393,EUR/MWh,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,electricity-input,0.044,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,investment,590.6564,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,wood-input,1.36,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -HVAC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVAC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVAC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,investment,165803.0398,EUR/MW,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC submarine,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0 -HVDC submarine,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1,2017.0 -HVDC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0 -HVDC underground,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 -HVDC underground,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1 (same as for HVDC submarine),2017.0 -HVDC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 -Haber-Bosch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,VOM,0.0225,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Variable O&M,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,electricity-input,0.2473,MWh_el/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), table 11.",Assume 5 GJ/t_NH3 for compressors and NH3 LHV = 5.16666 MWh/t_NH3., -Haber-Bosch,hydrogen-input,1.1484,MWh_H2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.","178 kg_H2 per t_NH3, LHV for both assumed.", -Haber-Bosch,investment,1785.0713,EUR/kW_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,nitrogen-input,0.1597,t_N2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.",".33 MWh electricity are required for ASU per t_NH3, considering 0.4 MWh are required per t_N2 and LHV of NH3 of 5.1666 Mwh.", -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,investment,187899.5061,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,efficiency,0.4444,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,investment,751598.0242,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['salthight'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-store,investment,112560.0095,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['salthight'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['salthight'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),FOM,1.1,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),efficiency,0.48,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),investment,55000.0,EUR/PKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),FOM,10.1,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),efficiency,0.56,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),investment,151574.0,EUR/LKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,FOM,0.46,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,efficiency,0.6963,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133) include inverter 0.98 & transformer efficiency 0.98 ","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Electrolyzer']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,investment,1304350.411,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.113 (p.135)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Electrolyzer']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,lifetime,30.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,FOM,0.4801,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,efficiency,0.4869,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133) include inverter 0.98 & transformer efficiency 0.98 ","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Fuel Cell']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,investment,1265835.3275,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.113 (p.135)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Fuel Cell']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,lifetime,30.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-store,FOM,0.43,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB =(C38+C39)*0.43/4","{'carrier': ['h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-store,investment,4779.9527,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.113 (p.135)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Cavern Storage']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-store,lifetime,30.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LNG storage tank,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank with comparable requirements.",Currency year and technology year assumed based on publication date.,2019.0 -LNG storage tank,investment,666.634,EUR/m^3,"Hurskainen 2019, https://cris.vtt.fi/en/publications/liquid-organic-hydrogen-carriers-lohc-concept-evaluation-and-tech pg. 46 (59).",Currency year and technology year assumed based on publication date.,2019.0 -LNG storage tank,lifetime,20.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank with comparable requirements.",Currency year and technology year assumed based on publication date.,2019.0 -LOHC chemical,investment,2500.0,EUR/t,"Runge et al 2020, pg.7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC chemical,lifetime,20.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, pg.7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation,investment,53681.4988,EUR/MW_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",per MW H2 (LHV). For a large plant of 1000 MW capacity. Calculated based on base CAPEX of 30 MEUR for 300 t/day capacity and a scale factor of 0.6.,2015.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),FOM,3.0,%/year,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),investment,839000.0,EUR/MW_H2,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",MW of H2 LHV. For a small plant of 0.9 MW capacity.,2020.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),lifetime,20.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,electricity-input,0.004,MWh_el/t_HLOHC,Niermann et al. (2019): (https://doi.org/10.1039/C8EE02700E). 6A .,"Flow in figures shows 0.2 MW for 114 MW_HHV = 96.4326 MW_LHV = 2.89298 t hydrogen. At 5.6 wt-% effective H2 storage for loaded LOHC (H18-DBT, HLOHC), corresponds to 51.6604 t loaded LOHC .", -LOHC hydrogenation,hydrogen-input,1.867,MWh_H2/t_HLOHC,"Runge et al 2020, pg. 7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",Considering 5.6 wt-% H2 in loaded LOHC (HLOHC) and LHV of H2., -LOHC hydrogenation,investment,54243.958,EUR/MW_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",per MW H2 (LHV). For a large plant of 2000 MW capacity. Calculated based on base CAPEX of 40 MEUR for 300 t/day capacity and a scale factor of 0.6.,2015.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,lohc-input,0.944,t_LOHC/t_HLOHC,"Runge et al 2020, pg. 7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514","Loaded LOHC (H18-DBT, HLOHC) has loaded only 5.6%-wt H2 as rate of discharge is kept at ca. 90%.", -LOHC loaded DBT storage,FOM,6.25,%/year,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -LOHC loaded DBT storage,investment,151.5383,EUR/t,"Density via Wissenschaftliche Dienste des Deutschen Bundestages 2020, https://www.bundestag.de/resource/blob/816048/454e182d5956d45a664da9eb85486f76/WD-8-058-20-pdf-data.pdf , pg. 11.","Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared. Density of loaded LOHC H18-DBT is 0.91 t/m^3.",2012.0 -LOHC loaded DBT storage,lifetime,30.0,years,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -LOHC transport ship,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_LOHC,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC unloaded DBT storage,FOM,6.25,%/year,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -LOHC unloaded DBT storage,investment,134.2745,EUR/t,"Density via Wissenschaftliche Dienste des Deutschen Bundestages 2020, https://www.bundestag.de/resource/blob/816048/454e182d5956d45a664da9eb85486f76/WD-8-058-20-pdf-data.pdf , pg. 11.","Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared. Density of loaded LOHC H18-DBT is 0.91 t/m^3, density of unloaded LOHC H0-DBT is 1.04 t/m^3 but unloading is only to 90% (depth-of-discharge), assume density via linearisation of 1.027 t/m^3.",2012.0 -LOHC unloaded DBT storage,lifetime,30.0,years,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,FOM,2.4064,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,efficiency,0.8832,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.78^0.5']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,investment,149731.2267,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-store,FOM,0.2386,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['lead'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-store,investment,365289.854,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['lead'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-store,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['lead'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),FOM,1.6,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),efficiency,0.215,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),investment,23561.0,EUR/PKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),FOM,18.0,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),efficiency,0.373,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),investment,99772.0,EUR/LKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,FOM,0.366,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,investment,503663.7386,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Figure 9 of reference roughly 80% of capital cost are power related 47%/80% of costs are required for liquefaction (charging)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,FOM,0.5212,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,efficiency,0.55,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE 0.545 assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,investment,353636.242,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, NULL","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-store,FOM,0.328,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['lair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-store,investment,186749.107,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['lair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Liquid Air SB and BOS']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['lair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,FOM,2.0701,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,efficiency,0.9193,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.8452^0.5']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,investment,95584.1917,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,lifetime,16.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-store,FOM,0.0447,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['lfp'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-store,investment,325690.7596,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['lfp'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-store,lifetime,16.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['lfp'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,FOM,2.0701,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,efficiency,0.9193,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.8452^0.5']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,investment,95584.1917,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,lifetime,13.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-store,FOM,0.0379,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['nmc'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-store,investment,372111.988,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['nmc'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-store,lifetime,13.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['nmc'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,investment,149374.5139,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,efficiency,0.5394,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,investment,597498.0554,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-store,investment,69421.8279,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_MeOH,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",,2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,investment,18016.8665,EUR/MW_H2,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.","For high temperature steam reforming plant with a capacity of 200 MW_H2 output (6t/h). Reference plant of 1 MW (30kg_H2/h) costs 150kEUR, scale factor of 0.6 assumed.",2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",,2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,methanol-input,1.201,MWh_MeOH/MWh_H2,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",Assuming per 1 t_H2 (with LHV 33.3333 MWh/t): 4.5 MWh_th and 3.2 MWh_el are required. We assume electricity can be substituted / provided with 1:1 as heat energy., -NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank.",,2010.0 -NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,investment,166.8201,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Calculated based on Morgan E. 2013: doi:10.7275/11KT-3F59 , Fig. 55, Fig 58.","Based on estimated for a double-wall liquid ammonia tank (~ambient pressure, -33°C), inner tank from stainless steel, outer tank from concrete including installations for liquefaction/condensation, boil-off gas recovery and safety installations; the necessary installations make only a small fraction of the total cost. The total cost are driven by material and working time on the tanks. -While the costs do not scale strictly linearly, we here assume they do (good approximation c.f. ref. Fig 55.) and take the costs for a 9 kt NH3 (l) tank = 8 M$2010, which is smaller 4-5x smaller than the largest deployed tanks today. -We assume an exchange rate of 1.17$ to 1 €. -The investment value is given per MWh NH3 store capacity, using the LHV of NH3 of 5.18 MWh/t.",2010.0 -NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,lifetime,20.0,years,"Morgan E. 2013: doi:10.7275/11KT-3F59 , pg. 290",,2010.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B",,2019.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,capacity,53000.0,t_NH3,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B",,2019.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,investment,81164200.0,EUR,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B",,2019.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,lifetime,20.0,years,"Guess estimated based on H2 (l) tanker, but more mature technology",,2019.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,FOM,2.0701,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['((0.75-0.87)/2)^0.5 mean value of range efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,investment,95584.1917,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) same as Li-LFP","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-store,FOM,0.2238,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-store,investment,344828.4062,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-store,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -OCGT,FOM,1.7772,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -OCGT,VOM,4.762,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Variable O&M,2015.0 -OCGT,efficiency,0.4,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","52 OCGT - Natural gas: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -OCGT,investment,480.3903,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 -OCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -PEM electrolyzer small size,FOM,3.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW,2010.0 -PEM electrolyzer small size,electricity-input,1.43,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW, -PEM electrolyzer small size,investment,1364.8906,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW,2010.0 -PEM electrolyzer small size,lifetime,6.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`","Likely stack lifetime, rather than electrolyzer system lifetime", -PHS,FOM,1.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -PHS,efficiency,0.75,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -PHS,investment,2274.8177,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 -PHS,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,FOM,0.366,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Charger']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,investment,807189.2511,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Figure 9 of reference roughly 80% of capital cost are power related 47%/80% of costs are required for liquefaction (charging)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,lifetime,33.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,FOM,0.5212,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,efficiency,0.63,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE 0.62 assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,investment,566749.8997,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, NULL","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,lifetime,33.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-store,FOM,0.0615,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.103 (p.125)","{'carrier': ['phes'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-store,investment,31293.8274,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.92 (p.114)","{'carrier': ['phes'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Molten Salt based SB and BOS']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-store,lifetime,33.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['phes'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,FOM,0.9951,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, Figure 4.16","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,efficiency,0.8944,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.8^0.5']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,investment,1397128.4612,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Powerhouse Construction & Infrastructure']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-store,FOM,0.43,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['phs'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-store,investment,57074.0625,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['phs'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Reservoir Construction & Infrastructure']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['phs'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -SMR,FOM,5.0,%/year,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR,efficiency,0.76,per unit (in LHV),"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SMR,investment,522201.0492,EUR/MW_CH4,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR,lifetime,30.0,years,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SMR CC,FOM,5.0,%/year,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR CC,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",wide range: capture rates between 54%-90%, -SMR CC,efficiency,0.69,per unit (in LHV),"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SMR CC,investment,605753.2171,EUR/MW_CH4,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR CC,lifetime,30.0,years,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SOEC,FOM,4.0,%/year,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,US-based assumptions for a Conservative cost scenario,2022.0 -SOEC,electricity-input,1.22,MWh_el/MWh_H2,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,, -SOEC,investment,2359.2378,USD/kW,"ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions, https://theicct.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/fuels-eu-cost-renew-H-produced-onsite-H-refueling-stations-europe-feb22.pdf adjusted according to DOE observations https://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/docs/hydrogenprogramlibraries/pdfs/24005-clean-hydrogen-production-cost-pem-electrolyzer.pdf?sfvrsn=8cb10889_1#:~:text=This%20Record%20shows%20that%20the,factors%20of%2050%2D75%25",US-based assumptions for a Conservative cost scenario,2022.0 -SOEC,lifetime,30.0,years,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,, -Sand-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Sand-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Sand-charger,investment,152624.5646,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Sand-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,efficiency,0.53,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,investment,610498.2585,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Sand-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['sand'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Sand-store,investment,8014.7441,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.100 (p.122)","{'carrier': ['sand'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -Sand-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['sand'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Steam methane reforming,FOM,3.0,%/year,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW).,2015.0 -Steam methane reforming,investment,497454.611,EUR/MW_H2,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW). Currency conversion 1.17 USD = 1 EUR.,2015.0 -Steam methane reforming,lifetime,30.0,years,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW).,2015.0 -Steam methane reforming,methane-input,1.483,MWh_CH4/MWh_H2,"Keipi et al (2018): Economic analysis of hydrogen production by methane thermal decomposition (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2017.12.063), table 2.","Large scale SMR plant producing 2.5 kg/s H2 output (assuming 33.3333 MWh/t H2 LHV), with 6.9 kg/s CH4 input (feedstock) and 2 kg/s CH4 input (energy). Neglecting water consumption.", -"Tank&bulk, diesel",efficiency,0.462,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, diesel",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, diesel",investment,35129312.4041,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, diesel",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, diesel",lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, diesel",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, methanol",efficiency,0.4695,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, methanol",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, methanol",investment,38642243.6445,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, methanol",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, methanol",lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, methanol",2023.0 -"Tankbulk, ammonia",efficiency,0.471,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tankbulk, ammonia",2023.0 -"Tankbulk, ammonia",investment,42155174.885,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tankbulk, ammonia",2023.0 -"Tankbulk, ammonia",lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tankbulk, ammonia",2023.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,FOM,2.4028,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,efficiency,0.8062,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.65^0.5']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,investment,149950.2088,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-store,FOM,0.2335,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['vanadium'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-store,investment,317614.1853,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['vanadium'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-store,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['vanadium'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,FOM,2.4395,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,efficiency,0.7937,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.25 ","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['(0.63)^0.5 efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,investment,129023.0526,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,lifetime,25.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-store,FOM,0.1893,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-store,investment,194899.0057,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.48 (p.70) text below Table 4.12","{'carrier': ['znair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-store,lifetime,25.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['znair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,FOM,2.475,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,efficiency,0.8307,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.25 ","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['(0.69)^0.5 efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,investment,134297.449,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,lifetime,10.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.27","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-store,FOM,0.2849,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znbrflow'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-store,investment,476623.9107,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['znbrflow'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-store,lifetime,10.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.27","{'carrier': ['znbrflow'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,FOM,2.4395,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,efficiency,0.8888,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.25","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': [' (0.79)^0.5 efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,investment,129023.0526,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,FOM,0.2481,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,investment,276873.6097,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -air separation unit,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -air separation unit,electricity-input,0.25,MWh_el/t_N2,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), p.288.","For consistency reasons use value from Danish Energy Agency. DEA also reports range of values (0.2-0.4 MWh/t_N2) on pg. 288. Other efficienices reported are even higher, e.g. 0.11 Mwh/t_N2 from Morgan (2013): Techno-Economic Feasibility Study of Ammonia Plants Powered by Offshore Wind .", -air separation unit,investment,1003392.2397,EUR/t_N2/h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 -air separation unit,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -allam,VOM,2.0,EUR/MWh,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -allam,efficiency,0.6,p.u.,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -allam,investment,1500.0,EUR/kW,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -allam,lifetime,30.0,years,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,FOM,5.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.99,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",CO2 volume captured / (Stream flowrate * Max. capacity utilization * CO2 in exhaust * 8760),2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.1,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,investment,929753.03,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 41 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 389000 t/year",2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -battery inverter,FOM,0.2,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -battery inverter,efficiency,0.95,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2020.0 -battery inverter,investment,287.118,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2020.0 -battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -battery storage,investment,246.7088,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2020.0 -battery storage,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,FOM,100.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,VOM,160.0417,EUR/MWh_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-biochar,1.0,MWh_biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency biochar",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-heat,3.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency heat",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,investment,160041.7,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.144,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0 -biodiesel crops,fuel,96.2077,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIORPS1 (rape seed), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -bioethanol crops,CO2 intensity,0.1289,tCO2/MWh_th,,"CO2 released during fermentation of bioethanol crops, based on stochiometric composition: C6H12O6 -> 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2 , i.e. 1 kg ethanol → ~0.956 kg CO₂ (from fermentation) → 0.1289 tCO₂/MWh (with LHV = 26.7 MJ/kg).", -bioethanol crops,fuel,62.1519,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOCRP11 (Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -biogas,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 -biogas,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biogas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, -biogas,fuel,62.4351,EUR/MWhth,JRC and Zappa, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biogas,investment,1032.4577,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 -biogas,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biogas CC,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas CC,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 -biogas CC,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biogas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, -biogas CC,investment,1032.4577,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 -biogas CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biogas manure,fuel,19.7575,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOGAS1 (manure), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,VOM,4.5939,EUR/MWh_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Variable O&M,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,investment,964.7165,EUR/kW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Specific investment,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -biogas upgrading,FOM,17.0397,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Fixed O&M ",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,VOM,4.1613,EUR/MWh output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Variable O&M",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,investment,192.9697,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: investment (upgrading, methane redution and grid injection)",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biomass,FOM,4.5269,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,efficiency,0.468,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,fuel,7.4076,EUR/MWhth,IEA2011b, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,investment,2337.6116,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,lifetime,30.0,years,ECF2010 in DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass CHP,FOM,3.6081,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass CHP,VOM,2.2291,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -biomass CHP,c_b,0.4544,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -biomass CHP,efficiency,0.2994,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7093,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass CHP,investment,3578.1349,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-electricity-input,0.1,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-heat-output,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,electricity-input,0.03,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-input,0.833,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-output,0.833,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,investment,3300000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass EOP,FOM,3.6081,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass EOP,VOM,2.2291,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -biomass EOP,c_b,0.4544,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -biomass EOP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -biomass EOP,efficiency,0.2994,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass EOP,efficiency-heat,0.7093,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass EOP,investment,3578.1349,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -biomass EOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass HOP,FOM,5.8029,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Fixed O&M, heat output",2015.0 -biomass HOP,VOM,2.2361,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Variable O&M heat output,2015.0 -biomass HOP,efficiency,1.0323,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass HOP,investment,926.3933,EUR/kW_th - heat output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Nominal investment ,2015.0 -biomass HOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -biomass boiler,FOM,7.3854,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass boiler,efficiency,0.82,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -biomass boiler,investment,722.4205,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Specific investment",2015.0 -biomass boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass boiler,pelletizing cost,9.0,EUR/MWh_pellets,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.109506,,2019.0 -biomass-to-methanol,C in fuel,0.3926,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,C stored,0.6074,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,CO2 stored,0.2227,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,FOM,1.1111,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,VOM,21.6979,EUR/MWh_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Variable O&M,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency,0.58,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Methanol Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-electricity,0.02,MWh_e/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Electricity Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-heat,0.22,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: District heat Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,investment,5591.3924,EUR/kW_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Specific investment,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,FOM,14.18,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",123.67 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘BF-BOF’.,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,coal-input,1.43,MWh_coal/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15). ","Based on process ‘Avg BF-BOF` using 195 kg_PCI/t_HM (PCI = Pulverized Coal Injected; HM = Hot Metal) as substitute for coke, 24 MJ/kg as LHV for coal and 1 : 1.1 as HM-to-steel ratio.",2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15).",,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,investment,7637406.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",871.85 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘Avg BF-BOF’.,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15).",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,ore-input,1.539,t_ore/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",Based on process ‘Avg BF-BOF`,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,scrap-input,0.051,t_scrap/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",Based on process ‘Avg BF-BOF`,2020.0 -cement capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,compression-electricity-input,0.1,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,compression-heat-output,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,electricity-input,0.025,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,heat-input,0.833,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,heat-output,1.65,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,investment,3000000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,FOM,7.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",CO2 volume captured / (Stream flowrate * Max. capacity utilization * CO2 in exhaust * 8760),2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,investment,2587727.173,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 247 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 842000 t/year",2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement dry clinker,FOM,4.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,VOM,5.2911,EUR/t_clinker,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,electricity-input,0.0694,MWh_el/t_clinker,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original values 0.25 PJ per Mt clinker,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,gas-input,0.0002,MWh_NG/t_clinker,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original values 0.0058 PJ per Mt clinker,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,heat-input,0.9444,MWh_th/t_CO2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original values 3.4 PJ per Mt clinker,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,investment,1158752.6816,EUR/t_clinker/h,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original value 125 EUR/t/year,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,lifetime,30.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement finishing,FOM,30.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement finishing,VOM,3.1747,EUR/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement finishing,clinker-input,0.656,t_cl/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND_Trans.xlsx`, Sheet `IND_Trans` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer),2015.0 -cement finishing,electricity-input,0.1736,MWh_el/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND_Trans.xlsx`, Sheet `IND_Trans` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer) with original value 0.6251 PJ per Mt cement.,2015.0 -cement finishing,investment,92700.2145,EUR/t_cement/h,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original value 10 EUR/t/year,2015.0 -cement finishing,lifetime,25.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer),2015.0 -cement finishing,slag-input,0.194,t_slag/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND_Trans.xlsx`, Sheet `IND_Trans` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer),2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.2102,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.3175,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.1,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Total efficiency, net, name plate",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,investment,1006.7765,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central coal CHP,FOM,1.6316,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central coal CHP,VOM,3.0688,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central coal CHP,c_b,0.84,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -central coal CHP,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cv coefficient,2015.0 -central coal CHP,efficiency,0.485,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","01 Coal CHP: Electricity efficiency, condensation mode, net",2015.0 -central coal CHP,investment,2010.6211,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central coal CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.3003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.7884,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,efficiency,5.1,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,investment,704.7435,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas CHP,FOM,3.3051,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP,VOM,4.6562,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP,c_b,0.96,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central gas CHP,c_v,0.17,per unit,DEA (loss of fuel for additional heat), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central gas CHP,efficiency,0.4,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central gas CHP,investment,624.3508,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central gas CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,FOM,3.3051,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,VOM,4.6562,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,c_b,0.96,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,efficiency,0.4,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,investment,624.3508,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas boiler,FOM,3.25,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central gas boiler,VOM,1.164,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central gas boiler,efficiency,1.03,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","44 Natural Gas DH Only: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central gas boiler,investment,63.4933,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central gas boiler,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,FOM,0.8406,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,VOM,4.8547,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,investment,3008.7285,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.3546,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.0392,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,1.71,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,investment,596.837,EUR/kW_th excluding drive energy,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,investment,1375.6881,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central resistive heater,FOM,1.5286,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central resistive heater,VOM,0.9524,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central resistive heater,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","41 Electric Boilers: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central resistive heater,investment,74.0755,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Nominal investment; 10/15 kV; >10 MW,2015.0 -central resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central solar thermal,FOM,1.4,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solar thermal,investment,148151.0278,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,FOM,2.8857,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,VOM,4.8694,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,c_b,0.3489,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency,0.2689,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.8255,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,investment,3740.4387,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,FOM,2.8857,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,VOM,4.8694,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_b,0.3489,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency,0.2689,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.8255,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,investment,5767.0987,EUR/kW_e,Combination of central solid biomass CHP CC and solid biomass boiler steam,,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,FOM,2.8857,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,VOM,4.8694,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_b,0.3489,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency,0.2689,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency-heat,0.8255,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,investment,3740.4387,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central water pit charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2020.0 -central water pit discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2020.0 -central water pit storage,Bottom storage temperature,35.0,⁰C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Typical bottom storage temperature,2020.0 -central water pit storage,FOM,0.2354,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -central water pit storage,Top storage temperature,90.0,⁰C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Typical max. storage temperature,2020.0 -central water pit storage,energy to power ratio,150.0,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2020.0 -central water pit storage,investment,1.0622,EUR/kWh Capacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Specific investment,2020.0 -central water pit storage,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -central water pit storage,standing losses,0.0078,%/hour,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Energy losses during storage,2020.0 -central water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2020.0 -central water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2020.0 -central water tank storage,FOM,1.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central water tank storage,energy to power ratio,60.3448,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2020.0 -central water tank storage,investment,3.0361,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Specific investment,2020.0 -central water tank storage,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -central water tank storage,standing losses,0.0077,%/hour,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Energy losses during storage,2020.0 -central water tank storage,temperature difference,55.0,"hot/cold, K","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Typical temperature difference,2020.0 -clean water tank storage,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0 -clean water tank storage,investment,69.1286,EUR/m^3-H2O,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0 -clean water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",, -coal,CO2 intensity,0.3361,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid-Emissionen des deutschen Strommix in den Jahren 1990 - 2018,, -coal,FOM,1.31,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100.",2023.0 -coal,VOM,3.2612,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3+5.5)USD/MWh_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR).",2023.0 -coal,efficiency,0.356,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. 1 / ((8.75+12) MMbtu/MWh_th /2 / (3.4095 MMbtu/MWh_th)), rounded up.",2023.0 -coal,fuel,9.5542,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on IEA 2011 data, 99 USD/t.",2010.0 -coal,investment,3827.1629,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Higher costs include coal plants with CCS, but since using here for calculating the average nevertheless. Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3200+6775) USD/kW_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR).",2023.0 -coal,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 -csp-tower,FOM,1.0,%/year,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power),Ratio between CAPEX and FOM from ATB database for “moderate” scenario.,2020.0 -csp-tower,investment,159.96,"EUR/kW_th,dp",ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include solar field and solar tower as well as EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant). Total costs (223,708,924 USD) are divided by active area (heliostat reflective area, 1,269,054 m2) and multiplied by design point DNI (0.95 kW/m2) to obtain EUR/kW_th. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR.",2020.0 -csp-tower,lifetime,30.0,years,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power),-,2020.0 -csp-tower TES,FOM,1.0,%/year,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -csp-tower TES,investment,21.43,EUR/kWh_th,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include the TES incl. EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant, 2.791 MW_th TES). Total costs (69390776.7 USD) are divided by TES size to obtain EUR/kW_th. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR.",2020.0 -csp-tower TES,lifetime,30.0,years,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -csp-tower power block,FOM,1.0,%/year,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -csp-tower power block,investment,1120.57,EUR/kW_e,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include the power cycle incl. BOP and EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant). Total costs (135185685.5 USD) are divided by power block nameplate capacity size to obtain EUR/kW_e. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR.",2020.0 -csp-tower power block,lifetime,30.0,years,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -decentral CHP,FOM,3.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral CHP,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral CHP,investment,1481.5103,EUR/kWel,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,FOM,2.9578,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.4,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.3 Air to water existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,994.7283,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,18.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,FOM,6.5595,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,efficiency,0.97,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","202 Natural gas boiler: Total efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,investment,330.2494,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler connection,investment,206.4059,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Possible additional specific investment,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler connection,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,1.8535,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.8,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.7 Ground source existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,1587.3324,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,FOM,2.0,%/year,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,investment,165.0975,EUR/kWth,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf) (+eigene Berechnung), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,FOM,2.0,%/year,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,investment,105.8222,EUR/kWhth,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,FOM,1.3,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,investment,285719.8393,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2020.0 -decentral water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,FOM,1.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,VOM,0.7168,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Variable O&M,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,energy to power ratio,0.15,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,investment,419.8622,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Specific investment,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,standing losses,2.1,%/hour,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Energy losses during storage,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,temperature difference,30.0,"hot/cold, K","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Typical temperature difference,2020.0 -digestible biomass,fuel,17.0611,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOAGRW1, ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0 -digestible biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -digestible biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -digestible biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.39,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, -digestible biomass to hydrogen,investment,4237.1194,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -direct air capture,FOM,4.95,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,compression-electricity-input,0.15,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,compression-heat-output,0.2,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,electricity-input,0.4,MWh_el/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","0.4 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 0.182 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019). Should already include electricity for water scrubbing and compression (high quality CO2 output).",2020.0 -direct air capture,heat-input,1.6,MWh_th/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","Thermal energy demand. Provided via air-sourced heat pumps. 1.6 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 1.102 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019).",2020.0 -direct air capture,heat-output,1.25,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,investment,7000000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct firing gas,FOM,1.2121,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas,VOM,0.2845,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing gas,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing gas,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,FOM,1.2121,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,VOM,0.2845,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,FOM,1.5455,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,VOM,0.3276,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,FOM,1.5455,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,VOM,0.3276,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Based on https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/capesize-freight-returns-below-operating-expense-levels-but-shipowners-reject-lay-ups/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","5000 USD/d OPEX, exchange rate: 1.15 USD = 1 EUR; absolute value calculate relative to investment cost.",2020.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,capacity,180000.0,t,-,"DWT; corresponds to size of Capesize bulk carriers which have previously docked at the habour in Hamburg, Germany. Short of 200 kt limit for VLBCs.",2020.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,investment,40000000.0,EUR,"Based on https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/dry-bulk-carriers-in-high-demand-as-rates-keep-rallying/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","See figure for ‘Dry Bulk Newbuild Prices’, Capesize at end of 2020. Exchange rate: 1.15 USD = 1 EUR.",2020.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,lifetime,25.0,years,"Based on https://mfame.guru/fall-life-expectancy-bulk-carriers/, accessed: 2022-12-03.",Expected lifetime.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,FOM,30.0,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","EAF has high OPEX of 62.99 EUR/year/t_steel, presumably because of electrode corrosion.",2020.0 -electric arc furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,electricity-input,0.6395,MWh_el/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘EAF’. ,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,hbi-input,1.0,t_hbi/t_steel,-,Assume HBI instead of scrap as input.Scrap would require higher input (in tonnes) as steel content is lower.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,investment,1839600.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",210 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘EAF’.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,FOM,30.0,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","EAF has high OPEX of 62.99 EUR/year/t_steel, presumably because of electrode corrosion.",2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,electricity-input,0.6395,MWh_el/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘EAF’. ,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,hbi-input,0.37,t_hbi/t_steel,"World Steel Association, Fact Sheet – Steel and raw materials: https://worldsteel.org/wp-content/uploads/Fact-sheet-raw-materials-2023-1.pdf, Accessed 2024-04-17.",Assume HBI instead of scrap as input.Scrap would require higher input (in tonnes) as steel content is lower.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,investment,1839600.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",210 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘EAF’.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,scrap-input,0.71,t_scrap/t_steel,"World Steel Association, Fact Sheet – Steel and raw materials: https://worldsteel.org/wp-content/uploads/Fact-sheet-raw-materials-2023-1.pdf, Accessed 2024-04-17.",,2020.0 -electric boiler steam,FOM,1.3375,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Fixed O&M,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,VOM,0.8711,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Variable O&M,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","310.1 Electric boiler steam : Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -electric boiler steam,investment,80.56,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Nominal investment,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Technical lifetime,2019.0 -electric steam cracker,FOM,3.0,%/year,Guesstimate,,2015.0 -electric steam cracker,VOM,190.4799,EUR/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",,2015.0 -electric steam cracker,carbondioxide-output,0.55,t_CO2/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), ",The report also references another source with 0.76 t_CO2/t_HVC, -electric steam cracker,electricity-input,2.7,MWh_el/t_HVC,"Lechtenböhmer et al. (2016): 10.1016/j.energy.2016.07.110, Section 4.3, page 6.",Assuming electrified processing., -electric steam cracker,investment,11124025.7434,EUR/(t_HVC/h),"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",Assuming CAPEX of 1200 €/t actually given in €/(t/a).,2015.0 -electric steam cracker,lifetime,30.0,years,Guesstimate,, -electric steam cracker,naphtha-input,14.8,MWh_naphtha/t_HVC,"Lechtenböhmer et al. (2016): 10.1016/j.energy.2016.07.110, Section 4.3, page 6.",, -electricity distribution grid,FOM,2.0,%/year,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity distribution grid,investment,529.1108,EUR/kW,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity distribution grid,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity grid connection,FOM,2.0,%/year,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity grid connection,investment,148.151,EUR/kW,DEA, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity grid connection,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electrobiofuels,C in fuel,0.9245,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,FOM,2.4,%/year,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2015.0 -electrobiofuels,VOM,5.153,EUR/MWh_th,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2017.0 -electrobiofuels,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -electrobiofuels,efficiency-biomass,1.3183,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,efficiency-hydrogen,1.1766,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,efficiency-tot,0.6217,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,investment,559887.2932,EUR/kW_th,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2017.0 -electrolysis,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 -electrolysis,efficiency,0.5773,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 -electrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.2762,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 -electrolysis,investment,2000.0,EUR/kW_e,private communications; IEA https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/9e0c82d4-06d2-496b-9542-f184ba803645/TheRoleofE-fuelsinDecarbonisingTransport.pdf,,2020.0 -electrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -electrolysis small,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 -electrolysis small,efficiency,0.5773,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 -electrolysis small,efficiency-heat,0.2762,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 -electrolysis small,investment,1900.0,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Specific investment,2020.0 -electrolysis small,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Technical lifetime of plant,2020.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,FOM,7.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.94,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.12,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,investment,928559.735,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 36 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 342000 t/year",2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol from starch crop,FOM,13.8,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original values FIXOM in MEUR/GW divided by INVCOST for the corresponding year",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,VOM,26.3497,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value 6.93 MEUR/PJ VAROM",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,efficiency,0.58,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production. Converted from 0.35 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,investment,716511.2815,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for USA and European production,2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,FOM,16.43,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original values FIXOM in MEUR/GW divided by INVCOST for the corresponding year",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,VOM,23.1751,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production, original value 6.09 MEUR/PJ VAROM",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,efficiency,0.45,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production. Converted from 0.292 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,investment,530264.2751,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for Brazilian production,2015.0 -fuel cell,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -fuel cell,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -fuel cell,investment,1375.6881,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -fuelwood,fuel,15.9997,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOO (FuelwoodRW), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -gas,CO2 intensity,0.198,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 50 GJ/t CH4,, -gas,fuel,24.568,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -gas boiler steam,FOM,3.6667,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,VOM,1.1077,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.92,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -gas boiler steam,investment,54.9273,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -gas storage,FOM,0.5368,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",150 Underground Storage of Gas: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -gas storage,investment,0.2366,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",150 Underground Storage of Gas: Specific investment,2020.0 -gas storage,lifetime,100.0,years,TODO no source,"150 Underground Storage of Gas: estimation: most underground storage are already built, they do have a long lifetime",2020.0 -gas storage charger,investment,15.2479,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",,2020.0 -gas storage discharger,investment,5.0826,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",,2020.0 -geothermal,CO2 intensity,0.12,tCO2/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",Likely to be improved; Average of 85 percent of global egs power plant capacity; Result of fluid circulation through rock formations,2020.0 -geothermal,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",See Supplemental Material of source for details,2020.0 -geothermal,district heat surcharge,25.0,%,Frey et al. 2022: Techno-Economic Assessment of Geothermal Resources in the Variscan Basement of the Northern Upper Rhine Graben,"If capital cost of electric generation from EGS is 100%, district heating adds additional 25%. Costs incurred by piping.",2020.0 -geothermal,district heat-input,0.8,MWh_thdh/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, District Heat-output. This is an assessment of typical heat losses when heat is transmitted from the EGS plant to the DH network, This is a rough estimate, depends on local conditions",2020.0 -geothermal,lifetime,30.0,years,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",,2020.0 -helmeth,FOM,3.0,%/year,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -helmeth,efficiency,0.8,per unit,HELMETH press release, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -helmeth,investment,2116.4433,EUR/kW,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -helmeth,lifetime,25.0,years,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -home battery inverter,FOM,0.2,%/year,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -home battery inverter,efficiency,0.95,per unit,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2020.0 -home battery inverter,investment,400.9018,EUR/kW,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2020.0 -home battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -home battery storage,investment,344.0435,EUR/kWh,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2020.0 -home battery storage,lifetime,20.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -hydro,FOM,1.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -hydro,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -hydro,investment,2274.8177,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 -hydro,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,FOM,11.3,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","55.28 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ OPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15).",,2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,electricity-input,1.03,MWh_el/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ reduced by electricity demand of process ‘EAF’.,2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,hydrogen-input,2.1,MWh_H2/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2022-12-05). ","63 kg H2/t steel for process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ according to documentation (raw input files for MPP model list 73 kg H2 / t steel, which seems to high and is probably incorrect).",2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,investment,4277858.0,EUR/t_HBI/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","488.34 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ CAPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,ore-input,1.59,t_ore/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03). ",Based on process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’.,2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,compression-electricity-input,0.05,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.",1.707 kWh/kg.,2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,investment,87.69,EUR/kW_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.","2923 EUR/kg_H2. For a 206 kg/h compressor. Base CAPEX 40 528 EUR/kW_el with scale factor 0.4603. kg_H2 converted to MWh using LHV. Pressure range: 30 bar in, 250 bar out.",2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,lifetime,15.0,years,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,investment,13.5,EUR/kWh_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.","450 EUR/kg_H2 converted with LHV to MWh. For a type 1 hydrogen storage tank (steel, 15-250 bar). Currency year assumed 2020 for initial publication of reference; observe note in SI.4.3 that no currency year is explicitly stated in the reference.",2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,lifetime,20.0,years,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,min_fill_level,6.0,%,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,FOM,1.0526,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,investment,60.6138,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Specific investment,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,FOM,0.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,VOM,0.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Variable O&M,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,investment,3.1902,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Specific investment,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,lifetime,100.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,FOM,0.0928,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,VOM,3.2828,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Variable O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,efficiency,2.95,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,investment,1052.7581,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Nominal investment,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,FOM,0.1113,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,VOM,3.2828,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Variable O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,efficiency,2.55,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,investment,877.2984,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -iron ore DRI-ready,commodity,97.73,EUR/t,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://missionpossiblepartnership.org/action-sectors/steel/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","DRI ready assumes 65% iron content, requiring no additional benefication.",2020.0 -iron-air battery,FOM,1.0219,%/year,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery,investment,25.1342,EUR/kWh,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery,lifetime,17.5,years,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery charge,efficiency,0.7,per unit,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery discharge,efficiency,0.59,per unit,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -lignite,CO2 intensity,0.4069,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid-Emissionen des deutschen Strommix in den Jahren 1990 - 2018,, -lignite,FOM,1.31,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,VOM,3.2612,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3+5.5)USD/MWh_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR). Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,efficiency,0.33,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. 1 / ((8.75+12) MMbtu/MWh_th /2 / (3.4095 MMbtu/MWh_th)), rounded up. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,fuel,3.2985,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on IEA 2011 data, 10 USD/t.",2010.0 -lignite,investment,3827.1629,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Higher costs include coal plants with CCS, but since using here for calculating the average nevertheless. Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3200+6775) USD/kW_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR). Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf .",2023.0 -lignite,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -methanation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.2.3.1",,2017.0 -methanation,carbondioxide-input,0.198,t_CO2/MWh_CH4,"Götz et al. (2016): Renewable Power-to-Gas: A technological and economic review (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2015.07.066), Fig. 11 .",Additional H2 required for methanation process (2x H2 amount compared to stochiometric conversion)., -methanation,efficiency,0.8,per unit,Palzer and Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -methanation,hydrogen-input,1.282,MWh_H2/MWh_CH4,,Based on ideal conversion process of stochiometric composition (1 t CH4 contains 750 kg of carbon)., -methanation,investment,777.5294,EUR/kW_CH4,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 6: “Reference scenario”.",,2017.0 -methanation,lifetime,20.0,years,Guesstimate.,"Based on lifetime for methanolisation, Fischer-Tropsch plants.",2017.0 -methane storage tank incl. compressor,FOM,1.9,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor by DEA.",Based on assumptions for hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor (by DEA).,2014.0 -methane storage tank incl. compressor,investment,8961.5075,EUR/m^3,Storage costs per l: https://www.compositesworld.com/articles/pressure-vessels-for-alternative-fuels-2014-2023 (2021-02-10).,"Assume 5USD/l (= 4.23 EUR/l at 1.17 USD/EUR exchange rate) for type 1 pressure vessel for 200 bar storage and 100% surplus costs for including compressor costs with storage, based on similar assumptions by DEA for compressed hydrogen storage tanks.",2014.0 -methane storage tank incl. compressor,lifetime,30.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor by DEA.",Based on assumptions for hydrogen storage tank 1 including compressor (by DEA).,2014.0 -methanol,CO2 intensity,0.2482,tCO2/MWh_th,,, -methanol-to-kerosene,FOM,4.5,%/year,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",,2020.0 -methanol-to-kerosene,VOM,1.35,EUR/MWh_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",,2020.0 -methanol-to-kerosene,hydrogen-input,0.0279,MWh_H2/MWh_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 6.","Assuming LHV 11.94 kWh/kg for kerosene, 5.54 kWh/kg for methanol, 33.3 kWh/kg for hydrogen.", -methanol-to-kerosene,investment,307000.0,EUR/MW_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",,2020.0 -methanol-to-kerosene,lifetime,30.0,years,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",, -methanol-to-kerosene,methanol-input,1.0764,MWh_MeOH/MWh_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 6.","Assuming LHV 11.94 kWh/kg for kerosene, 5.54 kWh/kg for methanol, 33.3 kWh/kg for hydrogen.", -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,FOM,3.0,%/year,Guesstimate,same as steam cracker,2015.0 -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,VOM,31.7466,EUR/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35", ,2015.0 -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,carbondioxide-output,0.6107,t_CO2/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Sections 4.5 (for ethylene and propylene) and 4.6 (for BTX)","Weighted average: 0.4 t_MeOH/t_ethylene+propylene for 21.7 Mt of ethylene and 17 Mt of propylene, 1.13 t_CO2/t_BTX for 15.7 Mt of BTX. The report also references process emissions of 0.55 t_MeOH/t_ethylene+propylene elsewhere. ", -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,electricity-input,1.3889,MWh_el/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), page 69",5 GJ/t_HVC , -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,investment,2781006.4359,EUR/(t_HVC/h),"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",Assuming CAPEX of 1200 €/t actually given in €/(t/a).,2015.0 -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,lifetime,30.0,years,Guesstimate,same as steam cracker, -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,methanol-input,18.03,MWh_MeOH/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Sections 4.5 (for ethylene and propylene) and 4.6 (for BTX)","Weighted average: 2.83 t_MeOH/t_ethylene+propylene for 21.7 Mt of ethylene and 17 Mt of propylene, 4.2 t_MeOH/t_BTX for 15.7 Mt of BTX. Assuming 5.54 MWh_MeOH/t_MeOH. ", -methanolisation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.1.",,2017.0 -methanolisation,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -methanolisation,carbondioxide-input,0.248,t_CO2/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 66.",, -methanolisation,electricity-input,0.271,MWh_e/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 65.",, -methanolisation,heat-output,0.1,MWh_th/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 65.",steam generation of 2 GJ/t_MeOH, -methanolisation,hydrogen-input,1.138,MWh_H2/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 64.",189 kg_H2 per t_MeOH, -methanolisation,investment,819108.478,EUR/MW_MeOH,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 8: “Reference scenario”.","Well developed technology, no significant learning expected.",2017.0 -methanolisation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (04/2022), Data sheet “Methanol to Power”.",,2017.0 -micro CHP,FOM,6.6667,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -micro CHP,efficiency,0.351,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Electric efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -micro CHP,efficiency-heat,0.599,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -micro CHP,investment,10630.1681,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 -micro CHP,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,FOM,11.3,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,gas-input,2.78,MWh_NG/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",Original value 10 GJ/t_DRI.,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,investment,4277858.0,EUR/t_HBI/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.","488.34 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ CAPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,ore-input,1.59,t_ore/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",, -nuclear,FOM,1.27,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (131.5+152.75)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) relative to investment costs.",2023.0 -nuclear,VOM,3.5464,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (4.25+5)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 -nuclear,efficiency,0.326,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on heat rate of 10.45 MMBtu/MWh_e and 3.4095 MMBtu/MWh_th, i.e. 1/(10.45/3.4095) = 0.3260.",2023.0 -nuclear,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -nuclear,investment,8594.1354,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (8475+13925)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 -nuclear,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 -offwind,FOM,2.5093,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Fixed O&M [EUR/MW_e/y, 2020]",2020.0 -offwind,VOM,0.0212,EUR/MWhel,RES costs made up to fix curtailment order, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind,investment,1992.6105,"EUR/kW_e, 2020","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Nominal investment [MEUR/MW_e, 2020] grid connection costs subtracted from investment costs",2020.0 -offwind,lifetime,27.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2841.3251,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,1420.1334,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-ac-station,investment,264.5554,EUR/kWel,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2116.4433,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,1058.2216,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017; average + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-station,investment,423.2887,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017; assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-float,FOM,1.15,%/year,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0 -offwind-float,investment,2350.0,EUR/kWel,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0 -offwind-float,lifetime,20.0,years,C. Maienza 2020 A life cycle cost model for floating offshore wind farms,,2020.0 -offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2118.5597,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf,,2014.0 -offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,1039.4778,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017, average + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 -offwind-float-station,investment,415.7911,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017, assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 -oil,CO2 intensity,0.2571,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 44 GJ/t diesel and -CH2- approximation of diesel,, -oil,FOM,2.5656,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -oil,VOM,6.3493,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0 -oil,efficiency,0.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","50 Diesel engine farm: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -oil,fuel,52.9111,EUR/MWhth,IEA WEM2017 97USD/boe = http://www.iea.org/media/weowebsite/2017/WEM_Documentation_WEO2017.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -oil,investment,362.97,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Specific investment,2015.0 -oil,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -onwind,FOM,1.2514,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -onwind,VOM,1.5873,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Variable O&M,2015.0 -onwind,investment,1183.9119,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Nominal investment ,2015.0 -onwind,lifetime,27.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -organic rankine cycle,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551","Both for flash, binary and ORC plants. See Supplemental Material for details",2020.0 -organic rankine cycle,electricity-input,0.12,MWh_el/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, Electricity-output. This is a rough estimate, depends on input temperature, implies ~150 C.",2020.0 -organic rankine cycle,investment,1376.0,EUR/kW_el,Tartiere and Astolfi 2017: A world overview of the organic Rankine cycle market,"Low rollout complicates the estimation, compounded by a dependence both on plant size and temperature, converted from 1500 USD/kW using currency conversion 1.09 USD = 1 EUR.",2020.0 -organic rankine cycle,lifetime,30.0,years,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",,2020.0 -ror,FOM,2.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -ror,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -ror,investment,3412.2266,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 -ror,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -seawater RO desalination,electricity-input,0.003,MWHh_el/t_H2O,"Caldera et al. (2016): Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Fig. 4.",Desalination using SWRO. Assume medium salinity of 35 Practical Salinity Units (PSUs) = 35 kg/m^3., -seawater desalination,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2015.0 -seawater desalination,electricity-input,3.0348,kWh/m^3-H2O,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Fig. 4.",, -seawater desalination,investment,42561.4413,EUR/(m^3-H2O/h),"Caldera et al 2017: Learning Curve for Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination Plants: Capital Cost Trend of the Past, Present, and Future (https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR021402), Table 4.",,2015.0 -seawater desalination,lifetime,30.0,years,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",, -shipping fuel methanol,CO2 intensity,0.2482,tCO2/MWh_th,-,Based on stochiometric composition.,2020.0 -shipping fuel methanol,fuel,72.0,EUR/MWh_th,"Based on (source 1) Hampp et al (2022), https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.01092, and (source 2): https://www.methanol.org/methanol-price-supply-demand/; both accessed: 2022-12-03.",400 EUR/t assuming range roughly in the long-term range for green methanol (source 1) and late 2020+beyond values for grey methanol (source 2).,2020.0 -solar,FOM,1.578,%/year,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop' and 50% 'solar-utility',2020.0 -solar,VOM,0.0106,EUR/MWhel,RES costs made up to fix curtailment order, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -solar,investment,809.8118,EUR/kW_e,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop' and 50% 'solar-utility',2020.0 -solar,lifetime,35.0,years,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop' and 50% 'solar-utility',2020.0 -solar-rooftop,FOM,1.1471,%/year,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop,discount rate,0.04,per unit,standard for decentral, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -solar-rooftop,investment,1057.1237,EUR/kW_e,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop,lifetime,35.0,years,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,FOM,1.2152,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,investment,872.3118,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,lifetime,35.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,FOM,1.079,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,investment,1241.9355,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,lifetime,35.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-utility,FOM,2.0089,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-utility,investment,562.5,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-utility,lifetime,35.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,FOM,1.8605,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,investment,650.3522,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,lifetime,35.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solid biomass,CO2 intensity,0.3667,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 18 GJ/t_DM LHV and 50% C-content for solid biomass,, -solid biomass,fuel,13.6489,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOOW1 (secondary forest residue wood chips), ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,FOM,5.4515,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,VOM,2.7985,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,investment,622.5091,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,FOM,5.4515,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,VOM,2.7985,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,investment,622.5091,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -solid biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -solid biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -solid biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.56,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, -solid biomass to hydrogen,investment,4237.1194,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,FOM,5.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",CO2 volume captured / (Stream flowrate * Max. capacity utilization * CO2 in exhaust * 8760),2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,investment,3561435.753,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 1342 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 3324000 t/year",2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -uranium,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -waste CHP,FOM,2.4016,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -waste CHP,VOM,28.8648,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -waste CHP,c_b,0.2826,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP,efficiency,0.2021,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7635,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP,investment,9077.1074,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -waste CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,FOM,2.4016,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,VOM,28.8648,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,c_b,0.2826,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,efficiency,0.2021,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.7635,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,investment,9077.1074,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -water tank charger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -water tank discharger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 diff --git a/ariadne-data/costs/optimist/costs_2025.csv b/ariadne-data/costs/optimist/costs_2025.csv deleted file mode 100644 index 011f3fef7..000000000 --- a/ariadne-data/costs/optimist/costs_2025.csv +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1238 +0,0 @@ -technology,parameter,value,unit,source,further description,currency_year -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,FOM,4.6,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,VOM,0.2389,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,electricity-input,1.38,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,investment,429.0306,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,lifetime,40.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,FOM,18.1,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,VOM,0.2389,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,electricity-input,1.416,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,investment,566.0884,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,FOM,18.1,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,VOM,0.6426,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,electricity-input,1.41,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,investment,984.8823,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW, -Ammonia cracker,FOM,4.3,%/year,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 7.","Estimated based on Labour cost rate, Maintenance cost rate, Insurance rate, Admin. cost rate and Chemical & other consumables cost rate.",2015.0 -Ammonia cracker,ammonia-input,1.46,MWh_NH3/MWh_H2,"ENGIE et al (2020): Ammonia to Green Hydrogen Feasibility Study (https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/880826/HS420_-_Ecuity_-_Ammonia_to_Green_Hydrogen.pdf), Fig. 10.",Assuming a integrated 200t/d cracking and purification facility. Electricity demand (316 MWh per 2186 MWh_LHV H2 output) is assumed to also be ammonia LHV input which seems a fair assumption as the facility has options for a higher degree of integration according to the report)., -Ammonia cracker,investment,1123945.3807,EUR/MW_H2,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 6.",Calculated. For a small (200 t_NH3/d input) facility. Base cost for facility: 51 MEUR at capacity 20 000m^3_NH3/h = 339 t_NH3/d input. Cost scaling exponent 0.67. Ammonia density 0.7069 kg/m^3. Conversion efficiency of cracker: 0.685. Ammonia LHV: 5.167 MWh/t_NH3.; and Calculated. For a large (2500 t_NH3/d input) facility. Base cost for facility: 51 MEUR at capacity 20 000m^3_NH3/h = 339 t_NH3/d input. Cost scaling exponent 0.67. Ammonia density 0.7069 kg/m^3. Conversion efficiency of cracker: 0.685. Ammonia LHV: 5.167 MWh/t_NH3.,2015.0 -Ammonia cracker,lifetime,25.0,years,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 7.",,2015.0 -BEV Bus city,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,Motor size,320.6897,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,efficiency,0.9204,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,investment,326312.2797,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Coach,FOM,0.0001,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,Motor size,298.2759,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,efficiency,0.9094,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,investment,406852.0832,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,Motor size,468.9655,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,efficiency,1.4729,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,investment,247867.9385,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,lifetime,10.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,Motor size,353.4483,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,efficiency,0.9226,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,investment,313643.3844,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,Motor size,587.931,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,efficiency,1.6303,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,investment,274929.1357,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),FOM,0.9,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),efficiency,0.68,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),investment,28812.0,EUR/PKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (trucks),FOM,14.0,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (trucks),2020.0 -Battery electric (trucks),investment,165765.0,EUR/LKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (trucks),2020.0 -Battery electric (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (trucks),2020.0 -BioSNG,C in fuel,0.3285,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,C stored,0.6715,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,CO2 stored,0.2462,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,FOM,1.5763,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Fixed O&M",2020.0 -BioSNG,VOM,2.5876,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Variable O&M",2020.0 -BioSNG,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -BioSNG,efficiency,0.6083,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Bio SNG Output",2020.0 -BioSNG,investment,2463.5433,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Specific investment",2020.0 -BioSNG,lifetime,25.0,years,TODO,"84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -BtL,C in fuel,0.2571,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,C stored,0.7429,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,CO2 stored,0.2724,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,FOM,5.6686,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Fixed O&M",2020.0 -BtL,VOM,1.0745,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Variable O&M",2020.0 -BtL,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -BtL,efficiency,0.3667,per unit,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Electricity Output",2020.0 -BtL,investment,3378.3027,EUR/kW_th,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Specific investment",2017.0 -BtL,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Technical lifetime",2020.0 -CCGT,FOM,3.2647,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -CCGT,VOM,4.4093,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Variable O&M",2015.0 -CCGT,c_b,1.75,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -CCGT,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -CCGT,efficiency,0.57,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -CCGT,investment,899.4884,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Nominal investment",2015.0 -CCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -CH4 (g) fill compressor station,FOM,1.7,%/year,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0 -CH4 (g) fill compressor station,investment,1654.96,EUR/MW_CH4,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station cost.","Assume same ratio as between H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station, i.e. 1:19 , due to a lack of reliable numbers.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) fill compressor station,lifetime,20.0,years,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,FOM,1.5,%/year,Assume same as for H2 (g) pipeline in 2050 (CH4 pipeline as mature technology).,"Due to lack of numbers, use comparable H2 pipeline assumptions.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,electricity-input,0.01,MW_e/1000km/MW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: 112 6 gas Main distri line.","Assumption for gas pipeline >100MW, 0.1% per station and spacing of 100km yields 1%/1000km. Electric compression.",2015.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,investment,87.22,EUR/MW/km,Guesstimate.,"Based on Arab Gas Pipeline: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Gas_Pipeline: cost = 1.2e9 $-US (year = ?), capacity=10.3e9 m^3/a NG, l=1200km, NG-LHV=39MJ/m^3*90% (also Wikipedia estimate from here https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_of_combustion). Presumed to include booster station cost.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,lifetime,50.0,years,Assume same as for H2 (g) pipeline in 2050 (CH4 pipeline as mature technology).,"Due to lack of numbers, use comparable H2 pipeline assumptions.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,FOM,3.0,%/year,"d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material.",-,2015.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,electricity-input,0.01,MW_e/1000km/MW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: 112 6 gas Main distri line.","Assumption for gas pipeline >100MW, 0.1% per station and spacing of 100km yields 1%/1000km. Electric compression.",2015.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,investment,119.3173,EUR/MW/km,Kaiser (2017): 10.1016/j.marpol.2017.05.003 .,"Based on Gulfstream pipeline costs (430 mi long pipeline for natural gas in deep/shallow waters) of 2.72e6 USD/mi and 1.31 bn ft^3/d capacity (36 in diameter), LHV of methane 13.8888 MWh/t and density of 0.657 kg/m^3 and 1.17 USD:1EUR conversion rate = 102.4 EUR/MW/km. Number is without booster station cost. Estimation of additional cost for booster stations based on H2 (g) pipeline numbers from Guidehouse (2020): European Hydrogen Backbone report and Danish Energy Agency (2021): Technology Data for Energy Transport, were booster stations make ca. 6% of pipeline cost; here add additional 10% for booster stations as they need to be constructed submerged or on plattforms. (102.4*1.1).",2014.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,lifetime,30.0,years,"d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material.",-,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,capacity,58300.0,t_CH4,"Calculated, based on Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",based on 138 000 m^3 capacity and LNG density of 0.4226 t/m^3 .,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,investment,159791465.6831,EUR,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,lifetime,25.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2015.0 -CH4 evaporation,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 evaporation,investment,91.1101,EUR/kW_CH4,"Calculated, based on Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306","based on 100 MUSD-2005/(1 bcm/a), 1 bcm = 10.6 TWh, currency exchange rate: 1.15 USD=1 EUR.",2005.0 -CH4 evaporation,lifetime,30.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,electricity-input,0.036,MWh_el/MWh_CH4,"Pospíšil et al. (2019): Energy demand of liquefaction and regasification of natural gas and the potential of LNG for operative thermal energy storage (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.09.027), Table 2 and Table 3. alternative source 2: https://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/methane (accessed 2021-02-10).","Assuming 0.5 MWh/t_CH4 for refigeration cycle based on Table 2 of source; cleaning of gas presumed unnecessary as it should be nearly pure CH4 (=SNG). Assuming energy required is only electricity which is for Table 3 in the source provided with efficiencies of ~50% of LHV, making the numbers consistent with the numbers in Table 2.", -CH4 liquefaction,investment,241.443,EUR/kW_CH4,"Calculated, based on Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306","based on 265 MUSD-2005/(1 bcm/a), 1 bcm = 10.6 TWh, currency exchange rate: 1.15 USD=1 EUR.",2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,lifetime,25.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,methane-input,1.0,MWh_CH4/MWh_CH4,"Pospíšil et al. (2019): Energy demand of liquefaction and regasification of natural gas and the potential of LNG for operative thermal energy storage (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.09.027), Table 2 and Table 3. alternative source 2: https://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/methane (accessed 2021-02-10).","For refrigeration cycle, cleaning of gas presumed unnecessary as it should be nearly pure CH4 (=SNG). Assuming energy required is only electricity which is for Table 3 in the source provided with efficiencies of ~50% of LHV, making the numbers consistent with the numbers in Table 2.", -CO2 liquefaction,FOM,5.0,%/year,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,,2004.0 -CO2 liquefaction,carbondioxide-input,1.0,t_CO2/t_CO2,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,"Assuming a pure, humid, low-pressure input stream. Neglecting possible gross-effects of CO2 which might be cycled for the cooling process.", -CO2 liquefaction,electricity-input,0.123,MWh_el/t_CO2,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,, -CO2 liquefaction,heat-input,0.0067,MWh_th/t_CO2,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,For drying purposes., -CO2 liquefaction,investment,16.7226,EUR/t_CO2/h,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,"Plant capacity of 20 kt CO2 / d and an uptime of 85%. For a high purity, humid, low pressure input stream, includes drying and compression necessary for liquefaction.",2004.0 -CO2 liquefaction,lifetime,25.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on CH4 liquefaction.",,2004.0 -CO2 pipeline,FOM,0.9,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",,2015.0 -CO2 pipeline,investment,2116.4433,EUR/(tCO2/h)/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",Assuming the 120-500 t CO2/h range that is based on cost of a 12 inch onshore pipeline.,2015.0 -CO2 pipeline,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",,2015.0 -CO2 storage tank,FOM,1.0,%/year,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, pg. 2746 .","Assuming a 3000m^3 pressurised steel cylinder tanks and a CO2 density of 1100 kg/m^3 (close to triple point at -56.6°C and 5.2 bar with max density of 1200kg/m^3 ). Lauri et al. report costs 3x higher per m^3 for steel tanks, which are consistent with other sources. The numbers reported are in rather difficult to pinpoint as systems can greatly vary.",2013.0 -CO2 storage tank,investment,2584.3462,EUR/t_CO2,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, Table 3.","Assuming a 3000m^3 pressurised steel cylinder tanks and a CO2 density of 1100 kg/m^3 (close to triple point at -56.6°C and 5.2 bar with max density of 1200kg/m^3 ). Lauri et al. report costs 3x higher per m^3 for steel tanks, which are consistent with other sources. The numbers reported are in rather difficult to pinpoint as systems can greatly vary.",2013.0 -CO2 storage tank,lifetime,25.0,years,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, pg. 2746 .","Assuming a 3000m^3 pressurised steel cylinder tanks and a CO2 density of 1100 kg/m^3 (close to triple point at -56.6°C and 5.2 bar with max density of 1200kg/m^3 ). Lauri et al. report costs 3x higher per m^3 for steel tanks, which are consistent with other sources. The numbers reported are in rather difficult to pinpoint as systems can greatly vary.",2013.0 -CO2 submarine pipeline,FOM,0.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",,2015.0 -CO2 submarine pipeline,investment,4232.8865,EUR/(tCO2/h)/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",Assuming the 120-500 t CO2/h range that is based on cost of a 12 inch offshore pipeline.,2015.0 -Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,FOM,1.6,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,investment,527507.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,FOM,2.2,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,investment,2000991.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,FOM,2.2,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,investment,2000991.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,FOM,1.8,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,investment,1126.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,FOM,0.9265,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.64 (p.86) Figure 4.14","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,efficiency,0.7211,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.52^0.5']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,investment,946180.9426,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Turbine Compressor BOP EPC Management']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-store,FOM,0.43,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB 4.5.2.1 Fixed O&M p.62 (p.84)","{'carrier': ['pair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-store,investment,5448.7894,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.64 (p.86)","{'carrier': ['pair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Cavern Storage']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['pair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,investment,166105.3393,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,efficiency,0.4343,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,investment,664421.3572,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Concrete-store,FOM,0.3269,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['concrete'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Concrete-store,investment,26738.4056,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['concrete'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -Concrete-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['concrete'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -"Container feeder, ammonia",efficiency,0.7754,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container feeder, ammonia",investment,41959454.4301,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container feeder, ammonia",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container feeder, diesel",efficiency,0.7718,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, diesel",2023.0 -"Container feeder, diesel",investment,34966212.0251,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, diesel",2023.0 -"Container feeder, diesel",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, diesel",2023.0 -"Container feeder, methanol",efficiency,0.7711,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, methanol",2023.0 -"Container feeder, methanol",investment,38462833.2276,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, methanol",2023.0 -"Container feeder, methanol",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, methanol",2023.0 -"Container, ammonia",efficiency,1.7094,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container, ammonia",investment,143583536.7421,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container, ammonia",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container, diesel",efficiency,1.6399,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, diesel",2023.0 -"Container, diesel",investment,119652947.2851,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, diesel",2023.0 -"Container, diesel",lifetime,31.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, diesel",2023.0 -"Container, methanol",efficiency,1.7001,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, methanol",2023.0 -"Container, methanol",investment,131618242.0136,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, methanol",2023.0 -"Container, methanol",lifetime,31.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, methanol",2023.0 -Diesel Bus city,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,Motor size,250.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,efficiency,2.2786,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,investment,150756.2732,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,Motor size,350.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,efficiency,2.393,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,investment,231296.0768,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,FOM,0.0005,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,Motor size,380.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,efficiency,3.4385,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,investment,142012.114,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,lifetime,10.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,Motor size,235.1724,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,efficiency,2.3586,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,investment,155444.0931,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,Motor size,382.3529,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,efficiency,3.4819,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,investment,177515.1425,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,Motor size,375.8621,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,VOM,0.0979,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,efficiency,1.6958,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,investment,356178.0895,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Coach,FOM,0.0001,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,Motor size,375.8621,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,efficiency,1.6864,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,investment,653008.177,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,Motor size,492.2414,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,efficiency,2.6623,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,investment,255848.6038,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,lifetime,10.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,Motor size,363.7931,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,efficiency,1.7934,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,investment,276930.7366,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,Motor size,363.7931,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,efficiency,2.9676,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,investment,299001.7859,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FT fuel transport ship,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -FT fuel transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_FTfuel,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -FT fuel transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -FT fuel transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.1.",,2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,VOM,4.8562,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",102 Hydrogen to Jet: Variable O&M,2020.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -Fischer-Tropsch,carbondioxide-input,0.343,t_CO2/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","Input per 1t FT liquid fuels output, carbon efficiency increases with years (4.3, 3.9, 3.6, 3.3 t_CO2/t_FT from 2020-2050 with LHV 11.95 MWh_th/t_FT).", -Fischer-Tropsch,efficiency,0.799,per unit,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.2.",,2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,electricity-input,0.0075,MWh_el/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","0.005 MWh_el input per FT output, output increasing from 2020 to 2050 (0.65, 0.7, 0.73, 0.75 MWh liquid FT output).", -Fischer-Tropsch,hydrogen-input,1.476,MWh_H2/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","0.995 MWh_H2 per output, output increasing from 2020 to 2050 (0.65, 0.7, 0.73, 0.75 MWh liquid FT output).", -Fischer-Tropsch,investment,761417.4621,EUR/MW_FT,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 8: “Reference scenario”.","Well developed technology, no significant learning expected.",2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (04/2022), Data sheet “Methanol to Power”.",,2017.0 -Gasnetz,FOM,2.5,%,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz,2020.0 -Gasnetz,investment,28.0,EUR/kWGas,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz,2020.0 -Gasnetz,lifetime,30.0,years,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz,2020.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),FOM,6.25,%/year,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , figure 7 and pg. 12 .",Assuming ca. 10 EUR/m^3/a (center value between stand alone and addon facility).,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),investment,137.8999,EUR/m^3,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 8F .",Assumed 20% lower than for product storage. Crude or middle distillate tanks are usually larger compared to product storage due to lower requirements on safety and different construction method. Reference size used here: 80 000 – 120 000 m^3 .,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),lifetime,30.0,years,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 11.",,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),FOM,6.25,%/year,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , figure 7 and pg. 12 .",Assuming ca. 10 EUR/m^3/a (center value between stand alone and addon facility).,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),investment,172.3748,EUR/m^3,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 8F .",Assumed at the higher end for addon facilities/mid-range for stand-alone facilities. Product storage usually smaller due to higher requirements on safety and different construction method. Reference size used here: 40 000 - 60 000 m^3 .,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),lifetime,30.0,years,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 11.",,2012.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.76 (p.98) Sentence 1 in 4.7.2 Operating Costs","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['1.5 percent of capital cost']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,efficiency,0.9274,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.36","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.86^0.5']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,investment,415570.5177,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 0% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,lifetime,41.7,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.36","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-store,investment,172353.7601,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 15% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['gravity'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Gravitational Capital (SB+BOS)']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-store,lifetime,41.7,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.36","{'carrier': ['gravity'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.76 (p.98) Sentence 1 in 4.7.2 Operating Costs","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['1.5 percent of capital cost']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,efficiency,0.9014,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level ((0.785+0.84)/2)^0.5']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,investment,365630.713,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 0% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-store,investment,133234.2464,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 15% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['gravitywa'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Gravitational Capital (SB+BOS)']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['gravitywa'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.76 (p.98) Sentence 1 in 4.7.2 Operating Costs","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['1.5 percent of capital cost']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,efficiency,0.9014,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level ((0.785+0.84)/2)^0.5']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,investment,905158.9602,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 0% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-store,investment,104935.0238,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 15% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['gravitywu'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Gravitational Capital (SB+BOS)']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['gravitywu'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -H2 (g) fill compressor station,FOM,1.7,%/year,"Guidehouse 2020: European Hydrogen Backbone report, https://guidehouse.com/-/media/www/site/downloads/energy/2020/gh_european-hydrogen-backbone_report.pdf (table 3, table 5)","Pessimistic (highest) value chosen for 48'' pipeline w/ 13GW_H2 LHV @ 100bar pressure. Currency year: Not clearly specified, assuming year of publication. Forecast year: Not clearly specified, guessing based on text remarks.",2020.0 -H2 (g) fill compressor station,investment,4738.7164,EUR/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), pg. 164, Figure 14 (Fill compressor).","Assumption for staging 35→140bar, 6000 MW_HHV single line pipeline. Considering HHV/LHV ration for H2.",2015.0 -H2 (g) fill compressor station,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), pg. 168, Figure 24 (Fill compressor).",,2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,FOM,3.5833,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, > 6000 MW_HHV single line pipeline, incl. booster station investments. Considering LHV by scaling with LHV/HHV=0.8462623413.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,electricity-input,0.02,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,investment,303.6845,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 4.4 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, > 6000 MW_HHV single line pipeline, incl. booster station investments. Considering LHV by scaling with LHV/HHV=0.8462623413.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,FOM,3.5833,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.",Same as for new H2 (g) pipeline.,2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,electricity-input,0.02,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,investment,129.4682,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line repurposed pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 0.8 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.",Same as for new H2 (g) pipeline.,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,FOM,3.0,%/year,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,electricity-input,0.02,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,investment,456.1165,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line offshore pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 7.48 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,lifetime,30.0,years,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,FOM,3.0,%/year,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,electricity-input,0.02,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,investment,160.1562,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line repurposed offshore pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 1.5 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,lifetime,30.0,years,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (l) storage tank,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.",Assuming currency year and technology year here (25 EUR/kg).,2015.0 -H2 (l) storage tank,investment,793.7456,EUR/MWh_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.","Assuming currency year and technology year here (25 EUR/kg). Future target cost. Today’s cost potentially higher according to d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material pg. 16.",2015.0 -H2 (l) storage tank,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.",Assuming currency year and technology year here (25 EUR/kg).,2015.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,capacity,11000.0,t_H2,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,investment,393737000.0,EUR,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,lifetime,20.0,years,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 evaporation,FOM,2.5,%/year,"DNV GL (2020): Study on the Import of Liquid Renewable Energy: Technology Cost Assessment, https://www.gie.eu/wp-content/uploads/filr/2598/DNV-GL_Study-GLE-Technologies-and-costs-analysis-on-imports-of-liquid-renewable-energy.pdf .",,2020.0 -H2 evaporation,investment,146.8405,EUR/kW_H2,"IRENA (2022): Global Hydrogen Trade to Meet the 1.5° Climate Goal: Technology Review of Hydrogen Carriers, https://www.irena.org/publications/2022/Apr/Global-hydrogen-trade-Part-II , pg. 62f.","Pessimistic assumption for large scale facility / near-term estimate for medium sized facility, in between low / mid estimate with e.g. DNV numbers (Fig. 3.15).; and Optimistic assumption for large scale facility 2500 t/d, cf Fig. 3.15 .",2022.0 -H2 evaporation,lifetime,20.0,years,Guesstimate.,Based on lifetime of liquefaction plant.,2015.0 -H2 liquefaction,FOM,2.5,%/year,"DNV GL (2020): Study on the Import of Liquid Renewable Energy: Technology Cost Assessment, https://www.gie.eu/wp-content/uploads/filr/2598/DNV-GL_Study-GLE-Technologies-and-costs-analysis-on-imports-of-liquid-renewable-energy.pdf .",,2020.0 -H2 liquefaction,electricity-input,0.203,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"Heuser et al. (2019): Techno-economic analysis of a potential energy trading link between Patagonia and Japan based on CO2 free hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.12.156), table 1.","6.78 kWh/kg_H2, considering H2 with LHV of 33.3333 MWh/t", -H2 liquefaction,hydrogen-input,1.017,MWh_H2/MWh_H2,"Heuser et al. (2019): Techno-economic analysis of a potential energy trading link between Patagonia and Japan based on CO2 free hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.12.156), table 1.",corresponding to 1.65% losses during liquefaction, -H2 liquefaction,investment,889.9426,EUR/kW_H2,"IRENA (2022): Global Hydrogen Trade to Meet the 1.5° Climate Goal: Technology Review of Hydrogen Carriers, https://www.irena.org/publications/2022/Apr/Global-hydrogen-trade-Part-II , pg. 62f.","Assumption for a 200t/d facility (Pessimistic long-term or optimistic short-term value).; and Assumption for a large >300t/d, e.g. 2500 t/d facility (Optimistic long-term value without change in base technology mentioned in report).",2022.0 -H2 liquefaction,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2022.0 -H2 pipeline,FOM,3.0,%/year,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -H2 pipeline,investment,282.5452,EUR/MW/km,Welder et al https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.05.059, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -H2 pipeline,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,FOM,5.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,VOM,0.5118,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,electricity-input,0.097,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification,investment,1467.9399,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification,wood-input,1.804,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification CC,FOM,5.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification CC,VOM,0.5232,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification CC,electricity-input,0.143,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification CC,investment,1489.0957,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification CC,wood-input,1.804,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification,FOM,5.9,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification,VOM,0.6677,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification,coal-input,1.77,MWh_coal/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification,electricity-input,0.07,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification,investment,526.0516,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification CC,FOM,7.9,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification CC,VOM,0.2275,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification CC,coal-input,1.77,MWh_coal/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification CC,electricity-input,0.111,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification CC,investment,591.9076,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,FOM,5.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,VOM,0.1592,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,electricity-input,0.063,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,investment,491.1331,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,lifetime,25.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,oil-input,1.3,MWh_oil/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,FOM,4.9,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,VOM,0.2673,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,electricity-input,0.02,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,gas-input,1.32,MWh_NG/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,investment,228.8467,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,FOM,5.2,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,VOM,0.3412,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,electricity-input,0.05,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,gas-input,1.52,MWh_NG/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,investment,310.2851,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,FOM,4.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,VOM,0.7393,EUR/MWh,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,electricity-input,0.044,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,investment,590.6564,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,wood-input,1.36,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -HVAC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVAC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVAC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,investment,165803.0398,EUR/MW,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC submarine,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0 -HVDC submarine,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1,2017.0 -HVDC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0 -HVDC underground,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 -HVDC underground,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1 (same as for HVDC submarine),2017.0 -HVDC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 -Haber-Bosch,FOM,3.0128,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,VOM,0.0206,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Variable O&M,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,electricity-input,0.2473,MWh_el/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), table 11.",Assume 5 GJ/t_NH3 for compressors and NH3 LHV = 5.16666 MWh/t_NH3., -Haber-Bosch,hydrogen-input,1.1484,MWh_H2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.","178 kg_H2 per t_NH3, LHV for both assumed.", -Haber-Bosch,investment,1594.4641,EUR/kW_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,nitrogen-input,0.1597,t_N2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.",".33 MWh electricity are required for ASU per t_NH3, considering 0.4 MWh are required per t_N2 and LHV of NH3 of 5.1666 Mwh.", -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,investment,166045.8871,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,efficiency,0.4444,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,investment,664183.5486,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['salthight'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-store,investment,103333.7792,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['salthight'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['salthight'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),FOM,1.1,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),efficiency,0.48,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),investment,43500.0,EUR/PKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),FOM,12.5,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),efficiency,0.56,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),investment,122291.0,EUR/LKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,FOM,0.5473,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,efficiency,0.6963,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133) include inverter 0.98 & transformer efficiency 0.98 ","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Electrolyzer']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,investment,825760.6159,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.113 (p.135)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Electrolyzer']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,lifetime,30.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,FOM,0.5307,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,efficiency,0.4869,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133) include inverter 0.98 & transformer efficiency 0.98 ","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Fuel Cell']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,investment,822421.3869,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.113 (p.135)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Fuel Cell']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,lifetime,30.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-store,FOM,0.43,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB =(C38+C39)*0.43/4","{'carrier': ['h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-store,investment,4779.9527,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.113 (p.135)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Cavern Storage']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-store,lifetime,30.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LNG storage tank,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank with comparable requirements.",Currency year and technology year assumed based on publication date.,2019.0 -LNG storage tank,investment,666.634,EUR/m^3,"Hurskainen 2019, https://cris.vtt.fi/en/publications/liquid-organic-hydrogen-carriers-lohc-concept-evaluation-and-tech pg. 46 (59).",Currency year and technology year assumed based on publication date.,2019.0 -LNG storage tank,lifetime,20.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank with comparable requirements.",Currency year and technology year assumed based on publication date.,2019.0 -LOHC chemical,investment,2500.0,EUR/t,"Runge et al 2020, pg.7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC chemical,lifetime,20.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, pg.7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation,investment,53681.4988,EUR/MW_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",per MW H2 (LHV). For a large plant of 1000 MW capacity. Calculated based on base CAPEX of 30 MEUR for 300 t/day capacity and a scale factor of 0.6.,2015.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),FOM,3.0,%/year,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),investment,839000.0,EUR/MW_H2,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",MW of H2 LHV. For a small plant of 0.9 MW capacity.,2020.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),lifetime,20.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,electricity-input,0.004,MWh_el/t_HLOHC,Niermann et al. (2019): (https://doi.org/10.1039/C8EE02700E). 6A .,"Flow in figures shows 0.2 MW for 114 MW_HHV = 96.4326 MW_LHV = 2.89298 t hydrogen. At 5.6 wt-% effective H2 storage for loaded LOHC (H18-DBT, HLOHC), corresponds to 51.6604 t loaded LOHC .", -LOHC hydrogenation,hydrogen-input,1.867,MWh_H2/t_HLOHC,"Runge et al 2020, pg. 7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",Considering 5.6 wt-% H2 in loaded LOHC (HLOHC) and LHV of H2., -LOHC hydrogenation,investment,54243.958,EUR/MW_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",per MW H2 (LHV). For a large plant of 2000 MW capacity. Calculated based on base CAPEX of 40 MEUR for 300 t/day capacity and a scale factor of 0.6.,2015.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,lohc-input,0.944,t_LOHC/t_HLOHC,"Runge et al 2020, pg. 7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514","Loaded LOHC (H18-DBT, HLOHC) has loaded only 5.6%-wt H2 as rate of discharge is kept at ca. 90%.", -LOHC loaded DBT storage,FOM,6.25,%/year,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -LOHC loaded DBT storage,investment,151.5383,EUR/t,"Density via Wissenschaftliche Dienste des Deutschen Bundestages 2020, https://www.bundestag.de/resource/blob/816048/454e182d5956d45a664da9eb85486f76/WD-8-058-20-pdf-data.pdf , pg. 11.","Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared. Density of loaded LOHC H18-DBT is 0.91 t/m^3.",2012.0 -LOHC loaded DBT storage,lifetime,30.0,years,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -LOHC transport ship,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_LOHC,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC unloaded DBT storage,FOM,6.25,%/year,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -LOHC unloaded DBT storage,investment,134.2745,EUR/t,"Density via Wissenschaftliche Dienste des Deutschen Bundestages 2020, https://www.bundestag.de/resource/blob/816048/454e182d5956d45a664da9eb85486f76/WD-8-058-20-pdf-data.pdf , pg. 11.","Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared. Density of loaded LOHC H18-DBT is 0.91 t/m^3, density of unloaded LOHC H0-DBT is 1.04 t/m^3 but unloading is only to 90% (depth-of-discharge), assume density via linearisation of 1.027 t/m^3.",2012.0 -LOHC unloaded DBT storage,lifetime,30.0,years,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,FOM,2.4245,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,efficiency,0.8832,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.78^0.5']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,investment,139292.4203,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-store,FOM,0.2464,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['lead'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-store,investment,342960.6179,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['lead'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-store,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['lead'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),FOM,1.6,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),efficiency,0.215,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),investment,24309.0,EUR/PKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),FOM,17.5,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),efficiency,0.373,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),investment,102543.0,EUR/LKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,FOM,0.366,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,investment,489692.4838,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Figure 9 of reference roughly 80% of capital cost are power related 47%/80% of costs are required for liquefaction (charging)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,FOM,0.5212,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,efficiency,0.55,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE 0.545 assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,investment,343826.6375,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, NULL","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-store,FOM,0.3244,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['lair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-store,investment,172876.939,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['lair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Liquid Air SB and BOS']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['lair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,FOM,2.095,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,efficiency,0.9193,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.8452^0.5']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,investment,88568.8382,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,lifetime,16.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-store,FOM,0.0447,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['lfp'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-store,investment,281086.7853,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['lfp'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-store,lifetime,16.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['lfp'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,FOM,2.095,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,efficiency,0.9193,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.8452^0.5']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,investment,88568.8382,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,lifetime,13.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-store,FOM,0.0379,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['nmc'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-store,investment,320844.4187,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['nmc'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-store,lifetime,13.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['nmc'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,investment,146783.3911,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,efficiency,0.5394,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,investment,587133.5642,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-store,investment,63731.5141,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_MeOH,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",,2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,investment,18016.8665,EUR/MW_H2,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.","For high temperature steam reforming plant with a capacity of 200 MW_H2 output (6t/h). Reference plant of 1 MW (30kg_H2/h) costs 150kEUR, scale factor of 0.6 assumed.",2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",,2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,methanol-input,1.201,MWh_MeOH/MWh_H2,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",Assuming per 1 t_H2 (with LHV 33.3333 MWh/t): 4.5 MWh_th and 3.2 MWh_el are required. We assume electricity can be substituted / provided with 1:1 as heat energy., -NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank.",,2010.0 -NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,investment,166.8201,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Calculated based on Morgan E. 2013: doi:10.7275/11KT-3F59 , Fig. 55, Fig 58.","Based on estimated for a double-wall liquid ammonia tank (~ambient pressure, -33°C), inner tank from stainless steel, outer tank from concrete including installations for liquefaction/condensation, boil-off gas recovery and safety installations; the necessary installations make only a small fraction of the total cost. The total cost are driven by material and working time on the tanks. -While the costs do not scale strictly linearly, we here assume they do (good approximation c.f. ref. Fig 55.) and take the costs for a 9 kt NH3 (l) tank = 8 M$2010, which is smaller 4-5x smaller than the largest deployed tanks today. -We assume an exchange rate of 1.17$ to 1 €. -The investment value is given per MWh NH3 store capacity, using the LHV of NH3 of 5.18 MWh/t.",2010.0 -NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,lifetime,20.0,years,"Morgan E. 2013: doi:10.7275/11KT-3F59 , pg. 290",,2010.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B",,2019.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,capacity,53000.0,t_NH3,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B",,2019.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,investment,81164200.0,EUR,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B",,2019.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,lifetime,20.0,years,"Guess estimated based on H2 (l) tanker, but more mature technology",,2019.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,FOM,2.095,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['((0.75-0.87)/2)^0.5 mean value of range efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,investment,88568.8382,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) same as Li-LFP","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-store,FOM,0.225,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-store,investment,306333.1401,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-store,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -OCGT,FOM,1.8671,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -OCGT,VOM,4.5856,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Variable O&M,2015.0 -OCGT,efficiency,0.405,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","52 OCGT - Natural gas: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -OCGT,investment,451.1707,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 -OCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -PEM electrolyzer small size,FOM,3.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW,2010.0 -PEM electrolyzer small size,electricity-input,1.38,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW, -PEM electrolyzer small size,investment,1222.7145,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW,2010.0 -PEM electrolyzer small size,lifetime,6.5,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`","Likely stack lifetime, rather than electrolyzer system lifetime", -PHS,FOM,1.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -PHS,efficiency,0.75,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -PHS,investment,2274.8177,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 -PHS,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,FOM,0.366,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Charger']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,investment,784485.9619,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Figure 9 of reference roughly 80% of capital cost are power related 47%/80% of costs are required for liquefaction (charging)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,lifetime,33.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,FOM,0.5212,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,efficiency,0.63,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE 0.62 assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,investment,550809.2924,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, NULL","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,lifetime,33.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-store,FOM,0.1071,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.103 (p.125)","{'carrier': ['phes'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-store,investment,21420.3118,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.92 (p.114)","{'carrier': ['phes'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Molten Salt based SB and BOS']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-store,lifetime,33.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['phes'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,FOM,0.9951,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, Figure 4.16","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,efficiency,0.8944,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.8^0.5']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,investment,1397128.4612,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Powerhouse Construction & Infrastructure']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-store,FOM,0.43,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['phs'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-store,investment,57074.0625,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['phs'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Reservoir Construction & Infrastructure']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['phs'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -SMR,FOM,5.0,%/year,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR,efficiency,0.76,per unit (in LHV),"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SMR,investment,522201.0492,EUR/MW_CH4,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR,lifetime,30.0,years,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SMR CC,FOM,5.0,%/year,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR CC,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",wide range: capture rates between 54%-90%, -SMR CC,efficiency,0.69,per unit (in LHV),"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SMR CC,investment,605753.2171,EUR/MW_CH4,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR CC,lifetime,30.0,years,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SOEC,FOM,4.0,%/year,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,US-based assumptions for a Conservative cost scenario,2022.0 -SOEC,electricity-input,1.205,MWh_el/MWh_H2,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,, -SOEC,investment,2301.3915,USD/kW,"ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions, https://theicct.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/fuels-eu-cost-renew-H-produced-onsite-H-refueling-stations-europe-feb22.pdf adjusted according to DOE observations https://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/docs/hydrogenprogramlibraries/pdfs/24005-clean-hydrogen-production-cost-pem-electrolyzer.pdf?sfvrsn=8cb10889_1#:~:text=This%20Record%20shows%20that%20the,factors%20of%2050%2D75%25",US-based assumptions for a Conservative cost scenario,2022.0 -SOEC,lifetime,30.0,years,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,, -Sand-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Sand-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Sand-charger,investment,148408.4164,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Sand-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,efficiency,0.53,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,investment,593633.6658,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Sand-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['sand'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Sand-store,investment,7357.7979,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.100 (p.122)","{'carrier': ['sand'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -Sand-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['sand'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Steam methane reforming,FOM,3.0,%/year,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW).,2015.0 -Steam methane reforming,investment,497454.611,EUR/MW_H2,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW). Currency conversion 1.17 USD = 1 EUR.,2015.0 -Steam methane reforming,lifetime,30.0,years,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW).,2015.0 -Steam methane reforming,methane-input,1.483,MWh_CH4/MWh_H2,"Keipi et al (2018): Economic analysis of hydrogen production by methane thermal decomposition (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2017.12.063), table 2.","Large scale SMR plant producing 2.5 kg/s H2 output (assuming 33.3333 MWh/t H2 LHV), with 6.9 kg/s CH4 input (feedstock) and 2 kg/s CH4 input (energy). Neglecting water consumption.", -"Tank&bulk, diesel",efficiency,0.462,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, diesel",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, diesel",investment,35129312.4041,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, diesel",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, diesel",lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, diesel",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, methanol",efficiency,0.4695,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, methanol",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, methanol",investment,38642243.6445,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, methanol",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, methanol",lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, methanol",2023.0 -"Tankbulk, ammonia",efficiency,0.471,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tankbulk, ammonia",2023.0 -"Tankbulk, ammonia",investment,42155174.885,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tankbulk, ammonia",2023.0 -"Tankbulk, ammonia",lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tankbulk, ammonia",2023.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,FOM,2.4212,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,efficiency,0.8062,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.65^0.5']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,investment,139486.6307,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-store,FOM,0.234,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['vanadium'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-store,investment,287843.5219,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['vanadium'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-store,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['vanadium'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,FOM,2.4395,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,efficiency,0.7937,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.25 ","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['(0.63)^0.5 efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,investment,129023.0526,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,lifetime,25.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-store,FOM,0.1773,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-store,investment,184643.5101,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.48 (p.70) text below Table 4.12","{'carrier': ['znair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-store,lifetime,25.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['znair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,FOM,2.2974,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,efficiency,0.8307,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.25 ","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['(0.69)^0.5 efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,investment,107925.4668,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,lifetime,10.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.27","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-store,FOM,0.2713,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znbrflow'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-store,investment,444465.2527,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['znbrflow'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-store,lifetime,10.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.27","{'carrier': ['znbrflow'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,FOM,2.4395,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,efficiency,0.8888,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.25","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': [' (0.79)^0.5 efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,investment,129023.0526,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,FOM,0.2362,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,investment,258047.096,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -air separation unit,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -air separation unit,electricity-input,0.25,MWh_el/t_N2,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), p.288.","For consistency reasons use value from Danish Energy Agency. DEA also reports range of values (0.2-0.4 MWh/t_N2) on pg. 288. Other efficienices reported are even higher, e.g. 0.11 Mwh/t_N2 from Morgan (2013): Techno-Economic Feasibility Study of Ammonia Plants Powered by Offshore Wind .", -air separation unit,investment,820033.6604,EUR/t_N2/h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 -air separation unit,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -allam,VOM,2.0,EUR/MWh,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -allam,efficiency,0.6,p.u.,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -allam,investment,1500.0,EUR/kW,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -allam,lifetime,30.0,years,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,FOM,5.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.99,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",CO2 volume captured / (Stream flowrate * Max. capacity utilization * CO2 in exhaust * 8760),2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.1,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,investment,929753.03,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 41 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 389000 t/year",2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -battery inverter,FOM,0.1981,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -battery inverter,efficiency,0.9533,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2020.0 -battery inverter,investment,281.801,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2020.0 -battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -battery storage,investment,233.948,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2020.0 -battery storage,lifetime,24.1667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,FOM,100.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,VOM,160.0417,EUR/MWh_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-biochar,1.0,MWh_biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency biochar",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-heat,3.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency heat",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,investment,160041.7,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.144,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0 -biodiesel crops,fuel,116.9293,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIORPS1 (rape seed), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -bioethanol crops,CO2 intensity,0.1289,tCO2/MWh_th,,"CO2 released during fermentation of bioethanol crops, based on stochiometric composition: C6H12O6 -> 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2 , i.e. 1 kg ethanol → ~0.956 kg CO₂ (from fermentation) → 0.1289 tCO₂/MWh (with LHV = 26.7 MJ/kg).", -bioethanol crops,fuel,72.2943,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOCRP11 (Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -biogas,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 -biogas,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biogas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, -biogas,fuel,62.4351,EUR/MWhth,JRC and Zappa, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biogas,investment,1070.8152,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 -biogas,lifetime,19.1667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biogas CC,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas CC,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 -biogas CC,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biogas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, -biogas CC,investment,1070.8152,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 -biogas CC,lifetime,19.1667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biogas manure,fuel,19.8126,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOGAS1 (manure), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,FOM,21.4742,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,VOM,3.9878,EUR/MWh_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Variable O&M,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,investment,892.5471,EUR/kW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Specific investment,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -biogas upgrading,FOM,17.0397,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Fixed O&M ",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,VOM,4.3159,EUR/MWh output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Variable O&M",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,investment,200.1388,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: investment (upgrading, methane redution and grid injection)",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,lifetime,19.1667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biomass,FOM,4.5269,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,efficiency,0.468,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,fuel,7.4076,EUR/MWhth,IEA2011b, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,investment,2337.6116,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,lifetime,30.0,years,ECF2010 in DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass CHP,FOM,3.5787,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass CHP,VOM,2.1086,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -biomass CHP,c_b,0.4527,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -biomass CHP,efficiency,0.3178,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7127,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass CHP,investment,3395.6572,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -biomass CHP,lifetime,26.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,capture_rate,0.9033,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-electricity-input,0.095,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-heat-output,0.1533,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,electricity-input,0.0278,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-input,0.7858,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-output,0.7858,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,investment,3016666.6667,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass EOP,FOM,3.5787,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass EOP,VOM,2.1086,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -biomass EOP,c_b,0.4527,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -biomass EOP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -biomass EOP,efficiency,0.3178,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass EOP,efficiency-heat,0.7127,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass EOP,investment,3395.6572,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -biomass EOP,lifetime,26.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass HOP,FOM,5.7342,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Fixed O&M, heat output",2015.0 -biomass HOP,VOM,2.367,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Variable O&M heat output,2015.0 -biomass HOP,efficiency,1.0336,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass HOP,investment,882.1322,EUR/kW_th - heat output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Nominal investment ,2015.0 -biomass HOP,lifetime,26.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -biomass boiler,FOM,7.9938,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass boiler,efficiency,0.8425,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -biomass boiler,investment,659.2667,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Specific investment",2015.0 -biomass boiler,lifetime,20.8333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass boiler,pelletizing cost,9.0,EUR/MWh_pellets,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.109506,,2019.0 -biomass-to-methanol,C in fuel,0.44,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,C stored,0.56,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,CO2 stored,0.2053,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,FOM,4.4005,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,VOM,18.2411,EUR/MWh_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Variable O&M,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency,0.65,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Methanol Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-electricity,0.15,MWh_e/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Electricity Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-heat,0.3167,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: District heat Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,investment,4801.2803,EUR/kW_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Specific investment,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,FOM,14.18,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",123.67 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘BF-BOF’.,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,coal-input,1.43,MWh_coal/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15). ","Based on process ‘Avg BF-BOF` using 195 kg_PCI/t_HM (PCI = Pulverized Coal Injected; HM = Hot Metal) as substitute for coke, 24 MJ/kg as LHV for coal and 1 : 1.1 as HM-to-steel ratio.",2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15).",,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,investment,7637406.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",871.85 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘Avg BF-BOF’.,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15).",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,ore-input,1.539,t_ore/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",Based on process ‘Avg BF-BOF`,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,scrap-input,0.051,t_scrap/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",Based on process ‘Avg BF-BOF`,2020.0 -cement capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,capture_rate,0.9033,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,compression-electricity-input,0.095,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,compression-heat-output,0.1533,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,electricity-input,0.0233,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,heat-input,0.7858,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,heat-output,1.5917,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,investment,2733333.3333,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,FOM,7.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",CO2 volume captured / (Stream flowrate * Max. capacity utilization * CO2 in exhaust * 8760),2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,investment,2587727.173,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 247 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 842000 t/year",2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement dry clinker,FOM,4.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,VOM,5.2911,EUR/t_clinker,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,electricity-input,0.0694,MWh_el/t_clinker,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original values 0.25 PJ per Mt clinker,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,gas-input,0.0002,MWh_NG/t_clinker,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original values 0.0058 PJ per Mt clinker,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,heat-input,0.9444,MWh_th/t_CO2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original values 3.4 PJ per Mt clinker,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,investment,1158752.6816,EUR/t_clinker/h,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original value 125 EUR/t/year,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,lifetime,30.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement finishing,FOM,30.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement finishing,VOM,3.1747,EUR/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement finishing,clinker-input,0.656,t_cl/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND_Trans.xlsx`, Sheet `IND_Trans` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer),2015.0 -cement finishing,electricity-input,0.1736,MWh_el/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND_Trans.xlsx`, Sheet `IND_Trans` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer) with original value 0.6251 PJ per Mt cement.,2015.0 -cement finishing,investment,92700.2145,EUR/t_cement/h,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original value 10 EUR/t/year,2015.0 -cement finishing,lifetime,25.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer),2015.0 -cement finishing,slag-input,0.194,t_slag/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND_Trans.xlsx`, Sheet `IND_Trans` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer),2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.2028,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.3175,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.1667,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Total efficiency, net, name plate",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,investment,956.4376,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,27.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central coal CHP,FOM,1.6316,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central coal CHP,VOM,3.0376,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central coal CHP,c_b,0.84,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -central coal CHP,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cv coefficient,2015.0 -central coal CHP,efficiency,0.4933,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","01 Coal CHP: Electricity efficiency, condensation mode, net",2015.0 -central coal CHP,investment,1990.14,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central coal CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.2891,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.7884,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,efficiency,5.2,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,investment,671.1843,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,lifetime,27.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas CHP,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP,VOM,4.4093,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP,c_b,0.9333,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central gas CHP,c_v,0.17,per unit,DEA (loss of fuel for additional heat), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central gas CHP,efficiency,0.4033,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central gas CHP,investment,582.0219,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central gas CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,VOM,4.4093,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,c_b,0.9333,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,efficiency,0.4033,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,investment,582.0219,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas boiler,FOM,3.209,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central gas boiler,VOM,1.0759,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central gas boiler,efficiency,1.035,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","44 Natural Gas DH Only: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central gas boiler,investment,59.084,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central gas boiler,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,FOM,0.8947,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,VOM,4.8054,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,investment,2771.5549,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,lifetime,26.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.3416,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.1129,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,1.725,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,investment,567.9123,EUR/kW_th excluding drive energy,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.8333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,FOM,5.2143,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,efficiency,0.505,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,investment,1234.5919,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central resistive heater,FOM,1.6892,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central resistive heater,VOM,0.8819,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central resistive heater,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","41 Electric Boilers: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central resistive heater,investment,65.257,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Nominal investment; 10/15 kV; >10 MW,2015.0 -central resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central solar thermal,FOM,1.4,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solar thermal,investment,148151.0278,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,FOM,2.8711,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,VOM,4.5848,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,c_b,0.346,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency,0.2874,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.8296,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,investment,3556.7223,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,lifetime,26.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,FOM,2.8711,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,VOM,4.5848,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_b,0.346,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency,0.2874,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.8296,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,investment,5343.1023,EUR/kW_e,Combination of central solid biomass CHP CC and solid biomass boiler steam,,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,lifetime,26.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,FOM,2.8711,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,VOM,4.5848,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_b,0.346,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency,0.2874,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency-heat,0.8296,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,investment,3556.7223,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,lifetime,26.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central water pit charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2020.0 -central water pit discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2020.0 -central water pit storage,Bottom storage temperature,35.0,⁰C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Typical bottom storage temperature,2020.0 -central water pit storage,FOM,0.2477,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -central water pit storage,Top storage temperature,90.0,⁰C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Typical max. storage temperature,2020.0 -central water pit storage,energy to power ratio,150.0,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2020.0 -central water pit storage,investment,1.0091,EUR/kWh Capacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Specific investment,2020.0 -central water pit storage,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -central water pit storage,standing losses,0.0071,%/hour,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Energy losses during storage,2020.0 -central water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2020.0 -central water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2020.0 -central water tank storage,FOM,1.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central water tank storage,energy to power ratio,60.1307,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2020.0 -central water tank storage,investment,2.8986,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Specific investment,2020.0 -central water tank storage,lifetime,41.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -central water tank storage,standing losses,0.0074,%/hour,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Energy losses during storage,2020.0 -central water tank storage,temperature difference,50.8333,"hot/cold, K","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Typical temperature difference,2020.0 -clean water tank storage,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0 -clean water tank storage,investment,69.1286,EUR/m^3-H2O,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0 -clean water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",, -coal,CO2 intensity,0.3361,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid-Emissionen des deutschen Strommix in den Jahren 1990 - 2018,, -coal,FOM,1.31,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100.",2023.0 -coal,VOM,3.2612,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3+5.5)USD/MWh_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR).",2023.0 -coal,efficiency,0.356,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. 1 / ((8.75+12) MMbtu/MWh_th /2 / (3.4095 MMbtu/MWh_th)), rounded up.",2023.0 -coal,fuel,9.5542,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on IEA 2011 data, 99 USD/t.",2010.0 -coal,investment,3827.1629,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Higher costs include coal plants with CCS, but since using here for calculating the average nevertheless. Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3200+6775) USD/kW_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR).",2023.0 -coal,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 -csp-tower,FOM,1.05,%/year,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power),Ratio between CAPEX and FOM from ATB database for “moderate” scenario.,2020.0 -csp-tower,investment,134.165,"EUR/kW_th,dp",ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include solar field and solar tower as well as EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant). Total costs (223,708,924 USD) are divided by active area (heliostat reflective area, 1,269,054 m2) and multiplied by design point DNI (0.95 kW/m2) to obtain EUR/kW_th. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR.",2020.0 -csp-tower,lifetime,30.0,years,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power),-,2020.0 -csp-tower TES,FOM,1.05,%/year,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -csp-tower TES,investment,17.975,EUR/kWh_th,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include the TES incl. EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant, 2.791 MW_th TES). Total costs (69390776.7 USD) are divided by TES size to obtain EUR/kW_th. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR.",2020.0 -csp-tower TES,lifetime,30.0,years,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -csp-tower power block,FOM,1.05,%/year,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -csp-tower power block,investment,939.87,EUR/kW_e,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include the power cycle incl. BOP and EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant). Total costs (135185685.5 USD) are divided by power block nameplate capacity size to obtain EUR/kW_e. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR.",2020.0 -csp-tower power block,lifetime,30.0,years,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -decentral CHP,FOM,3.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral CHP,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral CHP,investment,1481.5103,EUR/kWel,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,FOM,2.9777,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.3 Air to water existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,1019.7408,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,18.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,FOM,6.43,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,efficiency,0.9783,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","202 Natural gas boiler: Total efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,investment,348.3277,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,lifetime,20.8333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler connection,investment,206.8821,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Possible additional specific investment,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler connection,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,1.8567,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.8667,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.7 Ground source existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,1635.4334,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,20.8333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,FOM,2.0,%/year,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,investment,165.0975,EUR/kWth,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf) (+eigene Berechnung), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,FOM,2.0,%/year,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,investment,105.8222,EUR/kWhth,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,FOM,1.3,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,investment,285719.8393,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2020.0 -decentral water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,FOM,1.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,VOM,0.5974,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Variable O&M,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,energy to power ratio,0.1545,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,investment,436.9298,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Specific investment,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,lifetime,33.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,standing losses,2.1667,%/hour,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Energy losses during storage,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,temperature difference,30.0,"hot/cold, K","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Typical temperature difference,2020.0 -digestible biomass,fuel,17.0611,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOAGRW1, ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0 -digestible biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -digestible biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -digestible biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.39,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, -digestible biomass to hydrogen,investment,3972.2994,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -direct air capture,FOM,4.95,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,compression-electricity-input,0.15,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,compression-heat-output,0.2,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,electricity-input,0.4,MWh_el/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","0.4 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 0.182 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019). Should already include electricity for water scrubbing and compression (high quality CO2 output).",2020.0 -direct air capture,heat-input,1.6,MWh_th/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","Thermal energy demand. Provided via air-sourced heat pumps. 1.6 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 1.102 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019).",2020.0 -direct air capture,heat-output,1.1583,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,investment,6333333.3333,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct firing gas,FOM,1.1818,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas,VOM,0.2841,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing gas,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing gas,lifetime,15.8333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,FOM,1.1818,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,VOM,0.2841,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,lifetime,15.8333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,FOM,1.5227,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,VOM,0.3288,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,lifetime,15.8333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,FOM,1.5227,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,VOM,0.3288,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,lifetime,15.8333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Based on https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/capesize-freight-returns-below-operating-expense-levels-but-shipowners-reject-lay-ups/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","5000 USD/d OPEX, exchange rate: 1.15 USD = 1 EUR; absolute value calculate relative to investment cost.",2020.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,capacity,180000.0,t,-,"DWT; corresponds to size of Capesize bulk carriers which have previously docked at the habour in Hamburg, Germany. Short of 200 kt limit for VLBCs.",2020.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,investment,40000000.0,EUR,"Based on https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/dry-bulk-carriers-in-high-demand-as-rates-keep-rallying/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","See figure for ‘Dry Bulk Newbuild Prices’, Capesize at end of 2020. Exchange rate: 1.15 USD = 1 EUR.",2020.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,lifetime,25.0,years,"Based on https://mfame.guru/fall-life-expectancy-bulk-carriers/, accessed: 2022-12-03.",Expected lifetime.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,FOM,30.0,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","EAF has high OPEX of 62.99 EUR/year/t_steel, presumably because of electrode corrosion.",2020.0 -electric arc furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,electricity-input,0.6395,MWh_el/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘EAF’. ,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,hbi-input,1.0,t_hbi/t_steel,-,Assume HBI instead of scrap as input.Scrap would require higher input (in tonnes) as steel content is lower.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,investment,1839600.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",210 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘EAF’.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,FOM,30.0,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","EAF has high OPEX of 62.99 EUR/year/t_steel, presumably because of electrode corrosion.",2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,electricity-input,0.6395,MWh_el/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘EAF’. ,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,hbi-input,0.37,t_hbi/t_steel,"World Steel Association, Fact Sheet – Steel and raw materials: https://worldsteel.org/wp-content/uploads/Fact-sheet-raw-materials-2023-1.pdf, Accessed 2024-04-17.",Assume HBI instead of scrap as input.Scrap would require higher input (in tonnes) as steel content is lower.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,investment,1839600.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",210 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘EAF’.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,scrap-input,0.71,t_scrap/t_steel,"World Steel Association, Fact Sheet – Steel and raw materials: https://worldsteel.org/wp-content/uploads/Fact-sheet-raw-materials-2023-1.pdf, Accessed 2024-04-17.",,2020.0 -electric boiler steam,FOM,1.334,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Fixed O&M,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,VOM,0.8568,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Variable O&M,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","310.1 Electric boiler steam : Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -electric boiler steam,investment,78.8817,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Nominal investment,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Technical lifetime,2019.0 -electric steam cracker,FOM,3.0,%/year,Guesstimate,,2015.0 -electric steam cracker,VOM,190.4799,EUR/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",,2015.0 -electric steam cracker,carbondioxide-output,0.55,t_CO2/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), ",The report also references another source with 0.76 t_CO2/t_HVC, -electric steam cracker,electricity-input,2.7,MWh_el/t_HVC,"Lechtenböhmer et al. (2016): 10.1016/j.energy.2016.07.110, Section 4.3, page 6.",Assuming electrified processing., -electric steam cracker,investment,11124025.7434,EUR/(t_HVC/h),"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",Assuming CAPEX of 1200 €/t actually given in €/(t/a).,2015.0 -electric steam cracker,lifetime,30.0,years,Guesstimate,, -electric steam cracker,naphtha-input,14.8,MWh_naphtha/t_HVC,"Lechtenböhmer et al. (2016): 10.1016/j.energy.2016.07.110, Section 4.3, page 6.",, -electricity distribution grid,FOM,2.0,%/year,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity distribution grid,investment,529.1108,EUR/kW,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity distribution grid,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity grid connection,FOM,2.0,%/year,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity grid connection,investment,148.151,EUR/kW,DEA, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity grid connection,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electrobiofuels,C in fuel,0.9257,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,FOM,5.6686,%/year,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2015.0 -electrobiofuels,VOM,4.4918,EUR/MWh_th,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2017.0 -electrobiofuels,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -electrobiofuels,efficiency-biomass,1.32,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,efficiency-hydrogen,1.1951,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,efficiency-tot,0.6272,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,investment,512440.2631,EUR/kW_th,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2017.0 -electrolysis,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 -electrolysis,efficiency,0.5728,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 -electrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.2815,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 -electrolysis,investment,1800.0,EUR/kW_e,private communications; IEA https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/9e0c82d4-06d2-496b-9542-f184ba803645/TheRoleofE-fuelsinDecarbonisingTransport.pdf,,2020.0 -electrolysis,lifetime,24.1667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -electrolysis small,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 -electrolysis small,efficiency,0.5728,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 -electrolysis small,efficiency-heat,0.2815,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 -electrolysis small,investment,1962.5,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Specific investment,2020.0 -electrolysis small,lifetime,24.1667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Technical lifetime of plant,2020.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,FOM,7.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.94,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.12,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,investment,928559.735,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 36 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 342000 t/year",2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol from starch crop,FOM,15.2,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original values FIXOM in MEUR/GW divided by INVCOST for the corresponding year",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,VOM,26.3497,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value 6.93 MEUR/PJ VAROM",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,efficiency,0.58,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production. Converted from 0.35 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,investment,650509.9986,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for USA and European production,2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,FOM,18.09,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original values FIXOM in MEUR/GW divided by INVCOST for the corresponding year",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,VOM,23.1751,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production, original value 6.09 MEUR/PJ VAROM",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,efficiency,0.45,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production. Converted from 0.292 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,investment,481416.7648,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for Brazilian production,2015.0 -fuel cell,FOM,5.2143,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -fuel cell,efficiency,0.505,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -fuel cell,investment,1234.5919,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -fuelwood,fuel,15.261,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOO (FuelwoodRW), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -gas,CO2 intensity,0.198,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 50 GJ/t CH4,, -gas,fuel,24.568,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -gas boiler steam,FOM,3.6771,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,VOM,1.0909,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.9267,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -gas boiler steam,investment,53.4015,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,lifetime,25.8333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -gas storage,FOM,0.5368,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",150 Underground Storage of Gas: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -gas storage,investment,0.2366,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",150 Underground Storage of Gas: Specific investment,2020.0 -gas storage,lifetime,100.0,years,TODO no source,"150 Underground Storage of Gas: estimation: most underground storage are already built, they do have a long lifetime",2020.0 -gas storage charger,investment,15.2479,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",,2020.0 -gas storage discharger,investment,5.0826,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",,2020.0 -geothermal,CO2 intensity,0.12,tCO2/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",Likely to be improved; Average of 85 percent of global egs power plant capacity; Result of fluid circulation through rock formations,2020.0 -geothermal,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",See Supplemental Material of source for details,2020.0 -geothermal,district heat surcharge,25.0,%,Frey et al. 2022: Techno-Economic Assessment of Geothermal Resources in the Variscan Basement of the Northern Upper Rhine Graben,"If capital cost of electric generation from EGS is 100%, district heating adds additional 25%. Costs incurred by piping.",2020.0 -geothermal,district heat-input,0.8,MWh_thdh/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, District Heat-output. This is an assessment of typical heat losses when heat is transmitted from the EGS plant to the DH network, This is a rough estimate, depends on local conditions",2020.0 -geothermal,lifetime,30.0,years,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",,2020.0 -helmeth,FOM,3.0,%/year,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -helmeth,efficiency,0.8,per unit,HELMETH press release, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -helmeth,investment,2116.4433,EUR/kW,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -helmeth,lifetime,25.0,years,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -home battery inverter,FOM,0.1981,%/year,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -home battery inverter,efficiency,0.9533,per unit,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2020.0 -home battery inverter,investment,397.9278,EUR/kW,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2020.0 -home battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -home battery storage,investment,331.2457,EUR/kWh,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2020.0 -home battery storage,lifetime,24.1667,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -hydro,FOM,1.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -hydro,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -hydro,investment,2274.8177,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 -hydro,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,FOM,11.3,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","55.28 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ OPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15).",,2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,electricity-input,1.03,MWh_el/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ reduced by electricity demand of process ‘EAF’.,2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,hydrogen-input,2.1,MWh_H2/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2022-12-05). ","63 kg H2/t steel for process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ according to documentation (raw input files for MPP model list 73 kg H2 / t steel, which seems to high and is probably incorrect).",2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,investment,4277858.0,EUR/t_HBI/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","488.34 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ CAPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,ore-input,1.59,t_ore/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03). ",Based on process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’.,2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,compression-electricity-input,0.05,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.",1.707 kWh/kg.,2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,investment,87.69,EUR/kW_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.","2923 EUR/kg_H2. For a 206 kg/h compressor. Base CAPEX 40 528 EUR/kW_el with scale factor 0.4603. kg_H2 converted to MWh using LHV. Pressure range: 30 bar in, 250 bar out.",2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,lifetime,15.0,years,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,investment,13.5,EUR/kWh_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.","450 EUR/kg_H2 converted with LHV to MWh. For a type 1 hydrogen storage tank (steel, 15-250 bar). Currency year assumed 2020 for initial publication of reference; observe note in SI.4.3 that no currency year is explicitly stated in the reference.",2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,lifetime,20.0,years,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,min_fill_level,6.0,%,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,FOM,1.0784,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,investment,54.2334,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Specific investment,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,lifetime,25.8333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,FOM,0.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,VOM,0.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Variable O&M,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,investment,2.9775,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Specific investment,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,lifetime,100.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,FOM,0.0918,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,VOM,3.2593,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Variable O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,efficiency,3.0458,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,investment,1018.2784,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Nominal investment,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,lifetime,21.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,FOM,0.1102,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,VOM,3.2593,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Variable O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,efficiency,2.6483,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,investment,848.5653,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,lifetime,21.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -iron ore DRI-ready,commodity,97.73,EUR/t,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://missionpossiblepartnership.org/action-sectors/steel/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","DRI ready assumes 65% iron content, requiring no additional benefication.",2020.0 -iron-air battery,FOM,1.0219,%/year,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery,investment,25.1342,EUR/kWh,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery,lifetime,17.5,years,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery charge,efficiency,0.7,per unit,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery discharge,efficiency,0.59,per unit,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -lignite,CO2 intensity,0.4069,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid-Emissionen des deutschen Strommix in den Jahren 1990 - 2018,, -lignite,FOM,1.31,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,VOM,3.2612,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3+5.5)USD/MWh_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR). Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,efficiency,0.33,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. 1 / ((8.75+12) MMbtu/MWh_th /2 / (3.4095 MMbtu/MWh_th)), rounded up. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,fuel,3.2985,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on IEA 2011 data, 10 USD/t.",2010.0 -lignite,investment,3827.1629,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Higher costs include coal plants with CCS, but since using here for calculating the average nevertheless. Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3200+6775) USD/kW_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR). Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf .",2023.0 -lignite,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -methanation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.2.3.1",,2017.0 -methanation,carbondioxide-input,0.198,t_CO2/MWh_CH4,"Götz et al. (2016): Renewable Power-to-Gas: A technological and economic review (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2015.07.066), Fig. 11 .",Additional H2 required for methanation process (2x H2 amount compared to stochiometric conversion)., -methanation,efficiency,0.8,per unit,Palzer and Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -methanation,hydrogen-input,1.282,MWh_H2/MWh_CH4,,Based on ideal conversion process of stochiometric composition (1 t CH4 contains 750 kg of carbon)., -methanation,investment,728.6739,EUR/kW_CH4,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 6: “Reference scenario”.",,2017.0 -methanation,lifetime,20.0,years,Guesstimate.,"Based on lifetime for methanolisation, Fischer-Tropsch plants.",2017.0 -methane storage tank incl. compressor,FOM,1.9,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor by DEA.",Based on assumptions for hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor (by DEA).,2014.0 -methane storage tank incl. compressor,investment,8961.5075,EUR/m^3,Storage costs per l: https://www.compositesworld.com/articles/pressure-vessels-for-alternative-fuels-2014-2023 (2021-02-10).,"Assume 5USD/l (= 4.23 EUR/l at 1.17 USD/EUR exchange rate) for type 1 pressure vessel for 200 bar storage and 100% surplus costs for including compressor costs with storage, based on similar assumptions by DEA for compressed hydrogen storage tanks.",2014.0 -methane storage tank incl. compressor,lifetime,30.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor by DEA.",Based on assumptions for hydrogen storage tank 1 including compressor (by DEA).,2014.0 -methanol,CO2 intensity,0.2482,tCO2/MWh_th,,, -methanol-to-kerosene,FOM,4.5,%/year,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",,2020.0 -methanol-to-kerosene,VOM,1.35,EUR/MWh_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",,2020.0 -methanol-to-kerosene,hydrogen-input,0.0279,MWh_H2/MWh_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 6.","Assuming LHV 11.94 kWh/kg for kerosene, 5.54 kWh/kg for methanol, 33.3 kWh/kg for hydrogen.", -methanol-to-kerosene,investment,288000.0,EUR/MW_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",,2020.0 -methanol-to-kerosene,lifetime,30.0,years,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",, -methanol-to-kerosene,methanol-input,1.0764,MWh_MeOH/MWh_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 6.","Assuming LHV 11.94 kWh/kg for kerosene, 5.54 kWh/kg for methanol, 33.3 kWh/kg for hydrogen.", -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,FOM,3.0,%/year,Guesstimate,same as steam cracker,2015.0 -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,VOM,31.7466,EUR/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35", ,2015.0 -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,carbondioxide-output,0.6107,t_CO2/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Sections 4.5 (for ethylene and propylene) and 4.6 (for BTX)","Weighted average: 0.4 t_MeOH/t_ethylene+propylene for 21.7 Mt of ethylene and 17 Mt of propylene, 1.13 t_CO2/t_BTX for 15.7 Mt of BTX. The report also references process emissions of 0.55 t_MeOH/t_ethylene+propylene elsewhere. ", -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,electricity-input,1.3889,MWh_el/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), page 69",5 GJ/t_HVC , -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,investment,2781006.4359,EUR/(t_HVC/h),"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",Assuming CAPEX of 1200 €/t actually given in €/(t/a).,2015.0 -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,lifetime,30.0,years,Guesstimate,same as steam cracker, -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,methanol-input,18.03,MWh_MeOH/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Sections 4.5 (for ethylene and propylene) and 4.6 (for BTX)","Weighted average: 2.83 t_MeOH/t_ethylene+propylene for 21.7 Mt of ethylene and 17 Mt of propylene, 4.2 t_MeOH/t_BTX for 15.7 Mt of BTX. Assuming 5.54 MWh_MeOH/t_MeOH. ", -methanolisation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.1.",,2017.0 -methanolisation,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -methanolisation,carbondioxide-input,0.248,t_CO2/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 66.",, -methanolisation,electricity-input,0.271,MWh_e/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 65.",, -methanolisation,heat-output,0.1,MWh_th/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 65.",steam generation of 2 GJ/t_MeOH, -methanolisation,hydrogen-input,1.138,MWh_H2/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 64.",189 kg_H2 per t_MeOH, -methanolisation,investment,761417.4621,EUR/MW_MeOH,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 8: “Reference scenario”.","Well developed technology, no significant learning expected.",2017.0 -methanolisation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (04/2022), Data sheet “Methanol to Power”.",,2017.0 -micro CHP,FOM,6.5385,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -micro CHP,efficiency,0.3575,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Electric efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -micro CHP,efficiency-heat,0.6007,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -micro CHP,investment,9570.0517,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 -micro CHP,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,FOM,11.3,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,gas-input,2.78,MWh_NG/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",Original value 10 GJ/t_DRI.,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,investment,4277858.0,EUR/t_HBI/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.","488.34 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ CAPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,ore-input,1.59,t_ore/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",, -nuclear,FOM,1.27,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (131.5+152.75)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) relative to investment costs.",2023.0 -nuclear,VOM,3.5464,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (4.25+5)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 -nuclear,efficiency,0.326,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on heat rate of 10.45 MMBtu/MWh_e and 3.4095 MMBtu/MWh_th, i.e. 1/(10.45/3.4095) = 0.3260.",2023.0 -nuclear,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -nuclear,investment,8594.1354,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (8475+13925)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 -nuclear,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 -offwind,FOM,2.3857,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Fixed O&M [EUR/MW_e/y, 2020]",2020.0 -offwind,VOM,0.0212,EUR/MWhel,RES costs made up to fix curtailment order, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind,investment,1919.4478,"EUR/kW_e, 2020","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Nominal investment [MEUR/MW_e, 2020] grid connection costs subtracted from investment costs",2020.0 -offwind,lifetime,28.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2841.3251,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,1420.1334,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-ac-station,investment,264.5554,EUR/kWel,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2116.4433,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,1058.2216,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017; average + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-station,investment,423.2887,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017; assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-float,FOM,1.15,%/year,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0 -offwind-float,investment,2350.0,EUR/kWel,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0 -offwind-float,lifetime,20.0,years,C. Maienza 2020 A life cycle cost model for floating offshore wind farms,,2020.0 -offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2118.5597,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf,,2014.0 -offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,1039.4778,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017, average + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 -offwind-float-station,investment,415.7911,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017, assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 -oil,CO2 intensity,0.2571,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 44 GJ/t diesel and -CH2- approximation of diesel,, -oil,FOM,2.6713,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -oil,VOM,5.7497,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0 -oil,efficiency,0.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","50 Diesel engine farm: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -oil,fuel,52.9111,EUR/MWhth,IEA WEM2017 97USD/boe = http://www.iea.org/media/weowebsite/2017/WEM_Documentation_WEO2017.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -oil,investment,343.9573,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Specific investment,2015.0 -oil,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -onwind,FOM,1.2375,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -onwind,VOM,1.4942,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Variable O&M,2015.0 -onwind,investment,1126.909,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Nominal investment ,2015.0 -onwind,lifetime,29.1667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -organic rankine cycle,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551","Both for flash, binary and ORC plants. See Supplemental Material for details",2020.0 -organic rankine cycle,electricity-input,0.12,MWh_el/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, Electricity-output. This is a rough estimate, depends on input temperature, implies ~150 C.",2020.0 -organic rankine cycle,investment,1376.0,EUR/kW_el,Tartiere and Astolfi 2017: A world overview of the organic Rankine cycle market,"Low rollout complicates the estimation, compounded by a dependence both on plant size and temperature, converted from 1500 USD/kW using currency conversion 1.09 USD = 1 EUR.",2020.0 -organic rankine cycle,lifetime,30.0,years,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",,2020.0 -ror,FOM,2.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -ror,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -ror,investment,3412.2266,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 -ror,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -seawater RO desalination,electricity-input,0.003,MWHh_el/t_H2O,"Caldera et al. (2016): Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Fig. 4.",Desalination using SWRO. Assume medium salinity of 35 Practical Salinity Units (PSUs) = 35 kg/m^3., -seawater desalination,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2015.0 -seawater desalination,electricity-input,3.0348,kWh/m^3-H2O,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Fig. 4.",, -seawater desalination,investment,39056.5182,EUR/(m^3-H2O/h),"Caldera et al 2017: Learning Curve for Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination Plants: Capital Cost Trend of the Past, Present, and Future (https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR021402), Table 4.",,2015.0 -seawater desalination,lifetime,30.0,years,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",, -shipping fuel methanol,CO2 intensity,0.2482,tCO2/MWh_th,-,Based on stochiometric composition.,2020.0 -shipping fuel methanol,fuel,72.0,EUR/MWh_th,"Based on (source 1) Hampp et al (2022), https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.01092, and (source 2): https://www.methanol.org/methanol-price-supply-demand/; both accessed: 2022-12-03.",400 EUR/t assuming range roughly in the long-term range for green methanol (source 1) and late 2020+beyond values for grey methanol (source 2).,2020.0 -solar,FOM,1.6234,%/year,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop' and 50% 'solar-utility',2020.0 -solar,VOM,0.0106,EUR/MWhel,RES costs made up to fix curtailment order, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -solar,investment,733.4362,EUR/kW_e,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop' and 50% 'solar-utility',2020.0 -solar,lifetime,35.8333,years,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop' and 50% 'solar-utility',2020.0 -solar-rooftop,FOM,1.1887,%/year,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop,discount rate,0.04,per unit,standard for decentral, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -solar-rooftop,investment,955.9019,EUR/kW_e,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop,lifetime,35.8333,years,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,FOM,1.265,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,investment,786.5854,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,lifetime,35.8333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,FOM,1.1124,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,investment,1125.2184,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,lifetime,35.8333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-utility,FOM,2.0582,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-utility,investment,510.9705,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-utility,lifetime,35.8333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,FOM,1.9358,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,investment,590.62,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,lifetime,35.8333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solid biomass,CO2 intensity,0.3667,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 18 GJ/t_DM LHV and 50% C-content for solid biomass,, -solid biomass,fuel,13.6489,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOOW1 (secondary forest residue wood chips), ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,FOM,5.5744,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,VOM,2.81,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,efficiency,0.895,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,investment,608.7773,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,lifetime,26.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,FOM,5.5744,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,VOM,2.81,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,efficiency,0.895,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,investment,608.7773,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,lifetime,26.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -solid biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -solid biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -solid biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.56,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, -solid biomass to hydrogen,investment,3972.2994,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,FOM,5.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",CO2 volume captured / (Stream flowrate * Max. capacity utilization * CO2 in exhaust * 8760),2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,investment,3561435.753,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 1342 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 3324000 t/year",2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -uranium,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -waste CHP,FOM,2.391,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -waste CHP,VOM,27.4128,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -waste CHP,c_b,0.278,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP,efficiency,0.2101,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7796,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP,investment,8475.6104,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -waste CHP,lifetime,26.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,FOM,2.391,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,VOM,27.4128,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,c_b,0.278,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,efficiency,0.2101,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.7796,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,investment,8475.6104,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,lifetime,26.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -water tank charger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -water tank discharger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 diff --git a/ariadne-data/costs/optimist/costs_2030.csv b/ariadne-data/costs/optimist/costs_2030.csv deleted file mode 100644 index 15d0e4752..000000000 --- a/ariadne-data/costs/optimist/costs_2030.csv +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1238 +0,0 @@ -technology,parameter,value,unit,source,further description,currency_year -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,FOM,2.8,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,VOM,0.2389,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,electricity-input,1.38,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,investment,429.0306,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,lifetime,40.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,FOM,2.3,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,VOM,0.2389,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,electricity-input,1.416,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,investment,506.0332,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,FOM,2.3,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,VOM,0.1934,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,electricity-input,1.41,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,investment,582.922,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW, -Ammonia cracker,FOM,4.3,%/year,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 7.","Estimated based on Labour cost rate, Maintenance cost rate, Insurance rate, Admin. cost rate and Chemical & other consumables cost rate.",2015.0 -Ammonia cracker,ammonia-input,1.46,MWh_NH3/MWh_H2,"ENGIE et al (2020): Ammonia to Green Hydrogen Feasibility Study (https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/880826/HS420_-_Ecuity_-_Ammonia_to_Green_Hydrogen.pdf), Fig. 10.",Assuming a integrated 200t/d cracking and purification facility. Electricity demand (316 MWh per 2186 MWh_LHV H2 output) is assumed to also be ammonia LHV input which seems a fair assumption as the facility has options for a higher degree of integration according to the report)., -Ammonia cracker,investment,1123945.3807,EUR/MW_H2,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 6.",Calculated. For a small (200 t_NH3/d input) facility. Base cost for facility: 51 MEUR at capacity 20 000m^3_NH3/h = 339 t_NH3/d input. Cost scaling exponent 0.67. Ammonia density 0.7069 kg/m^3. Conversion efficiency of cracker: 0.685. Ammonia LHV: 5.167 MWh/t_NH3.; and Calculated. For a large (2500 t_NH3/d input) facility. Base cost for facility: 51 MEUR at capacity 20 000m^3_NH3/h = 339 t_NH3/d input. Cost scaling exponent 0.67. Ammonia density 0.7069 kg/m^3. Conversion efficiency of cracker: 0.685. Ammonia LHV: 5.167 MWh/t_NH3.,2015.0 -Ammonia cracker,lifetime,25.0,years,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 7.",,2015.0 -BEV Bus city,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,Motor size,346.5517,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,efficiency,0.8585,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,investment,222485.6452,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Coach,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,Motor size,358.6207,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,efficiency,0.8446,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,investment,303025.4488,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,Motor size,555.1724,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,efficiency,1.3936,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,investment,151213.8954,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,lifetime,10.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,Motor size,382.7586,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,efficiency,0.8755,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,investment,282418.6749,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,Motor size,710.3448,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,efficiency,1.5446,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,investment,167722.8037,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),FOM,0.9,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),efficiency,0.68,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),investment,24624.0,EUR/PKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (trucks),FOM,15.0,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (trucks),2020.0 -Battery electric (trucks),investment,136400.0,EUR/LKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (trucks),2020.0 -Battery electric (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (trucks),2020.0 -BioSNG,C in fuel,0.333,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,C stored,0.667,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,CO2 stored,0.2446,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,FOM,1.5391,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Fixed O&M",2020.0 -BioSNG,VOM,2.304,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Variable O&M",2020.0 -BioSNG,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -BioSNG,efficiency,0.6167,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Bio SNG Output",2020.0 -BioSNG,investment,2268.5867,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Specific investment",2020.0 -BioSNG,lifetime,25.0,years,TODO,"84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -BtL,C in fuel,0.2688,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,C stored,0.7312,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,CO2 stored,0.2681,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,FOM,10.1806,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Fixed O&M",2020.0 -BtL,VOM,1.0191,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Variable O&M",2020.0 -BtL,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -BtL,efficiency,0.3833,per unit,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Electricity Output",2020.0 -BtL,investment,3118.4333,EUR/kW_th,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Specific investment",2017.0 -BtL,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Technical lifetime",2020.0 -CCGT,FOM,3.1951,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -CCGT,VOM,4.1623,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Variable O&M",2015.0 -CCGT,c_b,1.7,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -CCGT,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -CCGT,efficiency,0.58,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -CCGT,investment,867.7417,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Nominal investment",2015.0 -CCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -CH4 (g) fill compressor station,FOM,1.7,%/year,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0 -CH4 (g) fill compressor station,investment,1654.96,EUR/MW_CH4,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station cost.","Assume same ratio as between H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station, i.e. 1:19 , due to a lack of reliable numbers.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) fill compressor station,lifetime,20.0,years,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,FOM,1.5,%/year,Assume same as for H2 (g) pipeline in 2050 (CH4 pipeline as mature technology).,"Due to lack of numbers, use comparable H2 pipeline assumptions.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,electricity-input,0.01,MW_e/1000km/MW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: 112 6 gas Main distri line.","Assumption for gas pipeline >100MW, 0.1% per station and spacing of 100km yields 1%/1000km. Electric compression.",2015.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,investment,87.22,EUR/MW/km,Guesstimate.,"Based on Arab Gas Pipeline: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Gas_Pipeline: cost = 1.2e9 $-US (year = ?), capacity=10.3e9 m^3/a NG, l=1200km, NG-LHV=39MJ/m^3*90% (also Wikipedia estimate from here https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_of_combustion). Presumed to include booster station cost.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,lifetime,50.0,years,Assume same as for H2 (g) pipeline in 2050 (CH4 pipeline as mature technology).,"Due to lack of numbers, use comparable H2 pipeline assumptions.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,FOM,3.0,%/year,"d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material.",-,2015.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,electricity-input,0.01,MW_e/1000km/MW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: 112 6 gas Main distri line.","Assumption for gas pipeline >100MW, 0.1% per station and spacing of 100km yields 1%/1000km. Electric compression.",2015.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,investment,119.3173,EUR/MW/km,Kaiser (2017): 10.1016/j.marpol.2017.05.003 .,"Based on Gulfstream pipeline costs (430 mi long pipeline for natural gas in deep/shallow waters) of 2.72e6 USD/mi and 1.31 bn ft^3/d capacity (36 in diameter), LHV of methane 13.8888 MWh/t and density of 0.657 kg/m^3 and 1.17 USD:1EUR conversion rate = 102.4 EUR/MW/km. Number is without booster station cost. Estimation of additional cost for booster stations based on H2 (g) pipeline numbers from Guidehouse (2020): European Hydrogen Backbone report and Danish Energy Agency (2021): Technology Data for Energy Transport, were booster stations make ca. 6% of pipeline cost; here add additional 10% for booster stations as they need to be constructed submerged or on plattforms. (102.4*1.1).",2014.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,lifetime,30.0,years,"d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material.",-,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,capacity,58300.0,t_CH4,"Calculated, based on Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",based on 138 000 m^3 capacity and LNG density of 0.4226 t/m^3 .,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,investment,159791465.6831,EUR,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,lifetime,25.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2015.0 -CH4 evaporation,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 evaporation,investment,91.1101,EUR/kW_CH4,"Calculated, based on Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306","based on 100 MUSD-2005/(1 bcm/a), 1 bcm = 10.6 TWh, currency exchange rate: 1.15 USD=1 EUR.",2005.0 -CH4 evaporation,lifetime,30.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,electricity-input,0.036,MWh_el/MWh_CH4,"Pospíšil et al. (2019): Energy demand of liquefaction and regasification of natural gas and the potential of LNG for operative thermal energy storage (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.09.027), Table 2 and Table 3. alternative source 2: https://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/methane (accessed 2021-02-10).","Assuming 0.5 MWh/t_CH4 for refigeration cycle based on Table 2 of source; cleaning of gas presumed unnecessary as it should be nearly pure CH4 (=SNG). Assuming energy required is only electricity which is for Table 3 in the source provided with efficiencies of ~50% of LHV, making the numbers consistent with the numbers in Table 2.", -CH4 liquefaction,investment,241.443,EUR/kW_CH4,"Calculated, based on Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306","based on 265 MUSD-2005/(1 bcm/a), 1 bcm = 10.6 TWh, currency exchange rate: 1.15 USD=1 EUR.",2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,lifetime,25.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,methane-input,1.0,MWh_CH4/MWh_CH4,"Pospíšil et al. (2019): Energy demand of liquefaction and regasification of natural gas and the potential of LNG for operative thermal energy storage (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.09.027), Table 2 and Table 3. alternative source 2: https://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/methane (accessed 2021-02-10).","For refrigeration cycle, cleaning of gas presumed unnecessary as it should be nearly pure CH4 (=SNG). Assuming energy required is only electricity which is for Table 3 in the source provided with efficiencies of ~50% of LHV, making the numbers consistent with the numbers in Table 2.", -CO2 liquefaction,FOM,5.0,%/year,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,,2004.0 -CO2 liquefaction,carbondioxide-input,1.0,t_CO2/t_CO2,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,"Assuming a pure, humid, low-pressure input stream. Neglecting possible gross-effects of CO2 which might be cycled for the cooling process.", -CO2 liquefaction,electricity-input,0.123,MWh_el/t_CO2,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,, -CO2 liquefaction,heat-input,0.0067,MWh_th/t_CO2,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,For drying purposes., -CO2 liquefaction,investment,16.7226,EUR/t_CO2/h,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,"Plant capacity of 20 kt CO2 / d and an uptime of 85%. For a high purity, humid, low pressure input stream, includes drying and compression necessary for liquefaction.",2004.0 -CO2 liquefaction,lifetime,25.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on CH4 liquefaction.",,2004.0 -CO2 pipeline,FOM,0.9,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",,2015.0 -CO2 pipeline,investment,2116.4433,EUR/(tCO2/h)/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",Assuming the 120-500 t CO2/h range that is based on cost of a 12 inch onshore pipeline.,2015.0 -CO2 pipeline,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",,2015.0 -CO2 storage tank,FOM,1.0,%/year,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, pg. 2746 .","Assuming a 3000m^3 pressurised steel cylinder tanks and a CO2 density of 1100 kg/m^3 (close to triple point at -56.6°C and 5.2 bar with max density of 1200kg/m^3 ). Lauri et al. report costs 3x higher per m^3 for steel tanks, which are consistent with other sources. The numbers reported are in rather difficult to pinpoint as systems can greatly vary.",2013.0 -CO2 storage tank,investment,2584.3462,EUR/t_CO2,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, Table 3.","Assuming a 3000m^3 pressurised steel cylinder tanks and a CO2 density of 1100 kg/m^3 (close to triple point at -56.6°C and 5.2 bar with max density of 1200kg/m^3 ). Lauri et al. report costs 3x higher per m^3 for steel tanks, which are consistent with other sources. The numbers reported are in rather difficult to pinpoint as systems can greatly vary.",2013.0 -CO2 storage tank,lifetime,25.0,years,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, pg. 2746 .","Assuming a 3000m^3 pressurised steel cylinder tanks and a CO2 density of 1100 kg/m^3 (close to triple point at -56.6°C and 5.2 bar with max density of 1200kg/m^3 ). Lauri et al. report costs 3x higher per m^3 for steel tanks, which are consistent with other sources. The numbers reported are in rather difficult to pinpoint as systems can greatly vary.",2013.0 -CO2 submarine pipeline,FOM,0.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",,2015.0 -CO2 submarine pipeline,investment,4232.8865,EUR/(tCO2/h)/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",Assuming the 120-500 t CO2/h range that is based on cost of a 12 inch offshore pipeline.,2015.0 -Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,FOM,1.6,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,investment,448894.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,FOM,2.2,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,investment,1787894.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,FOM,2.2,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,investment,1787894.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,FOM,1.8,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,investment,1005.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,FOM,0.9265,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.64 (p.86) Figure 4.14","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,efficiency,0.7211,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.52^0.5']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,investment,946180.9426,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Turbine Compressor BOP EPC Management']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-store,FOM,0.43,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB 4.5.2.1 Fixed O&M p.62 (p.84)","{'carrier': ['pair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-store,investment,5448.7894,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.64 (p.86)","{'carrier': ['pair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Cavern Storage']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['pair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,investment,144192.2682,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,efficiency,0.4343,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,investment,576769.073,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Concrete-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['concrete'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Concrete-store,investment,24044.2324,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['concrete'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -Concrete-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['concrete'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -"Container feeder, ammonia",efficiency,0.7754,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container feeder, ammonia",investment,38462833.2276,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container feeder, ammonia",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container feeder, diesel",efficiency,0.7718,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, diesel",2023.0 -"Container feeder, diesel",investment,34966212.0251,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, diesel",2023.0 -"Container feeder, diesel",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, diesel",2023.0 -"Container feeder, methanol",efficiency,0.7711,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, methanol",2023.0 -"Container feeder, methanol",investment,36802136.8043,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, methanol",2023.0 -"Container feeder, methanol",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, methanol",2023.0 -"Container, ammonia",efficiency,1.7094,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container, ammonia",investment,131618242.0136,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container, ammonia",lifetime,31.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container, diesel",efficiency,1.6399,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, diesel",2023.0 -"Container, diesel",investment,119652947.2851,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, diesel",2023.0 -"Container, diesel",lifetime,32.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, diesel",2023.0 -"Container, methanol",efficiency,1.7001,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, methanol",2023.0 -"Container, methanol",investment,125635594.6493,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, methanol",2023.0 -"Container, methanol",lifetime,32.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, methanol",2023.0 -Diesel Bus city,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,Motor size,250.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,efficiency,2.0824,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,investment,150756.2732,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,Motor size,350.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,efficiency,2.2009,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,investment,231296.0768,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,FOM,0.0005,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,Motor size,380.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,efficiency,3.2963,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,investment,142012.114,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,lifetime,10.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,Motor size,254.1379,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,efficiency,2.1867,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,investment,155444.0931,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,Motor size,382.3529,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,efficiency,3.3031,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,investment,177515.1425,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,Motor size,390.6897,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,VOM,0.0979,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,efficiency,1.5899,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,investment,323056.5642,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Coach,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,Motor size,390.6897,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,efficiency,1.5761,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,investment,356840.1722,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,Motor size,513.7931,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,efficiency,2.548,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,investment,139809.9795,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,lifetime,10.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,Motor size,381.0345,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,efficiency,1.7064,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,investment,255992.8427,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,Motor size,381.0345,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,efficiency,2.8363,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,investment,278063.892,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FT fuel transport ship,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -FT fuel transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_FTfuel,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -FT fuel transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -FT fuel transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.1.",,2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,VOM,4.0764,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",102 Hydrogen to Jet: Variable O&M,2020.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -Fischer-Tropsch,carbondioxide-input,0.326,t_CO2/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","Input per 1t FT liquid fuels output, carbon efficiency increases with years (4.3, 3.9, 3.6, 3.3 t_CO2/t_FT from 2020-2050 with LHV 11.95 MWh_th/t_FT).", -Fischer-Tropsch,efficiency,0.799,per unit,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.2.",,2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,electricity-input,0.007,MWh_el/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","0.005 MWh_el input per FT output, output increasing from 2020 to 2050 (0.65, 0.7, 0.73, 0.75 MWh liquid FT output).", -Fischer-Tropsch,hydrogen-input,1.421,MWh_H2/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","0.995 MWh_H2 per output, output increasing from 2020 to 2050 (0.65, 0.7, 0.73, 0.75 MWh liquid FT output).", -Fischer-Tropsch,investment,703726.4462,EUR/MW_FT,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 8: “Reference scenario”.","Well developed technology, no significant learning expected.",2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (04/2022), Data sheet “Methanol to Power”.",,2017.0 -Gasnetz,FOM,2.5,%,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz,2020.0 -Gasnetz,investment,28.0,EUR/kWGas,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz,2020.0 -Gasnetz,lifetime,30.0,years,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz,2020.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),FOM,6.25,%/year,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , figure 7 and pg. 12 .",Assuming ca. 10 EUR/m^3/a (center value between stand alone and addon facility).,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),investment,137.8999,EUR/m^3,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 8F .",Assumed 20% lower than for product storage. Crude or middle distillate tanks are usually larger compared to product storage due to lower requirements on safety and different construction method. Reference size used here: 80 000 – 120 000 m^3 .,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),lifetime,30.0,years,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 11.",,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),FOM,6.25,%/year,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , figure 7 and pg. 12 .",Assuming ca. 10 EUR/m^3/a (center value between stand alone and addon facility).,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),investment,172.3748,EUR/m^3,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 8F .",Assumed at the higher end for addon facilities/mid-range for stand-alone facilities. Product storage usually smaller due to higher requirements on safety and different construction method. Reference size used here: 40 000 - 60 000 m^3 .,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),lifetime,30.0,years,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 11.",,2012.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.76 (p.98) Sentence 1 in 4.7.2 Operating Costs","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['1.5 percent of capital cost']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,efficiency,0.9274,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.36","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.86^0.5']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,investment,415570.5177,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 0% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,lifetime,41.7,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.36","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-store,investment,157381.7274,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 15% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['gravity'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Gravitational Capital (SB+BOS)']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-store,lifetime,41.7,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.36","{'carrier': ['gravity'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.76 (p.98) Sentence 1 in 4.7.2 Operating Costs","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['1.5 percent of capital cost']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,efficiency,0.9014,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level ((0.785+0.84)/2)^0.5']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,investment,365630.713,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 0% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-store,investment,121755.0274,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 15% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['gravitywa'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Gravitational Capital (SB+BOS)']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['gravitywa'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.76 (p.98) Sentence 1 in 4.7.2 Operating Costs","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['1.5 percent of capital cost']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,efficiency,0.9014,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level ((0.785+0.84)/2)^0.5']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,investment,905158.9602,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 0% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-store,investment,95982.5211,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 15% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['gravitywu'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Gravitational Capital (SB+BOS)']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['gravitywu'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -H2 (g) fill compressor station,FOM,1.7,%/year,"Guidehouse 2020: European Hydrogen Backbone report, https://guidehouse.com/-/media/www/site/downloads/energy/2020/gh_european-hydrogen-backbone_report.pdf (table 3, table 5)","Pessimistic (highest) value chosen for 48'' pipeline w/ 13GW_H2 LHV @ 100bar pressure. Currency year: Not clearly specified, assuming year of publication. Forecast year: Not clearly specified, guessing based on text remarks.",2020.0 -H2 (g) fill compressor station,investment,4738.7164,EUR/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), pg. 164, Figure 14 (Fill compressor).","Assumption for staging 35→140bar, 6000 MW_HHV single line pipeline. Considering HHV/LHV ration for H2.",2015.0 -H2 (g) fill compressor station,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), pg. 168, Figure 24 (Fill compressor).",,2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,FOM,3.1667,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, > 6000 MW_HHV single line pipeline, incl. booster station investments. Considering LHV by scaling with LHV/HHV=0.8462623413.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,electricity-input,0.019,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,investment,303.6845,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 4.4 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, > 6000 MW_HHV single line pipeline, incl. booster station investments. Considering LHV by scaling with LHV/HHV=0.8462623413.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,FOM,3.1667,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.",Same as for new H2 (g) pipeline.,2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,electricity-input,0.019,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,investment,129.4682,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line repurposed pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 0.8 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.",Same as for new H2 (g) pipeline.,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,FOM,3.0,%/year,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,electricity-input,0.019,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,investment,456.1165,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line offshore pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 7.48 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,lifetime,30.0,years,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,FOM,3.0,%/year,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,electricity-input,0.019,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,investment,160.1562,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line repurposed offshore pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 1.5 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,lifetime,30.0,years,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (l) storage tank,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.",Assuming currency year and technology year here (25 EUR/kg).,2015.0 -H2 (l) storage tank,investment,793.7456,EUR/MWh_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.","Assuming currency year and technology year here (25 EUR/kg). Future target cost. Today’s cost potentially higher according to d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material pg. 16.",2015.0 -H2 (l) storage tank,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.",Assuming currency year and technology year here (25 EUR/kg).,2015.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,capacity,11000.0,t_H2,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,investment,393737000.0,EUR,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,lifetime,20.0,years,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 evaporation,FOM,2.5,%/year,"DNV GL (2020): Study on the Import of Liquid Renewable Energy: Technology Cost Assessment, https://www.gie.eu/wp-content/uploads/filr/2598/DNV-GL_Study-GLE-Technologies-and-costs-analysis-on-imports-of-liquid-renewable-energy.pdf .",,2020.0 -H2 evaporation,investment,146.8405,EUR/kW_H2,"IRENA (2022): Global Hydrogen Trade to Meet the 1.5° Climate Goal: Technology Review of Hydrogen Carriers, https://www.irena.org/publications/2022/Apr/Global-hydrogen-trade-Part-II , pg. 62f.","Pessimistic assumption for large scale facility / near-term estimate for medium sized facility, in between low / mid estimate with e.g. DNV numbers (Fig. 3.15).; and Optimistic assumption for large scale facility 2500 t/d, cf Fig. 3.15 .",2022.0 -H2 evaporation,lifetime,20.0,years,Guesstimate.,Based on lifetime of liquefaction plant.,2015.0 -H2 liquefaction,FOM,2.5,%/year,"DNV GL (2020): Study on the Import of Liquid Renewable Energy: Technology Cost Assessment, https://www.gie.eu/wp-content/uploads/filr/2598/DNV-GL_Study-GLE-Technologies-and-costs-analysis-on-imports-of-liquid-renewable-energy.pdf .",,2020.0 -H2 liquefaction,electricity-input,0.203,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"Heuser et al. (2019): Techno-economic analysis of a potential energy trading link between Patagonia and Japan based on CO2 free hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.12.156), table 1.","6.78 kWh/kg_H2, considering H2 with LHV of 33.3333 MWh/t", -H2 liquefaction,hydrogen-input,1.017,MWh_H2/MWh_H2,"Heuser et al. (2019): Techno-economic analysis of a potential energy trading link between Patagonia and Japan based on CO2 free hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.12.156), table 1.",corresponding to 1.65% losses during liquefaction, -H2 liquefaction,investment,889.9426,EUR/kW_H2,"IRENA (2022): Global Hydrogen Trade to Meet the 1.5° Climate Goal: Technology Review of Hydrogen Carriers, https://www.irena.org/publications/2022/Apr/Global-hydrogen-trade-Part-II , pg. 62f.","Assumption for a 200t/d facility (Pessimistic long-term or optimistic short-term value).; and Assumption for a large >300t/d, e.g. 2500 t/d facility (Optimistic long-term value without change in base technology mentioned in report).",2022.0 -H2 liquefaction,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2022.0 -H2 pipeline,FOM,3.0,%/year,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -H2 pipeline,investment,282.5452,EUR/MW/km,Welder et al https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.05.059, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -H2 pipeline,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,FOM,5.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,VOM,0.5118,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,electricity-input,0.097,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification,investment,1467.9399,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification,wood-input,1.804,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification CC,FOM,5.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification CC,VOM,0.5232,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification CC,electricity-input,0.143,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification CC,investment,1489.0957,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification CC,wood-input,1.804,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification,FOM,6.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification,VOM,0.5061,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification,coal-input,1.62,MWh_coal/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification,electricity-input,0.02,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification,investment,399.1168,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification CC,FOM,7.56,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification CC,VOM,0.1479,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification CC,coal-input,1.62,MWh_coal/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification CC,electricity-input,0.023,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification CC,investment,413.4481,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,FOM,5.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,VOM,0.1592,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,electricity-input,0.063,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,investment,491.1331,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,lifetime,25.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,oil-input,1.3,MWh_oil/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,FOM,4.9,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,VOM,0.2047,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,electricity-input,0.02,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,gas-input,1.25,MWh_NG/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,investment,180.0518,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,FOM,6.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,VOM,0.0796,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,electricity-input,0.039,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,gas-input,1.4,MWh_NG/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,investment,217.5863,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,FOM,4.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,VOM,0.7393,EUR/MWh,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,electricity-input,0.044,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,investment,590.6564,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,wood-input,1.36,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -HVAC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVAC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVAC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,investment,165803.0398,EUR/MW,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC submarine,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0 -HVDC submarine,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1,2017.0 -HVDC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0 -HVDC underground,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 -HVDC underground,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1 (same as for HVDC submarine),2017.0 -HVDC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 -Haber-Bosch,FOM,3.029,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,VOM,0.0188,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Variable O&M,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,electricity-input,0.2473,MWh_el/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), table 11.",Assume 5 GJ/t_NH3 for compressors and NH3 LHV = 5.16666 MWh/t_NH3., -Haber-Bosch,hydrogen-input,1.1484,MWh_H2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.","178 kg_H2 per t_NH3, LHV for both assumed.", -Haber-Bosch,investment,1403.857,EUR/kW_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,nitrogen-input,0.1597,t_N2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.",".33 MWh electricity are required for ASU per t_NH3, considering 0.4 MWh are required per t_N2 and LHV of NH3 of 5.1666 Mwh.", -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,investment,144192.2682,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,efficiency,0.4444,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,investment,576769.073,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['salthight'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-store,investment,94107.5489,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['salthight'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['salthight'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),FOM,1.1,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),efficiency,0.48,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),investment,33226.0,EUR/PKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),FOM,13.1,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),efficiency,0.56,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),investment,116497.0,EUR/LKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,FOM,0.6345,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,efficiency,0.6963,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133) include inverter 0.98 & transformer efficiency 0.98 ","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Electrolyzer']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,investment,347170.8209,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.113 (p.135)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Electrolyzer']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,lifetime,30.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,FOM,0.5812,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,efficiency,0.4869,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133) include inverter 0.98 & transformer efficiency 0.98 ","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Fuel Cell']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,investment,379007.4464,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.113 (p.135)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Fuel Cell']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,lifetime,30.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-store,FOM,0.43,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB =(C38+C39)*0.43/4","{'carrier': ['h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-store,investment,4779.9527,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.113 (p.135)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Cavern Storage']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-store,lifetime,30.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LNG storage tank,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank with comparable requirements.",Currency year and technology year assumed based on publication date.,2019.0 -LNG storage tank,investment,666.634,EUR/m^3,"Hurskainen 2019, https://cris.vtt.fi/en/publications/liquid-organic-hydrogen-carriers-lohc-concept-evaluation-and-tech pg. 46 (59).",Currency year and technology year assumed based on publication date.,2019.0 -LNG storage tank,lifetime,20.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank with comparable requirements.",Currency year and technology year assumed based on publication date.,2019.0 -LOHC chemical,investment,2500.0,EUR/t,"Runge et al 2020, pg.7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC chemical,lifetime,20.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, pg.7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation,investment,53681.4988,EUR/MW_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",per MW H2 (LHV). For a large plant of 1000 MW capacity. Calculated based on base CAPEX of 30 MEUR for 300 t/day capacity and a scale factor of 0.6.,2015.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),FOM,3.0,%/year,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),investment,839000.0,EUR/MW_H2,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",MW of H2 LHV. For a small plant of 0.9 MW capacity.,2020.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),lifetime,20.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,electricity-input,0.004,MWh_el/t_HLOHC,Niermann et al. (2019): (https://doi.org/10.1039/C8EE02700E). 6A .,"Flow in figures shows 0.2 MW for 114 MW_HHV = 96.4326 MW_LHV = 2.89298 t hydrogen. At 5.6 wt-% effective H2 storage for loaded LOHC (H18-DBT, HLOHC), corresponds to 51.6604 t loaded LOHC .", -LOHC hydrogenation,hydrogen-input,1.867,MWh_H2/t_HLOHC,"Runge et al 2020, pg. 7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",Considering 5.6 wt-% H2 in loaded LOHC (HLOHC) and LHV of H2., -LOHC hydrogenation,investment,54243.958,EUR/MW_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",per MW H2 (LHV). For a large plant of 2000 MW capacity. Calculated based on base CAPEX of 40 MEUR for 300 t/day capacity and a scale factor of 0.6.,2015.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,lohc-input,0.944,t_LOHC/t_HLOHC,"Runge et al 2020, pg. 7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514","Loaded LOHC (H18-DBT, HLOHC) has loaded only 5.6%-wt H2 as rate of discharge is kept at ca. 90%.", -LOHC loaded DBT storage,FOM,6.25,%/year,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -LOHC loaded DBT storage,investment,151.5383,EUR/t,"Density via Wissenschaftliche Dienste des Deutschen Bundestages 2020, https://www.bundestag.de/resource/blob/816048/454e182d5956d45a664da9eb85486f76/WD-8-058-20-pdf-data.pdf , pg. 11.","Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared. Density of loaded LOHC H18-DBT is 0.91 t/m^3.",2012.0 -LOHC loaded DBT storage,lifetime,30.0,years,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -LOHC transport ship,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_LOHC,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC unloaded DBT storage,FOM,6.25,%/year,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -LOHC unloaded DBT storage,investment,134.2745,EUR/t,"Density via Wissenschaftliche Dienste des Deutschen Bundestages 2020, https://www.bundestag.de/resource/blob/816048/454e182d5956d45a664da9eb85486f76/WD-8-058-20-pdf-data.pdf , pg. 11.","Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared. Density of loaded LOHC H18-DBT is 0.91 t/m^3, density of unloaded LOHC H0-DBT is 1.04 t/m^3 but unloading is only to 90% (depth-of-discharge), assume density via linearisation of 1.027 t/m^3.",2012.0 -LOHC unloaded DBT storage,lifetime,30.0,years,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,FOM,2.4427,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,efficiency,0.8832,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.78^0.5']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,investment,128853.6139,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-store,FOM,0.2542,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['lead'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-store,investment,320631.3818,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['lead'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-store,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['lead'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),FOM,1.6,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),efficiency,0.215,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),investment,24999.0,EUR/PKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),FOM,17.1,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),efficiency,0.373,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),investment,105315.0,EUR/LKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,FOM,0.366,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,investment,475721.2289,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Figure 9 of reference roughly 80% of capital cost are power related 47%/80% of costs are required for liquefaction (charging)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,FOM,0.5212,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,efficiency,0.55,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE 0.545 assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,investment,334017.033,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, NULL","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-store,FOM,0.3208,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['lair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-store,investment,159004.771,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['lair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Liquid Air SB and BOS']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['lair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,FOM,2.1198,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,efficiency,0.9193,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.8452^0.5']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,investment,81553.4846,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,lifetime,16.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-store,FOM,0.0447,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['lfp'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-store,investment,236482.8109,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['lfp'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-store,lifetime,16.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['lfp'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,FOM,2.1198,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,efficiency,0.9193,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.8452^0.5']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,investment,81553.4846,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,lifetime,13.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-store,FOM,0.038,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['nmc'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-store,investment,269576.8493,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['nmc'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-store,lifetime,13.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['nmc'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,investment,144192.2682,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,efficiency,0.5394,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,investment,576769.073,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-store,investment,58041.2003,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_MeOH,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",,2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,investment,18016.8665,EUR/MW_H2,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.","For high temperature steam reforming plant with a capacity of 200 MW_H2 output (6t/h). Reference plant of 1 MW (30kg_H2/h) costs 150kEUR, scale factor of 0.6 assumed.",2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",,2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,methanol-input,1.201,MWh_MeOH/MWh_H2,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",Assuming per 1 t_H2 (with LHV 33.3333 MWh/t): 4.5 MWh_th and 3.2 MWh_el are required. We assume electricity can be substituted / provided with 1:1 as heat energy., -NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank.",,2010.0 -NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,investment,166.8201,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Calculated based on Morgan E. 2013: doi:10.7275/11KT-3F59 , Fig. 55, Fig 58.","Based on estimated for a double-wall liquid ammonia tank (~ambient pressure, -33°C), inner tank from stainless steel, outer tank from concrete including installations for liquefaction/condensation, boil-off gas recovery and safety installations; the necessary installations make only a small fraction of the total cost. The total cost are driven by material and working time on the tanks. -While the costs do not scale strictly linearly, we here assume they do (good approximation c.f. ref. Fig 55.) and take the costs for a 9 kt NH3 (l) tank = 8 M$2010, which is smaller 4-5x smaller than the largest deployed tanks today. -We assume an exchange rate of 1.17$ to 1 €. -The investment value is given per MWh NH3 store capacity, using the LHV of NH3 of 5.18 MWh/t.",2010.0 -NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,lifetime,20.0,years,"Morgan E. 2013: doi:10.7275/11KT-3F59 , pg. 290",,2010.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B",,2019.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,capacity,53000.0,t_NH3,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B",,2019.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,investment,81164200.0,EUR,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B",,2019.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,lifetime,20.0,years,"Guess estimated based on H2 (l) tanker, but more mature technology",,2019.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,FOM,2.1198,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['((0.75-0.87)/2)^0.5 mean value of range efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,investment,81553.4846,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) same as Li-LFP","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-store,FOM,0.2262,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-store,investment,267837.874,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-store,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -OCGT,FOM,1.9694,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -OCGT,VOM,4.4093,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Variable O&M,2015.0 -OCGT,efficiency,0.41,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","52 OCGT - Natural gas: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -OCGT,investment,421.9511,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 -OCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -PEM electrolyzer small size,FOM,3.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW,2010.0 -PEM electrolyzer small size,electricity-input,1.33,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW, -PEM electrolyzer small size,investment,1080.5384,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW,2010.0 -PEM electrolyzer small size,lifetime,7.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`","Likely stack lifetime, rather than electrolyzer system lifetime", -PHS,FOM,1.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -PHS,efficiency,0.75,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -PHS,investment,2274.8177,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 -PHS,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,FOM,0.366,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Charger']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,investment,761782.6727,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Figure 9 of reference roughly 80% of capital cost are power related 47%/80% of costs are required for liquefaction (charging)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,lifetime,33.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,FOM,0.5212,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,efficiency,0.63,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE 0.62 assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,investment,534868.6851,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, NULL","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,lifetime,33.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-store,FOM,0.1528,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.103 (p.125)","{'carrier': ['phes'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-store,investment,11546.7963,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.92 (p.114)","{'carrier': ['phes'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Molten Salt based SB and BOS']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-store,lifetime,33.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['phes'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,FOM,0.9951,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, Figure 4.16","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,efficiency,0.8944,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.8^0.5']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,investment,1397128.4612,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Powerhouse Construction & Infrastructure']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-store,FOM,0.43,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['phs'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-store,investment,57074.0625,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['phs'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Reservoir Construction & Infrastructure']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['phs'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -SMR,FOM,5.0,%/year,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR,efficiency,0.76,per unit (in LHV),"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SMR,investment,522201.0492,EUR/MW_CH4,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR,lifetime,30.0,years,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SMR CC,FOM,5.0,%/year,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR CC,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",wide range: capture rates between 54%-90%, -SMR CC,efficiency,0.69,per unit (in LHV),"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SMR CC,investment,605753.2171,EUR/MW_CH4,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR CC,lifetime,30.0,years,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SOEC,FOM,4.0,%/year,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,US-based assumptions for a Conservative cost scenario,2022.0 -SOEC,electricity-input,1.19,MWh_el/MWh_H2,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,, -SOEC,investment,2243.5452,USD/kW,"ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions, https://theicct.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/fuels-eu-cost-renew-H-produced-onsite-H-refueling-stations-europe-feb22.pdf adjusted according to DOE observations https://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/docs/hydrogenprogramlibraries/pdfs/24005-clean-hydrogen-production-cost-pem-electrolyzer.pdf?sfvrsn=8cb10889_1#:~:text=This%20Record%20shows%20that%20the,factors%20of%2050%2D75%25",US-based assumptions for a Conservative cost scenario,2022.0 -SOEC,lifetime,30.0,years,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,, -Sand-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Sand-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Sand-charger,investment,144192.2682,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Sand-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,efficiency,0.53,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,investment,576769.073,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Sand-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['sand'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Sand-store,investment,6700.8517,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.100 (p.122)","{'carrier': ['sand'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -Sand-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['sand'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Steam methane reforming,FOM,3.0,%/year,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW).,2015.0 -Steam methane reforming,investment,497454.611,EUR/MW_H2,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW). Currency conversion 1.17 USD = 1 EUR.,2015.0 -Steam methane reforming,lifetime,30.0,years,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW).,2015.0 -Steam methane reforming,methane-input,1.483,MWh_CH4/MWh_H2,"Keipi et al (2018): Economic analysis of hydrogen production by methane thermal decomposition (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2017.12.063), table 2.","Large scale SMR plant producing 2.5 kg/s H2 output (assuming 33.3333 MWh/t H2 LHV), with 6.9 kg/s CH4 input (feedstock) and 2 kg/s CH4 input (energy). Neglecting water consumption.", -"Tank&bulk, diesel",efficiency,0.462,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, diesel",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, diesel",investment,35129312.4041,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, diesel",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, diesel",lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, diesel",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, methanol",efficiency,0.4695,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, methanol",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, methanol",investment,36885778.0243,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, methanol",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, methanol",lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, methanol",2023.0 -"Tankbulk, ammonia",efficiency,0.471,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tankbulk, ammonia",2023.0 -"Tankbulk, ammonia",investment,38642243.6445,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tankbulk, ammonia",2023.0 -"Tankbulk, ammonia",lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tankbulk, ammonia",2023.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,FOM,2.4395,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,efficiency,0.8062,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.65^0.5']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,investment,129023.0526,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-store,FOM,0.2345,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['vanadium'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-store,investment,258072.8586,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['vanadium'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-store,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['vanadium'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,FOM,2.4395,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,efficiency,0.7937,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.25 ","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['(0.63)^0.5 efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,investment,129023.0526,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,lifetime,25.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-store,FOM,0.1654,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-store,investment,174388.0144,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.48 (p.70) text below Table 4.12","{'carrier': ['znair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-store,lifetime,25.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['znair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,FOM,2.1198,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,efficiency,0.8307,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.25 ","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['(0.69)^0.5 efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,investment,81553.4846,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,lifetime,10.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.27","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-store,FOM,0.2576,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znbrflow'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-store,investment,412306.5947,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['znbrflow'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-store,lifetime,10.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.27","{'carrier': ['znbrflow'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,FOM,2.4395,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,efficiency,0.8888,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.25","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': [' (0.79)^0.5 efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,investment,129023.0526,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,FOM,0.2244,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,investment,239220.5823,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -air separation unit,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -air separation unit,electricity-input,0.25,MWh_el/t_N2,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), p.288.","For consistency reasons use value from Danish Energy Agency. DEA also reports range of values (0.2-0.4 MWh/t_N2) on pg. 288. Other efficienices reported are even higher, e.g. 0.11 Mwh/t_N2 from Morgan (2013): Techno-Economic Feasibility Study of Ammonia Plants Powered by Offshore Wind .", -air separation unit,investment,636675.0811,EUR/t_N2/h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 -air separation unit,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -allam,VOM,2.0,EUR/MWh,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -allam,efficiency,0.6,p.u.,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -allam,investment,1500.0,EUR/kW,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -allam,lifetime,30.0,years,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,FOM,5.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.99,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",CO2 volume captured / (Stream flowrate * Max. capacity utilization * CO2 in exhaust * 8760),2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.1,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,investment,929753.03,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 41 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 389000 t/year",2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -battery inverter,FOM,0.1962,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -battery inverter,efficiency,0.9567,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2020.0 -battery inverter,investment,276.484,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2020.0 -battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -battery storage,investment,221.1872,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2020.0 -battery storage,lifetime,28.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,FOM,100.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,VOM,160.0417,EUR/MWh_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-biochar,1.0,MWh_biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency biochar",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-heat,3.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency heat",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,investment,160041.7,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.144,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0 -biodiesel crops,fuel,137.6508,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIORPS1 (rape seed), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -bioethanol crops,CO2 intensity,0.1289,tCO2/MWh_th,,"CO2 released during fermentation of bioethanol crops, based on stochiometric composition: C6H12O6 -> 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2 , i.e. 1 kg ethanol → ~0.956 kg CO₂ (from fermentation) → 0.1289 tCO₂/MWh (with LHV = 26.7 MJ/kg).", -bioethanol crops,fuel,82.4367,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOCRP11 (Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -biogas,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 -biogas,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biogas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, -biogas,fuel,62.4351,EUR/MWhth,JRC and Zappa, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biogas,investment,1109.1727,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 -biogas,lifetime,18.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biogas CC,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas CC,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 -biogas CC,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biogas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, -biogas CC,investment,1109.1727,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 -biogas CC,lifetime,18.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biogas manure,fuel,19.8676,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOGAS1 (manure), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,FOM,42.0228,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,VOM,3.3816,EUR/MWh_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Variable O&M,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,investment,820.3777,EUR/kW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Specific investment,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -biogas upgrading,FOM,17.0397,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Fixed O&M ",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,VOM,4.4705,EUR/MWh output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Variable O&M",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,investment,207.3079,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: investment (upgrading, methane redution and grid injection)",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,lifetime,18.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biomass,FOM,4.5269,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,efficiency,0.468,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,fuel,7.4076,EUR/MWhth,IEA2011b, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,investment,2337.6116,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,lifetime,30.0,years,ECF2010 in DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass CHP,FOM,3.5459,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass CHP,VOM,1.988,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -biomass CHP,c_b,0.451,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -biomass CHP,efficiency,0.3362,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7162,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass CHP,investment,3213.1795,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -biomass CHP,lifetime,28.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,capture_rate,0.9067,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-electricity-input,0.09,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-heat-output,0.1467,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,electricity-input,0.0257,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-input,0.7387,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-output,0.7387,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,investment,2733333.3333,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass EOP,FOM,3.5459,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass EOP,VOM,1.988,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -biomass EOP,c_b,0.451,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -biomass EOP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -biomass EOP,efficiency,0.3362,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass EOP,efficiency-heat,0.7162,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass EOP,investment,3213.1795,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -biomass EOP,lifetime,28.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass HOP,FOM,5.6582,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Fixed O&M, heat output",2015.0 -biomass HOP,VOM,2.498,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Variable O&M heat output,2015.0 -biomass HOP,efficiency,1.0349,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass HOP,investment,837.871,EUR/kW_th - heat output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Nominal investment ,2015.0 -biomass HOP,lifetime,28.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -biomass boiler,FOM,8.7899,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass boiler,efficiency,0.8651,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -biomass boiler,investment,591.6019,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Specific investment",2015.0 -biomass boiler,lifetime,21.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass boiler,pelletizing cost,9.0,EUR/MWh_pellets,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.109506,,2019.0 -biomass-to-methanol,C in fuel,0.4874,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,C stored,0.5126,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,CO2 stored,0.188,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,FOM,8.9859,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,VOM,14.7843,EUR/MWh_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Variable O&M,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency,0.72,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Methanol Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-electricity,0.28,MWh_e/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Electricity Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-heat,0.4133,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: District heat Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,investment,4011.1683,EUR/kW_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Specific investment,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,FOM,14.18,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",123.67 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘BF-BOF’.,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,coal-input,1.43,MWh_coal/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15). ","Based on process ‘Avg BF-BOF` using 195 kg_PCI/t_HM (PCI = Pulverized Coal Injected; HM = Hot Metal) as substitute for coke, 24 MJ/kg as LHV for coal and 1 : 1.1 as HM-to-steel ratio.",2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15).",,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,investment,7637406.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",871.85 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘Avg BF-BOF’.,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15).",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,ore-input,1.539,t_ore/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",Based on process ‘Avg BF-BOF`,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,scrap-input,0.051,t_scrap/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",Based on process ‘Avg BF-BOF`,2020.0 -cement capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,capture_rate,0.9067,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,compression-electricity-input,0.09,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,compression-heat-output,0.1467,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,electricity-input,0.0217,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,heat-input,0.7387,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,heat-output,1.5333,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,investment,2466666.6667,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,FOM,7.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",CO2 volume captured / (Stream flowrate * Max. capacity utilization * CO2 in exhaust * 8760),2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,investment,2587727.173,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 247 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 842000 t/year",2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement dry clinker,FOM,4.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,VOM,5.2911,EUR/t_clinker,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,electricity-input,0.0694,MWh_el/t_clinker,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original values 0.25 PJ per Mt clinker,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,gas-input,0.0002,MWh_NG/t_clinker,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original values 0.0058 PJ per Mt clinker,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,heat-input,0.9444,MWh_th/t_CO2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original values 3.4 PJ per Mt clinker,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,investment,1158752.6816,EUR/t_clinker/h,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original value 125 EUR/t/year,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,lifetime,30.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement finishing,FOM,30.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement finishing,VOM,3.1747,EUR/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement finishing,clinker-input,0.656,t_cl/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND_Trans.xlsx`, Sheet `IND_Trans` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer),2015.0 -cement finishing,electricity-input,0.1736,MWh_el/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND_Trans.xlsx`, Sheet `IND_Trans` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer) with original value 0.6251 PJ per Mt cement.,2015.0 -cement finishing,investment,92700.2145,EUR/t_cement/h,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original value 10 EUR/t/year,2015.0 -cement finishing,lifetime,25.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer),2015.0 -cement finishing,slag-input,0.194,t_slag/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND_Trans.xlsx`, Sheet `IND_Trans` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer),2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.1946,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.3175,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.2333,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Total efficiency, net, name plate",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,investment,906.0988,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central coal CHP,FOM,1.6316,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central coal CHP,VOM,3.0063,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central coal CHP,c_b,0.84,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -central coal CHP,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cv coefficient,2015.0 -central coal CHP,efficiency,0.5017,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","01 Coal CHP: Electricity efficiency, condensation mode, net",2015.0 -central coal CHP,investment,1969.6589,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central coal CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.2766,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.7884,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,efficiency,5.3,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,investment,637.6251,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas CHP,FOM,3.7255,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP,VOM,4.1623,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP,c_b,0.9067,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central gas CHP,c_v,0.17,per unit,DEA (loss of fuel for additional heat), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central gas CHP,efficiency,0.4067,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central gas CHP,investment,539.693,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central gas CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,FOM,3.7255,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,VOM,4.1623,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,c_b,0.9067,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,efficiency,0.4067,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,investment,539.693,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas boiler,FOM,3.1613,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central gas boiler,VOM,0.9877,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central gas boiler,efficiency,1.04,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","44 Natural Gas DH Only: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central gas boiler,investment,54.6748,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central gas boiler,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,FOM,0.959,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,VOM,4.7561,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,investment,2534.3814,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,lifetime,28.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.3272,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.1866,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,1.74,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,investment,538.9875,EUR/kW_th excluding drive energy,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,26.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,FOM,5.4839,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,efficiency,0.51,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,investment,1093.4957,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central resistive heater,FOM,1.9,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central resistive heater,VOM,0.8113,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central resistive heater,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","41 Electric Boilers: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central resistive heater,investment,56.4385,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Nominal investment; 10/15 kV; >10 MW,2015.0 -central resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central solar thermal,FOM,1.4,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solar thermal,investment,148151.0278,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,FOM,2.855,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,VOM,4.3001,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,c_b,0.3431,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency,0.3059,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.8337,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,investment,3373.0059,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,lifetime,28.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,FOM,2.855,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,VOM,4.3001,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_b,0.3431,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency,0.3059,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.8337,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,investment,4941.6445,EUR/kW_e,Combination of central solid biomass CHP CC and solid biomass boiler steam,,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,lifetime,28.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,FOM,2.855,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,VOM,4.3001,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_b,0.3431,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency,0.3059,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency-heat,0.8337,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,investment,3373.0059,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,lifetime,28.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central water pit charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2020.0 -central water pit discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2020.0 -central water pit storage,Bottom storage temperature,35.0,⁰C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Typical bottom storage temperature,2020.0 -central water pit storage,FOM,0.2615,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -central water pit storage,Top storage temperature,90.0,⁰C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Typical max. storage temperature,2020.0 -central water pit storage,energy to power ratio,150.0,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2020.0 -central water pit storage,investment,0.956,EUR/kWh Capacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Specific investment,2020.0 -central water pit storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -central water pit storage,standing losses,0.0065,%/hour,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Energy losses during storage,2020.0 -central water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2020.0 -central water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2020.0 -central water tank storage,FOM,1.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central water tank storage,energy to power ratio,59.8485,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2020.0 -central water tank storage,investment,2.7611,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Specific investment,2020.0 -central water tank storage,lifetime,43.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -central water tank storage,standing losses,0.0071,%/hour,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Energy losses during storage,2020.0 -central water tank storage,temperature difference,46.6667,"hot/cold, K","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Typical temperature difference,2020.0 -clean water tank storage,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0 -clean water tank storage,investment,69.1286,EUR/m^3-H2O,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0 -clean water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",, -coal,CO2 intensity,0.3361,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid-Emissionen des deutschen Strommix in den Jahren 1990 - 2018,, -coal,FOM,1.31,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100.",2023.0 -coal,VOM,3.2612,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3+5.5)USD/MWh_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR).",2023.0 -coal,efficiency,0.356,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. 1 / ((8.75+12) MMbtu/MWh_th /2 / (3.4095 MMbtu/MWh_th)), rounded up.",2023.0 -coal,fuel,9.5542,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on IEA 2011 data, 99 USD/t.",2010.0 -coal,investment,3827.1629,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Higher costs include coal plants with CCS, but since using here for calculating the average nevertheless. Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3200+6775) USD/kW_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR).",2023.0 -coal,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 -csp-tower,FOM,1.1,%/year,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power),Ratio between CAPEX and FOM from ATB database for “moderate” scenario.,2020.0 -csp-tower,investment,108.37,"EUR/kW_th,dp",ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include solar field and solar tower as well as EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant). Total costs (223,708,924 USD) are divided by active area (heliostat reflective area, 1,269,054 m2) and multiplied by design point DNI (0.95 kW/m2) to obtain EUR/kW_th. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR.",2020.0 -csp-tower,lifetime,30.0,years,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power),-,2020.0 -csp-tower TES,FOM,1.1,%/year,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -csp-tower TES,investment,14.52,EUR/kWh_th,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include the TES incl. EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant, 2.791 MW_th TES). Total costs (69390776.7 USD) are divided by TES size to obtain EUR/kW_th. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR.",2020.0 -csp-tower TES,lifetime,30.0,years,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -csp-tower power block,FOM,1.1,%/year,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -csp-tower power block,investment,759.17,EUR/kW_e,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include the power cycle incl. BOP and EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant). Total costs (135185685.5 USD) are divided by power block nameplate capacity size to obtain EUR/kW_e. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR.",2020.0 -csp-tower power block,lifetime,30.0,years,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -decentral CHP,FOM,3.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral CHP,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral CHP,investment,1481.5103,EUR/kWel,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,FOM,3.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.6,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.3 Air to water existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,1049.7559,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,18.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,FOM,6.2912,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,efficiency,0.9867,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","202 Natural gas boiler: Total efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,investment,370.0217,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,lifetime,21.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler connection,investment,207.4536,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Possible additional specific investment,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler connection,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,1.8602,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.9333,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.7 Ground source existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,1693.1546,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,21.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,FOM,2.0,%/year,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,investment,165.0975,EUR/kWth,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf) (+eigene Berechnung), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,FOM,2.0,%/year,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,investment,105.8222,EUR/kWhth,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,FOM,1.3,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,investment,285719.8393,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2020.0 -decentral water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,FOM,1.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,VOM,0.4779,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Variable O&M,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,energy to power ratio,0.16,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,investment,453.9974,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Specific investment,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,lifetime,36.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,standing losses,2.2333,%/hour,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Energy losses during storage,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,temperature difference,30.0,"hot/cold, K","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Typical temperature difference,2020.0 -digestible biomass,fuel,17.0611,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOAGRW1, ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0 -digestible biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -digestible biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -digestible biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.39,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, -digestible biomass to hydrogen,investment,3707.4795,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -direct air capture,FOM,4.95,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,compression-electricity-input,0.15,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,compression-heat-output,0.2,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,electricity-input,0.4,MWh_el/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","0.4 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 0.182 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019). Should already include electricity for water scrubbing and compression (high quality CO2 output).",2020.0 -direct air capture,heat-input,1.6,MWh_th/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","Thermal energy demand. Provided via air-sourced heat pumps. 1.6 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 1.102 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019).",2020.0 -direct air capture,heat-output,1.0667,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,investment,5666666.6667,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct firing gas,FOM,1.1515,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas,VOM,0.2836,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing gas,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing gas,lifetime,16.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,FOM,1.1515,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,VOM,0.2836,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,lifetime,16.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,VOM,0.3301,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,lifetime,16.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,VOM,0.3301,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,lifetime,16.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Based on https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/capesize-freight-returns-below-operating-expense-levels-but-shipowners-reject-lay-ups/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","5000 USD/d OPEX, exchange rate: 1.15 USD = 1 EUR; absolute value calculate relative to investment cost.",2020.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,capacity,180000.0,t,-,"DWT; corresponds to size of Capesize bulk carriers which have previously docked at the habour in Hamburg, Germany. Short of 200 kt limit for VLBCs.",2020.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,investment,40000000.0,EUR,"Based on https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/dry-bulk-carriers-in-high-demand-as-rates-keep-rallying/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","See figure for ‘Dry Bulk Newbuild Prices’, Capesize at end of 2020. Exchange rate: 1.15 USD = 1 EUR.",2020.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,lifetime,25.0,years,"Based on https://mfame.guru/fall-life-expectancy-bulk-carriers/, accessed: 2022-12-03.",Expected lifetime.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,FOM,30.0,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","EAF has high OPEX of 62.99 EUR/year/t_steel, presumably because of electrode corrosion.",2020.0 -electric arc furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,electricity-input,0.6395,MWh_el/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘EAF’. ,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,hbi-input,1.0,t_hbi/t_steel,-,Assume HBI instead of scrap as input.Scrap would require higher input (in tonnes) as steel content is lower.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,investment,1839600.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",210 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘EAF’.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,FOM,30.0,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","EAF has high OPEX of 62.99 EUR/year/t_steel, presumably because of electrode corrosion.",2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,electricity-input,0.6395,MWh_el/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘EAF’. ,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,hbi-input,0.37,t_hbi/t_steel,"World Steel Association, Fact Sheet – Steel and raw materials: https://worldsteel.org/wp-content/uploads/Fact-sheet-raw-materials-2023-1.pdf, Accessed 2024-04-17.",Assume HBI instead of scrap as input.Scrap would require higher input (in tonnes) as steel content is lower.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,investment,1839600.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",210 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘EAF’.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,scrap-input,0.71,t_scrap/t_steel,"World Steel Association, Fact Sheet – Steel and raw materials: https://worldsteel.org/wp-content/uploads/Fact-sheet-raw-materials-2023-1.pdf, Accessed 2024-04-17.",,2020.0 -electric boiler steam,FOM,1.3304,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Fixed O&M,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,VOM,0.8425,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Variable O&M,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","310.1 Electric boiler steam : Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -electric boiler steam,investment,77.2033,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Nominal investment,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Technical lifetime,2019.0 -electric steam cracker,FOM,3.0,%/year,Guesstimate,,2015.0 -electric steam cracker,VOM,190.4799,EUR/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",,2015.0 -electric steam cracker,carbondioxide-output,0.55,t_CO2/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), ",The report also references another source with 0.76 t_CO2/t_HVC, -electric steam cracker,electricity-input,2.7,MWh_el/t_HVC,"Lechtenböhmer et al. (2016): 10.1016/j.energy.2016.07.110, Section 4.3, page 6.",Assuming electrified processing., -electric steam cracker,investment,11124025.7434,EUR/(t_HVC/h),"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",Assuming CAPEX of 1200 €/t actually given in €/(t/a).,2015.0 -electric steam cracker,lifetime,30.0,years,Guesstimate,, -electric steam cracker,naphtha-input,14.8,MWh_naphtha/t_HVC,"Lechtenböhmer et al. (2016): 10.1016/j.energy.2016.07.110, Section 4.3, page 6.",, -electricity distribution grid,FOM,2.0,%/year,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity distribution grid,investment,529.1108,EUR/kW,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity distribution grid,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity grid connection,FOM,2.0,%/year,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity grid connection,investment,148.151,EUR/kW,DEA, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity grid connection,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electrobiofuels,C in fuel,0.9269,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,FOM,10.1806,%/year,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2015.0 -electrobiofuels,VOM,3.8477,EUR/MWh_th,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2017.0 -electrobiofuels,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -electrobiofuels,efficiency-biomass,1.3217,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,efficiency-hydrogen,1.2142,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,efficiency-tot,0.6328,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,investment,466206.9921,EUR/kW_th,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2017.0 -electrolysis,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 -electrolysis,efficiency,0.5684,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 -electrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.2869,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 -electrolysis,investment,1500.0,EUR/kW_e,private communications; IEA https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/9e0c82d4-06d2-496b-9542-f184ba803645/TheRoleofE-fuelsinDecarbonisingTransport.pdf,,2020.0 -electrolysis,lifetime,23.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -electrolysis small,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 -electrolysis small,efficiency,0.5684,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 -electrolysis small,efficiency-heat,0.2869,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 -electrolysis small,investment,2025.0,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Specific investment,2020.0 -electrolysis small,lifetime,23.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Technical lifetime of plant,2020.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,FOM,7.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.94,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.12,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,investment,928559.735,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 36 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 342000 t/year",2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol from starch crop,FOM,16.4,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original values FIXOM in MEUR/GW divided by INVCOST for the corresponding year",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,VOM,26.3497,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value 6.93 MEUR/PJ VAROM",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,efficiency,0.58,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production. Converted from 0.35 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,investment,603376.8073,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for USA and European production,2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,FOM,19.51,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original values FIXOM in MEUR/GW divided by INVCOST for the corresponding year",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,VOM,23.1751,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production, original value 6.09 MEUR/PJ VAROM",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,efficiency,0.45,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production. Converted from 0.292 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,investment,446537.78,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for Brazilian production,2015.0 -fuel cell,FOM,5.4839,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -fuel cell,efficiency,0.51,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -fuel cell,investment,1093.4957,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -fuelwood,fuel,14.5224,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOO (FuelwoodRW), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -gas,CO2 intensity,0.198,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 50 GJ/t CH4,, -gas,fuel,24.568,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -gas boiler steam,FOM,3.6882,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,VOM,1.0741,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.9333,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -gas boiler steam,investment,51.8758,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,lifetime,26.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -gas storage,FOM,0.5368,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",150 Underground Storage of Gas: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -gas storage,investment,0.2366,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",150 Underground Storage of Gas: Specific investment,2020.0 -gas storage,lifetime,100.0,years,TODO no source,"150 Underground Storage of Gas: estimation: most underground storage are already built, they do have a long lifetime",2020.0 -gas storage charger,investment,15.2479,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",,2020.0 -gas storage discharger,investment,5.0826,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",,2020.0 -geothermal,CO2 intensity,0.12,tCO2/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",Likely to be improved; Average of 85 percent of global egs power plant capacity; Result of fluid circulation through rock formations,2020.0 -geothermal,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",See Supplemental Material of source for details,2020.0 -geothermal,district heat surcharge,25.0,%,Frey et al. 2022: Techno-Economic Assessment of Geothermal Resources in the Variscan Basement of the Northern Upper Rhine Graben,"If capital cost of electric generation from EGS is 100%, district heating adds additional 25%. Costs incurred by piping.",2020.0 -geothermal,district heat-input,0.8,MWh_thdh/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, District Heat-output. This is an assessment of typical heat losses when heat is transmitted from the EGS plant to the DH network, This is a rough estimate, depends on local conditions",2020.0 -geothermal,lifetime,30.0,years,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",,2020.0 -helmeth,FOM,3.0,%/year,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -helmeth,efficiency,0.8,per unit,HELMETH press release, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -helmeth,investment,2116.4433,EUR/kW,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -helmeth,lifetime,25.0,years,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -home battery inverter,FOM,0.1962,%/year,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -home battery inverter,efficiency,0.9567,per unit,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2020.0 -home battery inverter,investment,394.0929,EUR/kW,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2020.0 -home battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -home battery storage,investment,316.0524,EUR/kWh,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2020.0 -home battery storage,lifetime,28.3333,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -hydro,FOM,1.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -hydro,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -hydro,investment,2274.8177,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 -hydro,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,FOM,11.3,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","55.28 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ OPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15).",,2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,electricity-input,1.03,MWh_el/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ reduced by electricity demand of process ‘EAF’.,2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,hydrogen-input,2.1,MWh_H2/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2022-12-05). ","63 kg H2/t steel for process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ according to documentation (raw input files for MPP model list 73 kg H2 / t steel, which seems to high and is probably incorrect).",2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,investment,4277858.0,EUR/t_HBI/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","488.34 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ CAPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,ore-input,1.59,t_ore/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03). ",Based on process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’.,2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,compression-electricity-input,0.05,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.",1.707 kWh/kg.,2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,investment,87.69,EUR/kW_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.","2923 EUR/kg_H2. For a 206 kg/h compressor. Base CAPEX 40 528 EUR/kW_el with scale factor 0.4603. kg_H2 converted to MWh using LHV. Pressure range: 30 bar in, 250 bar out.",2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,lifetime,15.0,years,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,investment,13.5,EUR/kWh_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.","450 EUR/kg_H2 converted with LHV to MWh. For a type 1 hydrogen storage tank (steel, 15-250 bar). Currency year assumed 2020 for initial publication of reference; observe note in SI.4.3 that no currency year is explicitly stated in the reference.",2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,lifetime,20.0,years,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,min_fill_level,6.0,%,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,FOM,1.1111,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,investment,47.853,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Specific investment,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,lifetime,26.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,FOM,0.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,VOM,0.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Variable O&M,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,investment,2.7648,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Specific investment,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,lifetime,100.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,FOM,0.0908,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,VOM,3.2358,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Variable O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,efficiency,3.1417,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,investment,983.7987,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Nominal investment,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,lifetime,23.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,FOM,0.1089,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,VOM,3.2358,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Variable O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,efficiency,2.7467,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,investment,819.8323,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,lifetime,23.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -iron ore DRI-ready,commodity,97.73,EUR/t,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://missionpossiblepartnership.org/action-sectors/steel/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","DRI ready assumes 65% iron content, requiring no additional benefication.",2020.0 -iron-air battery,FOM,1.0,%/year,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery,investment,16.7282,EUR/kWh,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery,lifetime,17.5,years,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery charge,efficiency,0.71,per unit,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery discharge,efficiency,0.6,per unit,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -lignite,CO2 intensity,0.4069,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid-Emissionen des deutschen Strommix in den Jahren 1990 - 2018,, -lignite,FOM,1.31,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,VOM,3.2612,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3+5.5)USD/MWh_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR). Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,efficiency,0.33,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. 1 / ((8.75+12) MMbtu/MWh_th /2 / (3.4095 MMbtu/MWh_th)), rounded up. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,fuel,3.2985,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on IEA 2011 data, 10 USD/t.",2010.0 -lignite,investment,3827.1629,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Higher costs include coal plants with CCS, but since using here for calculating the average nevertheless. Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3200+6775) USD/kW_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR). Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf .",2023.0 -lignite,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -methanation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.2.3.1",,2017.0 -methanation,carbondioxide-input,0.198,t_CO2/MWh_CH4,"Götz et al. (2016): Renewable Power-to-Gas: A technological and economic review (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2015.07.066), Fig. 11 .",Additional H2 required for methanation process (2x H2 amount compared to stochiometric conversion)., -methanation,efficiency,0.8,per unit,Palzer and Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -methanation,hydrogen-input,1.282,MWh_H2/MWh_CH4,,Based on ideal conversion process of stochiometric composition (1 t CH4 contains 750 kg of carbon)., -methanation,investment,679.8185,EUR/kW_CH4,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 6: “Reference scenario”.",,2017.0 -methanation,lifetime,20.0,years,Guesstimate.,"Based on lifetime for methanolisation, Fischer-Tropsch plants.",2017.0 -methane storage tank incl. compressor,FOM,1.9,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor by DEA.",Based on assumptions for hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor (by DEA).,2014.0 -methane storage tank incl. compressor,investment,8961.5075,EUR/m^3,Storage costs per l: https://www.compositesworld.com/articles/pressure-vessels-for-alternative-fuels-2014-2023 (2021-02-10).,"Assume 5USD/l (= 4.23 EUR/l at 1.17 USD/EUR exchange rate) for type 1 pressure vessel for 200 bar storage and 100% surplus costs for including compressor costs with storage, based on similar assumptions by DEA for compressed hydrogen storage tanks.",2014.0 -methane storage tank incl. compressor,lifetime,30.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor by DEA.",Based on assumptions for hydrogen storage tank 1 including compressor (by DEA).,2014.0 -methanol,CO2 intensity,0.2482,tCO2/MWh_th,,, -methanol-to-kerosene,FOM,4.5,%/year,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",,2020.0 -methanol-to-kerosene,VOM,1.35,EUR/MWh_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",,2020.0 -methanol-to-kerosene,hydrogen-input,0.0279,MWh_H2/MWh_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 6.","Assuming LHV 11.94 kWh/kg for kerosene, 5.54 kWh/kg for methanol, 33.3 kWh/kg for hydrogen.", -methanol-to-kerosene,investment,269000.0,EUR/MW_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",,2020.0 -methanol-to-kerosene,lifetime,30.0,years,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",, -methanol-to-kerosene,methanol-input,1.0764,MWh_MeOH/MWh_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 6.","Assuming LHV 11.94 kWh/kg for kerosene, 5.54 kWh/kg for methanol, 33.3 kWh/kg for hydrogen.", -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,FOM,3.0,%/year,Guesstimate,same as steam cracker,2015.0 -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,VOM,31.7466,EUR/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35", ,2015.0 -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,carbondioxide-output,0.6107,t_CO2/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Sections 4.5 (for ethylene and propylene) and 4.6 (for BTX)","Weighted average: 0.4 t_MeOH/t_ethylene+propylene for 21.7 Mt of ethylene and 17 Mt of propylene, 1.13 t_CO2/t_BTX for 15.7 Mt of BTX. The report also references process emissions of 0.55 t_MeOH/t_ethylene+propylene elsewhere. ", -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,electricity-input,1.3889,MWh_el/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), page 69",5 GJ/t_HVC , -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,investment,2781006.4359,EUR/(t_HVC/h),"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",Assuming CAPEX of 1200 €/t actually given in €/(t/a).,2015.0 -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,lifetime,30.0,years,Guesstimate,same as steam cracker, -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,methanol-input,18.03,MWh_MeOH/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Sections 4.5 (for ethylene and propylene) and 4.6 (for BTX)","Weighted average: 2.83 t_MeOH/t_ethylene+propylene for 21.7 Mt of ethylene and 17 Mt of propylene, 4.2 t_MeOH/t_BTX for 15.7 Mt of BTX. Assuming 5.54 MWh_MeOH/t_MeOH. ", -methanolisation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.1.",,2017.0 -methanolisation,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -methanolisation,carbondioxide-input,0.248,t_CO2/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 66.",, -methanolisation,electricity-input,0.271,MWh_e/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 65.",, -methanolisation,heat-output,0.1,MWh_th/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 65.",steam generation of 2 GJ/t_MeOH, -methanolisation,hydrogen-input,1.138,MWh_H2/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 64.",189 kg_H2 per t_MeOH, -methanolisation,investment,703726.4462,EUR/MW_MeOH,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 8: “Reference scenario”.","Well developed technology, no significant learning expected.",2017.0 -methanolisation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (04/2022), Data sheet “Methanol to Power”.",,2017.0 -micro CHP,FOM,6.3793,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -micro CHP,efficiency,0.364,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Electric efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -micro CHP,efficiency-heat,0.6023,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -micro CHP,investment,8515.802,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 -micro CHP,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,FOM,11.3,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,gas-input,2.78,MWh_NG/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",Original value 10 GJ/t_DRI.,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,investment,4277858.0,EUR/t_HBI/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.","488.34 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ CAPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,ore-input,1.59,t_ore/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",, -nuclear,FOM,1.27,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (131.5+152.75)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) relative to investment costs.",2023.0 -nuclear,VOM,3.5464,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (4.25+5)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 -nuclear,efficiency,0.326,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on heat rate of 10.45 MMBtu/MWh_e and 3.4095 MMBtu/MWh_th, i.e. 1/(10.45/3.4095) = 0.3260.",2023.0 -nuclear,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -nuclear,investment,8594.1354,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (8475+13925)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 -nuclear,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 -offwind,FOM,2.2523,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Fixed O&M [EUR/MW_e/y, 2020]",2020.0 -offwind,VOM,0.0212,EUR/MWhel,RES costs made up to fix curtailment order, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind,investment,1846.2851,"EUR/kW_e, 2020","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Nominal investment [MEUR/MW_e, 2020] grid connection costs subtracted from investment costs",2020.0 -offwind,lifetime,29.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2841.3251,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,1420.1334,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-ac-station,investment,264.5554,EUR/kWel,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2116.4433,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,1058.2216,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017; average + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-station,investment,423.2887,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017; assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-float,FOM,1.15,%/year,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0 -offwind-float,investment,2350.0,EUR/kWel,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0 -offwind-float,lifetime,20.0,years,C. Maienza 2020 A life cycle cost model for floating offshore wind farms,,2020.0 -offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2118.5597,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf,,2014.0 -offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,1039.4778,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017, average + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 -offwind-float-station,investment,415.7911,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017, assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 -oil,CO2 intensity,0.2571,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 44 GJ/t diesel and -CH2- approximation of diesel,, -oil,FOM,2.7894,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -oil,VOM,5.15,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0 -oil,efficiency,0.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","50 Diesel engine farm: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -oil,fuel,52.9111,EUR/MWhth,IEA WEM2017 97USD/boe = http://www.iea.org/media/weowebsite/2017/WEM_Documentation_WEO2017.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -oil,investment,324.9446,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Specific investment,2015.0 -oil,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -onwind,FOM,1.2222,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -onwind,VOM,1.4011,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Variable O&M,2015.0 -onwind,investment,1069.9062,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Nominal investment ,2015.0 -onwind,lifetime,31.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -organic rankine cycle,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551","Both for flash, binary and ORC plants. See Supplemental Material for details",2020.0 -organic rankine cycle,electricity-input,0.12,MWh_el/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, Electricity-output. This is a rough estimate, depends on input temperature, implies ~150 C.",2020.0 -organic rankine cycle,investment,1376.0,EUR/kW_el,Tartiere and Astolfi 2017: A world overview of the organic Rankine cycle market,"Low rollout complicates the estimation, compounded by a dependence both on plant size and temperature, converted from 1500 USD/kW using currency conversion 1.09 USD = 1 EUR.",2020.0 -organic rankine cycle,lifetime,30.0,years,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",,2020.0 -ror,FOM,2.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -ror,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -ror,investment,3412.2266,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 -ror,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -seawater RO desalination,electricity-input,0.003,MWHh_el/t_H2O,"Caldera et al. (2016): Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Fig. 4.",Desalination using SWRO. Assume medium salinity of 35 Practical Salinity Units (PSUs) = 35 kg/m^3., -seawater desalination,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2015.0 -seawater desalination,electricity-input,3.0348,kWh/m^3-H2O,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Fig. 4.",, -seawater desalination,investment,34796.4978,EUR/(m^3-H2O/h),"Caldera et al 2017: Learning Curve for Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination Plants: Capital Cost Trend of the Past, Present, and Future (https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR021402), Table 4.",,2015.0 -seawater desalination,lifetime,30.0,years,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",, -shipping fuel methanol,CO2 intensity,0.2482,tCO2/MWh_th,-,Based on stochiometric composition.,2020.0 -shipping fuel methanol,fuel,72.0,EUR/MWh_th,"Based on (source 1) Hampp et al (2022), https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.01092, and (source 2): https://www.methanol.org/methanol-price-supply-demand/; both accessed: 2022-12-03.",400 EUR/t assuming range roughly in the long-term range for green methanol (source 1) and late 2020+beyond values for grey methanol (source 2).,2020.0 -solar,FOM,1.6794,%/year,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop' and 50% 'solar-utility',2020.0 -solar,VOM,0.0106,EUR/MWhel,RES costs made up to fix curtailment order, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -solar,investment,657.0605,EUR/kW_e,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop' and 50% 'solar-utility',2020.0 -solar,lifetime,36.6667,years,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop' and 50% 'solar-utility',2020.0 -solar-rooftop,FOM,1.2402,%/year,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop,discount rate,0.04,per unit,standard for decentral, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -solar-rooftop,investment,854.6802,EUR/kW_e,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop,lifetime,36.6667,years,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,FOM,1.3269,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,investment,700.859,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,lifetime,36.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,FOM,1.1535,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,investment,1008.5014,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,lifetime,36.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-utility,FOM,2.1185,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-utility,investment,459.4409,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-utility,lifetime,36.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,FOM,2.028,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,investment,530.8877,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,lifetime,36.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solid biomass,CO2 intensity,0.3667,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 18 GJ/t_DM LHV and 50% C-content for solid biomass,, -solid biomass,fuel,13.6489,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOOW1 (secondary forest residue wood chips), ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,FOM,5.7031,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,VOM,2.8216,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,efficiency,0.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,investment,595.0455,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,lifetime,28.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,FOM,5.7031,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,VOM,2.8216,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,efficiency,0.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,investment,595.0455,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,lifetime,28.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -solid biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -solid biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -solid biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.56,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, -solid biomass to hydrogen,investment,3707.4795,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,FOM,5.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",CO2 volume captured / (Stream flowrate * Max. capacity utilization * CO2 in exhaust * 8760),2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,investment,3561435.753,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 1342 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 3324000 t/year",2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -uranium,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -waste CHP,FOM,2.3787,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -waste CHP,VOM,25.9608,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -waste CHP,c_b,0.2733,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP,efficiency,0.2181,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7957,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP,investment,7874.1134,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -waste CHP,lifetime,28.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,FOM,2.3787,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,VOM,25.9608,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,c_b,0.2733,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,efficiency,0.2181,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.7957,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,investment,7874.1134,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,lifetime,28.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -water tank charger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -water tank discharger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 diff --git a/ariadne-data/costs/optimist/costs_2035.csv b/ariadne-data/costs/optimist/costs_2035.csv deleted file mode 100644 index 6eb10df67..000000000 --- a/ariadne-data/costs/optimist/costs_2035.csv +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1238 +0,0 @@ -technology,parameter,value,unit,source,further description,currency_year -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,FOM,2.8,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,VOM,0.2389,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,electricity-input,1.38,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,investment,429.0306,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,lifetime,40.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,FOM,2.3,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,VOM,0.2389,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,electricity-input,1.416,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,investment,506.0332,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,FOM,2.3,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,VOM,0.1934,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,electricity-input,1.41,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,investment,582.922,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW, -Ammonia cracker,FOM,4.3,%/year,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 7.","Estimated based on Labour cost rate, Maintenance cost rate, Insurance rate, Admin. cost rate and Chemical & other consumables cost rate.",2015.0 -Ammonia cracker,ammonia-input,1.46,MWh_NH3/MWh_H2,"ENGIE et al (2020): Ammonia to Green Hydrogen Feasibility Study (https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/880826/HS420_-_Ecuity_-_Ammonia_to_Green_Hydrogen.pdf), Fig. 10.",Assuming a integrated 200t/d cracking and purification facility. Electricity demand (316 MWh per 2186 MWh_LHV H2 output) is assumed to also be ammonia LHV input which seems a fair assumption as the facility has options for a higher degree of integration according to the report)., -Ammonia cracker,investment,982536.4099,EUR/MW_H2,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 6.",Calculated. For a small (200 t_NH3/d input) facility. Base cost for facility: 51 MEUR at capacity 20 000m^3_NH3/h = 339 t_NH3/d input. Cost scaling exponent 0.67. Ammonia density 0.7069 kg/m^3. Conversion efficiency of cracker: 0.685. Ammonia LHV: 5.167 MWh/t_NH3.; and Calculated. For a large (2500 t_NH3/d input) facility. Base cost for facility: 51 MEUR at capacity 20 000m^3_NH3/h = 339 t_NH3/d input. Cost scaling exponent 0.67. Ammonia density 0.7069 kg/m^3. Conversion efficiency of cracker: 0.685. Ammonia LHV: 5.167 MWh/t_NH3.,2015.0 -Ammonia cracker,lifetime,25.0,years,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 7.",,2015.0 -BEV Bus city,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,Motor size,372.4138,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,efficiency,0.7965,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,investment,214506.8497,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Coach,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,Motor size,418.9655,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,efficiency,0.7797,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,investment,295046.6532,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,Motor size,641.3793,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,efficiency,1.3144,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,investment,151213.8954,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,lifetime,10.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,Motor size,412.069,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,efficiency,0.8284,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,investment,251193.9654,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,Motor size,832.7586,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,efficiency,1.4589,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,investment,167722.8037,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),FOM,0.9,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),efficiency,0.68,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),investment,24358.0,EUR/PKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (trucks),FOM,16.0,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (trucks),2020.0 -Battery electric (trucks),investment,134700.0,EUR/LKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (trucks),2020.0 -Battery electric (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (trucks),2020.0 -BioSNG,C in fuel,0.3375,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,C stored,0.6625,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,CO2 stored,0.2429,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,FOM,1.4949,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Fixed O&M",2020.0 -BioSNG,VOM,2.0205,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Variable O&M",2020.0 -BioSNG,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -BioSNG,efficiency,0.625,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Bio SNG Output",2020.0 -BioSNG,investment,2073.63,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Specific investment",2020.0 -BioSNG,lifetime,25.0,years,TODO,"84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -BtL,C in fuel,0.2805,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,C stored,0.7195,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,CO2 stored,0.2638,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,FOM,16.8123,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Fixed O&M",2020.0 -BtL,VOM,0.9637,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Variable O&M",2020.0 -BtL,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -BtL,efficiency,0.4,per unit,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Electricity Output",2020.0 -BtL,investment,2858.5639,EUR/kW_th,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Specific investment",2017.0 -BtL,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Technical lifetime",2020.0 -CCGT,FOM,3.1203,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -CCGT,VOM,3.9154,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Variable O&M",2015.0 -CCGT,c_b,1.65,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -CCGT,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -CCGT,efficiency,0.59,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -CCGT,investment,835.9951,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Nominal investment",2015.0 -CCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -CH4 (g) fill compressor station,FOM,1.7,%/year,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0 -CH4 (g) fill compressor station,investment,1654.96,EUR/MW_CH4,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station cost.","Assume same ratio as between H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station, i.e. 1:19 , due to a lack of reliable numbers.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) fill compressor station,lifetime,20.0,years,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,FOM,1.5,%/year,Assume same as for H2 (g) pipeline in 2050 (CH4 pipeline as mature technology).,"Due to lack of numbers, use comparable H2 pipeline assumptions.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,electricity-input,0.01,MW_e/1000km/MW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: 112 6 gas Main distri line.","Assumption for gas pipeline >100MW, 0.1% per station and spacing of 100km yields 1%/1000km. Electric compression.",2015.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,investment,87.22,EUR/MW/km,Guesstimate.,"Based on Arab Gas Pipeline: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Gas_Pipeline: cost = 1.2e9 $-US (year = ?), capacity=10.3e9 m^3/a NG, l=1200km, NG-LHV=39MJ/m^3*90% (also Wikipedia estimate from here https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_of_combustion). Presumed to include booster station cost.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,lifetime,50.0,years,Assume same as for H2 (g) pipeline in 2050 (CH4 pipeline as mature technology).,"Due to lack of numbers, use comparable H2 pipeline assumptions.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,FOM,3.0,%/year,"d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material.",-,2015.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,electricity-input,0.01,MW_e/1000km/MW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: 112 6 gas Main distri line.","Assumption for gas pipeline >100MW, 0.1% per station and spacing of 100km yields 1%/1000km. Electric compression.",2015.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,investment,119.3173,EUR/MW/km,Kaiser (2017): 10.1016/j.marpol.2017.05.003 .,"Based on Gulfstream pipeline costs (430 mi long pipeline for natural gas in deep/shallow waters) of 2.72e6 USD/mi and 1.31 bn ft^3/d capacity (36 in diameter), LHV of methane 13.8888 MWh/t and density of 0.657 kg/m^3 and 1.17 USD:1EUR conversion rate = 102.4 EUR/MW/km. Number is without booster station cost. Estimation of additional cost for booster stations based on H2 (g) pipeline numbers from Guidehouse (2020): European Hydrogen Backbone report and Danish Energy Agency (2021): Technology Data for Energy Transport, were booster stations make ca. 6% of pipeline cost; here add additional 10% for booster stations as they need to be constructed submerged or on plattforms. (102.4*1.1).",2014.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,lifetime,30.0,years,"d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material.",-,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,capacity,58300.0,t_CH4,"Calculated, based on Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",based on 138 000 m^3 capacity and LNG density of 0.4226 t/m^3 .,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,investment,159791465.6831,EUR,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,lifetime,25.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2015.0 -CH4 evaporation,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 evaporation,investment,91.1101,EUR/kW_CH4,"Calculated, based on Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306","based on 100 MUSD-2005/(1 bcm/a), 1 bcm = 10.6 TWh, currency exchange rate: 1.15 USD=1 EUR.",2005.0 -CH4 evaporation,lifetime,30.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,electricity-input,0.036,MWh_el/MWh_CH4,"Pospíšil et al. (2019): Energy demand of liquefaction and regasification of natural gas and the potential of LNG for operative thermal energy storage (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.09.027), Table 2 and Table 3. alternative source 2: https://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/methane (accessed 2021-02-10).","Assuming 0.5 MWh/t_CH4 for refigeration cycle based on Table 2 of source; cleaning of gas presumed unnecessary as it should be nearly pure CH4 (=SNG). Assuming energy required is only electricity which is for Table 3 in the source provided with efficiencies of ~50% of LHV, making the numbers consistent with the numbers in Table 2.", -CH4 liquefaction,investment,241.443,EUR/kW_CH4,"Calculated, based on Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306","based on 265 MUSD-2005/(1 bcm/a), 1 bcm = 10.6 TWh, currency exchange rate: 1.15 USD=1 EUR.",2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,lifetime,25.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,methane-input,1.0,MWh_CH4/MWh_CH4,"Pospíšil et al. (2019): Energy demand of liquefaction and regasification of natural gas and the potential of LNG for operative thermal energy storage (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.09.027), Table 2 and Table 3. alternative source 2: https://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/methane (accessed 2021-02-10).","For refrigeration cycle, cleaning of gas presumed unnecessary as it should be nearly pure CH4 (=SNG). Assuming energy required is only electricity which is for Table 3 in the source provided with efficiencies of ~50% of LHV, making the numbers consistent with the numbers in Table 2.", -CO2 liquefaction,FOM,5.0,%/year,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,,2004.0 -CO2 liquefaction,carbondioxide-input,1.0,t_CO2/t_CO2,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,"Assuming a pure, humid, low-pressure input stream. Neglecting possible gross-effects of CO2 which might be cycled for the cooling process.", -CO2 liquefaction,electricity-input,0.123,MWh_el/t_CO2,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,, -CO2 liquefaction,heat-input,0.0067,MWh_th/t_CO2,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,For drying purposes., -CO2 liquefaction,investment,16.7226,EUR/t_CO2/h,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,"Plant capacity of 20 kt CO2 / d and an uptime of 85%. For a high purity, humid, low pressure input stream, includes drying and compression necessary for liquefaction.",2004.0 -CO2 liquefaction,lifetime,25.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on CH4 liquefaction.",,2004.0 -CO2 pipeline,FOM,0.9,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",,2015.0 -CO2 pipeline,investment,2116.4433,EUR/(tCO2/h)/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",Assuming the 120-500 t CO2/h range that is based on cost of a 12 inch onshore pipeline.,2015.0 -CO2 pipeline,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",,2015.0 -CO2 storage tank,FOM,1.0,%/year,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, pg. 2746 .","Assuming a 3000m^3 pressurised steel cylinder tanks and a CO2 density of 1100 kg/m^3 (close to triple point at -56.6°C and 5.2 bar with max density of 1200kg/m^3 ). Lauri et al. report costs 3x higher per m^3 for steel tanks, which are consistent with other sources. The numbers reported are in rather difficult to pinpoint as systems can greatly vary.",2013.0 -CO2 storage tank,investment,2584.3462,EUR/t_CO2,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, Table 3.","Assuming a 3000m^3 pressurised steel cylinder tanks and a CO2 density of 1100 kg/m^3 (close to triple point at -56.6°C and 5.2 bar with max density of 1200kg/m^3 ). Lauri et al. report costs 3x higher per m^3 for steel tanks, which are consistent with other sources. The numbers reported are in rather difficult to pinpoint as systems can greatly vary.",2013.0 -CO2 storage tank,lifetime,25.0,years,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, pg. 2746 .","Assuming a 3000m^3 pressurised steel cylinder tanks and a CO2 density of 1100 kg/m^3 (close to triple point at -56.6°C and 5.2 bar with max density of 1200kg/m^3 ). Lauri et al. report costs 3x higher per m^3 for steel tanks, which are consistent with other sources. The numbers reported are in rather difficult to pinpoint as systems can greatly vary.",2013.0 -CO2 submarine pipeline,FOM,0.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",,2015.0 -CO2 submarine pipeline,investment,4232.8865,EUR/(tCO2/h)/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",Assuming the 120-500 t CO2/h range that is based on cost of a 12 inch offshore pipeline.,2015.0 -Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,FOM,1.6,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,investment,448894.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,FOM,2.2,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,investment,1788360.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,FOM,2.2,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,investment,1787894.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,FOM,1.8,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,investment,1005.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,FOM,0.9265,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.64 (p.86) Figure 4.14","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,efficiency,0.7211,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.52^0.5']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,investment,946180.9426,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Turbine Compressor BOP EPC Management']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-store,FOM,0.43,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB 4.5.2.1 Fixed O&M p.62 (p.84)","{'carrier': ['pair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-store,investment,5448.7894,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.64 (p.86)","{'carrier': ['pair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Cavern Storage']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['pair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,investment,144192.2682,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,efficiency,0.4343,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,investment,576769.073,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Concrete-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['concrete'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Concrete-store,investment,24044.2324,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['concrete'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -Concrete-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['concrete'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -"Container feeder, ammonia",efficiency,0.7754,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container feeder, ammonia",investment,36714522.6264,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container feeder, ammonia",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container feeder, diesel",efficiency,0.7718,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, diesel",2023.0 -"Container feeder, diesel",investment,34966212.0251,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, diesel",2023.0 -"Container feeder, diesel",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, diesel",2023.0 -"Container feeder, methanol",efficiency,0.7711,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, methanol",2023.0 -"Container feeder, methanol",investment,35884174.4147,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, methanol",2023.0 -"Container feeder, methanol",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, methanol",2023.0 -"Container, ammonia",efficiency,1.7094,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container, ammonia",investment,125635594.6493,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container, ammonia",lifetime,31.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container, diesel",efficiency,1.6399,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, diesel",2023.0 -"Container, diesel",investment,119652947.2851,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, diesel",2023.0 -"Container, diesel",lifetime,32.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, diesel",2023.0 -"Container, methanol",efficiency,1.7001,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, methanol",2023.0 -"Container, methanol",investment,122644270.9672,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, methanol",2023.0 -"Container, methanol",lifetime,32.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, methanol",2023.0 -Diesel Bus city,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,Motor size,250.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,efficiency,1.8862,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,investment,150756.2732,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,Motor size,350.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,efficiency,2.0089,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,investment,231296.0768,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,FOM,0.0005,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,Motor size,380.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,efficiency,3.1541,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,investment,142012.114,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,lifetime,10.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,Motor size,273.1034,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,efficiency,2.0148,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,investment,155444.0931,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,Motor size,382.3529,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,efficiency,3.1242,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,investment,177515.1425,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,Motor size,405.5172,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,VOM,0.0979,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,efficiency,1.484,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,investment,289935.0389,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Coach,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,Motor size,405.5172,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,efficiency,1.4658,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,investment,356840.1722,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,Motor size,535.3448,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,efficiency,2.4337,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,investment,139809.9795,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,lifetime,10.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,Motor size,398.2759,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,efficiency,1.6195,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,investment,235054.9487,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,Motor size,398.2759,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,efficiency,2.7049,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,investment,257125.9981,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FT fuel transport ship,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -FT fuel transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_FTfuel,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -FT fuel transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -FT fuel transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.1.",,2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,VOM,3.2965,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",102 Hydrogen to Jet: Variable O&M,2020.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -Fischer-Tropsch,carbondioxide-input,0.3135,t_CO2/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","Input per 1t FT liquid fuels output, carbon efficiency increases with years (4.3, 3.9, 3.6, 3.3 t_CO2/t_FT from 2020-2050 with LHV 11.95 MWh_th/t_FT).", -Fischer-Tropsch,efficiency,0.799,per unit,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.2.",,2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,electricity-input,0.007,MWh_el/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","0.005 MWh_el input per FT output, output increasing from 2020 to 2050 (0.65, 0.7, 0.73, 0.75 MWh liquid FT output).", -Fischer-Tropsch,hydrogen-input,1.392,MWh_H2/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","0.995 MWh_H2 per output, output increasing from 2020 to 2050 (0.65, 0.7, 0.73, 0.75 MWh liquid FT output).", -Fischer-Tropsch,investment,657729.5552,EUR/MW_FT,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 8: “Reference scenario”.","Well developed technology, no significant learning expected.",2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (04/2022), Data sheet “Methanol to Power”.",,2017.0 -Gasnetz,FOM,2.5,%,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz,2020.0 -Gasnetz,investment,28.0,EUR/kWGas,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz,2020.0 -Gasnetz,lifetime,30.0,years,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz,2020.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),FOM,6.25,%/year,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , figure 7 and pg. 12 .",Assuming ca. 10 EUR/m^3/a (center value between stand alone and addon facility).,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),investment,137.8999,EUR/m^3,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 8F .",Assumed 20% lower than for product storage. Crude or middle distillate tanks are usually larger compared to product storage due to lower requirements on safety and different construction method. Reference size used here: 80 000 – 120 000 m^3 .,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),lifetime,30.0,years,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 11.",,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),FOM,6.25,%/year,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , figure 7 and pg. 12 .",Assuming ca. 10 EUR/m^3/a (center value between stand alone and addon facility).,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),investment,172.3748,EUR/m^3,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 8F .",Assumed at the higher end for addon facilities/mid-range for stand-alone facilities. Product storage usually smaller due to higher requirements on safety and different construction method. Reference size used here: 40 000 - 60 000 m^3 .,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),lifetime,30.0,years,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 11.",,2012.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.76 (p.98) Sentence 1 in 4.7.2 Operating Costs","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['1.5 percent of capital cost']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,efficiency,0.9274,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.36","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.86^0.5']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,investment,415570.5177,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 0% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,lifetime,41.7,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.36","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-store,investment,157381.7274,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 15% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['gravity'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Gravitational Capital (SB+BOS)']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-store,lifetime,41.7,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.36","{'carrier': ['gravity'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.76 (p.98) Sentence 1 in 4.7.2 Operating Costs","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['1.5 percent of capital cost']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,efficiency,0.9014,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level ((0.785+0.84)/2)^0.5']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,investment,365630.713,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 0% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-store,investment,121755.0274,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 15% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['gravitywa'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Gravitational Capital (SB+BOS)']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['gravitywa'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.76 (p.98) Sentence 1 in 4.7.2 Operating Costs","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['1.5 percent of capital cost']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,efficiency,0.9014,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level ((0.785+0.84)/2)^0.5']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,investment,905158.9602,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 0% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-store,investment,95982.5211,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 15% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['gravitywu'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Gravitational Capital (SB+BOS)']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['gravitywu'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -H2 (g) fill compressor station,FOM,1.7,%/year,"Guidehouse 2020: European Hydrogen Backbone report, https://guidehouse.com/-/media/www/site/downloads/energy/2020/gh_european-hydrogen-backbone_report.pdf (table 3, table 5)","Pessimistic (highest) value chosen for 48'' pipeline w/ 13GW_H2 LHV @ 100bar pressure. Currency year: Not clearly specified, assuming year of publication. Forecast year: Not clearly specified, guessing based on text remarks.",2020.0 -H2 (g) fill compressor station,investment,4738.7164,EUR/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), pg. 164, Figure 14 (Fill compressor).","Assumption for staging 35→140bar, 6000 MW_HHV single line pipeline. Considering HHV/LHV ration for H2.",2015.0 -H2 (g) fill compressor station,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), pg. 168, Figure 24 (Fill compressor).",,2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,FOM,2.75,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, > 6000 MW_HHV single line pipeline, incl. booster station investments. Considering LHV by scaling with LHV/HHV=0.8462623413.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,electricity-input,0.0185,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,investment,303.6845,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 4.4 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, > 6000 MW_HHV single line pipeline, incl. booster station investments. Considering LHV by scaling with LHV/HHV=0.8462623413.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,FOM,2.75,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.",Same as for new H2 (g) pipeline.,2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,electricity-input,0.0185,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,investment,129.4682,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line repurposed pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 0.8 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.",Same as for new H2 (g) pipeline.,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,FOM,3.0,%/year,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,electricity-input,0.0185,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,investment,456.1165,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line offshore pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 7.48 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,lifetime,30.0,years,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,FOM,3.0,%/year,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,electricity-input,0.0185,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,investment,160.1562,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line repurposed offshore pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 1.5 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,lifetime,30.0,years,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (l) storage tank,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.",Assuming currency year and technology year here (25 EUR/kg).,2015.0 -H2 (l) storage tank,investment,793.7456,EUR/MWh_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.","Assuming currency year and technology year here (25 EUR/kg). Future target cost. Today’s cost potentially higher according to d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material pg. 16.",2015.0 -H2 (l) storage tank,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.",Assuming currency year and technology year here (25 EUR/kg).,2015.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,capacity,11000.0,t_H2,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,investment,393737000.0,EUR,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,lifetime,20.0,years,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 evaporation,FOM,2.5,%/year,"DNV GL (2020): Study on the Import of Liquid Renewable Energy: Technology Cost Assessment, https://www.gie.eu/wp-content/uploads/filr/2598/DNV-GL_Study-GLE-Technologies-and-costs-analysis-on-imports-of-liquid-renewable-energy.pdf .",,2020.0 -H2 evaporation,investment,124.592,EUR/kW_H2,"IRENA (2022): Global Hydrogen Trade to Meet the 1.5° Climate Goal: Technology Review of Hydrogen Carriers, https://www.irena.org/publications/2022/Apr/Global-hydrogen-trade-Part-II , pg. 62f.","Pessimistic assumption for large scale facility / near-term estimate for medium sized facility, in between low / mid estimate with e.g. DNV numbers (Fig. 3.15).; and Optimistic assumption for large scale facility 2500 t/d, cf Fig. 3.15 .",2022.0 -H2 evaporation,lifetime,20.0,years,Guesstimate.,Based on lifetime of liquefaction plant.,2015.0 -H2 liquefaction,FOM,2.5,%/year,"DNV GL (2020): Study on the Import of Liquid Renewable Energy: Technology Cost Assessment, https://www.gie.eu/wp-content/uploads/filr/2598/DNV-GL_Study-GLE-Technologies-and-costs-analysis-on-imports-of-liquid-renewable-energy.pdf .",,2020.0 -H2 liquefaction,electricity-input,0.203,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"Heuser et al. (2019): Techno-economic analysis of a potential energy trading link between Patagonia and Japan based on CO2 free hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.12.156), table 1.","6.78 kWh/kg_H2, considering H2 with LHV of 33.3333 MWh/t", -H2 liquefaction,hydrogen-input,1.017,MWh_H2/MWh_H2,"Heuser et al. (2019): Techno-economic analysis of a potential energy trading link between Patagonia and Japan based on CO2 free hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.12.156), table 1.",corresponding to 1.65% losses during liquefaction, -H2 liquefaction,investment,800.9483,EUR/kW_H2,"IRENA (2022): Global Hydrogen Trade to Meet the 1.5° Climate Goal: Technology Review of Hydrogen Carriers, https://www.irena.org/publications/2022/Apr/Global-hydrogen-trade-Part-II , pg. 62f.","Assumption for a 200t/d facility (Pessimistic long-term or optimistic short-term value).; and Assumption for a large >300t/d, e.g. 2500 t/d facility (Optimistic long-term value without change in base technology mentioned in report).",2022.0 -H2 liquefaction,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2022.0 -H2 pipeline,FOM,3.0,%/year,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -H2 pipeline,investment,282.5452,EUR/MW/km,Welder et al https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.05.059, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -H2 pipeline,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,FOM,5.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,VOM,0.5118,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,electricity-input,0.097,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification,investment,1467.9399,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification,wood-input,1.804,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification CC,FOM,5.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification CC,VOM,0.5232,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification CC,electricity-input,0.143,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification CC,investment,1489.0957,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification CC,wood-input,1.804,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification,FOM,6.1,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification,VOM,0.5061,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification,coal-input,1.62,MWh_coal/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification,electricity-input,0.02,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification,investment,399.1168,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification CC,FOM,7.22,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification CC,VOM,0.1479,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification CC,coal-input,1.62,MWh_coal/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification CC,electricity-input,0.023,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification CC,investment,413.4481,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,FOM,5.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,VOM,0.1592,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,electricity-input,0.063,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,investment,491.1331,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,lifetime,25.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,oil-input,1.3,MWh_oil/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,FOM,4.9,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,VOM,0.2047,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,electricity-input,0.02,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,gas-input,1.25,MWh_NG/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,investment,180.0518,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,FOM,6.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,VOM,0.0796,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,electricity-input,0.039,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,gas-input,1.4,MWh_NG/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,investment,217.5863,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,FOM,4.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,VOM,0.7393,EUR/MWh,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,electricity-input,0.044,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,investment,590.6564,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,wood-input,1.36,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -HVAC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVAC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVAC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,investment,165803.0398,EUR/MW,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC submarine,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0 -HVDC submarine,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1,2017.0 -HVDC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0 -HVDC underground,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 -HVDC underground,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1 (same as for HVDC submarine),2017.0 -HVDC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 -Haber-Bosch,FOM,3.0503,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,VOM,0.0169,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Variable O&M,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,electricity-input,0.2473,MWh_el/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), table 11.",Assume 5 GJ/t_NH3 for compressors and NH3 LHV = 5.16666 MWh/t_NH3., -Haber-Bosch,hydrogen-input,1.1484,MWh_H2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.","178 kg_H2 per t_NH3, LHV for both assumed.", -Haber-Bosch,investment,1213.2498,EUR/kW_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,nitrogen-input,0.1597,t_N2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.",".33 MWh electricity are required for ASU per t_NH3, considering 0.4 MWh are required per t_N2 and LHV of NH3 of 5.1666 Mwh.", -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,investment,144192.2682,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,efficiency,0.4444,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,investment,576769.073,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['salthight'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-store,investment,94107.5489,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['salthight'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['salthight'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),FOM,1.1,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),efficiency,0.48,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),investment,30720.0,EUR/PKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),FOM,13.0,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),efficiency,0.56,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),investment,117600.0,EUR/LKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,FOM,0.6345,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,efficiency,0.6963,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133) include inverter 0.98 & transformer efficiency 0.98 ","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Electrolyzer']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,investment,347170.8209,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.113 (p.135)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Electrolyzer']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,lifetime,30.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,FOM,0.5812,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,efficiency,0.4869,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133) include inverter 0.98 & transformer efficiency 0.98 ","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Fuel Cell']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,investment,379007.4464,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.113 (p.135)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Fuel Cell']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,lifetime,30.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-store,FOM,0.43,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB =(C38+C39)*0.43/4","{'carrier': ['h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-store,investment,4779.9527,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.113 (p.135)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Cavern Storage']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-store,lifetime,30.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LNG storage tank,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank with comparable requirements.",Currency year and technology year assumed based on publication date.,2019.0 -LNG storage tank,investment,666.634,EUR/m^3,"Hurskainen 2019, https://cris.vtt.fi/en/publications/liquid-organic-hydrogen-carriers-lohc-concept-evaluation-and-tech pg. 46 (59).",Currency year and technology year assumed based on publication date.,2019.0 -LNG storage tank,lifetime,20.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank with comparable requirements.",Currency year and technology year assumed based on publication date.,2019.0 -LOHC chemical,investment,2500.0,EUR/t,"Runge et al 2020, pg.7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC chemical,lifetime,20.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, pg.7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation,investment,53681.4988,EUR/MW_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",per MW H2 (LHV). For a large plant of 1000 MW capacity. Calculated based on base CAPEX of 30 MEUR for 300 t/day capacity and a scale factor of 0.6.,2015.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),FOM,3.0,%/year,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),investment,839000.0,EUR/MW_H2,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",MW of H2 LHV. For a small plant of 0.9 MW capacity.,2020.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),lifetime,20.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,electricity-input,0.004,MWh_el/t_HLOHC,Niermann et al. (2019): (https://doi.org/10.1039/C8EE02700E). 6A .,"Flow in figures shows 0.2 MW for 114 MW_HHV = 96.4326 MW_LHV = 2.89298 t hydrogen. At 5.6 wt-% effective H2 storage for loaded LOHC (H18-DBT, HLOHC), corresponds to 51.6604 t loaded LOHC .", -LOHC hydrogenation,hydrogen-input,1.867,MWh_H2/t_HLOHC,"Runge et al 2020, pg. 7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",Considering 5.6 wt-% H2 in loaded LOHC (HLOHC) and LHV of H2., -LOHC hydrogenation,investment,54243.958,EUR/MW_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",per MW H2 (LHV). For a large plant of 2000 MW capacity. Calculated based on base CAPEX of 40 MEUR for 300 t/day capacity and a scale factor of 0.6.,2015.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,lohc-input,0.944,t_LOHC/t_HLOHC,"Runge et al 2020, pg. 7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514","Loaded LOHC (H18-DBT, HLOHC) has loaded only 5.6%-wt H2 as rate of discharge is kept at ca. 90%.", -LOHC loaded DBT storage,FOM,6.25,%/year,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -LOHC loaded DBT storage,investment,151.5383,EUR/t,"Density via Wissenschaftliche Dienste des Deutschen Bundestages 2020, https://www.bundestag.de/resource/blob/816048/454e182d5956d45a664da9eb85486f76/WD-8-058-20-pdf-data.pdf , pg. 11.","Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared. Density of loaded LOHC H18-DBT is 0.91 t/m^3.",2012.0 -LOHC loaded DBT storage,lifetime,30.0,years,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -LOHC transport ship,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_LOHC,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC unloaded DBT storage,FOM,6.25,%/year,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -LOHC unloaded DBT storage,investment,134.2745,EUR/t,"Density via Wissenschaftliche Dienste des Deutschen Bundestages 2020, https://www.bundestag.de/resource/blob/816048/454e182d5956d45a664da9eb85486f76/WD-8-058-20-pdf-data.pdf , pg. 11.","Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared. Density of loaded LOHC H18-DBT is 0.91 t/m^3, density of unloaded LOHC H0-DBT is 1.04 t/m^3 but unloading is only to 90% (depth-of-discharge), assume density via linearisation of 1.027 t/m^3.",2012.0 -LOHC unloaded DBT storage,lifetime,30.0,years,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,FOM,2.4427,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,efficiency,0.8832,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.78^0.5']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,investment,128853.6139,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-store,FOM,0.2542,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['lead'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-store,investment,320631.3818,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['lead'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-store,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['lead'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),FOM,1.6,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),efficiency,0.215,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),investment,25622.0,EUR/PKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),FOM,16.6,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),efficiency,0.373,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),investment,108086.0,EUR/LKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,FOM,0.366,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,investment,475721.2289,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Figure 9 of reference roughly 80% of capital cost are power related 47%/80% of costs are required for liquefaction (charging)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,FOM,0.5212,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,efficiency,0.55,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE 0.545 assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,investment,334017.033,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, NULL","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-store,FOM,0.3208,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['lair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-store,investment,159004.771,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['lair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Liquid Air SB and BOS']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['lair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,FOM,2.1198,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,efficiency,0.9193,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.8452^0.5']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,investment,81553.4846,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,lifetime,16.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-store,FOM,0.0447,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['lfp'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-store,investment,236482.8109,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['lfp'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-store,lifetime,16.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['lfp'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,FOM,2.1198,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,efficiency,0.9193,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.8452^0.5']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,investment,81553.4846,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,lifetime,13.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-store,FOM,0.038,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['nmc'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-store,investment,269576.8493,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['nmc'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-store,lifetime,13.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['nmc'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,investment,144192.2682,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,efficiency,0.5394,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,investment,576769.073,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-store,investment,58041.2003,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_MeOH,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",,2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,investment,18016.8665,EUR/MW_H2,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.","For high temperature steam reforming plant with a capacity of 200 MW_H2 output (6t/h). Reference plant of 1 MW (30kg_H2/h) costs 150kEUR, scale factor of 0.6 assumed.",2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",,2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,methanol-input,1.201,MWh_MeOH/MWh_H2,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",Assuming per 1 t_H2 (with LHV 33.3333 MWh/t): 4.5 MWh_th and 3.2 MWh_el are required. We assume electricity can be substituted / provided with 1:1 as heat energy., -NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank.",,2010.0 -NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,investment,166.8201,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Calculated based on Morgan E. 2013: doi:10.7275/11KT-3F59 , Fig. 55, Fig 58.","Based on estimated for a double-wall liquid ammonia tank (~ambient pressure, -33°C), inner tank from stainless steel, outer tank from concrete including installations for liquefaction/condensation, boil-off gas recovery and safety installations; the necessary installations make only a small fraction of the total cost. The total cost are driven by material and working time on the tanks. -While the costs do not scale strictly linearly, we here assume they do (good approximation c.f. ref. Fig 55.) and take the costs for a 9 kt NH3 (l) tank = 8 M$2010, which is smaller 4-5x smaller than the largest deployed tanks today. -We assume an exchange rate of 1.17$ to 1 €. -The investment value is given per MWh NH3 store capacity, using the LHV of NH3 of 5.18 MWh/t.",2010.0 -NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,lifetime,20.0,years,"Morgan E. 2013: doi:10.7275/11KT-3F59 , pg. 290",,2010.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B",,2019.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,capacity,53000.0,t_NH3,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B",,2019.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,investment,81164200.0,EUR,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B",,2019.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,lifetime,20.0,years,"Guess estimated based on H2 (l) tanker, but more mature technology",,2019.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,FOM,2.1198,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['((0.75-0.87)/2)^0.5 mean value of range efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,investment,81553.4846,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) same as Li-LFP","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-store,FOM,0.2262,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-store,investment,267837.874,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-store,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -OCGT,FOM,2.087,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -OCGT,VOM,4.2329,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Variable O&M,2015.0 -OCGT,efficiency,0.415,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","52 OCGT - Natural gas: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -OCGT,investment,392.7314,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 -OCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -PEM electrolyzer small size,FOM,3.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW,2010.0 -PEM electrolyzer small size,electricity-input,1.31,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW, -PEM electrolyzer small size,investment,1080.5384,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW,2010.0 -PEM electrolyzer small size,lifetime,7.5,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`","Likely stack lifetime, rather than electrolyzer system lifetime", -PHS,FOM,1.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -PHS,efficiency,0.75,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -PHS,investment,2274.8177,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 -PHS,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,FOM,0.366,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Charger']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,investment,761782.6727,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Figure 9 of reference roughly 80% of capital cost are power related 47%/80% of costs are required for liquefaction (charging)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,lifetime,33.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,FOM,0.5212,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,efficiency,0.63,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE 0.62 assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,investment,534868.6851,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, NULL","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,lifetime,33.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-store,FOM,0.1528,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.103 (p.125)","{'carrier': ['phes'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-store,investment,11546.7963,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.92 (p.114)","{'carrier': ['phes'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Molten Salt based SB and BOS']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-store,lifetime,33.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['phes'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,FOM,0.9951,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, Figure 4.16","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,efficiency,0.8944,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.8^0.5']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,investment,1397128.4612,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Powerhouse Construction & Infrastructure']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-store,FOM,0.43,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['phs'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-store,investment,57074.0625,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['phs'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Reservoir Construction & Infrastructure']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['phs'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -SMR,FOM,5.0,%/year,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR,efficiency,0.76,per unit (in LHV),"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SMR,investment,522201.0492,EUR/MW_CH4,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR,lifetime,30.0,years,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SMR CC,FOM,5.0,%/year,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR CC,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",wide range: capture rates between 54%-90%, -SMR CC,efficiency,0.69,per unit (in LHV),"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SMR CC,investment,605753.2171,EUR/MW_CH4,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR CC,lifetime,30.0,years,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SOEC,FOM,4.0,%/year,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,US-based assumptions for a Conservative cost scenario,2022.0 -SOEC,electricity-input,1.17,MWh_el/MWh_H2,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,, -SOEC,investment,2188.8138,USD/kW,"ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions, https://theicct.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/fuels-eu-cost-renew-H-produced-onsite-H-refueling-stations-europe-feb22.pdf adjusted according to DOE observations https://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/docs/hydrogenprogramlibraries/pdfs/24005-clean-hydrogen-production-cost-pem-electrolyzer.pdf?sfvrsn=8cb10889_1#:~:text=This%20Record%20shows%20that%20the,factors%20of%2050%2D75%25",US-based assumptions for a Conservative cost scenario,2022.0 -SOEC,lifetime,30.0,years,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,, -Sand-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Sand-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Sand-charger,investment,144192.2682,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Sand-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,efficiency,0.53,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,investment,576769.073,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Sand-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['sand'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Sand-store,investment,6700.8517,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.100 (p.122)","{'carrier': ['sand'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -Sand-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['sand'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Steam methane reforming,FOM,3.0,%/year,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW).,2015.0 -Steam methane reforming,investment,497454.611,EUR/MW_H2,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW). Currency conversion 1.17 USD = 1 EUR.,2015.0 -Steam methane reforming,lifetime,30.0,years,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW).,2015.0 -Steam methane reforming,methane-input,1.483,MWh_CH4/MWh_H2,"Keipi et al (2018): Economic analysis of hydrogen production by methane thermal decomposition (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2017.12.063), table 2.","Large scale SMR plant producing 2.5 kg/s H2 output (assuming 33.3333 MWh/t H2 LHV), with 6.9 kg/s CH4 input (feedstock) and 2 kg/s CH4 input (energy). Neglecting water consumption.", -"Tank&bulk, diesel",efficiency,0.462,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, diesel",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, diesel",investment,35129312.4041,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, diesel",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, diesel",lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, diesel",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, methanol",efficiency,0.4695,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, methanol",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, methanol",investment,36007545.2142,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, methanol",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, methanol",lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, methanol",2023.0 -"Tankbulk, ammonia",efficiency,0.471,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tankbulk, ammonia",2023.0 -"Tankbulk, ammonia",investment,36885778.0243,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tankbulk, ammonia",2023.0 -"Tankbulk, ammonia",lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tankbulk, ammonia",2023.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,FOM,2.4395,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,efficiency,0.8062,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.65^0.5']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,investment,129023.0526,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-store,FOM,0.2345,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['vanadium'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-store,investment,258072.8586,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['vanadium'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-store,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['vanadium'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,FOM,2.4395,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,efficiency,0.7937,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.25 ","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['(0.63)^0.5 efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,investment,129023.0526,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,lifetime,25.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-store,FOM,0.1654,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-store,investment,174388.0144,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.48 (p.70) text below Table 4.12","{'carrier': ['znair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-store,lifetime,25.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['znair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,FOM,2.1198,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,efficiency,0.8307,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.25 ","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['(0.69)^0.5 efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,investment,81553.4846,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,lifetime,10.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.27","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-store,FOM,0.2576,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znbrflow'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-store,investment,412306.5947,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['znbrflow'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-store,lifetime,10.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.27","{'carrier': ['znbrflow'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,FOM,2.4395,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,efficiency,0.8888,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.25","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': [' (0.79)^0.5 efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,investment,129023.0526,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,FOM,0.2244,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,investment,239220.5823,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -air separation unit,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -air separation unit,electricity-input,0.25,MWh_el/t_N2,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), p.288.","For consistency reasons use value from Danish Energy Agency. DEA also reports range of values (0.2-0.4 MWh/t_N2) on pg. 288. Other efficienices reported are even higher, e.g. 0.11 Mwh/t_N2 from Morgan (2013): Techno-Economic Feasibility Study of Ammonia Plants Powered by Offshore Wind .", -air separation unit,investment,453316.5018,EUR/t_N2/h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 -air separation unit,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -allam,VOM,2.0,EUR/MWh,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -allam,efficiency,0.6,p.u.,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -allam,investment,1500.0,EUR/kW,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -allam,lifetime,30.0,years,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,FOM,5.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.99,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",CO2 volume captured / (Stream flowrate * Max. capacity utilization * CO2 in exhaust * 8760),2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.1,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,investment,929753.03,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 41 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 389000 t/year",2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -battery inverter,FOM,0.1941,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -battery inverter,efficiency,0.96,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2020.0 -battery inverter,investment,271.167,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2020.0 -battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -battery storage,investment,208.4264,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2020.0 -battery storage,lifetime,32.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,FOM,100.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,VOM,160.0417,EUR/MWh_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-biochar,1.0,MWh_biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency biochar",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-heat,3.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency heat",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,investment,160041.7,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.144,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0 -biodiesel crops,fuel,137.5968,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIORPS1 (rape seed), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -bioethanol crops,CO2 intensity,0.1289,tCO2/MWh_th,,"CO2 released during fermentation of bioethanol crops, based on stochiometric composition: C6H12O6 -> 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2 , i.e. 1 kg ethanol → ~0.956 kg CO₂ (from fermentation) → 0.1289 tCO₂/MWh (with LHV = 26.7 MJ/kg).", -bioethanol crops,fuel,84.2795,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOCRP11 (Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -biogas,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 -biogas,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biogas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, -biogas,fuel,62.4351,EUR/MWhth,JRC and Zappa, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biogas,investment,1147.5302,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 -biogas,lifetime,17.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biogas CC,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas CC,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 -biogas CC,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biogas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, -biogas CC,investment,1147.5302,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 -biogas CC,lifetime,17.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biogas manure,fuel,19.8729,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOGAS1 (manure), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,FOM,66.5355,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,VOM,2.7755,EUR/MWh_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Variable O&M,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,investment,748.2082,EUR/kW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Specific investment,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -biogas upgrading,FOM,17.0397,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Fixed O&M ",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,VOM,4.6251,EUR/MWh output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Variable O&M",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,investment,214.4771,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: investment (upgrading, methane redution and grid injection)",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,lifetime,17.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biomass,FOM,4.5269,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,efficiency,0.468,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,fuel,7.4076,EUR/MWhth,IEA2011b, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,investment,2337.6116,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,lifetime,30.0,years,ECF2010 in DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass CHP,FOM,3.5091,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass CHP,VOM,1.8675,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -biomass CHP,c_b,0.4494,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -biomass CHP,efficiency,0.3547,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7196,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass CHP,investment,3030.7019,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -biomass CHP,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,capture_rate,0.91,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-electricity-input,0.085,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-heat-output,0.14,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,electricity-input,0.0235,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-input,0.6915,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-output,0.6915,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,investment,2450000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass EOP,FOM,3.5091,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass EOP,VOM,1.8675,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -biomass EOP,c_b,0.4494,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -biomass EOP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -biomass EOP,efficiency,0.3547,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass EOP,efficiency-heat,0.7196,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass EOP,investment,3030.7019,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -biomass EOP,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass HOP,FOM,5.5737,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Fixed O&M, heat output",2015.0 -biomass HOP,VOM,2.629,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Variable O&M heat output,2015.0 -biomass HOP,efficiency,1.0362,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass HOP,investment,793.6099,EUR/kW_th - heat output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Nominal investment ,2015.0 -biomass HOP,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -biomass boiler,FOM,9.8761,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass boiler,efficiency,0.8876,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -biomass boiler,investment,518.9249,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Specific investment",2015.0 -biomass boiler,lifetime,22.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass boiler,pelletizing cost,9.0,EUR/MWh_pellets,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.109506,,2019.0 -biomass-to-methanol,C in fuel,0.5348,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,C stored,0.4652,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,CO2 stored,0.1706,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,FOM,15.8207,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,VOM,11.3275,EUR/MWh_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Variable O&M,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency,0.79,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Methanol Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-electricity,0.41,MWh_e/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Electricity Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-heat,0.51,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: District heat Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,investment,3221.0562,EUR/kW_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Specific investment,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,FOM,14.18,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",123.67 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘BF-BOF’.,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,coal-input,1.43,MWh_coal/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15). ","Based on process ‘Avg BF-BOF` using 195 kg_PCI/t_HM (PCI = Pulverized Coal Injected; HM = Hot Metal) as substitute for coke, 24 MJ/kg as LHV for coal and 1 : 1.1 as HM-to-steel ratio.",2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15).",,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,investment,7637406.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",871.85 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘Avg BF-BOF’.,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15).",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,ore-input,1.539,t_ore/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",Based on process ‘Avg BF-BOF`,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,scrap-input,0.051,t_scrap/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",Based on process ‘Avg BF-BOF`,2020.0 -cement capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,capture_rate,0.91,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,compression-electricity-input,0.085,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,compression-heat-output,0.14,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,electricity-input,0.02,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,heat-input,0.6915,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,heat-output,1.475,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,investment,2200000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,FOM,7.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",CO2 volume captured / (Stream flowrate * Max. capacity utilization * CO2 in exhaust * 8760),2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,investment,2587727.173,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 247 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 842000 t/year",2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement dry clinker,FOM,4.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,VOM,5.2911,EUR/t_clinker,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,electricity-input,0.0694,MWh_el/t_clinker,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original values 0.25 PJ per Mt clinker,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,gas-input,0.0002,MWh_NG/t_clinker,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original values 0.0058 PJ per Mt clinker,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,heat-input,0.9444,MWh_th/t_CO2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original values 3.4 PJ per Mt clinker,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,investment,1158752.6816,EUR/t_clinker/h,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original value 125 EUR/t/year,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,lifetime,30.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement finishing,FOM,30.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement finishing,VOM,3.1747,EUR/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement finishing,clinker-input,0.656,t_cl/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND_Trans.xlsx`, Sheet `IND_Trans` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer),2015.0 -cement finishing,electricity-input,0.1736,MWh_el/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND_Trans.xlsx`, Sheet `IND_Trans` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer) with original value 0.6251 PJ per Mt cement.,2015.0 -cement finishing,investment,92700.2145,EUR/t_cement/h,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original value 10 EUR/t/year,2015.0 -cement finishing,lifetime,25.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer),2015.0 -cement finishing,slag-input,0.194,t_slag/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND_Trans.xlsx`, Sheet `IND_Trans` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer),2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.1855,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.3175,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.3,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Total efficiency, net, name plate",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,investment,855.76,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,32.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central coal CHP,FOM,1.6316,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central coal CHP,VOM,2.9751,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central coal CHP,c_b,0.84,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -central coal CHP,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cv coefficient,2015.0 -central coal CHP,efficiency,0.51,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","01 Coal CHP: Electricity efficiency, condensation mode, net",2015.0 -central coal CHP,investment,1949.1778,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central coal CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.2628,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.7884,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,efficiency,5.4,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,investment,604.0659,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,lifetime,32.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas CHP,FOM,3.9894,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP,VOM,3.9154,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP,c_b,0.88,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central gas CHP,c_v,0.17,per unit,DEA (loss of fuel for additional heat), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central gas CHP,efficiency,0.41,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central gas CHP,investment,497.3642,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central gas CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,FOM,3.9894,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,VOM,3.9154,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,c_b,0.88,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,efficiency,0.41,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,investment,497.3642,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas boiler,FOM,3.1053,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central gas boiler,VOM,0.8995,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central gas boiler,efficiency,1.045,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","44 Natural Gas DH Only: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central gas boiler,investment,50.2655,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central gas boiler,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,FOM,1.0365,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,VOM,4.7068,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,investment,2297.2078,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.3112,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.2603,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,1.755,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,investment,510.0628,EUR/kW_th excluding drive energy,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,27.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,FOM,5.8333,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,efficiency,0.515,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,investment,952.3995,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central resistive heater,FOM,2.1889,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central resistive heater,VOM,0.7408,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central resistive heater,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","41 Electric Boilers: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central resistive heater,investment,47.62,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Nominal investment; 10/15 kV; >10 MW,2015.0 -central resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central solar thermal,FOM,1.4,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solar thermal,investment,148151.0278,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,FOM,2.8369,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,VOM,4.0155,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,c_b,0.3402,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency,0.3245,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.8378,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,investment,3189.2895,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,FOM,2.8369,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,VOM,4.0155,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_b,0.3402,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency,0.3245,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.8378,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,investment,4560.1967,EUR/kW_e,Combination of central solid biomass CHP CC and solid biomass boiler steam,,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,FOM,2.8369,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,VOM,4.0155,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_b,0.3402,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency,0.3245,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency-heat,0.8378,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,investment,3189.2895,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central water pit charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2020.0 -central water pit discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2020.0 -central water pit storage,Bottom storage temperature,35.0,⁰C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Typical bottom storage temperature,2020.0 -central water pit storage,FOM,0.2769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -central water pit storage,Top storage temperature,90.0,⁰C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Typical max. storage temperature,2020.0 -central water pit storage,energy to power ratio,150.0,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2020.0 -central water pit storage,investment,0.9029,EUR/kWh Capacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Specific investment,2020.0 -central water pit storage,lifetime,35.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -central water pit storage,standing losses,0.0058,%/hour,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Energy losses during storage,2020.0 -central water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2020.0 -central water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2020.0 -central water tank storage,FOM,1.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central water tank storage,energy to power ratio,59.4595,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2020.0 -central water tank storage,investment,2.6236,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Specific investment,2020.0 -central water tank storage,lifetime,45.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -central water tank storage,standing losses,0.0068,%/hour,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Energy losses during storage,2020.0 -central water tank storage,temperature difference,42.5,"hot/cold, K","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Typical temperature difference,2020.0 -clean water tank storage,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0 -clean water tank storage,investment,69.1286,EUR/m^3-H2O,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0 -clean water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",, -coal,CO2 intensity,0.3361,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid-Emissionen des deutschen Strommix in den Jahren 1990 - 2018,, -coal,FOM,1.31,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100.",2023.0 -coal,VOM,3.2612,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3+5.5)USD/MWh_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR).",2023.0 -coal,efficiency,0.356,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. 1 / ((8.75+12) MMbtu/MWh_th /2 / (3.4095 MMbtu/MWh_th)), rounded up.",2023.0 -coal,fuel,9.5542,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on IEA 2011 data, 99 USD/t.",2010.0 -coal,investment,3827.1629,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Higher costs include coal plants with CCS, but since using here for calculating the average nevertheless. Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3200+6775) USD/kW_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR).",2023.0 -coal,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 -csp-tower,FOM,1.2,%/year,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power),Ratio between CAPEX and FOM from ATB database for “moderate” scenario.,2020.0 -csp-tower,investment,104.17,"EUR/kW_th,dp",ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include solar field and solar tower as well as EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant). Total costs (223,708,924 USD) are divided by active area (heliostat reflective area, 1,269,054 m2) and multiplied by design point DNI (0.95 kW/m2) to obtain EUR/kW_th. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR.",2020.0 -csp-tower,lifetime,30.0,years,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power),-,2020.0 -csp-tower TES,FOM,1.2,%/year,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -csp-tower TES,investment,13.955,EUR/kWh_th,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include the TES incl. EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant, 2.791 MW_th TES). Total costs (69390776.7 USD) are divided by TES size to obtain EUR/kW_th. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR.",2020.0 -csp-tower TES,lifetime,30.0,years,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -csp-tower power block,FOM,1.2,%/year,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -csp-tower power block,investment,729.755,EUR/kW_e,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include the power cycle incl. BOP and EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant). Total costs (135185685.5 USD) are divided by power block nameplate capacity size to obtain EUR/kW_e. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR.",2020.0 -csp-tower power block,lifetime,30.0,years,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -decentral CHP,FOM,3.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral CHP,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral CHP,investment,1481.5103,EUR/kWel,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,FOM,3.0262,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.7,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.3 Air to water existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,1086.4409,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,19.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,FOM,6.1422,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,efficiency,0.995,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","202 Natural gas boiler: Total efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,investment,396.5365,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,lifetime,22.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler connection,investment,208.152,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Possible additional specific investment,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler connection,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,1.8641,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,4.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.7 Ground source existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,1763.7027,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,22.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,FOM,2.0,%/year,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,investment,165.0975,EUR/kWth,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf) (+eigene Berechnung), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,FOM,2.0,%/year,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,investment,105.8222,EUR/kWhth,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,FOM,1.3,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,investment,285719.8393,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2020.0 -decentral water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,FOM,1.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,VOM,0.3584,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Variable O&M,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,energy to power ratio,0.1667,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,investment,471.0649,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Specific investment,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,standing losses,2.3,%/hour,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Energy losses during storage,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,temperature difference,30.0,"hot/cold, K","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Typical temperature difference,2020.0 -digestible biomass,fuel,17.0611,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOAGRW1, ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0 -digestible biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -digestible biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -digestible biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.39,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, -digestible biomass to hydrogen,investment,3442.6595,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -direct air capture,FOM,4.95,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,compression-electricity-input,0.15,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,compression-heat-output,0.2,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,electricity-input,0.4,MWh_el/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","0.4 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 0.182 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019). Should already include electricity for water scrubbing and compression (high quality CO2 output).",2020.0 -direct air capture,heat-input,1.6,MWh_th/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","Thermal energy demand. Provided via air-sourced heat pumps. 1.6 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 1.102 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019).",2020.0 -direct air capture,heat-output,0.975,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,investment,5000000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct firing gas,FOM,1.1212,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas,VOM,0.2832,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing gas,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing gas,lifetime,17.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,FOM,1.1212,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,VOM,0.2832,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,lifetime,17.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,FOM,1.4773,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,VOM,0.3314,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,lifetime,17.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,FOM,1.4773,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,VOM,0.3314,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,lifetime,17.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Based on https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/capesize-freight-returns-below-operating-expense-levels-but-shipowners-reject-lay-ups/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","5000 USD/d OPEX, exchange rate: 1.15 USD = 1 EUR; absolute value calculate relative to investment cost.",2020.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,capacity,180000.0,t,-,"DWT; corresponds to size of Capesize bulk carriers which have previously docked at the habour in Hamburg, Germany. Short of 200 kt limit for VLBCs.",2020.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,investment,40000000.0,EUR,"Based on https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/dry-bulk-carriers-in-high-demand-as-rates-keep-rallying/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","See figure for ‘Dry Bulk Newbuild Prices’, Capesize at end of 2020. Exchange rate: 1.15 USD = 1 EUR.",2020.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,lifetime,25.0,years,"Based on https://mfame.guru/fall-life-expectancy-bulk-carriers/, accessed: 2022-12-03.",Expected lifetime.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,FOM,30.0,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","EAF has high OPEX of 62.99 EUR/year/t_steel, presumably because of electrode corrosion.",2020.0 -electric arc furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,electricity-input,0.6395,MWh_el/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘EAF’. ,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,hbi-input,1.0,t_hbi/t_steel,-,Assume HBI instead of scrap as input.Scrap would require higher input (in tonnes) as steel content is lower.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,investment,1839600.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",210 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘EAF’.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,FOM,30.0,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","EAF has high OPEX of 62.99 EUR/year/t_steel, presumably because of electrode corrosion.",2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,electricity-input,0.6395,MWh_el/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘EAF’. ,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,hbi-input,0.37,t_hbi/t_steel,"World Steel Association, Fact Sheet – Steel and raw materials: https://worldsteel.org/wp-content/uploads/Fact-sheet-raw-materials-2023-1.pdf, Accessed 2024-04-17.",Assume HBI instead of scrap as input.Scrap would require higher input (in tonnes) as steel content is lower.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,investment,1839600.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",210 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘EAF’.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,scrap-input,0.71,t_scrap/t_steel,"World Steel Association, Fact Sheet – Steel and raw materials: https://worldsteel.org/wp-content/uploads/Fact-sheet-raw-materials-2023-1.pdf, Accessed 2024-04-17.",,2020.0 -electric boiler steam,FOM,1.3267,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Fixed O&M,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,VOM,0.8283,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Variable O&M,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","310.1 Electric boiler steam : Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -electric boiler steam,investment,75.525,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Nominal investment,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Technical lifetime,2019.0 -electric steam cracker,FOM,3.0,%/year,Guesstimate,,2015.0 -electric steam cracker,VOM,190.4799,EUR/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",,2015.0 -electric steam cracker,carbondioxide-output,0.55,t_CO2/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), ",The report also references another source with 0.76 t_CO2/t_HVC, -electric steam cracker,electricity-input,2.7,MWh_el/t_HVC,"Lechtenböhmer et al. (2016): 10.1016/j.energy.2016.07.110, Section 4.3, page 6.",Assuming electrified processing., -electric steam cracker,investment,11124025.7434,EUR/(t_HVC/h),"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",Assuming CAPEX of 1200 €/t actually given in €/(t/a).,2015.0 -electric steam cracker,lifetime,30.0,years,Guesstimate,, -electric steam cracker,naphtha-input,14.8,MWh_naphtha/t_HVC,"Lechtenböhmer et al. (2016): 10.1016/j.energy.2016.07.110, Section 4.3, page 6.",, -electricity distribution grid,FOM,2.0,%/year,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity distribution grid,investment,529.1108,EUR/kW,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity distribution grid,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity grid connection,FOM,2.0,%/year,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity grid connection,investment,148.151,EUR/kW,DEA, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity grid connection,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electrobiofuels,C in fuel,0.9281,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,FOM,16.8123,%/year,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2015.0 -electrobiofuels,VOM,3.2207,EUR/MWh_th,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2017.0 -electrobiofuels,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -electrobiofuels,efficiency-biomass,1.3233,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,efficiency-hydrogen,1.2339,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,efficiency-tot,0.6385,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,investment,428759.8057,EUR/kW_th,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2017.0 -electrolysis,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 -electrolysis,efficiency,0.5639,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 -electrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.2922,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 -electrolysis,investment,1350.0,EUR/kW_e,private communications; IEA https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/9e0c82d4-06d2-496b-9542-f184ba803645/TheRoleofE-fuelsinDecarbonisingTransport.pdf,,2020.0 -electrolysis,lifetime,22.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -electrolysis small,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 -electrolysis small,efficiency,0.5639,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 -electrolysis small,efficiency-heat,0.2922,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 -electrolysis small,investment,2087.5,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Specific investment,2020.0 -electrolysis small,lifetime,22.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Technical lifetime of plant,2020.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,FOM,7.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.94,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.12,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,investment,928559.735,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 36 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 342000 t/year",2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol from starch crop,FOM,16.4,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original values FIXOM in MEUR/GW divided by INVCOST for the corresponding year",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,VOM,26.3497,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value 6.93 MEUR/PJ VAROM",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,efficiency,0.58,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production. Converted from 0.35 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,investment,603376.8073,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for USA and European production,2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,FOM,19.51,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original values FIXOM in MEUR/GW divided by INVCOST for the corresponding year",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,VOM,23.1751,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production, original value 6.09 MEUR/PJ VAROM",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,efficiency,0.45,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production. Converted from 0.292 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,investment,446537.78,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for Brazilian production,2015.0 -fuel cell,FOM,5.8333,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -fuel cell,efficiency,0.515,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -fuel cell,investment,952.3995,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -fuelwood,fuel,13.8577,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOO (FuelwoodRW), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -gas,CO2 intensity,0.198,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 50 GJ/t CH4,, -gas,fuel,24.568,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -gas boiler steam,FOM,3.7,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,VOM,1.0574,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.94,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -gas boiler steam,investment,50.35,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,lifetime,27.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -gas storage,FOM,0.5368,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",150 Underground Storage of Gas: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -gas storage,investment,0.2366,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",150 Underground Storage of Gas: Specific investment,2020.0 -gas storage,lifetime,100.0,years,TODO no source,"150 Underground Storage of Gas: estimation: most underground storage are already built, they do have a long lifetime",2020.0 -gas storage charger,investment,15.2479,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",,2020.0 -gas storage discharger,investment,5.0826,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",,2020.0 -geothermal,CO2 intensity,0.12,tCO2/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",Likely to be improved; Average of 85 percent of global egs power plant capacity; Result of fluid circulation through rock formations,2020.0 -geothermal,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",See Supplemental Material of source for details,2020.0 -geothermal,district heat surcharge,25.0,%,Frey et al. 2022: Techno-Economic Assessment of Geothermal Resources in the Variscan Basement of the Northern Upper Rhine Graben,"If capital cost of electric generation from EGS is 100%, district heating adds additional 25%. Costs incurred by piping.",2020.0 -geothermal,district heat-input,0.8,MWh_thdh/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, District Heat-output. This is an assessment of typical heat losses when heat is transmitted from the EGS plant to the DH network, This is a rough estimate, depends on local conditions",2020.0 -geothermal,lifetime,30.0,years,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",,2020.0 -helmeth,FOM,3.0,%/year,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -helmeth,efficiency,0.8,per unit,HELMETH press release, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -helmeth,investment,2116.4433,EUR/kW,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -helmeth,lifetime,25.0,years,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -home battery inverter,FOM,0.1941,%/year,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -home battery inverter,efficiency,0.96,per unit,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2020.0 -home battery inverter,investment,389.1749,EUR/kW,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2020.0 -home battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -home battery storage,investment,299.7156,EUR/kWh,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2020.0 -home battery storage,lifetime,32.5,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -hydro,FOM,1.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -hydro,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -hydro,investment,2274.8177,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 -hydro,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,FOM,11.3,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","55.28 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ OPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15).",,2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,electricity-input,1.03,MWh_el/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ reduced by electricity demand of process ‘EAF’.,2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,hydrogen-input,2.1,MWh_H2/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2022-12-05). ","63 kg H2/t steel for process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ according to documentation (raw input files for MPP model list 73 kg H2 / t steel, which seems to high and is probably incorrect).",2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,investment,4277858.0,EUR/t_HBI/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","488.34 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ CAPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,ore-input,1.59,t_ore/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03). ",Based on process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’.,2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,compression-electricity-input,0.05,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.",1.707 kWh/kg.,2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,investment,87.69,EUR/kW_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.","2923 EUR/kg_H2. For a 206 kg/h compressor. Base CAPEX 40 528 EUR/kW_el with scale factor 0.4603. kg_H2 converted to MWh using LHV. Pressure range: 30 bar in, 250 bar out.",2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,lifetime,15.0,years,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,investment,13.5,EUR/kWh_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.","450 EUR/kg_H2 converted with LHV to MWh. For a type 1 hydrogen storage tank (steel, 15-250 bar). Currency year assumed 2020 for initial publication of reference; observe note in SI.4.3 that no currency year is explicitly stated in the reference.",2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,lifetime,20.0,years,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,min_fill_level,6.0,%,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,FOM,1.1538,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,investment,41.4726,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Specific investment,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,lifetime,27.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,FOM,0.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,VOM,0.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Variable O&M,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,investment,2.5522,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Specific investment,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,lifetime,100.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,FOM,0.0896,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,VOM,3.2123,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Variable O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,efficiency,3.2375,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,investment,949.319,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Nominal investment,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,FOM,0.1076,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,VOM,3.2123,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Variable O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,efficiency,2.845,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,investment,791.0992,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -iron ore DRI-ready,commodity,97.73,EUR/t,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://missionpossiblepartnership.org/action-sectors/steel/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","DRI ready assumes 65% iron content, requiring no additional benefication.",2020.0 -iron-air battery,FOM,1.1063,%/year,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery,investment,12.6382,EUR/kWh,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery,lifetime,17.5,years,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery charge,efficiency,0.73,per unit,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery discharge,efficiency,0.62,per unit,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -lignite,CO2 intensity,0.4069,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid-Emissionen des deutschen Strommix in den Jahren 1990 - 2018,, -lignite,FOM,1.31,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,VOM,3.2612,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3+5.5)USD/MWh_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR). Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,efficiency,0.33,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. 1 / ((8.75+12) MMbtu/MWh_th /2 / (3.4095 MMbtu/MWh_th)), rounded up. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,fuel,3.2985,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on IEA 2011 data, 10 USD/t.",2010.0 -lignite,investment,3827.1629,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Higher costs include coal plants with CCS, but since using here for calculating the average nevertheless. Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3200+6775) USD/kW_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR). Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf .",2023.0 -lignite,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -methanation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.2.3.1",,2017.0 -methanation,carbondioxide-input,0.198,t_CO2/MWh_CH4,"Götz et al. (2016): Renewable Power-to-Gas: A technological and economic review (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2015.07.066), Fig. 11 .",Additional H2 required for methanation process (2x H2 amount compared to stochiometric conversion)., -methanation,efficiency,0.8,per unit,Palzer and Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -methanation,hydrogen-input,1.282,MWh_H2/MWh_CH4,,Based on ideal conversion process of stochiometric composition (1 t CH4 contains 750 kg of carbon)., -methanation,investment,639.7986,EUR/kW_CH4,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 6: “Reference scenario”.",,2017.0 -methanation,lifetime,20.0,years,Guesstimate.,"Based on lifetime for methanolisation, Fischer-Tropsch plants.",2017.0 -methane storage tank incl. compressor,FOM,1.9,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor by DEA.",Based on assumptions for hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor (by DEA).,2014.0 -methane storage tank incl. compressor,investment,8961.5075,EUR/m^3,Storage costs per l: https://www.compositesworld.com/articles/pressure-vessels-for-alternative-fuels-2014-2023 (2021-02-10).,"Assume 5USD/l (= 4.23 EUR/l at 1.17 USD/EUR exchange rate) for type 1 pressure vessel for 200 bar storage and 100% surplus costs for including compressor costs with storage, based on similar assumptions by DEA for compressed hydrogen storage tanks.",2014.0 -methane storage tank incl. compressor,lifetime,30.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor by DEA.",Based on assumptions for hydrogen storage tank 1 including compressor (by DEA).,2014.0 -methanol,CO2 intensity,0.2482,tCO2/MWh_th,,, -methanol-to-kerosene,FOM,4.5,%/year,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",,2020.0 -methanol-to-kerosene,VOM,1.35,EUR/MWh_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",,2020.0 -methanol-to-kerosene,hydrogen-input,0.0279,MWh_H2/MWh_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 6.","Assuming LHV 11.94 kWh/kg for kerosene, 5.54 kWh/kg for methanol, 33.3 kWh/kg for hydrogen.", -methanol-to-kerosene,investment,251750.0,EUR/MW_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",,2020.0 -methanol-to-kerosene,lifetime,30.0,years,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",, -methanol-to-kerosene,methanol-input,1.0764,MWh_MeOH/MWh_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 6.","Assuming LHV 11.94 kWh/kg for kerosene, 5.54 kWh/kg for methanol, 33.3 kWh/kg for hydrogen.", -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,FOM,3.0,%/year,Guesstimate,same as steam cracker,2015.0 -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,VOM,31.7466,EUR/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35", ,2015.0 -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,carbondioxide-output,0.6107,t_CO2/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Sections 4.5 (for ethylene and propylene) and 4.6 (for BTX)","Weighted average: 0.4 t_MeOH/t_ethylene+propylene for 21.7 Mt of ethylene and 17 Mt of propylene, 1.13 t_CO2/t_BTX for 15.7 Mt of BTX. The report also references process emissions of 0.55 t_MeOH/t_ethylene+propylene elsewhere. ", -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,electricity-input,1.3889,MWh_el/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), page 69",5 GJ/t_HVC , -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,investment,2781006.4359,EUR/(t_HVC/h),"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",Assuming CAPEX of 1200 €/t actually given in €/(t/a).,2015.0 -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,lifetime,30.0,years,Guesstimate,same as steam cracker, -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,methanol-input,18.03,MWh_MeOH/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Sections 4.5 (for ethylene and propylene) and 4.6 (for BTX)","Weighted average: 2.83 t_MeOH/t_ethylene+propylene for 21.7 Mt of ethylene and 17 Mt of propylene, 4.2 t_MeOH/t_BTX for 15.7 Mt of BTX. Assuming 5.54 MWh_MeOH/t_MeOH. ", -methanolisation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.1.",,2017.0 -methanolisation,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -methanolisation,carbondioxide-input,0.248,t_CO2/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 66.",, -methanolisation,electricity-input,0.271,MWh_e/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 65.",, -methanolisation,heat-output,0.1,MWh_th/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 65.",steam generation of 2 GJ/t_MeOH, -methanolisation,hydrogen-input,1.138,MWh_H2/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 64.",189 kg_H2 per t_MeOH, -methanolisation,investment,657729.5552,EUR/MW_MeOH,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 8: “Reference scenario”.","Well developed technology, no significant learning expected.",2017.0 -methanolisation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (04/2022), Data sheet “Methanol to Power”.",,2017.0 -micro CHP,FOM,6.1765,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -micro CHP,efficiency,0.3705,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Electric efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -micro CHP,efficiency-heat,0.604,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -micro CHP,investment,7467.3704,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 -micro CHP,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,FOM,11.3,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,gas-input,2.78,MWh_NG/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",Original value 10 GJ/t_DRI.,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,investment,4277858.0,EUR/t_HBI/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.","488.34 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ CAPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,ore-input,1.59,t_ore/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",, -nuclear,FOM,1.27,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (131.5+152.75)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) relative to investment costs.",2023.0 -nuclear,VOM,3.5464,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (4.25+5)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 -nuclear,efficiency,0.326,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on heat rate of 10.45 MMBtu/MWh_e and 3.4095 MMBtu/MWh_th, i.e. 1/(10.45/3.4095) = 0.3260.",2023.0 -nuclear,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -nuclear,investment,8594.1354,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (8475+13925)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 -nuclear,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 -offwind,FOM,2.1079,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Fixed O&M [EUR/MW_e/y, 2020]",2020.0 -offwind,VOM,0.0212,EUR/MWhel,RES costs made up to fix curtailment order, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind,investment,1773.1224,"EUR/kW_e, 2020","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Nominal investment [MEUR/MW_e, 2020] grid connection costs subtracted from investment costs",2020.0 -offwind,lifetime,31.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2841.3251,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,1420.1334,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-ac-station,investment,264.5554,EUR/kWel,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2116.4433,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,1058.2216,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017; average + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-station,investment,423.2887,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017; assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-float,FOM,1.185,%/year,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0 -offwind-float,investment,2155.0,EUR/kWel,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0 -offwind-float,lifetime,20.0,years,C. Maienza 2020 A life cycle cost model for floating offshore wind farms,,2020.0 -offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2118.5597,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf,,2014.0 -offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,1039.4778,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017, average + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 -offwind-float-station,investment,415.7911,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017, assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 -oil,CO2 intensity,0.2571,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 44 GJ/t diesel and -CH2- approximation of diesel,, -oil,FOM,2.9222,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -oil,VOM,4.5504,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0 -oil,efficiency,0.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","50 Diesel engine farm: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -oil,fuel,52.9111,EUR/MWhth,IEA WEM2017 97USD/boe = http://www.iea.org/media/weowebsite/2017/WEM_Documentation_WEO2017.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -oil,investment,305.9319,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Specific investment,2015.0 -oil,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -onwind,FOM,1.2052,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -onwind,VOM,1.308,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Variable O&M,2015.0 -onwind,investment,1012.9033,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Nominal investment ,2015.0 -onwind,lifetime,33.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -organic rankine cycle,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551","Both for flash, binary and ORC plants. See Supplemental Material for details",2020.0 -organic rankine cycle,electricity-input,0.12,MWh_el/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, Electricity-output. This is a rough estimate, depends on input temperature, implies ~150 C.",2020.0 -organic rankine cycle,investment,1376.0,EUR/kW_el,Tartiere and Astolfi 2017: A world overview of the organic Rankine cycle market,"Low rollout complicates the estimation, compounded by a dependence both on plant size and temperature, converted from 1500 USD/kW using currency conversion 1.09 USD = 1 EUR.",2020.0 -organic rankine cycle,lifetime,30.0,years,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",,2020.0 -ror,FOM,2.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -ror,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -ror,investment,3412.2266,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 -ror,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -seawater RO desalination,electricity-input,0.003,MWHh_el/t_H2O,"Caldera et al. (2016): Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Fig. 4.",Desalination using SWRO. Assume medium salinity of 35 Practical Salinity Units (PSUs) = 35 kg/m^3., -seawater desalination,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2015.0 -seawater desalination,electricity-input,3.0348,kWh/m^3-H2O,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Fig. 4.",, -seawater desalination,investment,31312.5066,EUR/(m^3-H2O/h),"Caldera et al 2017: Learning Curve for Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination Plants: Capital Cost Trend of the Past, Present, and Future (https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR021402), Table 4.",,2015.0 -seawater desalination,lifetime,30.0,years,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",, -shipping fuel methanol,CO2 intensity,0.2482,tCO2/MWh_th,-,Based on stochiometric composition.,2020.0 -shipping fuel methanol,fuel,72.0,EUR/MWh_th,"Based on (source 1) Hampp et al (2022), https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.01092, and (source 2): https://www.methanol.org/methanol-price-supply-demand/; both accessed: 2022-12-03.",400 EUR/t assuming range roughly in the long-term range for green methanol (source 1) and late 2020+beyond values for grey methanol (source 2).,2020.0 -solar,FOM,1.75,%/year,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop' and 50% 'solar-utility',2020.0 -solar,VOM,0.0106,EUR/MWhel,RES costs made up to fix curtailment order, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -solar,investment,580.6849,EUR/kW_e,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop' and 50% 'solar-utility',2020.0 -solar,lifetime,37.5,years,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop' and 50% 'solar-utility',2020.0 -solar-rooftop,FOM,1.3058,%/year,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop,discount rate,0.04,per unit,standard for decentral, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -solar-rooftop,investment,753.4584,EUR/kW_e,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop,lifetime,37.5,years,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,FOM,1.4062,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,investment,615.1325,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,lifetime,37.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,FOM,1.2054,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,investment,891.7843,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,lifetime,37.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-utility,FOM,2.1941,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-utility,investment,407.9114,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-utility,lifetime,37.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,FOM,2.1437,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,investment,471.1554,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,lifetime,37.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solid biomass,CO2 intensity,0.3667,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 18 GJ/t_DM LHV and 50% C-content for solid biomass,, -solid biomass,fuel,13.6489,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOOW1 (secondary forest residue wood chips), ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,FOM,5.8378,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,VOM,2.8332,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,efficiency,0.905,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,investment,581.3136,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,FOM,5.8378,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,VOM,2.8332,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,efficiency,0.905,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,investment,581.3136,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -solid biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -solid biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -solid biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.56,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, -solid biomass to hydrogen,investment,3442.6595,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,FOM,5.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",CO2 volume captured / (Stream flowrate * Max. capacity utilization * CO2 in exhaust * 8760),2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,investment,3561435.753,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 1342 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 3324000 t/year",2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -uranium,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -waste CHP,FOM,2.3645,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -waste CHP,VOM,24.5088,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -waste CHP,c_b,0.2686,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP,efficiency,0.2261,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP,efficiency-heat,0.8117,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP,investment,7272.6164,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -waste CHP,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,FOM,2.3645,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,VOM,24.5088,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,c_b,0.2686,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,efficiency,0.2261,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.8117,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,investment,7272.6164,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -water tank charger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -water tank discharger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 diff --git a/ariadne-data/costs/optimist/costs_2040.csv b/ariadne-data/costs/optimist/costs_2040.csv deleted file mode 100644 index aeba6a5ee..000000000 --- a/ariadne-data/costs/optimist/costs_2040.csv +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1238 +0,0 @@ -technology,parameter,value,unit,source,further description,currency_year -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,FOM,2.8,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,VOM,0.2389,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,electricity-input,1.38,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,investment,429.0306,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,lifetime,40.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,FOM,2.3,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,VOM,0.2389,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,electricity-input,1.416,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,investment,506.0332,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,FOM,2.3,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,VOM,0.1934,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,electricity-input,1.41,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,investment,582.922,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW, -Ammonia cracker,FOM,4.3,%/year,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 7.","Estimated based on Labour cost rate, Maintenance cost rate, Insurance rate, Admin. cost rate and Chemical & other consumables cost rate.",2015.0 -Ammonia cracker,ammonia-input,1.46,MWh_NH3/MWh_H2,"ENGIE et al (2020): Ammonia to Green Hydrogen Feasibility Study (https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/880826/HS420_-_Ecuity_-_Ammonia_to_Green_Hydrogen.pdf), Fig. 10.",Assuming a integrated 200t/d cracking and purification facility. Electricity demand (316 MWh per 2186 MWh_LHV H2 output) is assumed to also be ammonia LHV input which seems a fair assumption as the facility has options for a higher degree of integration according to the report)., -Ammonia cracker,investment,841127.4391,EUR/MW_H2,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 6.",Calculated. For a small (200 t_NH3/d input) facility. Base cost for facility: 51 MEUR at capacity 20 000m^3_NH3/h = 339 t_NH3/d input. Cost scaling exponent 0.67. Ammonia density 0.7069 kg/m^3. Conversion efficiency of cracker: 0.685. Ammonia LHV: 5.167 MWh/t_NH3.; and Calculated. For a large (2500 t_NH3/d input) facility. Base cost for facility: 51 MEUR at capacity 20 000m^3_NH3/h = 339 t_NH3/d input. Cost scaling exponent 0.67. Ammonia density 0.7069 kg/m^3. Conversion efficiency of cracker: 0.685. Ammonia LHV: 5.167 MWh/t_NH3.,2015.0 -Ammonia cracker,lifetime,25.0,years,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 7.",,2015.0 -BEV Bus city,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,Motor size,398.2759,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,efficiency,0.7346,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,investment,206528.0541,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Coach,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,Motor size,479.3103,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,efficiency,0.7149,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,investment,287067.8577,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,Motor size,727.5862,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,efficiency,1.2352,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,investment,151213.8954,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,lifetime,10.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,Motor size,441.3793,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,efficiency,0.7813,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,investment,219969.2559,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,Motor size,955.1724,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,efficiency,1.3732,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,investment,167722.8037,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),FOM,0.9,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),efficiency,0.68,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),investment,24092.0,EUR/PKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (trucks),FOM,16.0,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (trucks),2020.0 -Battery electric (trucks),investment,133000.0,EUR/LKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (trucks),2020.0 -Battery electric (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (trucks),2020.0 -BioSNG,C in fuel,0.342,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,C stored,0.658,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,CO2 stored,0.2413,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,FOM,1.4415,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Fixed O&M",2020.0 -BioSNG,VOM,1.7369,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Variable O&M",2020.0 -BioSNG,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -BioSNG,efficiency,0.6333,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Bio SNG Output",2020.0 -BioSNG,investment,1878.6733,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Specific investment",2020.0 -BioSNG,lifetime,25.0,years,TODO,"84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -BtL,C in fuel,0.2922,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,C stored,0.7078,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,CO2 stored,0.2595,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,FOM,27.5158,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Fixed O&M",2020.0 -BtL,VOM,0.9083,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Variable O&M",2020.0 -BtL,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -BtL,efficiency,0.4167,per unit,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Electricity Output",2020.0 -BtL,investment,2598.6944,EUR/kW_th,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Specific investment",2017.0 -BtL,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Technical lifetime",2020.0 -CCGT,FOM,3.0395,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -CCGT,VOM,3.6685,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Variable O&M",2015.0 -CCGT,c_b,1.6,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -CCGT,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -CCGT,efficiency,0.6,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -CCGT,investment,804.2484,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Nominal investment",2015.0 -CCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -CH4 (g) fill compressor station,FOM,1.7,%/year,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0 -CH4 (g) fill compressor station,investment,1654.96,EUR/MW_CH4,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station cost.","Assume same ratio as between H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station, i.e. 1:19 , due to a lack of reliable numbers.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) fill compressor station,lifetime,20.0,years,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,FOM,1.5,%/year,Assume same as for H2 (g) pipeline in 2050 (CH4 pipeline as mature technology).,"Due to lack of numbers, use comparable H2 pipeline assumptions.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,electricity-input,0.01,MW_e/1000km/MW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: 112 6 gas Main distri line.","Assumption for gas pipeline >100MW, 0.1% per station and spacing of 100km yields 1%/1000km. Electric compression.",2015.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,investment,87.22,EUR/MW/km,Guesstimate.,"Based on Arab Gas Pipeline: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Gas_Pipeline: cost = 1.2e9 $-US (year = ?), capacity=10.3e9 m^3/a NG, l=1200km, NG-LHV=39MJ/m^3*90% (also Wikipedia estimate from here https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_of_combustion). Presumed to include booster station cost.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,lifetime,50.0,years,Assume same as for H2 (g) pipeline in 2050 (CH4 pipeline as mature technology).,"Due to lack of numbers, use comparable H2 pipeline assumptions.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,FOM,3.0,%/year,"d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material.",-,2015.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,electricity-input,0.01,MW_e/1000km/MW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: 112 6 gas Main distri line.","Assumption for gas pipeline >100MW, 0.1% per station and spacing of 100km yields 1%/1000km. Electric compression.",2015.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,investment,119.3173,EUR/MW/km,Kaiser (2017): 10.1016/j.marpol.2017.05.003 .,"Based on Gulfstream pipeline costs (430 mi long pipeline for natural gas in deep/shallow waters) of 2.72e6 USD/mi and 1.31 bn ft^3/d capacity (36 in diameter), LHV of methane 13.8888 MWh/t and density of 0.657 kg/m^3 and 1.17 USD:1EUR conversion rate = 102.4 EUR/MW/km. Number is without booster station cost. Estimation of additional cost for booster stations based on H2 (g) pipeline numbers from Guidehouse (2020): European Hydrogen Backbone report and Danish Energy Agency (2021): Technology Data for Energy Transport, were booster stations make ca. 6% of pipeline cost; here add additional 10% for booster stations as they need to be constructed submerged or on plattforms. (102.4*1.1).",2014.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,lifetime,30.0,years,"d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material.",-,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,capacity,58300.0,t_CH4,"Calculated, based on Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",based on 138 000 m^3 capacity and LNG density of 0.4226 t/m^3 .,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,investment,159791465.6831,EUR,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,lifetime,25.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2015.0 -CH4 evaporation,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 evaporation,investment,91.1101,EUR/kW_CH4,"Calculated, based on Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306","based on 100 MUSD-2005/(1 bcm/a), 1 bcm = 10.6 TWh, currency exchange rate: 1.15 USD=1 EUR.",2005.0 -CH4 evaporation,lifetime,30.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,electricity-input,0.036,MWh_el/MWh_CH4,"Pospíšil et al. (2019): Energy demand of liquefaction and regasification of natural gas and the potential of LNG for operative thermal energy storage (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.09.027), Table 2 and Table 3. alternative source 2: https://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/methane (accessed 2021-02-10).","Assuming 0.5 MWh/t_CH4 for refigeration cycle based on Table 2 of source; cleaning of gas presumed unnecessary as it should be nearly pure CH4 (=SNG). Assuming energy required is only electricity which is for Table 3 in the source provided with efficiencies of ~50% of LHV, making the numbers consistent with the numbers in Table 2.", -CH4 liquefaction,investment,241.443,EUR/kW_CH4,"Calculated, based on Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306","based on 265 MUSD-2005/(1 bcm/a), 1 bcm = 10.6 TWh, currency exchange rate: 1.15 USD=1 EUR.",2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,lifetime,25.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,methane-input,1.0,MWh_CH4/MWh_CH4,"Pospíšil et al. (2019): Energy demand of liquefaction and regasification of natural gas and the potential of LNG for operative thermal energy storage (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.09.027), Table 2 and Table 3. alternative source 2: https://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/methane (accessed 2021-02-10).","For refrigeration cycle, cleaning of gas presumed unnecessary as it should be nearly pure CH4 (=SNG). Assuming energy required is only electricity which is for Table 3 in the source provided with efficiencies of ~50% of LHV, making the numbers consistent with the numbers in Table 2.", -CO2 liquefaction,FOM,5.0,%/year,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,,2004.0 -CO2 liquefaction,carbondioxide-input,1.0,t_CO2/t_CO2,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,"Assuming a pure, humid, low-pressure input stream. Neglecting possible gross-effects of CO2 which might be cycled for the cooling process.", -CO2 liquefaction,electricity-input,0.123,MWh_el/t_CO2,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,, -CO2 liquefaction,heat-input,0.0067,MWh_th/t_CO2,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,For drying purposes., -CO2 liquefaction,investment,16.7226,EUR/t_CO2/h,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,"Plant capacity of 20 kt CO2 / d and an uptime of 85%. For a high purity, humid, low pressure input stream, includes drying and compression necessary for liquefaction.",2004.0 -CO2 liquefaction,lifetime,25.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on CH4 liquefaction.",,2004.0 -CO2 pipeline,FOM,0.9,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",,2015.0 -CO2 pipeline,investment,2116.4433,EUR/(tCO2/h)/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",Assuming the 120-500 t CO2/h range that is based on cost of a 12 inch onshore pipeline.,2015.0 -CO2 pipeline,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",,2015.0 -CO2 storage tank,FOM,1.0,%/year,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, pg. 2746 .","Assuming a 3000m^3 pressurised steel cylinder tanks and a CO2 density of 1100 kg/m^3 (close to triple point at -56.6°C and 5.2 bar with max density of 1200kg/m^3 ). Lauri et al. report costs 3x higher per m^3 for steel tanks, which are consistent with other sources. The numbers reported are in rather difficult to pinpoint as systems can greatly vary.",2013.0 -CO2 storage tank,investment,2584.3462,EUR/t_CO2,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, Table 3.","Assuming a 3000m^3 pressurised steel cylinder tanks and a CO2 density of 1100 kg/m^3 (close to triple point at -56.6°C and 5.2 bar with max density of 1200kg/m^3 ). Lauri et al. report costs 3x higher per m^3 for steel tanks, which are consistent with other sources. The numbers reported are in rather difficult to pinpoint as systems can greatly vary.",2013.0 -CO2 storage tank,lifetime,25.0,years,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, pg. 2746 .","Assuming a 3000m^3 pressurised steel cylinder tanks and a CO2 density of 1100 kg/m^3 (close to triple point at -56.6°C and 5.2 bar with max density of 1200kg/m^3 ). Lauri et al. report costs 3x higher per m^3 for steel tanks, which are consistent with other sources. The numbers reported are in rather difficult to pinpoint as systems can greatly vary.",2013.0 -CO2 submarine pipeline,FOM,0.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",,2015.0 -CO2 submarine pipeline,investment,4232.8865,EUR/(tCO2/h)/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",Assuming the 120-500 t CO2/h range that is based on cost of a 12 inch offshore pipeline.,2015.0 -Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,FOM,1.6,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,investment,448894.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,FOM,2.2,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,investment,1788360.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,FOM,2.2,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,investment,1787894.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,FOM,1.8,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,investment,1005.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,FOM,0.9265,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.64 (p.86) Figure 4.14","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,efficiency,0.7211,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.52^0.5']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,investment,946180.9426,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Turbine Compressor BOP EPC Management']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-store,FOM,0.43,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB 4.5.2.1 Fixed O&M p.62 (p.84)","{'carrier': ['pair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-store,investment,5448.7894,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.64 (p.86)","{'carrier': ['pair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Cavern Storage']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['pair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,investment,144192.2682,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,efficiency,0.4343,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,investment,576769.073,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Concrete-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['concrete'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Concrete-store,investment,24044.2324,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['concrete'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -Concrete-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['concrete'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -"Container feeder, ammonia",efficiency,0.7754,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container feeder, ammonia",investment,34966212.0251,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container feeder, ammonia",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container feeder, diesel",efficiency,0.7718,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, diesel",2023.0 -"Container feeder, diesel",investment,34966212.0251,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, diesel",2023.0 -"Container feeder, diesel",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, diesel",2023.0 -"Container feeder, methanol",efficiency,0.7711,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, methanol",2023.0 -"Container feeder, methanol",investment,34966212.0251,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, methanol",2023.0 -"Container feeder, methanol",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, methanol",2023.0 -"Container, ammonia",efficiency,1.7094,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container, ammonia",investment,119652947.2851,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container, ammonia",lifetime,32.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container, diesel",efficiency,1.6399,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, diesel",2023.0 -"Container, diesel",investment,119652947.2851,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, diesel",2023.0 -"Container, diesel",lifetime,33.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, diesel",2023.0 -"Container, methanol",efficiency,1.7001,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, methanol",2023.0 -"Container, methanol",investment,119652947.2851,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, methanol",2023.0 -"Container, methanol",lifetime,33.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, methanol",2023.0 -Diesel Bus city,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,Motor size,250.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,efficiency,1.6899,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,investment,150756.2732,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,Motor size,350.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,efficiency,1.8169,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,investment,231296.0768,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,FOM,0.0005,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,Motor size,380.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,efficiency,3.0119,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,investment,142012.114,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,lifetime,10.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,Motor size,292.069,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,efficiency,1.8429,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,investment,155444.0931,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,Motor size,382.3529,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,efficiency,2.9453,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,investment,177515.1425,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,Motor size,420.3448,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,VOM,0.0979,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,efficiency,1.3781,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,investment,256813.5136,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Coach,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,Motor size,420.3448,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,efficiency,1.3554,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,investment,356840.1722,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,Motor size,556.8966,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,efficiency,2.3194,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,investment,139809.9795,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,lifetime,10.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,Motor size,415.5172,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,efficiency,1.5325,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,investment,214117.0548,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,Motor size,415.5172,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,efficiency,2.5736,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,investment,236188.1042,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FT fuel transport ship,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -FT fuel transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_FTfuel,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -FT fuel transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -FT fuel transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.1.",,2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,VOM,2.5167,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",102 Hydrogen to Jet: Variable O&M,2020.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -Fischer-Tropsch,carbondioxide-input,0.301,t_CO2/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","Input per 1t FT liquid fuels output, carbon efficiency increases with years (4.3, 3.9, 3.6, 3.3 t_CO2/t_FT from 2020-2050 with LHV 11.95 MWh_th/t_FT).", -Fischer-Tropsch,efficiency,0.799,per unit,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.2.",,2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,electricity-input,0.007,MWh_el/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","0.005 MWh_el input per FT output, output increasing from 2020 to 2050 (0.65, 0.7, 0.73, 0.75 MWh liquid FT output).", -Fischer-Tropsch,hydrogen-input,1.363,MWh_H2/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","0.995 MWh_H2 per output, output increasing from 2020 to 2050 (0.65, 0.7, 0.73, 0.75 MWh liquid FT output).", -Fischer-Tropsch,investment,611732.6641,EUR/MW_FT,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 8: “Reference scenario”.","Well developed technology, no significant learning expected.",2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (04/2022), Data sheet “Methanol to Power”.",,2017.0 -Gasnetz,FOM,2.5,%,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz,2020.0 -Gasnetz,investment,28.0,EUR/kWGas,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz,2020.0 -Gasnetz,lifetime,30.0,years,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz,2020.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),FOM,6.25,%/year,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , figure 7 and pg. 12 .",Assuming ca. 10 EUR/m^3/a (center value between stand alone and addon facility).,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),investment,137.8999,EUR/m^3,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 8F .",Assumed 20% lower than for product storage. Crude or middle distillate tanks are usually larger compared to product storage due to lower requirements on safety and different construction method. Reference size used here: 80 000 – 120 000 m^3 .,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),lifetime,30.0,years,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 11.",,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),FOM,6.25,%/year,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , figure 7 and pg. 12 .",Assuming ca. 10 EUR/m^3/a (center value between stand alone and addon facility).,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),investment,172.3748,EUR/m^3,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 8F .",Assumed at the higher end for addon facilities/mid-range for stand-alone facilities. Product storage usually smaller due to higher requirements on safety and different construction method. Reference size used here: 40 000 - 60 000 m^3 .,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),lifetime,30.0,years,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 11.",,2012.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.76 (p.98) Sentence 1 in 4.7.2 Operating Costs","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['1.5 percent of capital cost']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,efficiency,0.9274,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.36","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.86^0.5']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,investment,415570.5177,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 0% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,lifetime,41.7,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.36","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-store,investment,157381.7274,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 15% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['gravity'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Gravitational Capital (SB+BOS)']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-store,lifetime,41.7,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.36","{'carrier': ['gravity'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.76 (p.98) Sentence 1 in 4.7.2 Operating Costs","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['1.5 percent of capital cost']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,efficiency,0.9014,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level ((0.785+0.84)/2)^0.5']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,investment,365630.713,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 0% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-store,investment,121755.0274,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 15% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['gravitywa'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Gravitational Capital (SB+BOS)']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['gravitywa'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.76 (p.98) Sentence 1 in 4.7.2 Operating Costs","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['1.5 percent of capital cost']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,efficiency,0.9014,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level ((0.785+0.84)/2)^0.5']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,investment,905158.9602,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 0% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-store,investment,95982.5211,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 15% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['gravitywu'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Gravitational Capital (SB+BOS)']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['gravitywu'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -H2 (g) fill compressor station,FOM,1.7,%/year,"Guidehouse 2020: European Hydrogen Backbone report, https://guidehouse.com/-/media/www/site/downloads/energy/2020/gh_european-hydrogen-backbone_report.pdf (table 3, table 5)","Pessimistic (highest) value chosen for 48'' pipeline w/ 13GW_H2 LHV @ 100bar pressure. Currency year: Not clearly specified, assuming year of publication. Forecast year: Not clearly specified, guessing based on text remarks.",2020.0 -H2 (g) fill compressor station,investment,4738.7164,EUR/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), pg. 164, Figure 14 (Fill compressor).","Assumption for staging 35→140bar, 6000 MW_HHV single line pipeline. Considering HHV/LHV ration for H2.",2015.0 -H2 (g) fill compressor station,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), pg. 168, Figure 24 (Fill compressor).",,2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,FOM,2.3333,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, > 6000 MW_HHV single line pipeline, incl. booster station investments. Considering LHV by scaling with LHV/HHV=0.8462623413.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,electricity-input,0.018,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,investment,303.6845,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 4.4 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, > 6000 MW_HHV single line pipeline, incl. booster station investments. Considering LHV by scaling with LHV/HHV=0.8462623413.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,FOM,2.3333,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.",Same as for new H2 (g) pipeline.,2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,electricity-input,0.018,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,investment,129.4682,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line repurposed pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 0.8 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.",Same as for new H2 (g) pipeline.,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,FOM,3.0,%/year,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,electricity-input,0.018,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,investment,456.1165,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line offshore pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 7.48 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,lifetime,30.0,years,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,FOM,3.0,%/year,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,electricity-input,0.018,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,investment,160.1562,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line repurposed offshore pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 1.5 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,lifetime,30.0,years,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (l) storage tank,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.",Assuming currency year and technology year here (25 EUR/kg).,2015.0 -H2 (l) storage tank,investment,793.7456,EUR/MWh_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.","Assuming currency year and technology year here (25 EUR/kg). Future target cost. Today’s cost potentially higher according to d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material pg. 16.",2015.0 -H2 (l) storage tank,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.",Assuming currency year and technology year here (25 EUR/kg).,2015.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,capacity,11000.0,t_H2,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,investment,393737000.0,EUR,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,lifetime,20.0,years,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 evaporation,FOM,2.5,%/year,"DNV GL (2020): Study on the Import of Liquid Renewable Energy: Technology Cost Assessment, https://www.gie.eu/wp-content/uploads/filr/2598/DNV-GL_Study-GLE-Technologies-and-costs-analysis-on-imports-of-liquid-renewable-energy.pdf .",,2020.0 -H2 evaporation,investment,102.3434,EUR/kW_H2,"IRENA (2022): Global Hydrogen Trade to Meet the 1.5° Climate Goal: Technology Review of Hydrogen Carriers, https://www.irena.org/publications/2022/Apr/Global-hydrogen-trade-Part-II , pg. 62f.","Pessimistic assumption for large scale facility / near-term estimate for medium sized facility, in between low / mid estimate with e.g. DNV numbers (Fig. 3.15).; and Optimistic assumption for large scale facility 2500 t/d, cf Fig. 3.15 .",2022.0 -H2 evaporation,lifetime,20.0,years,Guesstimate.,Based on lifetime of liquefaction plant.,2015.0 -H2 liquefaction,FOM,2.5,%/year,"DNV GL (2020): Study on the Import of Liquid Renewable Energy: Technology Cost Assessment, https://www.gie.eu/wp-content/uploads/filr/2598/DNV-GL_Study-GLE-Technologies-and-costs-analysis-on-imports-of-liquid-renewable-energy.pdf .",,2020.0 -H2 liquefaction,electricity-input,0.203,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"Heuser et al. (2019): Techno-economic analysis of a potential energy trading link between Patagonia and Japan based on CO2 free hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.12.156), table 1.","6.78 kWh/kg_H2, considering H2 with LHV of 33.3333 MWh/t", -H2 liquefaction,hydrogen-input,1.017,MWh_H2/MWh_H2,"Heuser et al. (2019): Techno-economic analysis of a potential energy trading link between Patagonia and Japan based on CO2 free hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.12.156), table 1.",corresponding to 1.65% losses during liquefaction, -H2 liquefaction,investment,711.9541,EUR/kW_H2,"IRENA (2022): Global Hydrogen Trade to Meet the 1.5° Climate Goal: Technology Review of Hydrogen Carriers, https://www.irena.org/publications/2022/Apr/Global-hydrogen-trade-Part-II , pg. 62f.","Assumption for a 200t/d facility (Pessimistic long-term or optimistic short-term value).; and Assumption for a large >300t/d, e.g. 2500 t/d facility (Optimistic long-term value without change in base technology mentioned in report).",2022.0 -H2 liquefaction,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2022.0 -H2 pipeline,FOM,3.0,%/year,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -H2 pipeline,investment,282.5452,EUR/MW/km,Welder et al https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.05.059, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -H2 pipeline,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,FOM,5.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,VOM,0.5118,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,electricity-input,0.097,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification,investment,1467.9399,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification,wood-input,1.804,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification CC,FOM,5.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification CC,VOM,0.5232,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification CC,electricity-input,0.143,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification CC,investment,1489.0957,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification CC,wood-input,1.804,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification,FOM,6.2,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification,VOM,0.5061,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification,coal-input,1.62,MWh_coal/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification,electricity-input,0.02,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification,investment,399.1168,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification CC,FOM,6.88,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification CC,VOM,0.1479,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification CC,coal-input,1.62,MWh_coal/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification CC,electricity-input,0.023,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification CC,investment,413.4481,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,FOM,5.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,VOM,0.1592,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,electricity-input,0.063,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,investment,491.1331,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,lifetime,25.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,oil-input,1.3,MWh_oil/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,FOM,4.9,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,VOM,0.2047,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,electricity-input,0.02,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,gas-input,1.25,MWh_NG/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,investment,180.0518,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,FOM,6.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,VOM,0.0796,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,electricity-input,0.039,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,gas-input,1.4,MWh_NG/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,investment,217.5863,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,FOM,4.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,VOM,0.7393,EUR/MWh,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,electricity-input,0.044,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,investment,590.6564,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,wood-input,1.36,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -HVAC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVAC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVAC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,investment,165803.0398,EUR/MW,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC submarine,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0 -HVDC submarine,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1,2017.0 -HVDC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0 -HVDC underground,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 -HVDC underground,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1 (same as for HVDC submarine),2017.0 -HVDC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 -Haber-Bosch,FOM,3.0795,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,VOM,0.015,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Variable O&M,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,electricity-input,0.2473,MWh_el/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), table 11.",Assume 5 GJ/t_NH3 for compressors and NH3 LHV = 5.16666 MWh/t_NH3., -Haber-Bosch,hydrogen-input,1.1484,MWh_H2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.","178 kg_H2 per t_NH3, LHV for both assumed.", -Haber-Bosch,investment,1022.6427,EUR/kW_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,nitrogen-input,0.1597,t_N2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.",".33 MWh electricity are required for ASU per t_NH3, considering 0.4 MWh are required per t_N2 and LHV of NH3 of 5.1666 Mwh.", -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,investment,144192.2682,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,efficiency,0.4444,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,investment,576769.073,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['salthight'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-store,investment,94107.5489,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['salthight'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['salthight'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),FOM,1.2,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),efficiency,0.48,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),investment,29440.0,EUR/PKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),FOM,12.7,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),efficiency,0.56,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),investment,120177.0,EUR/LKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,FOM,0.6345,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,efficiency,0.6963,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133) include inverter 0.98 & transformer efficiency 0.98 ","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Electrolyzer']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,investment,347170.8209,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.113 (p.135)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Electrolyzer']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,lifetime,30.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,FOM,0.5812,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,efficiency,0.4869,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133) include inverter 0.98 & transformer efficiency 0.98 ","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Fuel Cell']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,investment,379007.4464,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.113 (p.135)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Fuel Cell']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,lifetime,30.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-store,FOM,0.43,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB =(C38+C39)*0.43/4","{'carrier': ['h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-store,investment,4779.9527,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.113 (p.135)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Cavern Storage']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-store,lifetime,30.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LNG storage tank,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank with comparable requirements.",Currency year and technology year assumed based on publication date.,2019.0 -LNG storage tank,investment,666.634,EUR/m^3,"Hurskainen 2019, https://cris.vtt.fi/en/publications/liquid-organic-hydrogen-carriers-lohc-concept-evaluation-and-tech pg. 46 (59).",Currency year and technology year assumed based on publication date.,2019.0 -LNG storage tank,lifetime,20.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank with comparable requirements.",Currency year and technology year assumed based on publication date.,2019.0 -LOHC chemical,investment,2500.0,EUR/t,"Runge et al 2020, pg.7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC chemical,lifetime,20.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, pg.7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation,investment,53681.4988,EUR/MW_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",per MW H2 (LHV). For a large plant of 1000 MW capacity. Calculated based on base CAPEX of 30 MEUR for 300 t/day capacity and a scale factor of 0.6.,2015.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),FOM,3.0,%/year,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),investment,839000.0,EUR/MW_H2,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",MW of H2 LHV. For a small plant of 0.9 MW capacity.,2020.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),lifetime,20.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,electricity-input,0.004,MWh_el/t_HLOHC,Niermann et al. (2019): (https://doi.org/10.1039/C8EE02700E). 6A .,"Flow in figures shows 0.2 MW for 114 MW_HHV = 96.4326 MW_LHV = 2.89298 t hydrogen. At 5.6 wt-% effective H2 storage for loaded LOHC (H18-DBT, HLOHC), corresponds to 51.6604 t loaded LOHC .", -LOHC hydrogenation,hydrogen-input,1.867,MWh_H2/t_HLOHC,"Runge et al 2020, pg. 7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",Considering 5.6 wt-% H2 in loaded LOHC (HLOHC) and LHV of H2., -LOHC hydrogenation,investment,54243.958,EUR/MW_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",per MW H2 (LHV). For a large plant of 2000 MW capacity. Calculated based on base CAPEX of 40 MEUR for 300 t/day capacity and a scale factor of 0.6.,2015.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,lohc-input,0.944,t_LOHC/t_HLOHC,"Runge et al 2020, pg. 7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514","Loaded LOHC (H18-DBT, HLOHC) has loaded only 5.6%-wt H2 as rate of discharge is kept at ca. 90%.", -LOHC loaded DBT storage,FOM,6.25,%/year,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -LOHC loaded DBT storage,investment,151.5383,EUR/t,"Density via Wissenschaftliche Dienste des Deutschen Bundestages 2020, https://www.bundestag.de/resource/blob/816048/454e182d5956d45a664da9eb85486f76/WD-8-058-20-pdf-data.pdf , pg. 11.","Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared. Density of loaded LOHC H18-DBT is 0.91 t/m^3.",2012.0 -LOHC loaded DBT storage,lifetime,30.0,years,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -LOHC transport ship,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_LOHC,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC unloaded DBT storage,FOM,6.25,%/year,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -LOHC unloaded DBT storage,investment,134.2745,EUR/t,"Density via Wissenschaftliche Dienste des Deutschen Bundestages 2020, https://www.bundestag.de/resource/blob/816048/454e182d5956d45a664da9eb85486f76/WD-8-058-20-pdf-data.pdf , pg. 11.","Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared. Density of loaded LOHC H18-DBT is 0.91 t/m^3, density of unloaded LOHC H0-DBT is 1.04 t/m^3 but unloading is only to 90% (depth-of-discharge), assume density via linearisation of 1.027 t/m^3.",2012.0 -LOHC unloaded DBT storage,lifetime,30.0,years,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,FOM,2.4427,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,efficiency,0.8832,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.78^0.5']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,investment,128853.6139,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-store,FOM,0.2542,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['lead'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-store,investment,320631.3818,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['lead'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-store,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['lead'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),FOM,1.6,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),efficiency,0.215,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),investment,26167.0,EUR/PKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),FOM,16.2,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),efficiency,0.373,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),investment,110858.0,EUR/LKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,FOM,0.366,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,investment,475721.2289,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Figure 9 of reference roughly 80% of capital cost are power related 47%/80% of costs are required for liquefaction (charging)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,FOM,0.5212,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,efficiency,0.55,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE 0.545 assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,investment,334017.033,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, NULL","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-store,FOM,0.3208,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['lair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-store,investment,159004.771,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['lair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Liquid Air SB and BOS']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['lair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,FOM,2.1198,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,efficiency,0.9193,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.8452^0.5']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,investment,81553.4846,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,lifetime,16.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-store,FOM,0.0447,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['lfp'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-store,investment,236482.8109,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['lfp'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-store,lifetime,16.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['lfp'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,FOM,2.1198,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,efficiency,0.9193,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.8452^0.5']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,investment,81553.4846,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,lifetime,13.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-store,FOM,0.038,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['nmc'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-store,investment,269576.8493,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['nmc'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-store,lifetime,13.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['nmc'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,investment,144192.2682,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,efficiency,0.5394,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,investment,576769.073,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-store,investment,58041.2003,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_MeOH,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",,2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,investment,18016.8665,EUR/MW_H2,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.","For high temperature steam reforming plant with a capacity of 200 MW_H2 output (6t/h). Reference plant of 1 MW (30kg_H2/h) costs 150kEUR, scale factor of 0.6 assumed.",2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",,2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,methanol-input,1.201,MWh_MeOH/MWh_H2,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",Assuming per 1 t_H2 (with LHV 33.3333 MWh/t): 4.5 MWh_th and 3.2 MWh_el are required. We assume electricity can be substituted / provided with 1:1 as heat energy., -NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank.",,2010.0 -NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,investment,166.8201,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Calculated based on Morgan E. 2013: doi:10.7275/11KT-3F59 , Fig. 55, Fig 58.","Based on estimated for a double-wall liquid ammonia tank (~ambient pressure, -33°C), inner tank from stainless steel, outer tank from concrete including installations for liquefaction/condensation, boil-off gas recovery and safety installations; the necessary installations make only a small fraction of the total cost. The total cost are driven by material and working time on the tanks. -While the costs do not scale strictly linearly, we here assume they do (good approximation c.f. ref. Fig 55.) and take the costs for a 9 kt NH3 (l) tank = 8 M$2010, which is smaller 4-5x smaller than the largest deployed tanks today. -We assume an exchange rate of 1.17$ to 1 €. -The investment value is given per MWh NH3 store capacity, using the LHV of NH3 of 5.18 MWh/t.",2010.0 -NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,lifetime,20.0,years,"Morgan E. 2013: doi:10.7275/11KT-3F59 , pg. 290",,2010.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B",,2019.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,capacity,53000.0,t_NH3,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B",,2019.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,investment,81164200.0,EUR,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B",,2019.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,lifetime,20.0,years,"Guess estimated based on H2 (l) tanker, but more mature technology",,2019.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,FOM,2.1198,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['((0.75-0.87)/2)^0.5 mean value of range efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,investment,81553.4846,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) same as Li-LFP","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-store,FOM,0.2262,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-store,investment,267837.874,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-store,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -OCGT,FOM,2.2234,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -OCGT,VOM,4.0565,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Variable O&M,2015.0 -OCGT,efficiency,0.42,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","52 OCGT - Natural gas: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -OCGT,investment,363.5118,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 -OCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -PEM electrolyzer small size,FOM,3.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW,2010.0 -PEM electrolyzer small size,electricity-input,1.29,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW, -PEM electrolyzer small size,investment,1080.5384,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW,2010.0 -PEM electrolyzer small size,lifetime,8.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`","Likely stack lifetime, rather than electrolyzer system lifetime", -PHS,FOM,1.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -PHS,efficiency,0.75,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -PHS,investment,2274.8177,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 -PHS,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,FOM,0.366,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Charger']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,investment,761782.6727,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Figure 9 of reference roughly 80% of capital cost are power related 47%/80% of costs are required for liquefaction (charging)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,lifetime,33.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,FOM,0.5212,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,efficiency,0.63,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE 0.62 assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,investment,534868.6851,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, NULL","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,lifetime,33.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-store,FOM,0.1528,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.103 (p.125)","{'carrier': ['phes'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-store,investment,11546.7963,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.92 (p.114)","{'carrier': ['phes'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Molten Salt based SB and BOS']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-store,lifetime,33.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['phes'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,FOM,0.9951,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, Figure 4.16","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,efficiency,0.8944,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.8^0.5']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,investment,1397128.4612,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Powerhouse Construction & Infrastructure']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-store,FOM,0.43,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['phs'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-store,investment,57074.0625,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['phs'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Reservoir Construction & Infrastructure']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['phs'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -SMR,FOM,5.0,%/year,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR,efficiency,0.76,per unit (in LHV),"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SMR,investment,522201.0492,EUR/MW_CH4,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR,lifetime,30.0,years,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SMR CC,FOM,5.0,%/year,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR CC,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",wide range: capture rates between 54%-90%, -SMR CC,efficiency,0.69,per unit (in LHV),"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SMR CC,investment,605753.2171,EUR/MW_CH4,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR CC,lifetime,30.0,years,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SOEC,FOM,4.0,%/year,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,US-based assumptions for a Conservative cost scenario,2022.0 -SOEC,electricity-input,1.15,MWh_el/MWh_H2,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,, -SOEC,investment,2134.0823,USD/kW,"ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions, https://theicct.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/fuels-eu-cost-renew-H-produced-onsite-H-refueling-stations-europe-feb22.pdf adjusted according to DOE observations https://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/docs/hydrogenprogramlibraries/pdfs/24005-clean-hydrogen-production-cost-pem-electrolyzer.pdf?sfvrsn=8cb10889_1#:~:text=This%20Record%20shows%20that%20the,factors%20of%2050%2D75%25",US-based assumptions for a Conservative cost scenario,2022.0 -SOEC,lifetime,30.0,years,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,, -Sand-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Sand-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Sand-charger,investment,144192.2682,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Sand-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,efficiency,0.53,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,investment,576769.073,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Sand-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['sand'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Sand-store,investment,6700.8517,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.100 (p.122)","{'carrier': ['sand'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -Sand-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['sand'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Steam methane reforming,FOM,3.0,%/year,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW).,2015.0 -Steam methane reforming,investment,497454.611,EUR/MW_H2,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW). Currency conversion 1.17 USD = 1 EUR.,2015.0 -Steam methane reforming,lifetime,30.0,years,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW).,2015.0 -Steam methane reforming,methane-input,1.483,MWh_CH4/MWh_H2,"Keipi et al (2018): Economic analysis of hydrogen production by methane thermal decomposition (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2017.12.063), table 2.","Large scale SMR plant producing 2.5 kg/s H2 output (assuming 33.3333 MWh/t H2 LHV), with 6.9 kg/s CH4 input (feedstock) and 2 kg/s CH4 input (energy). Neglecting water consumption.", -"Tank&bulk, diesel",efficiency,0.462,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, diesel",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, diesel",investment,35129312.4041,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, diesel",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, diesel",lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, diesel",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, methanol",efficiency,0.4695,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, methanol",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, methanol",investment,35129312.4041,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, methanol",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, methanol",lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, methanol",2023.0 -"Tankbulk, ammonia",efficiency,0.471,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tankbulk, ammonia",2023.0 -"Tankbulk, ammonia",investment,35129312.4041,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tankbulk, ammonia",2023.0 -"Tankbulk, ammonia",lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tankbulk, ammonia",2023.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,FOM,2.4395,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,efficiency,0.8062,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.65^0.5']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,investment,129023.0526,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-store,FOM,0.2345,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['vanadium'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-store,investment,258072.8586,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['vanadium'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-store,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['vanadium'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,FOM,2.4395,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,efficiency,0.7937,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.25 ","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['(0.63)^0.5 efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,investment,129023.0526,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,lifetime,25.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-store,FOM,0.1654,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-store,investment,174388.0144,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.48 (p.70) text below Table 4.12","{'carrier': ['znair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-store,lifetime,25.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['znair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,FOM,2.1198,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,efficiency,0.8307,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.25 ","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['(0.69)^0.5 efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,investment,81553.4846,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,lifetime,10.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.27","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-store,FOM,0.2576,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znbrflow'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-store,investment,412306.5947,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['znbrflow'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-store,lifetime,10.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.27","{'carrier': ['znbrflow'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,FOM,2.4395,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,efficiency,0.8888,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.25","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': [' (0.79)^0.5 efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,investment,129023.0526,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,FOM,0.2244,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,investment,239220.5823,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -air separation unit,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -air separation unit,electricity-input,0.25,MWh_el/t_N2,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), p.288.","For consistency reasons use value from Danish Energy Agency. DEA also reports range of values (0.2-0.4 MWh/t_N2) on pg. 288. Other efficienices reported are even higher, e.g. 0.11 Mwh/t_N2 from Morgan (2013): Techno-Economic Feasibility Study of Ammonia Plants Powered by Offshore Wind .", -air separation unit,investment,269957.9224,EUR/t_N2/h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 -air separation unit,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -allam,VOM,2.0,EUR/MWh,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -allam,efficiency,0.6,p.u.,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -allam,investment,1500.0,EUR/kW,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -allam,lifetime,30.0,years,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,FOM,5.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.99,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",CO2 volume captured / (Stream flowrate * Max. capacity utilization * CO2 in exhaust * 8760),2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.1,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,investment,929753.03,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 41 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 389000 t/year",2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -battery inverter,FOM,0.192,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -battery inverter,efficiency,0.9633,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2020.0 -battery inverter,investment,265.85,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2020.0 -battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -battery storage,investment,195.6656,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2020.0 -battery storage,lifetime,36.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,FOM,100.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,VOM,160.0417,EUR/MWh_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-biochar,1.0,MWh_biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency biochar",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-heat,3.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency heat",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,investment,160041.7,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.144,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0 -biodiesel crops,fuel,137.5427,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIORPS1 (rape seed), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -bioethanol crops,CO2 intensity,0.1289,tCO2/MWh_th,,"CO2 released during fermentation of bioethanol crops, based on stochiometric composition: C6H12O6 -> 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2 , i.e. 1 kg ethanol → ~0.956 kg CO₂ (from fermentation) → 0.1289 tCO₂/MWh (with LHV = 26.7 MJ/kg).", -bioethanol crops,fuel,86.1222,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOCRP11 (Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -biogas,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 -biogas,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biogas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, -biogas,fuel,62.4351,EUR/MWhth,JRC and Zappa, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biogas,investment,1185.8878,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 -biogas,lifetime,16.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biogas CC,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas CC,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 -biogas CC,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biogas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, -biogas CC,investment,1185.8878,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 -biogas CC,lifetime,16.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biogas manure,fuel,19.8782,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOGAS1 (manure), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,FOM,96.2819,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,VOM,2.1693,EUR/MWh_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Variable O&M,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,investment,676.0388,EUR/kW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Specific investment,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -biogas upgrading,FOM,17.0397,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Fixed O&M ",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,VOM,4.7797,EUR/MWh output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Variable O&M",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,investment,221.6462,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: investment (upgrading, methane redution and grid injection)",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,lifetime,16.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biomass,FOM,4.5269,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,efficiency,0.468,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,fuel,7.4076,EUR/MWhth,IEA2011b, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,investment,2337.6116,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,lifetime,30.0,years,ECF2010 in DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass CHP,FOM,3.4677,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass CHP,VOM,1.747,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -biomass CHP,c_b,0.4477,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -biomass CHP,efficiency,0.3731,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7231,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass CHP,investment,2848.2242,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -biomass CHP,lifetime,31.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,capture_rate,0.9133,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-electricity-input,0.08,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-heat-output,0.1333,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,electricity-input,0.0213,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-input,0.6443,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-output,0.6443,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,investment,2166666.6667,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass EOP,FOM,3.4677,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass EOP,VOM,1.747,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -biomass EOP,c_b,0.4477,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -biomass EOP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -biomass EOP,efficiency,0.3731,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass EOP,efficiency-heat,0.7231,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass EOP,investment,2848.2242,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -biomass EOP,lifetime,31.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass HOP,FOM,5.4793,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Fixed O&M, heat output",2015.0 -biomass HOP,VOM,2.7599,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Variable O&M heat output,2015.0 -biomass HOP,efficiency,1.0374,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass HOP,investment,749.3488,EUR/kW_th - heat output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Nominal investment ,2015.0 -biomass HOP,lifetime,31.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -biomass boiler,FOM,11.4465,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass boiler,efficiency,0.9101,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -biomass boiler,investment,440.6574,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Specific investment",2015.0 -biomass boiler,lifetime,23.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass boiler,pelletizing cost,9.0,EUR/MWh_pellets,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.109506,,2019.0 -biomass-to-methanol,C in fuel,0.5821,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,C stored,0.4179,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,CO2 stored,0.1532,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,FOM,27.0985,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,VOM,7.8707,EUR/MWh_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Variable O&M,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency,0.86,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Methanol Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-electricity,0.54,MWh_e/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Electricity Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-heat,0.6067,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: District heat Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,investment,2430.9441,EUR/kW_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Specific investment,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,FOM,14.18,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",123.67 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘BF-BOF’.,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,coal-input,1.43,MWh_coal/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15). ","Based on process ‘Avg BF-BOF` using 195 kg_PCI/t_HM (PCI = Pulverized Coal Injected; HM = Hot Metal) as substitute for coke, 24 MJ/kg as LHV for coal and 1 : 1.1 as HM-to-steel ratio.",2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15).",,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,investment,7637406.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",871.85 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘Avg BF-BOF’.,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15).",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,ore-input,1.539,t_ore/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",Based on process ‘Avg BF-BOF`,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,scrap-input,0.051,t_scrap/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",Based on process ‘Avg BF-BOF`,2020.0 -cement capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,capture_rate,0.9133,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,compression-electricity-input,0.08,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,compression-heat-output,0.1333,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,electricity-input,0.0183,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,heat-input,0.6443,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,heat-output,1.4167,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,investment,1933333.3333,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,FOM,7.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",CO2 volume captured / (Stream flowrate * Max. capacity utilization * CO2 in exhaust * 8760),2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,investment,2587727.173,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 247 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 842000 t/year",2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement dry clinker,FOM,4.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,VOM,5.2911,EUR/t_clinker,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,electricity-input,0.0694,MWh_el/t_clinker,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original values 0.25 PJ per Mt clinker,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,gas-input,0.0002,MWh_NG/t_clinker,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original values 0.0058 PJ per Mt clinker,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,heat-input,0.9444,MWh_th/t_CO2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original values 3.4 PJ per Mt clinker,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,investment,1158752.6816,EUR/t_clinker/h,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original value 125 EUR/t/year,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,lifetime,30.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement finishing,FOM,30.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement finishing,VOM,3.1747,EUR/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement finishing,clinker-input,0.656,t_cl/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND_Trans.xlsx`, Sheet `IND_Trans` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer),2015.0 -cement finishing,electricity-input,0.1736,MWh_el/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND_Trans.xlsx`, Sheet `IND_Trans` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer) with original value 0.6251 PJ per Mt cement.,2015.0 -cement finishing,investment,92700.2145,EUR/t_cement/h,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original value 10 EUR/t/year,2015.0 -cement finishing,lifetime,25.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer),2015.0 -cement finishing,slag-input,0.194,t_slag/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND_Trans.xlsx`, Sheet `IND_Trans` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer),2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.1752,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.3175,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.3667,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Total efficiency, net, name plate",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,investment,805.4212,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,35.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central coal CHP,FOM,1.6316,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central coal CHP,VOM,2.9438,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central coal CHP,c_b,0.84,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -central coal CHP,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cv coefficient,2015.0 -central coal CHP,efficiency,0.5183,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","01 Coal CHP: Electricity efficiency, condensation mode, net",2015.0 -central coal CHP,investment,1928.6967,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central coal CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.2473,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.7884,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,efficiency,5.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,investment,570.5067,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,lifetime,35.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas CHP,FOM,4.3023,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP,VOM,3.6685,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP,c_b,0.8533,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central gas CHP,c_v,0.17,per unit,DEA (loss of fuel for additional heat), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central gas CHP,efficiency,0.4133,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central gas CHP,investment,455.0353,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central gas CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,FOM,4.3023,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,VOM,3.6685,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,c_b,0.8533,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,efficiency,0.4133,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,investment,455.0353,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas boiler,FOM,3.0385,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central gas boiler,VOM,0.8113,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central gas boiler,efficiency,1.05,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","44 Natural Gas DH Only: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central gas boiler,investment,45.8563,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central gas boiler,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,FOM,1.1318,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,VOM,4.6575,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,investment,2060.0343,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,lifetime,31.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.2933,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.3341,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,1.77,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,investment,481.1381,EUR/kW_th excluding drive energy,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,28.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,FOM,6.3043,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,efficiency,0.52,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,investment,811.3032,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central resistive heater,FOM,2.6091,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central resistive heater,VOM,0.6702,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central resistive heater,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","41 Electric Boilers: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central resistive heater,investment,38.8015,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Nominal investment; 10/15 kV; >10 MW,2015.0 -central resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central solar thermal,FOM,1.4,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solar thermal,investment,148151.0278,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,FOM,2.8167,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,VOM,3.7309,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,c_b,0.3373,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency,0.343,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.8418,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,investment,3005.5731,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,lifetime,31.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,FOM,2.8167,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,VOM,3.7309,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_b,0.3373,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency,0.343,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.8418,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,investment,4196.7488,EUR/kW_e,Combination of central solid biomass CHP CC and solid biomass boiler steam,,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,lifetime,31.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,FOM,2.8167,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,VOM,3.7309,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_b,0.3373,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency,0.343,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency-heat,0.8418,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,investment,3005.5731,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,lifetime,31.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central water pit charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2020.0 -central water pit discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2020.0 -central water pit storage,Bottom storage temperature,35.0,⁰C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Typical bottom storage temperature,2020.0 -central water pit storage,FOM,0.2942,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -central water pit storage,Top storage temperature,90.0,⁰C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Typical max. storage temperature,2020.0 -central water pit storage,energy to power ratio,150.0,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2020.0 -central water pit storage,investment,0.8498,EUR/kWh Capacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Specific investment,2020.0 -central water pit storage,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -central water pit storage,standing losses,0.0052,%/hour,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Energy losses during storage,2020.0 -central water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2020.0 -central water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2020.0 -central water tank storage,FOM,1.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central water tank storage,energy to power ratio,58.8889,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2020.0 -central water tank storage,investment,2.4861,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Specific investment,2020.0 -central water tank storage,lifetime,46.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -central water tank storage,standing losses,0.0065,%/hour,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Energy losses during storage,2020.0 -central water tank storage,temperature difference,38.3333,"hot/cold, K","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Typical temperature difference,2020.0 -clean water tank storage,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0 -clean water tank storage,investment,69.1286,EUR/m^3-H2O,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0 -clean water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",, -coal,CO2 intensity,0.3361,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid-Emissionen des deutschen Strommix in den Jahren 1990 - 2018,, -coal,FOM,1.31,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100.",2023.0 -coal,VOM,3.2612,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3+5.5)USD/MWh_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR).",2023.0 -coal,efficiency,0.356,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. 1 / ((8.75+12) MMbtu/MWh_th /2 / (3.4095 MMbtu/MWh_th)), rounded up.",2023.0 -coal,fuel,9.5542,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on IEA 2011 data, 99 USD/t.",2010.0 -coal,investment,3827.1629,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Higher costs include coal plants with CCS, but since using here for calculating the average nevertheless. Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3200+6775) USD/kW_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR).",2023.0 -coal,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 -csp-tower,FOM,1.3,%/year,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power),Ratio between CAPEX and FOM from ATB database for “moderate” scenario.,2020.0 -csp-tower,investment,99.97,"EUR/kW_th,dp",ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include solar field and solar tower as well as EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant). Total costs (223,708,924 USD) are divided by active area (heliostat reflective area, 1,269,054 m2) and multiplied by design point DNI (0.95 kW/m2) to obtain EUR/kW_th. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR.",2020.0 -csp-tower,lifetime,30.0,years,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power),-,2020.0 -csp-tower TES,FOM,1.3,%/year,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -csp-tower TES,investment,13.39,EUR/kWh_th,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include the TES incl. EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant, 2.791 MW_th TES). Total costs (69390776.7 USD) are divided by TES size to obtain EUR/kW_th. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR.",2020.0 -csp-tower TES,lifetime,30.0,years,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -csp-tower power block,FOM,1.3,%/year,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -csp-tower power block,investment,700.34,EUR/kW_e,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include the power cycle incl. BOP and EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant). Total costs (135185685.5 USD) are divided by power block nameplate capacity size to obtain EUR/kW_e. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR.",2020.0 -csp-tower power block,lifetime,30.0,years,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -decentral CHP,FOM,3.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral CHP,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral CHP,investment,1481.5103,EUR/kWel,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,FOM,3.0562,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.8,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.3 Air to water existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,1132.2971,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,19.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,FOM,5.9818,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,efficiency,1.0033,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","202 Natural gas boiler: Total efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,investment,429.6801,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,lifetime,23.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler connection,investment,209.0251,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Possible additional specific investment,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler connection,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,1.8687,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,4.0667,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.7 Ground source existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,1851.8878,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,23.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,FOM,2.0,%/year,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,investment,165.0975,EUR/kWth,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf) (+eigene Berechnung), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,FOM,2.0,%/year,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,investment,105.8222,EUR/kWhth,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,FOM,1.3,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,investment,285719.8393,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2020.0 -decentral water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,FOM,1.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,VOM,0.2389,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Variable O&M,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,energy to power ratio,0.175,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,investment,488.1325,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Specific investment,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,lifetime,43.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,standing losses,2.3667,%/hour,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Energy losses during storage,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,temperature difference,30.0,"hot/cold, K","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Typical temperature difference,2020.0 -digestible biomass,fuel,17.0611,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOAGRW1, ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0 -digestible biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -digestible biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -digestible biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.39,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, -digestible biomass to hydrogen,investment,3177.8395,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -direct air capture,FOM,4.95,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,compression-electricity-input,0.15,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,compression-heat-output,0.2,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,electricity-input,0.4,MWh_el/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","0.4 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 0.182 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019). Should already include electricity for water scrubbing and compression (high quality CO2 output).",2020.0 -direct air capture,heat-input,1.6,MWh_th/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","Thermal energy demand. Provided via air-sourced heat pumps. 1.6 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 1.102 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019).",2020.0 -direct air capture,heat-output,0.8833,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,investment,4333333.3333,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct firing gas,FOM,1.0909,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas,VOM,0.2828,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing gas,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing gas,lifetime,18.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,FOM,1.0909,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,VOM,0.2828,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,lifetime,18.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,FOM,1.4545,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,VOM,0.3326,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,lifetime,18.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,FOM,1.4545,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,VOM,0.3326,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,lifetime,18.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Based on https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/capesize-freight-returns-below-operating-expense-levels-but-shipowners-reject-lay-ups/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","5000 USD/d OPEX, exchange rate: 1.15 USD = 1 EUR; absolute value calculate relative to investment cost.",2020.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,capacity,180000.0,t,-,"DWT; corresponds to size of Capesize bulk carriers which have previously docked at the habour in Hamburg, Germany. Short of 200 kt limit for VLBCs.",2020.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,investment,40000000.0,EUR,"Based on https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/dry-bulk-carriers-in-high-demand-as-rates-keep-rallying/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","See figure for ‘Dry Bulk Newbuild Prices’, Capesize at end of 2020. Exchange rate: 1.15 USD = 1 EUR.",2020.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,lifetime,25.0,years,"Based on https://mfame.guru/fall-life-expectancy-bulk-carriers/, accessed: 2022-12-03.",Expected lifetime.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,FOM,30.0,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","EAF has high OPEX of 62.99 EUR/year/t_steel, presumably because of electrode corrosion.",2020.0 -electric arc furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,electricity-input,0.6395,MWh_el/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘EAF’. ,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,hbi-input,1.0,t_hbi/t_steel,-,Assume HBI instead of scrap as input.Scrap would require higher input (in tonnes) as steel content is lower.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,investment,1839600.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",210 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘EAF’.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,FOM,30.0,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","EAF has high OPEX of 62.99 EUR/year/t_steel, presumably because of electrode corrosion.",2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,electricity-input,0.6395,MWh_el/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘EAF’. ,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,hbi-input,0.37,t_hbi/t_steel,"World Steel Association, Fact Sheet – Steel and raw materials: https://worldsteel.org/wp-content/uploads/Fact-sheet-raw-materials-2023-1.pdf, Accessed 2024-04-17.",Assume HBI instead of scrap as input.Scrap would require higher input (in tonnes) as steel content is lower.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,investment,1839600.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",210 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘EAF’.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,scrap-input,0.71,t_scrap/t_steel,"World Steel Association, Fact Sheet – Steel and raw materials: https://worldsteel.org/wp-content/uploads/Fact-sheet-raw-materials-2023-1.pdf, Accessed 2024-04-17.",,2020.0 -electric boiler steam,FOM,1.3227,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Fixed O&M,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,VOM,0.814,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Variable O&M,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","310.1 Electric boiler steam : Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -electric boiler steam,investment,73.8467,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Nominal investment,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Technical lifetime,2019.0 -electric steam cracker,FOM,3.0,%/year,Guesstimate,,2015.0 -electric steam cracker,VOM,190.4799,EUR/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",,2015.0 -electric steam cracker,carbondioxide-output,0.55,t_CO2/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), ",The report also references another source with 0.76 t_CO2/t_HVC, -electric steam cracker,electricity-input,2.7,MWh_el/t_HVC,"Lechtenböhmer et al. (2016): 10.1016/j.energy.2016.07.110, Section 4.3, page 6.",Assuming electrified processing., -electric steam cracker,investment,11124025.7434,EUR/(t_HVC/h),"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",Assuming CAPEX of 1200 €/t actually given in €/(t/a).,2015.0 -electric steam cracker,lifetime,30.0,years,Guesstimate,, -electric steam cracker,naphtha-input,14.8,MWh_naphtha/t_HVC,"Lechtenböhmer et al. (2016): 10.1016/j.energy.2016.07.110, Section 4.3, page 6.",, -electricity distribution grid,FOM,2.0,%/year,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity distribution grid,investment,529.1108,EUR/kW,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity distribution grid,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity grid connection,FOM,2.0,%/year,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity grid connection,investment,148.151,EUR/kW,DEA, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity grid connection,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electrobiofuels,C in fuel,0.9292,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,FOM,27.5158,%/year,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2015.0 -electrobiofuels,VOM,2.6107,EUR/MWh_th,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2017.0 -electrobiofuels,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -electrobiofuels,efficiency-biomass,1.325,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,efficiency-hydrogen,1.2543,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,efficiency-tot,0.6443,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,investment,392280.346,EUR/kW_th,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2017.0 -electrolysis,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 -electrolysis,efficiency,0.5595,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 -electrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.2976,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 -electrolysis,investment,1200.0,EUR/kW_e,private communications; IEA https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/9e0c82d4-06d2-496b-9542-f184ba803645/TheRoleofE-fuelsinDecarbonisingTransport.pdf,,2020.0 -electrolysis,lifetime,21.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -electrolysis small,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 -electrolysis small,efficiency,0.5595,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 -electrolysis small,efficiency-heat,0.2976,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 -electrolysis small,investment,2150.0,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Specific investment,2020.0 -electrolysis small,lifetime,21.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Technical lifetime of plant,2020.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,FOM,7.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.94,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.12,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,investment,928559.735,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 36 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 342000 t/year",2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol from starch crop,FOM,16.4,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original values FIXOM in MEUR/GW divided by INVCOST for the corresponding year",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,VOM,26.3497,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value 6.93 MEUR/PJ VAROM",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,efficiency,0.58,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production. Converted from 0.35 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,investment,603376.8073,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for USA and European production,2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,FOM,19.51,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original values FIXOM in MEUR/GW divided by INVCOST for the corresponding year",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,VOM,23.1751,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production, original value 6.09 MEUR/PJ VAROM",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,efficiency,0.45,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production. Converted from 0.292 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,investment,446537.78,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for Brazilian production,2015.0 -fuel cell,FOM,6.3043,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -fuel cell,efficiency,0.52,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -fuel cell,investment,811.3032,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -fuelwood,fuel,13.193,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOO (FuelwoodRW), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -gas,CO2 intensity,0.198,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 50 GJ/t CH4,, -gas,fuel,24.568,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -gas boiler steam,FOM,3.7125,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,VOM,1.0406,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.9467,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -gas boiler steam,investment,48.8242,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,lifetime,28.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -gas storage,FOM,0.5368,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",150 Underground Storage of Gas: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -gas storage,investment,0.2366,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",150 Underground Storage of Gas: Specific investment,2020.0 -gas storage,lifetime,100.0,years,TODO no source,"150 Underground Storage of Gas: estimation: most underground storage are already built, they do have a long lifetime",2020.0 -gas storage charger,investment,15.2479,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",,2020.0 -gas storage discharger,investment,5.0826,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",,2020.0 -geothermal,CO2 intensity,0.12,tCO2/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",Likely to be improved; Average of 85 percent of global egs power plant capacity; Result of fluid circulation through rock formations,2020.0 -geothermal,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",See Supplemental Material of source for details,2020.0 -geothermal,district heat surcharge,25.0,%,Frey et al. 2022: Techno-Economic Assessment of Geothermal Resources in the Variscan Basement of the Northern Upper Rhine Graben,"If capital cost of electric generation from EGS is 100%, district heating adds additional 25%. Costs incurred by piping.",2020.0 -geothermal,district heat-input,0.8,MWh_thdh/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, District Heat-output. This is an assessment of typical heat losses when heat is transmitted from the EGS plant to the DH network, This is a rough estimate, depends on local conditions",2020.0 -geothermal,lifetime,30.0,years,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",,2020.0 -helmeth,FOM,3.0,%/year,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -helmeth,efficiency,0.8,per unit,HELMETH press release, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -helmeth,investment,2116.4433,EUR/kW,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -helmeth,lifetime,25.0,years,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -home battery inverter,FOM,0.192,%/year,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -home battery inverter,efficiency,0.9633,per unit,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2020.0 -home battery inverter,investment,384.3266,EUR/kW,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2020.0 -home battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -home battery storage,investment,283.4346,EUR/kWh,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2020.0 -home battery storage,lifetime,36.6667,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -hydro,FOM,1.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -hydro,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -hydro,investment,2274.8177,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 -hydro,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,FOM,11.3,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","55.28 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ OPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15).",,2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,electricity-input,1.03,MWh_el/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ reduced by electricity demand of process ‘EAF’.,2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,hydrogen-input,2.1,MWh_H2/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2022-12-05). ","63 kg H2/t steel for process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ according to documentation (raw input files for MPP model list 73 kg H2 / t steel, which seems to high and is probably incorrect).",2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,investment,4277858.0,EUR/t_HBI/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","488.34 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ CAPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,ore-input,1.59,t_ore/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03). ",Based on process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’.,2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,compression-electricity-input,0.05,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.",1.707 kWh/kg.,2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,investment,87.69,EUR/kW_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.","2923 EUR/kg_H2. For a 206 kg/h compressor. Base CAPEX 40 528 EUR/kW_el with scale factor 0.4603. kg_H2 converted to MWh using LHV. Pressure range: 30 bar in, 250 bar out.",2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,lifetime,15.0,years,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,investment,13.5,EUR/kWh_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.","450 EUR/kg_H2 converted with LHV to MWh. For a type 1 hydrogen storage tank (steel, 15-250 bar). Currency year assumed 2020 for initial publication of reference; observe note in SI.4.3 that no currency year is explicitly stated in the reference.",2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,lifetime,20.0,years,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,min_fill_level,6.0,%,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,FOM,1.2121,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,investment,35.0922,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Specific investment,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,lifetime,28.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,FOM,0.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,VOM,0.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Variable O&M,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,investment,2.3395,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Specific investment,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,lifetime,100.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,FOM,0.0884,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,VOM,3.1888,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Variable O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,efficiency,3.3333,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,investment,914.8394,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Nominal investment,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,lifetime,26.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,FOM,0.1061,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,VOM,3.1888,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Variable O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,efficiency,2.9433,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,investment,762.3661,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,lifetime,26.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -iron ore DRI-ready,commodity,97.73,EUR/t,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://missionpossiblepartnership.org/action-sectors/steel/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","DRI ready assumes 65% iron content, requiring no additional benefication.",2020.0 -iron-air battery,FOM,1.1808,%/year,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery,investment,11.1494,EUR/kWh,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery,lifetime,17.5,years,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery charge,efficiency,0.74,per unit,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery discharge,efficiency,0.63,per unit,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -lignite,CO2 intensity,0.4069,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid-Emissionen des deutschen Strommix in den Jahren 1990 - 2018,, -lignite,FOM,1.31,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,VOM,3.2612,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3+5.5)USD/MWh_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR). Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,efficiency,0.33,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. 1 / ((8.75+12) MMbtu/MWh_th /2 / (3.4095 MMbtu/MWh_th)), rounded up. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,fuel,3.2985,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on IEA 2011 data, 10 USD/t.",2010.0 -lignite,investment,3827.1629,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Higher costs include coal plants with CCS, but since using here for calculating the average nevertheless. Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3200+6775) USD/kW_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR). Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf .",2023.0 -lignite,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -methanation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.2.3.1",,2017.0 -methanation,carbondioxide-input,0.198,t_CO2/MWh_CH4,"Götz et al. (2016): Renewable Power-to-Gas: A technological and economic review (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2015.07.066), Fig. 11 .",Additional H2 required for methanation process (2x H2 amount compared to stochiometric conversion)., -methanation,efficiency,0.8,per unit,Palzer and Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -methanation,hydrogen-input,1.282,MWh_H2/MWh_CH4,,Based on ideal conversion process of stochiometric composition (1 t CH4 contains 750 kg of carbon)., -methanation,investment,599.7787,EUR/kW_CH4,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 6: “Reference scenario”.",,2017.0 -methanation,lifetime,20.0,years,Guesstimate.,"Based on lifetime for methanolisation, Fischer-Tropsch plants.",2017.0 -methane storage tank incl. compressor,FOM,1.9,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor by DEA.",Based on assumptions for hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor (by DEA).,2014.0 -methane storage tank incl. compressor,investment,8961.5075,EUR/m^3,Storage costs per l: https://www.compositesworld.com/articles/pressure-vessels-for-alternative-fuels-2014-2023 (2021-02-10).,"Assume 5USD/l (= 4.23 EUR/l at 1.17 USD/EUR exchange rate) for type 1 pressure vessel for 200 bar storage and 100% surplus costs for including compressor costs with storage, based on similar assumptions by DEA for compressed hydrogen storage tanks.",2014.0 -methane storage tank incl. compressor,lifetime,30.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor by DEA.",Based on assumptions for hydrogen storage tank 1 including compressor (by DEA).,2014.0 -methanol,CO2 intensity,0.2482,tCO2/MWh_th,,, -methanol-to-kerosene,FOM,4.5,%/year,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",,2020.0 -methanol-to-kerosene,VOM,1.35,EUR/MWh_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",,2020.0 -methanol-to-kerosene,hydrogen-input,0.0279,MWh_H2/MWh_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 6.","Assuming LHV 11.94 kWh/kg for kerosene, 5.54 kWh/kg for methanol, 33.3 kWh/kg for hydrogen.", -methanol-to-kerosene,investment,234500.0,EUR/MW_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",,2020.0 -methanol-to-kerosene,lifetime,30.0,years,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",, -methanol-to-kerosene,methanol-input,1.0764,MWh_MeOH/MWh_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 6.","Assuming LHV 11.94 kWh/kg for kerosene, 5.54 kWh/kg for methanol, 33.3 kWh/kg for hydrogen.", -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,FOM,3.0,%/year,Guesstimate,same as steam cracker,2015.0 -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,VOM,31.7466,EUR/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35", ,2015.0 -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,carbondioxide-output,0.6107,t_CO2/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Sections 4.5 (for ethylene and propylene) and 4.6 (for BTX)","Weighted average: 0.4 t_MeOH/t_ethylene+propylene for 21.7 Mt of ethylene and 17 Mt of propylene, 1.13 t_CO2/t_BTX for 15.7 Mt of BTX. The report also references process emissions of 0.55 t_MeOH/t_ethylene+propylene elsewhere. ", -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,electricity-input,1.3889,MWh_el/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), page 69",5 GJ/t_HVC , -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,investment,2781006.4359,EUR/(t_HVC/h),"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",Assuming CAPEX of 1200 €/t actually given in €/(t/a).,2015.0 -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,lifetime,30.0,years,Guesstimate,same as steam cracker, -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,methanol-input,18.03,MWh_MeOH/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Sections 4.5 (for ethylene and propylene) and 4.6 (for BTX)","Weighted average: 2.83 t_MeOH/t_ethylene+propylene for 21.7 Mt of ethylene and 17 Mt of propylene, 4.2 t_MeOH/t_BTX for 15.7 Mt of BTX. Assuming 5.54 MWh_MeOH/t_MeOH. ", -methanolisation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.1.",,2017.0 -methanolisation,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -methanolisation,carbondioxide-input,0.248,t_CO2/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 66.",, -methanolisation,electricity-input,0.271,MWh_e/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 65.",, -methanolisation,heat-output,0.1,MWh_th/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 65.",steam generation of 2 GJ/t_MeOH, -methanolisation,hydrogen-input,1.138,MWh_H2/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 64.",189 kg_H2 per t_MeOH, -methanolisation,investment,611732.6641,EUR/MW_MeOH,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 8: “Reference scenario”.","Well developed technology, no significant learning expected.",2017.0 -methanolisation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (04/2022), Data sheet “Methanol to Power”.",,2017.0 -micro CHP,FOM,5.9091,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -micro CHP,efficiency,0.377,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Electric efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -micro CHP,efficiency-heat,0.6057,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -micro CHP,investment,6424.709,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 -micro CHP,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,FOM,11.3,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,gas-input,2.78,MWh_NG/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",Original value 10 GJ/t_DRI.,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,investment,4277858.0,EUR/t_HBI/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.","488.34 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ CAPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,ore-input,1.59,t_ore/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",, -nuclear,FOM,1.27,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (131.5+152.75)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) relative to investment costs.",2023.0 -nuclear,VOM,3.5464,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (4.25+5)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 -nuclear,efficiency,0.326,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on heat rate of 10.45 MMBtu/MWh_e and 3.4095 MMBtu/MWh_th, i.e. 1/(10.45/3.4095) = 0.3260.",2023.0 -nuclear,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -nuclear,investment,8594.1354,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (8475+13925)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 -nuclear,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 -offwind,FOM,1.951,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Fixed O&M [EUR/MW_e/y, 2020]",2020.0 -offwind,VOM,0.0212,EUR/MWhel,RES costs made up to fix curtailment order, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind,investment,1699.9596,"EUR/kW_e, 2020","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Nominal investment [MEUR/MW_e, 2020] grid connection costs subtracted from investment costs",2020.0 -offwind,lifetime,32.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2841.3251,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,1420.1334,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-ac-station,investment,264.5554,EUR/kWel,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2116.4433,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,1058.2216,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017; average + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-station,investment,423.2887,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017; assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-float,FOM,1.22,%/year,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0 -offwind-float,investment,1960.0,EUR/kWel,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0 -offwind-float,lifetime,20.0,years,C. Maienza 2020 A life cycle cost model for floating offshore wind farms,,2020.0 -offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2118.5597,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf,,2014.0 -offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,1039.4778,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017, average + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 -offwind-float-station,investment,415.7911,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017, assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 -oil,CO2 intensity,0.2571,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 44 GJ/t diesel and -CH2- approximation of diesel,, -oil,FOM,3.0725,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -oil,VOM,3.9507,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0 -oil,efficiency,0.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","50 Diesel engine farm: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -oil,fuel,52.9111,EUR/MWhth,IEA WEM2017 97USD/boe = http://www.iea.org/media/weowebsite/2017/WEM_Documentation_WEO2017.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -oil,investment,286.9192,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Specific investment,2015.0 -oil,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -onwind,FOM,1.1862,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -onwind,VOM,1.2148,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Variable O&M,2015.0 -onwind,investment,955.9004,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Nominal investment ,2015.0 -onwind,lifetime,35.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -organic rankine cycle,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551","Both for flash, binary and ORC plants. See Supplemental Material for details",2020.0 -organic rankine cycle,electricity-input,0.12,MWh_el/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, Electricity-output. This is a rough estimate, depends on input temperature, implies ~150 C.",2020.0 -organic rankine cycle,investment,1376.0,EUR/kW_el,Tartiere and Astolfi 2017: A world overview of the organic Rankine cycle market,"Low rollout complicates the estimation, compounded by a dependence both on plant size and temperature, converted from 1500 USD/kW using currency conversion 1.09 USD = 1 EUR.",2020.0 -organic rankine cycle,lifetime,30.0,years,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",,2020.0 -ror,FOM,2.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -ror,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -ror,investment,3412.2266,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 -ror,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -seawater RO desalination,electricity-input,0.003,MWHh_el/t_H2O,"Caldera et al. (2016): Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Fig. 4.",Desalination using SWRO. Assume medium salinity of 35 Practical Salinity Units (PSUs) = 35 kg/m^3., -seawater desalination,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2015.0 -seawater desalination,electricity-input,3.0348,kWh/m^3-H2O,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Fig. 4.",, -seawater desalination,investment,27828.5154,EUR/(m^3-H2O/h),"Caldera et al 2017: Learning Curve for Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination Plants: Capital Cost Trend of the Past, Present, and Future (https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR021402), Table 4.",,2015.0 -seawater desalination,lifetime,30.0,years,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",, -shipping fuel methanol,CO2 intensity,0.2482,tCO2/MWh_th,-,Based on stochiometric composition.,2020.0 -shipping fuel methanol,fuel,72.0,EUR/MWh_th,"Based on (source 1) Hampp et al (2022), https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.01092, and (source 2): https://www.methanol.org/methanol-price-supply-demand/; both accessed: 2022-12-03.",400 EUR/t assuming range roughly in the long-term range for green methanol (source 1) and late 2020+beyond values for grey methanol (source 2).,2020.0 -solar,FOM,1.8418,%/year,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop' and 50% 'solar-utility',2020.0 -solar,VOM,0.0106,EUR/MWhel,RES costs made up to fix curtailment order, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -solar,investment,504.3093,EUR/kW_e,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop' and 50% 'solar-utility',2020.0 -solar,lifetime,38.3333,years,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop' and 50% 'solar-utility',2020.0 -solar-rooftop,FOM,1.3921,%/year,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop,discount rate,0.04,per unit,standard for decentral, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -solar-rooftop,investment,652.2367,EUR/kW_e,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop,lifetime,38.3333,years,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,FOM,1.5111,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,investment,529.4061,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,lifetime,38.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,FOM,1.273,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,investment,775.0673,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,lifetime,38.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-utility,FOM,2.2915,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-utility,investment,356.3818,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-utility,lifetime,38.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,FOM,2.2929,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,investment,411.4232,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,lifetime,38.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solid biomass,CO2 intensity,0.3667,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 18 GJ/t_DM LHV and 50% C-content for solid biomass,, -solid biomass,fuel,13.6489,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOOW1 (secondary forest residue wood chips), ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,FOM,5.979,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,VOM,2.8448,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,efficiency,0.91,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,investment,567.5818,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,lifetime,31.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,FOM,5.979,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,VOM,2.8448,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,efficiency,0.91,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,investment,567.5818,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,lifetime,31.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -solid biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -solid biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -solid biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.56,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, -solid biomass to hydrogen,investment,3177.8395,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,FOM,5.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",CO2 volume captured / (Stream flowrate * Max. capacity utilization * CO2 in exhaust * 8760),2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,investment,3561435.753,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 1342 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 3324000 t/year",2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -uranium,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -waste CHP,FOM,2.3477,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -waste CHP,VOM,23.0567,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -waste CHP,c_b,0.2639,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP,efficiency,0.234,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP,efficiency-heat,0.8278,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP,investment,6671.1194,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -waste CHP,lifetime,31.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,FOM,2.3477,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,VOM,23.0567,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,c_b,0.2639,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,efficiency,0.234,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.8278,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,investment,6671.1194,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,lifetime,31.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -water tank charger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -water tank discharger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 diff --git a/ariadne-data/costs/optimist/costs_2045.csv b/ariadne-data/costs/optimist/costs_2045.csv deleted file mode 100644 index 166c8e03e..000000000 --- a/ariadne-data/costs/optimist/costs_2045.csv +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1238 +0,0 @@ -technology,parameter,value,unit,source,further description,currency_year -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,FOM,2.8,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,VOM,0.2389,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,electricity-input,1.38,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,investment,429.0306,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,lifetime,40.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,FOM,2.3,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,VOM,0.2389,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,electricity-input,1.416,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,investment,506.0332,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,FOM,2.3,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,VOM,0.1934,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,electricity-input,1.41,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,investment,582.922,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW, -Ammonia cracker,FOM,4.3,%/year,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 7.","Estimated based on Labour cost rate, Maintenance cost rate, Insurance rate, Admin. cost rate and Chemical & other consumables cost rate.",2015.0 -Ammonia cracker,ammonia-input,1.46,MWh_NH3/MWh_H2,"ENGIE et al (2020): Ammonia to Green Hydrogen Feasibility Study (https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/880826/HS420_-_Ecuity_-_Ammonia_to_Green_Hydrogen.pdf), Fig. 10.",Assuming a integrated 200t/d cracking and purification facility. Electricity demand (316 MWh per 2186 MWh_LHV H2 output) is assumed to also be ammonia LHV input which seems a fair assumption as the facility has options for a higher degree of integration according to the report)., -Ammonia cracker,investment,699718.4683,EUR/MW_H2,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 6.",Calculated. For a small (200 t_NH3/d input) facility. Base cost for facility: 51 MEUR at capacity 20 000m^3_NH3/h = 339 t_NH3/d input. Cost scaling exponent 0.67. Ammonia density 0.7069 kg/m^3. Conversion efficiency of cracker: 0.685. Ammonia LHV: 5.167 MWh/t_NH3.; and Calculated. For a large (2500 t_NH3/d input) facility. Base cost for facility: 51 MEUR at capacity 20 000m^3_NH3/h = 339 t_NH3/d input. Cost scaling exponent 0.67. Ammonia density 0.7069 kg/m^3. Conversion efficiency of cracker: 0.685. Ammonia LHV: 5.167 MWh/t_NH3.,2015.0 -Ammonia cracker,lifetime,25.0,years,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 7.",,2015.0 -BEV Bus city,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,Motor size,424.1379,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,efficiency,0.6726,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,investment,198549.2586,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Coach,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,Motor size,539.6552,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,efficiency,0.65,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,investment,279089.0621,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,Motor size,813.7931,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,efficiency,1.156,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,investment,151213.8954,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,lifetime,10.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,Motor size,470.6897,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,efficiency,0.7343,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,investment,188744.5463,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,Motor size,1077.5862,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,efficiency,1.2875,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,investment,167722.8037,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),FOM,0.9,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),efficiency,0.68,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),investment,23827.0,EUR/PKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (trucks),FOM,16.0,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (trucks),2020.0 -Battery electric (trucks),investment,131200.0,EUR/LKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (trucks),2020.0 -Battery electric (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (trucks),2020.0 -BioSNG,C in fuel,0.3465,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,C stored,0.6535,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,CO2 stored,0.2396,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,FOM,1.3758,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Fixed O&M",2020.0 -BioSNG,VOM,1.4533,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Variable O&M",2020.0 -BioSNG,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -BioSNG,efficiency,0.6417,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Bio SNG Output",2020.0 -BioSNG,investment,1683.7167,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Specific investment",2020.0 -BioSNG,lifetime,25.0,years,TODO,"84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -BtL,C in fuel,0.3039,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,C stored,0.6961,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,CO2 stored,0.2552,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,FOM,47.7026,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Fixed O&M",2020.0 -BtL,VOM,0.8529,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Variable O&M",2020.0 -BtL,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -BtL,efficiency,0.4333,per unit,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Electricity Output",2020.0 -BtL,investment,2338.825,EUR/kW_th,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Specific investment",2017.0 -BtL,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Technical lifetime",2020.0 -CCGT,FOM,2.9521,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -CCGT,VOM,3.4216,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Variable O&M",2015.0 -CCGT,c_b,1.55,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -CCGT,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -CCGT,efficiency,0.61,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -CCGT,investment,772.5018,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Nominal investment",2015.0 -CCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -CH4 (g) fill compressor station,FOM,1.7,%/year,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0 -CH4 (g) fill compressor station,investment,1654.96,EUR/MW_CH4,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station cost.","Assume same ratio as between H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station, i.e. 1:19 , due to a lack of reliable numbers.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) fill compressor station,lifetime,20.0,years,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,FOM,1.5,%/year,Assume same as for H2 (g) pipeline in 2050 (CH4 pipeline as mature technology).,"Due to lack of numbers, use comparable H2 pipeline assumptions.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,electricity-input,0.01,MW_e/1000km/MW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: 112 6 gas Main distri line.","Assumption for gas pipeline >100MW, 0.1% per station and spacing of 100km yields 1%/1000km. Electric compression.",2015.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,investment,87.22,EUR/MW/km,Guesstimate.,"Based on Arab Gas Pipeline: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Gas_Pipeline: cost = 1.2e9 $-US (year = ?), capacity=10.3e9 m^3/a NG, l=1200km, NG-LHV=39MJ/m^3*90% (also Wikipedia estimate from here https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_of_combustion). Presumed to include booster station cost.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,lifetime,50.0,years,Assume same as for H2 (g) pipeline in 2050 (CH4 pipeline as mature technology).,"Due to lack of numbers, use comparable H2 pipeline assumptions.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,FOM,3.0,%/year,"d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material.",-,2015.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,electricity-input,0.01,MW_e/1000km/MW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: 112 6 gas Main distri line.","Assumption for gas pipeline >100MW, 0.1% per station and spacing of 100km yields 1%/1000km. Electric compression.",2015.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,investment,119.3173,EUR/MW/km,Kaiser (2017): 10.1016/j.marpol.2017.05.003 .,"Based on Gulfstream pipeline costs (430 mi long pipeline for natural gas in deep/shallow waters) of 2.72e6 USD/mi and 1.31 bn ft^3/d capacity (36 in diameter), LHV of methane 13.8888 MWh/t and density of 0.657 kg/m^3 and 1.17 USD:1EUR conversion rate = 102.4 EUR/MW/km. Number is without booster station cost. Estimation of additional cost for booster stations based on H2 (g) pipeline numbers from Guidehouse (2020): European Hydrogen Backbone report and Danish Energy Agency (2021): Technology Data for Energy Transport, were booster stations make ca. 6% of pipeline cost; here add additional 10% for booster stations as they need to be constructed submerged or on plattforms. (102.4*1.1).",2014.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,lifetime,30.0,years,"d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material.",-,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,capacity,58300.0,t_CH4,"Calculated, based on Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",based on 138 000 m^3 capacity and LNG density of 0.4226 t/m^3 .,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,investment,159791465.6831,EUR,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,lifetime,25.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2015.0 -CH4 evaporation,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 evaporation,investment,91.1101,EUR/kW_CH4,"Calculated, based on Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306","based on 100 MUSD-2005/(1 bcm/a), 1 bcm = 10.6 TWh, currency exchange rate: 1.15 USD=1 EUR.",2005.0 -CH4 evaporation,lifetime,30.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,electricity-input,0.036,MWh_el/MWh_CH4,"Pospíšil et al. (2019): Energy demand of liquefaction and regasification of natural gas and the potential of LNG for operative thermal energy storage (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.09.027), Table 2 and Table 3. alternative source 2: https://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/methane (accessed 2021-02-10).","Assuming 0.5 MWh/t_CH4 for refigeration cycle based on Table 2 of source; cleaning of gas presumed unnecessary as it should be nearly pure CH4 (=SNG). Assuming energy required is only electricity which is for Table 3 in the source provided with efficiencies of ~50% of LHV, making the numbers consistent with the numbers in Table 2.", -CH4 liquefaction,investment,241.443,EUR/kW_CH4,"Calculated, based on Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306","based on 265 MUSD-2005/(1 bcm/a), 1 bcm = 10.6 TWh, currency exchange rate: 1.15 USD=1 EUR.",2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,lifetime,25.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,methane-input,1.0,MWh_CH4/MWh_CH4,"Pospíšil et al. (2019): Energy demand of liquefaction and regasification of natural gas and the potential of LNG for operative thermal energy storage (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.09.027), Table 2 and Table 3. alternative source 2: https://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/methane (accessed 2021-02-10).","For refrigeration cycle, cleaning of gas presumed unnecessary as it should be nearly pure CH4 (=SNG). Assuming energy required is only electricity which is for Table 3 in the source provided with efficiencies of ~50% of LHV, making the numbers consistent with the numbers in Table 2.", -CO2 liquefaction,FOM,5.0,%/year,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,,2004.0 -CO2 liquefaction,carbondioxide-input,1.0,t_CO2/t_CO2,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,"Assuming a pure, humid, low-pressure input stream. Neglecting possible gross-effects of CO2 which might be cycled for the cooling process.", -CO2 liquefaction,electricity-input,0.123,MWh_el/t_CO2,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,, -CO2 liquefaction,heat-input,0.0067,MWh_th/t_CO2,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,For drying purposes., -CO2 liquefaction,investment,16.7226,EUR/t_CO2/h,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,"Plant capacity of 20 kt CO2 / d and an uptime of 85%. For a high purity, humid, low pressure input stream, includes drying and compression necessary for liquefaction.",2004.0 -CO2 liquefaction,lifetime,25.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on CH4 liquefaction.",,2004.0 -CO2 pipeline,FOM,0.9,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",,2015.0 -CO2 pipeline,investment,2116.4433,EUR/(tCO2/h)/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",Assuming the 120-500 t CO2/h range that is based on cost of a 12 inch onshore pipeline.,2015.0 -CO2 pipeline,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",,2015.0 -CO2 storage tank,FOM,1.0,%/year,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, pg. 2746 .","Assuming a 3000m^3 pressurised steel cylinder tanks and a CO2 density of 1100 kg/m^3 (close to triple point at -56.6°C and 5.2 bar with max density of 1200kg/m^3 ). Lauri et al. report costs 3x higher per m^3 for steel tanks, which are consistent with other sources. The numbers reported are in rather difficult to pinpoint as systems can greatly vary.",2013.0 -CO2 storage tank,investment,2584.3462,EUR/t_CO2,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, Table 3.","Assuming a 3000m^3 pressurised steel cylinder tanks and a CO2 density of 1100 kg/m^3 (close to triple point at -56.6°C and 5.2 bar with max density of 1200kg/m^3 ). Lauri et al. report costs 3x higher per m^3 for steel tanks, which are consistent with other sources. The numbers reported are in rather difficult to pinpoint as systems can greatly vary.",2013.0 -CO2 storage tank,lifetime,25.0,years,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, pg. 2746 .","Assuming a 3000m^3 pressurised steel cylinder tanks and a CO2 density of 1100 kg/m^3 (close to triple point at -56.6°C and 5.2 bar with max density of 1200kg/m^3 ). Lauri et al. report costs 3x higher per m^3 for steel tanks, which are consistent with other sources. The numbers reported are in rather difficult to pinpoint as systems can greatly vary.",2013.0 -CO2 submarine pipeline,FOM,0.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",,2015.0 -CO2 submarine pipeline,investment,4232.8865,EUR/(tCO2/h)/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",Assuming the 120-500 t CO2/h range that is based on cost of a 12 inch offshore pipeline.,2015.0 -Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,FOM,1.6,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,investment,448894.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,FOM,2.2,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,investment,1788360.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,FOM,2.2,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,investment,1787894.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,FOM,1.8,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,investment,1005.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,FOM,0.9265,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.64 (p.86) Figure 4.14","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,efficiency,0.7211,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.52^0.5']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,investment,946180.9426,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Turbine Compressor BOP EPC Management']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-store,FOM,0.43,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB 4.5.2.1 Fixed O&M p.62 (p.84)","{'carrier': ['pair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-store,investment,5448.7894,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.64 (p.86)","{'carrier': ['pair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Cavern Storage']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['pair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,investment,144192.2682,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,efficiency,0.4343,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,investment,576769.073,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Concrete-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['concrete'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Concrete-store,investment,24044.2324,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['concrete'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -Concrete-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['concrete'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -"Container feeder, ammonia",efficiency,0.7754,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container feeder, ammonia",investment,34966212.0251,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container feeder, ammonia",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container feeder, diesel",efficiency,0.7718,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, diesel",2023.0 -"Container feeder, diesel",investment,34966212.0251,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, diesel",2023.0 -"Container feeder, diesel",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, diesel",2023.0 -"Container feeder, methanol",efficiency,0.7711,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, methanol",2023.0 -"Container feeder, methanol",investment,34966212.0251,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, methanol",2023.0 -"Container feeder, methanol",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, methanol",2023.0 -"Container, ammonia",efficiency,1.7094,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container, ammonia",investment,119652947.2851,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container, ammonia",lifetime,32.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container, diesel",efficiency,1.6399,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, diesel",2023.0 -"Container, diesel",investment,119652947.2851,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, diesel",2023.0 -"Container, diesel",lifetime,33.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, diesel",2023.0 -"Container, methanol",efficiency,1.7001,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, methanol",2023.0 -"Container, methanol",investment,119652947.2851,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, methanol",2023.0 -"Container, methanol",lifetime,33.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, methanol",2023.0 -Diesel Bus city,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,Motor size,250.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,efficiency,1.4937,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,investment,150756.2732,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,Motor size,350.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,efficiency,1.6249,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,investment,231296.0768,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,FOM,0.0005,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,Motor size,380.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,efficiency,2.8697,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,investment,142012.114,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,lifetime,10.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,Motor size,311.0345,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,efficiency,1.671,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,investment,155444.0931,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,Motor size,382.3529,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,efficiency,2.7665,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,investment,177515.1425,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,Motor size,435.1724,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,VOM,0.0979,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,efficiency,1.2722,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,investment,223691.9883,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Coach,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,Motor size,435.1724,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,efficiency,1.2451,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,investment,356840.1722,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,Motor size,578.4483,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,efficiency,2.2051,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,investment,139809.9795,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,lifetime,10.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,Motor size,432.7586,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,efficiency,1.4456,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,investment,193179.1609,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,Motor size,432.7586,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,efficiency,2.4422,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,investment,215250.2103,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FT fuel transport ship,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -FT fuel transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_FTfuel,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -FT fuel transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -FT fuel transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.1.",,2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,VOM,1.7369,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",102 Hydrogen to Jet: Variable O&M,2020.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -Fischer-Tropsch,carbondioxide-input,0.2885,t_CO2/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","Input per 1t FT liquid fuels output, carbon efficiency increases with years (4.3, 3.9, 3.6, 3.3 t_CO2/t_FT from 2020-2050 with LHV 11.95 MWh_th/t_FT).", -Fischer-Tropsch,efficiency,0.799,per unit,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.2.",,2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,electricity-input,0.007,MWh_el/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","0.005 MWh_el input per FT output, output increasing from 2020 to 2050 (0.65, 0.7, 0.73, 0.75 MWh liquid FT output).", -Fischer-Tropsch,hydrogen-input,1.345,MWh_H2/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","0.995 MWh_H2 per output, output increasing from 2020 to 2050 (0.65, 0.7, 0.73, 0.75 MWh liquid FT output).", -Fischer-Tropsch,investment,565735.7731,EUR/MW_FT,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 8: “Reference scenario”.","Well developed technology, no significant learning expected.",2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (04/2022), Data sheet “Methanol to Power”.",,2017.0 -Gasnetz,FOM,2.5,%,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz,2020.0 -Gasnetz,investment,28.0,EUR/kWGas,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz,2020.0 -Gasnetz,lifetime,30.0,years,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz,2020.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),FOM,6.25,%/year,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , figure 7 and pg. 12 .",Assuming ca. 10 EUR/m^3/a (center value between stand alone and addon facility).,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),investment,137.8999,EUR/m^3,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 8F .",Assumed 20% lower than for product storage. Crude or middle distillate tanks are usually larger compared to product storage due to lower requirements on safety and different construction method. Reference size used here: 80 000 – 120 000 m^3 .,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),lifetime,30.0,years,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 11.",,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),FOM,6.25,%/year,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , figure 7 and pg. 12 .",Assuming ca. 10 EUR/m^3/a (center value between stand alone and addon facility).,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),investment,172.3748,EUR/m^3,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 8F .",Assumed at the higher end for addon facilities/mid-range for stand-alone facilities. Product storage usually smaller due to higher requirements on safety and different construction method. Reference size used here: 40 000 - 60 000 m^3 .,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),lifetime,30.0,years,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 11.",,2012.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.76 (p.98) Sentence 1 in 4.7.2 Operating Costs","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['1.5 percent of capital cost']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,efficiency,0.9274,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.36","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.86^0.5']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,investment,415570.5177,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 0% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,lifetime,41.7,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.36","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-store,investment,157381.7274,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 15% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['gravity'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Gravitational Capital (SB+BOS)']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-store,lifetime,41.7,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.36","{'carrier': ['gravity'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.76 (p.98) Sentence 1 in 4.7.2 Operating Costs","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['1.5 percent of capital cost']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,efficiency,0.9014,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level ((0.785+0.84)/2)^0.5']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,investment,365630.713,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 0% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-store,investment,121755.0274,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 15% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['gravitywa'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Gravitational Capital (SB+BOS)']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['gravitywa'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.76 (p.98) Sentence 1 in 4.7.2 Operating Costs","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['1.5 percent of capital cost']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,efficiency,0.9014,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level ((0.785+0.84)/2)^0.5']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,investment,905158.9602,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 0% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-store,investment,95982.5211,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 15% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['gravitywu'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Gravitational Capital (SB+BOS)']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['gravitywu'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -H2 (g) fill compressor station,FOM,1.7,%/year,"Guidehouse 2020: European Hydrogen Backbone report, https://guidehouse.com/-/media/www/site/downloads/energy/2020/gh_european-hydrogen-backbone_report.pdf (table 3, table 5)","Pessimistic (highest) value chosen for 48'' pipeline w/ 13GW_H2 LHV @ 100bar pressure. Currency year: Not clearly specified, assuming year of publication. Forecast year: Not clearly specified, guessing based on text remarks.",2020.0 -H2 (g) fill compressor station,investment,4738.7164,EUR/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), pg. 164, Figure 14 (Fill compressor).","Assumption for staging 35→140bar, 6000 MW_HHV single line pipeline. Considering HHV/LHV ration for H2.",2015.0 -H2 (g) fill compressor station,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), pg. 168, Figure 24 (Fill compressor).",,2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,FOM,1.9167,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, > 6000 MW_HHV single line pipeline, incl. booster station investments. Considering LHV by scaling with LHV/HHV=0.8462623413.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,electricity-input,0.0175,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,investment,303.6845,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 4.4 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, > 6000 MW_HHV single line pipeline, incl. booster station investments. Considering LHV by scaling with LHV/HHV=0.8462623413.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,FOM,1.9167,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.",Same as for new H2 (g) pipeline.,2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,electricity-input,0.0175,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,investment,129.4682,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line repurposed pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 0.8 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.",Same as for new H2 (g) pipeline.,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,FOM,3.0,%/year,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,electricity-input,0.0175,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,investment,456.1165,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line offshore pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 7.48 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,lifetime,30.0,years,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,FOM,3.0,%/year,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,electricity-input,0.0175,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,investment,160.1562,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line repurposed offshore pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 1.5 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,lifetime,30.0,years,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (l) storage tank,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.",Assuming currency year and technology year here (25 EUR/kg).,2015.0 -H2 (l) storage tank,investment,793.7456,EUR/MWh_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.","Assuming currency year and technology year here (25 EUR/kg). Future target cost. Today’s cost potentially higher according to d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material pg. 16.",2015.0 -H2 (l) storage tank,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.",Assuming currency year and technology year here (25 EUR/kg).,2015.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,capacity,11000.0,t_H2,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,investment,393737000.0,EUR,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,lifetime,20.0,years,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 evaporation,FOM,2.5,%/year,"DNV GL (2020): Study on the Import of Liquid Renewable Energy: Technology Cost Assessment, https://www.gie.eu/wp-content/uploads/filr/2598/DNV-GL_Study-GLE-Technologies-and-costs-analysis-on-imports-of-liquid-renewable-energy.pdf .",,2020.0 -H2 evaporation,investment,80.0948,EUR/kW_H2,"IRENA (2022): Global Hydrogen Trade to Meet the 1.5° Climate Goal: Technology Review of Hydrogen Carriers, https://www.irena.org/publications/2022/Apr/Global-hydrogen-trade-Part-II , pg. 62f.","Pessimistic assumption for large scale facility / near-term estimate for medium sized facility, in between low / mid estimate with e.g. DNV numbers (Fig. 3.15).; and Optimistic assumption for large scale facility 2500 t/d, cf Fig. 3.15 .",2022.0 -H2 evaporation,lifetime,20.0,years,Guesstimate.,Based on lifetime of liquefaction plant.,2015.0 -H2 liquefaction,FOM,2.5,%/year,"DNV GL (2020): Study on the Import of Liquid Renewable Energy: Technology Cost Assessment, https://www.gie.eu/wp-content/uploads/filr/2598/DNV-GL_Study-GLE-Technologies-and-costs-analysis-on-imports-of-liquid-renewable-energy.pdf .",,2020.0 -H2 liquefaction,electricity-input,0.203,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"Heuser et al. (2019): Techno-economic analysis of a potential energy trading link between Patagonia and Japan based on CO2 free hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.12.156), table 1.","6.78 kWh/kg_H2, considering H2 with LHV of 33.3333 MWh/t", -H2 liquefaction,hydrogen-input,1.017,MWh_H2/MWh_H2,"Heuser et al. (2019): Techno-economic analysis of a potential energy trading link between Patagonia and Japan based on CO2 free hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.12.156), table 1.",corresponding to 1.65% losses during liquefaction, -H2 liquefaction,investment,622.9598,EUR/kW_H2,"IRENA (2022): Global Hydrogen Trade to Meet the 1.5° Climate Goal: Technology Review of Hydrogen Carriers, https://www.irena.org/publications/2022/Apr/Global-hydrogen-trade-Part-II , pg. 62f.","Assumption for a 200t/d facility (Pessimistic long-term or optimistic short-term value).; and Assumption for a large >300t/d, e.g. 2500 t/d facility (Optimistic long-term value without change in base technology mentioned in report).",2022.0 -H2 liquefaction,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2022.0 -H2 pipeline,FOM,3.0,%/year,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -H2 pipeline,investment,282.5452,EUR/MW/km,Welder et al https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.05.059, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -H2 pipeline,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,FOM,5.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,VOM,0.5118,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,electricity-input,0.097,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification,investment,1467.9399,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification,wood-input,1.804,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification CC,FOM,5.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification CC,VOM,0.5232,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification CC,electricity-input,0.143,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification CC,investment,1489.0957,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification CC,wood-input,1.804,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification,FOM,6.3,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification,VOM,0.5061,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification,coal-input,1.62,MWh_coal/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification,electricity-input,0.02,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification,investment,399.1168,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification CC,FOM,6.54,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification CC,VOM,0.1479,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification CC,coal-input,1.62,MWh_coal/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification CC,electricity-input,0.023,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification CC,investment,413.4481,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,FOM,5.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,VOM,0.1592,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,electricity-input,0.063,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,investment,491.1331,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,lifetime,25.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,oil-input,1.3,MWh_oil/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,FOM,4.9,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,VOM,0.2047,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,electricity-input,0.02,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,gas-input,1.25,MWh_NG/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,investment,180.0518,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,FOM,6.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,VOM,0.0796,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,electricity-input,0.039,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,gas-input,1.4,MWh_NG/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,investment,217.5863,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,FOM,4.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,VOM,0.7393,EUR/MWh,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,electricity-input,0.044,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,investment,590.6564,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,wood-input,1.36,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -HVAC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVAC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVAC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,investment,165803.0398,EUR/MW,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC submarine,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0 -HVDC submarine,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1,2017.0 -HVDC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0 -HVDC underground,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 -HVDC underground,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1 (same as for HVDC submarine),2017.0 -HVDC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 -Haber-Bosch,FOM,3.1222,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,VOM,0.0131,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Variable O&M,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,electricity-input,0.2473,MWh_el/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), table 11.",Assume 5 GJ/t_NH3 for compressors and NH3 LHV = 5.16666 MWh/t_NH3., -Haber-Bosch,hydrogen-input,1.1484,MWh_H2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.","178 kg_H2 per t_NH3, LHV for both assumed.", -Haber-Bosch,investment,832.0355,EUR/kW_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,nitrogen-input,0.1597,t_N2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.",".33 MWh electricity are required for ASU per t_NH3, considering 0.4 MWh are required per t_N2 and LHV of NH3 of 5.1666 Mwh.", -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,investment,144192.2682,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,efficiency,0.4444,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,investment,576769.073,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['salthight'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-store,investment,94107.5489,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['salthight'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['salthight'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),FOM,1.2,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),efficiency,0.48,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),investment,28160.0,EUR/PKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),FOM,12.4,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),efficiency,0.56,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),investment,122939.0,EUR/LKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,FOM,0.6345,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,efficiency,0.6963,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133) include inverter 0.98 & transformer efficiency 0.98 ","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Electrolyzer']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,investment,347170.8209,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.113 (p.135)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Electrolyzer']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,lifetime,30.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,FOM,0.5812,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,efficiency,0.4869,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133) include inverter 0.98 & transformer efficiency 0.98 ","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Fuel Cell']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,investment,379007.4464,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.113 (p.135)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Fuel Cell']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,lifetime,30.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-store,FOM,0.43,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB =(C38+C39)*0.43/4","{'carrier': ['h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-store,investment,4779.9527,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.113 (p.135)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Cavern Storage']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-store,lifetime,30.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LNG storage tank,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank with comparable requirements.",Currency year and technology year assumed based on publication date.,2019.0 -LNG storage tank,investment,666.634,EUR/m^3,"Hurskainen 2019, https://cris.vtt.fi/en/publications/liquid-organic-hydrogen-carriers-lohc-concept-evaluation-and-tech pg. 46 (59).",Currency year and technology year assumed based on publication date.,2019.0 -LNG storage tank,lifetime,20.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank with comparable requirements.",Currency year and technology year assumed based on publication date.,2019.0 -LOHC chemical,investment,2500.0,EUR/t,"Runge et al 2020, pg.7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC chemical,lifetime,20.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, pg.7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation,investment,53681.4988,EUR/MW_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",per MW H2 (LHV). For a large plant of 1000 MW capacity. Calculated based on base CAPEX of 30 MEUR for 300 t/day capacity and a scale factor of 0.6.,2015.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),FOM,3.0,%/year,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),investment,839000.0,EUR/MW_H2,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",MW of H2 LHV. For a small plant of 0.9 MW capacity.,2020.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),lifetime,20.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,electricity-input,0.004,MWh_el/t_HLOHC,Niermann et al. (2019): (https://doi.org/10.1039/C8EE02700E). 6A .,"Flow in figures shows 0.2 MW for 114 MW_HHV = 96.4326 MW_LHV = 2.89298 t hydrogen. At 5.6 wt-% effective H2 storage for loaded LOHC (H18-DBT, HLOHC), corresponds to 51.6604 t loaded LOHC .", -LOHC hydrogenation,hydrogen-input,1.867,MWh_H2/t_HLOHC,"Runge et al 2020, pg. 7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",Considering 5.6 wt-% H2 in loaded LOHC (HLOHC) and LHV of H2., -LOHC hydrogenation,investment,54243.958,EUR/MW_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",per MW H2 (LHV). For a large plant of 2000 MW capacity. Calculated based on base CAPEX of 40 MEUR for 300 t/day capacity and a scale factor of 0.6.,2015.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,lohc-input,0.944,t_LOHC/t_HLOHC,"Runge et al 2020, pg. 7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514","Loaded LOHC (H18-DBT, HLOHC) has loaded only 5.6%-wt H2 as rate of discharge is kept at ca. 90%.", -LOHC loaded DBT storage,FOM,6.25,%/year,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -LOHC loaded DBT storage,investment,151.5383,EUR/t,"Density via Wissenschaftliche Dienste des Deutschen Bundestages 2020, https://www.bundestag.de/resource/blob/816048/454e182d5956d45a664da9eb85486f76/WD-8-058-20-pdf-data.pdf , pg. 11.","Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared. Density of loaded LOHC H18-DBT is 0.91 t/m^3.",2012.0 -LOHC loaded DBT storage,lifetime,30.0,years,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -LOHC transport ship,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_LOHC,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC unloaded DBT storage,FOM,6.25,%/year,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -LOHC unloaded DBT storage,investment,134.2745,EUR/t,"Density via Wissenschaftliche Dienste des Deutschen Bundestages 2020, https://www.bundestag.de/resource/blob/816048/454e182d5956d45a664da9eb85486f76/WD-8-058-20-pdf-data.pdf , pg. 11.","Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared. Density of loaded LOHC H18-DBT is 0.91 t/m^3, density of unloaded LOHC H0-DBT is 1.04 t/m^3 but unloading is only to 90% (depth-of-discharge), assume density via linearisation of 1.027 t/m^3.",2012.0 -LOHC unloaded DBT storage,lifetime,30.0,years,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,FOM,2.4427,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,efficiency,0.8832,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.78^0.5']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,investment,128853.6139,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-store,FOM,0.2542,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['lead'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-store,investment,320631.3818,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['lead'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-store,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['lead'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),FOM,1.6,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),efficiency,0.215,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),investment,26610.0,EUR/PKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),FOM,15.8,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),efficiency,0.373,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),investment,113629.0,EUR/LKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,FOM,0.366,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,investment,475721.2289,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Figure 9 of reference roughly 80% of capital cost are power related 47%/80% of costs are required for liquefaction (charging)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,FOM,0.5212,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,efficiency,0.55,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE 0.545 assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,investment,334017.033,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, NULL","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-store,FOM,0.3208,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['lair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-store,investment,159004.771,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['lair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Liquid Air SB and BOS']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['lair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,FOM,2.1198,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,efficiency,0.9193,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.8452^0.5']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,investment,81553.4846,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,lifetime,16.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-store,FOM,0.0447,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['lfp'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-store,investment,236482.8109,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['lfp'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-store,lifetime,16.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['lfp'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,FOM,2.1198,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,efficiency,0.9193,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.8452^0.5']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,investment,81553.4846,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,lifetime,13.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-store,FOM,0.038,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['nmc'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-store,investment,269576.8493,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['nmc'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-store,lifetime,13.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['nmc'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,investment,144192.2682,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,efficiency,0.5394,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,investment,576769.073,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-store,investment,58041.2003,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_MeOH,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",,2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,investment,18016.8665,EUR/MW_H2,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.","For high temperature steam reforming plant with a capacity of 200 MW_H2 output (6t/h). Reference plant of 1 MW (30kg_H2/h) costs 150kEUR, scale factor of 0.6 assumed.",2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",,2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,methanol-input,1.201,MWh_MeOH/MWh_H2,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",Assuming per 1 t_H2 (with LHV 33.3333 MWh/t): 4.5 MWh_th and 3.2 MWh_el are required. We assume electricity can be substituted / provided with 1:1 as heat energy., -NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank.",,2010.0 -NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,investment,166.8201,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Calculated based on Morgan E. 2013: doi:10.7275/11KT-3F59 , Fig. 55, Fig 58.","Based on estimated for a double-wall liquid ammonia tank (~ambient pressure, -33°C), inner tank from stainless steel, outer tank from concrete including installations for liquefaction/condensation, boil-off gas recovery and safety installations; the necessary installations make only a small fraction of the total cost. The total cost are driven by material and working time on the tanks. -While the costs do not scale strictly linearly, we here assume they do (good approximation c.f. ref. Fig 55.) and take the costs for a 9 kt NH3 (l) tank = 8 M$2010, which is smaller 4-5x smaller than the largest deployed tanks today. -We assume an exchange rate of 1.17$ to 1 €. -The investment value is given per MWh NH3 store capacity, using the LHV of NH3 of 5.18 MWh/t.",2010.0 -NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,lifetime,20.0,years,"Morgan E. 2013: doi:10.7275/11KT-3F59 , pg. 290",,2010.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B",,2019.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,capacity,53000.0,t_NH3,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B",,2019.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,investment,81164200.0,EUR,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B",,2019.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,lifetime,20.0,years,"Guess estimated based on H2 (l) tanker, but more mature technology",,2019.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,FOM,2.1198,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['((0.75-0.87)/2)^0.5 mean value of range efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,investment,81553.4846,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) same as Li-LFP","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-store,FOM,0.2262,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-store,investment,267837.874,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-store,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -OCGT,FOM,2.3837,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -OCGT,VOM,3.8801,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Variable O&M,2015.0 -OCGT,efficiency,0.425,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","52 OCGT - Natural gas: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -OCGT,investment,334.2922,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 -OCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -PEM electrolyzer small size,FOM,3.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW,2010.0 -PEM electrolyzer small size,electricity-input,1.27,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW, -PEM electrolyzer small size,investment,1080.5384,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW,2010.0 -PEM electrolyzer small size,lifetime,8.5,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`","Likely stack lifetime, rather than electrolyzer system lifetime", -PHS,FOM,1.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -PHS,efficiency,0.75,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -PHS,investment,2274.8177,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 -PHS,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,FOM,0.366,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Charger']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,investment,761782.6727,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Figure 9 of reference roughly 80% of capital cost are power related 47%/80% of costs are required for liquefaction (charging)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,lifetime,33.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,FOM,0.5212,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,efficiency,0.63,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE 0.62 assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,investment,534868.6851,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, NULL","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,lifetime,33.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-store,FOM,0.1528,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.103 (p.125)","{'carrier': ['phes'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-store,investment,11546.7963,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.92 (p.114)","{'carrier': ['phes'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Molten Salt based SB and BOS']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-store,lifetime,33.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['phes'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,FOM,0.9951,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, Figure 4.16","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,efficiency,0.8944,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.8^0.5']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,investment,1397128.4612,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Powerhouse Construction & Infrastructure']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-store,FOM,0.43,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['phs'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-store,investment,57074.0625,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['phs'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Reservoir Construction & Infrastructure']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['phs'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -SMR,FOM,5.0,%/year,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR,efficiency,0.76,per unit (in LHV),"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SMR,investment,522201.0492,EUR/MW_CH4,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR,lifetime,30.0,years,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SMR CC,FOM,5.0,%/year,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR CC,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",wide range: capture rates between 54%-90%, -SMR CC,efficiency,0.69,per unit (in LHV),"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SMR CC,investment,605753.2171,EUR/MW_CH4,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR CC,lifetime,30.0,years,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SOEC,FOM,4.0,%/year,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,US-based assumptions for a Conservative cost scenario,2022.0 -SOEC,electricity-input,1.13,MWh_el/MWh_H2,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,, -SOEC,investment,2082.0207,USD/kW,"ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions, https://theicct.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/fuels-eu-cost-renew-H-produced-onsite-H-refueling-stations-europe-feb22.pdf adjusted according to DOE observations https://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/docs/hydrogenprogramlibraries/pdfs/24005-clean-hydrogen-production-cost-pem-electrolyzer.pdf?sfvrsn=8cb10889_1#:~:text=This%20Record%20shows%20that%20the,factors%20of%2050%2D75%25",US-based assumptions for a Conservative cost scenario,2022.0 -SOEC,lifetime,30.0,years,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,, -Sand-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Sand-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Sand-charger,investment,144192.2682,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Sand-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,efficiency,0.53,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,investment,576769.073,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Sand-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['sand'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Sand-store,investment,6700.8517,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.100 (p.122)","{'carrier': ['sand'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -Sand-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['sand'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Steam methane reforming,FOM,3.0,%/year,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW).,2015.0 -Steam methane reforming,investment,497454.611,EUR/MW_H2,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW). Currency conversion 1.17 USD = 1 EUR.,2015.0 -Steam methane reforming,lifetime,30.0,years,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW).,2015.0 -Steam methane reforming,methane-input,1.483,MWh_CH4/MWh_H2,"Keipi et al (2018): Economic analysis of hydrogen production by methane thermal decomposition (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2017.12.063), table 2.","Large scale SMR plant producing 2.5 kg/s H2 output (assuming 33.3333 MWh/t H2 LHV), with 6.9 kg/s CH4 input (feedstock) and 2 kg/s CH4 input (energy). Neglecting water consumption.", -"Tank&bulk, diesel",efficiency,0.462,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, diesel",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, diesel",investment,35129312.4041,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, diesel",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, diesel",lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, diesel",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, methanol",efficiency,0.4695,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, methanol",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, methanol",investment,35129312.4041,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, methanol",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, methanol",lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, methanol",2023.0 -"Tankbulk, ammonia",efficiency,0.471,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tankbulk, ammonia",2023.0 -"Tankbulk, ammonia",investment,35129312.4041,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tankbulk, ammonia",2023.0 -"Tankbulk, ammonia",lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tankbulk, ammonia",2023.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,FOM,2.4395,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,efficiency,0.8062,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.65^0.5']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,investment,129023.0526,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-store,FOM,0.2345,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['vanadium'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-store,investment,258072.8586,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['vanadium'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-store,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['vanadium'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,FOM,2.4395,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,efficiency,0.7937,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.25 ","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['(0.63)^0.5 efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,investment,129023.0526,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,lifetime,25.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-store,FOM,0.1654,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-store,investment,174388.0144,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.48 (p.70) text below Table 4.12","{'carrier': ['znair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-store,lifetime,25.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['znair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,FOM,2.1198,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,efficiency,0.8307,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.25 ","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['(0.69)^0.5 efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,investment,81553.4846,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,lifetime,10.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.27","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-store,FOM,0.2576,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znbrflow'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-store,investment,412306.5947,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['znbrflow'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-store,lifetime,10.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.27","{'carrier': ['znbrflow'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,FOM,2.4395,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,efficiency,0.8888,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.25","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': [' (0.79)^0.5 efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,investment,129023.0526,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,FOM,0.2244,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,investment,239220.5823,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -air separation unit,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -air separation unit,electricity-input,0.25,MWh_el/t_N2,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), p.288.","For consistency reasons use value from Danish Energy Agency. DEA also reports range of values (0.2-0.4 MWh/t_N2) on pg. 288. Other efficienices reported are even higher, e.g. 0.11 Mwh/t_N2 from Morgan (2013): Techno-Economic Feasibility Study of Ammonia Plants Powered by Offshore Wind .", -air separation unit,investment,86599.3431,EUR/t_N2/h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 -air separation unit,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -allam,VOM,2.0,EUR/MWh,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -allam,efficiency,0.6,p.u.,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -allam,investment,1500.0,EUR/kW,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -allam,lifetime,30.0,years,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,FOM,5.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.99,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",CO2 volume captured / (Stream flowrate * Max. capacity utilization * CO2 in exhaust * 8760),2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.1,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,investment,929753.03,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 41 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 389000 t/year",2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -battery inverter,FOM,0.1898,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -battery inverter,efficiency,0.9667,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2020.0 -battery inverter,investment,260.533,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2020.0 -battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -battery storage,investment,182.9048,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2020.0 -battery storage,lifetime,40.8333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,FOM,100.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,VOM,160.0417,EUR/MWh_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-biochar,1.0,MWh_biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency biochar",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-heat,3.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency heat",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,investment,160041.7,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.144,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0 -biodiesel crops,fuel,134.6872,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIORPS1 (rape seed), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -bioethanol crops,CO2 intensity,0.1289,tCO2/MWh_th,,"CO2 released during fermentation of bioethanol crops, based on stochiometric composition: C6H12O6 -> 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2 , i.e. 1 kg ethanol → ~0.956 kg CO₂ (from fermentation) → 0.1289 tCO₂/MWh (with LHV = 26.7 MJ/kg).", -bioethanol crops,fuel,87.9862,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOCRP11 (Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -biogas,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 -biogas,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biogas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, -biogas,fuel,62.4351,EUR/MWhth,JRC and Zappa, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biogas,investment,1224.2453,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 -biogas,lifetime,15.8333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biogas CC,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas CC,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 -biogas CC,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biogas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, -biogas CC,investment,1224.2453,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 -biogas CC,lifetime,15.8333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biogas manure,fuel,19.9144,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOGAS1 (manure), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,FOM,133.1383,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,VOM,1.5632,EUR/MWh_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Variable O&M,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,investment,603.8694,EUR/kW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Specific investment,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -biogas upgrading,FOM,17.0397,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Fixed O&M ",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,VOM,4.9343,EUR/MWh output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Variable O&M",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,investment,228.8154,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: investment (upgrading, methane redution and grid injection)",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,lifetime,15.8333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biomass,FOM,4.5269,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,efficiency,0.468,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,fuel,7.4076,EUR/MWhth,IEA2011b, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,investment,2337.6116,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,lifetime,30.0,years,ECF2010 in DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass CHP,FOM,3.4206,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass CHP,VOM,1.6265,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -biomass CHP,c_b,0.446,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -biomass CHP,efficiency,0.3916,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7265,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass CHP,investment,2665.7465,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -biomass CHP,lifetime,33.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,capture_rate,0.9167,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-electricity-input,0.075,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-heat-output,0.1267,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,electricity-input,0.0192,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-input,0.5972,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-output,0.5972,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,investment,1883333.3333,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass EOP,FOM,3.4206,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass EOP,VOM,1.6265,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -biomass EOP,c_b,0.446,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -biomass EOP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -biomass EOP,efficiency,0.3916,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass EOP,efficiency-heat,0.7265,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass EOP,investment,2665.7465,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -biomass EOP,lifetime,33.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass HOP,FOM,5.373,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Fixed O&M, heat output",2015.0 -biomass HOP,VOM,2.8909,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Variable O&M heat output,2015.0 -biomass HOP,efficiency,1.0387,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass HOP,investment,705.0877,EUR/kW_th - heat output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Nominal investment ,2015.0 -biomass HOP,lifetime,33.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -biomass boiler,FOM,13.9179,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass boiler,efficiency,0.9326,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -biomass boiler,investment,356.1284,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Specific investment",2015.0 -biomass boiler,lifetime,24.1667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass boiler,pelletizing cost,9.0,EUR/MWh_pellets,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.109506,,2019.0 -biomass-to-methanol,C in fuel,0.6295,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,C stored,0.3705,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,CO2 stored,0.1358,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,FOM,49.2375,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,VOM,4.4139,EUR/MWh_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Variable O&M,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency,0.93,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Methanol Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-electricity,0.67,MWh_e/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Electricity Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-heat,0.7033,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: District heat Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,investment,1640.8321,EUR/kW_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Specific investment,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,FOM,14.18,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",123.67 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘BF-BOF’.,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,coal-input,1.43,MWh_coal/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15). ","Based on process ‘Avg BF-BOF` using 195 kg_PCI/t_HM (PCI = Pulverized Coal Injected; HM = Hot Metal) as substitute for coke, 24 MJ/kg as LHV for coal and 1 : 1.1 as HM-to-steel ratio.",2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15).",,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,investment,7637406.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",871.85 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘Avg BF-BOF’.,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15).",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,ore-input,1.539,t_ore/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",Based on process ‘Avg BF-BOF`,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,scrap-input,0.051,t_scrap/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",Based on process ‘Avg BF-BOF`,2020.0 -cement capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,capture_rate,0.9167,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,compression-electricity-input,0.075,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,compression-heat-output,0.1267,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,electricity-input,0.0167,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,heat-input,0.5972,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,heat-output,1.3583,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,investment,1666666.6667,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,FOM,7.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",CO2 volume captured / (Stream flowrate * Max. capacity utilization * CO2 in exhaust * 8760),2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,investment,2587727.173,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 247 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 842000 t/year",2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement dry clinker,FOM,4.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,VOM,5.2911,EUR/t_clinker,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,electricity-input,0.0694,MWh_el/t_clinker,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original values 0.25 PJ per Mt clinker,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,gas-input,0.0002,MWh_NG/t_clinker,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original values 0.0058 PJ per Mt clinker,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,heat-input,0.9444,MWh_th/t_CO2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original values 3.4 PJ per Mt clinker,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,investment,1158752.6816,EUR/t_clinker/h,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original value 125 EUR/t/year,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,lifetime,30.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement finishing,FOM,30.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement finishing,VOM,3.1747,EUR/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement finishing,clinker-input,0.656,t_cl/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND_Trans.xlsx`, Sheet `IND_Trans` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer),2015.0 -cement finishing,electricity-input,0.1736,MWh_el/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND_Trans.xlsx`, Sheet `IND_Trans` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer) with original value 0.6251 PJ per Mt cement.,2015.0 -cement finishing,investment,92700.2145,EUR/t_cement/h,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original value 10 EUR/t/year,2015.0 -cement finishing,lifetime,25.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer),2015.0 -cement finishing,slag-input,0.194,t_slag/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND_Trans.xlsx`, Sheet `IND_Trans` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer),2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.1635,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.3175,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.4333,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Total efficiency, net, name plate",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,investment,755.0823,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,37.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central coal CHP,FOM,1.6316,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central coal CHP,VOM,2.9125,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central coal CHP,c_b,0.84,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -central coal CHP,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cv coefficient,2015.0 -central coal CHP,efficiency,0.5267,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","01 Coal CHP: Electricity efficiency, condensation mode, net",2015.0 -central coal CHP,investment,1908.2156,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central coal CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.2299,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.7884,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,efficiency,5.6,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,investment,536.9474,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,lifetime,37.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas CHP,FOM,4.6795,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP,VOM,3.4216,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP,c_b,0.8267,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central gas CHP,c_v,0.17,per unit,DEA (loss of fuel for additional heat), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central gas CHP,efficiency,0.4167,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central gas CHP,investment,412.7064,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central gas CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,FOM,4.6795,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,VOM,3.4216,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,c_b,0.8267,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,efficiency,0.4167,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,investment,412.7064,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas boiler,FOM,2.9574,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central gas boiler,VOM,0.7231,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central gas boiler,efficiency,1.055,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","44 Natural Gas DH Only: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central gas boiler,investment,41.447,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central gas boiler,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,FOM,1.252,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,VOM,4.6082,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,investment,1822.8607,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,lifetime,33.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.273,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.4078,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,1.785,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,investment,452.2134,EUR/kW_th excluding drive energy,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,29.1667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,FOM,6.9737,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,efficiency,0.525,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,investment,670.207,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central resistive heater,FOM,3.2765,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central resistive heater,VOM,0.5997,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central resistive heater,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","41 Electric Boilers: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central resistive heater,investment,29.9829,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Nominal investment; 10/15 kV; >10 MW,2015.0 -central resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central solar thermal,FOM,1.4,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solar thermal,investment,148151.0278,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,FOM,2.7938,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,VOM,3.4463,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,c_b,0.3344,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency,0.3615,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.8459,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,investment,2821.8567,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,lifetime,33.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,FOM,2.7938,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,VOM,3.4463,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_b,0.3344,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency,0.3615,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.8459,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,investment,3849.677,EUR/kW_e,Combination of central solid biomass CHP CC and solid biomass boiler steam,,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,lifetime,33.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,FOM,2.7938,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,VOM,3.4463,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_b,0.3344,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency,0.3615,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency-heat,0.8459,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,investment,2821.8567,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,lifetime,33.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central water pit charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2020.0 -central water pit discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2020.0 -central water pit storage,Bottom storage temperature,35.0,⁰C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Typical bottom storage temperature,2020.0 -central water pit storage,FOM,0.3138,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -central water pit storage,Top storage temperature,90.0,⁰C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Typical max. storage temperature,2020.0 -central water pit storage,energy to power ratio,150.0,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2020.0 -central water pit storage,investment,0.7967,EUR/kWh Capacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Specific investment,2020.0 -central water pit storage,lifetime,45.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -central water pit storage,standing losses,0.0045,%/hour,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Energy losses during storage,2020.0 -central water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2020.0 -central water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2020.0 -central water tank storage,FOM,1.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central water tank storage,energy to power ratio,57.971,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2020.0 -central water tank storage,investment,2.3487,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Specific investment,2020.0 -central water tank storage,lifetime,48.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -central water tank storage,standing losses,0.0062,%/hour,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Energy losses during storage,2020.0 -central water tank storage,temperature difference,34.1667,"hot/cold, K","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Typical temperature difference,2020.0 -clean water tank storage,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0 -clean water tank storage,investment,69.1286,EUR/m^3-H2O,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0 -clean water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",, -coal,CO2 intensity,0.3361,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid-Emissionen des deutschen Strommix in den Jahren 1990 - 2018,, -coal,FOM,1.31,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100.",2023.0 -coal,VOM,3.2612,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3+5.5)USD/MWh_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR).",2023.0 -coal,efficiency,0.356,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. 1 / ((8.75+12) MMbtu/MWh_th /2 / (3.4095 MMbtu/MWh_th)), rounded up.",2023.0 -coal,fuel,9.5542,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on IEA 2011 data, 99 USD/t.",2010.0 -coal,investment,3827.1629,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Higher costs include coal plants with CCS, but since using here for calculating the average nevertheless. Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3200+6775) USD/kW_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR).",2023.0 -coal,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 -csp-tower,FOM,1.35,%/year,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power),Ratio between CAPEX and FOM from ATB database for “moderate” scenario.,2020.0 -csp-tower,investment,99.675,"EUR/kW_th,dp",ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include solar field and solar tower as well as EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant). Total costs (223,708,924 USD) are divided by active area (heliostat reflective area, 1,269,054 m2) and multiplied by design point DNI (0.95 kW/m2) to obtain EUR/kW_th. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR.",2020.0 -csp-tower,lifetime,30.0,years,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power),-,2020.0 -csp-tower TES,FOM,1.35,%/year,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -csp-tower TES,investment,13.355,EUR/kWh_th,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include the TES incl. EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant, 2.791 MW_th TES). Total costs (69390776.7 USD) are divided by TES size to obtain EUR/kW_th. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR.",2020.0 -csp-tower TES,lifetime,30.0,years,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -csp-tower power block,FOM,1.35,%/year,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -csp-tower power block,investment,698.27,EUR/kW_e,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include the power cycle incl. BOP and EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant). Total costs (135185685.5 USD) are divided by power block nameplate capacity size to obtain EUR/kW_e. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR.",2020.0 -csp-tower power block,lifetime,30.0,years,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -decentral CHP,FOM,3.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral CHP,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral CHP,investment,1481.5103,EUR/kWel,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,FOM,3.0915,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.3 Air to water existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,1191.2552,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,19.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,FOM,5.8087,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,efficiency,1.0117,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","202 Natural gas boiler: Total efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,investment,472.2933,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,lifetime,24.1667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler connection,investment,210.1476,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Possible additional specific investment,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler connection,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,1.8739,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,4.1333,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.7 Ground source existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,1965.2687,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,24.1667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,FOM,2.0,%/year,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,investment,165.0975,EUR/kWth,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf) (+eigene Berechnung), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,FOM,2.0,%/year,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,investment,105.8222,EUR/kWhth,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,FOM,1.3,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,investment,285719.8393,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2020.0 -decentral water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,FOM,1.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,VOM,0.1195,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Variable O&M,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,energy to power ratio,0.1857,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,investment,505.2001,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Specific investment,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,lifetime,46.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,standing losses,2.4333,%/hour,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Energy losses during storage,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,temperature difference,30.0,"hot/cold, K","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Typical temperature difference,2020.0 -digestible biomass,fuel,17.0611,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOAGRW1, ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0 -digestible biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -digestible biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -digestible biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.39,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, -digestible biomass to hydrogen,investment,2913.0196,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -direct air capture,FOM,4.95,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,compression-electricity-input,0.15,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,compression-heat-output,0.2,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,electricity-input,0.4,MWh_el/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","0.4 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 0.182 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019). Should already include electricity for water scrubbing and compression (high quality CO2 output).",2020.0 -direct air capture,heat-input,1.6,MWh_th/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","Thermal energy demand. Provided via air-sourced heat pumps. 1.6 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 1.102 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019).",2020.0 -direct air capture,heat-output,0.7917,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,investment,3666666.6667,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct firing gas,FOM,1.0606,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas,VOM,0.2824,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing gas,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing gas,lifetime,19.1667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,FOM,1.0606,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,VOM,0.2824,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,lifetime,19.1667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,FOM,1.4318,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,VOM,0.3339,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,lifetime,19.1667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,FOM,1.4318,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,VOM,0.3339,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,lifetime,19.1667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Based on https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/capesize-freight-returns-below-operating-expense-levels-but-shipowners-reject-lay-ups/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","5000 USD/d OPEX, exchange rate: 1.15 USD = 1 EUR; absolute value calculate relative to investment cost.",2020.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,capacity,180000.0,t,-,"DWT; corresponds to size of Capesize bulk carriers which have previously docked at the habour in Hamburg, Germany. Short of 200 kt limit for VLBCs.",2020.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,investment,40000000.0,EUR,"Based on https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/dry-bulk-carriers-in-high-demand-as-rates-keep-rallying/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","See figure for ‘Dry Bulk Newbuild Prices’, Capesize at end of 2020. Exchange rate: 1.15 USD = 1 EUR.",2020.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,lifetime,25.0,years,"Based on https://mfame.guru/fall-life-expectancy-bulk-carriers/, accessed: 2022-12-03.",Expected lifetime.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,FOM,30.0,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","EAF has high OPEX of 62.99 EUR/year/t_steel, presumably because of electrode corrosion.",2020.0 -electric arc furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,electricity-input,0.6395,MWh_el/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘EAF’. ,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,hbi-input,1.0,t_hbi/t_steel,-,Assume HBI instead of scrap as input.Scrap would require higher input (in tonnes) as steel content is lower.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,investment,1839600.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",210 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘EAF’.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,FOM,30.0,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","EAF has high OPEX of 62.99 EUR/year/t_steel, presumably because of electrode corrosion.",2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,electricity-input,0.6395,MWh_el/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘EAF’. ,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,hbi-input,0.37,t_hbi/t_steel,"World Steel Association, Fact Sheet – Steel and raw materials: https://worldsteel.org/wp-content/uploads/Fact-sheet-raw-materials-2023-1.pdf, Accessed 2024-04-17.",Assume HBI instead of scrap as input.Scrap would require higher input (in tonnes) as steel content is lower.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,investment,1839600.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",210 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘EAF’.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,scrap-input,0.71,t_scrap/t_steel,"World Steel Association, Fact Sheet – Steel and raw materials: https://worldsteel.org/wp-content/uploads/Fact-sheet-raw-materials-2023-1.pdf, Accessed 2024-04-17.",,2020.0 -electric boiler steam,FOM,1.3186,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Fixed O&M,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,VOM,0.7997,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Variable O&M,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","310.1 Electric boiler steam : Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -electric boiler steam,investment,72.1683,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Nominal investment,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Technical lifetime,2019.0 -electric steam cracker,FOM,3.0,%/year,Guesstimate,,2015.0 -electric steam cracker,VOM,190.4799,EUR/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",,2015.0 -electric steam cracker,carbondioxide-output,0.55,t_CO2/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), ",The report also references another source with 0.76 t_CO2/t_HVC, -electric steam cracker,electricity-input,2.7,MWh_el/t_HVC,"Lechtenböhmer et al. (2016): 10.1016/j.energy.2016.07.110, Section 4.3, page 6.",Assuming electrified processing., -electric steam cracker,investment,11124025.7434,EUR/(t_HVC/h),"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",Assuming CAPEX of 1200 €/t actually given in €/(t/a).,2015.0 -electric steam cracker,lifetime,30.0,years,Guesstimate,, -electric steam cracker,naphtha-input,14.8,MWh_naphtha/t_HVC,"Lechtenböhmer et al. (2016): 10.1016/j.energy.2016.07.110, Section 4.3, page 6.",, -electricity distribution grid,FOM,2.0,%/year,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity distribution grid,investment,529.1108,EUR/kW,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity distribution grid,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity grid connection,FOM,2.0,%/year,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity grid connection,investment,148.151,EUR/kW,DEA, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity grid connection,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electrobiofuels,C in fuel,0.9304,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,FOM,47.7026,%/year,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2015.0 -electrobiofuels,VOM,2.0177,EUR/MWh_th,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2017.0 -electrobiofuels,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -electrobiofuels,efficiency-biomass,1.3267,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,efficiency-hydrogen,1.2754,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,efficiency-tot,0.6503,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,investment,356768.6132,EUR/kW_th,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2017.0 -electrolysis,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 -electrolysis,efficiency,0.555,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 -electrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.303,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 -electrolysis,investment,1100.0,EUR/kW_e,private communications; IEA https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/9e0c82d4-06d2-496b-9542-f184ba803645/TheRoleofE-fuelsinDecarbonisingTransport.pdf,,2020.0 -electrolysis,lifetime,20.8333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -electrolysis small,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 -electrolysis small,efficiency,0.555,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 -electrolysis small,efficiency-heat,0.303,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 -electrolysis small,investment,2212.5,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Specific investment,2020.0 -electrolysis small,lifetime,20.8333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Technical lifetime of plant,2020.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,FOM,7.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.94,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.12,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,investment,928559.735,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 36 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 342000 t/year",2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol from starch crop,FOM,16.4,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original values FIXOM in MEUR/GW divided by INVCOST for the corresponding year",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,VOM,26.3497,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value 6.93 MEUR/PJ VAROM",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,efficiency,0.58,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production. Converted from 0.35 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,investment,603376.8073,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for USA and European production,2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,FOM,19.51,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original values FIXOM in MEUR/GW divided by INVCOST for the corresponding year",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,VOM,23.1751,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production, original value 6.09 MEUR/PJ VAROM",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,efficiency,0.45,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production. Converted from 0.292 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,investment,446537.78,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for Brazilian production,2015.0 -fuel cell,FOM,6.9737,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -fuel cell,efficiency,0.525,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -fuel cell,investment,670.207,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -fuelwood,fuel,12.5949,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOO (FuelwoodRW), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -gas,CO2 intensity,0.198,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 50 GJ/t CH4,, -gas,fuel,24.568,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -gas boiler steam,FOM,3.7258,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,VOM,1.0238,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.9533,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -gas boiler steam,investment,47.2985,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,lifetime,29.1667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -gas storage,FOM,0.5368,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",150 Underground Storage of Gas: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -gas storage,investment,0.2366,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",150 Underground Storage of Gas: Specific investment,2020.0 -gas storage,lifetime,100.0,years,TODO no source,"150 Underground Storage of Gas: estimation: most underground storage are already built, they do have a long lifetime",2020.0 -gas storage charger,investment,15.2479,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",,2020.0 -gas storage discharger,investment,5.0826,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",,2020.0 -geothermal,CO2 intensity,0.12,tCO2/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",Likely to be improved; Average of 85 percent of global egs power plant capacity; Result of fluid circulation through rock formations,2020.0 -geothermal,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",See Supplemental Material of source for details,2020.0 -geothermal,district heat surcharge,25.0,%,Frey et al. 2022: Techno-Economic Assessment of Geothermal Resources in the Variscan Basement of the Northern Upper Rhine Graben,"If capital cost of electric generation from EGS is 100%, district heating adds additional 25%. Costs incurred by piping.",2020.0 -geothermal,district heat-input,0.8,MWh_thdh/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, District Heat-output. This is an assessment of typical heat losses when heat is transmitted from the EGS plant to the DH network, This is a rough estimate, depends on local conditions",2020.0 -geothermal,lifetime,30.0,years,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",,2020.0 -helmeth,FOM,3.0,%/year,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -helmeth,efficiency,0.8,per unit,HELMETH press release, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -helmeth,investment,2116.4433,EUR/kW,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -helmeth,lifetime,25.0,years,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -home battery inverter,FOM,0.1898,%/year,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -home battery inverter,efficiency,0.9667,per unit,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2020.0 -home battery inverter,investment,377.4388,EUR/kW,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2020.0 -home battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -home battery storage,investment,265.5117,EUR/kWh,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2020.0 -home battery storage,lifetime,40.8333,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -hydro,FOM,1.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -hydro,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -hydro,investment,2274.8177,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 -hydro,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,FOM,11.3,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","55.28 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ OPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15).",,2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,electricity-input,1.03,MWh_el/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ reduced by electricity demand of process ‘EAF’.,2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,hydrogen-input,2.1,MWh_H2/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2022-12-05). ","63 kg H2/t steel for process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ according to documentation (raw input files for MPP model list 73 kg H2 / t steel, which seems to high and is probably incorrect).",2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,investment,4277858.0,EUR/t_HBI/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","488.34 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ CAPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,ore-input,1.59,t_ore/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03). ",Based on process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’.,2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,compression-electricity-input,0.05,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.",1.707 kWh/kg.,2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,investment,87.69,EUR/kW_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.","2923 EUR/kg_H2. For a 206 kg/h compressor. Base CAPEX 40 528 EUR/kW_el with scale factor 0.4603. kg_H2 converted to MWh using LHV. Pressure range: 30 bar in, 250 bar out.",2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,lifetime,15.0,years,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,investment,13.5,EUR/kWh_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.","450 EUR/kg_H2 converted with LHV to MWh. For a type 1 hydrogen storage tank (steel, 15-250 bar). Currency year assumed 2020 for initial publication of reference; observe note in SI.4.3 that no currency year is explicitly stated in the reference.",2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,lifetime,20.0,years,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,min_fill_level,6.0,%,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,FOM,1.2963,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,investment,28.7118,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Specific investment,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,lifetime,29.1667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,FOM,0.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,VOM,0.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Variable O&M,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,investment,2.1268,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Specific investment,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,lifetime,100.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,FOM,0.0871,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,VOM,3.1653,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Variable O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,efficiency,3.4292,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,investment,880.3597,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Nominal investment,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,lifetime,28.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,FOM,0.1045,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,VOM,3.1653,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Variable O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,efficiency,3.0417,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,investment,733.6331,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,lifetime,28.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -iron ore DRI-ready,commodity,97.73,EUR/t,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://missionpossiblepartnership.org/action-sectors/steel/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","DRI ready assumes 65% iron content, requiring no additional benefication.",2020.0 -iron-air battery,FOM,1.1808,%/year,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery,investment,11.1494,EUR/kWh,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery,lifetime,17.5,years,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery charge,efficiency,0.74,per unit,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery discharge,efficiency,0.63,per unit,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -lignite,CO2 intensity,0.4069,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid-Emissionen des deutschen Strommix in den Jahren 1990 - 2018,, -lignite,FOM,1.31,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,VOM,3.2612,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3+5.5)USD/MWh_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR). Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,efficiency,0.33,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. 1 / ((8.75+12) MMbtu/MWh_th /2 / (3.4095 MMbtu/MWh_th)), rounded up. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,fuel,3.2985,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on IEA 2011 data, 10 USD/t.",2010.0 -lignite,investment,3827.1629,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Higher costs include coal plants with CCS, but since using here for calculating the average nevertheless. Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3200+6775) USD/kW_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR). Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf .",2023.0 -lignite,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -methanation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.2.3.1",,2017.0 -methanation,carbondioxide-input,0.198,t_CO2/MWh_CH4,"Götz et al. (2016): Renewable Power-to-Gas: A technological and economic review (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2015.07.066), Fig. 11 .",Additional H2 required for methanation process (2x H2 amount compared to stochiometric conversion)., -methanation,efficiency,0.8,per unit,Palzer and Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -methanation,hydrogen-input,1.282,MWh_H2/MWh_CH4,,Based on ideal conversion process of stochiometric composition (1 t CH4 contains 750 kg of carbon)., -methanation,investment,559.7588,EUR/kW_CH4,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 6: “Reference scenario”.",,2017.0 -methanation,lifetime,20.0,years,Guesstimate.,"Based on lifetime for methanolisation, Fischer-Tropsch plants.",2017.0 -methane storage tank incl. compressor,FOM,1.9,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor by DEA.",Based on assumptions for hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor (by DEA).,2014.0 -methane storage tank incl. compressor,investment,8961.5075,EUR/m^3,Storage costs per l: https://www.compositesworld.com/articles/pressure-vessels-for-alternative-fuels-2014-2023 (2021-02-10).,"Assume 5USD/l (= 4.23 EUR/l at 1.17 USD/EUR exchange rate) for type 1 pressure vessel for 200 bar storage and 100% surplus costs for including compressor costs with storage, based on similar assumptions by DEA for compressed hydrogen storage tanks.",2014.0 -methane storage tank incl. compressor,lifetime,30.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor by DEA.",Based on assumptions for hydrogen storage tank 1 including compressor (by DEA).,2014.0 -methanol,CO2 intensity,0.2482,tCO2/MWh_th,,, -methanol-to-kerosene,FOM,4.5,%/year,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",,2020.0 -methanol-to-kerosene,VOM,1.35,EUR/MWh_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",,2020.0 -methanol-to-kerosene,hydrogen-input,0.0279,MWh_H2/MWh_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 6.","Assuming LHV 11.94 kWh/kg for kerosene, 5.54 kWh/kg for methanol, 33.3 kWh/kg for hydrogen.", -methanol-to-kerosene,investment,217250.0,EUR/MW_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",,2020.0 -methanol-to-kerosene,lifetime,30.0,years,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",, -methanol-to-kerosene,methanol-input,1.0764,MWh_MeOH/MWh_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 6.","Assuming LHV 11.94 kWh/kg for kerosene, 5.54 kWh/kg for methanol, 33.3 kWh/kg for hydrogen.", -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,FOM,3.0,%/year,Guesstimate,same as steam cracker,2015.0 -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,VOM,31.7466,EUR/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35", ,2015.0 -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,carbondioxide-output,0.6107,t_CO2/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Sections 4.5 (for ethylene and propylene) and 4.6 (for BTX)","Weighted average: 0.4 t_MeOH/t_ethylene+propylene for 21.7 Mt of ethylene and 17 Mt of propylene, 1.13 t_CO2/t_BTX for 15.7 Mt of BTX. The report also references process emissions of 0.55 t_MeOH/t_ethylene+propylene elsewhere. ", -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,electricity-input,1.3889,MWh_el/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), page 69",5 GJ/t_HVC , -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,investment,2781006.4359,EUR/(t_HVC/h),"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",Assuming CAPEX of 1200 €/t actually given in €/(t/a).,2015.0 -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,lifetime,30.0,years,Guesstimate,same as steam cracker, -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,methanol-input,18.03,MWh_MeOH/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Sections 4.5 (for ethylene and propylene) and 4.6 (for BTX)","Weighted average: 2.83 t_MeOH/t_ethylene+propylene for 21.7 Mt of ethylene and 17 Mt of propylene, 4.2 t_MeOH/t_BTX for 15.7 Mt of BTX. Assuming 5.54 MWh_MeOH/t_MeOH. ", -methanolisation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.1.",,2017.0 -methanolisation,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -methanolisation,carbondioxide-input,0.248,t_CO2/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 66.",, -methanolisation,electricity-input,0.271,MWh_e/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 65.",, -methanolisation,heat-output,0.1,MWh_th/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 65.",steam generation of 2 GJ/t_MeOH, -methanolisation,hydrogen-input,1.138,MWh_H2/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 64.",189 kg_H2 per t_MeOH, -methanolisation,investment,565735.7731,EUR/MW_MeOH,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 8: “Reference scenario”.","Well developed technology, no significant learning expected.",2017.0 -methanolisation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (04/2022), Data sheet “Methanol to Power”.",,2017.0 -micro CHP,FOM,5.5405,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -micro CHP,efficiency,0.3835,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Electric efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -micro CHP,efficiency-heat,0.6073,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -micro CHP,investment,5387.7702,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 -micro CHP,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,FOM,11.3,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,gas-input,2.78,MWh_NG/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",Original value 10 GJ/t_DRI.,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,investment,4277858.0,EUR/t_HBI/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.","488.34 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ CAPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,ore-input,1.59,t_ore/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",, -nuclear,FOM,1.27,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (131.5+152.75)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) relative to investment costs.",2023.0 -nuclear,VOM,3.5464,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (4.25+5)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 -nuclear,efficiency,0.326,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on heat rate of 10.45 MMBtu/MWh_e and 3.4095 MMBtu/MWh_th, i.e. 1/(10.45/3.4095) = 0.3260.",2023.0 -nuclear,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -nuclear,investment,8594.1354,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (8475+13925)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 -nuclear,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 -offwind,FOM,1.7801,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Fixed O&M [EUR/MW_e/y, 2020]",2020.0 -offwind,VOM,0.0212,EUR/MWhel,RES costs made up to fix curtailment order, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind,investment,1626.7969,"EUR/kW_e, 2020","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Nominal investment [MEUR/MW_e, 2020] grid connection costs subtracted from investment costs",2020.0 -offwind,lifetime,33.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2841.3251,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,1420.1334,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-ac-station,investment,264.5554,EUR/kWel,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2116.4433,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,1058.2216,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017; average + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-station,investment,423.2887,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017; assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-float,FOM,1.305,%/year,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0 -offwind-float,investment,1770.0,EUR/kWel,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0 -offwind-float,lifetime,20.0,years,C. Maienza 2020 A life cycle cost model for floating offshore wind farms,,2020.0 -offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2118.5597,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf,,2014.0 -offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,1039.4778,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017, average + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 -offwind-float-station,investment,415.7911,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017, assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 -oil,CO2 intensity,0.2571,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 44 GJ/t diesel and -CH2- approximation of diesel,, -oil,FOM,3.2442,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -oil,VOM,3.351,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0 -oil,efficiency,0.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","50 Diesel engine farm: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -oil,fuel,52.9111,EUR/MWhth,IEA WEM2017 97USD/boe = http://www.iea.org/media/weowebsite/2017/WEM_Documentation_WEO2017.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -oil,investment,267.9064,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Specific investment,2015.0 -oil,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -onwind,FOM,1.1647,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -onwind,VOM,1.1217,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Variable O&M,2015.0 -onwind,investment,898.8975,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Nominal investment ,2015.0 -onwind,lifetime,37.8333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -organic rankine cycle,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551","Both for flash, binary and ORC plants. See Supplemental Material for details",2020.0 -organic rankine cycle,electricity-input,0.12,MWh_el/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, Electricity-output. This is a rough estimate, depends on input temperature, implies ~150 C.",2020.0 -organic rankine cycle,investment,1376.0,EUR/kW_el,Tartiere and Astolfi 2017: A world overview of the organic Rankine cycle market,"Low rollout complicates the estimation, compounded by a dependence both on plant size and temperature, converted from 1500 USD/kW using currency conversion 1.09 USD = 1 EUR.",2020.0 -organic rankine cycle,lifetime,30.0,years,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",,2020.0 -ror,FOM,2.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -ror,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -ror,investment,3412.2266,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 -ror,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -seawater RO desalination,electricity-input,0.003,MWHh_el/t_H2O,"Caldera et al. (2016): Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Fig. 4.",Desalination using SWRO. Assume medium salinity of 35 Practical Salinity Units (PSUs) = 35 kg/m^3., -seawater desalination,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2015.0 -seawater desalination,electricity-input,3.0348,kWh/m^3-H2O,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Fig. 4.",, -seawater desalination,investment,25039.1517,EUR/(m^3-H2O/h),"Caldera et al 2017: Learning Curve for Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination Plants: Capital Cost Trend of the Past, Present, and Future (https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR021402), Table 4.",,2015.0 -seawater desalination,lifetime,30.0,years,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",, -shipping fuel methanol,CO2 intensity,0.2482,tCO2/MWh_th,-,Based on stochiometric composition.,2020.0 -shipping fuel methanol,fuel,72.0,EUR/MWh_th,"Based on (source 1) Hampp et al (2022), https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.01092, and (source 2): https://www.methanol.org/methanol-price-supply-demand/; both accessed: 2022-12-03.",400 EUR/t assuming range roughly in the long-term range for green methanol (source 1) and late 2020+beyond values for grey methanol (source 2).,2020.0 -solar,FOM,1.9662,%/year,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop' and 50% 'solar-utility',2020.0 -solar,VOM,0.0106,EUR/MWhel,RES costs made up to fix curtailment order, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -solar,investment,427.9336,EUR/kW_e,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop' and 50% 'solar-utility',2020.0 -solar,lifetime,39.1667,years,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop' and 50% 'solar-utility',2020.0 -solar-rooftop,FOM,1.5106,%/year,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop,discount rate,0.04,per unit,standard for decentral, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -solar-rooftop,investment,551.015,EUR/kW_e,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop,lifetime,39.1667,years,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,FOM,1.6566,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,investment,443.6797,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,lifetime,39.1667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,FOM,1.3645,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,investment,658.3503,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,lifetime,39.1667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-utility,FOM,2.4219,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-utility,investment,304.8523,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-utility,lifetime,39.1667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,FOM,2.4927,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,investment,351.6909,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,lifetime,39.1667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solid biomass,CO2 intensity,0.3667,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 18 GJ/t_DM LHV and 50% C-content for solid biomass,, -solid biomass,fuel,13.6489,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOOW1 (secondary forest residue wood chips), ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,FOM,6.1273,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,VOM,2.8564,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,efficiency,0.915,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,investment,553.85,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,lifetime,33.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,FOM,6.1273,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,VOM,2.8564,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,efficiency,0.915,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,investment,553.85,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,lifetime,33.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -solid biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -solid biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -solid biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.56,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, -solid biomass to hydrogen,investment,2913.0196,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,FOM,5.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",CO2 volume captured / (Stream flowrate * Max. capacity utilization * CO2 in exhaust * 8760),2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,investment,3561435.753,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 1342 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 3324000 t/year",2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -uranium,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -waste CHP,FOM,2.3275,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -waste CHP,VOM,21.6047,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -waste CHP,c_b,0.2592,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP,efficiency,0.242,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP,efficiency-heat,0.8439,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP,investment,6069.6224,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -waste CHP,lifetime,33.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,FOM,2.3275,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,VOM,21.6047,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,c_b,0.2592,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,efficiency,0.242,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.8439,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,investment,6069.6224,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,lifetime,33.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -water tank charger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -water tank discharger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 diff --git a/ariadne-data/costs/optimist/costs_2050.csv b/ariadne-data/costs/optimist/costs_2050.csv deleted file mode 100644 index f17c7783b..000000000 --- a/ariadne-data/costs/optimist/costs_2050.csv +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1238 +0,0 @@ -technology,parameter,value,unit,source,further description,currency_year -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,FOM,2.8,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,VOM,0.2389,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,electricity-input,1.38,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,investment,429.0306,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,lifetime,40.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,FOM,2.3,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,VOM,0.2389,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,electricity-input,1.416,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,investment,506.0332,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,FOM,2.3,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,VOM,0.1934,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,electricity-input,1.41,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,investment,582.922,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW, -Ammonia cracker,FOM,4.3,%/year,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 7.","Estimated based on Labour cost rate, Maintenance cost rate, Insurance rate, Admin. cost rate and Chemical & other consumables cost rate.",2015.0 -Ammonia cracker,ammonia-input,1.46,MWh_NH3/MWh_H2,"ENGIE et al (2020): Ammonia to Green Hydrogen Feasibility Study (https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/880826/HS420_-_Ecuity_-_Ammonia_to_Green_Hydrogen.pdf), Fig. 10.",Assuming a integrated 200t/d cracking and purification facility. Electricity demand (316 MWh per 2186 MWh_LHV H2 output) is assumed to also be ammonia LHV input which seems a fair assumption as the facility has options for a higher degree of integration according to the report)., -Ammonia cracker,investment,558309.4975,EUR/MW_H2,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 6.",Calculated. For a small (200 t_NH3/d input) facility. Base cost for facility: 51 MEUR at capacity 20 000m^3_NH3/h = 339 t_NH3/d input. Cost scaling exponent 0.67. Ammonia density 0.7069 kg/m^3. Conversion efficiency of cracker: 0.685. Ammonia LHV: 5.167 MWh/t_NH3.; and Calculated. For a large (2500 t_NH3/d input) facility. Base cost for facility: 51 MEUR at capacity 20 000m^3_NH3/h = 339 t_NH3/d input. Cost scaling exponent 0.67. Ammonia density 0.7069 kg/m^3. Conversion efficiency of cracker: 0.685. Ammonia LHV: 5.167 MWh/t_NH3.,2015.0 -Ammonia cracker,lifetime,25.0,years,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 7.",,2015.0 -BEV Bus city,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,Motor size,450.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,efficiency,0.6107,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,investment,190570.463,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Coach,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,Motor size,600.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,efficiency,0.5852,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,investment,271110.2666,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,Motor size,900.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,efficiency,1.0768,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,investment,151213.8954,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,lifetime,10.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,Motor size,500.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,efficiency,0.6872,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,investment,157519.8368,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,Motor size,1200.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,efficiency,1.2019,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,investment,167722.8037,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),FOM,0.9,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),efficiency,0.68,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),investment,23561.0,EUR/PKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (trucks),FOM,16.0,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (trucks),2020.0 -Battery electric (trucks),investment,129400.0,EUR/LKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (trucks),2020.0 -Battery electric (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (trucks),2020.0 -BioSNG,C in fuel,0.351,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,C stored,0.649,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,CO2 stored,0.238,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,FOM,1.2929,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Fixed O&M",2020.0 -BioSNG,VOM,1.1697,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Variable O&M",2020.0 -BioSNG,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -BioSNG,efficiency,0.65,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Bio SNG Output",2020.0 -BioSNG,investment,1488.76,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Specific investment",2020.0 -BioSNG,lifetime,25.0,years,TODO,"84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -BtL,C in fuel,0.3156,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,C stored,0.6844,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,CO2 stored,0.251,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,FOM,100.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Fixed O&M",2020.0 -BtL,VOM,0.7976,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Variable O&M",2020.0 -BtL,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -BtL,efficiency,0.45,per unit,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Electricity Output",2020.0 -BtL,investment,2078.9555,EUR/kW_th,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Specific investment",2017.0 -BtL,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Technical lifetime",2020.0 -CCGT,FOM,2.8571,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -CCGT,VOM,3.1747,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Variable O&M",2015.0 -CCGT,c_b,1.5,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -CCGT,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -CCGT,efficiency,0.62,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -CCGT,investment,740.7551,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Nominal investment",2015.0 -CCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -CH4 (g) fill compressor station,FOM,1.7,%/year,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0 -CH4 (g) fill compressor station,investment,1654.96,EUR/MW_CH4,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station cost.","Assume same ratio as between H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station, i.e. 1:19 , due to a lack of reliable numbers.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) fill compressor station,lifetime,20.0,years,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,FOM,1.5,%/year,Assume same as for H2 (g) pipeline in 2050 (CH4 pipeline as mature technology).,"Due to lack of numbers, use comparable H2 pipeline assumptions.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,electricity-input,0.01,MW_e/1000km/MW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: 112 6 gas Main distri line.","Assumption for gas pipeline >100MW, 0.1% per station and spacing of 100km yields 1%/1000km. Electric compression.",2015.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,investment,87.22,EUR/MW/km,Guesstimate.,"Based on Arab Gas Pipeline: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Gas_Pipeline: cost = 1.2e9 $-US (year = ?), capacity=10.3e9 m^3/a NG, l=1200km, NG-LHV=39MJ/m^3*90% (also Wikipedia estimate from here https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_of_combustion). Presumed to include booster station cost.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,lifetime,50.0,years,Assume same as for H2 (g) pipeline in 2050 (CH4 pipeline as mature technology).,"Due to lack of numbers, use comparable H2 pipeline assumptions.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,FOM,3.0,%/year,"d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material.",-,2015.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,electricity-input,0.01,MW_e/1000km/MW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: 112 6 gas Main distri line.","Assumption for gas pipeline >100MW, 0.1% per station and spacing of 100km yields 1%/1000km. Electric compression.",2015.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,investment,119.3173,EUR/MW/km,Kaiser (2017): 10.1016/j.marpol.2017.05.003 .,"Based on Gulfstream pipeline costs (430 mi long pipeline for natural gas in deep/shallow waters) of 2.72e6 USD/mi and 1.31 bn ft^3/d capacity (36 in diameter), LHV of methane 13.8888 MWh/t and density of 0.657 kg/m^3 and 1.17 USD:1EUR conversion rate = 102.4 EUR/MW/km. Number is without booster station cost. Estimation of additional cost for booster stations based on H2 (g) pipeline numbers from Guidehouse (2020): European Hydrogen Backbone report and Danish Energy Agency (2021): Technology Data for Energy Transport, were booster stations make ca. 6% of pipeline cost; here add additional 10% for booster stations as they need to be constructed submerged or on plattforms. (102.4*1.1).",2014.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,lifetime,30.0,years,"d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material.",-,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,capacity,58300.0,t_CH4,"Calculated, based on Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",based on 138 000 m^3 capacity and LNG density of 0.4226 t/m^3 .,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,investment,159791465.6831,EUR,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,lifetime,25.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2015.0 -CH4 evaporation,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 evaporation,investment,91.1101,EUR/kW_CH4,"Calculated, based on Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306","based on 100 MUSD-2005/(1 bcm/a), 1 bcm = 10.6 TWh, currency exchange rate: 1.15 USD=1 EUR.",2005.0 -CH4 evaporation,lifetime,30.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,electricity-input,0.036,MWh_el/MWh_CH4,"Pospíšil et al. (2019): Energy demand of liquefaction and regasification of natural gas and the potential of LNG for operative thermal energy storage (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.09.027), Table 2 and Table 3. alternative source 2: https://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/methane (accessed 2021-02-10).","Assuming 0.5 MWh/t_CH4 for refigeration cycle based on Table 2 of source; cleaning of gas presumed unnecessary as it should be nearly pure CH4 (=SNG). Assuming energy required is only electricity which is for Table 3 in the source provided with efficiencies of ~50% of LHV, making the numbers consistent with the numbers in Table 2.", -CH4 liquefaction,investment,241.443,EUR/kW_CH4,"Calculated, based on Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306","based on 265 MUSD-2005/(1 bcm/a), 1 bcm = 10.6 TWh, currency exchange rate: 1.15 USD=1 EUR.",2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,lifetime,25.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,methane-input,1.0,MWh_CH4/MWh_CH4,"Pospíšil et al. (2019): Energy demand of liquefaction and regasification of natural gas and the potential of LNG for operative thermal energy storage (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.09.027), Table 2 and Table 3. alternative source 2: https://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/methane (accessed 2021-02-10).","For refrigeration cycle, cleaning of gas presumed unnecessary as it should be nearly pure CH4 (=SNG). Assuming energy required is only electricity which is for Table 3 in the source provided with efficiencies of ~50% of LHV, making the numbers consistent with the numbers in Table 2.", -CO2 liquefaction,FOM,5.0,%/year,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,,2004.0 -CO2 liquefaction,carbondioxide-input,1.0,t_CO2/t_CO2,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,"Assuming a pure, humid, low-pressure input stream. Neglecting possible gross-effects of CO2 which might be cycled for the cooling process.", -CO2 liquefaction,electricity-input,0.123,MWh_el/t_CO2,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,, -CO2 liquefaction,heat-input,0.0067,MWh_th/t_CO2,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,For drying purposes., -CO2 liquefaction,investment,16.7226,EUR/t_CO2/h,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,"Plant capacity of 20 kt CO2 / d and an uptime of 85%. For a high purity, humid, low pressure input stream, includes drying and compression necessary for liquefaction.",2004.0 -CO2 liquefaction,lifetime,25.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on CH4 liquefaction.",,2004.0 -CO2 pipeline,FOM,0.9,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",,2015.0 -CO2 pipeline,investment,2116.4433,EUR/(tCO2/h)/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",Assuming the 120-500 t CO2/h range that is based on cost of a 12 inch onshore pipeline.,2015.0 -CO2 pipeline,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",,2015.0 -CO2 storage tank,FOM,1.0,%/year,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, pg. 2746 .","Assuming a 3000m^3 pressurised steel cylinder tanks and a CO2 density of 1100 kg/m^3 (close to triple point at -56.6°C and 5.2 bar with max density of 1200kg/m^3 ). Lauri et al. report costs 3x higher per m^3 for steel tanks, which are consistent with other sources. The numbers reported are in rather difficult to pinpoint as systems can greatly vary.",2013.0 -CO2 storage tank,investment,2584.3462,EUR/t_CO2,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, Table 3.","Assuming a 3000m^3 pressurised steel cylinder tanks and a CO2 density of 1100 kg/m^3 (close to triple point at -56.6°C and 5.2 bar with max density of 1200kg/m^3 ). Lauri et al. report costs 3x higher per m^3 for steel tanks, which are consistent with other sources. The numbers reported are in rather difficult to pinpoint as systems can greatly vary.",2013.0 -CO2 storage tank,lifetime,25.0,years,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, pg. 2746 .","Assuming a 3000m^3 pressurised steel cylinder tanks and a CO2 density of 1100 kg/m^3 (close to triple point at -56.6°C and 5.2 bar with max density of 1200kg/m^3 ). Lauri et al. report costs 3x higher per m^3 for steel tanks, which are consistent with other sources. The numbers reported are in rather difficult to pinpoint as systems can greatly vary.",2013.0 -CO2 submarine pipeline,FOM,0.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",,2015.0 -CO2 submarine pipeline,investment,4232.8865,EUR/(tCO2/h)/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",Assuming the 120-500 t CO2/h range that is based on cost of a 12 inch offshore pipeline.,2015.0 -Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,FOM,1.6,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,investment,448894.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,FOM,2.2,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,investment,1788360.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,FOM,2.2,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,investment,1787894.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,FOM,1.8,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,investment,1005.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,FOM,0.9265,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.64 (p.86) Figure 4.14","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,efficiency,0.7211,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.52^0.5']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,investment,946180.9426,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Turbine Compressor BOP EPC Management']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-store,FOM,0.43,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB 4.5.2.1 Fixed O&M p.62 (p.84)","{'carrier': ['pair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-store,investment,5448.7894,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.64 (p.86)","{'carrier': ['pair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Cavern Storage']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['pair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,investment,144192.2682,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,efficiency,0.4343,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,investment,576769.073,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Concrete-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['concrete'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Concrete-store,investment,24044.2324,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['concrete'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -Concrete-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['concrete'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -"Container feeder, ammonia",efficiency,0.7754,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container feeder, ammonia",investment,34966212.0251,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container feeder, ammonia",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container feeder, diesel",efficiency,0.7718,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, diesel",2023.0 -"Container feeder, diesel",investment,34966212.0251,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, diesel",2023.0 -"Container feeder, diesel",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, diesel",2023.0 -"Container feeder, methanol",efficiency,0.7711,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, methanol",2023.0 -"Container feeder, methanol",investment,34966212.0251,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, methanol",2023.0 -"Container feeder, methanol",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, methanol",2023.0 -"Container, ammonia",efficiency,1.7094,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container, ammonia",investment,119652947.2851,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container, ammonia",lifetime,32.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container, diesel",efficiency,1.6399,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, diesel",2023.0 -"Container, diesel",investment,119652947.2851,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, diesel",2023.0 -"Container, diesel",lifetime,33.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, diesel",2023.0 -"Container, methanol",efficiency,1.7001,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, methanol",2023.0 -"Container, methanol",investment,119652947.2851,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, methanol",2023.0 -"Container, methanol",lifetime,33.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, methanol",2023.0 -Diesel Bus city,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,Motor size,250.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,efficiency,1.2975,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,investment,150756.2732,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,Motor size,350.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,efficiency,1.4329,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,investment,231296.0768,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,FOM,0.0005,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,Motor size,380.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,efficiency,2.7275,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,investment,142012.114,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,lifetime,10.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,Motor size,330.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,efficiency,1.4992,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,investment,155444.0931,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,Motor size,382.3529,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,efficiency,2.5876,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,investment,177515.1425,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,Motor size,450.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,VOM,0.0979,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,efficiency,1.1664,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,investment,190570.463,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Coach,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,Motor size,450.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,efficiency,1.1348,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,investment,356840.1722,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,Motor size,600.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,efficiency,2.0908,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,investment,139809.9795,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,lifetime,10.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,Motor size,450.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,efficiency,1.3586,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,investment,172241.267,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,Motor size,450.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,efficiency,2.3109,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,investment,194312.3164,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FT fuel transport ship,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -FT fuel transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_FTfuel,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -FT fuel transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -FT fuel transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.1.",,2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,VOM,0.9571,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",102 Hydrogen to Jet: Variable O&M,2020.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -Fischer-Tropsch,carbondioxide-input,0.276,t_CO2/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","Input per 1t FT liquid fuels output, carbon efficiency increases with years (4.3, 3.9, 3.6, 3.3 t_CO2/t_FT from 2020-2050 with LHV 11.95 MWh_th/t_FT).", -Fischer-Tropsch,efficiency,0.799,per unit,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.2.",,2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,electricity-input,0.007,MWh_el/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","0.005 MWh_el input per FT output, output increasing from 2020 to 2050 (0.65, 0.7, 0.73, 0.75 MWh liquid FT output).", -Fischer-Tropsch,hydrogen-input,1.327,MWh_H2/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","0.995 MWh_H2 per output, output increasing from 2020 to 2050 (0.65, 0.7, 0.73, 0.75 MWh liquid FT output).", -Fischer-Tropsch,investment,519738.882,EUR/MW_FT,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 8: “Reference scenario”.","Well developed technology, no significant learning expected.",2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (04/2022), Data sheet “Methanol to Power”.",,2017.0 -Gasnetz,FOM,2.5,%,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz,2020.0 -Gasnetz,investment,28.0,EUR/kWGas,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz,2020.0 -Gasnetz,lifetime,30.0,years,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz,2020.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),FOM,6.25,%/year,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , figure 7 and pg. 12 .",Assuming ca. 10 EUR/m^3/a (center value between stand alone and addon facility).,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),investment,137.8999,EUR/m^3,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 8F .",Assumed 20% lower than for product storage. Crude or middle distillate tanks are usually larger compared to product storage due to lower requirements on safety and different construction method. Reference size used here: 80 000 – 120 000 m^3 .,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),lifetime,30.0,years,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 11.",,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),FOM,6.25,%/year,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , figure 7 and pg. 12 .",Assuming ca. 10 EUR/m^3/a (center value between stand alone and addon facility).,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),investment,172.3748,EUR/m^3,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 8F .",Assumed at the higher end for addon facilities/mid-range for stand-alone facilities. Product storage usually smaller due to higher requirements on safety and different construction method. Reference size used here: 40 000 - 60 000 m^3 .,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),lifetime,30.0,years,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 11.",,2012.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.76 (p.98) Sentence 1 in 4.7.2 Operating Costs","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['1.5 percent of capital cost']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,efficiency,0.9274,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.36","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.86^0.5']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,investment,415570.5177,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 0% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,lifetime,41.7,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.36","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-store,investment,157381.7274,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 15% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['gravity'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Gravitational Capital (SB+BOS)']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-store,lifetime,41.7,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.36","{'carrier': ['gravity'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.76 (p.98) Sentence 1 in 4.7.2 Operating Costs","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['1.5 percent of capital cost']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,efficiency,0.9014,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level ((0.785+0.84)/2)^0.5']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,investment,365630.713,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 0% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-store,investment,121755.0274,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 15% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['gravitywa'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Gravitational Capital (SB+BOS)']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['gravitywa'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.76 (p.98) Sentence 1 in 4.7.2 Operating Costs","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['1.5 percent of capital cost']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,efficiency,0.9014,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level ((0.785+0.84)/2)^0.5']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,investment,905158.9602,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 0% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-store,investment,95982.5211,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 15% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['gravitywu'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Gravitational Capital (SB+BOS)']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['gravitywu'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -H2 (g) fill compressor station,FOM,1.7,%/year,"Guidehouse 2020: European Hydrogen Backbone report, https://guidehouse.com/-/media/www/site/downloads/energy/2020/gh_european-hydrogen-backbone_report.pdf (table 3, table 5)","Pessimistic (highest) value chosen for 48'' pipeline w/ 13GW_H2 LHV @ 100bar pressure. Currency year: Not clearly specified, assuming year of publication. Forecast year: Not clearly specified, guessing based on text remarks.",2020.0 -H2 (g) fill compressor station,investment,4738.7164,EUR/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), pg. 164, Figure 14 (Fill compressor).","Assumption for staging 35→140bar, 6000 MW_HHV single line pipeline. Considering HHV/LHV ration for H2.",2015.0 -H2 (g) fill compressor station,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), pg. 168, Figure 24 (Fill compressor).",,2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, > 6000 MW_HHV single line pipeline, incl. booster station investments. Considering LHV by scaling with LHV/HHV=0.8462623413.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,electricity-input,0.017,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,investment,303.6845,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 4.4 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, > 6000 MW_HHV single line pipeline, incl. booster station investments. Considering LHV by scaling with LHV/HHV=0.8462623413.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.",Same as for new H2 (g) pipeline.,2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,electricity-input,0.017,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,investment,129.4682,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line repurposed pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 0.8 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.",Same as for new H2 (g) pipeline.,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,FOM,3.0,%/year,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,electricity-input,0.017,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,investment,456.1165,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line offshore pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 7.48 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,lifetime,30.0,years,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,FOM,3.0,%/year,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,electricity-input,0.017,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,investment,160.1562,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line repurposed offshore pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 1.5 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,lifetime,30.0,years,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (l) storage tank,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.",Assuming currency year and technology year here (25 EUR/kg).,2015.0 -H2 (l) storage tank,investment,793.7456,EUR/MWh_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.","Assuming currency year and technology year here (25 EUR/kg). Future target cost. Today’s cost potentially higher according to d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material pg. 16.",2015.0 -H2 (l) storage tank,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.",Assuming currency year and technology year here (25 EUR/kg).,2015.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,capacity,11000.0,t_H2,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,investment,393737000.0,EUR,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,lifetime,20.0,years,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 evaporation,FOM,2.5,%/year,"DNV GL (2020): Study on the Import of Liquid Renewable Energy: Technology Cost Assessment, https://www.gie.eu/wp-content/uploads/filr/2598/DNV-GL_Study-GLE-Technologies-and-costs-analysis-on-imports-of-liquid-renewable-energy.pdf .",,2020.0 -H2 evaporation,investment,57.8463,EUR/kW_H2,"IRENA (2022): Global Hydrogen Trade to Meet the 1.5° Climate Goal: Technology Review of Hydrogen Carriers, https://www.irena.org/publications/2022/Apr/Global-hydrogen-trade-Part-II , pg. 62f.","Pessimistic assumption for large scale facility / near-term estimate for medium sized facility, in between low / mid estimate with e.g. DNV numbers (Fig. 3.15).; and Optimistic assumption for large scale facility 2500 t/d, cf Fig. 3.15 .",2022.0 -H2 evaporation,lifetime,20.0,years,Guesstimate.,Based on lifetime of liquefaction plant.,2015.0 -H2 liquefaction,FOM,2.5,%/year,"DNV GL (2020): Study on the Import of Liquid Renewable Energy: Technology Cost Assessment, https://www.gie.eu/wp-content/uploads/filr/2598/DNV-GL_Study-GLE-Technologies-and-costs-analysis-on-imports-of-liquid-renewable-energy.pdf .",,2020.0 -H2 liquefaction,electricity-input,0.203,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"Heuser et al. (2019): Techno-economic analysis of a potential energy trading link between Patagonia and Japan based on CO2 free hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.12.156), table 1.","6.78 kWh/kg_H2, considering H2 with LHV of 33.3333 MWh/t", -H2 liquefaction,hydrogen-input,1.017,MWh_H2/MWh_H2,"Heuser et al. (2019): Techno-economic analysis of a potential energy trading link between Patagonia and Japan based on CO2 free hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.12.156), table 1.",corresponding to 1.65% losses during liquefaction, -H2 liquefaction,investment,533.9655,EUR/kW_H2,"IRENA (2022): Global Hydrogen Trade to Meet the 1.5° Climate Goal: Technology Review of Hydrogen Carriers, https://www.irena.org/publications/2022/Apr/Global-hydrogen-trade-Part-II , pg. 62f.","Assumption for a 200t/d facility (Pessimistic long-term or optimistic short-term value).; and Assumption for a large >300t/d, e.g. 2500 t/d facility (Optimistic long-term value without change in base technology mentioned in report).",2022.0 -H2 liquefaction,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2022.0 -H2 pipeline,FOM,3.0,%/year,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -H2 pipeline,investment,282.5452,EUR/MW/km,Welder et al https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.05.059, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -H2 pipeline,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,FOM,5.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,VOM,0.5118,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,electricity-input,0.097,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification,investment,1467.9399,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification,wood-input,1.804,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification CC,FOM,5.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification CC,VOM,0.5232,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification CC,electricity-input,0.143,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification CC,investment,1489.0957,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification CC,wood-input,1.804,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification,FOM,6.4,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification,VOM,0.5061,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification,coal-input,1.62,MWh_coal/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification,electricity-input,0.02,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification,investment,399.1168,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification CC,FOM,6.2,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification CC,VOM,0.1479,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification CC,coal-input,1.62,MWh_coal/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification CC,electricity-input,0.023,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification CC,investment,413.4481,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,FOM,5.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,VOM,0.1592,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,electricity-input,0.063,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,investment,491.1331,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,lifetime,25.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,oil-input,1.3,MWh_oil/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,FOM,4.9,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,VOM,0.2047,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,electricity-input,0.02,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,gas-input,1.25,MWh_NG/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,investment,180.0518,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,FOM,6.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,VOM,0.0796,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,electricity-input,0.039,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,gas-input,1.4,MWh_NG/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,investment,217.5863,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,FOM,4.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,VOM,0.7393,EUR/MWh,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,electricity-input,0.044,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,investment,590.6564,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,wood-input,1.36,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -HVAC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVAC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVAC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,investment,165803.0398,EUR/MW,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC submarine,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0 -HVDC submarine,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1,2017.0 -HVDC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0 -HVDC underground,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 -HVDC underground,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1 (same as for HVDC submarine),2017.0 -HVDC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 -Haber-Bosch,FOM,3.1902,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,VOM,0.0113,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Variable O&M,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,electricity-input,0.2473,MWh_el/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), table 11.",Assume 5 GJ/t_NH3 for compressors and NH3 LHV = 5.16666 MWh/t_NH3., -Haber-Bosch,hydrogen-input,1.1484,MWh_H2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.","178 kg_H2 per t_NH3, LHV for both assumed.", -Haber-Bosch,investment,641.4283,EUR/kW_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,nitrogen-input,0.1597,t_N2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.",".33 MWh electricity are required for ASU per t_NH3, considering 0.4 MWh are required per t_N2 and LHV of NH3 of 5.1666 Mwh.", -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,investment,144192.2682,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,efficiency,0.4444,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,investment,576769.073,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['salthight'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-store,investment,94107.5489,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['salthight'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['salthight'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),FOM,1.2,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),efficiency,0.48,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),investment,26880.0,EUR/PKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),FOM,12.2,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),efficiency,0.56,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),investment,125710.0,EUR/LKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,FOM,0.6345,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,efficiency,0.6963,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133) include inverter 0.98 & transformer efficiency 0.98 ","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Electrolyzer']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,investment,347170.8209,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.113 (p.135)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Electrolyzer']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,lifetime,30.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,FOM,0.5812,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,efficiency,0.4869,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133) include inverter 0.98 & transformer efficiency 0.98 ","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Fuel Cell']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,investment,379007.4464,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.113 (p.135)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Fuel Cell']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,lifetime,30.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-store,FOM,0.43,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB =(C38+C39)*0.43/4","{'carrier': ['h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-store,investment,4779.9527,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.113 (p.135)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Cavern Storage']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-store,lifetime,30.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LNG storage tank,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank with comparable requirements.",Currency year and technology year assumed based on publication date.,2019.0 -LNG storage tank,investment,666.634,EUR/m^3,"Hurskainen 2019, https://cris.vtt.fi/en/publications/liquid-organic-hydrogen-carriers-lohc-concept-evaluation-and-tech pg. 46 (59).",Currency year and technology year assumed based on publication date.,2019.0 -LNG storage tank,lifetime,20.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank with comparable requirements.",Currency year and technology year assumed based on publication date.,2019.0 -LOHC chemical,investment,2500.0,EUR/t,"Runge et al 2020, pg.7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC chemical,lifetime,20.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, pg.7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation,investment,53681.4988,EUR/MW_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",per MW H2 (LHV). For a large plant of 1000 MW capacity. Calculated based on base CAPEX of 30 MEUR for 300 t/day capacity and a scale factor of 0.6.,2015.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),FOM,3.0,%/year,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),investment,839000.0,EUR/MW_H2,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",MW of H2 LHV. For a small plant of 0.9 MW capacity.,2020.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),lifetime,20.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,electricity-input,0.004,MWh_el/t_HLOHC,Niermann et al. (2019): (https://doi.org/10.1039/C8EE02700E). 6A .,"Flow in figures shows 0.2 MW for 114 MW_HHV = 96.4326 MW_LHV = 2.89298 t hydrogen. At 5.6 wt-% effective H2 storage for loaded LOHC (H18-DBT, HLOHC), corresponds to 51.6604 t loaded LOHC .", -LOHC hydrogenation,hydrogen-input,1.867,MWh_H2/t_HLOHC,"Runge et al 2020, pg. 7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",Considering 5.6 wt-% H2 in loaded LOHC (HLOHC) and LHV of H2., -LOHC hydrogenation,investment,54243.958,EUR/MW_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",per MW H2 (LHV). For a large plant of 2000 MW capacity. Calculated based on base CAPEX of 40 MEUR for 300 t/day capacity and a scale factor of 0.6.,2015.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,lohc-input,0.944,t_LOHC/t_HLOHC,"Runge et al 2020, pg. 7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514","Loaded LOHC (H18-DBT, HLOHC) has loaded only 5.6%-wt H2 as rate of discharge is kept at ca. 90%.", -LOHC loaded DBT storage,FOM,6.25,%/year,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -LOHC loaded DBT storage,investment,151.5383,EUR/t,"Density via Wissenschaftliche Dienste des Deutschen Bundestages 2020, https://www.bundestag.de/resource/blob/816048/454e182d5956d45a664da9eb85486f76/WD-8-058-20-pdf-data.pdf , pg. 11.","Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared. Density of loaded LOHC H18-DBT is 0.91 t/m^3.",2012.0 -LOHC loaded DBT storage,lifetime,30.0,years,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -LOHC transport ship,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_LOHC,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC unloaded DBT storage,FOM,6.25,%/year,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -LOHC unloaded DBT storage,investment,134.2745,EUR/t,"Density via Wissenschaftliche Dienste des Deutschen Bundestages 2020, https://www.bundestag.de/resource/blob/816048/454e182d5956d45a664da9eb85486f76/WD-8-058-20-pdf-data.pdf , pg. 11.","Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared. Density of loaded LOHC H18-DBT is 0.91 t/m^3, density of unloaded LOHC H0-DBT is 1.04 t/m^3 but unloading is only to 90% (depth-of-discharge), assume density via linearisation of 1.027 t/m^3.",2012.0 -LOHC unloaded DBT storage,lifetime,30.0,years,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,FOM,2.4427,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,efficiency,0.8832,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.78^0.5']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,investment,128853.6139,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-store,FOM,0.2542,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['lead'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-store,investment,320631.3818,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['lead'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-store,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['lead'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),FOM,1.6,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),efficiency,0.215,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),investment,26880.0,EUR/PKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),FOM,15.5,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),efficiency,0.373,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),investment,116401.0,EUR/LKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,FOM,0.366,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,investment,475721.2289,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Figure 9 of reference roughly 80% of capital cost are power related 47%/80% of costs are required for liquefaction (charging)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,FOM,0.5212,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,efficiency,0.55,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE 0.545 assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,investment,334017.033,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, NULL","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-store,FOM,0.3208,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['lair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-store,investment,159004.771,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['lair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Liquid Air SB and BOS']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['lair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,FOM,2.1198,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,efficiency,0.9193,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.8452^0.5']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,investment,81553.4846,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,lifetime,16.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-store,FOM,0.0447,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['lfp'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-store,investment,236482.8109,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['lfp'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-store,lifetime,16.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['lfp'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,FOM,2.1198,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,efficiency,0.9193,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.8452^0.5']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,investment,81553.4846,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,lifetime,13.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-store,FOM,0.038,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['nmc'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-store,investment,269576.8493,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['nmc'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-store,lifetime,13.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['nmc'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,investment,144192.2682,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,efficiency,0.5394,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,investment,576769.073,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-store,investment,58041.2003,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_MeOH,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",,2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,investment,18016.8665,EUR/MW_H2,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.","For high temperature steam reforming plant with a capacity of 200 MW_H2 output (6t/h). Reference plant of 1 MW (30kg_H2/h) costs 150kEUR, scale factor of 0.6 assumed.",2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",,2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,methanol-input,1.201,MWh_MeOH/MWh_H2,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",Assuming per 1 t_H2 (with LHV 33.3333 MWh/t): 4.5 MWh_th and 3.2 MWh_el are required. We assume electricity can be substituted / provided with 1:1 as heat energy., -NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank.",,2010.0 -NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,investment,166.8201,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Calculated based on Morgan E. 2013: doi:10.7275/11KT-3F59 , Fig. 55, Fig 58.","Based on estimated for a double-wall liquid ammonia tank (~ambient pressure, -33°C), inner tank from stainless steel, outer tank from concrete including installations for liquefaction/condensation, boil-off gas recovery and safety installations; the necessary installations make only a small fraction of the total cost. The total cost are driven by material and working time on the tanks. -While the costs do not scale strictly linearly, we here assume they do (good approximation c.f. ref. Fig 55.) and take the costs for a 9 kt NH3 (l) tank = 8 M$2010, which is smaller 4-5x smaller than the largest deployed tanks today. -We assume an exchange rate of 1.17$ to 1 €. -The investment value is given per MWh NH3 store capacity, using the LHV of NH3 of 5.18 MWh/t.",2010.0 -NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,lifetime,20.0,years,"Morgan E. 2013: doi:10.7275/11KT-3F59 , pg. 290",,2010.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B",,2019.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,capacity,53000.0,t_NH3,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B",,2019.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,investment,81164200.0,EUR,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B",,2019.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,lifetime,20.0,years,"Guess estimated based on H2 (l) tanker, but more mature technology",,2019.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,FOM,2.1198,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['((0.75-0.87)/2)^0.5 mean value of range efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,investment,81553.4846,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) same as Li-LFP","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-store,FOM,0.2262,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-store,investment,267837.874,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-store,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -OCGT,FOM,2.5747,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -OCGT,VOM,3.7038,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Variable O&M,2015.0 -OCGT,efficiency,0.43,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","52 OCGT - Natural gas: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -OCGT,investment,305.0726,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 -OCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -PEM electrolyzer small size,FOM,3.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW,2010.0 -PEM electrolyzer small size,electricity-input,1.25,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW, -PEM electrolyzer small size,investment,1080.5384,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW,2010.0 -PEM electrolyzer small size,lifetime,9.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`","Likely stack lifetime, rather than electrolyzer system lifetime", -PHS,FOM,1.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -PHS,efficiency,0.75,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -PHS,investment,2274.8177,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 -PHS,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,FOM,0.366,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Charger']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,investment,761782.6727,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Figure 9 of reference roughly 80% of capital cost are power related 47%/80% of costs are required for liquefaction (charging)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,lifetime,33.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,FOM,0.5212,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,efficiency,0.63,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE 0.62 assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,investment,534868.6851,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, NULL","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,lifetime,33.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-store,FOM,0.1528,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.103 (p.125)","{'carrier': ['phes'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-store,investment,11546.7963,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.92 (p.114)","{'carrier': ['phes'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Molten Salt based SB and BOS']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-store,lifetime,33.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['phes'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,FOM,0.9951,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, Figure 4.16","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,efficiency,0.8944,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.8^0.5']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,investment,1397128.4612,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Powerhouse Construction & Infrastructure']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-store,FOM,0.43,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['phs'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-store,investment,57074.0625,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['phs'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Reservoir Construction & Infrastructure']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['phs'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -SMR,FOM,5.0,%/year,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR,efficiency,0.76,per unit (in LHV),"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SMR,investment,522201.0492,EUR/MW_CH4,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR,lifetime,30.0,years,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SMR CC,FOM,5.0,%/year,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR CC,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",wide range: capture rates between 54%-90%, -SMR CC,efficiency,0.69,per unit (in LHV),"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SMR CC,investment,605753.2171,EUR/MW_CH4,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR CC,lifetime,30.0,years,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SOEC,FOM,4.0,%/year,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,US-based assumptions for a Conservative cost scenario,2022.0 -SOEC,electricity-input,1.11,MWh_el/MWh_H2,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,, -SOEC,investment,2029.959,USD/kW,"ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions, https://theicct.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/fuels-eu-cost-renew-H-produced-onsite-H-refueling-stations-europe-feb22.pdf adjusted according to DOE observations https://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/docs/hydrogenprogramlibraries/pdfs/24005-clean-hydrogen-production-cost-pem-electrolyzer.pdf?sfvrsn=8cb10889_1#:~:text=This%20Record%20shows%20that%20the,factors%20of%2050%2D75%25",US-based assumptions for a Conservative cost scenario,2022.0 -SOEC,lifetime,30.0,years,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,, -Sand-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Sand-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Sand-charger,investment,144192.2682,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Sand-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,efficiency,0.53,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,investment,576769.073,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Sand-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['sand'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Sand-store,investment,6700.8517,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.100 (p.122)","{'carrier': ['sand'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -Sand-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['sand'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Steam methane reforming,FOM,3.0,%/year,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW).,2015.0 -Steam methane reforming,investment,497454.611,EUR/MW_H2,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW). Currency conversion 1.17 USD = 1 EUR.,2015.0 -Steam methane reforming,lifetime,30.0,years,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW).,2015.0 -Steam methane reforming,methane-input,1.483,MWh_CH4/MWh_H2,"Keipi et al (2018): Economic analysis of hydrogen production by methane thermal decomposition (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2017.12.063), table 2.","Large scale SMR plant producing 2.5 kg/s H2 output (assuming 33.3333 MWh/t H2 LHV), with 6.9 kg/s CH4 input (feedstock) and 2 kg/s CH4 input (energy). Neglecting water consumption.", -"Tank&bulk, diesel",efficiency,0.462,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, diesel",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, diesel",investment,35129312.4041,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, diesel",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, diesel",lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, diesel",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, methanol",efficiency,0.4695,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, methanol",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, methanol",investment,35129312.4041,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, methanol",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, methanol",lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, methanol",2023.0 -"Tankbulk, ammonia",efficiency,0.471,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tankbulk, ammonia",2023.0 -"Tankbulk, ammonia",investment,35129312.4041,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tankbulk, ammonia",2023.0 -"Tankbulk, ammonia",lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tankbulk, ammonia",2023.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,FOM,2.4395,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,efficiency,0.8062,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.65^0.5']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,investment,129023.0526,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-store,FOM,0.2345,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['vanadium'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-store,investment,258072.8586,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['vanadium'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-store,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['vanadium'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,FOM,2.4395,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,efficiency,0.7937,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.25 ","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['(0.63)^0.5 efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,investment,129023.0526,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,lifetime,25.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-store,FOM,0.1654,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-store,investment,174388.0144,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.48 (p.70) text below Table 4.12","{'carrier': ['znair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-store,lifetime,25.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['znair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,FOM,2.1198,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,efficiency,0.8307,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.25 ","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['(0.69)^0.5 efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,investment,81553.4846,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,lifetime,10.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.27","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-store,FOM,0.2576,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znbrflow'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-store,investment,412306.5947,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['znbrflow'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-store,lifetime,10.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.27","{'carrier': ['znbrflow'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,FOM,2.4395,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,efficiency,0.8888,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.25","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': [' (0.79)^0.5 efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,investment,129023.0526,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,FOM,0.2244,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,investment,239220.5823,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -air separation unit,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -air separation unit,electricity-input,0.25,MWh_el/t_N2,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), p.288.","For consistency reasons use value from Danish Energy Agency. DEA also reports range of values (0.2-0.4 MWh/t_N2) on pg. 288. Other efficienices reported are even higher, e.g. 0.11 Mwh/t_N2 from Morgan (2013): Techno-Economic Feasibility Study of Ammonia Plants Powered by Offshore Wind .", -air separation unit,investment,-96759.2362,EUR/t_N2/h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 -air separation unit,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -allam,VOM,2.0,EUR/MWh,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -allam,efficiency,0.6,p.u.,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -allam,investment,1500.0,EUR/kW,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -allam,lifetime,30.0,years,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,FOM,5.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.99,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",CO2 volume captured / (Stream flowrate * Max. capacity utilization * CO2 in exhaust * 8760),2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.1,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,investment,929753.03,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 41 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 389000 t/year",2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -battery inverter,FOM,0.1875,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -battery inverter,efficiency,0.97,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2020.0 -battery inverter,investment,255.216,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2020.0 -battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -battery storage,investment,170.144,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2020.0 -battery storage,lifetime,45.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,FOM,100.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,VOM,160.0417,EUR/MWh_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-biochar,1.0,MWh_biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency biochar",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-heat,3.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency heat",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,investment,160041.7,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.144,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0 -biodiesel crops,fuel,131.8317,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIORPS1 (rape seed), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -bioethanol crops,CO2 intensity,0.1289,tCO2/MWh_th,,"CO2 released during fermentation of bioethanol crops, based on stochiometric composition: C6H12O6 -> 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2 , i.e. 1 kg ethanol → ~0.956 kg CO₂ (from fermentation) → 0.1289 tCO₂/MWh (with LHV = 26.7 MJ/kg).", -bioethanol crops,fuel,89.8502,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOCRP11 (Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -biogas,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 -biogas,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biogas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, -biogas,fuel,62.4351,EUR/MWhth,JRC and Zappa, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biogas,investment,1262.6028,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 -biogas,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biogas CC,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas CC,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 -biogas CC,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biogas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, -biogas CC,investment,1262.6028,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 -biogas CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biogas manure,fuel,19.9506,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOGAS1 (manure), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,FOM,180.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,VOM,0.9571,EUR/MWh_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Variable O&M,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,investment,531.7,EUR/kW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Specific investment,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -biogas upgrading,FOM,17.0397,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Fixed O&M ",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,VOM,5.0889,EUR/MWh output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Variable O&M",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,investment,235.9845,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: investment (upgrading, methane redution and grid injection)",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biomass,FOM,4.5269,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,efficiency,0.468,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,fuel,7.4076,EUR/MWhth,IEA2011b, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,investment,2337.6116,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,lifetime,30.0,years,ECF2010 in DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass CHP,FOM,3.3665,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass CHP,VOM,1.506,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -biomass CHP,c_b,0.4444,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -biomass CHP,efficiency,0.41,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.73,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass CHP,investment,2483.2689,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -biomass CHP,lifetime,35.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,capture_rate,0.92,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-electricity-input,0.07,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-heat-output,0.12,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,electricity-input,0.017,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-input,0.55,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-output,0.55,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,investment,1600000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass EOP,FOM,3.3665,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass EOP,VOM,1.506,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -biomass EOP,c_b,0.4444,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -biomass EOP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -biomass EOP,efficiency,0.41,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass EOP,efficiency-heat,0.73,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass EOP,investment,2483.2689,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -biomass EOP,lifetime,35.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass HOP,FOM,5.2525,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Fixed O&M, heat output",2015.0 -biomass HOP,VOM,3.0218,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Variable O&M heat output,2015.0 -biomass HOP,efficiency,1.04,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass HOP,investment,660.8265,EUR/kW_th - heat output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Nominal investment ,2015.0 -biomass HOP,lifetime,35.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -biomass boiler,FOM,18.3775,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass boiler,efficiency,0.9552,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -biomass boiler,investment,264.5554,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Specific investment",2015.0 -biomass boiler,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass boiler,pelletizing cost,9.0,EUR/MWh_pellets,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.109506,,2019.0 -biomass-to-methanol,C in fuel,0.6769,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,C stored,0.3231,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,CO2 stored,0.1185,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,FOM,112.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,VOM,0.9571,EUR/MWh_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Variable O&M,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Methanol Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-electricity,0.8,MWh_e/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Electricity Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-heat,0.8,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: District heat Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,investment,850.72,EUR/kW_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Specific investment,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,FOM,14.18,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",123.67 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘BF-BOF’.,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,coal-input,1.43,MWh_coal/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15). ","Based on process ‘Avg BF-BOF` using 195 kg_PCI/t_HM (PCI = Pulverized Coal Injected; HM = Hot Metal) as substitute for coke, 24 MJ/kg as LHV for coal and 1 : 1.1 as HM-to-steel ratio.",2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15).",,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,investment,7637406.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",871.85 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘Avg BF-BOF’.,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15).",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,ore-input,1.539,t_ore/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",Based on process ‘Avg BF-BOF`,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,scrap-input,0.051,t_scrap/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",Based on process ‘Avg BF-BOF`,2020.0 -cement capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,capture_rate,0.92,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,compression-electricity-input,0.07,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,compression-heat-output,0.12,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,electricity-input,0.015,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,heat-input,0.55,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,heat-output,1.3,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,investment,1400000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,FOM,7.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",CO2 volume captured / (Stream flowrate * Max. capacity utilization * CO2 in exhaust * 8760),2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,investment,2587727.173,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 247 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 842000 t/year",2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement dry clinker,FOM,4.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,VOM,5.2911,EUR/t_clinker,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,electricity-input,0.0694,MWh_el/t_clinker,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original values 0.25 PJ per Mt clinker,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,gas-input,0.0002,MWh_NG/t_clinker,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original values 0.0058 PJ per Mt clinker,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,heat-input,0.9444,MWh_th/t_CO2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original values 3.4 PJ per Mt clinker,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,investment,1158752.6816,EUR/t_clinker/h,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original value 125 EUR/t/year,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,lifetime,30.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement finishing,FOM,30.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement finishing,VOM,3.1747,EUR/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement finishing,clinker-input,0.656,t_cl/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND_Trans.xlsx`, Sheet `IND_Trans` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer),2015.0 -cement finishing,electricity-input,0.1736,MWh_el/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND_Trans.xlsx`, Sheet `IND_Trans` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer) with original value 0.6251 PJ per Mt cement.,2015.0 -cement finishing,investment,92700.2145,EUR/t_cement/h,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original value 10 EUR/t/year,2015.0 -cement finishing,lifetime,25.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer),2015.0 -cement finishing,slag-input,0.194,t_slag/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND_Trans.xlsx`, Sheet `IND_Trans` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer),2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.1502,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.3175,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Total efficiency, net, name plate",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,investment,704.7435,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central coal CHP,FOM,1.6316,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central coal CHP,VOM,2.8813,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central coal CHP,c_b,0.84,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -central coal CHP,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cv coefficient,2015.0 -central coal CHP,efficiency,0.535,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","01 Coal CHP: Electricity efficiency, condensation mode, net",2015.0 -central coal CHP,investment,1887.7345,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central coal CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.2102,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.7884,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,efficiency,5.7,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,investment,503.3882,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas CHP,FOM,5.1429,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP,VOM,3.1747,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP,c_b,0.8,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central gas CHP,c_v,0.17,per unit,DEA (loss of fuel for additional heat), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central gas CHP,efficiency,0.42,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central gas CHP,investment,370.3776,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central gas CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,FOM,5.1429,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,VOM,3.1747,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,c_b,0.8,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,efficiency,0.42,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,investment,370.3776,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas boiler,FOM,2.8571,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central gas boiler,VOM,0.6349,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central gas boiler,efficiency,1.06,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","44 Natural Gas DH Only: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central gas boiler,investment,37.0378,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central gas boiler,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,FOM,1.4081,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,VOM,4.5589,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,investment,1585.6871,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,lifetime,35.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.25,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.4815,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,1.8,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,investment,423.2887,EUR/kW_th excluding drive energy,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,FOM,8.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,efficiency,0.53,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,investment,529.1108,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central resistive heater,FOM,4.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central resistive heater,VOM,0.5291,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central resistive heater,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","41 Electric Boilers: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central resistive heater,investment,21.1644,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Nominal investment; 10/15 kV; >10 MW,2015.0 -central resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central solar thermal,FOM,1.4,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solar thermal,investment,148151.0278,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,FOM,2.7678,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,VOM,3.1617,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,c_b,0.3315,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency,0.38,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.85,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,investment,2638.1403,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,lifetime,35.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,FOM,2.7678,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,VOM,3.1617,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_b,0.3315,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency,0.38,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.85,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,investment,3517.6502,EUR/kW_e,Combination of central solid biomass CHP CC and solid biomass boiler steam,,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,lifetime,35.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,FOM,2.7678,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,VOM,3.1617,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_b,0.3315,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency,0.38,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency-heat,0.85,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,investment,2638.1403,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,lifetime,35.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central water pit charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2020.0 -central water pit discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2020.0 -central water pit storage,Bottom storage temperature,35.0,⁰C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Typical bottom storage temperature,2020.0 -central water pit storage,FOM,0.3362,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -central water pit storage,Top storage temperature,90.0,⁰C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Typical max. storage temperature,2020.0 -central water pit storage,energy to power ratio,150.0,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2020.0 -central water pit storage,investment,0.7436,EUR/kWh Capacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Specific investment,2020.0 -central water pit storage,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -central water pit storage,standing losses,0.0039,%/hour,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Energy losses during storage,2020.0 -central water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2020.0 -central water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2020.0 -central water tank storage,FOM,1.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central water tank storage,energy to power ratio,56.25,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2020.0 -central water tank storage,investment,2.2112,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Specific investment,2020.0 -central water tank storage,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -central water tank storage,standing losses,0.006,%/hour,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Energy losses during storage,2020.0 -central water tank storage,temperature difference,30.0,"hot/cold, K","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Typical temperature difference,2020.0 -clean water tank storage,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0 -clean water tank storage,investment,69.1286,EUR/m^3-H2O,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0 -clean water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",, -coal,CO2 intensity,0.3361,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid-Emissionen des deutschen Strommix in den Jahren 1990 - 2018,, -coal,FOM,1.31,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100.",2023.0 -coal,VOM,3.2612,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3+5.5)USD/MWh_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR).",2023.0 -coal,efficiency,0.356,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. 1 / ((8.75+12) MMbtu/MWh_th /2 / (3.4095 MMbtu/MWh_th)), rounded up.",2023.0 -coal,fuel,9.5542,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on IEA 2011 data, 99 USD/t.",2010.0 -coal,investment,3827.1629,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Higher costs include coal plants with CCS, but since using here for calculating the average nevertheless. Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3200+6775) USD/kW_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR).",2023.0 -coal,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 -csp-tower,FOM,1.4,%/year,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power),Ratio between CAPEX and FOM from ATB database for “moderate” scenario.,2020.0 -csp-tower,investment,99.38,"EUR/kW_th,dp",ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include solar field and solar tower as well as EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant). Total costs (223,708,924 USD) are divided by active area (heliostat reflective area, 1,269,054 m2) and multiplied by design point DNI (0.95 kW/m2) to obtain EUR/kW_th. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR.",2020.0 -csp-tower,lifetime,30.0,years,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power),-,2020.0 -csp-tower TES,FOM,1.4,%/year,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -csp-tower TES,investment,13.32,EUR/kWh_th,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include the TES incl. EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant, 2.791 MW_th TES). Total costs (69390776.7 USD) are divided by TES size to obtain EUR/kW_th. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR.",2020.0 -csp-tower TES,lifetime,30.0,years,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -csp-tower power block,FOM,1.4,%/year,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -csp-tower power block,investment,696.2,EUR/kW_e,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include the power cycle incl. BOP and EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant). Total costs (135185685.5 USD) are divided by power block nameplate capacity size to obtain EUR/kW_e. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR.",2020.0 -csp-tower power block,lifetime,30.0,years,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -decentral CHP,FOM,3.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral CHP,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral CHP,investment,1481.5103,EUR/kWel,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,FOM,3.1333,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,4.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.3 Air to water existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,1269.866,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,FOM,5.6212,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,efficiency,1.02,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","202 Natural gas boiler: Total efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,investment,529.1108,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler connection,investment,211.6443,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Possible additional specific investment,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler connection,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,1.88,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,4.2,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.7 Ground source existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,2116.4433,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,FOM,2.0,%/year,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,investment,165.0975,EUR/kWth,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf) (+eigene Berechnung), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,FOM,2.0,%/year,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,investment,105.8222,EUR/kWhth,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,FOM,1.3,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,investment,285719.8393,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2020.0 -decentral water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,FOM,1.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,VOM,0.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Variable O&M,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,energy to power ratio,0.2,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,investment,522.2676,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Specific investment,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,standing losses,2.5,%/hour,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Energy losses during storage,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,temperature difference,30.0,"hot/cold, K","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Typical temperature difference,2020.0 -digestible biomass,fuel,17.0611,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOAGRW1, ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0 -digestible biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -digestible biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -digestible biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.39,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, -digestible biomass to hydrogen,investment,2648.1996,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -direct air capture,FOM,4.95,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,compression-electricity-input,0.15,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,compression-heat-output,0.2,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,electricity-input,0.4,MWh_el/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","0.4 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 0.182 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019). Should already include electricity for water scrubbing and compression (high quality CO2 output).",2020.0 -direct air capture,heat-input,1.6,MWh_th/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","Thermal energy demand. Provided via air-sourced heat pumps. 1.6 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 1.102 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019).",2020.0 -direct air capture,heat-output,0.7,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,investment,3000000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct firing gas,FOM,1.0303,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas,VOM,0.282,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing gas,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing gas,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,FOM,1.0303,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,VOM,0.282,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,FOM,1.4091,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,VOM,0.3351,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,FOM,1.4091,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,VOM,0.3351,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Based on https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/capesize-freight-returns-below-operating-expense-levels-but-shipowners-reject-lay-ups/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","5000 USD/d OPEX, exchange rate: 1.15 USD = 1 EUR; absolute value calculate relative to investment cost.",2020.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,capacity,180000.0,t,-,"DWT; corresponds to size of Capesize bulk carriers which have previously docked at the habour in Hamburg, Germany. Short of 200 kt limit for VLBCs.",2020.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,investment,40000000.0,EUR,"Based on https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/dry-bulk-carriers-in-high-demand-as-rates-keep-rallying/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","See figure for ‘Dry Bulk Newbuild Prices’, Capesize at end of 2020. Exchange rate: 1.15 USD = 1 EUR.",2020.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,lifetime,25.0,years,"Based on https://mfame.guru/fall-life-expectancy-bulk-carriers/, accessed: 2022-12-03.",Expected lifetime.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,FOM,30.0,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","EAF has high OPEX of 62.99 EUR/year/t_steel, presumably because of electrode corrosion.",2020.0 -electric arc furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,electricity-input,0.6395,MWh_el/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘EAF’. ,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,hbi-input,1.0,t_hbi/t_steel,-,Assume HBI instead of scrap as input.Scrap would require higher input (in tonnes) as steel content is lower.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,investment,1839600.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",210 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘EAF’.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,FOM,30.0,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","EAF has high OPEX of 62.99 EUR/year/t_steel, presumably because of electrode corrosion.",2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,electricity-input,0.6395,MWh_el/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘EAF’. ,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,hbi-input,0.37,t_hbi/t_steel,"World Steel Association, Fact Sheet – Steel and raw materials: https://worldsteel.org/wp-content/uploads/Fact-sheet-raw-materials-2023-1.pdf, Accessed 2024-04-17.",Assume HBI instead of scrap as input.Scrap would require higher input (in tonnes) as steel content is lower.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,investment,1839600.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",210 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘EAF’.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,scrap-input,0.71,t_scrap/t_steel,"World Steel Association, Fact Sheet – Steel and raw materials: https://worldsteel.org/wp-content/uploads/Fact-sheet-raw-materials-2023-1.pdf, Accessed 2024-04-17.",,2020.0 -electric boiler steam,FOM,1.3143,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Fixed O&M,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,VOM,0.7855,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Variable O&M,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","310.1 Electric boiler steam : Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -electric boiler steam,investment,70.49,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Nominal investment,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Technical lifetime,2019.0 -electric steam cracker,FOM,3.0,%/year,Guesstimate,,2015.0 -electric steam cracker,VOM,190.4799,EUR/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",,2015.0 -electric steam cracker,carbondioxide-output,0.55,t_CO2/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), ",The report also references another source with 0.76 t_CO2/t_HVC, -electric steam cracker,electricity-input,2.7,MWh_el/t_HVC,"Lechtenböhmer et al. (2016): 10.1016/j.energy.2016.07.110, Section 4.3, page 6.",Assuming electrified processing., -electric steam cracker,investment,11124025.7434,EUR/(t_HVC/h),"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",Assuming CAPEX of 1200 €/t actually given in €/(t/a).,2015.0 -electric steam cracker,lifetime,30.0,years,Guesstimate,, -electric steam cracker,naphtha-input,14.8,MWh_naphtha/t_HVC,"Lechtenböhmer et al. (2016): 10.1016/j.energy.2016.07.110, Section 4.3, page 6.",, -electricity distribution grid,FOM,2.0,%/year,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity distribution grid,investment,529.1108,EUR/kW,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity distribution grid,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity grid connection,FOM,2.0,%/year,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity grid connection,investment,148.151,EUR/kW,DEA, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity grid connection,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electrobiofuels,C in fuel,0.9316,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,FOM,100.0,%/year,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2015.0 -electrobiofuels,VOM,1.4418,EUR/MWh_th,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2017.0 -electrobiofuels,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -electrobiofuels,efficiency-biomass,1.3283,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,efficiency-hydrogen,1.2971,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,efficiency-tot,0.6563,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,investment,322224.6071,EUR/kW_th,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2017.0 -electrolysis,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 -electrolysis,efficiency,0.5505,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 -electrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.3083,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 -electrolysis,investment,1000.0,EUR/kW_e,private communications; IEA https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/9e0c82d4-06d2-496b-9542-f184ba803645/TheRoleofE-fuelsinDecarbonisingTransport.pdf,,2020.0 -electrolysis,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -electrolysis small,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 -electrolysis small,efficiency,0.5505,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 -electrolysis small,efficiency-heat,0.3083,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 -electrolysis small,investment,2275.0,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Specific investment,2020.0 -electrolysis small,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Technical lifetime of plant,2020.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,FOM,7.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.94,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.12,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,investment,928559.735,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 36 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 342000 t/year",2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol from starch crop,FOM,16.4,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original values FIXOM in MEUR/GW divided by INVCOST for the corresponding year",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,VOM,26.3497,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value 6.93 MEUR/PJ VAROM",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,efficiency,0.58,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production. Converted from 0.35 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,investment,603376.8073,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for USA and European production,2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,FOM,19.51,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original values FIXOM in MEUR/GW divided by INVCOST for the corresponding year",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,VOM,23.1751,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production, original value 6.09 MEUR/PJ VAROM",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,efficiency,0.45,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production. Converted from 0.292 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,investment,446537.78,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for Brazilian production,2015.0 -fuel cell,FOM,8.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -fuel cell,efficiency,0.53,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -fuel cell,investment,529.1108,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -fuelwood,fuel,11.9967,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOO (FuelwoodRW), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -gas,CO2 intensity,0.198,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 50 GJ/t CH4,, -gas,fuel,24.568,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -gas boiler steam,FOM,3.74,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,VOM,1.007,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.96,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -gas boiler steam,investment,45.7727,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -gas storage,FOM,0.5368,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",150 Underground Storage of Gas: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -gas storage,investment,0.2366,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",150 Underground Storage of Gas: Specific investment,2020.0 -gas storage,lifetime,100.0,years,TODO no source,"150 Underground Storage of Gas: estimation: most underground storage are already built, they do have a long lifetime",2020.0 -gas storage charger,investment,15.2479,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",,2020.0 -gas storage discharger,investment,5.0826,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",,2020.0 -geothermal,CO2 intensity,0.12,tCO2/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",Likely to be improved; Average of 85 percent of global egs power plant capacity; Result of fluid circulation through rock formations,2020.0 -geothermal,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",See Supplemental Material of source for details,2020.0 -geothermal,district heat surcharge,25.0,%,Frey et al. 2022: Techno-Economic Assessment of Geothermal Resources in the Variscan Basement of the Northern Upper Rhine Graben,"If capital cost of electric generation from EGS is 100%, district heating adds additional 25%. Costs incurred by piping.",2020.0 -geothermal,district heat-input,0.8,MWh_thdh/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, District Heat-output. This is an assessment of typical heat losses when heat is transmitted from the EGS plant to the DH network, This is a rough estimate, depends on local conditions",2020.0 -geothermal,lifetime,30.0,years,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",,2020.0 -helmeth,FOM,3.0,%/year,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -helmeth,efficiency,0.8,per unit,HELMETH press release, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -helmeth,investment,2116.4433,EUR/kW,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -helmeth,lifetime,25.0,years,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -home battery inverter,FOM,0.1875,%/year,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -home battery inverter,efficiency,0.97,per unit,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2020.0 -home battery inverter,investment,371.8862,EUR/kW,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2020.0 -home battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -home battery storage,investment,246.3549,EUR/kWh,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2020.0 -home battery storage,lifetime,45.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -hydro,FOM,1.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -hydro,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -hydro,investment,2274.8177,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 -hydro,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,FOM,11.3,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","55.28 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ OPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15).",,2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,electricity-input,1.03,MWh_el/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ reduced by electricity demand of process ‘EAF’.,2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,hydrogen-input,2.1,MWh_H2/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2022-12-05). ","63 kg H2/t steel for process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ according to documentation (raw input files for MPP model list 73 kg H2 / t steel, which seems to high and is probably incorrect).",2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,investment,4277858.0,EUR/t_HBI/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","488.34 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ CAPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,ore-input,1.59,t_ore/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03). ",Based on process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’.,2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,compression-electricity-input,0.05,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.",1.707 kWh/kg.,2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,investment,87.69,EUR/kW_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.","2923 EUR/kg_H2. For a 206 kg/h compressor. Base CAPEX 40 528 EUR/kW_el with scale factor 0.4603. kg_H2 converted to MWh using LHV. Pressure range: 30 bar in, 250 bar out.",2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,lifetime,15.0,years,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,investment,13.5,EUR/kWh_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.","450 EUR/kg_H2 converted with LHV to MWh. For a type 1 hydrogen storage tank (steel, 15-250 bar). Currency year assumed 2020 for initial publication of reference; observe note in SI.4.3 that no currency year is explicitly stated in the reference.",2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,lifetime,20.0,years,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,min_fill_level,6.0,%,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,FOM,1.4286,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,investment,22.3314,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Specific investment,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,FOM,0.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,VOM,0.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Variable O&M,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,investment,1.9141,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Specific investment,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,lifetime,100.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,FOM,0.0857,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,VOM,3.1418,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Variable O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,efficiency,3.525,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,investment,845.88,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Nominal investment,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,FOM,0.1029,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,VOM,3.1418,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Variable O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,efficiency,3.14,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,investment,704.9,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -iron ore DRI-ready,commodity,97.73,EUR/t,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://missionpossiblepartnership.org/action-sectors/steel/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","DRI ready assumes 65% iron content, requiring no additional benefication.",2020.0 -iron-air battery,FOM,1.1808,%/year,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery,investment,11.1494,EUR/kWh,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery,lifetime,17.5,years,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery charge,efficiency,0.74,per unit,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery discharge,efficiency,0.63,per unit,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -lignite,CO2 intensity,0.4069,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid-Emissionen des deutschen Strommix in den Jahren 1990 - 2018,, -lignite,FOM,1.31,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,VOM,3.2612,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3+5.5)USD/MWh_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR). Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,efficiency,0.33,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. 1 / ((8.75+12) MMbtu/MWh_th /2 / (3.4095 MMbtu/MWh_th)), rounded up. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,fuel,3.2985,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on IEA 2011 data, 10 USD/t.",2010.0 -lignite,investment,3827.1629,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Higher costs include coal plants with CCS, but since using here for calculating the average nevertheless. Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3200+6775) USD/kW_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR). Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf .",2023.0 -lignite,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -methanation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.2.3.1",,2017.0 -methanation,carbondioxide-input,0.198,t_CO2/MWh_CH4,"Götz et al. (2016): Renewable Power-to-Gas: A technological and economic review (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2015.07.066), Fig. 11 .",Additional H2 required for methanation process (2x H2 amount compared to stochiometric conversion)., -methanation,efficiency,0.8,per unit,Palzer and Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -methanation,hydrogen-input,1.282,MWh_H2/MWh_CH4,,Based on ideal conversion process of stochiometric composition (1 t CH4 contains 750 kg of carbon)., -methanation,investment,519.7389,EUR/kW_CH4,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 6: “Reference scenario”.",,2017.0 -methanation,lifetime,20.0,years,Guesstimate.,"Based on lifetime for methanolisation, Fischer-Tropsch plants.",2017.0 -methane storage tank incl. compressor,FOM,1.9,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor by DEA.",Based on assumptions for hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor (by DEA).,2014.0 -methane storage tank incl. compressor,investment,8961.5075,EUR/m^3,Storage costs per l: https://www.compositesworld.com/articles/pressure-vessels-for-alternative-fuels-2014-2023 (2021-02-10).,"Assume 5USD/l (= 4.23 EUR/l at 1.17 USD/EUR exchange rate) for type 1 pressure vessel for 200 bar storage and 100% surplus costs for including compressor costs with storage, based on similar assumptions by DEA for compressed hydrogen storage tanks.",2014.0 -methane storage tank incl. compressor,lifetime,30.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor by DEA.",Based on assumptions for hydrogen storage tank 1 including compressor (by DEA).,2014.0 -methanol,CO2 intensity,0.2482,tCO2/MWh_th,,, -methanol-to-kerosene,FOM,4.5,%/year,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",,2020.0 -methanol-to-kerosene,VOM,1.35,EUR/MWh_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",,2020.0 -methanol-to-kerosene,hydrogen-input,0.0279,MWh_H2/MWh_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 6.","Assuming LHV 11.94 kWh/kg for kerosene, 5.54 kWh/kg for methanol, 33.3 kWh/kg for hydrogen.", -methanol-to-kerosene,investment,200000.0,EUR/MW_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",,2020.0 -methanol-to-kerosene,lifetime,30.0,years,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",, -methanol-to-kerosene,methanol-input,1.0764,MWh_MeOH/MWh_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 6.","Assuming LHV 11.94 kWh/kg for kerosene, 5.54 kWh/kg for methanol, 33.3 kWh/kg for hydrogen.", -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,FOM,3.0,%/year,Guesstimate,same as steam cracker,2015.0 -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,VOM,31.7466,EUR/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35", ,2015.0 -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,carbondioxide-output,0.6107,t_CO2/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Sections 4.5 (for ethylene and propylene) and 4.6 (for BTX)","Weighted average: 0.4 t_MeOH/t_ethylene+propylene for 21.7 Mt of ethylene and 17 Mt of propylene, 1.13 t_CO2/t_BTX for 15.7 Mt of BTX. The report also references process emissions of 0.55 t_MeOH/t_ethylene+propylene elsewhere. ", -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,electricity-input,1.3889,MWh_el/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), page 69",5 GJ/t_HVC , -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,investment,2781006.4359,EUR/(t_HVC/h),"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",Assuming CAPEX of 1200 €/t actually given in €/(t/a).,2015.0 -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,lifetime,30.0,years,Guesstimate,same as steam cracker, -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,methanol-input,18.03,MWh_MeOH/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Sections 4.5 (for ethylene and propylene) and 4.6 (for BTX)","Weighted average: 2.83 t_MeOH/t_ethylene+propylene for 21.7 Mt of ethylene and 17 Mt of propylene, 4.2 t_MeOH/t_BTX for 15.7 Mt of BTX. Assuming 5.54 MWh_MeOH/t_MeOH. ", -methanolisation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.1.",,2017.0 -methanolisation,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -methanolisation,carbondioxide-input,0.248,t_CO2/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 66.",, -methanolisation,electricity-input,0.271,MWh_e/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 65.",, -methanolisation,heat-output,0.1,MWh_th/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 65.",steam generation of 2 GJ/t_MeOH, -methanolisation,hydrogen-input,1.138,MWh_H2/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 64.",189 kg_H2 per t_MeOH, -methanolisation,investment,519738.882,EUR/MW_MeOH,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 8: “Reference scenario”.","Well developed technology, no significant learning expected.",2017.0 -methanolisation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (04/2022), Data sheet “Methanol to Power”.",,2017.0 -micro CHP,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -micro CHP,efficiency,0.39,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Electric efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -micro CHP,efficiency-heat,0.609,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -micro CHP,investment,4356.5071,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 -micro CHP,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,FOM,11.3,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,gas-input,2.78,MWh_NG/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",Original value 10 GJ/t_DRI.,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,investment,4277858.0,EUR/t_HBI/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.","488.34 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ CAPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,ore-input,1.59,t_ore/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",, -nuclear,FOM,1.27,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (131.5+152.75)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) relative to investment costs.",2023.0 -nuclear,VOM,3.5464,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (4.25+5)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 -nuclear,efficiency,0.326,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on heat rate of 10.45 MMBtu/MWh_e and 3.4095 MMBtu/MWh_th, i.e. 1/(10.45/3.4095) = 0.3260.",2023.0 -nuclear,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -nuclear,investment,8594.1354,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (8475+13925)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 -nuclear,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 -offwind,FOM,1.593,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Fixed O&M [EUR/MW_e/y, 2020]",2020.0 -offwind,VOM,0.0212,EUR/MWhel,RES costs made up to fix curtailment order, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind,investment,1553.6342,"EUR/kW_e, 2020","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Nominal investment [MEUR/MW_e, 2020] grid connection costs subtracted from investment costs",2020.0 -offwind,lifetime,35.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2841.3251,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,1420.1334,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-ac-station,investment,264.5554,EUR/kWel,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2116.4433,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,1058.2216,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017; average + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-station,investment,423.2887,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017; assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-float,FOM,1.39,%/year,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0 -offwind-float,investment,1580.0,EUR/kWel,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0 -offwind-float,lifetime,20.0,years,C. Maienza 2020 A life cycle cost model for floating offshore wind farms,,2020.0 -offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2118.5597,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf,,2014.0 -offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,1039.4778,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017, average + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 -offwind-float-station,investment,415.7911,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017, assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 -oil,CO2 intensity,0.2571,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 44 GJ/t diesel and -CH2- approximation of diesel,, -oil,FOM,3.4422,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -oil,VOM,2.7514,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0 -oil,efficiency,0.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","50 Diesel engine farm: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -oil,fuel,52.9111,EUR/MWhth,IEA WEM2017 97USD/boe = http://www.iea.org/media/weowebsite/2017/WEM_Documentation_WEO2017.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -oil,investment,248.8937,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Specific investment,2015.0 -oil,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -onwind,FOM,1.1403,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -onwind,VOM,1.0286,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Variable O&M,2015.0 -onwind,investment,841.8947,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Nominal investment ,2015.0 -onwind,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -organic rankine cycle,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551","Both for flash, binary and ORC plants. See Supplemental Material for details",2020.0 -organic rankine cycle,electricity-input,0.12,MWh_el/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, Electricity-output. This is a rough estimate, depends on input temperature, implies ~150 C.",2020.0 -organic rankine cycle,investment,1376.0,EUR/kW_el,Tartiere and Astolfi 2017: A world overview of the organic Rankine cycle market,"Low rollout complicates the estimation, compounded by a dependence both on plant size and temperature, converted from 1500 USD/kW using currency conversion 1.09 USD = 1 EUR.",2020.0 -organic rankine cycle,lifetime,30.0,years,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",,2020.0 -ror,FOM,2.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -ror,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -ror,investment,3412.2266,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 -ror,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -seawater RO desalination,electricity-input,0.003,MWHh_el/t_H2O,"Caldera et al. (2016): Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Fig. 4.",Desalination using SWRO. Assume medium salinity of 35 Practical Salinity Units (PSUs) = 35 kg/m^3., -seawater desalination,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2015.0 -seawater desalination,electricity-input,3.0348,kWh/m^3-H2O,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Fig. 4.",, -seawater desalination,investment,22249.7881,EUR/(m^3-H2O/h),"Caldera et al 2017: Learning Curve for Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination Plants: Capital Cost Trend of the Past, Present, and Future (https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR021402), Table 4.",,2015.0 -seawater desalination,lifetime,30.0,years,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",, -shipping fuel methanol,CO2 intensity,0.2482,tCO2/MWh_th,-,Based on stochiometric composition.,2020.0 -shipping fuel methanol,fuel,72.0,EUR/MWh_th,"Based on (source 1) Hampp et al (2022), https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.01092, and (source 2): https://www.methanol.org/methanol-price-supply-demand/; both accessed: 2022-12-03.",400 EUR/t assuming range roughly in the long-term range for green methanol (source 1) and late 2020+beyond values for grey methanol (source 2).,2020.0 -solar,FOM,2.1445,%/year,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop' and 50% 'solar-utility',2020.0 -solar,VOM,0.0106,EUR/MWhel,RES costs made up to fix curtailment order, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -solar,investment,351.558,EUR/kW_e,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop' and 50% 'solar-utility',2020.0 -solar,lifetime,40.0,years,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop' and 50% 'solar-utility',2020.0 -solar-rooftop,FOM,1.6836,%/year,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop,discount rate,0.04,per unit,standard for decentral, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -solar-rooftop,investment,449.7932,EUR/kW_e,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop,lifetime,40.0,years,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,FOM,1.8718,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,investment,357.9532,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,FOM,1.4955,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,investment,541.6332,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-utility,FOM,2.6054,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-utility,investment,253.3228,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-utility,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,FOM,2.7744,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,investment,291.9586,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solid biomass,CO2 intensity,0.3667,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 18 GJ/t_DM LHV and 50% C-content for solid biomass,, -solid biomass,fuel,13.6489,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOOW1 (secondary forest residue wood chips), ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,FOM,6.2831,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,VOM,2.8679,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,efficiency,0.92,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,investment,540.1182,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,lifetime,35.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,FOM,6.2831,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,VOM,2.8679,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,efficiency,0.92,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,investment,540.1182,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,lifetime,35.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -solid biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -solid biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -solid biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.56,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, -solid biomass to hydrogen,investment,2648.1996,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,FOM,5.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",CO2 volume captured / (Stream flowrate * Max. capacity utilization * CO2 in exhaust * 8760),2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,investment,3561435.753,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 1342 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 3324000 t/year",2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -uranium,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -waste CHP,FOM,2.303,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -waste CHP,VOM,20.1527,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -waste CHP,c_b,0.2545,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP,efficiency,0.25,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP,efficiency-heat,0.86,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP,investment,5468.1254,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -waste CHP,lifetime,35.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,FOM,2.303,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,VOM,20.1527,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,c_b,0.2545,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,efficiency,0.25,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.86,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,investment,5468.1254,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,lifetime,35.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -water tank charger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -water tank discharger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 diff --git a/ariadne-data/costs/pessimist/costs_2020.csv b/ariadne-data/costs/pessimist/costs_2020.csv deleted file mode 100644 index a2edd9017..000000000 --- a/ariadne-data/costs/pessimist/costs_2020.csv +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1238 +0,0 @@ -technology,parameter,value,unit,source,further description,currency_year -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,FOM,6.4,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,VOM,0.6142,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,electricity-input,1.5,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,investment,711.9042,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,lifetime,40.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,FOM,18.1,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,VOM,0.2389,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,electricity-input,1.633,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,investment,566.0884,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,FOM,18.1,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,VOM,1.0919,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,electricity-input,1.62,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,investment,984.8823,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW, -Ammonia cracker,FOM,4.3,%/year,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 7.","Estimated based on Labour cost rate, Maintenance cost rate, Insurance rate, Admin. cost rate and Chemical & other consumables cost rate.",2015.0 -Ammonia cracker,ammonia-input,1.46,MWh_NH3/MWh_H2,"ENGIE et al (2020): Ammonia to Green Hydrogen Feasibility Study (https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/880826/HS420_-_Ecuity_-_Ammonia_to_Green_Hydrogen.pdf), Fig. 10.",Assuming a integrated 200t/d cracking and purification facility. Electricity demand (316 MWh per 2186 MWh_LHV H2 output) is assumed to also be ammonia LHV input which seems a fair assumption as the facility has options for a higher degree of integration according to the report)., -Ammonia cracker,investment,1123945.3807,EUR/MW_H2,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 6.",Calculated. For a small (200 t_NH3/d input) facility. Base cost for facility: 51 MEUR at capacity 20 000m^3_NH3/h = 339 t_NH3/d input. Cost scaling exponent 0.67. Ammonia density 0.7069 kg/m^3. Conversion efficiency of cracker: 0.685. Ammonia LHV: 5.167 MWh/t_NH3.; and Calculated. For a large (2500 t_NH3/d input) facility. Base cost for facility: 51 MEUR at capacity 20 000m^3_NH3/h = 339 t_NH3/d input. Cost scaling exponent 0.67. Ammonia density 0.7069 kg/m^3. Conversion efficiency of cracker: 0.685. Ammonia LHV: 5.167 MWh/t_NH3.,2015.0 -Ammonia cracker,lifetime,25.0,years,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 7.",,2015.0 -BEV Bus city,FOM,0.0001,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,Motor size,300.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,efficiency,0.97,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,investment,409373.5872,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Coach,FOM,0.0001,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,Motor size,250.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,efficiency,0.9613,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,investment,489913.3908,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,Motor size,400.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,efficiency,1.5362,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,investment,325191.1729,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,lifetime,10.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,Motor size,330.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,efficiency,0.9603,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,investment,338623.152,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,Motor size,490.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,efficiency,1.6988,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,investment,360694.2014,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),FOM,0.9,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),efficiency,0.68,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),investment,33000.0,EUR/PKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (trucks),FOM,14.0,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (trucks),2020.0 -Battery electric (trucks),investment,204067.0,EUR/LKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (trucks),2020.0 -Battery electric (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (trucks),2020.0 -BioSNG,C in fuel,0.324,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,C stored,0.676,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,CO2 stored,0.2479,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,FOM,1.608,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Fixed O&M",2020.0 -BioSNG,VOM,2.8712,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Variable O&M",2020.0 -BioSNG,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -BioSNG,efficiency,0.6,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Bio SNG Output",2020.0 -BioSNG,investment,2658.5,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Specific investment",2020.0 -BioSNG,lifetime,25.0,years,TODO,"84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -BtL,C in fuel,0.2455,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,C stored,0.7545,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,CO2 stored,0.2767,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,FOM,2.4,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Fixed O&M",2020.0 -BtL,VOM,1.1299,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Variable O&M",2020.0 -BtL,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -BtL,efficiency,0.35,per unit,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Electricity Output",2020.0 -BtL,investment,3638.1722,EUR/kW_th,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Specific investment",2017.0 -BtL,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Technical lifetime",2020.0 -CCGT,FOM,3.3295,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -CCGT,VOM,4.6562,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Variable O&M",2015.0 -CCGT,c_b,1.8,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -CCGT,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -CCGT,efficiency,0.56,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -CCGT,investment,931.235,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Nominal investment",2015.0 -CCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -CH4 (g) fill compressor station,FOM,1.7,%/year,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0 -CH4 (g) fill compressor station,investment,1654.96,EUR/MW_CH4,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station cost.","Assume same ratio as between H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station, i.e. 1:19 , due to a lack of reliable numbers.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) fill compressor station,lifetime,20.0,years,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,FOM,1.5,%/year,Assume same as for H2 (g) pipeline in 2050 (CH4 pipeline as mature technology).,"Due to lack of numbers, use comparable H2 pipeline assumptions.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,electricity-input,0.01,MW_e/1000km/MW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: 112 6 gas Main distri line.","Assumption for gas pipeline >100MW, 0.1% per station and spacing of 100km yields 1%/1000km. Electric compression.",2015.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,investment,87.22,EUR/MW/km,Guesstimate.,"Based on Arab Gas Pipeline: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Gas_Pipeline: cost = 1.2e9 $-US (year = ?), capacity=10.3e9 m^3/a NG, l=1200km, NG-LHV=39MJ/m^3*90% (also Wikipedia estimate from here https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_of_combustion). Presumed to include booster station cost.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,lifetime,50.0,years,Assume same as for H2 (g) pipeline in 2050 (CH4 pipeline as mature technology).,"Due to lack of numbers, use comparable H2 pipeline assumptions.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,FOM,3.0,%/year,"d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material.",-,2015.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,electricity-input,0.01,MW_e/1000km/MW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: 112 6 gas Main distri line.","Assumption for gas pipeline >100MW, 0.1% per station and spacing of 100km yields 1%/1000km. Electric compression.",2015.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,investment,119.3173,EUR/MW/km,Kaiser (2017): 10.1016/j.marpol.2017.05.003 .,"Based on Gulfstream pipeline costs (430 mi long pipeline for natural gas in deep/shallow waters) of 2.72e6 USD/mi and 1.31 bn ft^3/d capacity (36 in diameter), LHV of methane 13.8888 MWh/t and density of 0.657 kg/m^3 and 1.17 USD:1EUR conversion rate = 102.4 EUR/MW/km. Number is without booster station cost. Estimation of additional cost for booster stations based on H2 (g) pipeline numbers from Guidehouse (2020): European Hydrogen Backbone report and Danish Energy Agency (2021): Technology Data for Energy Transport, were booster stations make ca. 6% of pipeline cost; here add additional 10% for booster stations as they need to be constructed submerged or on plattforms. (102.4*1.1).",2014.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,lifetime,30.0,years,"d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material.",-,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,capacity,58300.0,t_CH4,"Calculated, based on Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",based on 138 000 m^3 capacity and LNG density of 0.4226 t/m^3 .,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,investment,159791465.6831,EUR,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,lifetime,25.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2015.0 -CH4 evaporation,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 evaporation,investment,91.1101,EUR/kW_CH4,"Calculated, based on Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306","based on 100 MUSD-2005/(1 bcm/a), 1 bcm = 10.6 TWh, currency exchange rate: 1.15 USD=1 EUR.",2005.0 -CH4 evaporation,lifetime,30.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,electricity-input,0.036,MWh_el/MWh_CH4,"Pospíšil et al. (2019): Energy demand of liquefaction and regasification of natural gas and the potential of LNG for operative thermal energy storage (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.09.027), Table 2 and Table 3. alternative source 2: https://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/methane (accessed 2021-02-10).","Assuming 0.5 MWh/t_CH4 for refigeration cycle based on Table 2 of source; cleaning of gas presumed unnecessary as it should be nearly pure CH4 (=SNG). Assuming energy required is only electricity which is for Table 3 in the source provided with efficiencies of ~50% of LHV, making the numbers consistent with the numbers in Table 2.", -CH4 liquefaction,investment,241.443,EUR/kW_CH4,"Calculated, based on Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306","based on 265 MUSD-2005/(1 bcm/a), 1 bcm = 10.6 TWh, currency exchange rate: 1.15 USD=1 EUR.",2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,lifetime,25.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,methane-input,1.0,MWh_CH4/MWh_CH4,"Pospíšil et al. (2019): Energy demand of liquefaction and regasification of natural gas and the potential of LNG for operative thermal energy storage (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.09.027), Table 2 and Table 3. alternative source 2: https://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/methane (accessed 2021-02-10).","For refrigeration cycle, cleaning of gas presumed unnecessary as it should be nearly pure CH4 (=SNG). Assuming energy required is only electricity which is for Table 3 in the source provided with efficiencies of ~50% of LHV, making the numbers consistent with the numbers in Table 2.", -CO2 liquefaction,FOM,5.0,%/year,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,,2004.0 -CO2 liquefaction,carbondioxide-input,1.0,t_CO2/t_CO2,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,"Assuming a pure, humid, low-pressure input stream. Neglecting possible gross-effects of CO2 which might be cycled for the cooling process.", -CO2 liquefaction,electricity-input,0.123,MWh_el/t_CO2,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,, -CO2 liquefaction,heat-input,0.0067,MWh_th/t_CO2,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,For drying purposes., -CO2 liquefaction,investment,16.7226,EUR/t_CO2/h,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,"Plant capacity of 20 kt CO2 / d and an uptime of 85%. For a high purity, humid, low pressure input stream, includes drying and compression necessary for liquefaction.",2004.0 -CO2 liquefaction,lifetime,25.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on CH4 liquefaction.",,2004.0 -CO2 pipeline,FOM,0.9,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",,2015.0 -CO2 pipeline,investment,2116.4433,EUR/(tCO2/h)/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",Assuming the 120-500 t CO2/h range that is based on cost of a 12 inch onshore pipeline.,2015.0 -CO2 pipeline,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",,2015.0 -CO2 storage tank,FOM,1.0,%/year,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, pg. 2746 .","Assuming a 3000m^3 pressurised steel cylinder tanks and a CO2 density of 1100 kg/m^3 (close to triple point at -56.6°C and 5.2 bar with max density of 1200kg/m^3 ). Lauri et al. report costs 3x higher per m^3 for steel tanks, which are consistent with other sources. The numbers reported are in rather difficult to pinpoint as systems can greatly vary.",2013.0 -CO2 storage tank,investment,2584.3462,EUR/t_CO2,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, Table 3.","Assuming a 3000m^3 pressurised steel cylinder tanks and a CO2 density of 1100 kg/m^3 (close to triple point at -56.6°C and 5.2 bar with max density of 1200kg/m^3 ). Lauri et al. report costs 3x higher per m^3 for steel tanks, which are consistent with other sources. The numbers reported are in rather difficult to pinpoint as systems can greatly vary.",2013.0 -CO2 storage tank,lifetime,25.0,years,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, pg. 2746 .","Assuming a 3000m^3 pressurised steel cylinder tanks and a CO2 density of 1100 kg/m^3 (close to triple point at -56.6°C and 5.2 bar with max density of 1200kg/m^3 ). Lauri et al. report costs 3x higher per m^3 for steel tanks, which are consistent with other sources. The numbers reported are in rather difficult to pinpoint as systems can greatly vary.",2013.0 -CO2 submarine pipeline,FOM,0.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",,2015.0 -CO2 submarine pipeline,investment,4232.8865,EUR/(tCO2/h)/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",Assuming the 120-500 t CO2/h range that is based on cost of a 12 inch offshore pipeline.,2015.0 -Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,FOM,1.6,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,investment,629102.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,FOM,2.2,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,investment,2243051.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,FOM,2.2,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,investment,2243051.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,FOM,1.8,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,investment,1283.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,FOM,0.9265,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.64 (p.86) Figure 4.14","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,efficiency,0.7211,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.52^0.5']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,investment,946180.9426,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Turbine Compressor BOP EPC Management']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-store,FOM,0.43,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB 4.5.2.1 Fixed O&M p.62 (p.84)","{'carrier': ['pair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-store,investment,5448.7894,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.64 (p.86)","{'carrier': ['pair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Cavern Storage']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['pair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,investment,188018.4103,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,efficiency,0.4343,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,investment,752073.6414,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Concrete-store,FOM,0.3231,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['concrete'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Concrete-store,investment,29432.5788,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['concrete'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -Concrete-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['concrete'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -"Container feeder, ammonia",efficiency,0.7754,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container feeder, ammonia",investment,41959454.4301,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container feeder, ammonia",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container feeder, diesel",efficiency,0.7718,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, diesel",2023.0 -"Container feeder, diesel",investment,34966212.0251,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, diesel",2023.0 -"Container feeder, diesel",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, diesel",2023.0 -"Container feeder, methanol",efficiency,0.7711,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, methanol",2023.0 -"Container feeder, methanol",investment,38462833.2276,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, methanol",2023.0 -"Container feeder, methanol",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, methanol",2023.0 -"Container, ammonia",efficiency,1.7094,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container, ammonia",investment,143583536.7421,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container, ammonia",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container, diesel",efficiency,1.6399,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, diesel",2023.0 -"Container, diesel",investment,119652947.2851,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, diesel",2023.0 -"Container, diesel",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, diesel",2023.0 -"Container, methanol",efficiency,1.7001,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, methanol",2023.0 -"Container, methanol",investment,131618242.0136,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, methanol",2023.0 -"Container, methanol",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, methanol",2023.0 -Diesel Bus city,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,Motor size,250.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,efficiency,2.4356,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,investment,150756.2732,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,Motor size,350.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,efficiency,2.5466,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,investment,231296.0768,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,FOM,0.0005,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,Motor size,380.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,efficiency,3.5523,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,investment,142012.114,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,lifetime,10.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,Motor size,220.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,efficiency,2.4961,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,investment,155444.0931,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,Motor size,382.3529,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,efficiency,3.625,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,investment,177515.1425,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,FOM,0.0001,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,Motor size,364.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,VOM,0.0979,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,efficiency,1.7805,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,investment,382675.3098,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Coach,FOM,0.0001,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,Motor size,364.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,efficiency,1.7747,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,investment,889942.5809,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,Motor size,475.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,efficiency,2.7537,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,investment,348679.5032,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,lifetime,10.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,Motor size,350.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,efficiency,1.8629,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,investment,293681.0517,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,Motor size,350.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,efficiency,3.0727,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,investment,315752.1011,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FT fuel transport ship,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -FT fuel transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_FTfuel,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -FT fuel transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -FT fuel transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.1.",,2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,VOM,5.636,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",102 Hydrogen to Jet: Variable O&M,2020.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -Fischer-Tropsch,carbondioxide-input,0.36,t_CO2/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","Input per 1t FT liquid fuels output, carbon efficiency increases with years (4.3, 3.9, 3.6, 3.3 t_CO2/t_FT from 2020-2050 with LHV 11.95 MWh_th/t_FT).", -Fischer-Tropsch,efficiency,0.799,per unit,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.2.",,2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,electricity-input,0.008,MWh_el/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","0.005 MWh_el input per FT output, output increasing from 2020 to 2050 (0.65, 0.7, 0.73, 0.75 MWh liquid FT output).", -Fischer-Tropsch,hydrogen-input,1.531,MWh_H2/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","0.995 MWh_H2 per output, output increasing from 2020 to 2050 (0.65, 0.7, 0.73, 0.75 MWh liquid FT output).", -Fischer-Tropsch,investment,819108.478,EUR/MW_FT,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 8: “Reference scenario”.","Well developed technology, no significant learning expected.",2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (04/2022), Data sheet “Methanol to Power”.",,2017.0 -Gasnetz,FOM,2.5,%,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz,2020.0 -Gasnetz,investment,28.0,EUR/kWGas,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz,2020.0 -Gasnetz,lifetime,30.0,years,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz,2020.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),FOM,6.25,%/year,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , figure 7 and pg. 12 .",Assuming ca. 10 EUR/m^3/a (center value between stand alone and addon facility).,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),investment,137.8999,EUR/m^3,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 8F .",Assumed 20% lower than for product storage. Crude or middle distillate tanks are usually larger compared to product storage due to lower requirements on safety and different construction method. Reference size used here: 80 000 – 120 000 m^3 .,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),lifetime,30.0,years,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 11.",,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),FOM,6.25,%/year,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , figure 7 and pg. 12 .",Assuming ca. 10 EUR/m^3/a (center value between stand alone and addon facility).,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),investment,172.3748,EUR/m^3,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 8F .",Assumed at the higher end for addon facilities/mid-range for stand-alone facilities. Product storage usually smaller due to higher requirements on safety and different construction method. Reference size used here: 40 000 - 60 000 m^3 .,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),lifetime,30.0,years,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 11.",,2012.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.76 (p.98) Sentence 1 in 4.7.2 Operating Costs","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['1.5 percent of capital cost']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,efficiency,0.9274,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.36","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.86^0.5']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,investment,415570.5177,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 0% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,lifetime,41.7,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.36","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-store,investment,187325.7928,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 15% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['gravity'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Gravitational Capital (SB+BOS)']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-store,lifetime,41.7,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.36","{'carrier': ['gravity'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.76 (p.98) Sentence 1 in 4.7.2 Operating Costs","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['1.5 percent of capital cost']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,efficiency,0.9014,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level ((0.785+0.84)/2)^0.5']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,investment,365630.713,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 0% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-store,investment,144713.4654,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 15% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['gravitywa'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Gravitational Capital (SB+BOS)']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['gravitywa'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.76 (p.98) Sentence 1 in 4.7.2 Operating Costs","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['1.5 percent of capital cost']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,efficiency,0.9014,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level ((0.785+0.84)/2)^0.5']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,investment,905158.9602,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 0% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-store,investment,113887.5264,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 15% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['gravitywu'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Gravitational Capital (SB+BOS)']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['gravitywu'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -H2 (g) fill compressor station,FOM,1.7,%/year,"Guidehouse 2020: European Hydrogen Backbone report, https://guidehouse.com/-/media/www/site/downloads/energy/2020/gh_european-hydrogen-backbone_report.pdf (table 3, table 5)","Pessimistic (highest) value chosen for 48'' pipeline w/ 13GW_H2 LHV @ 100bar pressure. Currency year: Not clearly specified, assuming year of publication. Forecast year: Not clearly specified, guessing based on text remarks.",2020.0 -H2 (g) fill compressor station,investment,4738.7164,EUR/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), pg. 164, Figure 14 (Fill compressor).","Assumption for staging 35→140bar, 6000 MW_HHV single line pipeline. Considering HHV/LHV ration for H2.",2015.0 -H2 (g) fill compressor station,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), pg. 168, Figure 24 (Fill compressor).",,2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, > 6000 MW_HHV single line pipeline, incl. booster station investments. Considering LHV by scaling with LHV/HHV=0.8462623413.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,electricity-input,0.021,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,investment,303.6845,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 4.4 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, > 6000 MW_HHV single line pipeline, incl. booster station investments. Considering LHV by scaling with LHV/HHV=0.8462623413.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.",Same as for new H2 (g) pipeline.,2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,electricity-input,0.021,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,investment,129.4682,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line repurposed pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 0.8 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.",Same as for new H2 (g) pipeline.,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,FOM,3.0,%/year,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,electricity-input,0.021,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,investment,456.1165,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line offshore pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 7.48 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,lifetime,30.0,years,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,FOM,3.0,%/year,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,electricity-input,0.021,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,investment,160.1562,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line repurposed offshore pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 1.5 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,lifetime,30.0,years,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (l) storage tank,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.",Assuming currency year and technology year here (25 EUR/kg).,2015.0 -H2 (l) storage tank,investment,793.7456,EUR/MWh_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.","Assuming currency year and technology year here (25 EUR/kg). Future target cost. Today’s cost potentially higher according to d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material pg. 16.",2015.0 -H2 (l) storage tank,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.",Assuming currency year and technology year here (25 EUR/kg).,2015.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,capacity,11000.0,t_H2,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,investment,393737000.0,EUR,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,lifetime,20.0,years,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 evaporation,FOM,2.5,%/year,"DNV GL (2020): Study on the Import of Liquid Renewable Energy: Technology Cost Assessment, https://www.gie.eu/wp-content/uploads/filr/2598/DNV-GL_Study-GLE-Technologies-and-costs-analysis-on-imports-of-liquid-renewable-energy.pdf .",,2020.0 -H2 evaporation,investment,146.8405,EUR/kW_H2,"IRENA (2022): Global Hydrogen Trade to Meet the 1.5° Climate Goal: Technology Review of Hydrogen Carriers, https://www.irena.org/publications/2022/Apr/Global-hydrogen-trade-Part-II , pg. 62f.","Pessimistic assumption for large scale facility / near-term estimate for medium sized facility, in between low / mid estimate with e.g. DNV numbers (Fig. 3.15).; and Optimistic assumption for large scale facility 2500 t/d, cf Fig. 3.15 .",2022.0 -H2 evaporation,lifetime,20.0,years,Guesstimate.,Based on lifetime of liquefaction plant.,2015.0 -H2 liquefaction,FOM,2.5,%/year,"DNV GL (2020): Study on the Import of Liquid Renewable Energy: Technology Cost Assessment, https://www.gie.eu/wp-content/uploads/filr/2598/DNV-GL_Study-GLE-Technologies-and-costs-analysis-on-imports-of-liquid-renewable-energy.pdf .",,2020.0 -H2 liquefaction,electricity-input,0.203,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"Heuser et al. (2019): Techno-economic analysis of a potential energy trading link between Patagonia and Japan based on CO2 free hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.12.156), table 1.","6.78 kWh/kg_H2, considering H2 with LHV of 33.3333 MWh/t", -H2 liquefaction,hydrogen-input,1.017,MWh_H2/MWh_H2,"Heuser et al. (2019): Techno-economic analysis of a potential energy trading link between Patagonia and Japan based on CO2 free hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.12.156), table 1.",corresponding to 1.65% losses during liquefaction, -H2 liquefaction,investment,889.9426,EUR/kW_H2,"IRENA (2022): Global Hydrogen Trade to Meet the 1.5° Climate Goal: Technology Review of Hydrogen Carriers, https://www.irena.org/publications/2022/Apr/Global-hydrogen-trade-Part-II , pg. 62f.","Assumption for a 200t/d facility (Pessimistic long-term or optimistic short-term value).; and Assumption for a large >300t/d, e.g. 2500 t/d facility (Optimistic long-term value without change in base technology mentioned in report).",2022.0 -H2 liquefaction,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2022.0 -H2 pipeline,FOM,3.0,%/year,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -H2 pipeline,investment,282.5452,EUR/MW/km,Welder et al https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.05.059, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -H2 pipeline,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,FOM,5.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,VOM,0.5118,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,electricity-input,0.097,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification,investment,1467.9399,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification,wood-input,1.804,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification CC,FOM,5.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification CC,VOM,0.5232,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification CC,electricity-input,0.143,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification CC,investment,1489.0957,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification CC,wood-input,1.804,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification,FOM,5.9,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification,VOM,0.6677,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification,coal-input,1.77,MWh_coal/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification,electricity-input,0.07,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification,investment,526.0516,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification CC,FOM,7.9,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification CC,VOM,0.2275,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification CC,coal-input,1.77,MWh_coal/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification CC,electricity-input,0.111,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification CC,investment,591.9076,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,FOM,5.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,VOM,0.1592,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,electricity-input,0.063,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,investment,491.1331,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,lifetime,25.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,oil-input,1.3,MWh_oil/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,FOM,4.9,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,VOM,0.3298,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,electricity-input,0.02,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,gas-input,1.32,MWh_NG/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,investment,228.8467,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,FOM,5.2,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,VOM,0.6028,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,electricity-input,0.05,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,gas-input,1.52,MWh_NG/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,investment,310.2851,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,FOM,4.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,VOM,0.7393,EUR/MWh,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,electricity-input,0.044,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,investment,590.6564,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,wood-input,1.36,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -HVAC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVAC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVAC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,investment,165803.0398,EUR/MW,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC submarine,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0 -HVDC submarine,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1,2017.0 -HVDC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0 -HVDC underground,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 -HVDC underground,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1 (same as for HVDC submarine),2017.0 -HVDC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 -Haber-Bosch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,VOM,0.0225,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Variable O&M,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,electricity-input,0.2473,MWh_el/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), table 11.",Assume 5 GJ/t_NH3 for compressors and NH3 LHV = 5.16666 MWh/t_NH3., -Haber-Bosch,hydrogen-input,1.1484,MWh_H2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.","178 kg_H2 per t_NH3, LHV for both assumed.", -Haber-Bosch,investment,1785.0713,EUR/kW_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,nitrogen-input,0.1597,t_N2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.",".33 MWh electricity are required for ASU per t_NH3, considering 0.4 MWh are required per t_N2 and LHV of NH3 of 5.1666 Mwh.", -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,investment,187899.5061,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,efficiency,0.4444,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,investment,751598.0242,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['salthight'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-store,investment,112560.0095,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['salthight'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['salthight'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),FOM,1.1,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),efficiency,0.48,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),investment,55000.0,EUR/PKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),FOM,10.1,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),efficiency,0.56,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),investment,151574.0,EUR/LKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,FOM,0.46,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,efficiency,0.6963,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133) include inverter 0.98 & transformer efficiency 0.98 ","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Electrolyzer']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,investment,1304350.411,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.113 (p.135)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Electrolyzer']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,lifetime,30.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,FOM,0.4801,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,efficiency,0.4869,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133) include inverter 0.98 & transformer efficiency 0.98 ","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Fuel Cell']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,investment,1265835.3275,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.113 (p.135)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Fuel Cell']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,lifetime,30.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-store,FOM,0.43,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB =(C38+C39)*0.43/4","{'carrier': ['h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-store,investment,4779.9527,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.113 (p.135)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Cavern Storage']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-store,lifetime,30.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LNG storage tank,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank with comparable requirements.",Currency year and technology year assumed based on publication date.,2019.0 -LNG storage tank,investment,666.634,EUR/m^3,"Hurskainen 2019, https://cris.vtt.fi/en/publications/liquid-organic-hydrogen-carriers-lohc-concept-evaluation-and-tech pg. 46 (59).",Currency year and technology year assumed based on publication date.,2019.0 -LNG storage tank,lifetime,20.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank with comparable requirements.",Currency year and technology year assumed based on publication date.,2019.0 -LOHC chemical,investment,2500.0,EUR/t,"Runge et al 2020, pg.7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC chemical,lifetime,20.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, pg.7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation,investment,53681.4988,EUR/MW_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",per MW H2 (LHV). For a large plant of 1000 MW capacity. Calculated based on base CAPEX of 30 MEUR for 300 t/day capacity and a scale factor of 0.6.,2015.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),FOM,3.0,%/year,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),investment,839000.0,EUR/MW_H2,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",MW of H2 LHV. For a small plant of 0.9 MW capacity.,2020.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),lifetime,20.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,electricity-input,0.004,MWh_el/t_HLOHC,Niermann et al. (2019): (https://doi.org/10.1039/C8EE02700E). 6A .,"Flow in figures shows 0.2 MW for 114 MW_HHV = 96.4326 MW_LHV = 2.89298 t hydrogen. At 5.6 wt-% effective H2 storage for loaded LOHC (H18-DBT, HLOHC), corresponds to 51.6604 t loaded LOHC .", -LOHC hydrogenation,hydrogen-input,1.867,MWh_H2/t_HLOHC,"Runge et al 2020, pg. 7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",Considering 5.6 wt-% H2 in loaded LOHC (HLOHC) and LHV of H2., -LOHC hydrogenation,investment,54243.958,EUR/MW_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",per MW H2 (LHV). For a large plant of 2000 MW capacity. Calculated based on base CAPEX of 40 MEUR for 300 t/day capacity and a scale factor of 0.6.,2015.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,lohc-input,0.944,t_LOHC/t_HLOHC,"Runge et al 2020, pg. 7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514","Loaded LOHC (H18-DBT, HLOHC) has loaded only 5.6%-wt H2 as rate of discharge is kept at ca. 90%.", -LOHC loaded DBT storage,FOM,6.25,%/year,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -LOHC loaded DBT storage,investment,151.5383,EUR/t,"Density via Wissenschaftliche Dienste des Deutschen Bundestages 2020, https://www.bundestag.de/resource/blob/816048/454e182d5956d45a664da9eb85486f76/WD-8-058-20-pdf-data.pdf , pg. 11.","Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared. Density of loaded LOHC H18-DBT is 0.91 t/m^3.",2012.0 -LOHC loaded DBT storage,lifetime,30.0,years,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -LOHC transport ship,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_LOHC,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC unloaded DBT storage,FOM,6.25,%/year,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -LOHC unloaded DBT storage,investment,134.2745,EUR/t,"Density via Wissenschaftliche Dienste des Deutschen Bundestages 2020, https://www.bundestag.de/resource/blob/816048/454e182d5956d45a664da9eb85486f76/WD-8-058-20-pdf-data.pdf , pg. 11.","Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared. Density of loaded LOHC H18-DBT is 0.91 t/m^3, density of unloaded LOHC H0-DBT is 1.04 t/m^3 but unloading is only to 90% (depth-of-discharge), assume density via linearisation of 1.027 t/m^3.",2012.0 -LOHC unloaded DBT storage,lifetime,30.0,years,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,FOM,2.4064,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,efficiency,0.8832,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.78^0.5']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,investment,149731.2267,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-store,FOM,0.2386,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['lead'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-store,investment,365289.854,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['lead'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-store,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['lead'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),FOM,1.6,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),efficiency,0.215,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),investment,23561.0,EUR/PKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),FOM,18.0,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),efficiency,0.373,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),investment,99772.0,EUR/LKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,FOM,0.366,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,investment,503663.7386,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Figure 9 of reference roughly 80% of capital cost are power related 47%/80% of costs are required for liquefaction (charging)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,FOM,0.5212,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,efficiency,0.55,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE 0.545 assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,investment,353636.242,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, NULL","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-store,FOM,0.328,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['lair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-store,investment,186749.107,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['lair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Liquid Air SB and BOS']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['lair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,FOM,2.0701,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,efficiency,0.9193,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.8452^0.5']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,investment,95584.1917,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,lifetime,16.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-store,FOM,0.0447,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['lfp'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-store,investment,325690.7596,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['lfp'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-store,lifetime,16.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['lfp'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,FOM,2.0701,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,efficiency,0.9193,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.8452^0.5']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,investment,95584.1917,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,lifetime,13.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-store,FOM,0.0379,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['nmc'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-store,investment,372111.988,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['nmc'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-store,lifetime,13.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['nmc'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,investment,149374.5139,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,efficiency,0.5394,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,investment,597498.0554,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-store,investment,69421.8279,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_MeOH,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",,2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,investment,18016.8665,EUR/MW_H2,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.","For high temperature steam reforming plant with a capacity of 200 MW_H2 output (6t/h). Reference plant of 1 MW (30kg_H2/h) costs 150kEUR, scale factor of 0.6 assumed.",2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",,2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,methanol-input,1.201,MWh_MeOH/MWh_H2,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",Assuming per 1 t_H2 (with LHV 33.3333 MWh/t): 4.5 MWh_th and 3.2 MWh_el are required. We assume electricity can be substituted / provided with 1:1 as heat energy., -NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank.",,2010.0 -NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,investment,166.8201,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Calculated based on Morgan E. 2013: doi:10.7275/11KT-3F59 , Fig. 55, Fig 58.","Based on estimated for a double-wall liquid ammonia tank (~ambient pressure, -33°C), inner tank from stainless steel, outer tank from concrete including installations for liquefaction/condensation, boil-off gas recovery and safety installations; the necessary installations make only a small fraction of the total cost. The total cost are driven by material and working time on the tanks. -While the costs do not scale strictly linearly, we here assume they do (good approximation c.f. ref. Fig 55.) and take the costs for a 9 kt NH3 (l) tank = 8 M$2010, which is smaller 4-5x smaller than the largest deployed tanks today. -We assume an exchange rate of 1.17$ to 1 €. -The investment value is given per MWh NH3 store capacity, using the LHV of NH3 of 5.18 MWh/t.",2010.0 -NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,lifetime,20.0,years,"Morgan E. 2013: doi:10.7275/11KT-3F59 , pg. 290",,2010.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B",,2019.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,capacity,53000.0,t_NH3,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B",,2019.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,investment,81164200.0,EUR,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B",,2019.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,lifetime,20.0,years,"Guess estimated based on H2 (l) tanker, but more mature technology",,2019.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,FOM,2.0701,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['((0.75-0.87)/2)^0.5 mean value of range efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,investment,95584.1917,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) same as Li-LFP","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-store,FOM,0.2238,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-store,investment,344828.4062,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-store,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -OCGT,FOM,1.7772,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -OCGT,VOM,4.762,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Variable O&M,2015.0 -OCGT,efficiency,0.4,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","52 OCGT - Natural gas: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -OCGT,investment,480.3903,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 -OCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -PEM electrolyzer small size,FOM,3.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW,2010.0 -PEM electrolyzer small size,electricity-input,1.43,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW, -PEM electrolyzer small size,investment,1364.8906,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW,2010.0 -PEM electrolyzer small size,lifetime,6.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`","Likely stack lifetime, rather than electrolyzer system lifetime", -PHS,FOM,1.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -PHS,efficiency,0.75,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -PHS,investment,2274.8177,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 -PHS,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,FOM,0.366,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Charger']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,investment,807189.2511,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Figure 9 of reference roughly 80% of capital cost are power related 47%/80% of costs are required for liquefaction (charging)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,lifetime,33.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,FOM,0.5212,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,efficiency,0.63,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE 0.62 assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,investment,566749.8997,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, NULL","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,lifetime,33.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-store,FOM,0.0615,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.103 (p.125)","{'carrier': ['phes'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-store,investment,31293.8274,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.92 (p.114)","{'carrier': ['phes'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Molten Salt based SB and BOS']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-store,lifetime,33.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['phes'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,FOM,0.9951,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, Figure 4.16","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,efficiency,0.8944,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.8^0.5']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,investment,1397128.4612,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Powerhouse Construction & Infrastructure']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-store,FOM,0.43,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['phs'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-store,investment,57074.0625,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['phs'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Reservoir Construction & Infrastructure']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['phs'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -SMR,FOM,5.0,%/year,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR,efficiency,0.76,per unit (in LHV),"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SMR,investment,522201.0492,EUR/MW_CH4,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR,lifetime,30.0,years,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SMR CC,FOM,5.0,%/year,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR CC,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",wide range: capture rates between 54%-90%, -SMR CC,efficiency,0.69,per unit (in LHV),"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SMR CC,investment,605753.2171,EUR/MW_CH4,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR CC,lifetime,30.0,years,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SOEC,FOM,4.0,%/year,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,US-based assumptions for a Conservative cost scenario,2022.0 -SOEC,electricity-input,1.22,MWh_el/MWh_H2,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,, -SOEC,investment,2359.2378,USD/kW,"ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions, https://theicct.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/fuels-eu-cost-renew-H-produced-onsite-H-refueling-stations-europe-feb22.pdf adjusted according to DOE observations https://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/docs/hydrogenprogramlibraries/pdfs/24005-clean-hydrogen-production-cost-pem-electrolyzer.pdf?sfvrsn=8cb10889_1#:~:text=This%20Record%20shows%20that%20the,factors%20of%2050%2D75%25",US-based assumptions for a Conservative cost scenario,2022.0 -SOEC,lifetime,30.0,years,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,, -Sand-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Sand-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Sand-charger,investment,152624.5646,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Sand-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,efficiency,0.53,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,investment,610498.2585,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Sand-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['sand'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Sand-store,investment,8014.7441,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.100 (p.122)","{'carrier': ['sand'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -Sand-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['sand'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Steam methane reforming,FOM,3.0,%/year,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW).,2015.0 -Steam methane reforming,investment,497454.611,EUR/MW_H2,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW). Currency conversion 1.17 USD = 1 EUR.,2015.0 -Steam methane reforming,lifetime,30.0,years,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW).,2015.0 -Steam methane reforming,methane-input,1.483,MWh_CH4/MWh_H2,"Keipi et al (2018): Economic analysis of hydrogen production by methane thermal decomposition (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2017.12.063), table 2.","Large scale SMR plant producing 2.5 kg/s H2 output (assuming 33.3333 MWh/t H2 LHV), with 6.9 kg/s CH4 input (feedstock) and 2 kg/s CH4 input (energy). Neglecting water consumption.", -"Tank&bulk, diesel",efficiency,0.462,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, diesel",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, diesel",investment,35129312.4041,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, diesel",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, diesel",lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, diesel",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, methanol",efficiency,0.4695,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, methanol",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, methanol",investment,38642243.6445,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, methanol",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, methanol",lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, methanol",2023.0 -"Tankbulk, ammonia",efficiency,0.471,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tankbulk, ammonia",2023.0 -"Tankbulk, ammonia",investment,42155174.885,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tankbulk, ammonia",2023.0 -"Tankbulk, ammonia",lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tankbulk, ammonia",2023.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,FOM,2.4028,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,efficiency,0.8062,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.65^0.5']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,investment,149950.2088,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-store,FOM,0.2335,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['vanadium'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-store,investment,317614.1853,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['vanadium'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-store,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['vanadium'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,FOM,2.4395,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,efficiency,0.7937,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.25 ","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['(0.63)^0.5 efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,investment,129023.0526,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,lifetime,25.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-store,FOM,0.1893,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-store,investment,194899.0057,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.48 (p.70) text below Table 4.12","{'carrier': ['znair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-store,lifetime,25.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['znair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,FOM,2.475,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,efficiency,0.8307,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.25 ","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['(0.69)^0.5 efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,investment,134297.449,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,lifetime,10.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.27","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-store,FOM,0.2849,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znbrflow'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-store,investment,476623.9107,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['znbrflow'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-store,lifetime,10.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.27","{'carrier': ['znbrflow'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,FOM,2.4395,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,efficiency,0.8888,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.25","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': [' (0.79)^0.5 efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,investment,129023.0526,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,FOM,0.2481,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,investment,276873.6097,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -air separation unit,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -air separation unit,electricity-input,0.25,MWh_el/t_N2,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), p.288.","For consistency reasons use value from Danish Energy Agency. DEA also reports range of values (0.2-0.4 MWh/t_N2) on pg. 288. Other efficienices reported are even higher, e.g. 0.11 Mwh/t_N2 from Morgan (2013): Techno-Economic Feasibility Study of Ammonia Plants Powered by Offshore Wind .", -air separation unit,investment,1003392.2397,EUR/t_N2/h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 -air separation unit,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -allam,VOM,2.0,EUR/MWh,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -allam,efficiency,0.6,p.u.,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -allam,investment,1500.0,EUR/kW,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -allam,lifetime,30.0,years,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,FOM,5.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.99,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",CO2 volume captured / (Stream flowrate * Max. capacity utilization * CO2 in exhaust * 8760),2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.1,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,investment,929753.03,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 41 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 389000 t/year",2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -battery inverter,FOM,0.2,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -battery inverter,efficiency,0.95,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2020.0 -battery inverter,investment,287.118,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2020.0 -battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -battery storage,investment,246.7088,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2020.0 -battery storage,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,FOM,100.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,VOM,480.1251,EUR/MWh_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-biochar,1.0,MWh_biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency biochar",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-heat,3.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency heat",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,investment,480125.1,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.144,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0 -biodiesel crops,fuel,96.2077,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIORPS1 (rape seed), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -bioethanol crops,CO2 intensity,0.1289,tCO2/MWh_th,,"CO2 released during fermentation of bioethanol crops, based on stochiometric composition: C6H12O6 -> 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2 , i.e. 1 kg ethanol → ~0.956 kg CO₂ (from fermentation) → 0.1289 tCO₂/MWh (with LHV = 26.7 MJ/kg).", -bioethanol crops,fuel,62.1519,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOCRP11 (Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -biogas,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 -biogas,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biogas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, -biogas,fuel,62.4351,EUR/MWhth,JRC and Zappa, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biogas,investment,1032.4577,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 -biogas,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biogas CC,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas CC,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 -biogas CC,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biogas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, -biogas CC,investment,1032.4577,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 -biogas CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biogas manure,fuel,19.7575,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOGAS1 (manure), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,VOM,4.5939,EUR/MWh_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Variable O&M,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,investment,964.7165,EUR/kW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Specific investment,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -biogas upgrading,FOM,17.0397,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Fixed O&M ",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,VOM,4.1613,EUR/MWh output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Variable O&M",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,investment,192.9697,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: investment (upgrading, methane redution and grid injection)",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biomass,FOM,4.5269,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,efficiency,0.468,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,fuel,7.4076,EUR/MWhth,IEA2011b, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,investment,2337.6116,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,lifetime,30.0,years,ECF2010 in DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass CHP,FOM,3.6081,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass CHP,VOM,2.2291,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -biomass CHP,c_b,0.4544,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -biomass CHP,efficiency,0.2994,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7093,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass CHP,investment,3578.1349,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-electricity-input,0.1,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-heat-output,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,electricity-input,0.03,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-input,0.833,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-output,0.833,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,investment,3300000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass EOP,FOM,3.6081,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass EOP,VOM,2.2291,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -biomass EOP,c_b,0.4544,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -biomass EOP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -biomass EOP,efficiency,0.2994,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass EOP,efficiency-heat,0.7093,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass EOP,investment,3578.1349,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -biomass EOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass HOP,FOM,5.8029,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Fixed O&M, heat output",2015.0 -biomass HOP,VOM,2.2361,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Variable O&M heat output,2015.0 -biomass HOP,efficiency,1.0323,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass HOP,investment,926.3933,EUR/kW_th - heat output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Nominal investment ,2015.0 -biomass HOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -biomass boiler,FOM,7.3854,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass boiler,efficiency,0.82,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -biomass boiler,investment,722.4205,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Specific investment",2015.0 -biomass boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass boiler,pelletizing cost,9.0,EUR/MWh_pellets,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.109506,,2019.0 -biomass-to-methanol,C in fuel,0.3926,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,C stored,0.6074,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,CO2 stored,0.2227,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,FOM,1.1111,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,VOM,21.6979,EUR/MWh_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Variable O&M,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency,0.58,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Methanol Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-electricity,0.02,MWh_e/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Electricity Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-heat,0.22,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: District heat Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,investment,5591.3924,EUR/kW_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Specific investment,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,FOM,14.18,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",123.67 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘BF-BOF’.,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,coal-input,1.43,MWh_coal/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15). ","Based on process ‘Avg BF-BOF` using 195 kg_PCI/t_HM (PCI = Pulverized Coal Injected; HM = Hot Metal) as substitute for coke, 24 MJ/kg as LHV for coal and 1 : 1.1 as HM-to-steel ratio.",2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15).",,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,investment,7637406.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",871.85 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘Avg BF-BOF’.,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15).",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,ore-input,1.539,t_ore/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",Based on process ‘Avg BF-BOF`,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,scrap-input,0.051,t_scrap/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",Based on process ‘Avg BF-BOF`,2020.0 -cement capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,compression-electricity-input,0.1,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,compression-heat-output,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,electricity-input,0.025,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,heat-input,0.833,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,heat-output,1.65,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,investment,3000000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,FOM,7.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",CO2 volume captured / (Stream flowrate * Max. capacity utilization * CO2 in exhaust * 8760),2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,investment,2587727.173,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 247 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 842000 t/year",2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement dry clinker,FOM,4.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,VOM,5.2911,EUR/t_clinker,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,electricity-input,0.0694,MWh_el/t_clinker,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original values 0.25 PJ per Mt clinker,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,gas-input,0.0002,MWh_NG/t_clinker,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original values 0.0058 PJ per Mt clinker,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,heat-input,0.9444,MWh_th/t_CO2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original values 3.4 PJ per Mt clinker,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,investment,1158752.6816,EUR/t_clinker/h,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original value 125 EUR/t/year,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,lifetime,30.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement finishing,FOM,30.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement finishing,VOM,3.1747,EUR/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement finishing,clinker-input,0.656,t_cl/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND_Trans.xlsx`, Sheet `IND_Trans` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer),2015.0 -cement finishing,electricity-input,0.1736,MWh_el/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND_Trans.xlsx`, Sheet `IND_Trans` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer) with original value 0.6251 PJ per Mt cement.,2015.0 -cement finishing,investment,92700.2145,EUR/t_cement/h,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original value 10 EUR/t/year,2015.0 -cement finishing,lifetime,25.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer),2015.0 -cement finishing,slag-input,0.194,t_slag/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND_Trans.xlsx`, Sheet `IND_Trans` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer),2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.2102,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.3175,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.1,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Total efficiency, net, name plate",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,investment,1006.7765,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central coal CHP,FOM,1.6316,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central coal CHP,VOM,3.0688,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central coal CHP,c_b,0.84,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -central coal CHP,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cv coefficient,2015.0 -central coal CHP,efficiency,0.485,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","01 Coal CHP: Electricity efficiency, condensation mode, net",2015.0 -central coal CHP,investment,2010.6211,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central coal CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.3003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.7884,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,efficiency,5.1,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,investment,704.7435,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas CHP,FOM,3.3051,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP,VOM,4.6562,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP,c_b,0.96,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central gas CHP,c_v,0.17,per unit,DEA (loss of fuel for additional heat), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central gas CHP,efficiency,0.4,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central gas CHP,investment,624.3508,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central gas CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,FOM,3.3051,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,VOM,4.6562,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,c_b,0.96,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,efficiency,0.4,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,investment,624.3508,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas boiler,FOM,3.25,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central gas boiler,VOM,1.164,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central gas boiler,efficiency,1.03,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","44 Natural Gas DH Only: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central gas boiler,investment,63.4933,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central gas boiler,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,FOM,0.8406,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,VOM,4.8547,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,investment,3008.7285,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.3546,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.0392,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,1.71,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,investment,596.837,EUR/kW_th excluding drive energy,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,investment,1375.6881,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central resistive heater,FOM,1.5286,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central resistive heater,VOM,0.9524,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central resistive heater,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","41 Electric Boilers: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central resistive heater,investment,74.0755,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Nominal investment; 10/15 kV; >10 MW,2015.0 -central resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central solar thermal,FOM,1.4,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solar thermal,investment,148151.0278,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,FOM,2.8857,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,VOM,4.8694,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,c_b,0.3489,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency,0.2689,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.8255,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,investment,3740.4387,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,FOM,2.8857,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,VOM,4.8694,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_b,0.3489,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency,0.2689,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.8255,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,investment,5767.0987,EUR/kW_e,Combination of central solid biomass CHP CC and solid biomass boiler steam,,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,FOM,2.8857,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,VOM,4.8694,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_b,0.3489,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency,0.2689,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency-heat,0.8255,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,investment,3740.4387,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central water pit charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2020.0 -central water pit discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2020.0 -central water pit storage,Bottom storage temperature,35.0,⁰C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Typical bottom storage temperature,2020.0 -central water pit storage,FOM,0.2354,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -central water pit storage,Top storage temperature,90.0,⁰C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Typical max. storage temperature,2020.0 -central water pit storage,energy to power ratio,150.0,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2020.0 -central water pit storage,investment,1.0622,EUR/kWh Capacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Specific investment,2020.0 -central water pit storage,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -central water pit storage,standing losses,0.0078,%/hour,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Energy losses during storage,2020.0 -central water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2020.0 -central water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2020.0 -central water tank storage,FOM,1.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central water tank storage,energy to power ratio,60.3448,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2020.0 -central water tank storage,investment,3.0361,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Specific investment,2020.0 -central water tank storage,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -central water tank storage,standing losses,0.0077,%/hour,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Energy losses during storage,2020.0 -central water tank storage,temperature difference,55.0,"hot/cold, K","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Typical temperature difference,2020.0 -clean water tank storage,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0 -clean water tank storage,investment,69.1286,EUR/m^3-H2O,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0 -clean water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",, -coal,CO2 intensity,0.3361,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid-Emissionen des deutschen Strommix in den Jahren 1990 - 2018,, -coal,FOM,1.31,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100.",2023.0 -coal,VOM,3.2612,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3+5.5)USD/MWh_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR).",2023.0 -coal,efficiency,0.356,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. 1 / ((8.75+12) MMbtu/MWh_th /2 / (3.4095 MMbtu/MWh_th)), rounded up.",2023.0 -coal,fuel,9.5542,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on IEA 2011 data, 99 USD/t.",2010.0 -coal,investment,3827.1629,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Higher costs include coal plants with CCS, but since using here for calculating the average nevertheless. Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3200+6775) USD/kW_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR).",2023.0 -coal,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 -csp-tower,FOM,1.0,%/year,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power),Ratio between CAPEX and FOM from ATB database for “moderate” scenario.,2020.0 -csp-tower,investment,159.96,"EUR/kW_th,dp",ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include solar field and solar tower as well as EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant). Total costs (223,708,924 USD) are divided by active area (heliostat reflective area, 1,269,054 m2) and multiplied by design point DNI (0.95 kW/m2) to obtain EUR/kW_th. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR.",2020.0 -csp-tower,lifetime,30.0,years,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power),-,2020.0 -csp-tower TES,FOM,1.0,%/year,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -csp-tower TES,investment,21.43,EUR/kWh_th,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include the TES incl. EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant, 2.791 MW_th TES). Total costs (69390776.7 USD) are divided by TES size to obtain EUR/kW_th. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR.",2020.0 -csp-tower TES,lifetime,30.0,years,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -csp-tower power block,FOM,1.0,%/year,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -csp-tower power block,investment,1120.57,EUR/kW_e,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include the power cycle incl. BOP and EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant). Total costs (135185685.5 USD) are divided by power block nameplate capacity size to obtain EUR/kW_e. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR.",2020.0 -csp-tower power block,lifetime,30.0,years,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -decentral CHP,FOM,3.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral CHP,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral CHP,investment,1481.5103,EUR/kWel,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,FOM,2.9578,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.4,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.3 Air to water existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,994.7283,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,18.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,FOM,6.5595,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,efficiency,0.97,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","202 Natural gas boiler: Total efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,investment,330.2494,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler connection,investment,206.4059,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Possible additional specific investment,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler connection,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,1.8535,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.8,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.7 Ground source existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,1587.3324,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,FOM,2.0,%/year,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,investment,165.0975,EUR/kWth,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf) (+eigene Berechnung), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,FOM,2.0,%/year,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,investment,105.8222,EUR/kWhth,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,FOM,1.3,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,investment,285719.8393,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2020.0 -decentral water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,FOM,1.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,VOM,0.7168,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Variable O&M,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,energy to power ratio,0.15,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,investment,419.8622,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Specific investment,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,standing losses,2.1,%/hour,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Energy losses during storage,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,temperature difference,30.0,"hot/cold, K","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Typical temperature difference,2020.0 -digestible biomass,fuel,17.0611,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOAGRW1, ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0 -digestible biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -digestible biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -digestible biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.39,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, -digestible biomass to hydrogen,investment,4237.1194,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -direct air capture,FOM,4.95,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,compression-electricity-input,0.15,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,compression-heat-output,0.2,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,electricity-input,0.4,MWh_el/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","0.4 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 0.182 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019). Should already include electricity for water scrubbing and compression (high quality CO2 output).",2020.0 -direct air capture,heat-input,1.6,MWh_th/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","Thermal energy demand. Provided via air-sourced heat pumps. 1.6 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 1.102 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019).",2020.0 -direct air capture,heat-output,1.25,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,investment,7000000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct firing gas,FOM,1.2121,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas,VOM,0.2845,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing gas,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing gas,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,FOM,1.2121,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,VOM,0.2845,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,FOM,1.5455,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,VOM,0.3276,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,FOM,1.5455,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,VOM,0.3276,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Based on https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/capesize-freight-returns-below-operating-expense-levels-but-shipowners-reject-lay-ups/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","5000 USD/d OPEX, exchange rate: 1.15 USD = 1 EUR; absolute value calculate relative to investment cost.",2020.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,capacity,180000.0,t,-,"DWT; corresponds to size of Capesize bulk carriers which have previously docked at the habour in Hamburg, Germany. Short of 200 kt limit for VLBCs.",2020.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,investment,40000000.0,EUR,"Based on https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/dry-bulk-carriers-in-high-demand-as-rates-keep-rallying/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","See figure for ‘Dry Bulk Newbuild Prices’, Capesize at end of 2020. Exchange rate: 1.15 USD = 1 EUR.",2020.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,lifetime,25.0,years,"Based on https://mfame.guru/fall-life-expectancy-bulk-carriers/, accessed: 2022-12-03.",Expected lifetime.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,FOM,30.0,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","EAF has high OPEX of 62.99 EUR/year/t_steel, presumably because of electrode corrosion.",2020.0 -electric arc furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,electricity-input,0.6395,MWh_el/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘EAF’. ,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,hbi-input,1.0,t_hbi/t_steel,-,Assume HBI instead of scrap as input.Scrap would require higher input (in tonnes) as steel content is lower.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,investment,1839600.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",210 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘EAF’.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,FOM,30.0,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","EAF has high OPEX of 62.99 EUR/year/t_steel, presumably because of electrode corrosion.",2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,electricity-input,0.6395,MWh_el/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘EAF’. ,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,hbi-input,0.37,t_hbi/t_steel,"World Steel Association, Fact Sheet – Steel and raw materials: https://worldsteel.org/wp-content/uploads/Fact-sheet-raw-materials-2023-1.pdf, Accessed 2024-04-17.",Assume HBI instead of scrap as input.Scrap would require higher input (in tonnes) as steel content is lower.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,investment,1839600.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",210 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘EAF’.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,scrap-input,0.71,t_scrap/t_steel,"World Steel Association, Fact Sheet – Steel and raw materials: https://worldsteel.org/wp-content/uploads/Fact-sheet-raw-materials-2023-1.pdf, Accessed 2024-04-17.",,2020.0 -electric boiler steam,FOM,1.3375,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Fixed O&M,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,VOM,0.8711,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Variable O&M,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","310.1 Electric boiler steam : Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -electric boiler steam,investment,80.56,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Nominal investment,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Technical lifetime,2019.0 -electric steam cracker,FOM,3.0,%/year,Guesstimate,,2015.0 -electric steam cracker,VOM,190.4799,EUR/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",,2015.0 -electric steam cracker,carbondioxide-output,0.55,t_CO2/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), ",The report also references another source with 0.76 t_CO2/t_HVC, -electric steam cracker,electricity-input,2.7,MWh_el/t_HVC,"Lechtenböhmer et al. (2016): 10.1016/j.energy.2016.07.110, Section 4.3, page 6.",Assuming electrified processing., -electric steam cracker,investment,11124025.7434,EUR/(t_HVC/h),"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",Assuming CAPEX of 1200 €/t actually given in €/(t/a).,2015.0 -electric steam cracker,lifetime,30.0,years,Guesstimate,, -electric steam cracker,naphtha-input,14.8,MWh_naphtha/t_HVC,"Lechtenböhmer et al. (2016): 10.1016/j.energy.2016.07.110, Section 4.3, page 6.",, -electricity distribution grid,FOM,2.0,%/year,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity distribution grid,investment,529.1108,EUR/kW,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity distribution grid,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity grid connection,FOM,2.0,%/year,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity grid connection,investment,148.151,EUR/kW,DEA, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity grid connection,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electrobiofuels,C in fuel,0.9245,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,FOM,2.4,%/year,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2015.0 -electrobiofuels,VOM,5.153,EUR/MWh_th,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2017.0 -electrobiofuels,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -electrobiofuels,efficiency-biomass,1.3183,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,efficiency-hydrogen,1.1766,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,efficiency-tot,0.6217,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,investment,559887.2932,EUR/kW_th,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2017.0 -electrolysis,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 -electrolysis,efficiency,0.5773,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 -electrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.2762,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 -electrolysis,investment,2000.0,EUR/kW_e,private communications; IEA https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/9e0c82d4-06d2-496b-9542-f184ba803645/TheRoleofE-fuelsinDecarbonisingTransport.pdf,,2020.0 -electrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -electrolysis small,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 -electrolysis small,efficiency,0.5773,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 -electrolysis small,efficiency-heat,0.2762,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 -electrolysis small,investment,1900.0,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Specific investment,2020.0 -electrolysis small,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Technical lifetime of plant,2020.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,FOM,7.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.94,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.12,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,investment,928559.735,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 36 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 342000 t/year",2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol from starch crop,FOM,13.8,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original values FIXOM in MEUR/GW divided by INVCOST for the corresponding year",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,VOM,26.3497,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value 6.93 MEUR/PJ VAROM",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,efficiency,0.58,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production. Converted from 0.35 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,investment,716511.2815,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for USA and European production,2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,FOM,16.43,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original values FIXOM in MEUR/GW divided by INVCOST for the corresponding year",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,VOM,23.1751,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production, original value 6.09 MEUR/PJ VAROM",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,efficiency,0.45,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production. Converted from 0.292 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,investment,530264.2751,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for Brazilian production,2015.0 -fuel cell,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -fuel cell,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -fuel cell,investment,1375.6881,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -fuelwood,fuel,15.9997,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOO (FuelwoodRW), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -gas,CO2 intensity,0.198,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 50 GJ/t CH4,, -gas,fuel,24.568,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -gas boiler steam,FOM,3.6667,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,VOM,1.1077,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.92,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -gas boiler steam,investment,54.9273,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -gas storage,FOM,0.5368,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",150 Underground Storage of Gas: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -gas storage,investment,0.2366,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",150 Underground Storage of Gas: Specific investment,2020.0 -gas storage,lifetime,100.0,years,TODO no source,"150 Underground Storage of Gas: estimation: most underground storage are already built, they do have a long lifetime",2020.0 -gas storage charger,investment,15.2479,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",,2020.0 -gas storage discharger,investment,5.0826,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",,2020.0 -geothermal,CO2 intensity,0.12,tCO2/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",Likely to be improved; Average of 85 percent of global egs power plant capacity; Result of fluid circulation through rock formations,2020.0 -geothermal,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",See Supplemental Material of source for details,2020.0 -geothermal,district heat surcharge,25.0,%,Frey et al. 2022: Techno-Economic Assessment of Geothermal Resources in the Variscan Basement of the Northern Upper Rhine Graben,"If capital cost of electric generation from EGS is 100%, district heating adds additional 25%. Costs incurred by piping.",2020.0 -geothermal,district heat-input,0.8,MWh_thdh/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, District Heat-output. This is an assessment of typical heat losses when heat is transmitted from the EGS plant to the DH network, This is a rough estimate, depends on local conditions",2020.0 -geothermal,lifetime,30.0,years,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",,2020.0 -helmeth,FOM,3.0,%/year,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -helmeth,efficiency,0.8,per unit,HELMETH press release, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -helmeth,investment,2116.4433,EUR/kW,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -helmeth,lifetime,25.0,years,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -home battery inverter,FOM,0.2,%/year,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -home battery inverter,efficiency,0.95,per unit,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2020.0 -home battery inverter,investment,400.9018,EUR/kW,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2020.0 -home battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -home battery storage,investment,344.0435,EUR/kWh,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2020.0 -home battery storage,lifetime,20.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -hydro,FOM,1.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -hydro,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -hydro,investment,2274.8177,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 -hydro,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,FOM,11.3,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","55.28 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ OPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15).",,2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,electricity-input,1.03,MWh_el/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ reduced by electricity demand of process ‘EAF’.,2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,hydrogen-input,2.1,MWh_H2/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2022-12-05). ","63 kg H2/t steel for process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ according to documentation (raw input files for MPP model list 73 kg H2 / t steel, which seems to high and is probably incorrect).",2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,investment,4277858.0,EUR/t_HBI/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","488.34 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ CAPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,ore-input,1.59,t_ore/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03). ",Based on process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’.,2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,compression-electricity-input,0.05,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.",1.707 kWh/kg.,2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,investment,87.69,EUR/kW_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.","2923 EUR/kg_H2. For a 206 kg/h compressor. Base CAPEX 40 528 EUR/kW_el with scale factor 0.4603. kg_H2 converted to MWh using LHV. Pressure range: 30 bar in, 250 bar out.",2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,lifetime,15.0,years,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,investment,13.5,EUR/kWh_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.","450 EUR/kg_H2 converted with LHV to MWh. For a type 1 hydrogen storage tank (steel, 15-250 bar). Currency year assumed 2020 for initial publication of reference; observe note in SI.4.3 that no currency year is explicitly stated in the reference.",2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,lifetime,20.0,years,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,min_fill_level,6.0,%,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,FOM,1.0526,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,investment,60.6138,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Specific investment,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,FOM,0.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,VOM,0.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Variable O&M,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,investment,3.1902,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Specific investment,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,lifetime,100.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,FOM,0.0928,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,VOM,3.2828,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Variable O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,efficiency,2.95,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,investment,1052.7581,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Nominal investment,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,FOM,0.1113,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,VOM,3.2828,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Variable O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,efficiency,2.55,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,investment,877.2984,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -iron ore DRI-ready,commodity,97.73,EUR/t,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://missionpossiblepartnership.org/action-sectors/steel/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","DRI ready assumes 65% iron content, requiring no additional benefication.",2020.0 -iron-air battery,FOM,1.0219,%/year,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery,investment,25.1342,EUR/kWh,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery,lifetime,17.5,years,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery charge,efficiency,0.7,per unit,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery discharge,efficiency,0.59,per unit,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -lignite,CO2 intensity,0.4069,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid-Emissionen des deutschen Strommix in den Jahren 1990 - 2018,, -lignite,FOM,1.31,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,VOM,3.2612,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3+5.5)USD/MWh_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR). Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,efficiency,0.33,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. 1 / ((8.75+12) MMbtu/MWh_th /2 / (3.4095 MMbtu/MWh_th)), rounded up. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,fuel,3.2985,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on IEA 2011 data, 10 USD/t.",2010.0 -lignite,investment,3827.1629,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Higher costs include coal plants with CCS, but since using here for calculating the average nevertheless. Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3200+6775) USD/kW_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR). Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf .",2023.0 -lignite,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -methanation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.2.3.1",,2017.0 -methanation,carbondioxide-input,0.198,t_CO2/MWh_CH4,"Götz et al. (2016): Renewable Power-to-Gas: A technological and economic review (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2015.07.066), Fig. 11 .",Additional H2 required for methanation process (2x H2 amount compared to stochiometric conversion)., -methanation,efficiency,0.8,per unit,Palzer and Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -methanation,hydrogen-input,1.282,MWh_H2/MWh_CH4,,Based on ideal conversion process of stochiometric composition (1 t CH4 contains 750 kg of carbon)., -methanation,investment,777.5294,EUR/kW_CH4,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 6: “Reference scenario”.",,2017.0 -methanation,lifetime,20.0,years,Guesstimate.,"Based on lifetime for methanolisation, Fischer-Tropsch plants.",2017.0 -methane storage tank incl. compressor,FOM,1.9,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor by DEA.",Based on assumptions for hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor (by DEA).,2014.0 -methane storage tank incl. compressor,investment,8961.5075,EUR/m^3,Storage costs per l: https://www.compositesworld.com/articles/pressure-vessels-for-alternative-fuels-2014-2023 (2021-02-10).,"Assume 5USD/l (= 4.23 EUR/l at 1.17 USD/EUR exchange rate) for type 1 pressure vessel for 200 bar storage and 100% surplus costs for including compressor costs with storage, based on similar assumptions by DEA for compressed hydrogen storage tanks.",2014.0 -methane storage tank incl. compressor,lifetime,30.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor by DEA.",Based on assumptions for hydrogen storage tank 1 including compressor (by DEA).,2014.0 -methanol,CO2 intensity,0.2482,tCO2/MWh_th,,, -methanol-to-kerosene,FOM,4.5,%/year,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",,2020.0 -methanol-to-kerosene,VOM,1.35,EUR/MWh_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",,2020.0 -methanol-to-kerosene,hydrogen-input,0.0279,MWh_H2/MWh_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 6.","Assuming LHV 11.94 kWh/kg for kerosene, 5.54 kWh/kg for methanol, 33.3 kWh/kg for hydrogen.", -methanol-to-kerosene,investment,307000.0,EUR/MW_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",,2020.0 -methanol-to-kerosene,lifetime,30.0,years,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",, -methanol-to-kerosene,methanol-input,1.0764,MWh_MeOH/MWh_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 6.","Assuming LHV 11.94 kWh/kg for kerosene, 5.54 kWh/kg for methanol, 33.3 kWh/kg for hydrogen.", -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,FOM,3.0,%/year,Guesstimate,same as steam cracker,2015.0 -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,VOM,31.7466,EUR/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35", ,2015.0 -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,carbondioxide-output,0.6107,t_CO2/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Sections 4.5 (for ethylene and propylene) and 4.6 (for BTX)","Weighted average: 0.4 t_MeOH/t_ethylene+propylene for 21.7 Mt of ethylene and 17 Mt of propylene, 1.13 t_CO2/t_BTX for 15.7 Mt of BTX. The report also references process emissions of 0.55 t_MeOH/t_ethylene+propylene elsewhere. ", -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,electricity-input,1.3889,MWh_el/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), page 69",5 GJ/t_HVC , -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,investment,2781006.4359,EUR/(t_HVC/h),"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",Assuming CAPEX of 1200 €/t actually given in €/(t/a).,2015.0 -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,lifetime,30.0,years,Guesstimate,same as steam cracker, -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,methanol-input,18.03,MWh_MeOH/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Sections 4.5 (for ethylene and propylene) and 4.6 (for BTX)","Weighted average: 2.83 t_MeOH/t_ethylene+propylene for 21.7 Mt of ethylene and 17 Mt of propylene, 4.2 t_MeOH/t_BTX for 15.7 Mt of BTX. Assuming 5.54 MWh_MeOH/t_MeOH. ", -methanolisation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.1.",,2017.0 -methanolisation,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -methanolisation,carbondioxide-input,0.248,t_CO2/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 66.",, -methanolisation,electricity-input,0.271,MWh_e/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 65.",, -methanolisation,heat-output,0.1,MWh_th/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 65.",steam generation of 2 GJ/t_MeOH, -methanolisation,hydrogen-input,1.138,MWh_H2/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 64.",189 kg_H2 per t_MeOH, -methanolisation,investment,819108.478,EUR/MW_MeOH,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 8: “Reference scenario”.","Well developed technology, no significant learning expected.",2017.0 -methanolisation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (04/2022), Data sheet “Methanol to Power”.",,2017.0 -micro CHP,FOM,6.6667,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -micro CHP,efficiency,0.351,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Electric efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -micro CHP,efficiency-heat,0.599,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -micro CHP,investment,10630.1681,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 -micro CHP,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,FOM,11.3,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,gas-input,2.78,MWh_NG/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",Original value 10 GJ/t_DRI.,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,investment,4277858.0,EUR/t_HBI/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.","488.34 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ CAPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,ore-input,1.59,t_ore/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",, -nuclear,FOM,1.27,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (131.5+152.75)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) relative to investment costs.",2023.0 -nuclear,VOM,3.5464,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (4.25+5)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 -nuclear,efficiency,0.326,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on heat rate of 10.45 MMBtu/MWh_e and 3.4095 MMBtu/MWh_th, i.e. 1/(10.45/3.4095) = 0.3260.",2023.0 -nuclear,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -nuclear,investment,8594.1354,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (8475+13925)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 -nuclear,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 -offwind,FOM,2.5093,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Fixed O&M [EUR/MW_e/y, 2020]",2020.0 -offwind,VOM,0.0212,EUR/MWhel,RES costs made up to fix curtailment order, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind,investment,1992.6105,"EUR/kW_e, 2020","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Nominal investment [MEUR/MW_e, 2020] grid connection costs subtracted from investment costs",2020.0 -offwind,lifetime,27.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2841.3251,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,1420.1334,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-ac-station,investment,264.5554,EUR/kWel,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2116.4433,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,1058.2216,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017; average + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-station,investment,423.2887,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017; assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-float,FOM,1.15,%/year,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0 -offwind-float,investment,2350.0,EUR/kWel,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0 -offwind-float,lifetime,20.0,years,C. Maienza 2020 A life cycle cost model for floating offshore wind farms,,2020.0 -offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2118.5597,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf,,2014.0 -offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,1039.4778,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017, average + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 -offwind-float-station,investment,415.7911,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017, assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 -oil,CO2 intensity,0.2571,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 44 GJ/t diesel and -CH2- approximation of diesel,, -oil,FOM,2.5656,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -oil,VOM,6.3493,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0 -oil,efficiency,0.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","50 Diesel engine farm: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -oil,fuel,52.9111,EUR/MWhth,IEA WEM2017 97USD/boe = http://www.iea.org/media/weowebsite/2017/WEM_Documentation_WEO2017.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -oil,investment,362.97,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Specific investment,2015.0 -oil,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -onwind,FOM,1.2514,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -onwind,VOM,1.5873,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Variable O&M,2015.0 -onwind,investment,1183.9119,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Nominal investment ,2015.0 -onwind,lifetime,27.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -organic rankine cycle,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551","Both for flash, binary and ORC plants. See Supplemental Material for details",2020.0 -organic rankine cycle,electricity-input,0.12,MWh_el/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, Electricity-output. This is a rough estimate, depends on input temperature, implies ~150 C.",2020.0 -organic rankine cycle,investment,1376.0,EUR/kW_el,Tartiere and Astolfi 2017: A world overview of the organic Rankine cycle market,"Low rollout complicates the estimation, compounded by a dependence both on plant size and temperature, converted from 1500 USD/kW using currency conversion 1.09 USD = 1 EUR.",2020.0 -organic rankine cycle,lifetime,30.0,years,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",,2020.0 -ror,FOM,2.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -ror,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -ror,investment,3412.2266,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 -ror,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -seawater RO desalination,electricity-input,0.003,MWHh_el/t_H2O,"Caldera et al. (2016): Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Fig. 4.",Desalination using SWRO. Assume medium salinity of 35 Practical Salinity Units (PSUs) = 35 kg/m^3., -seawater desalination,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2015.0 -seawater desalination,electricity-input,3.0348,kWh/m^3-H2O,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Fig. 4.",, -seawater desalination,investment,42561.4413,EUR/(m^3-H2O/h),"Caldera et al 2017: Learning Curve for Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination Plants: Capital Cost Trend of the Past, Present, and Future (https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR021402), Table 4.",,2015.0 -seawater desalination,lifetime,30.0,years,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",, -shipping fuel methanol,CO2 intensity,0.2482,tCO2/MWh_th,-,Based on stochiometric composition.,2020.0 -shipping fuel methanol,fuel,72.0,EUR/MWh_th,"Based on (source 1) Hampp et al (2022), https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.01092, and (source 2): https://www.methanol.org/methanol-price-supply-demand/; both accessed: 2022-12-03.",400 EUR/t assuming range roughly in the long-term range for green methanol (source 1) and late 2020+beyond values for grey methanol (source 2).,2020.0 -solar,FOM,1.578,%/year,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop' and 50% 'solar-utility',2020.0 -solar,VOM,0.0106,EUR/MWhel,RES costs made up to fix curtailment order, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -solar,investment,809.8118,EUR/kW_e,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop' and 50% 'solar-utility',2020.0 -solar,lifetime,35.0,years,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop' and 50% 'solar-utility',2020.0 -solar-rooftop,FOM,1.1471,%/year,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop,discount rate,0.04,per unit,standard for decentral, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -solar-rooftop,investment,1057.1237,EUR/kW_e,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop,lifetime,35.0,years,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,FOM,1.2152,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,investment,872.3118,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,lifetime,35.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,FOM,1.079,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,investment,1241.9355,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,lifetime,35.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-utility,FOM,2.0089,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-utility,investment,562.5,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-utility,lifetime,35.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,FOM,1.8605,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,investment,650.3522,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,lifetime,35.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solid biomass,CO2 intensity,0.3667,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 18 GJ/t_DM LHV and 50% C-content for solid biomass,, -solid biomass,fuel,13.6489,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOOW1 (secondary forest residue wood chips), ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,FOM,5.4515,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,VOM,2.7985,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,investment,622.5091,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,FOM,5.4515,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,VOM,2.7985,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,investment,622.5091,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -solid biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -solid biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -solid biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.56,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, -solid biomass to hydrogen,investment,4237.1194,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,FOM,5.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",CO2 volume captured / (Stream flowrate * Max. capacity utilization * CO2 in exhaust * 8760),2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,investment,3561435.753,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 1342 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 3324000 t/year",2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -uranium,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -waste CHP,FOM,2.4016,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -waste CHP,VOM,28.8648,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -waste CHP,c_b,0.2826,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP,efficiency,0.2021,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7635,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP,investment,9077.1074,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -waste CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,FOM,2.4016,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,VOM,28.8648,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,c_b,0.2826,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,efficiency,0.2021,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.7635,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,investment,9077.1074,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -water tank charger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -water tank discharger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 diff --git a/ariadne-data/costs/pessimist/costs_2025.csv b/ariadne-data/costs/pessimist/costs_2025.csv deleted file mode 100644 index ee074e30d..000000000 --- a/ariadne-data/costs/pessimist/costs_2025.csv +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1238 +0,0 @@ -technology,parameter,value,unit,source,further description,currency_year -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,FOM,4.6,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,VOM,0.2389,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,electricity-input,1.38,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,investment,429.0306,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,lifetime,40.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,FOM,18.1,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,VOM,0.2389,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,electricity-input,1.416,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,investment,566.0884,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,FOM,18.1,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,VOM,0.6426,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,electricity-input,1.41,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,investment,984.8823,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW, -Ammonia cracker,FOM,4.3,%/year,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 7.","Estimated based on Labour cost rate, Maintenance cost rate, Insurance rate, Admin. cost rate and Chemical & other consumables cost rate.",2015.0 -Ammonia cracker,ammonia-input,1.46,MWh_NH3/MWh_H2,"ENGIE et al (2020): Ammonia to Green Hydrogen Feasibility Study (https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/880826/HS420_-_Ecuity_-_Ammonia_to_Green_Hydrogen.pdf), Fig. 10.",Assuming a integrated 200t/d cracking and purification facility. Electricity demand (316 MWh per 2186 MWh_LHV H2 output) is assumed to also be ammonia LHV input which seems a fair assumption as the facility has options for a higher degree of integration according to the report)., -Ammonia cracker,investment,1123945.3807,EUR/MW_H2,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 6.",Calculated. For a small (200 t_NH3/d input) facility. Base cost for facility: 51 MEUR at capacity 20 000m^3_NH3/h = 339 t_NH3/d input. Cost scaling exponent 0.67. Ammonia density 0.7069 kg/m^3. Conversion efficiency of cracker: 0.685. Ammonia LHV: 5.167 MWh/t_NH3.; and Calculated. For a large (2500 t_NH3/d input) facility. Base cost for facility: 51 MEUR at capacity 20 000m^3_NH3/h = 339 t_NH3/d input. Cost scaling exponent 0.67. Ammonia density 0.7069 kg/m^3. Conversion efficiency of cracker: 0.685. Ammonia LHV: 5.167 MWh/t_NH3.,2015.0 -Ammonia cracker,lifetime,25.0,years,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 7.",,2015.0 -BEV Bus city,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,Motor size,320.6897,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,efficiency,0.9204,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,investment,326312.2797,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Coach,FOM,0.0001,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,Motor size,298.2759,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,efficiency,0.9094,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,investment,406852.0832,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,Motor size,468.9655,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,efficiency,1.4729,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,investment,247867.9385,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,lifetime,10.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,Motor size,353.4483,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,efficiency,0.9226,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,investment,313643.3844,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,Motor size,587.931,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,efficiency,1.6303,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,investment,274929.1357,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),FOM,0.9,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),efficiency,0.68,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),investment,28812.0,EUR/PKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (trucks),FOM,14.0,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (trucks),2020.0 -Battery electric (trucks),investment,165765.0,EUR/LKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (trucks),2020.0 -Battery electric (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (trucks),2020.0 -BioSNG,C in fuel,0.3375,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,C stored,0.6625,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,CO2 stored,0.2429,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,FOM,1.5311,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Fixed O&M",2020.0 -BioSNG,VOM,2.7648,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Variable O&M",2020.0 -BioSNG,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -BioSNG,efficiency,0.625,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Bio SNG Output",2020.0 -BioSNG,investment,2676.2233,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Specific investment",2020.0 -BioSNG,lifetime,25.0,years,TODO,"84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -BtL,C in fuel,0.2571,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,C stored,0.7429,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,CO2 stored,0.2724,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,FOM,7.5267,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Fixed O&M",2020.0 -BtL,VOM,1.1543,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Variable O&M",2020.0 -BtL,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -BtL,efficiency,0.3667,per unit,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Electricity Output",2020.0 -BtL,investment,3378.3027,EUR/kW_th,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Specific investment",2017.0 -BtL,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Technical lifetime",2020.0 -CCGT,FOM,3.2091,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -CCGT,VOM,5.1147,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Variable O&M",2015.0 -CCGT,c_b,1.9,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -CCGT,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -CCGT,efficiency,0.5583,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -CCGT,investment,970.0365,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Nominal investment",2015.0 -CCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -CH4 (g) fill compressor station,FOM,1.7,%/year,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0 -CH4 (g) fill compressor station,investment,1654.96,EUR/MW_CH4,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station cost.","Assume same ratio as between H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station, i.e. 1:19 , due to a lack of reliable numbers.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) fill compressor station,lifetime,20.0,years,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,FOM,1.5,%/year,Assume same as for H2 (g) pipeline in 2050 (CH4 pipeline as mature technology).,"Due to lack of numbers, use comparable H2 pipeline assumptions.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,electricity-input,0.01,MW_e/1000km/MW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: 112 6 gas Main distri line.","Assumption for gas pipeline >100MW, 0.1% per station and spacing of 100km yields 1%/1000km. Electric compression.",2015.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,investment,87.22,EUR/MW/km,Guesstimate.,"Based on Arab Gas Pipeline: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Gas_Pipeline: cost = 1.2e9 $-US (year = ?), capacity=10.3e9 m^3/a NG, l=1200km, NG-LHV=39MJ/m^3*90% (also Wikipedia estimate from here https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_of_combustion). Presumed to include booster station cost.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,lifetime,50.0,years,Assume same as for H2 (g) pipeline in 2050 (CH4 pipeline as mature technology).,"Due to lack of numbers, use comparable H2 pipeline assumptions.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,FOM,3.0,%/year,"d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material.",-,2015.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,electricity-input,0.01,MW_e/1000km/MW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: 112 6 gas Main distri line.","Assumption for gas pipeline >100MW, 0.1% per station and spacing of 100km yields 1%/1000km. Electric compression.",2015.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,investment,119.3173,EUR/MW/km,Kaiser (2017): 10.1016/j.marpol.2017.05.003 .,"Based on Gulfstream pipeline costs (430 mi long pipeline for natural gas in deep/shallow waters) of 2.72e6 USD/mi and 1.31 bn ft^3/d capacity (36 in diameter), LHV of methane 13.8888 MWh/t and density of 0.657 kg/m^3 and 1.17 USD:1EUR conversion rate = 102.4 EUR/MW/km. Number is without booster station cost. Estimation of additional cost for booster stations based on H2 (g) pipeline numbers from Guidehouse (2020): European Hydrogen Backbone report and Danish Energy Agency (2021): Technology Data for Energy Transport, were booster stations make ca. 6% of pipeline cost; here add additional 10% for booster stations as they need to be constructed submerged or on plattforms. (102.4*1.1).",2014.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,lifetime,30.0,years,"d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material.",-,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,capacity,58300.0,t_CH4,"Calculated, based on Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",based on 138 000 m^3 capacity and LNG density of 0.4226 t/m^3 .,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,investment,159791465.6831,EUR,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,lifetime,25.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2015.0 -CH4 evaporation,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 evaporation,investment,91.1101,EUR/kW_CH4,"Calculated, based on Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306","based on 100 MUSD-2005/(1 bcm/a), 1 bcm = 10.6 TWh, currency exchange rate: 1.15 USD=1 EUR.",2005.0 -CH4 evaporation,lifetime,30.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,electricity-input,0.036,MWh_el/MWh_CH4,"Pospíšil et al. (2019): Energy demand of liquefaction and regasification of natural gas and the potential of LNG for operative thermal energy storage (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.09.027), Table 2 and Table 3. alternative source 2: https://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/methane (accessed 2021-02-10).","Assuming 0.5 MWh/t_CH4 for refigeration cycle based on Table 2 of source; cleaning of gas presumed unnecessary as it should be nearly pure CH4 (=SNG). Assuming energy required is only electricity which is for Table 3 in the source provided with efficiencies of ~50% of LHV, making the numbers consistent with the numbers in Table 2.", -CH4 liquefaction,investment,241.443,EUR/kW_CH4,"Calculated, based on Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306","based on 265 MUSD-2005/(1 bcm/a), 1 bcm = 10.6 TWh, currency exchange rate: 1.15 USD=1 EUR.",2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,lifetime,25.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,methane-input,1.0,MWh_CH4/MWh_CH4,"Pospíšil et al. (2019): Energy demand of liquefaction and regasification of natural gas and the potential of LNG for operative thermal energy storage (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.09.027), Table 2 and Table 3. alternative source 2: https://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/methane (accessed 2021-02-10).","For refrigeration cycle, cleaning of gas presumed unnecessary as it should be nearly pure CH4 (=SNG). Assuming energy required is only electricity which is for Table 3 in the source provided with efficiencies of ~50% of LHV, making the numbers consistent with the numbers in Table 2.", -CO2 liquefaction,FOM,5.0,%/year,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,,2004.0 -CO2 liquefaction,carbondioxide-input,1.0,t_CO2/t_CO2,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,"Assuming a pure, humid, low-pressure input stream. Neglecting possible gross-effects of CO2 which might be cycled for the cooling process.", -CO2 liquefaction,electricity-input,0.123,MWh_el/t_CO2,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,, -CO2 liquefaction,heat-input,0.0067,MWh_th/t_CO2,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,For drying purposes., -CO2 liquefaction,investment,16.7226,EUR/t_CO2/h,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,"Plant capacity of 20 kt CO2 / d and an uptime of 85%. For a high purity, humid, low pressure input stream, includes drying and compression necessary for liquefaction.",2004.0 -CO2 liquefaction,lifetime,25.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on CH4 liquefaction.",,2004.0 -CO2 pipeline,FOM,0.9,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",,2015.0 -CO2 pipeline,investment,2116.4433,EUR/(tCO2/h)/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",Assuming the 120-500 t CO2/h range that is based on cost of a 12 inch onshore pipeline.,2015.0 -CO2 pipeline,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",,2015.0 -CO2 storage tank,FOM,1.0,%/year,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, pg. 2746 .","Assuming a 3000m^3 pressurised steel cylinder tanks and a CO2 density of 1100 kg/m^3 (close to triple point at -56.6°C and 5.2 bar with max density of 1200kg/m^3 ). Lauri et al. report costs 3x higher per m^3 for steel tanks, which are consistent with other sources. The numbers reported are in rather difficult to pinpoint as systems can greatly vary.",2013.0 -CO2 storage tank,investment,2584.3462,EUR/t_CO2,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, Table 3.","Assuming a 3000m^3 pressurised steel cylinder tanks and a CO2 density of 1100 kg/m^3 (close to triple point at -56.6°C and 5.2 bar with max density of 1200kg/m^3 ). Lauri et al. report costs 3x higher per m^3 for steel tanks, which are consistent with other sources. The numbers reported are in rather difficult to pinpoint as systems can greatly vary.",2013.0 -CO2 storage tank,lifetime,25.0,years,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, pg. 2746 .","Assuming a 3000m^3 pressurised steel cylinder tanks and a CO2 density of 1100 kg/m^3 (close to triple point at -56.6°C and 5.2 bar with max density of 1200kg/m^3 ). Lauri et al. report costs 3x higher per m^3 for steel tanks, which are consistent with other sources. The numbers reported are in rather difficult to pinpoint as systems can greatly vary.",2013.0 -CO2 submarine pipeline,FOM,0.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",,2015.0 -CO2 submarine pipeline,investment,4232.8865,EUR/(tCO2/h)/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",Assuming the 120-500 t CO2/h range that is based on cost of a 12 inch offshore pipeline.,2015.0 -Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,FOM,1.6,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,investment,527507.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,FOM,2.2,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,investment,2000991.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,FOM,2.2,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,investment,2000991.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,FOM,1.8,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,investment,1126.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,FOM,0.9265,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.64 (p.86) Figure 4.14","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,efficiency,0.7211,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.52^0.5']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,investment,946180.9426,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Turbine Compressor BOP EPC Management']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-store,FOM,0.43,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB 4.5.2.1 Fixed O&M p.62 (p.84)","{'carrier': ['pair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-store,investment,5448.7894,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.64 (p.86)","{'carrier': ['pair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Cavern Storage']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['pair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,investment,166105.3393,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,efficiency,0.4343,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,investment,664421.3572,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Concrete-store,FOM,0.3269,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['concrete'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Concrete-store,investment,26738.4056,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['concrete'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -Concrete-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['concrete'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -"Container feeder, ammonia",efficiency,0.7754,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container feeder, ammonia",investment,41959454.4301,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container feeder, ammonia",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container feeder, diesel",efficiency,0.7718,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, diesel",2023.0 -"Container feeder, diesel",investment,34966212.0251,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, diesel",2023.0 -"Container feeder, diesel",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, diesel",2023.0 -"Container feeder, methanol",efficiency,0.7711,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, methanol",2023.0 -"Container feeder, methanol",investment,38462833.2276,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, methanol",2023.0 -"Container feeder, methanol",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, methanol",2023.0 -"Container, ammonia",efficiency,1.7094,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container, ammonia",investment,143583536.7421,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container, ammonia",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container, diesel",efficiency,1.6399,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, diesel",2023.0 -"Container, diesel",investment,119652947.2851,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, diesel",2023.0 -"Container, diesel",lifetime,31.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, diesel",2023.0 -"Container, methanol",efficiency,1.7001,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, methanol",2023.0 -"Container, methanol",investment,131618242.0136,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, methanol",2023.0 -"Container, methanol",lifetime,31.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, methanol",2023.0 -Diesel Bus city,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,Motor size,250.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,efficiency,2.2786,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,investment,150756.2732,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,Motor size,350.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,efficiency,2.393,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,investment,231296.0768,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,FOM,0.0005,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,Motor size,380.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,efficiency,3.4385,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,investment,142012.114,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,lifetime,10.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,Motor size,235.1724,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,efficiency,2.3586,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,investment,155444.0931,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,Motor size,382.3529,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,efficiency,3.4819,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,investment,177515.1425,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,Motor size,375.8621,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,VOM,0.0979,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,efficiency,1.6958,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,investment,356178.0895,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Coach,FOM,0.0001,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,Motor size,375.8621,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,efficiency,1.6864,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,investment,653008.177,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,Motor size,492.2414,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,efficiency,2.6623,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,investment,255848.6038,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,lifetime,10.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,Motor size,363.7931,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,efficiency,1.7934,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,investment,276930.7366,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,Motor size,363.7931,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,efficiency,2.9676,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,investment,299001.7859,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FT fuel transport ship,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -FT fuel transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_FTfuel,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -FT fuel transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -FT fuel transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.1.",,2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,VOM,4.8916,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",102 Hydrogen to Jet: Variable O&M,2020.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -Fischer-Tropsch,carbondioxide-input,0.343,t_CO2/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","Input per 1t FT liquid fuels output, carbon efficiency increases with years (4.3, 3.9, 3.6, 3.3 t_CO2/t_FT from 2020-2050 with LHV 11.95 MWh_th/t_FT).", -Fischer-Tropsch,efficiency,0.799,per unit,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.2.",,2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,electricity-input,0.0075,MWh_el/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","0.005 MWh_el input per FT output, output increasing from 2020 to 2050 (0.65, 0.7, 0.73, 0.75 MWh liquid FT output).", -Fischer-Tropsch,hydrogen-input,1.476,MWh_H2/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","0.995 MWh_H2 per output, output increasing from 2020 to 2050 (0.65, 0.7, 0.73, 0.75 MWh liquid FT output).", -Fischer-Tropsch,investment,761417.4621,EUR/MW_FT,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 8: “Reference scenario”.","Well developed technology, no significant learning expected.",2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (04/2022), Data sheet “Methanol to Power”.",,2017.0 -Gasnetz,FOM,2.5,%,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz,2020.0 -Gasnetz,investment,28.0,EUR/kWGas,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz,2020.0 -Gasnetz,lifetime,30.0,years,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz,2020.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),FOM,6.25,%/year,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , figure 7 and pg. 12 .",Assuming ca. 10 EUR/m^3/a (center value between stand alone and addon facility).,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),investment,137.8999,EUR/m^3,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 8F .",Assumed 20% lower than for product storage. Crude or middle distillate tanks are usually larger compared to product storage due to lower requirements on safety and different construction method. Reference size used here: 80 000 – 120 000 m^3 .,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),lifetime,30.0,years,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 11.",,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),FOM,6.25,%/year,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , figure 7 and pg. 12 .",Assuming ca. 10 EUR/m^3/a (center value between stand alone and addon facility).,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),investment,172.3748,EUR/m^3,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 8F .",Assumed at the higher end for addon facilities/mid-range for stand-alone facilities. Product storage usually smaller due to higher requirements on safety and different construction method. Reference size used here: 40 000 - 60 000 m^3 .,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),lifetime,30.0,years,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 11.",,2012.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.76 (p.98) Sentence 1 in 4.7.2 Operating Costs","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['1.5 percent of capital cost']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,efficiency,0.9274,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.36","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.86^0.5']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,investment,415570.5177,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 0% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,lifetime,41.7,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.36","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-store,investment,172353.7601,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 15% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['gravity'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Gravitational Capital (SB+BOS)']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-store,lifetime,41.7,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.36","{'carrier': ['gravity'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.76 (p.98) Sentence 1 in 4.7.2 Operating Costs","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['1.5 percent of capital cost']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,efficiency,0.9014,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level ((0.785+0.84)/2)^0.5']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,investment,365630.713,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 0% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-store,investment,133234.2464,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 15% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['gravitywa'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Gravitational Capital (SB+BOS)']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['gravitywa'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.76 (p.98) Sentence 1 in 4.7.2 Operating Costs","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['1.5 percent of capital cost']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,efficiency,0.9014,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level ((0.785+0.84)/2)^0.5']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,investment,905158.9602,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 0% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-store,investment,104935.0238,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 15% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['gravitywu'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Gravitational Capital (SB+BOS)']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['gravitywu'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -H2 (g) fill compressor station,FOM,1.7,%/year,"Guidehouse 2020: European Hydrogen Backbone report, https://guidehouse.com/-/media/www/site/downloads/energy/2020/gh_european-hydrogen-backbone_report.pdf (table 3, table 5)","Pessimistic (highest) value chosen for 48'' pipeline w/ 13GW_H2 LHV @ 100bar pressure. Currency year: Not clearly specified, assuming year of publication. Forecast year: Not clearly specified, guessing based on text remarks.",2020.0 -H2 (g) fill compressor station,investment,4738.7164,EUR/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), pg. 164, Figure 14 (Fill compressor).","Assumption for staging 35→140bar, 6000 MW_HHV single line pipeline. Considering HHV/LHV ration for H2.",2015.0 -H2 (g) fill compressor station,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), pg. 168, Figure 24 (Fill compressor).",,2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,FOM,3.5833,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, > 6000 MW_HHV single line pipeline, incl. booster station investments. Considering LHV by scaling with LHV/HHV=0.8462623413.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,electricity-input,0.02,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,investment,303.6845,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 4.4 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, > 6000 MW_HHV single line pipeline, incl. booster station investments. Considering LHV by scaling with LHV/HHV=0.8462623413.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,FOM,3.5833,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.",Same as for new H2 (g) pipeline.,2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,electricity-input,0.02,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,investment,129.4682,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line repurposed pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 0.8 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.",Same as for new H2 (g) pipeline.,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,FOM,3.0,%/year,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,electricity-input,0.02,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,investment,456.1165,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line offshore pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 7.48 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,lifetime,30.0,years,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,FOM,3.0,%/year,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,electricity-input,0.02,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,investment,160.1562,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line repurposed offshore pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 1.5 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,lifetime,30.0,years,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (l) storage tank,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.",Assuming currency year and technology year here (25 EUR/kg).,2015.0 -H2 (l) storage tank,investment,793.7456,EUR/MWh_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.","Assuming currency year and technology year here (25 EUR/kg). Future target cost. Today’s cost potentially higher according to d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material pg. 16.",2015.0 -H2 (l) storage tank,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.",Assuming currency year and technology year here (25 EUR/kg).,2015.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,capacity,11000.0,t_H2,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,investment,393737000.0,EUR,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,lifetime,20.0,years,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 evaporation,FOM,2.5,%/year,"DNV GL (2020): Study on the Import of Liquid Renewable Energy: Technology Cost Assessment, https://www.gie.eu/wp-content/uploads/filr/2598/DNV-GL_Study-GLE-Technologies-and-costs-analysis-on-imports-of-liquid-renewable-energy.pdf .",,2020.0 -H2 evaporation,investment,146.8405,EUR/kW_H2,"IRENA (2022): Global Hydrogen Trade to Meet the 1.5° Climate Goal: Technology Review of Hydrogen Carriers, https://www.irena.org/publications/2022/Apr/Global-hydrogen-trade-Part-II , pg. 62f.","Pessimistic assumption for large scale facility / near-term estimate for medium sized facility, in between low / mid estimate with e.g. DNV numbers (Fig. 3.15).; and Optimistic assumption for large scale facility 2500 t/d, cf Fig. 3.15 .",2022.0 -H2 evaporation,lifetime,20.0,years,Guesstimate.,Based on lifetime of liquefaction plant.,2015.0 -H2 liquefaction,FOM,2.5,%/year,"DNV GL (2020): Study on the Import of Liquid Renewable Energy: Technology Cost Assessment, https://www.gie.eu/wp-content/uploads/filr/2598/DNV-GL_Study-GLE-Technologies-and-costs-analysis-on-imports-of-liquid-renewable-energy.pdf .",,2020.0 -H2 liquefaction,electricity-input,0.203,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"Heuser et al. (2019): Techno-economic analysis of a potential energy trading link between Patagonia and Japan based on CO2 free hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.12.156), table 1.","6.78 kWh/kg_H2, considering H2 with LHV of 33.3333 MWh/t", -H2 liquefaction,hydrogen-input,1.017,MWh_H2/MWh_H2,"Heuser et al. (2019): Techno-economic analysis of a potential energy trading link between Patagonia and Japan based on CO2 free hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.12.156), table 1.",corresponding to 1.65% losses during liquefaction, -H2 liquefaction,investment,889.9426,EUR/kW_H2,"IRENA (2022): Global Hydrogen Trade to Meet the 1.5° Climate Goal: Technology Review of Hydrogen Carriers, https://www.irena.org/publications/2022/Apr/Global-hydrogen-trade-Part-II , pg. 62f.","Assumption for a 200t/d facility (Pessimistic long-term or optimistic short-term value).; and Assumption for a large >300t/d, e.g. 2500 t/d facility (Optimistic long-term value without change in base technology mentioned in report).",2022.0 -H2 liquefaction,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2022.0 -H2 pipeline,FOM,3.0,%/year,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -H2 pipeline,investment,282.5452,EUR/MW/km,Welder et al https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.05.059, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -H2 pipeline,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,FOM,5.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,VOM,0.5118,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,electricity-input,0.097,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification,investment,1467.9399,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification,wood-input,1.804,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification CC,FOM,5.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification CC,VOM,0.5232,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification CC,electricity-input,0.143,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification CC,investment,1489.0957,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification CC,wood-input,1.804,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification,FOM,5.9,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification,VOM,0.6677,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification,coal-input,1.77,MWh_coal/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification,electricity-input,0.07,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification,investment,526.0516,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification CC,FOM,7.9,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification CC,VOM,0.2275,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification CC,coal-input,1.77,MWh_coal/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification CC,electricity-input,0.111,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification CC,investment,591.9076,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,FOM,5.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,VOM,0.1592,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,electricity-input,0.063,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,investment,491.1331,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,lifetime,25.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,oil-input,1.3,MWh_oil/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,FOM,4.9,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,VOM,0.2673,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,electricity-input,0.02,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,gas-input,1.32,MWh_NG/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,investment,228.8467,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,FOM,5.2,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,VOM,0.3412,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,electricity-input,0.05,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,gas-input,1.52,MWh_NG/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,investment,310.2851,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,FOM,4.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,VOM,0.7393,EUR/MWh,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,electricity-input,0.044,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,investment,590.6564,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,wood-input,1.36,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -HVAC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVAC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVAC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,investment,165803.0398,EUR/MW,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC submarine,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0 -HVDC submarine,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1,2017.0 -HVDC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0 -HVDC underground,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 -HVDC underground,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1 (same as for HVDC submarine),2017.0 -HVDC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 -Haber-Bosch,FOM,3.0203,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,VOM,0.0263,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Variable O&M,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,electricity-input,0.2473,MWh_el/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), table 11.",Assume 5 GJ/t_NH3 for compressors and NH3 LHV = 5.16666 MWh/t_NH3., -Haber-Bosch,hydrogen-input,1.1484,MWh_H2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.","178 kg_H2 per t_NH3, LHV for both assumed.", -Haber-Bosch,investment,1665.734,EUR/kW_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,nitrogen-input,0.1597,t_N2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.",".33 MWh electricity are required for ASU per t_NH3, considering 0.4 MWh are required per t_N2 and LHV of NH3 of 5.1666 Mwh.", -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,investment,166045.8871,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,efficiency,0.4444,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,investment,664183.5486,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['salthight'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-store,investment,103333.7792,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['salthight'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['salthight'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),FOM,1.1,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),efficiency,0.48,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),investment,43500.0,EUR/PKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),FOM,12.5,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),efficiency,0.56,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),investment,122291.0,EUR/LKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,FOM,0.5473,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,efficiency,0.6963,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133) include inverter 0.98 & transformer efficiency 0.98 ","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Electrolyzer']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,investment,825760.6159,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.113 (p.135)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Electrolyzer']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,lifetime,30.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,FOM,0.5307,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,efficiency,0.4869,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133) include inverter 0.98 & transformer efficiency 0.98 ","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Fuel Cell']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,investment,822421.3869,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.113 (p.135)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Fuel Cell']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,lifetime,30.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-store,FOM,0.43,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB =(C38+C39)*0.43/4","{'carrier': ['h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-store,investment,4779.9527,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.113 (p.135)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Cavern Storage']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-store,lifetime,30.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LNG storage tank,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank with comparable requirements.",Currency year and technology year assumed based on publication date.,2019.0 -LNG storage tank,investment,666.634,EUR/m^3,"Hurskainen 2019, https://cris.vtt.fi/en/publications/liquid-organic-hydrogen-carriers-lohc-concept-evaluation-and-tech pg. 46 (59).",Currency year and technology year assumed based on publication date.,2019.0 -LNG storage tank,lifetime,20.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank with comparable requirements.",Currency year and technology year assumed based on publication date.,2019.0 -LOHC chemical,investment,2500.0,EUR/t,"Runge et al 2020, pg.7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC chemical,lifetime,20.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, pg.7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation,investment,53681.4988,EUR/MW_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",per MW H2 (LHV). For a large plant of 1000 MW capacity. Calculated based on base CAPEX of 30 MEUR for 300 t/day capacity and a scale factor of 0.6.,2015.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),FOM,3.0,%/year,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),investment,839000.0,EUR/MW_H2,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",MW of H2 LHV. For a small plant of 0.9 MW capacity.,2020.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),lifetime,20.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,electricity-input,0.004,MWh_el/t_HLOHC,Niermann et al. (2019): (https://doi.org/10.1039/C8EE02700E). 6A .,"Flow in figures shows 0.2 MW for 114 MW_HHV = 96.4326 MW_LHV = 2.89298 t hydrogen. At 5.6 wt-% effective H2 storage for loaded LOHC (H18-DBT, HLOHC), corresponds to 51.6604 t loaded LOHC .", -LOHC hydrogenation,hydrogen-input,1.867,MWh_H2/t_HLOHC,"Runge et al 2020, pg. 7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",Considering 5.6 wt-% H2 in loaded LOHC (HLOHC) and LHV of H2., -LOHC hydrogenation,investment,54243.958,EUR/MW_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",per MW H2 (LHV). For a large plant of 2000 MW capacity. Calculated based on base CAPEX of 40 MEUR for 300 t/day capacity and a scale factor of 0.6.,2015.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,lohc-input,0.944,t_LOHC/t_HLOHC,"Runge et al 2020, pg. 7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514","Loaded LOHC (H18-DBT, HLOHC) has loaded only 5.6%-wt H2 as rate of discharge is kept at ca. 90%.", -LOHC loaded DBT storage,FOM,6.25,%/year,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -LOHC loaded DBT storage,investment,151.5383,EUR/t,"Density via Wissenschaftliche Dienste des Deutschen Bundestages 2020, https://www.bundestag.de/resource/blob/816048/454e182d5956d45a664da9eb85486f76/WD-8-058-20-pdf-data.pdf , pg. 11.","Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared. Density of loaded LOHC H18-DBT is 0.91 t/m^3.",2012.0 -LOHC loaded DBT storage,lifetime,30.0,years,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -LOHC transport ship,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_LOHC,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC unloaded DBT storage,FOM,6.25,%/year,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -LOHC unloaded DBT storage,investment,134.2745,EUR/t,"Density via Wissenschaftliche Dienste des Deutschen Bundestages 2020, https://www.bundestag.de/resource/blob/816048/454e182d5956d45a664da9eb85486f76/WD-8-058-20-pdf-data.pdf , pg. 11.","Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared. Density of loaded LOHC H18-DBT is 0.91 t/m^3, density of unloaded LOHC H0-DBT is 1.04 t/m^3 but unloading is only to 90% (depth-of-discharge), assume density via linearisation of 1.027 t/m^3.",2012.0 -LOHC unloaded DBT storage,lifetime,30.0,years,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,FOM,2.4245,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,efficiency,0.8832,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.78^0.5']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,investment,139292.4203,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-store,FOM,0.2464,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['lead'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-store,investment,342960.6179,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['lead'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-store,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['lead'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),FOM,1.6,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),efficiency,0.215,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),investment,24309.0,EUR/PKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),FOM,17.5,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),efficiency,0.373,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),investment,102543.0,EUR/LKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,FOM,0.366,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,investment,489692.4838,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Figure 9 of reference roughly 80% of capital cost are power related 47%/80% of costs are required for liquefaction (charging)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,FOM,0.5212,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,efficiency,0.55,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE 0.545 assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,investment,343826.6375,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, NULL","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-store,FOM,0.3244,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['lair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-store,investment,172876.939,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['lair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Liquid Air SB and BOS']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['lair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,FOM,2.095,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,efficiency,0.9193,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.8452^0.5']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,investment,88568.8382,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,lifetime,16.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-store,FOM,0.0447,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['lfp'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-store,investment,281086.7853,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['lfp'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-store,lifetime,16.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['lfp'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,FOM,2.095,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,efficiency,0.9193,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.8452^0.5']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,investment,88568.8382,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,lifetime,13.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-store,FOM,0.0379,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['nmc'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-store,investment,320844.4187,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['nmc'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-store,lifetime,13.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['nmc'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,investment,146783.3911,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,efficiency,0.5394,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,investment,587133.5642,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-store,investment,63731.5141,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_MeOH,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",,2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,investment,18016.8665,EUR/MW_H2,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.","For high temperature steam reforming plant with a capacity of 200 MW_H2 output (6t/h). Reference plant of 1 MW (30kg_H2/h) costs 150kEUR, scale factor of 0.6 assumed.",2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",,2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,methanol-input,1.201,MWh_MeOH/MWh_H2,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",Assuming per 1 t_H2 (with LHV 33.3333 MWh/t): 4.5 MWh_th and 3.2 MWh_el are required. We assume electricity can be substituted / provided with 1:1 as heat energy., -NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank.",,2010.0 -NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,investment,166.8201,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Calculated based on Morgan E. 2013: doi:10.7275/11KT-3F59 , Fig. 55, Fig 58.","Based on estimated for a double-wall liquid ammonia tank (~ambient pressure, -33°C), inner tank from stainless steel, outer tank from concrete including installations for liquefaction/condensation, boil-off gas recovery and safety installations; the necessary installations make only a small fraction of the total cost. The total cost are driven by material and working time on the tanks. -While the costs do not scale strictly linearly, we here assume they do (good approximation c.f. ref. Fig 55.) and take the costs for a 9 kt NH3 (l) tank = 8 M$2010, which is smaller 4-5x smaller than the largest deployed tanks today. -We assume an exchange rate of 1.17$ to 1 €. -The investment value is given per MWh NH3 store capacity, using the LHV of NH3 of 5.18 MWh/t.",2010.0 -NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,lifetime,20.0,years,"Morgan E. 2013: doi:10.7275/11KT-3F59 , pg. 290",,2010.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B",,2019.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,capacity,53000.0,t_NH3,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B",,2019.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,investment,81164200.0,EUR,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B",,2019.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,lifetime,20.0,years,"Guess estimated based on H2 (l) tanker, but more mature technology",,2019.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,FOM,2.095,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['((0.75-0.87)/2)^0.5 mean value of range efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,investment,88568.8382,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) same as Li-LFP","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-store,FOM,0.225,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-store,investment,306333.1401,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-store,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -OCGT,FOM,1.7026,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -OCGT,VOM,4.8502,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Variable O&M,2015.0 -OCGT,efficiency,0.405,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","52 OCGT - Natural gas: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -OCGT,investment,494.7525,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 -OCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -PEM electrolyzer small size,FOM,3.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW,2010.0 -PEM electrolyzer small size,electricity-input,1.38,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW, -PEM electrolyzer small size,investment,1222.7145,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW,2010.0 -PEM electrolyzer small size,lifetime,6.5,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`","Likely stack lifetime, rather than electrolyzer system lifetime", -PHS,FOM,1.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -PHS,efficiency,0.75,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -PHS,investment,2274.8177,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 -PHS,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,FOM,0.366,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Charger']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,investment,784485.9619,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Figure 9 of reference roughly 80% of capital cost are power related 47%/80% of costs are required for liquefaction (charging)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,lifetime,33.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,FOM,0.5212,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,efficiency,0.63,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE 0.62 assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,investment,550809.2924,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, NULL","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,lifetime,33.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-store,FOM,0.1071,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.103 (p.125)","{'carrier': ['phes'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-store,investment,21420.3118,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.92 (p.114)","{'carrier': ['phes'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Molten Salt based SB and BOS']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-store,lifetime,33.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['phes'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,FOM,0.9951,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, Figure 4.16","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,efficiency,0.8944,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.8^0.5']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,investment,1397128.4612,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Powerhouse Construction & Infrastructure']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-store,FOM,0.43,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['phs'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-store,investment,57074.0625,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['phs'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Reservoir Construction & Infrastructure']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['phs'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -SMR,FOM,5.0,%/year,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR,efficiency,0.76,per unit (in LHV),"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SMR,investment,522201.0492,EUR/MW_CH4,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR,lifetime,30.0,years,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SMR CC,FOM,5.0,%/year,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR CC,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",wide range: capture rates between 54%-90%, -SMR CC,efficiency,0.69,per unit (in LHV),"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SMR CC,investment,605753.2171,EUR/MW_CH4,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR CC,lifetime,30.0,years,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SOEC,FOM,4.0,%/year,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,US-based assumptions for a Conservative cost scenario,2022.0 -SOEC,electricity-input,1.205,MWh_el/MWh_H2,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,, -SOEC,investment,2301.3915,USD/kW,"ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions, https://theicct.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/fuels-eu-cost-renew-H-produced-onsite-H-refueling-stations-europe-feb22.pdf adjusted according to DOE observations https://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/docs/hydrogenprogramlibraries/pdfs/24005-clean-hydrogen-production-cost-pem-electrolyzer.pdf?sfvrsn=8cb10889_1#:~:text=This%20Record%20shows%20that%20the,factors%20of%2050%2D75%25",US-based assumptions for a Conservative cost scenario,2022.0 -SOEC,lifetime,30.0,years,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,, -Sand-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Sand-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Sand-charger,investment,148408.4164,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Sand-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,efficiency,0.53,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,investment,593633.6658,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Sand-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['sand'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Sand-store,investment,7357.7979,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.100 (p.122)","{'carrier': ['sand'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -Sand-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['sand'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Steam methane reforming,FOM,3.0,%/year,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW).,2015.0 -Steam methane reforming,investment,497454.611,EUR/MW_H2,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW). Currency conversion 1.17 USD = 1 EUR.,2015.0 -Steam methane reforming,lifetime,30.0,years,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW).,2015.0 -Steam methane reforming,methane-input,1.483,MWh_CH4/MWh_H2,"Keipi et al (2018): Economic analysis of hydrogen production by methane thermal decomposition (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2017.12.063), table 2.","Large scale SMR plant producing 2.5 kg/s H2 output (assuming 33.3333 MWh/t H2 LHV), with 6.9 kg/s CH4 input (feedstock) and 2 kg/s CH4 input (energy). Neglecting water consumption.", -"Tank&bulk, diesel",efficiency,0.462,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, diesel",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, diesel",investment,35129312.4041,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, diesel",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, diesel",lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, diesel",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, methanol",efficiency,0.4695,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, methanol",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, methanol",investment,38642243.6445,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, methanol",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, methanol",lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, methanol",2023.0 -"Tankbulk, ammonia",efficiency,0.471,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tankbulk, ammonia",2023.0 -"Tankbulk, ammonia",investment,42155174.885,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tankbulk, ammonia",2023.0 -"Tankbulk, ammonia",lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tankbulk, ammonia",2023.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,FOM,2.4212,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,efficiency,0.8062,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.65^0.5']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,investment,139486.6307,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-store,FOM,0.234,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['vanadium'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-store,investment,287843.5219,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['vanadium'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-store,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['vanadium'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,FOM,2.4395,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,efficiency,0.7937,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.25 ","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['(0.63)^0.5 efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,investment,129023.0526,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,lifetime,25.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-store,FOM,0.1773,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-store,investment,184643.5101,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.48 (p.70) text below Table 4.12","{'carrier': ['znair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-store,lifetime,25.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['znair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,FOM,2.2974,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,efficiency,0.8307,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.25 ","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['(0.69)^0.5 efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,investment,107925.4668,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,lifetime,10.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.27","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-store,FOM,0.2713,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znbrflow'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-store,investment,444465.2527,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['znbrflow'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-store,lifetime,10.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.27","{'carrier': ['znbrflow'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,FOM,2.4395,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,efficiency,0.8888,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.25","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': [' (0.79)^0.5 efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,investment,129023.0526,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,FOM,0.2362,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,investment,258047.096,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -air separation unit,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -air separation unit,electricity-input,0.25,MWh_el/t_N2,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), p.288.","For consistency reasons use value from Danish Energy Agency. DEA also reports range of values (0.2-0.4 MWh/t_N2) on pg. 288. Other efficienices reported are even higher, e.g. 0.11 Mwh/t_N2 from Morgan (2013): Techno-Economic Feasibility Study of Ammonia Plants Powered by Offshore Wind .", -air separation unit,investment,836160.1998,EUR/t_N2/h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 -air separation unit,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -allam,VOM,2.0,EUR/MWh,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -allam,efficiency,0.6,p.u.,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -allam,investment,1500.0,EUR/kW,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -allam,lifetime,30.0,years,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,FOM,5.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.99,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",CO2 volume captured / (Stream flowrate * Max. capacity utilization * CO2 in exhaust * 8760),2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.1,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,investment,929753.03,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 41 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 389000 t/year",2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -battery inverter,FOM,0.2025,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -battery inverter,efficiency,0.95,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2020.0 -battery inverter,investment,283.5733,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2020.0 -battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -battery storage,investment,236.7837,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2020.0 -battery storage,lifetime,19.1667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,FOM,100.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,VOM,480.1251,EUR/MWh_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-biochar,1.0,MWh_biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency biochar",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-heat,3.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency heat",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,investment,480125.1,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.144,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0 -biodiesel crops,fuel,116.9293,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIORPS1 (rape seed), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -bioethanol crops,CO2 intensity,0.1289,tCO2/MWh_th,,"CO2 released during fermentation of bioethanol crops, based on stochiometric composition: C6H12O6 -> 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2 , i.e. 1 kg ethanol → ~0.956 kg CO₂ (from fermentation) → 0.1289 tCO₂/MWh (with LHV = 26.7 MJ/kg).", -bioethanol crops,fuel,72.2943,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOCRP11 (Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -biogas,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 -biogas,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biogas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, -biogas,fuel,62.4351,EUR/MWhth,JRC and Zappa, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biogas,investment,988.4715,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 -biogas,lifetime,20.8333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biogas CC,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas CC,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 -biogas CC,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biogas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, -biogas CC,investment,988.4715,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 -biogas CC,lifetime,20.8333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biogas manure,fuel,19.8126,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOGAS1 (manure), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,FOM,21.23,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,VOM,4.0232,EUR/MWh_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Variable O&M,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,investment,1069.7804,EUR/kW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Specific investment,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -biogas upgrading,FOM,17.0397,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Fixed O&M ",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,VOM,4.0135,EUR/MWh output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Variable O&M",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,investment,186.1165,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: investment (upgrading, methane redution and grid injection)",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,lifetime,20.8333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biomass,FOM,4.5269,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,efficiency,0.468,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,fuel,7.4076,EUR/MWhth,IEA2011b, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,investment,2337.6116,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,lifetime,30.0,years,ECF2010 in DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass CHP,FOM,3.5554,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass CHP,VOM,2.3126,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -biomass CHP,c_b,0.4805,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -biomass CHP,efficiency,0.2945,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.6694,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass CHP,investment,3685.7401,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -biomass CHP,lifetime,24.1667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,capture_rate,0.915,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-electricity-input,0.0983,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-heat-output,0.1583,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,electricity-input,0.0292,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-input,0.8142,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-output,0.8142,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,investment,3216666.6667,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass EOP,FOM,3.5554,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass EOP,VOM,2.3126,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -biomass EOP,c_b,0.4805,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -biomass EOP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -biomass EOP,efficiency,0.2945,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass EOP,efficiency-heat,0.6694,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass EOP,investment,3685.7401,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -biomass EOP,lifetime,24.1667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass HOP,FOM,5.6652,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Fixed O&M, heat output",2015.0 -biomass HOP,VOM,2.5408,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Variable O&M heat output,2015.0 -biomass HOP,efficiency,1.0069,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass HOP,investment,964.1616,EUR/kW_th - heat output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Nominal investment ,2015.0 -biomass HOP,lifetime,24.1667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -biomass boiler,FOM,6.9112,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass boiler,efficiency,0.8175,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -biomass boiler,investment,778.3874,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Specific investment",2015.0 -biomass boiler,lifetime,19.1667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass boiler,pelletizing cost,9.0,EUR/MWh_pellets,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.109506,,2019.0 -biomass-to-methanol,C in fuel,0.4772,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,C stored,0.5228,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,CO2 stored,0.1917,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,FOM,5.064,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,VOM,18.2766,EUR/MWh_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Variable O&M,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency,0.705,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Methanol Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-electricity,0.225,MWh_e/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Electricity Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-heat,0.3917,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: District heat Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,investment,4872.1737,EUR/kW_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Specific investment,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,FOM,14.18,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",123.67 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘BF-BOF’.,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,coal-input,1.43,MWh_coal/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15). ","Based on process ‘Avg BF-BOF` using 195 kg_PCI/t_HM (PCI = Pulverized Coal Injected; HM = Hot Metal) as substitute for coke, 24 MJ/kg as LHV for coal and 1 : 1.1 as HM-to-steel ratio.",2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15).",,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,investment,7637406.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",871.85 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘Avg BF-BOF’.,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15).",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,ore-input,1.539,t_ore/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",Based on process ‘Avg BF-BOF`,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,scrap-input,0.051,t_scrap/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",Based on process ‘Avg BF-BOF`,2020.0 -cement capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,capture_rate,0.915,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,compression-electricity-input,0.0983,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,compression-heat-output,0.1583,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,electricity-input,0.0243,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,heat-input,0.8142,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,heat-output,1.6333,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,investment,2900000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,FOM,7.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",CO2 volume captured / (Stream flowrate * Max. capacity utilization * CO2 in exhaust * 8760),2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,investment,2587727.173,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 247 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 842000 t/year",2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement dry clinker,FOM,4.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,VOM,5.2911,EUR/t_clinker,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,electricity-input,0.0694,MWh_el/t_clinker,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original values 0.25 PJ per Mt clinker,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,gas-input,0.0002,MWh_NG/t_clinker,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original values 0.0058 PJ per Mt clinker,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,heat-input,0.9444,MWh_th/t_CO2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original values 3.4 PJ per Mt clinker,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,investment,1158752.6816,EUR/t_clinker/h,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original value 125 EUR/t/year,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,lifetime,30.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement finishing,FOM,30.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement finishing,VOM,3.1747,EUR/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement finishing,clinker-input,0.656,t_cl/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND_Trans.xlsx`, Sheet `IND_Trans` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer),2015.0 -cement finishing,electricity-input,0.1736,MWh_el/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND_Trans.xlsx`, Sheet `IND_Trans` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer) with original value 0.6251 PJ per Mt cement.,2015.0 -cement finishing,investment,92700.2145,EUR/t_cement/h,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original value 10 EUR/t/year,2015.0 -cement finishing,lifetime,25.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer),2015.0 -cement finishing,slag-input,0.194,t_slag/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND_Trans.xlsx`, Sheet `IND_Trans` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer),2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.2426,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.3175,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.0833,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Total efficiency, net, name plate",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,investment,1090.6745,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,23.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central coal CHP,FOM,1.6316,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central coal CHP,VOM,3.0376,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central coal CHP,c_b,0.84,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -central coal CHP,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cv coefficient,2015.0 -central coal CHP,efficiency,0.4933,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","01 Coal CHP: Electricity efficiency, condensation mode, net",2015.0 -central coal CHP,investment,1990.14,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central coal CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.3504,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.9612,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,efficiency,5.1,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,investment,755.0823,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,lifetime,23.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas CHP,FOM,3.0395,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP,VOM,4.762,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP,c_b,1.0,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central gas CHP,c_v,0.17,per unit,DEA (loss of fuel for additional heat), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central gas CHP,efficiency,0.3967,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central gas CHP,investment,670.207,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central gas CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,FOM,3.0395,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,VOM,4.762,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,c_b,1.0,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,efficiency,0.3967,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,investment,670.207,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas boiler,FOM,2.2273,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central gas boiler,VOM,1.3581,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central gas boiler,efficiency,1.015,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","44 Natural Gas DH Only: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central gas boiler,investment,97.0036,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central gas boiler,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,FOM,0.7836,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,VOM,4.8612,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,investment,3164.5137,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.3591,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,VOM,0.9189,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,1.7083,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,investment,638.4604,EUR/kW_th excluding drive energy,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,23.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,FOM,4.9324,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,efficiency,0.4933,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,investment,1305.14,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central resistive heater,FOM,1.2212,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central resistive heater,VOM,0.97,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central resistive heater,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","41 Electric Boilers: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central resistive heater,investment,91.7125,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Nominal investment; 10/15 kV; >10 MW,2015.0 -central resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central solar thermal,FOM,1.4,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solar thermal,investment,148151.0278,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,FOM,2.8537,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,VOM,5.0563,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,c_b,0.3721,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency,0.2641,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7679,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,investment,3881.3327,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,lifetime,24.1667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,FOM,2.8537,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,VOM,5.0563,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_b,0.3721,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency,0.2641,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.7679,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,investment,5906.3721,EUR/kW_e,Combination of central solid biomass CHP CC and solid biomass boiler steam,,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,lifetime,24.1667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,FOM,2.8537,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,VOM,5.0563,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_b,0.3721,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency,0.2641,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency-heat,0.7679,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,investment,3881.3327,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,lifetime,24.1667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central water pit charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2020.0 -central water pit discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2020.0 -central water pit storage,Bottom storage temperature,35.0,⁰C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Typical bottom storage temperature,2020.0 -central water pit storage,FOM,0.2354,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -central water pit storage,Top storage temperature,90.0,⁰C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Typical max. storage temperature,2020.0 -central water pit storage,energy to power ratio,77.1429,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2020.0 -central water pit storage,investment,1.0622,EUR/kWh Capacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Specific investment,2020.0 -central water pit storage,lifetime,21.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -central water pit storage,standing losses,0.0081,%/hour,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Energy losses during storage,2020.0 -central water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2020.0 -central water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2020.0 -central water tank storage,FOM,1.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central water tank storage,energy to power ratio,60.101,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2020.0 -central water tank storage,investment,3.8929,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Specific investment,2020.0 -central water tank storage,lifetime,38.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -central water tank storage,standing losses,0.0081,%/hour,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Energy losses during storage,2020.0 -central water tank storage,temperature difference,55.8333,"hot/cold, K","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Typical temperature difference,2020.0 -clean water tank storage,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0 -clean water tank storage,investment,69.1286,EUR/m^3-H2O,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0 -clean water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",, -coal,CO2 intensity,0.3361,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid-Emissionen des deutschen Strommix in den Jahren 1990 - 2018,, -coal,FOM,1.31,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100.",2023.0 -coal,VOM,3.2612,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3+5.5)USD/MWh_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR).",2023.0 -coal,efficiency,0.356,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. 1 / ((8.75+12) MMbtu/MWh_th /2 / (3.4095 MMbtu/MWh_th)), rounded up.",2023.0 -coal,fuel,9.5542,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on IEA 2011 data, 99 USD/t.",2010.0 -coal,investment,3827.1629,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Higher costs include coal plants with CCS, but since using here for calculating the average nevertheless. Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3200+6775) USD/kW_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR).",2023.0 -coal,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 -csp-tower,FOM,1.05,%/year,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power),Ratio between CAPEX and FOM from ATB database for “moderate” scenario.,2020.0 -csp-tower,investment,134.165,"EUR/kW_th,dp",ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include solar field and solar tower as well as EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant). Total costs (223,708,924 USD) are divided by active area (heliostat reflective area, 1,269,054 m2) and multiplied by design point DNI (0.95 kW/m2) to obtain EUR/kW_th. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR.",2020.0 -csp-tower,lifetime,30.0,years,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power),-,2020.0 -csp-tower TES,FOM,1.05,%/year,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -csp-tower TES,investment,17.975,EUR/kWh_th,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include the TES incl. EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant, 2.791 MW_th TES). Total costs (69390776.7 USD) are divided by TES size to obtain EUR/kW_th. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR.",2020.0 -csp-tower TES,lifetime,30.0,years,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -csp-tower power block,FOM,1.05,%/year,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -csp-tower power block,investment,939.87,EUR/kW_e,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include the power cycle incl. BOP and EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant). Total costs (135185685.5 USD) are divided by power block nameplate capacity size to obtain EUR/kW_e. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR.",2020.0 -csp-tower power block,lifetime,30.0,years,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -decentral CHP,FOM,3.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral CHP,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral CHP,investment,1481.5103,EUR/kWel,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,FOM,2.8562,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.3 Air to water existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,960.5396,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,17.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,FOM,6.3309,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,efficiency,0.9717,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","202 Natural gas boiler: Total efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,investment,244.063,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,lifetime,19.1667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler connection,investment,158.7642,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Possible additional specific investment,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler connection,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,1.8518,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.7667,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.7 Ground source existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,1481.5103,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,19.1667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,FOM,2.0,%/year,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,investment,165.0975,EUR/kWth,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf) (+eigene Berechnung), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,FOM,2.0,%/year,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,investment,105.8222,EUR/kWhth,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,FOM,1.3,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,investment,285719.8393,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2020.0 -decentral water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,FOM,1.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,VOM,0.8022,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Variable O&M,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,energy to power ratio,0.2429,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,investment,372.073,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Specific investment,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,lifetime,27.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,standing losses,1.9167,%/hour,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Energy losses during storage,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,temperature difference,35.0,"hot/cold, K","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Typical temperature difference,2020.0 -digestible biomass,fuel,17.0611,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOAGRW1, ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0 -digestible biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -digestible biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -digestible biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.39,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, -digestible biomass to hydrogen,investment,3972.2994,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -direct air capture,FOM,4.95,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,compression-electricity-input,0.15,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,compression-heat-output,0.2,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,electricity-input,0.4,MWh_el/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","0.4 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 0.182 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019). Should already include electricity for water scrubbing and compression (high quality CO2 output).",2020.0 -direct air capture,heat-input,1.6,MWh_th/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","Thermal energy demand. Provided via air-sourced heat pumps. 1.6 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 1.102 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019).",2020.0 -direct air capture,heat-output,1.2083,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,investment,7000000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct firing gas,FOM,1.1818,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas,VOM,0.2841,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing gas,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing gas,lifetime,14.1667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,FOM,1.1818,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,VOM,0.2841,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,lifetime,14.1667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,FOM,1.5227,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,VOM,0.3288,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,lifetime,14.1667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,FOM,1.5227,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,VOM,0.3288,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,lifetime,14.1667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Based on https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/capesize-freight-returns-below-operating-expense-levels-but-shipowners-reject-lay-ups/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","5000 USD/d OPEX, exchange rate: 1.15 USD = 1 EUR; absolute value calculate relative to investment cost.",2020.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,capacity,180000.0,t,-,"DWT; corresponds to size of Capesize bulk carriers which have previously docked at the habour in Hamburg, Germany. Short of 200 kt limit for VLBCs.",2020.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,investment,40000000.0,EUR,"Based on https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/dry-bulk-carriers-in-high-demand-as-rates-keep-rallying/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","See figure for ‘Dry Bulk Newbuild Prices’, Capesize at end of 2020. Exchange rate: 1.15 USD = 1 EUR.",2020.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,lifetime,25.0,years,"Based on https://mfame.guru/fall-life-expectancy-bulk-carriers/, accessed: 2022-12-03.",Expected lifetime.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,FOM,30.0,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","EAF has high OPEX of 62.99 EUR/year/t_steel, presumably because of electrode corrosion.",2020.0 -electric arc furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,electricity-input,0.6395,MWh_el/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘EAF’. ,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,hbi-input,1.0,t_hbi/t_steel,-,Assume HBI instead of scrap as input.Scrap would require higher input (in tonnes) as steel content is lower.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,investment,1839600.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",210 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘EAF’.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,FOM,30.0,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","EAF has high OPEX of 62.99 EUR/year/t_steel, presumably because of electrode corrosion.",2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,electricity-input,0.6395,MWh_el/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘EAF’. ,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,hbi-input,0.37,t_hbi/t_steel,"World Steel Association, Fact Sheet – Steel and raw materials: https://worldsteel.org/wp-content/uploads/Fact-sheet-raw-materials-2023-1.pdf, Accessed 2024-04-17.",Assume HBI instead of scrap as input.Scrap would require higher input (in tonnes) as steel content is lower.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,investment,1839600.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",210 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘EAF’.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,scrap-input,0.71,t_scrap/t_steel,"World Steel Association, Fact Sheet – Steel and raw materials: https://worldsteel.org/wp-content/uploads/Fact-sheet-raw-materials-2023-1.pdf, Accessed 2024-04-17.",,2020.0 -electric boiler steam,FOM,1.334,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Fixed O&M,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,VOM,0.8568,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Variable O&M,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,efficiency,0.9883,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","310.1 Electric boiler steam : Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -electric boiler steam,investment,78.8817,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Nominal investment,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,lifetime,24.1667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Technical lifetime,2019.0 -electric steam cracker,FOM,3.0,%/year,Guesstimate,,2015.0 -electric steam cracker,VOM,190.4799,EUR/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",,2015.0 -electric steam cracker,carbondioxide-output,0.55,t_CO2/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), ",The report also references another source with 0.76 t_CO2/t_HVC, -electric steam cracker,electricity-input,2.7,MWh_el/t_HVC,"Lechtenböhmer et al. (2016): 10.1016/j.energy.2016.07.110, Section 4.3, page 6.",Assuming electrified processing., -electric steam cracker,investment,11124025.7434,EUR/(t_HVC/h),"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",Assuming CAPEX of 1200 €/t actually given in €/(t/a).,2015.0 -electric steam cracker,lifetime,30.0,years,Guesstimate,, -electric steam cracker,naphtha-input,14.8,MWh_naphtha/t_HVC,"Lechtenböhmer et al. (2016): 10.1016/j.energy.2016.07.110, Section 4.3, page 6.",, -electricity distribution grid,FOM,2.0,%/year,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity distribution grid,investment,529.1108,EUR/kW,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity distribution grid,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity grid connection,FOM,2.0,%/year,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity grid connection,investment,148.151,EUR/kW,DEA, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity grid connection,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electrobiofuels,C in fuel,0.9257,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,FOM,7.5267,%/year,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2015.0 -electrobiofuels,VOM,4.5994,EUR/MWh_th,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2017.0 -electrobiofuels,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -electrobiofuels,efficiency-biomass,1.32,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,efficiency-hydrogen,1.1951,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,efficiency-tot,0.6272,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,investment,512440.2631,EUR/kW_th,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2017.0 -electrolysis,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 -electrolysis,efficiency,0.6003,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 -electrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.2485,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 -electrolysis,investment,1800.0,EUR/kW_e,private communications; IEA https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/9e0c82d4-06d2-496b-9542-f184ba803645/TheRoleofE-fuelsinDecarbonisingTransport.pdf,,2020.0 -electrolysis,lifetime,25.8333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -electrolysis small,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 -electrolysis small,efficiency,0.6003,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 -electrolysis small,efficiency-heat,0.2485,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 -electrolysis small,investment,1645.8333,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Specific investment,2020.0 -electrolysis small,lifetime,25.8333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Technical lifetime of plant,2020.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,FOM,7.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.94,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.12,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,investment,928559.735,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 36 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 342000 t/year",2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol from starch crop,FOM,15.2,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original values FIXOM in MEUR/GW divided by INVCOST for the corresponding year",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,VOM,26.3497,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value 6.93 MEUR/PJ VAROM",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,efficiency,0.58,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production. Converted from 0.35 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,investment,650509.9986,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for USA and European production,2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,FOM,18.09,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original values FIXOM in MEUR/GW divided by INVCOST for the corresponding year",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,VOM,23.1751,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production, original value 6.09 MEUR/PJ VAROM",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,efficiency,0.45,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production. Converted from 0.292 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,investment,481416.7648,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for Brazilian production,2015.0 -fuel cell,FOM,4.9324,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -fuel cell,efficiency,0.4933,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -fuel cell,investment,1305.14,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -fuelwood,fuel,15.261,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOO (FuelwoodRW), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -gas,CO2 intensity,0.198,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 50 GJ/t CH4,, -gas,fuel,24.568,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -gas boiler steam,FOM,3.6771,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,VOM,1.0909,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.915,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -gas boiler steam,investment,53.4015,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -gas storage,FOM,0.5368,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",150 Underground Storage of Gas: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -gas storage,investment,0.2366,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",150 Underground Storage of Gas: Specific investment,2020.0 -gas storage,lifetime,100.0,years,TODO no source,"150 Underground Storage of Gas: estimation: most underground storage are already built, they do have a long lifetime",2020.0 -gas storage charger,investment,15.2479,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",,2020.0 -gas storage discharger,investment,5.0826,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",,2020.0 -geothermal,CO2 intensity,0.12,tCO2/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",Likely to be improved; Average of 85 percent of global egs power plant capacity; Result of fluid circulation through rock formations,2020.0 -geothermal,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",See Supplemental Material of source for details,2020.0 -geothermal,district heat surcharge,25.0,%,Frey et al. 2022: Techno-Economic Assessment of Geothermal Resources in the Variscan Basement of the Northern Upper Rhine Graben,"If capital cost of electric generation from EGS is 100%, district heating adds additional 25%. Costs incurred by piping.",2020.0 -geothermal,district heat-input,0.8,MWh_thdh/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, District Heat-output. This is an assessment of typical heat losses when heat is transmitted from the EGS plant to the DH network, This is a rough estimate, depends on local conditions",2020.0 -geothermal,lifetime,30.0,years,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",,2020.0 -helmeth,FOM,3.0,%/year,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -helmeth,efficiency,0.8,per unit,HELMETH press release, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -helmeth,investment,2116.4433,EUR/kW,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -helmeth,lifetime,25.0,years,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -home battery inverter,FOM,0.2025,%/year,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -home battery inverter,efficiency,0.95,per unit,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2020.0 -home battery inverter,investment,400.4305,EUR/kW,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2020.0 -home battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -home battery storage,investment,335.2608,EUR/kWh,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2020.0 -home battery storage,lifetime,19.1667,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -hydro,FOM,1.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -hydro,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -hydro,investment,2274.8177,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 -hydro,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,FOM,11.3,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","55.28 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ OPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15).",,2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,electricity-input,1.03,MWh_el/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ reduced by electricity demand of process ‘EAF’.,2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,hydrogen-input,2.1,MWh_H2/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2022-12-05). ","63 kg H2/t steel for process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ according to documentation (raw input files for MPP model list 73 kg H2 / t steel, which seems to high and is probably incorrect).",2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,investment,4277858.0,EUR/t_HBI/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","488.34 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ CAPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,ore-input,1.59,t_ore/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03). ",Based on process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’.,2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,compression-electricity-input,0.05,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.",1.707 kWh/kg.,2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,investment,87.69,EUR/kW_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.","2923 EUR/kg_H2. For a 206 kg/h compressor. Base CAPEX 40 528 EUR/kW_el with scale factor 0.4603. kg_H2 converted to MWh using LHV. Pressure range: 30 bar in, 250 bar out.",2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,lifetime,15.0,years,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,investment,13.5,EUR/kWh_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.","450 EUR/kg_H2 converted with LHV to MWh. For a type 1 hydrogen storage tank (steel, 15-250 bar). Currency year assumed 2020 for initial publication of reference; observe note in SI.4.3 that no currency year is explicitly stated in the reference.",2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,lifetime,20.0,years,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,min_fill_level,6.0,%,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,FOM,1.0773,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,investment,56.759,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Specific investment,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,lifetime,25.8333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,FOM,0.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,VOM,0.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Variable O&M,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,investment,2.8357,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Specific investment,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,lifetime,100.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,FOM,0.0918,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,VOM,3.2593,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Variable O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,efficiency,2.9667,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,investment,1018.2784,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Nominal investment,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,lifetime,19.1667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,FOM,0.1102,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,VOM,3.2593,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Variable O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,efficiency,2.55,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,investment,848.5653,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,lifetime,19.1667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -iron ore DRI-ready,commodity,97.73,EUR/t,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://missionpossiblepartnership.org/action-sectors/steel/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","DRI ready assumes 65% iron content, requiring no additional benefication.",2020.0 -iron-air battery,FOM,1.0219,%/year,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery,investment,25.1342,EUR/kWh,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery,lifetime,17.5,years,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery charge,efficiency,0.7,per unit,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery discharge,efficiency,0.59,per unit,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -lignite,CO2 intensity,0.4069,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid-Emissionen des deutschen Strommix in den Jahren 1990 - 2018,, -lignite,FOM,1.31,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,VOM,3.2612,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3+5.5)USD/MWh_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR). Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,efficiency,0.33,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. 1 / ((8.75+12) MMbtu/MWh_th /2 / (3.4095 MMbtu/MWh_th)), rounded up. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,fuel,3.2985,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on IEA 2011 data, 10 USD/t.",2010.0 -lignite,investment,3827.1629,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Higher costs include coal plants with CCS, but since using here for calculating the average nevertheless. Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3200+6775) USD/kW_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR). Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf .",2023.0 -lignite,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -methanation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.2.3.1",,2017.0 -methanation,carbondioxide-input,0.198,t_CO2/MWh_CH4,"Götz et al. (2016): Renewable Power-to-Gas: A technological and economic review (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2015.07.066), Fig. 11 .",Additional H2 required for methanation process (2x H2 amount compared to stochiometric conversion)., -methanation,efficiency,0.8,per unit,Palzer and Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -methanation,hydrogen-input,1.282,MWh_H2/MWh_CH4,,Based on ideal conversion process of stochiometric composition (1 t CH4 contains 750 kg of carbon)., -methanation,investment,728.6739,EUR/kW_CH4,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 6: “Reference scenario”.",,2017.0 -methanation,lifetime,20.0,years,Guesstimate.,"Based on lifetime for methanolisation, Fischer-Tropsch plants.",2017.0 -methane storage tank incl. compressor,FOM,1.9,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor by DEA.",Based on assumptions for hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor (by DEA).,2014.0 -methane storage tank incl. compressor,investment,8961.5075,EUR/m^3,Storage costs per l: https://www.compositesworld.com/articles/pressure-vessels-for-alternative-fuels-2014-2023 (2021-02-10).,"Assume 5USD/l (= 4.23 EUR/l at 1.17 USD/EUR exchange rate) for type 1 pressure vessel for 200 bar storage and 100% surplus costs for including compressor costs with storage, based on similar assumptions by DEA for compressed hydrogen storage tanks.",2014.0 -methane storage tank incl. compressor,lifetime,30.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor by DEA.",Based on assumptions for hydrogen storage tank 1 including compressor (by DEA).,2014.0 -methanol,CO2 intensity,0.2482,tCO2/MWh_th,,, -methanol-to-kerosene,FOM,4.5,%/year,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",,2020.0 -methanol-to-kerosene,VOM,1.35,EUR/MWh_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",,2020.0 -methanol-to-kerosene,hydrogen-input,0.0279,MWh_H2/MWh_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 6.","Assuming LHV 11.94 kWh/kg for kerosene, 5.54 kWh/kg for methanol, 33.3 kWh/kg for hydrogen.", -methanol-to-kerosene,investment,288000.0,EUR/MW_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",,2020.0 -methanol-to-kerosene,lifetime,30.0,years,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",, -methanol-to-kerosene,methanol-input,1.0764,MWh_MeOH/MWh_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 6.","Assuming LHV 11.94 kWh/kg for kerosene, 5.54 kWh/kg for methanol, 33.3 kWh/kg for hydrogen.", -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,FOM,3.0,%/year,Guesstimate,same as steam cracker,2015.0 -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,VOM,31.7466,EUR/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35", ,2015.0 -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,carbondioxide-output,0.6107,t_CO2/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Sections 4.5 (for ethylene and propylene) and 4.6 (for BTX)","Weighted average: 0.4 t_MeOH/t_ethylene+propylene for 21.7 Mt of ethylene and 17 Mt of propylene, 1.13 t_CO2/t_BTX for 15.7 Mt of BTX. The report also references process emissions of 0.55 t_MeOH/t_ethylene+propylene elsewhere. ", -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,electricity-input,1.3889,MWh_el/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), page 69",5 GJ/t_HVC , -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,investment,2781006.4359,EUR/(t_HVC/h),"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",Assuming CAPEX of 1200 €/t actually given in €/(t/a).,2015.0 -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,lifetime,30.0,years,Guesstimate,same as steam cracker, -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,methanol-input,18.03,MWh_MeOH/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Sections 4.5 (for ethylene and propylene) and 4.6 (for BTX)","Weighted average: 2.83 t_MeOH/t_ethylene+propylene for 21.7 Mt of ethylene and 17 Mt of propylene, 4.2 t_MeOH/t_BTX for 15.7 Mt of BTX. Assuming 5.54 MWh_MeOH/t_MeOH. ", -methanolisation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.1.",,2017.0 -methanolisation,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -methanolisation,carbondioxide-input,0.248,t_CO2/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 66.",, -methanolisation,electricity-input,0.271,MWh_e/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 65.",, -methanolisation,heat-output,0.1,MWh_th/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 65.",steam generation of 2 GJ/t_MeOH, -methanolisation,hydrogen-input,1.138,MWh_H2/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 64.",189 kg_H2 per t_MeOH, -methanolisation,investment,761417.4621,EUR/MW_MeOH,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 8: “Reference scenario”.","Well developed technology, no significant learning expected.",2017.0 -methanolisation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (04/2022), Data sheet “Methanol to Power”.",,2017.0 -micro CHP,FOM,6.7606,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -micro CHP,efficiency,0.3442,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Electric efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -micro CHP,efficiency-heat,0.6007,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -micro CHP,investment,10453.4411,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 -micro CHP,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,FOM,11.3,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,gas-input,2.78,MWh_NG/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",Original value 10 GJ/t_DRI.,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,investment,4277858.0,EUR/t_HBI/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.","488.34 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ CAPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,ore-input,1.59,t_ore/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",, -nuclear,FOM,1.27,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (131.5+152.75)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) relative to investment costs.",2023.0 -nuclear,VOM,3.5464,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (4.25+5)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 -nuclear,efficiency,0.326,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on heat rate of 10.45 MMBtu/MWh_e and 3.4095 MMBtu/MWh_th, i.e. 1/(10.45/3.4095) = 0.3260.",2023.0 -nuclear,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -nuclear,investment,8594.1354,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (8475+13925)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 -nuclear,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 -offwind,FOM,2.6209,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Fixed O&M [EUR/MW_e/y, 2020]",2020.0 -offwind,VOM,0.0212,EUR/MWhel,RES costs made up to fix curtailment order, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind,investment,1904.5962,"EUR/kW_e, 2020","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Nominal investment [MEUR/MW_e, 2020] grid connection costs subtracted from investment costs",2020.0 -offwind,lifetime,26.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2841.3251,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,1420.1334,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-ac-station,investment,264.5554,EUR/kWel,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2116.4433,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,1058.2216,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017; average + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-station,investment,423.2887,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017; assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-float,FOM,1.15,%/year,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0 -offwind-float,investment,2350.0,EUR/kWel,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0 -offwind-float,lifetime,20.0,years,C. Maienza 2020 A life cycle cost model for floating offshore wind farms,,2020.0 -offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2118.5597,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf,,2014.0 -offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,1039.4778,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017, average + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 -offwind-float-station,investment,415.7911,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017, assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 -oil,CO2 intensity,0.2571,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 44 GJ/t diesel and -CH2- approximation of diesel,, -oil,FOM,2.421,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -oil,VOM,6.7903,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0 -oil,efficiency,0.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","50 Diesel engine farm: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -oil,fuel,52.9111,EUR/MWhth,IEA WEM2017 97USD/boe = http://www.iea.org/media/weowebsite/2017/WEM_Documentation_WEO2017.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -oil,investment,379.5135,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Specific investment,2015.0 -oil,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -onwind,FOM,1.2318,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -onwind,VOM,1.5799,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Variable O&M,2015.0 -onwind,investment,1197.0669,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Nominal investment ,2015.0 -onwind,lifetime,26.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -organic rankine cycle,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551","Both for flash, binary and ORC plants. See Supplemental Material for details",2020.0 -organic rankine cycle,electricity-input,0.12,MWh_el/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, Electricity-output. This is a rough estimate, depends on input temperature, implies ~150 C.",2020.0 -organic rankine cycle,investment,1376.0,EUR/kW_el,Tartiere and Astolfi 2017: A world overview of the organic Rankine cycle market,"Low rollout complicates the estimation, compounded by a dependence both on plant size and temperature, converted from 1500 USD/kW using currency conversion 1.09 USD = 1 EUR.",2020.0 -organic rankine cycle,lifetime,30.0,years,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",,2020.0 -ror,FOM,2.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -ror,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -ror,investment,3412.2266,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 -ror,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -seawater RO desalination,electricity-input,0.003,MWHh_el/t_H2O,"Caldera et al. (2016): Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Fig. 4.",Desalination using SWRO. Assume medium salinity of 35 Practical Salinity Units (PSUs) = 35 kg/m^3., -seawater desalination,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2015.0 -seawater desalination,electricity-input,3.0348,kWh/m^3-H2O,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Fig. 4.",, -seawater desalination,investment,39056.5182,EUR/(m^3-H2O/h),"Caldera et al 2017: Learning Curve for Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination Plants: Capital Cost Trend of the Past, Present, and Future (https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR021402), Table 4.",,2015.0 -seawater desalination,lifetime,30.0,years,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",, -shipping fuel methanol,CO2 intensity,0.2482,tCO2/MWh_th,-,Based on stochiometric composition.,2020.0 -shipping fuel methanol,fuel,72.0,EUR/MWh_th,"Based on (source 1) Hampp et al (2022), https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.01092, and (source 2): https://www.methanol.org/methanol-price-supply-demand/; both accessed: 2022-12-03.",400 EUR/t assuming range roughly in the long-term range for green methanol (source 1) and late 2020+beyond values for grey methanol (source 2).,2020.0 -solar,FOM,1.5875,%/year,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop' and 50% 'solar-utility',2020.0 -solar,VOM,0.0106,EUR/MWhel,RES costs made up to fix curtailment order, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -solar,investment,767.9507,EUR/kW_e,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop' and 50% 'solar-utility',2020.0 -solar,lifetime,35.8333,years,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop' and 50% 'solar-utility',2020.0 -solar-rooftop,FOM,1.1642,%/year,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop,discount rate,0.04,per unit,standard for decentral, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -solar-rooftop,investment,1000.4459,EUR/kW_e,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop,lifetime,35.8333,years,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,FOM,1.2386,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,investment,824.87,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,lifetime,35.8333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,FOM,1.0898,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,investment,1176.0218,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,lifetime,35.8333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-utility,FOM,2.0107,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-utility,investment,535.4556,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-utility,lifetime,35.8333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,FOM,1.8904,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,investment,620.6719,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,lifetime,35.8333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solid biomass,CO2 intensity,0.3667,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 18 GJ/t_DM LHV and 50% C-content for solid biomass,, -solid biomass,fuel,13.6489,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOOW1 (secondary forest residue wood chips), ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,FOM,5.5744,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,VOM,2.81,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,investment,608.7773,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,lifetime,24.1667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,FOM,5.5744,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,VOM,2.81,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,investment,608.7773,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,lifetime,24.1667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -solid biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -solid biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -solid biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.56,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, -solid biomass to hydrogen,investment,3972.2994,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,FOM,5.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",CO2 volume captured / (Stream flowrate * Max. capacity utilization * CO2 in exhaust * 8760),2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,investment,3561435.753,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 1342 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 3324000 t/year",2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -uranium,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -waste CHP,FOM,2.3839,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -waste CHP,VOM,29.7245,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -waste CHP,c_b,0.2919,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP,efficiency,0.1968,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7529,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP,investment,9114.7824,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -waste CHP,lifetime,24.1667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,FOM,2.3839,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,VOM,29.7245,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,c_b,0.2919,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,efficiency,0.1968,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.7529,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,investment,9114.7824,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,lifetime,24.1667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -water tank charger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -water tank discharger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 diff --git a/ariadne-data/costs/pessimist/costs_2030.csv b/ariadne-data/costs/pessimist/costs_2030.csv deleted file mode 100644 index 1c83b28a9..000000000 --- a/ariadne-data/costs/pessimist/costs_2030.csv +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1238 +0,0 @@ -technology,parameter,value,unit,source,further description,currency_year -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,FOM,2.8,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,VOM,0.2389,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,electricity-input,1.38,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,investment,429.0306,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,lifetime,40.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,FOM,2.3,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,VOM,0.2389,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,electricity-input,1.416,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,investment,506.0332,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,FOM,2.3,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,VOM,0.1934,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,electricity-input,1.41,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,investment,582.922,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW, -Ammonia cracker,FOM,4.3,%/year,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 7.","Estimated based on Labour cost rate, Maintenance cost rate, Insurance rate, Admin. cost rate and Chemical & other consumables cost rate.",2015.0 -Ammonia cracker,ammonia-input,1.46,MWh_NH3/MWh_H2,"ENGIE et al (2020): Ammonia to Green Hydrogen Feasibility Study (https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/880826/HS420_-_Ecuity_-_Ammonia_to_Green_Hydrogen.pdf), Fig. 10.",Assuming a integrated 200t/d cracking and purification facility. Electricity demand (316 MWh per 2186 MWh_LHV H2 output) is assumed to also be ammonia LHV input which seems a fair assumption as the facility has options for a higher degree of integration according to the report)., -Ammonia cracker,investment,1123945.3807,EUR/MW_H2,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 6.",Calculated. For a small (200 t_NH3/d input) facility. Base cost for facility: 51 MEUR at capacity 20 000m^3_NH3/h = 339 t_NH3/d input. Cost scaling exponent 0.67. Ammonia density 0.7069 kg/m^3. Conversion efficiency of cracker: 0.685. Ammonia LHV: 5.167 MWh/t_NH3.; and Calculated. For a large (2500 t_NH3/d input) facility. Base cost for facility: 51 MEUR at capacity 20 000m^3_NH3/h = 339 t_NH3/d input. Cost scaling exponent 0.67. Ammonia density 0.7069 kg/m^3. Conversion efficiency of cracker: 0.685. Ammonia LHV: 5.167 MWh/t_NH3.,2015.0 -Ammonia cracker,lifetime,25.0,years,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 7.",,2015.0 -BEV Bus city,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,Motor size,346.5517,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,efficiency,0.8585,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,investment,222485.6452,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Coach,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,Motor size,358.6207,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,efficiency,0.8446,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,investment,303025.4488,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,Motor size,555.1724,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,efficiency,1.3936,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,investment,151213.8954,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,lifetime,10.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,Motor size,382.7586,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,efficiency,0.8755,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,investment,282418.6749,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,Motor size,710.3448,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,efficiency,1.5446,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,investment,167722.8037,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),FOM,0.9,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),efficiency,0.68,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),investment,24624.0,EUR/PKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (trucks),FOM,15.0,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (trucks),2020.0 -Battery electric (trucks),investment,136400.0,EUR/LKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (trucks),2020.0 -Battery electric (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (trucks),2020.0 -BioSNG,C in fuel,0.351,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,C stored,0.649,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,CO2 stored,0.238,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,FOM,1.4553,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Fixed O&M",2020.0 -BioSNG,VOM,2.6585,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Variable O&M",2020.0 -BioSNG,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -BioSNG,efficiency,0.65,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Bio SNG Output",2020.0 -BioSNG,investment,2693.9467,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Specific investment",2020.0 -BioSNG,lifetime,25.0,years,TODO,"84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -BtL,C in fuel,0.2688,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,C stored,0.7312,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,CO2 stored,0.2681,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,FOM,14.2807,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Fixed O&M",2020.0 -BtL,VOM,1.1787,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Variable O&M",2020.0 -BtL,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -BtL,efficiency,0.3833,per unit,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Electricity Output",2020.0 -BtL,investment,3118.4333,EUR/kW_th,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Specific investment",2017.0 -BtL,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Technical lifetime",2020.0 -CCGT,FOM,3.0979,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -CCGT,VOM,5.5733,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Variable O&M",2015.0 -CCGT,c_b,2.0,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -CCGT,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -CCGT,efficiency,0.5567,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -CCGT,investment,1008.838,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Nominal investment",2015.0 -CCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -CH4 (g) fill compressor station,FOM,1.7,%/year,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0 -CH4 (g) fill compressor station,investment,1654.96,EUR/MW_CH4,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station cost.","Assume same ratio as between H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station, i.e. 1:19 , due to a lack of reliable numbers.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) fill compressor station,lifetime,20.0,years,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,FOM,1.5,%/year,Assume same as for H2 (g) pipeline in 2050 (CH4 pipeline as mature technology).,"Due to lack of numbers, use comparable H2 pipeline assumptions.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,electricity-input,0.01,MW_e/1000km/MW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: 112 6 gas Main distri line.","Assumption for gas pipeline >100MW, 0.1% per station and spacing of 100km yields 1%/1000km. Electric compression.",2015.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,investment,87.22,EUR/MW/km,Guesstimate.,"Based on Arab Gas Pipeline: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Gas_Pipeline: cost = 1.2e9 $-US (year = ?), capacity=10.3e9 m^3/a NG, l=1200km, NG-LHV=39MJ/m^3*90% (also Wikipedia estimate from here https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_of_combustion). Presumed to include booster station cost.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,lifetime,50.0,years,Assume same as for H2 (g) pipeline in 2050 (CH4 pipeline as mature technology).,"Due to lack of numbers, use comparable H2 pipeline assumptions.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,FOM,3.0,%/year,"d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material.",-,2015.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,electricity-input,0.01,MW_e/1000km/MW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: 112 6 gas Main distri line.","Assumption for gas pipeline >100MW, 0.1% per station and spacing of 100km yields 1%/1000km. Electric compression.",2015.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,investment,119.3173,EUR/MW/km,Kaiser (2017): 10.1016/j.marpol.2017.05.003 .,"Based on Gulfstream pipeline costs (430 mi long pipeline for natural gas in deep/shallow waters) of 2.72e6 USD/mi and 1.31 bn ft^3/d capacity (36 in diameter), LHV of methane 13.8888 MWh/t and density of 0.657 kg/m^3 and 1.17 USD:1EUR conversion rate = 102.4 EUR/MW/km. Number is without booster station cost. Estimation of additional cost for booster stations based on H2 (g) pipeline numbers from Guidehouse (2020): European Hydrogen Backbone report and Danish Energy Agency (2021): Technology Data for Energy Transport, were booster stations make ca. 6% of pipeline cost; here add additional 10% for booster stations as they need to be constructed submerged or on plattforms. (102.4*1.1).",2014.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,lifetime,30.0,years,"d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material.",-,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,capacity,58300.0,t_CH4,"Calculated, based on Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",based on 138 000 m^3 capacity and LNG density of 0.4226 t/m^3 .,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,investment,159791465.6831,EUR,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,lifetime,25.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2015.0 -CH4 evaporation,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 evaporation,investment,91.1101,EUR/kW_CH4,"Calculated, based on Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306","based on 100 MUSD-2005/(1 bcm/a), 1 bcm = 10.6 TWh, currency exchange rate: 1.15 USD=1 EUR.",2005.0 -CH4 evaporation,lifetime,30.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,electricity-input,0.036,MWh_el/MWh_CH4,"Pospíšil et al. (2019): Energy demand of liquefaction and regasification of natural gas and the potential of LNG for operative thermal energy storage (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.09.027), Table 2 and Table 3. alternative source 2: https://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/methane (accessed 2021-02-10).","Assuming 0.5 MWh/t_CH4 for refigeration cycle based on Table 2 of source; cleaning of gas presumed unnecessary as it should be nearly pure CH4 (=SNG). Assuming energy required is only electricity which is for Table 3 in the source provided with efficiencies of ~50% of LHV, making the numbers consistent with the numbers in Table 2.", -CH4 liquefaction,investment,241.443,EUR/kW_CH4,"Calculated, based on Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306","based on 265 MUSD-2005/(1 bcm/a), 1 bcm = 10.6 TWh, currency exchange rate: 1.15 USD=1 EUR.",2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,lifetime,25.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,methane-input,1.0,MWh_CH4/MWh_CH4,"Pospíšil et al. (2019): Energy demand of liquefaction and regasification of natural gas and the potential of LNG for operative thermal energy storage (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.09.027), Table 2 and Table 3. alternative source 2: https://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/methane (accessed 2021-02-10).","For refrigeration cycle, cleaning of gas presumed unnecessary as it should be nearly pure CH4 (=SNG). Assuming energy required is only electricity which is for Table 3 in the source provided with efficiencies of ~50% of LHV, making the numbers consistent with the numbers in Table 2.", -CO2 liquefaction,FOM,5.0,%/year,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,,2004.0 -CO2 liquefaction,carbondioxide-input,1.0,t_CO2/t_CO2,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,"Assuming a pure, humid, low-pressure input stream. Neglecting possible gross-effects of CO2 which might be cycled for the cooling process.", -CO2 liquefaction,electricity-input,0.123,MWh_el/t_CO2,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,, -CO2 liquefaction,heat-input,0.0067,MWh_th/t_CO2,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,For drying purposes., -CO2 liquefaction,investment,16.7226,EUR/t_CO2/h,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,"Plant capacity of 20 kt CO2 / d and an uptime of 85%. For a high purity, humid, low pressure input stream, includes drying and compression necessary for liquefaction.",2004.0 -CO2 liquefaction,lifetime,25.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on CH4 liquefaction.",,2004.0 -CO2 pipeline,FOM,0.9,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",,2015.0 -CO2 pipeline,investment,2116.4433,EUR/(tCO2/h)/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",Assuming the 120-500 t CO2/h range that is based on cost of a 12 inch onshore pipeline.,2015.0 -CO2 pipeline,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",,2015.0 -CO2 storage tank,FOM,1.0,%/year,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, pg. 2746 .","Assuming a 3000m^3 pressurised steel cylinder tanks and a CO2 density of 1100 kg/m^3 (close to triple point at -56.6°C and 5.2 bar with max density of 1200kg/m^3 ). Lauri et al. report costs 3x higher per m^3 for steel tanks, which are consistent with other sources. The numbers reported are in rather difficult to pinpoint as systems can greatly vary.",2013.0 -CO2 storage tank,investment,2584.3462,EUR/t_CO2,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, Table 3.","Assuming a 3000m^3 pressurised steel cylinder tanks and a CO2 density of 1100 kg/m^3 (close to triple point at -56.6°C and 5.2 bar with max density of 1200kg/m^3 ). Lauri et al. report costs 3x higher per m^3 for steel tanks, which are consistent with other sources. The numbers reported are in rather difficult to pinpoint as systems can greatly vary.",2013.0 -CO2 storage tank,lifetime,25.0,years,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, pg. 2746 .","Assuming a 3000m^3 pressurised steel cylinder tanks and a CO2 density of 1100 kg/m^3 (close to triple point at -56.6°C and 5.2 bar with max density of 1200kg/m^3 ). Lauri et al. report costs 3x higher per m^3 for steel tanks, which are consistent with other sources. The numbers reported are in rather difficult to pinpoint as systems can greatly vary.",2013.0 -CO2 submarine pipeline,FOM,0.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",,2015.0 -CO2 submarine pipeline,investment,4232.8865,EUR/(tCO2/h)/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",Assuming the 120-500 t CO2/h range that is based on cost of a 12 inch offshore pipeline.,2015.0 -Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,FOM,1.6,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,investment,448894.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,FOM,2.2,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,investment,1787894.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,FOM,2.2,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,investment,1787894.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,FOM,1.8,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,investment,1005.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,FOM,0.9265,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.64 (p.86) Figure 4.14","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,efficiency,0.7211,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.52^0.5']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,investment,946180.9426,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Turbine Compressor BOP EPC Management']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-store,FOM,0.43,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB 4.5.2.1 Fixed O&M p.62 (p.84)","{'carrier': ['pair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-store,investment,5448.7894,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.64 (p.86)","{'carrier': ['pair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Cavern Storage']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['pair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,investment,144192.2682,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,efficiency,0.4343,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,investment,576769.073,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Concrete-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['concrete'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Concrete-store,investment,24044.2324,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['concrete'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -Concrete-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['concrete'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -"Container feeder, ammonia",efficiency,0.7754,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container feeder, ammonia",investment,38462833.2276,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container feeder, ammonia",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container feeder, diesel",efficiency,0.7718,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, diesel",2023.0 -"Container feeder, diesel",investment,34966212.0251,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, diesel",2023.0 -"Container feeder, diesel",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, diesel",2023.0 -"Container feeder, methanol",efficiency,0.7711,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, methanol",2023.0 -"Container feeder, methanol",investment,36802136.8043,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, methanol",2023.0 -"Container feeder, methanol",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, methanol",2023.0 -"Container, ammonia",efficiency,1.7094,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container, ammonia",investment,131618242.0136,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container, ammonia",lifetime,31.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container, diesel",efficiency,1.6399,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, diesel",2023.0 -"Container, diesel",investment,119652947.2851,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, diesel",2023.0 -"Container, diesel",lifetime,32.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, diesel",2023.0 -"Container, methanol",efficiency,1.7001,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, methanol",2023.0 -"Container, methanol",investment,125635594.6493,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, methanol",2023.0 -"Container, methanol",lifetime,32.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, methanol",2023.0 -Diesel Bus city,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,Motor size,250.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,efficiency,2.0824,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,investment,150756.2732,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,Motor size,350.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,efficiency,2.2009,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,investment,231296.0768,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,FOM,0.0005,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,Motor size,380.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,efficiency,3.2963,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,investment,142012.114,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,lifetime,10.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,Motor size,254.1379,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,efficiency,2.1867,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,investment,155444.0931,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,Motor size,382.3529,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,efficiency,3.3031,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,investment,177515.1425,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,Motor size,390.6897,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,VOM,0.0979,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,efficiency,1.5899,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,investment,323056.5642,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Coach,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,Motor size,390.6897,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,efficiency,1.5761,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,investment,356840.1722,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,Motor size,513.7931,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,efficiency,2.548,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,investment,139809.9795,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,lifetime,10.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,Motor size,381.0345,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,efficiency,1.7064,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,investment,255992.8427,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,Motor size,381.0345,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,efficiency,2.8363,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,investment,278063.892,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FT fuel transport ship,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -FT fuel transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_FTfuel,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -FT fuel transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -FT fuel transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.1.",,2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,VOM,4.1473,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",102 Hydrogen to Jet: Variable O&M,2020.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -Fischer-Tropsch,carbondioxide-input,0.326,t_CO2/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","Input per 1t FT liquid fuels output, carbon efficiency increases with years (4.3, 3.9, 3.6, 3.3 t_CO2/t_FT from 2020-2050 with LHV 11.95 MWh_th/t_FT).", -Fischer-Tropsch,efficiency,0.799,per unit,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.2.",,2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,electricity-input,0.007,MWh_el/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","0.005 MWh_el input per FT output, output increasing from 2020 to 2050 (0.65, 0.7, 0.73, 0.75 MWh liquid FT output).", -Fischer-Tropsch,hydrogen-input,1.421,MWh_H2/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","0.995 MWh_H2 per output, output increasing from 2020 to 2050 (0.65, 0.7, 0.73, 0.75 MWh liquid FT output).", -Fischer-Tropsch,investment,703726.4462,EUR/MW_FT,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 8: “Reference scenario”.","Well developed technology, no significant learning expected.",2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (04/2022), Data sheet “Methanol to Power”.",,2017.0 -Gasnetz,FOM,2.5,%,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz,2020.0 -Gasnetz,investment,28.0,EUR/kWGas,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz,2020.0 -Gasnetz,lifetime,30.0,years,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz,2020.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),FOM,6.25,%/year,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , figure 7 and pg. 12 .",Assuming ca. 10 EUR/m^3/a (center value between stand alone and addon facility).,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),investment,137.8999,EUR/m^3,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 8F .",Assumed 20% lower than for product storage. Crude or middle distillate tanks are usually larger compared to product storage due to lower requirements on safety and different construction method. Reference size used here: 80 000 – 120 000 m^3 .,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),lifetime,30.0,years,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 11.",,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),FOM,6.25,%/year,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , figure 7 and pg. 12 .",Assuming ca. 10 EUR/m^3/a (center value between stand alone and addon facility).,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),investment,172.3748,EUR/m^3,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 8F .",Assumed at the higher end for addon facilities/mid-range for stand-alone facilities. Product storage usually smaller due to higher requirements on safety and different construction method. Reference size used here: 40 000 - 60 000 m^3 .,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),lifetime,30.0,years,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 11.",,2012.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.76 (p.98) Sentence 1 in 4.7.2 Operating Costs","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['1.5 percent of capital cost']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,efficiency,0.9274,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.36","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.86^0.5']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,investment,415570.5177,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 0% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,lifetime,41.7,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.36","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-store,investment,157381.7274,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 15% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['gravity'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Gravitational Capital (SB+BOS)']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-store,lifetime,41.7,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.36","{'carrier': ['gravity'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.76 (p.98) Sentence 1 in 4.7.2 Operating Costs","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['1.5 percent of capital cost']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,efficiency,0.9014,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level ((0.785+0.84)/2)^0.5']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,investment,365630.713,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 0% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-store,investment,121755.0274,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 15% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['gravitywa'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Gravitational Capital (SB+BOS)']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['gravitywa'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.76 (p.98) Sentence 1 in 4.7.2 Operating Costs","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['1.5 percent of capital cost']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,efficiency,0.9014,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level ((0.785+0.84)/2)^0.5']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,investment,905158.9602,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 0% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-store,investment,95982.5211,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 15% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['gravitywu'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Gravitational Capital (SB+BOS)']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['gravitywu'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -H2 (g) fill compressor station,FOM,1.7,%/year,"Guidehouse 2020: European Hydrogen Backbone report, https://guidehouse.com/-/media/www/site/downloads/energy/2020/gh_european-hydrogen-backbone_report.pdf (table 3, table 5)","Pessimistic (highest) value chosen for 48'' pipeline w/ 13GW_H2 LHV @ 100bar pressure. Currency year: Not clearly specified, assuming year of publication. Forecast year: Not clearly specified, guessing based on text remarks.",2020.0 -H2 (g) fill compressor station,investment,4738.7164,EUR/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), pg. 164, Figure 14 (Fill compressor).","Assumption for staging 35→140bar, 6000 MW_HHV single line pipeline. Considering HHV/LHV ration for H2.",2015.0 -H2 (g) fill compressor station,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), pg. 168, Figure 24 (Fill compressor).",,2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,FOM,3.1667,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, > 6000 MW_HHV single line pipeline, incl. booster station investments. Considering LHV by scaling with LHV/HHV=0.8462623413.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,electricity-input,0.019,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,investment,303.6845,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 4.4 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, > 6000 MW_HHV single line pipeline, incl. booster station investments. Considering LHV by scaling with LHV/HHV=0.8462623413.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,FOM,3.1667,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.",Same as for new H2 (g) pipeline.,2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,electricity-input,0.019,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,investment,129.4682,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line repurposed pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 0.8 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.",Same as for new H2 (g) pipeline.,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,FOM,3.0,%/year,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,electricity-input,0.019,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,investment,456.1165,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line offshore pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 7.48 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,lifetime,30.0,years,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,FOM,3.0,%/year,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,electricity-input,0.019,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,investment,160.1562,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line repurposed offshore pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 1.5 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,lifetime,30.0,years,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (l) storage tank,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.",Assuming currency year and technology year here (25 EUR/kg).,2015.0 -H2 (l) storage tank,investment,793.7456,EUR/MWh_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.","Assuming currency year and technology year here (25 EUR/kg). Future target cost. Today’s cost potentially higher according to d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material pg. 16.",2015.0 -H2 (l) storage tank,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.",Assuming currency year and technology year here (25 EUR/kg).,2015.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,capacity,11000.0,t_H2,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,investment,393737000.0,EUR,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,lifetime,20.0,years,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 evaporation,FOM,2.5,%/year,"DNV GL (2020): Study on the Import of Liquid Renewable Energy: Technology Cost Assessment, https://www.gie.eu/wp-content/uploads/filr/2598/DNV-GL_Study-GLE-Technologies-and-costs-analysis-on-imports-of-liquid-renewable-energy.pdf .",,2020.0 -H2 evaporation,investment,146.8405,EUR/kW_H2,"IRENA (2022): Global Hydrogen Trade to Meet the 1.5° Climate Goal: Technology Review of Hydrogen Carriers, https://www.irena.org/publications/2022/Apr/Global-hydrogen-trade-Part-II , pg. 62f.","Pessimistic assumption for large scale facility / near-term estimate for medium sized facility, in between low / mid estimate with e.g. DNV numbers (Fig. 3.15).; and Optimistic assumption for large scale facility 2500 t/d, cf Fig. 3.15 .",2022.0 -H2 evaporation,lifetime,20.0,years,Guesstimate.,Based on lifetime of liquefaction plant.,2015.0 -H2 liquefaction,FOM,2.5,%/year,"DNV GL (2020): Study on the Import of Liquid Renewable Energy: Technology Cost Assessment, https://www.gie.eu/wp-content/uploads/filr/2598/DNV-GL_Study-GLE-Technologies-and-costs-analysis-on-imports-of-liquid-renewable-energy.pdf .",,2020.0 -H2 liquefaction,electricity-input,0.203,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"Heuser et al. (2019): Techno-economic analysis of a potential energy trading link between Patagonia and Japan based on CO2 free hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.12.156), table 1.","6.78 kWh/kg_H2, considering H2 with LHV of 33.3333 MWh/t", -H2 liquefaction,hydrogen-input,1.017,MWh_H2/MWh_H2,"Heuser et al. (2019): Techno-economic analysis of a potential energy trading link between Patagonia and Japan based on CO2 free hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.12.156), table 1.",corresponding to 1.65% losses during liquefaction, -H2 liquefaction,investment,889.9426,EUR/kW_H2,"IRENA (2022): Global Hydrogen Trade to Meet the 1.5° Climate Goal: Technology Review of Hydrogen Carriers, https://www.irena.org/publications/2022/Apr/Global-hydrogen-trade-Part-II , pg. 62f.","Assumption for a 200t/d facility (Pessimistic long-term or optimistic short-term value).; and Assumption for a large >300t/d, e.g. 2500 t/d facility (Optimistic long-term value without change in base technology mentioned in report).",2022.0 -H2 liquefaction,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2022.0 -H2 pipeline,FOM,3.0,%/year,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -H2 pipeline,investment,282.5452,EUR/MW/km,Welder et al https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.05.059, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -H2 pipeline,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,FOM,5.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,VOM,0.5118,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,electricity-input,0.097,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification,investment,1467.9399,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification,wood-input,1.804,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification CC,FOM,5.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification CC,VOM,0.5232,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification CC,electricity-input,0.143,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification CC,investment,1489.0957,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification CC,wood-input,1.804,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification,FOM,6.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification,VOM,0.5061,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification,coal-input,1.62,MWh_coal/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification,electricity-input,0.02,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification,investment,399.1168,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification CC,FOM,7.56,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification CC,VOM,0.1479,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification CC,coal-input,1.62,MWh_coal/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification CC,electricity-input,0.023,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification CC,investment,413.4481,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,FOM,5.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,VOM,0.1592,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,electricity-input,0.063,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,investment,491.1331,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,lifetime,25.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,oil-input,1.3,MWh_oil/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,FOM,4.9,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,VOM,0.2047,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,electricity-input,0.02,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,gas-input,1.25,MWh_NG/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,investment,180.0518,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,FOM,6.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,VOM,0.0796,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,electricity-input,0.039,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,gas-input,1.4,MWh_NG/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,investment,217.5863,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,FOM,4.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,VOM,0.7393,EUR/MWh,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,electricity-input,0.044,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,investment,590.6564,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,wood-input,1.36,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -HVAC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVAC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVAC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,investment,165803.0398,EUR/MW,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC submarine,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0 -HVDC submarine,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1,2017.0 -HVDC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0 -HVDC underground,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 -HVDC underground,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1 (same as for HVDC submarine),2017.0 -HVDC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 -Haber-Bosch,FOM,3.0438,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,VOM,0.03,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Variable O&M,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,electricity-input,0.2473,MWh_el/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), table 11.",Assume 5 GJ/t_NH3 for compressors and NH3 LHV = 5.16666 MWh/t_NH3., -Haber-Bosch,hydrogen-input,1.1484,MWh_H2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.","178 kg_H2 per t_NH3, LHV for both assumed.", -Haber-Bosch,investment,1546.3966,EUR/kW_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,nitrogen-input,0.1597,t_N2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.",".33 MWh electricity are required for ASU per t_NH3, considering 0.4 MWh are required per t_N2 and LHV of NH3 of 5.1666 Mwh.", -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,investment,144192.2682,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,efficiency,0.4444,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,investment,576769.073,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['salthight'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-store,investment,94107.5489,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['salthight'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['salthight'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),FOM,1.1,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),efficiency,0.48,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),investment,33226.0,EUR/PKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),FOM,13.1,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),efficiency,0.56,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),investment,116497.0,EUR/LKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,FOM,0.6345,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,efficiency,0.6963,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133) include inverter 0.98 & transformer efficiency 0.98 ","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Electrolyzer']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,investment,347170.8209,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.113 (p.135)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Electrolyzer']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,lifetime,30.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,FOM,0.5812,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,efficiency,0.4869,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133) include inverter 0.98 & transformer efficiency 0.98 ","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Fuel Cell']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,investment,379007.4464,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.113 (p.135)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Fuel Cell']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,lifetime,30.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-store,FOM,0.43,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB =(C38+C39)*0.43/4","{'carrier': ['h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-store,investment,4779.9527,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.113 (p.135)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Cavern Storage']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-store,lifetime,30.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LNG storage tank,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank with comparable requirements.",Currency year and technology year assumed based on publication date.,2019.0 -LNG storage tank,investment,666.634,EUR/m^3,"Hurskainen 2019, https://cris.vtt.fi/en/publications/liquid-organic-hydrogen-carriers-lohc-concept-evaluation-and-tech pg. 46 (59).",Currency year and technology year assumed based on publication date.,2019.0 -LNG storage tank,lifetime,20.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank with comparable requirements.",Currency year and technology year assumed based on publication date.,2019.0 -LOHC chemical,investment,2500.0,EUR/t,"Runge et al 2020, pg.7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC chemical,lifetime,20.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, pg.7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation,investment,53681.4988,EUR/MW_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",per MW H2 (LHV). For a large plant of 1000 MW capacity. Calculated based on base CAPEX of 30 MEUR for 300 t/day capacity and a scale factor of 0.6.,2015.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),FOM,3.0,%/year,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),investment,839000.0,EUR/MW_H2,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",MW of H2 LHV. For a small plant of 0.9 MW capacity.,2020.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),lifetime,20.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,electricity-input,0.004,MWh_el/t_HLOHC,Niermann et al. (2019): (https://doi.org/10.1039/C8EE02700E). 6A .,"Flow in figures shows 0.2 MW for 114 MW_HHV = 96.4326 MW_LHV = 2.89298 t hydrogen. At 5.6 wt-% effective H2 storage for loaded LOHC (H18-DBT, HLOHC), corresponds to 51.6604 t loaded LOHC .", -LOHC hydrogenation,hydrogen-input,1.867,MWh_H2/t_HLOHC,"Runge et al 2020, pg. 7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",Considering 5.6 wt-% H2 in loaded LOHC (HLOHC) and LHV of H2., -LOHC hydrogenation,investment,54243.958,EUR/MW_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",per MW H2 (LHV). For a large plant of 2000 MW capacity. Calculated based on base CAPEX of 40 MEUR for 300 t/day capacity and a scale factor of 0.6.,2015.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,lohc-input,0.944,t_LOHC/t_HLOHC,"Runge et al 2020, pg. 7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514","Loaded LOHC (H18-DBT, HLOHC) has loaded only 5.6%-wt H2 as rate of discharge is kept at ca. 90%.", -LOHC loaded DBT storage,FOM,6.25,%/year,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -LOHC loaded DBT storage,investment,151.5383,EUR/t,"Density via Wissenschaftliche Dienste des Deutschen Bundestages 2020, https://www.bundestag.de/resource/blob/816048/454e182d5956d45a664da9eb85486f76/WD-8-058-20-pdf-data.pdf , pg. 11.","Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared. Density of loaded LOHC H18-DBT is 0.91 t/m^3.",2012.0 -LOHC loaded DBT storage,lifetime,30.0,years,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -LOHC transport ship,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_LOHC,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC unloaded DBT storage,FOM,6.25,%/year,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -LOHC unloaded DBT storage,investment,134.2745,EUR/t,"Density via Wissenschaftliche Dienste des Deutschen Bundestages 2020, https://www.bundestag.de/resource/blob/816048/454e182d5956d45a664da9eb85486f76/WD-8-058-20-pdf-data.pdf , pg. 11.","Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared. Density of loaded LOHC H18-DBT is 0.91 t/m^3, density of unloaded LOHC H0-DBT is 1.04 t/m^3 but unloading is only to 90% (depth-of-discharge), assume density via linearisation of 1.027 t/m^3.",2012.0 -LOHC unloaded DBT storage,lifetime,30.0,years,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,FOM,2.4427,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,efficiency,0.8832,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.78^0.5']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,investment,128853.6139,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-store,FOM,0.2542,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['lead'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-store,investment,320631.3818,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['lead'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-store,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['lead'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),FOM,1.6,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),efficiency,0.215,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),investment,24999.0,EUR/PKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),FOM,17.1,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),efficiency,0.373,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),investment,105315.0,EUR/LKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,FOM,0.366,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,investment,475721.2289,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Figure 9 of reference roughly 80% of capital cost are power related 47%/80% of costs are required for liquefaction (charging)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,FOM,0.5212,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,efficiency,0.55,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE 0.545 assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,investment,334017.033,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, NULL","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-store,FOM,0.3208,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['lair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-store,investment,159004.771,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['lair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Liquid Air SB and BOS']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['lair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,FOM,2.1198,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,efficiency,0.9193,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.8452^0.5']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,investment,81553.4846,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,lifetime,16.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-store,FOM,0.0447,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['lfp'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-store,investment,236482.8109,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['lfp'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-store,lifetime,16.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['lfp'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,FOM,2.1198,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,efficiency,0.9193,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.8452^0.5']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,investment,81553.4846,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,lifetime,13.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-store,FOM,0.038,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['nmc'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-store,investment,269576.8493,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['nmc'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-store,lifetime,13.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['nmc'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,investment,144192.2682,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,efficiency,0.5394,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,investment,576769.073,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-store,investment,58041.2003,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_MeOH,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",,2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,investment,18016.8665,EUR/MW_H2,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.","For high temperature steam reforming plant with a capacity of 200 MW_H2 output (6t/h). Reference plant of 1 MW (30kg_H2/h) costs 150kEUR, scale factor of 0.6 assumed.",2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",,2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,methanol-input,1.201,MWh_MeOH/MWh_H2,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",Assuming per 1 t_H2 (with LHV 33.3333 MWh/t): 4.5 MWh_th and 3.2 MWh_el are required. We assume electricity can be substituted / provided with 1:1 as heat energy., -NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank.",,2010.0 -NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,investment,166.8201,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Calculated based on Morgan E. 2013: doi:10.7275/11KT-3F59 , Fig. 55, Fig 58.","Based on estimated for a double-wall liquid ammonia tank (~ambient pressure, -33°C), inner tank from stainless steel, outer tank from concrete including installations for liquefaction/condensation, boil-off gas recovery and safety installations; the necessary installations make only a small fraction of the total cost. The total cost are driven by material and working time on the tanks. -While the costs do not scale strictly linearly, we here assume they do (good approximation c.f. ref. Fig 55.) and take the costs for a 9 kt NH3 (l) tank = 8 M$2010, which is smaller 4-5x smaller than the largest deployed tanks today. -We assume an exchange rate of 1.17$ to 1 €. -The investment value is given per MWh NH3 store capacity, using the LHV of NH3 of 5.18 MWh/t.",2010.0 -NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,lifetime,20.0,years,"Morgan E. 2013: doi:10.7275/11KT-3F59 , pg. 290",,2010.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B",,2019.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,capacity,53000.0,t_NH3,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B",,2019.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,investment,81164200.0,EUR,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B",,2019.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,lifetime,20.0,years,"Guess estimated based on H2 (l) tanker, but more mature technology",,2019.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,FOM,2.1198,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['((0.75-0.87)/2)^0.5 mean value of range efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,investment,81553.4846,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) same as Li-LFP","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-store,FOM,0.2262,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-store,investment,267837.874,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-store,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -OCGT,FOM,1.6323,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -OCGT,VOM,4.9384,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Variable O&M,2015.0 -OCGT,efficiency,0.41,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","52 OCGT - Natural gas: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -OCGT,investment,509.1147,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 -OCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -PEM electrolyzer small size,FOM,3.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW,2010.0 -PEM electrolyzer small size,electricity-input,1.33,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW, -PEM electrolyzer small size,investment,1080.5384,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW,2010.0 -PEM electrolyzer small size,lifetime,7.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`","Likely stack lifetime, rather than electrolyzer system lifetime", -PHS,FOM,1.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -PHS,efficiency,0.75,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -PHS,investment,2274.8177,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 -PHS,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,FOM,0.366,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Charger']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,investment,761782.6727,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Figure 9 of reference roughly 80% of capital cost are power related 47%/80% of costs are required for liquefaction (charging)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,lifetime,33.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,FOM,0.5212,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,efficiency,0.63,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE 0.62 assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,investment,534868.6851,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, NULL","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,lifetime,33.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-store,FOM,0.1528,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.103 (p.125)","{'carrier': ['phes'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-store,investment,11546.7963,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.92 (p.114)","{'carrier': ['phes'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Molten Salt based SB and BOS']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-store,lifetime,33.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['phes'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,FOM,0.9951,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, Figure 4.16","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,efficiency,0.8944,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.8^0.5']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,investment,1397128.4612,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Powerhouse Construction & Infrastructure']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-store,FOM,0.43,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['phs'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-store,investment,57074.0625,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['phs'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Reservoir Construction & Infrastructure']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['phs'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -SMR,FOM,5.0,%/year,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR,efficiency,0.76,per unit (in LHV),"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SMR,investment,522201.0492,EUR/MW_CH4,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR,lifetime,30.0,years,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SMR CC,FOM,5.0,%/year,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR CC,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",wide range: capture rates between 54%-90%, -SMR CC,efficiency,0.69,per unit (in LHV),"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SMR CC,investment,605753.2171,EUR/MW_CH4,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR CC,lifetime,30.0,years,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SOEC,FOM,4.0,%/year,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,US-based assumptions for a Conservative cost scenario,2022.0 -SOEC,electricity-input,1.19,MWh_el/MWh_H2,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,, -SOEC,investment,2243.5452,USD/kW,"ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions, https://theicct.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/fuels-eu-cost-renew-H-produced-onsite-H-refueling-stations-europe-feb22.pdf adjusted according to DOE observations https://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/docs/hydrogenprogramlibraries/pdfs/24005-clean-hydrogen-production-cost-pem-electrolyzer.pdf?sfvrsn=8cb10889_1#:~:text=This%20Record%20shows%20that%20the,factors%20of%2050%2D75%25",US-based assumptions for a Conservative cost scenario,2022.0 -SOEC,lifetime,30.0,years,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,, -Sand-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Sand-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Sand-charger,investment,144192.2682,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Sand-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,efficiency,0.53,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,investment,576769.073,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Sand-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['sand'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Sand-store,investment,6700.8517,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.100 (p.122)","{'carrier': ['sand'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -Sand-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['sand'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Steam methane reforming,FOM,3.0,%/year,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW).,2015.0 -Steam methane reforming,investment,497454.611,EUR/MW_H2,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW). Currency conversion 1.17 USD = 1 EUR.,2015.0 -Steam methane reforming,lifetime,30.0,years,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW).,2015.0 -Steam methane reforming,methane-input,1.483,MWh_CH4/MWh_H2,"Keipi et al (2018): Economic analysis of hydrogen production by methane thermal decomposition (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2017.12.063), table 2.","Large scale SMR plant producing 2.5 kg/s H2 output (assuming 33.3333 MWh/t H2 LHV), with 6.9 kg/s CH4 input (feedstock) and 2 kg/s CH4 input (energy). Neglecting water consumption.", -"Tank&bulk, diesel",efficiency,0.462,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, diesel",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, diesel",investment,35129312.4041,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, diesel",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, diesel",lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, diesel",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, methanol",efficiency,0.4695,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, methanol",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, methanol",investment,36885778.0243,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, methanol",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, methanol",lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, methanol",2023.0 -"Tankbulk, ammonia",efficiency,0.471,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tankbulk, ammonia",2023.0 -"Tankbulk, ammonia",investment,38642243.6445,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tankbulk, ammonia",2023.0 -"Tankbulk, ammonia",lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tankbulk, ammonia",2023.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,FOM,2.4395,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,efficiency,0.8062,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.65^0.5']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,investment,129023.0526,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-store,FOM,0.2345,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['vanadium'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-store,investment,258072.8586,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['vanadium'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-store,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['vanadium'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,FOM,2.4395,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,efficiency,0.7937,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.25 ","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['(0.63)^0.5 efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,investment,129023.0526,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,lifetime,25.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-store,FOM,0.1654,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-store,investment,174388.0144,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.48 (p.70) text below Table 4.12","{'carrier': ['znair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-store,lifetime,25.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['znair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,FOM,2.1198,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,efficiency,0.8307,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.25 ","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['(0.69)^0.5 efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,investment,81553.4846,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,lifetime,10.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.27","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-store,FOM,0.2576,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znbrflow'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-store,investment,412306.5947,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['znbrflow'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-store,lifetime,10.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.27","{'carrier': ['znbrflow'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,FOM,2.4395,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,efficiency,0.8888,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.25","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': [' (0.79)^0.5 efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,investment,129023.0526,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,FOM,0.2244,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,investment,239220.5823,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -air separation unit,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -air separation unit,electricity-input,0.25,MWh_el/t_N2,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), p.288.","For consistency reasons use value from Danish Energy Agency. DEA also reports range of values (0.2-0.4 MWh/t_N2) on pg. 288. Other efficienices reported are even higher, e.g. 0.11 Mwh/t_N2 from Morgan (2013): Techno-Economic Feasibility Study of Ammonia Plants Powered by Offshore Wind .", -air separation unit,investment,668928.1598,EUR/t_N2/h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 -air separation unit,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -allam,VOM,2.0,EUR/MWh,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -allam,efficiency,0.6,p.u.,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -allam,investment,1500.0,EUR/kW,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -allam,lifetime,30.0,years,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,FOM,5.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.99,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",CO2 volume captured / (Stream flowrate * Max. capacity utilization * CO2 in exhaust * 8760),2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.1,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,investment,929753.03,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 41 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 389000 t/year",2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -battery inverter,FOM,0.2051,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -battery inverter,efficiency,0.95,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2020.0 -battery inverter,investment,280.0287,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2020.0 -battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -battery storage,investment,226.8587,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2020.0 -battery storage,lifetime,18.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,FOM,100.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,VOM,480.1251,EUR/MWh_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-biochar,1.0,MWh_biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency biochar",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-heat,3.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency heat",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,investment,480125.1,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.144,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0 -biodiesel crops,fuel,137.6508,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIORPS1 (rape seed), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -bioethanol crops,CO2 intensity,0.1289,tCO2/MWh_th,,"CO2 released during fermentation of bioethanol crops, based on stochiometric composition: C6H12O6 -> 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2 , i.e. 1 kg ethanol → ~0.956 kg CO₂ (from fermentation) → 0.1289 tCO₂/MWh (with LHV = 26.7 MJ/kg).", -bioethanol crops,fuel,82.4367,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOCRP11 (Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -biogas,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 -biogas,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biogas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, -biogas,fuel,62.4351,EUR/MWhth,JRC and Zappa, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biogas,investment,944.4854,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 -biogas,lifetime,21.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biogas CC,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas CC,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 -biogas CC,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biogas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, -biogas CC,investment,944.4854,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 -biogas CC,lifetime,21.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biogas manure,fuel,19.8676,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOGAS1 (manure), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,FOM,35.3782,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,VOM,3.4525,EUR/MWh_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Variable O&M,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,investment,1174.8443,EUR/kW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Specific investment,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -biogas upgrading,FOM,17.0397,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Fixed O&M ",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,VOM,3.8657,EUR/MWh output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Variable O&M",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,investment,179.2634,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: investment (upgrading, methane redution and grid injection)",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,lifetime,21.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biomass,FOM,4.5269,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,efficiency,0.468,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,fuel,7.4076,EUR/MWhth,IEA2011b, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,investment,2337.6116,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,lifetime,30.0,years,ECF2010 in DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass CHP,FOM,3.5057,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass CHP,VOM,2.3961,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -biomass CHP,c_b,0.5065,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -biomass CHP,efficiency,0.2896,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.6295,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass CHP,investment,3793.3454,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -biomass CHP,lifetime,23.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,capture_rate,0.93,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-electricity-input,0.0967,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-heat-output,0.1567,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,electricity-input,0.0283,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-input,0.7953,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-output,0.7953,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,investment,3133333.3333,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass EOP,FOM,3.5057,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass EOP,VOM,2.3961,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -biomass EOP,c_b,0.5065,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -biomass EOP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -biomass EOP,efficiency,0.2896,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass EOP,efficiency-heat,0.6295,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass EOP,investment,3793.3454,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -biomass EOP,lifetime,23.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass HOP,FOM,5.5379,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Fixed O&M, heat output",2015.0 -biomass HOP,VOM,2.8456,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Variable O&M heat output,2015.0 -biomass HOP,efficiency,0.9816,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass HOP,investment,1001.9299,EUR/kW_th - heat output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Nominal investment ,2015.0 -biomass HOP,lifetime,23.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -biomass boiler,FOM,6.5006,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass boiler,efficiency,0.8149,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -biomass boiler,investment,834.3542,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Specific investment",2015.0 -biomass boiler,lifetime,18.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass boiler,pelletizing cost,9.0,EUR/MWh_pellets,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.109506,,2019.0 -biomass-to-methanol,C in fuel,0.5618,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,C stored,0.4382,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,CO2 stored,0.1607,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,FOM,10.3861,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,VOM,14.8552,EUR/MWh_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Variable O&M,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency,0.83,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Methanol Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-electricity,0.43,MWh_e/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Electricity Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-heat,0.5633,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: District heat Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,investment,4152.9549,EUR/kW_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Specific investment,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,FOM,14.18,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",123.67 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘BF-BOF’.,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,coal-input,1.43,MWh_coal/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15). ","Based on process ‘Avg BF-BOF` using 195 kg_PCI/t_HM (PCI = Pulverized Coal Injected; HM = Hot Metal) as substitute for coke, 24 MJ/kg as LHV for coal and 1 : 1.1 as HM-to-steel ratio.",2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15).",,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,investment,7637406.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",871.85 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘Avg BF-BOF’.,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15).",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,ore-input,1.539,t_ore/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",Based on process ‘Avg BF-BOF`,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,scrap-input,0.051,t_scrap/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",Based on process ‘Avg BF-BOF`,2020.0 -cement capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,capture_rate,0.93,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,compression-electricity-input,0.0967,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,compression-heat-output,0.1567,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,electricity-input,0.0237,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,heat-input,0.7953,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,heat-output,1.6167,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,investment,2800000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,FOM,7.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",CO2 volume captured / (Stream flowrate * Max. capacity utilization * CO2 in exhaust * 8760),2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,investment,2587727.173,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 247 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 842000 t/year",2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement dry clinker,FOM,4.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,VOM,5.2911,EUR/t_clinker,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,electricity-input,0.0694,MWh_el/t_clinker,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original values 0.25 PJ per Mt clinker,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,gas-input,0.0002,MWh_NG/t_clinker,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original values 0.0058 PJ per Mt clinker,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,heat-input,0.9444,MWh_th/t_CO2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original values 3.4 PJ per Mt clinker,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,investment,1158752.6816,EUR/t_clinker/h,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original value 125 EUR/t/year,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,lifetime,30.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement finishing,FOM,30.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement finishing,VOM,3.1747,EUR/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement finishing,clinker-input,0.656,t_cl/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND_Trans.xlsx`, Sheet `IND_Trans` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer),2015.0 -cement finishing,electricity-input,0.1736,MWh_el/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND_Trans.xlsx`, Sheet `IND_Trans` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer) with original value 0.6251 PJ per Mt cement.,2015.0 -cement finishing,investment,92700.2145,EUR/t_cement/h,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original value 10 EUR/t/year,2015.0 -cement finishing,lifetime,25.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer),2015.0 -cement finishing,slag-input,0.194,t_slag/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND_Trans.xlsx`, Sheet `IND_Trans` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer),2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.2703,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.3175,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.0667,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Total efficiency, net, name plate",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,investment,1174.5725,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,21.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central coal CHP,FOM,1.6316,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central coal CHP,VOM,3.0063,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central coal CHP,c_b,0.84,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -central coal CHP,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cv coefficient,2015.0 -central coal CHP,efficiency,0.5017,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","01 Coal CHP: Electricity efficiency, condensation mode, net",2015.0 -central coal CHP,investment,1969.6589,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central coal CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.3942,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.1341,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,efficiency,5.1,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,investment,805.4212,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,lifetime,21.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas CHP,FOM,2.8079,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP,VOM,4.8678,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP,c_b,1.04,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central gas CHP,c_v,0.17,per unit,DEA (loss of fuel for additional heat), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central gas CHP,efficiency,0.3933,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central gas CHP,investment,716.0633,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central gas CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,FOM,2.8079,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,VOM,4.8678,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,c_b,1.04,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,efficiency,0.3933,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,investment,716.0633,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas boiler,FOM,1.7297,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central gas boiler,VOM,1.5521,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central gas boiler,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","44 Natural Gas DH Only: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central gas boiler,investment,130.514,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central gas boiler,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,FOM,0.732,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,VOM,4.8677,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,investment,3320.299,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.3631,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,VOM,0.7986,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,1.7067,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,investment,680.0838,EUR/kW_th excluding drive energy,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,21.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,FOM,4.8571,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,efficiency,0.4867,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,investment,1234.5919,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central resistive heater,FOM,1.0129,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central resistive heater,VOM,0.9877,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central resistive heater,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","41 Electric Boilers: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central resistive heater,investment,109.3496,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Nominal investment; 10/15 kV; >10 MW,2015.0 -central resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central solar thermal,FOM,1.4,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solar thermal,investment,148151.0278,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,FOM,2.8239,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,VOM,5.2433,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,c_b,0.3952,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency,0.2593,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7104,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,investment,4022.2266,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,lifetime,23.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,FOM,2.8239,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,VOM,5.2433,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_b,0.3952,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency,0.2593,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.7104,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,investment,6043.4896,EUR/kW_e,Combination of central solid biomass CHP CC and solid biomass boiler steam,,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,lifetime,23.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,FOM,2.8239,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,VOM,5.2433,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_b,0.3952,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency,0.2593,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency-heat,0.7104,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,investment,4022.2266,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,lifetime,23.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central water pit charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2020.0 -central water pit discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2020.0 -central water pit storage,Bottom storage temperature,35.0,⁰C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Typical bottom storage temperature,2020.0 -central water pit storage,FOM,0.2354,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -central water pit storage,Top storage temperature,90.0,⁰C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Typical max. storage temperature,2020.0 -central water pit storage,energy to power ratio,51.9231,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2020.0 -central water pit storage,investment,1.0622,EUR/kWh Capacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Specific investment,2020.0 -central water pit storage,lifetime,23.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -central water pit storage,standing losses,0.0084,%/hour,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Energy losses during storage,2020.0 -central water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2020.0 -central water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2020.0 -central water tank storage,FOM,1.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central water tank storage,energy to power ratio,59.9099,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2020.0 -central water tank storage,investment,4.7497,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Specific investment,2020.0 -central water tank storage,lifetime,36.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -central water tank storage,standing losses,0.0085,%/hour,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Energy losses during storage,2020.0 -central water tank storage,temperature difference,56.6667,"hot/cold, K","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Typical temperature difference,2020.0 -clean water tank storage,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0 -clean water tank storage,investment,69.1286,EUR/m^3-H2O,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0 -clean water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",, -coal,CO2 intensity,0.3361,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid-Emissionen des deutschen Strommix in den Jahren 1990 - 2018,, -coal,FOM,1.31,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100.",2023.0 -coal,VOM,3.2612,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3+5.5)USD/MWh_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR).",2023.0 -coal,efficiency,0.356,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. 1 / ((8.75+12) MMbtu/MWh_th /2 / (3.4095 MMbtu/MWh_th)), rounded up.",2023.0 -coal,fuel,9.5542,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on IEA 2011 data, 99 USD/t.",2010.0 -coal,investment,3827.1629,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Higher costs include coal plants with CCS, but since using here for calculating the average nevertheless. Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3200+6775) USD/kW_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR).",2023.0 -coal,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 -csp-tower,FOM,1.1,%/year,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power),Ratio between CAPEX and FOM from ATB database for “moderate” scenario.,2020.0 -csp-tower,investment,108.37,"EUR/kW_th,dp",ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include solar field and solar tower as well as EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant). Total costs (223,708,924 USD) are divided by active area (heliostat reflective area, 1,269,054 m2) and multiplied by design point DNI (0.95 kW/m2) to obtain EUR/kW_th. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR.",2020.0 -csp-tower,lifetime,30.0,years,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power),-,2020.0 -csp-tower TES,FOM,1.1,%/year,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -csp-tower TES,investment,14.52,EUR/kWh_th,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include the TES incl. EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant, 2.791 MW_th TES). Total costs (69390776.7 USD) are divided by TES size to obtain EUR/kW_th. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR.",2020.0 -csp-tower TES,lifetime,30.0,years,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -csp-tower power block,FOM,1.1,%/year,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -csp-tower power block,investment,759.17,EUR/kW_e,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include the power cycle incl. BOP and EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant). Total costs (135185685.5 USD) are divided by power block nameplate capacity size to obtain EUR/kW_e. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR.",2020.0 -csp-tower power block,lifetime,30.0,years,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -decentral CHP,FOM,3.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral CHP,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral CHP,investment,1481.5103,EUR/kWel,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,FOM,2.7632,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.3,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.3 Air to water existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,931.235,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,17.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,FOM,6.1218,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,efficiency,0.9733,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","202 Natural gas boiler: Total efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,investment,197.0523,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,lifetime,18.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler connection,investment,132.7779,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Possible additional specific investment,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler connection,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,1.8501,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.7333,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.7 Ground source existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,1390.8056,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,18.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,FOM,2.0,%/year,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,investment,165.0975,EUR/kWth,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf) (+eigene Berechnung), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,FOM,2.0,%/year,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,investment,105.8222,EUR/kWhth,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,FOM,1.3,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,investment,285719.8393,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2020.0 -decentral water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,FOM,1.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,VOM,0.8875,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Variable O&M,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,energy to power ratio,0.3125,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,investment,324.2838,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Specific investment,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,standing losses,1.7333,%/hour,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Energy losses during storage,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,temperature difference,40.0,"hot/cold, K","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Typical temperature difference,2020.0 -digestible biomass,fuel,17.0611,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOAGRW1, ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0 -digestible biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -digestible biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -digestible biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.39,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, -digestible biomass to hydrogen,investment,3707.4795,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -direct air capture,FOM,4.95,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,compression-electricity-input,0.15,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,compression-heat-output,0.2,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,electricity-input,0.4,MWh_el/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","0.4 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 0.182 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019). Should already include electricity for water scrubbing and compression (high quality CO2 output).",2020.0 -direct air capture,heat-input,1.6,MWh_th/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","Thermal energy demand. Provided via air-sourced heat pumps. 1.6 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 1.102 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019).",2020.0 -direct air capture,heat-output,1.1667,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,investment,7000000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct firing gas,FOM,1.1515,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas,VOM,0.2836,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing gas,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing gas,lifetime,13.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,FOM,1.1515,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,VOM,0.2836,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,lifetime,13.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,VOM,0.3301,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,lifetime,13.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,VOM,0.3301,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,lifetime,13.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Based on https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/capesize-freight-returns-below-operating-expense-levels-but-shipowners-reject-lay-ups/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","5000 USD/d OPEX, exchange rate: 1.15 USD = 1 EUR; absolute value calculate relative to investment cost.",2020.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,capacity,180000.0,t,-,"DWT; corresponds to size of Capesize bulk carriers which have previously docked at the habour in Hamburg, Germany. Short of 200 kt limit for VLBCs.",2020.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,investment,40000000.0,EUR,"Based on https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/dry-bulk-carriers-in-high-demand-as-rates-keep-rallying/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","See figure for ‘Dry Bulk Newbuild Prices’, Capesize at end of 2020. Exchange rate: 1.15 USD = 1 EUR.",2020.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,lifetime,25.0,years,"Based on https://mfame.guru/fall-life-expectancy-bulk-carriers/, accessed: 2022-12-03.",Expected lifetime.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,FOM,30.0,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","EAF has high OPEX of 62.99 EUR/year/t_steel, presumably because of electrode corrosion.",2020.0 -electric arc furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,electricity-input,0.6395,MWh_el/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘EAF’. ,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,hbi-input,1.0,t_hbi/t_steel,-,Assume HBI instead of scrap as input.Scrap would require higher input (in tonnes) as steel content is lower.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,investment,1839600.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",210 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘EAF’.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,FOM,30.0,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","EAF has high OPEX of 62.99 EUR/year/t_steel, presumably because of electrode corrosion.",2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,electricity-input,0.6395,MWh_el/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘EAF’. ,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,hbi-input,0.37,t_hbi/t_steel,"World Steel Association, Fact Sheet – Steel and raw materials: https://worldsteel.org/wp-content/uploads/Fact-sheet-raw-materials-2023-1.pdf, Accessed 2024-04-17.",Assume HBI instead of scrap as input.Scrap would require higher input (in tonnes) as steel content is lower.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,investment,1839600.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",210 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘EAF’.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,scrap-input,0.71,t_scrap/t_steel,"World Steel Association, Fact Sheet – Steel and raw materials: https://worldsteel.org/wp-content/uploads/Fact-sheet-raw-materials-2023-1.pdf, Accessed 2024-04-17.",,2020.0 -electric boiler steam,FOM,1.3304,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Fixed O&M,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,VOM,0.8425,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Variable O&M,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,efficiency,0.9867,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","310.1 Electric boiler steam : Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -electric boiler steam,investment,77.2033,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Nominal investment,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,lifetime,23.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Technical lifetime,2019.0 -electric steam cracker,FOM,3.0,%/year,Guesstimate,,2015.0 -electric steam cracker,VOM,190.4799,EUR/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",,2015.0 -electric steam cracker,carbondioxide-output,0.55,t_CO2/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), ",The report also references another source with 0.76 t_CO2/t_HVC, -electric steam cracker,electricity-input,2.7,MWh_el/t_HVC,"Lechtenböhmer et al. (2016): 10.1016/j.energy.2016.07.110, Section 4.3, page 6.",Assuming electrified processing., -electric steam cracker,investment,11124025.7434,EUR/(t_HVC/h),"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",Assuming CAPEX of 1200 €/t actually given in €/(t/a).,2015.0 -electric steam cracker,lifetime,30.0,years,Guesstimate,, -electric steam cracker,naphtha-input,14.8,MWh_naphtha/t_HVC,"Lechtenböhmer et al. (2016): 10.1016/j.energy.2016.07.110, Section 4.3, page 6.",, -electricity distribution grid,FOM,2.0,%/year,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity distribution grid,investment,529.1108,EUR/kW,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity distribution grid,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity grid connection,FOM,2.0,%/year,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity grid connection,investment,148.151,EUR/kW,DEA, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity grid connection,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electrobiofuels,C in fuel,0.9269,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,FOM,14.2807,%/year,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2015.0 -electrobiofuels,VOM,4.062,EUR/MWh_th,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2017.0 -electrobiofuels,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -electrobiofuels,efficiency-biomass,1.3217,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,efficiency-hydrogen,1.2142,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,efficiency-tot,0.6328,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,investment,466206.9921,EUR/kW_th,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2017.0 -electrolysis,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 -electrolysis,efficiency,0.6234,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 -electrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.2207,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 -electrolysis,investment,1500.0,EUR/kW_e,private communications; IEA https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/9e0c82d4-06d2-496b-9542-f184ba803645/TheRoleofE-fuelsinDecarbonisingTransport.pdf,,2020.0 -electrolysis,lifetime,26.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -electrolysis small,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 -electrolysis small,efficiency,0.6234,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 -electrolysis small,efficiency-heat,0.2207,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 -electrolysis small,investment,1391.6667,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Specific investment,2020.0 -electrolysis small,lifetime,26.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Technical lifetime of plant,2020.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,FOM,7.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.94,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.12,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,investment,928559.735,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 36 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 342000 t/year",2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol from starch crop,FOM,16.4,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original values FIXOM in MEUR/GW divided by INVCOST for the corresponding year",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,VOM,26.3497,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value 6.93 MEUR/PJ VAROM",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,efficiency,0.58,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production. Converted from 0.35 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,investment,603376.8073,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for USA and European production,2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,FOM,19.51,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original values FIXOM in MEUR/GW divided by INVCOST for the corresponding year",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,VOM,23.1751,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production, original value 6.09 MEUR/PJ VAROM",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,efficiency,0.45,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production. Converted from 0.292 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,investment,446537.78,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for Brazilian production,2015.0 -fuel cell,FOM,4.8571,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -fuel cell,efficiency,0.4867,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -fuel cell,investment,1234.5919,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -fuelwood,fuel,14.5224,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOO (FuelwoodRW), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -gas,CO2 intensity,0.198,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 50 GJ/t CH4,, -gas,fuel,24.568,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -gas boiler steam,FOM,3.6882,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,VOM,1.0741,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.91,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -gas boiler steam,investment,51.8758,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -gas storage,FOM,0.5368,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",150 Underground Storage of Gas: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -gas storage,investment,0.2366,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",150 Underground Storage of Gas: Specific investment,2020.0 -gas storage,lifetime,100.0,years,TODO no source,"150 Underground Storage of Gas: estimation: most underground storage are already built, they do have a long lifetime",2020.0 -gas storage charger,investment,15.2479,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",,2020.0 -gas storage discharger,investment,5.0826,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",,2020.0 -geothermal,CO2 intensity,0.12,tCO2/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",Likely to be improved; Average of 85 percent of global egs power plant capacity; Result of fluid circulation through rock formations,2020.0 -geothermal,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",See Supplemental Material of source for details,2020.0 -geothermal,district heat surcharge,25.0,%,Frey et al. 2022: Techno-Economic Assessment of Geothermal Resources in the Variscan Basement of the Northern Upper Rhine Graben,"If capital cost of electric generation from EGS is 100%, district heating adds additional 25%. Costs incurred by piping.",2020.0 -geothermal,district heat-input,0.8,MWh_thdh/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, District Heat-output. This is an assessment of typical heat losses when heat is transmitted from the EGS plant to the DH network, This is a rough estimate, depends on local conditions",2020.0 -geothermal,lifetime,30.0,years,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",,2020.0 -helmeth,FOM,3.0,%/year,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -helmeth,efficiency,0.8,per unit,HELMETH press release, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -helmeth,investment,2116.4433,EUR/kW,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -helmeth,lifetime,25.0,years,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -home battery inverter,FOM,0.2051,%/year,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -home battery inverter,efficiency,0.95,per unit,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2020.0 -home battery inverter,investment,399.1453,EUR/kW,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2020.0 -home battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -home battery storage,investment,324.1563,EUR/kWh,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2020.0 -home battery storage,lifetime,18.3333,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -hydro,FOM,1.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -hydro,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -hydro,investment,2274.8177,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 -hydro,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,FOM,11.3,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","55.28 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ OPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15).",,2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,electricity-input,1.03,MWh_el/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ reduced by electricity demand of process ‘EAF’.,2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,hydrogen-input,2.1,MWh_H2/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2022-12-05). ","63 kg H2/t steel for process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ according to documentation (raw input files for MPP model list 73 kg H2 / t steel, which seems to high and is probably incorrect).",2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,investment,4277858.0,EUR/t_HBI/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","488.34 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ CAPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,ore-input,1.59,t_ore/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03). ",Based on process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’.,2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,compression-electricity-input,0.05,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.",1.707 kWh/kg.,2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,investment,87.69,EUR/kW_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.","2923 EUR/kg_H2. For a 206 kg/h compressor. Base CAPEX 40 528 EUR/kW_el with scale factor 0.4603. kg_H2 converted to MWh using LHV. Pressure range: 30 bar in, 250 bar out.",2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,lifetime,15.0,years,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,investment,13.5,EUR/kWh_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.","450 EUR/kg_H2 converted with LHV to MWh. For a type 1 hydrogen storage tank (steel, 15-250 bar). Currency year assumed 2020 for initial publication of reference; observe note in SI.4.3 that no currency year is explicitly stated in the reference.",2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,lifetime,20.0,years,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,min_fill_level,6.0,%,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,FOM,1.1055,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,investment,52.9042,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Specific investment,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,lifetime,26.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,FOM,0.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,VOM,0.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Variable O&M,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,investment,2.4813,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Specific investment,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,lifetime,100.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,FOM,0.0908,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,VOM,3.2358,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Variable O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,efficiency,2.9833,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,investment,983.7987,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Nominal investment,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,lifetime,18.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,FOM,0.1089,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,VOM,3.2358,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Variable O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,efficiency,2.55,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,investment,819.8323,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,lifetime,18.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -iron ore DRI-ready,commodity,97.73,EUR/t,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://missionpossiblepartnership.org/action-sectors/steel/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","DRI ready assumes 65% iron content, requiring no additional benefication.",2020.0 -iron-air battery,FOM,1.0,%/year,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery,investment,16.7282,EUR/kWh,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery,lifetime,17.5,years,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery charge,efficiency,0.71,per unit,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery discharge,efficiency,0.6,per unit,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -lignite,CO2 intensity,0.4069,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid-Emissionen des deutschen Strommix in den Jahren 1990 - 2018,, -lignite,FOM,1.31,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,VOM,3.2612,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3+5.5)USD/MWh_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR). Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,efficiency,0.33,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. 1 / ((8.75+12) MMbtu/MWh_th /2 / (3.4095 MMbtu/MWh_th)), rounded up. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,fuel,3.2985,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on IEA 2011 data, 10 USD/t.",2010.0 -lignite,investment,3827.1629,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Higher costs include coal plants with CCS, but since using here for calculating the average nevertheless. Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3200+6775) USD/kW_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR). Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf .",2023.0 -lignite,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -methanation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.2.3.1",,2017.0 -methanation,carbondioxide-input,0.198,t_CO2/MWh_CH4,"Götz et al. (2016): Renewable Power-to-Gas: A technological and economic review (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2015.07.066), Fig. 11 .",Additional H2 required for methanation process (2x H2 amount compared to stochiometric conversion)., -methanation,efficiency,0.8,per unit,Palzer and Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -methanation,hydrogen-input,1.282,MWh_H2/MWh_CH4,,Based on ideal conversion process of stochiometric composition (1 t CH4 contains 750 kg of carbon)., -methanation,investment,679.8185,EUR/kW_CH4,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 6: “Reference scenario”.",,2017.0 -methanation,lifetime,20.0,years,Guesstimate.,"Based on lifetime for methanolisation, Fischer-Tropsch plants.",2017.0 -methane storage tank incl. compressor,FOM,1.9,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor by DEA.",Based on assumptions for hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor (by DEA).,2014.0 -methane storage tank incl. compressor,investment,8961.5075,EUR/m^3,Storage costs per l: https://www.compositesworld.com/articles/pressure-vessels-for-alternative-fuels-2014-2023 (2021-02-10).,"Assume 5USD/l (= 4.23 EUR/l at 1.17 USD/EUR exchange rate) for type 1 pressure vessel for 200 bar storage and 100% surplus costs for including compressor costs with storage, based on similar assumptions by DEA for compressed hydrogen storage tanks.",2014.0 -methane storage tank incl. compressor,lifetime,30.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor by DEA.",Based on assumptions for hydrogen storage tank 1 including compressor (by DEA).,2014.0 -methanol,CO2 intensity,0.2482,tCO2/MWh_th,,, -methanol-to-kerosene,FOM,4.5,%/year,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",,2020.0 -methanol-to-kerosene,VOM,1.35,EUR/MWh_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",,2020.0 -methanol-to-kerosene,hydrogen-input,0.0279,MWh_H2/MWh_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 6.","Assuming LHV 11.94 kWh/kg for kerosene, 5.54 kWh/kg for methanol, 33.3 kWh/kg for hydrogen.", -methanol-to-kerosene,investment,269000.0,EUR/MW_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",,2020.0 -methanol-to-kerosene,lifetime,30.0,years,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",, -methanol-to-kerosene,methanol-input,1.0764,MWh_MeOH/MWh_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 6.","Assuming LHV 11.94 kWh/kg for kerosene, 5.54 kWh/kg for methanol, 33.3 kWh/kg for hydrogen.", -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,FOM,3.0,%/year,Guesstimate,same as steam cracker,2015.0 -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,VOM,31.7466,EUR/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35", ,2015.0 -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,carbondioxide-output,0.6107,t_CO2/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Sections 4.5 (for ethylene and propylene) and 4.6 (for BTX)","Weighted average: 0.4 t_MeOH/t_ethylene+propylene for 21.7 Mt of ethylene and 17 Mt of propylene, 1.13 t_CO2/t_BTX for 15.7 Mt of BTX. The report also references process emissions of 0.55 t_MeOH/t_ethylene+propylene elsewhere. ", -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,electricity-input,1.3889,MWh_el/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), page 69",5 GJ/t_HVC , -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,investment,2781006.4359,EUR/(t_HVC/h),"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",Assuming CAPEX of 1200 €/t actually given in €/(t/a).,2015.0 -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,lifetime,30.0,years,Guesstimate,same as steam cracker, -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,methanol-input,18.03,MWh_MeOH/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Sections 4.5 (for ethylene and propylene) and 4.6 (for BTX)","Weighted average: 2.83 t_MeOH/t_ethylene+propylene for 21.7 Mt of ethylene and 17 Mt of propylene, 4.2 t_MeOH/t_BTX for 15.7 Mt of BTX. Assuming 5.54 MWh_MeOH/t_MeOH. ", -methanolisation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.1.",,2017.0 -methanolisation,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -methanolisation,carbondioxide-input,0.248,t_CO2/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 66.",, -methanolisation,electricity-input,0.271,MWh_e/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 65.",, -methanolisation,heat-output,0.1,MWh_th/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 65.",steam generation of 2 GJ/t_MeOH, -methanolisation,hydrogen-input,1.138,MWh_H2/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 64.",189 kg_H2 per t_MeOH, -methanolisation,investment,703726.4462,EUR/MW_MeOH,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 8: “Reference scenario”.","Well developed technology, no significant learning expected.",2017.0 -methanolisation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (04/2022), Data sheet “Methanol to Power”.",,2017.0 -micro CHP,FOM,6.8571,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -micro CHP,efficiency,0.3373,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Electric efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -micro CHP,efficiency-heat,0.6023,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -micro CHP,investment,10277.6921,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 -micro CHP,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,FOM,11.3,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,gas-input,2.78,MWh_NG/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",Original value 10 GJ/t_DRI.,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,investment,4277858.0,EUR/t_HBI/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.","488.34 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ CAPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,ore-input,1.59,t_ore/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",, -nuclear,FOM,1.27,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (131.5+152.75)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) relative to investment costs.",2023.0 -nuclear,VOM,3.5464,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (4.25+5)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 -nuclear,efficiency,0.326,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on heat rate of 10.45 MMBtu/MWh_e and 3.4095 MMBtu/MWh_th, i.e. 1/(10.45/3.4095) = 0.3260.",2023.0 -nuclear,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -nuclear,investment,8594.1354,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (8475+13925)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 -nuclear,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 -offwind,FOM,2.7432,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Fixed O&M [EUR/MW_e/y, 2020]",2020.0 -offwind,VOM,0.0212,EUR/MWhel,RES costs made up to fix curtailment order, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind,investment,1816.5819,"EUR/kW_e, 2020","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Nominal investment [MEUR/MW_e, 2020] grid connection costs subtracted from investment costs",2020.0 -offwind,lifetime,26.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2841.3251,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,1420.1334,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-ac-station,investment,264.5554,EUR/kWel,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2116.4433,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,1058.2216,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017; average + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-station,investment,423.2887,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017; assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-float,FOM,1.15,%/year,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0 -offwind-float,investment,2350.0,EUR/kWel,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0 -offwind-float,lifetime,20.0,years,C. Maienza 2020 A life cycle cost model for floating offshore wind farms,,2020.0 -offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2118.5597,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf,,2014.0 -offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,1039.4778,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017, average + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 -offwind-float-station,investment,415.7911,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017, assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 -oil,CO2 intensity,0.2571,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 44 GJ/t diesel and -CH2- approximation of diesel,, -oil,FOM,2.2886,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -oil,VOM,7.2312,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0 -oil,efficiency,0.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","50 Diesel engine farm: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -oil,fuel,52.9111,EUR/MWhth,IEA WEM2017 97USD/boe = http://www.iea.org/media/weowebsite/2017/WEM_Documentation_WEO2017.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -oil,investment,396.0571,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Specific investment,2015.0 -oil,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -onwind,FOM,1.2127,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -onwind,VOM,1.5725,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Variable O&M,2015.0 -onwind,investment,1210.2219,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Nominal investment ,2015.0 -onwind,lifetime,26.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -organic rankine cycle,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551","Both for flash, binary and ORC plants. See Supplemental Material for details",2020.0 -organic rankine cycle,electricity-input,0.12,MWh_el/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, Electricity-output. This is a rough estimate, depends on input temperature, implies ~150 C.",2020.0 -organic rankine cycle,investment,1376.0,EUR/kW_el,Tartiere and Astolfi 2017: A world overview of the organic Rankine cycle market,"Low rollout complicates the estimation, compounded by a dependence both on plant size and temperature, converted from 1500 USD/kW using currency conversion 1.09 USD = 1 EUR.",2020.0 -organic rankine cycle,lifetime,30.0,years,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",,2020.0 -ror,FOM,2.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -ror,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -ror,investment,3412.2266,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 -ror,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -seawater RO desalination,electricity-input,0.003,MWHh_el/t_H2O,"Caldera et al. (2016): Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Fig. 4.",Desalination using SWRO. Assume medium salinity of 35 Practical Salinity Units (PSUs) = 35 kg/m^3., -seawater desalination,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2015.0 -seawater desalination,electricity-input,3.0348,kWh/m^3-H2O,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Fig. 4.",, -seawater desalination,investment,34796.4978,EUR/(m^3-H2O/h),"Caldera et al 2017: Learning Curve for Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination Plants: Capital Cost Trend of the Past, Present, and Future (https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR021402), Table 4.",,2015.0 -seawater desalination,lifetime,30.0,years,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",, -shipping fuel methanol,CO2 intensity,0.2482,tCO2/MWh_th,-,Based on stochiometric composition.,2020.0 -shipping fuel methanol,fuel,72.0,EUR/MWh_th,"Based on (source 1) Hampp et al (2022), https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.01092, and (source 2): https://www.methanol.org/methanol-price-supply-demand/; both accessed: 2022-12-03.",400 EUR/t assuming range roughly in the long-term range for green methanol (source 1) and late 2020+beyond values for grey methanol (source 2).,2020.0 -solar,FOM,1.5981,%/year,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop' and 50% 'solar-utility',2020.0 -solar,VOM,0.0106,EUR/MWhel,RES costs made up to fix curtailment order, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -solar,investment,726.0896,EUR/kW_e,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop' and 50% 'solar-utility',2020.0 -solar,lifetime,36.6667,years,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop' and 50% 'solar-utility',2020.0 -solar-rooftop,FOM,1.1834,%/year,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop,discount rate,0.04,per unit,standard for decentral, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -solar-rooftop,investment,943.7682,EUR/kW_e,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop,lifetime,36.6667,years,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,FOM,1.2649,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,investment,777.4281,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,lifetime,36.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,FOM,1.102,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,investment,1110.1082,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,lifetime,36.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-utility,FOM,2.0128,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-utility,investment,508.4111,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-utility,lifetime,36.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,FOM,1.9233,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,investment,590.9915,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,lifetime,36.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solid biomass,CO2 intensity,0.3667,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 18 GJ/t_DM LHV and 50% C-content for solid biomass,, -solid biomass,fuel,13.6489,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOOW1 (secondary forest residue wood chips), ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,FOM,5.7031,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,VOM,2.8216,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,investment,595.0455,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,lifetime,23.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,FOM,5.7031,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,VOM,2.8216,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,investment,595.0455,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,lifetime,23.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -solid biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -solid biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -solid biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.56,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, -solid biomass to hydrogen,investment,3707.4795,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,FOM,5.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",CO2 volume captured / (Stream flowrate * Max. capacity utilization * CO2 in exhaust * 8760),2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,investment,3561435.753,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 1342 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 3324000 t/year",2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -uranium,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -waste CHP,FOM,2.3664,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -waste CHP,VOM,30.5842,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -waste CHP,c_b,0.3012,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP,efficiency,0.1914,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7423,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP,investment,9152.4573,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -waste CHP,lifetime,23.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,FOM,2.3664,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,VOM,30.5842,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,c_b,0.3012,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,efficiency,0.1914,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.7423,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,investment,9152.4573,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,lifetime,23.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -water tank charger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -water tank discharger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 diff --git a/ariadne-data/costs/pessimist/costs_2035.csv b/ariadne-data/costs/pessimist/costs_2035.csv deleted file mode 100644 index 1d69f468a..000000000 --- a/ariadne-data/costs/pessimist/costs_2035.csv +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1238 +0,0 @@ -technology,parameter,value,unit,source,further description,currency_year -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,FOM,2.8,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,VOM,0.2389,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,electricity-input,1.38,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,investment,429.0306,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,lifetime,40.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,FOM,2.3,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,VOM,0.2389,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,electricity-input,1.416,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,investment,506.0332,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,FOM,2.3,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,VOM,0.1934,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,electricity-input,1.41,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,investment,582.922,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW, -Ammonia cracker,FOM,4.3,%/year,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 7.","Estimated based on Labour cost rate, Maintenance cost rate, Insurance rate, Admin. cost rate and Chemical & other consumables cost rate.",2015.0 -Ammonia cracker,ammonia-input,1.46,MWh_NH3/MWh_H2,"ENGIE et al (2020): Ammonia to Green Hydrogen Feasibility Study (https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/880826/HS420_-_Ecuity_-_Ammonia_to_Green_Hydrogen.pdf), Fig. 10.",Assuming a integrated 200t/d cracking and purification facility. Electricity demand (316 MWh per 2186 MWh_LHV H2 output) is assumed to also be ammonia LHV input which seems a fair assumption as the facility has options for a higher degree of integration according to the report)., -Ammonia cracker,investment,982536.4099,EUR/MW_H2,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 6.",Calculated. For a small (200 t_NH3/d input) facility. Base cost for facility: 51 MEUR at capacity 20 000m^3_NH3/h = 339 t_NH3/d input. Cost scaling exponent 0.67. Ammonia density 0.7069 kg/m^3. Conversion efficiency of cracker: 0.685. Ammonia LHV: 5.167 MWh/t_NH3.; and Calculated. For a large (2500 t_NH3/d input) facility. Base cost for facility: 51 MEUR at capacity 20 000m^3_NH3/h = 339 t_NH3/d input. Cost scaling exponent 0.67. Ammonia density 0.7069 kg/m^3. Conversion efficiency of cracker: 0.685. Ammonia LHV: 5.167 MWh/t_NH3.,2015.0 -Ammonia cracker,lifetime,25.0,years,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 7.",,2015.0 -BEV Bus city,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,Motor size,372.4138,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,efficiency,0.7965,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,investment,214506.8497,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Coach,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,Motor size,418.9655,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,efficiency,0.7797,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,investment,295046.6532,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,Motor size,641.3793,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,efficiency,1.3144,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,investment,151213.8954,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,lifetime,10.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,Motor size,412.069,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,efficiency,0.8284,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,investment,251193.9654,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,Motor size,832.7586,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,efficiency,1.4589,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,investment,167722.8037,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),FOM,0.9,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),efficiency,0.68,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),investment,24358.0,EUR/PKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (trucks),FOM,16.0,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (trucks),2020.0 -Battery electric (trucks),investment,134700.0,EUR/LKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (trucks),2020.0 -Battery electric (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (trucks),2020.0 -BioSNG,C in fuel,0.3645,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,C stored,0.6355,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,CO2 stored,0.233,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,FOM,1.3804,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Fixed O&M",2020.0 -BioSNG,VOM,2.5522,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Variable O&M",2020.0 -BioSNG,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -BioSNG,efficiency,0.675,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Bio SNG Output",2020.0 -BioSNG,investment,2711.67,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Specific investment",2020.0 -BioSNG,lifetime,25.0,years,TODO,"84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -BtL,C in fuel,0.2805,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,C stored,0.7195,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,CO2 stored,0.2638,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,FOM,23.5828,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Fixed O&M",2020.0 -BtL,VOM,1.203,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Variable O&M",2020.0 -BtL,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -BtL,efficiency,0.4,per unit,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Electricity Output",2020.0 -BtL,investment,2858.5639,EUR/kW_th,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Specific investment",2017.0 -BtL,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Technical lifetime",2020.0 -CCGT,FOM,2.9949,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -CCGT,VOM,6.0319,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Variable O&M",2015.0 -CCGT,c_b,2.1,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -CCGT,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -CCGT,efficiency,0.555,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -CCGT,investment,1047.6394,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Nominal investment",2015.0 -CCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -CH4 (g) fill compressor station,FOM,1.7,%/year,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0 -CH4 (g) fill compressor station,investment,1654.96,EUR/MW_CH4,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station cost.","Assume same ratio as between H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station, i.e. 1:19 , due to a lack of reliable numbers.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) fill compressor station,lifetime,20.0,years,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,FOM,1.5,%/year,Assume same as for H2 (g) pipeline in 2050 (CH4 pipeline as mature technology).,"Due to lack of numbers, use comparable H2 pipeline assumptions.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,electricity-input,0.01,MW_e/1000km/MW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: 112 6 gas Main distri line.","Assumption for gas pipeline >100MW, 0.1% per station and spacing of 100km yields 1%/1000km. Electric compression.",2015.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,investment,87.22,EUR/MW/km,Guesstimate.,"Based on Arab Gas Pipeline: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Gas_Pipeline: cost = 1.2e9 $-US (year = ?), capacity=10.3e9 m^3/a NG, l=1200km, NG-LHV=39MJ/m^3*90% (also Wikipedia estimate from here https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_of_combustion). Presumed to include booster station cost.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,lifetime,50.0,years,Assume same as for H2 (g) pipeline in 2050 (CH4 pipeline as mature technology).,"Due to lack of numbers, use comparable H2 pipeline assumptions.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,FOM,3.0,%/year,"d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material.",-,2015.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,electricity-input,0.01,MW_e/1000km/MW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: 112 6 gas Main distri line.","Assumption for gas pipeline >100MW, 0.1% per station and spacing of 100km yields 1%/1000km. Electric compression.",2015.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,investment,119.3173,EUR/MW/km,Kaiser (2017): 10.1016/j.marpol.2017.05.003 .,"Based on Gulfstream pipeline costs (430 mi long pipeline for natural gas in deep/shallow waters) of 2.72e6 USD/mi and 1.31 bn ft^3/d capacity (36 in diameter), LHV of methane 13.8888 MWh/t and density of 0.657 kg/m^3 and 1.17 USD:1EUR conversion rate = 102.4 EUR/MW/km. Number is without booster station cost. Estimation of additional cost for booster stations based on H2 (g) pipeline numbers from Guidehouse (2020): European Hydrogen Backbone report and Danish Energy Agency (2021): Technology Data for Energy Transport, were booster stations make ca. 6% of pipeline cost; here add additional 10% for booster stations as they need to be constructed submerged or on plattforms. (102.4*1.1).",2014.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,lifetime,30.0,years,"d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material.",-,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,capacity,58300.0,t_CH4,"Calculated, based on Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",based on 138 000 m^3 capacity and LNG density of 0.4226 t/m^3 .,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,investment,159791465.6831,EUR,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,lifetime,25.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2015.0 -CH4 evaporation,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 evaporation,investment,91.1101,EUR/kW_CH4,"Calculated, based on Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306","based on 100 MUSD-2005/(1 bcm/a), 1 bcm = 10.6 TWh, currency exchange rate: 1.15 USD=1 EUR.",2005.0 -CH4 evaporation,lifetime,30.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,electricity-input,0.036,MWh_el/MWh_CH4,"Pospíšil et al. (2019): Energy demand of liquefaction and regasification of natural gas and the potential of LNG for operative thermal energy storage (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.09.027), Table 2 and Table 3. alternative source 2: https://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/methane (accessed 2021-02-10).","Assuming 0.5 MWh/t_CH4 for refigeration cycle based on Table 2 of source; cleaning of gas presumed unnecessary as it should be nearly pure CH4 (=SNG). Assuming energy required is only electricity which is for Table 3 in the source provided with efficiencies of ~50% of LHV, making the numbers consistent with the numbers in Table 2.", -CH4 liquefaction,investment,241.443,EUR/kW_CH4,"Calculated, based on Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306","based on 265 MUSD-2005/(1 bcm/a), 1 bcm = 10.6 TWh, currency exchange rate: 1.15 USD=1 EUR.",2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,lifetime,25.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,methane-input,1.0,MWh_CH4/MWh_CH4,"Pospíšil et al. (2019): Energy demand of liquefaction and regasification of natural gas and the potential of LNG for operative thermal energy storage (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.09.027), Table 2 and Table 3. alternative source 2: https://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/methane (accessed 2021-02-10).","For refrigeration cycle, cleaning of gas presumed unnecessary as it should be nearly pure CH4 (=SNG). Assuming energy required is only electricity which is for Table 3 in the source provided with efficiencies of ~50% of LHV, making the numbers consistent with the numbers in Table 2.", -CO2 liquefaction,FOM,5.0,%/year,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,,2004.0 -CO2 liquefaction,carbondioxide-input,1.0,t_CO2/t_CO2,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,"Assuming a pure, humid, low-pressure input stream. Neglecting possible gross-effects of CO2 which might be cycled for the cooling process.", -CO2 liquefaction,electricity-input,0.123,MWh_el/t_CO2,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,, -CO2 liquefaction,heat-input,0.0067,MWh_th/t_CO2,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,For drying purposes., -CO2 liquefaction,investment,16.7226,EUR/t_CO2/h,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,"Plant capacity of 20 kt CO2 / d and an uptime of 85%. For a high purity, humid, low pressure input stream, includes drying and compression necessary for liquefaction.",2004.0 -CO2 liquefaction,lifetime,25.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on CH4 liquefaction.",,2004.0 -CO2 pipeline,FOM,0.9,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",,2015.0 -CO2 pipeline,investment,2116.4433,EUR/(tCO2/h)/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",Assuming the 120-500 t CO2/h range that is based on cost of a 12 inch onshore pipeline.,2015.0 -CO2 pipeline,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",,2015.0 -CO2 storage tank,FOM,1.0,%/year,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, pg. 2746 .","Assuming a 3000m^3 pressurised steel cylinder tanks and a CO2 density of 1100 kg/m^3 (close to triple point at -56.6°C and 5.2 bar with max density of 1200kg/m^3 ). Lauri et al. report costs 3x higher per m^3 for steel tanks, which are consistent with other sources. The numbers reported are in rather difficult to pinpoint as systems can greatly vary.",2013.0 -CO2 storage tank,investment,2584.3462,EUR/t_CO2,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, Table 3.","Assuming a 3000m^3 pressurised steel cylinder tanks and a CO2 density of 1100 kg/m^3 (close to triple point at -56.6°C and 5.2 bar with max density of 1200kg/m^3 ). Lauri et al. report costs 3x higher per m^3 for steel tanks, which are consistent with other sources. The numbers reported are in rather difficult to pinpoint as systems can greatly vary.",2013.0 -CO2 storage tank,lifetime,25.0,years,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, pg. 2746 .","Assuming a 3000m^3 pressurised steel cylinder tanks and a CO2 density of 1100 kg/m^3 (close to triple point at -56.6°C and 5.2 bar with max density of 1200kg/m^3 ). Lauri et al. report costs 3x higher per m^3 for steel tanks, which are consistent with other sources. The numbers reported are in rather difficult to pinpoint as systems can greatly vary.",2013.0 -CO2 submarine pipeline,FOM,0.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",,2015.0 -CO2 submarine pipeline,investment,4232.8865,EUR/(tCO2/h)/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",Assuming the 120-500 t CO2/h range that is based on cost of a 12 inch offshore pipeline.,2015.0 -Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,FOM,1.6,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,investment,448894.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,FOM,2.2,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,investment,1788360.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,FOM,2.2,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,investment,1787894.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,FOM,1.8,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,investment,1005.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,FOM,0.9265,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.64 (p.86) Figure 4.14","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,efficiency,0.7211,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.52^0.5']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,investment,946180.9426,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Turbine Compressor BOP EPC Management']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-store,FOM,0.43,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB 4.5.2.1 Fixed O&M p.62 (p.84)","{'carrier': ['pair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-store,investment,5448.7894,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.64 (p.86)","{'carrier': ['pair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Cavern Storage']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['pair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,investment,144192.2682,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,efficiency,0.4343,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,investment,576769.073,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Concrete-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['concrete'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Concrete-store,investment,24044.2324,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['concrete'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -Concrete-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['concrete'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -"Container feeder, ammonia",efficiency,0.7754,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container feeder, ammonia",investment,36714522.6264,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container feeder, ammonia",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container feeder, diesel",efficiency,0.7718,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, diesel",2023.0 -"Container feeder, diesel",investment,34966212.0251,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, diesel",2023.0 -"Container feeder, diesel",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, diesel",2023.0 -"Container feeder, methanol",efficiency,0.7711,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, methanol",2023.0 -"Container feeder, methanol",investment,35884174.4147,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, methanol",2023.0 -"Container feeder, methanol",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, methanol",2023.0 -"Container, ammonia",efficiency,1.7094,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container, ammonia",investment,125635594.6493,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container, ammonia",lifetime,31.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container, diesel",efficiency,1.6399,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, diesel",2023.0 -"Container, diesel",investment,119652947.2851,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, diesel",2023.0 -"Container, diesel",lifetime,32.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, diesel",2023.0 -"Container, methanol",efficiency,1.7001,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, methanol",2023.0 -"Container, methanol",investment,122644270.9672,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, methanol",2023.0 -"Container, methanol",lifetime,32.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, methanol",2023.0 -Diesel Bus city,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,Motor size,250.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,efficiency,1.8862,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,investment,150756.2732,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,Motor size,350.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,efficiency,2.0089,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,investment,231296.0768,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,FOM,0.0005,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,Motor size,380.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,efficiency,3.1541,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,investment,142012.114,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,lifetime,10.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,Motor size,273.1034,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,efficiency,2.0148,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,investment,155444.0931,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,Motor size,382.3529,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,efficiency,3.1242,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,investment,177515.1425,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,Motor size,405.5172,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,VOM,0.0979,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,efficiency,1.484,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,investment,289935.0389,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Coach,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,Motor size,405.5172,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,efficiency,1.4658,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,investment,356840.1722,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,Motor size,535.3448,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,efficiency,2.4337,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,investment,139809.9795,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,lifetime,10.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,Motor size,398.2759,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,efficiency,1.6195,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,investment,235054.9487,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,Motor size,398.2759,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,efficiency,2.7049,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,investment,257125.9981,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FT fuel transport ship,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -FT fuel transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_FTfuel,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -FT fuel transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -FT fuel transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.1.",,2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,VOM,3.4029,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",102 Hydrogen to Jet: Variable O&M,2020.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -Fischer-Tropsch,carbondioxide-input,0.3135,t_CO2/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","Input per 1t FT liquid fuels output, carbon efficiency increases with years (4.3, 3.9, 3.6, 3.3 t_CO2/t_FT from 2020-2050 with LHV 11.95 MWh_th/t_FT).", -Fischer-Tropsch,efficiency,0.799,per unit,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.2.",,2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,electricity-input,0.007,MWh_el/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","0.005 MWh_el input per FT output, output increasing from 2020 to 2050 (0.65, 0.7, 0.73, 0.75 MWh liquid FT output).", -Fischer-Tropsch,hydrogen-input,1.392,MWh_H2/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","0.995 MWh_H2 per output, output increasing from 2020 to 2050 (0.65, 0.7, 0.73, 0.75 MWh liquid FT output).", -Fischer-Tropsch,investment,657729.5552,EUR/MW_FT,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 8: “Reference scenario”.","Well developed technology, no significant learning expected.",2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (04/2022), Data sheet “Methanol to Power”.",,2017.0 -Gasnetz,FOM,2.5,%,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz,2020.0 -Gasnetz,investment,28.0,EUR/kWGas,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz,2020.0 -Gasnetz,lifetime,30.0,years,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz,2020.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),FOM,6.25,%/year,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , figure 7 and pg. 12 .",Assuming ca. 10 EUR/m^3/a (center value between stand alone and addon facility).,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),investment,137.8999,EUR/m^3,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 8F .",Assumed 20% lower than for product storage. Crude or middle distillate tanks are usually larger compared to product storage due to lower requirements on safety and different construction method. Reference size used here: 80 000 – 120 000 m^3 .,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),lifetime,30.0,years,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 11.",,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),FOM,6.25,%/year,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , figure 7 and pg. 12 .",Assuming ca. 10 EUR/m^3/a (center value between stand alone and addon facility).,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),investment,172.3748,EUR/m^3,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 8F .",Assumed at the higher end for addon facilities/mid-range for stand-alone facilities. Product storage usually smaller due to higher requirements on safety and different construction method. Reference size used here: 40 000 - 60 000 m^3 .,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),lifetime,30.0,years,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 11.",,2012.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.76 (p.98) Sentence 1 in 4.7.2 Operating Costs","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['1.5 percent of capital cost']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,efficiency,0.9274,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.36","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.86^0.5']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,investment,415570.5177,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 0% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,lifetime,41.7,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.36","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-store,investment,157381.7274,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 15% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['gravity'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Gravitational Capital (SB+BOS)']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-store,lifetime,41.7,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.36","{'carrier': ['gravity'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.76 (p.98) Sentence 1 in 4.7.2 Operating Costs","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['1.5 percent of capital cost']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,efficiency,0.9014,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level ((0.785+0.84)/2)^0.5']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,investment,365630.713,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 0% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-store,investment,121755.0274,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 15% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['gravitywa'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Gravitational Capital (SB+BOS)']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['gravitywa'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.76 (p.98) Sentence 1 in 4.7.2 Operating Costs","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['1.5 percent of capital cost']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,efficiency,0.9014,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level ((0.785+0.84)/2)^0.5']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,investment,905158.9602,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 0% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-store,investment,95982.5211,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 15% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['gravitywu'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Gravitational Capital (SB+BOS)']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['gravitywu'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -H2 (g) fill compressor station,FOM,1.7,%/year,"Guidehouse 2020: European Hydrogen Backbone report, https://guidehouse.com/-/media/www/site/downloads/energy/2020/gh_european-hydrogen-backbone_report.pdf (table 3, table 5)","Pessimistic (highest) value chosen for 48'' pipeline w/ 13GW_H2 LHV @ 100bar pressure. Currency year: Not clearly specified, assuming year of publication. Forecast year: Not clearly specified, guessing based on text remarks.",2020.0 -H2 (g) fill compressor station,investment,4738.7164,EUR/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), pg. 164, Figure 14 (Fill compressor).","Assumption for staging 35→140bar, 6000 MW_HHV single line pipeline. Considering HHV/LHV ration for H2.",2015.0 -H2 (g) fill compressor station,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), pg. 168, Figure 24 (Fill compressor).",,2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,FOM,2.75,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, > 6000 MW_HHV single line pipeline, incl. booster station investments. Considering LHV by scaling with LHV/HHV=0.8462623413.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,electricity-input,0.0185,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,investment,303.6845,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 4.4 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, > 6000 MW_HHV single line pipeline, incl. booster station investments. Considering LHV by scaling with LHV/HHV=0.8462623413.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,FOM,2.75,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.",Same as for new H2 (g) pipeline.,2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,electricity-input,0.0185,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,investment,129.4682,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line repurposed pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 0.8 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.",Same as for new H2 (g) pipeline.,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,FOM,3.0,%/year,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,electricity-input,0.0185,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,investment,456.1165,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line offshore pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 7.48 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,lifetime,30.0,years,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,FOM,3.0,%/year,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,electricity-input,0.0185,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,investment,160.1562,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line repurposed offshore pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 1.5 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,lifetime,30.0,years,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (l) storage tank,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.",Assuming currency year and technology year here (25 EUR/kg).,2015.0 -H2 (l) storage tank,investment,793.7456,EUR/MWh_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.","Assuming currency year and technology year here (25 EUR/kg). Future target cost. Today’s cost potentially higher according to d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material pg. 16.",2015.0 -H2 (l) storage tank,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.",Assuming currency year and technology year here (25 EUR/kg).,2015.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,capacity,11000.0,t_H2,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,investment,393737000.0,EUR,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,lifetime,20.0,years,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 evaporation,FOM,2.5,%/year,"DNV GL (2020): Study on the Import of Liquid Renewable Energy: Technology Cost Assessment, https://www.gie.eu/wp-content/uploads/filr/2598/DNV-GL_Study-GLE-Technologies-and-costs-analysis-on-imports-of-liquid-renewable-energy.pdf .",,2020.0 -H2 evaporation,investment,124.592,EUR/kW_H2,"IRENA (2022): Global Hydrogen Trade to Meet the 1.5° Climate Goal: Technology Review of Hydrogen Carriers, https://www.irena.org/publications/2022/Apr/Global-hydrogen-trade-Part-II , pg. 62f.","Pessimistic assumption for large scale facility / near-term estimate for medium sized facility, in between low / mid estimate with e.g. DNV numbers (Fig. 3.15).; and Optimistic assumption for large scale facility 2500 t/d, cf Fig. 3.15 .",2022.0 -H2 evaporation,lifetime,20.0,years,Guesstimate.,Based on lifetime of liquefaction plant.,2015.0 -H2 liquefaction,FOM,2.5,%/year,"DNV GL (2020): Study on the Import of Liquid Renewable Energy: Technology Cost Assessment, https://www.gie.eu/wp-content/uploads/filr/2598/DNV-GL_Study-GLE-Technologies-and-costs-analysis-on-imports-of-liquid-renewable-energy.pdf .",,2020.0 -H2 liquefaction,electricity-input,0.203,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"Heuser et al. (2019): Techno-economic analysis of a potential energy trading link between Patagonia and Japan based on CO2 free hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.12.156), table 1.","6.78 kWh/kg_H2, considering H2 with LHV of 33.3333 MWh/t", -H2 liquefaction,hydrogen-input,1.017,MWh_H2/MWh_H2,"Heuser et al. (2019): Techno-economic analysis of a potential energy trading link between Patagonia and Japan based on CO2 free hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.12.156), table 1.",corresponding to 1.65% losses during liquefaction, -H2 liquefaction,investment,800.9483,EUR/kW_H2,"IRENA (2022): Global Hydrogen Trade to Meet the 1.5° Climate Goal: Technology Review of Hydrogen Carriers, https://www.irena.org/publications/2022/Apr/Global-hydrogen-trade-Part-II , pg. 62f.","Assumption for a 200t/d facility (Pessimistic long-term or optimistic short-term value).; and Assumption for a large >300t/d, e.g. 2500 t/d facility (Optimistic long-term value without change in base technology mentioned in report).",2022.0 -H2 liquefaction,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2022.0 -H2 pipeline,FOM,3.0,%/year,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -H2 pipeline,investment,282.5452,EUR/MW/km,Welder et al https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.05.059, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -H2 pipeline,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,FOM,5.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,VOM,0.5118,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,electricity-input,0.097,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification,investment,1467.9399,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification,wood-input,1.804,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification CC,FOM,5.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification CC,VOM,0.5232,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification CC,electricity-input,0.143,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification CC,investment,1489.0957,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification CC,wood-input,1.804,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification,FOM,6.1,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification,VOM,0.5061,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification,coal-input,1.62,MWh_coal/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification,electricity-input,0.02,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification,investment,399.1168,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification CC,FOM,7.22,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification CC,VOM,0.1479,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification CC,coal-input,1.62,MWh_coal/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification CC,electricity-input,0.023,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification CC,investment,413.4481,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,FOM,5.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,VOM,0.1592,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,electricity-input,0.063,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,investment,491.1331,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,lifetime,25.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,oil-input,1.3,MWh_oil/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,FOM,4.9,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,VOM,0.2047,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,electricity-input,0.02,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,gas-input,1.25,MWh_NG/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,investment,180.0518,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,FOM,6.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,VOM,0.0796,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,electricity-input,0.039,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,gas-input,1.4,MWh_NG/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,investment,217.5863,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,FOM,4.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,VOM,0.7393,EUR/MWh,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,electricity-input,0.044,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,investment,590.6564,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,wood-input,1.36,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -HVAC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVAC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVAC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,investment,165803.0398,EUR/MW,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC submarine,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0 -HVDC submarine,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1,2017.0 -HVDC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0 -HVDC underground,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 -HVDC underground,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1 (same as for HVDC submarine),2017.0 -HVDC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 -Haber-Bosch,FOM,3.0712,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,VOM,0.0338,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Variable O&M,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,electricity-input,0.2473,MWh_el/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), table 11.",Assume 5 GJ/t_NH3 for compressors and NH3 LHV = 5.16666 MWh/t_NH3., -Haber-Bosch,hydrogen-input,1.1484,MWh_H2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.","178 kg_H2 per t_NH3, LHV for both assumed.", -Haber-Bosch,investment,1427.0593,EUR/kW_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,nitrogen-input,0.1597,t_N2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.",".33 MWh electricity are required for ASU per t_NH3, considering 0.4 MWh are required per t_N2 and LHV of NH3 of 5.1666 Mwh.", -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,investment,144192.2682,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,efficiency,0.4444,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,investment,576769.073,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['salthight'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-store,investment,94107.5489,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['salthight'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['salthight'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),FOM,1.1,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),efficiency,0.48,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),investment,30720.0,EUR/PKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),FOM,13.0,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),efficiency,0.56,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),investment,117600.0,EUR/LKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,FOM,0.6345,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,efficiency,0.6963,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133) include inverter 0.98 & transformer efficiency 0.98 ","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Electrolyzer']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,investment,347170.8209,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.113 (p.135)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Electrolyzer']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,lifetime,30.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,FOM,0.5812,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,efficiency,0.4869,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133) include inverter 0.98 & transformer efficiency 0.98 ","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Fuel Cell']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,investment,379007.4464,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.113 (p.135)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Fuel Cell']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,lifetime,30.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-store,FOM,0.43,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB =(C38+C39)*0.43/4","{'carrier': ['h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-store,investment,4779.9527,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.113 (p.135)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Cavern Storage']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-store,lifetime,30.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LNG storage tank,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank with comparable requirements.",Currency year and technology year assumed based on publication date.,2019.0 -LNG storage tank,investment,666.634,EUR/m^3,"Hurskainen 2019, https://cris.vtt.fi/en/publications/liquid-organic-hydrogen-carriers-lohc-concept-evaluation-and-tech pg. 46 (59).",Currency year and technology year assumed based on publication date.,2019.0 -LNG storage tank,lifetime,20.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank with comparable requirements.",Currency year and technology year assumed based on publication date.,2019.0 -LOHC chemical,investment,2500.0,EUR/t,"Runge et al 2020, pg.7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC chemical,lifetime,20.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, pg.7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation,investment,53681.4988,EUR/MW_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",per MW H2 (LHV). For a large plant of 1000 MW capacity. Calculated based on base CAPEX of 30 MEUR for 300 t/day capacity and a scale factor of 0.6.,2015.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),FOM,3.0,%/year,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),investment,839000.0,EUR/MW_H2,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",MW of H2 LHV. For a small plant of 0.9 MW capacity.,2020.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),lifetime,20.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,electricity-input,0.004,MWh_el/t_HLOHC,Niermann et al. (2019): (https://doi.org/10.1039/C8EE02700E). 6A .,"Flow in figures shows 0.2 MW for 114 MW_HHV = 96.4326 MW_LHV = 2.89298 t hydrogen. At 5.6 wt-% effective H2 storage for loaded LOHC (H18-DBT, HLOHC), corresponds to 51.6604 t loaded LOHC .", -LOHC hydrogenation,hydrogen-input,1.867,MWh_H2/t_HLOHC,"Runge et al 2020, pg. 7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",Considering 5.6 wt-% H2 in loaded LOHC (HLOHC) and LHV of H2., -LOHC hydrogenation,investment,54243.958,EUR/MW_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",per MW H2 (LHV). For a large plant of 2000 MW capacity. Calculated based on base CAPEX of 40 MEUR for 300 t/day capacity and a scale factor of 0.6.,2015.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,lohc-input,0.944,t_LOHC/t_HLOHC,"Runge et al 2020, pg. 7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514","Loaded LOHC (H18-DBT, HLOHC) has loaded only 5.6%-wt H2 as rate of discharge is kept at ca. 90%.", -LOHC loaded DBT storage,FOM,6.25,%/year,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -LOHC loaded DBT storage,investment,151.5383,EUR/t,"Density via Wissenschaftliche Dienste des Deutschen Bundestages 2020, https://www.bundestag.de/resource/blob/816048/454e182d5956d45a664da9eb85486f76/WD-8-058-20-pdf-data.pdf , pg. 11.","Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared. Density of loaded LOHC H18-DBT is 0.91 t/m^3.",2012.0 -LOHC loaded DBT storage,lifetime,30.0,years,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -LOHC transport ship,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_LOHC,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC unloaded DBT storage,FOM,6.25,%/year,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -LOHC unloaded DBT storage,investment,134.2745,EUR/t,"Density via Wissenschaftliche Dienste des Deutschen Bundestages 2020, https://www.bundestag.de/resource/blob/816048/454e182d5956d45a664da9eb85486f76/WD-8-058-20-pdf-data.pdf , pg. 11.","Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared. Density of loaded LOHC H18-DBT is 0.91 t/m^3, density of unloaded LOHC H0-DBT is 1.04 t/m^3 but unloading is only to 90% (depth-of-discharge), assume density via linearisation of 1.027 t/m^3.",2012.0 -LOHC unloaded DBT storage,lifetime,30.0,years,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,FOM,2.4427,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,efficiency,0.8832,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.78^0.5']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,investment,128853.6139,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-store,FOM,0.2542,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['lead'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-store,investment,320631.3818,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['lead'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-store,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['lead'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),FOM,1.6,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),efficiency,0.215,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),investment,25622.0,EUR/PKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),FOM,16.6,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),efficiency,0.373,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),investment,108086.0,EUR/LKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,FOM,0.366,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,investment,475721.2289,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Figure 9 of reference roughly 80% of capital cost are power related 47%/80% of costs are required for liquefaction (charging)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,FOM,0.5212,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,efficiency,0.55,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE 0.545 assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,investment,334017.033,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, NULL","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-store,FOM,0.3208,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['lair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-store,investment,159004.771,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['lair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Liquid Air SB and BOS']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['lair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,FOM,2.1198,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,efficiency,0.9193,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.8452^0.5']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,investment,81553.4846,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,lifetime,16.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-store,FOM,0.0447,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['lfp'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-store,investment,236482.8109,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['lfp'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-store,lifetime,16.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['lfp'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,FOM,2.1198,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,efficiency,0.9193,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.8452^0.5']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,investment,81553.4846,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,lifetime,13.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-store,FOM,0.038,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['nmc'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-store,investment,269576.8493,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['nmc'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-store,lifetime,13.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['nmc'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,investment,144192.2682,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,efficiency,0.5394,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,investment,576769.073,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-store,investment,58041.2003,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_MeOH,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",,2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,investment,18016.8665,EUR/MW_H2,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.","For high temperature steam reforming plant with a capacity of 200 MW_H2 output (6t/h). Reference plant of 1 MW (30kg_H2/h) costs 150kEUR, scale factor of 0.6 assumed.",2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",,2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,methanol-input,1.201,MWh_MeOH/MWh_H2,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",Assuming per 1 t_H2 (with LHV 33.3333 MWh/t): 4.5 MWh_th and 3.2 MWh_el are required. We assume electricity can be substituted / provided with 1:1 as heat energy., -NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank.",,2010.0 -NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,investment,166.8201,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Calculated based on Morgan E. 2013: doi:10.7275/11KT-3F59 , Fig. 55, Fig 58.","Based on estimated for a double-wall liquid ammonia tank (~ambient pressure, -33°C), inner tank from stainless steel, outer tank from concrete including installations for liquefaction/condensation, boil-off gas recovery and safety installations; the necessary installations make only a small fraction of the total cost. The total cost are driven by material and working time on the tanks. -While the costs do not scale strictly linearly, we here assume they do (good approximation c.f. ref. Fig 55.) and take the costs for a 9 kt NH3 (l) tank = 8 M$2010, which is smaller 4-5x smaller than the largest deployed tanks today. -We assume an exchange rate of 1.17$ to 1 €. -The investment value is given per MWh NH3 store capacity, using the LHV of NH3 of 5.18 MWh/t.",2010.0 -NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,lifetime,20.0,years,"Morgan E. 2013: doi:10.7275/11KT-3F59 , pg. 290",,2010.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B",,2019.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,capacity,53000.0,t_NH3,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B",,2019.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,investment,81164200.0,EUR,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B",,2019.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,lifetime,20.0,years,"Guess estimated based on H2 (l) tanker, but more mature technology",,2019.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,FOM,2.1198,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['((0.75-0.87)/2)^0.5 mean value of range efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,investment,81553.4846,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) same as Li-LFP","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-store,FOM,0.2262,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-store,investment,267837.874,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-store,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -OCGT,FOM,1.5657,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -OCGT,VOM,5.0266,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Variable O&M,2015.0 -OCGT,efficiency,0.415,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","52 OCGT - Natural gas: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -OCGT,investment,523.4768,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 -OCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -PEM electrolyzer small size,FOM,3.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW,2010.0 -PEM electrolyzer small size,electricity-input,1.31,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW, -PEM electrolyzer small size,investment,1080.5384,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW,2010.0 -PEM electrolyzer small size,lifetime,7.5,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`","Likely stack lifetime, rather than electrolyzer system lifetime", -PHS,FOM,1.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -PHS,efficiency,0.75,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -PHS,investment,2274.8177,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 -PHS,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,FOM,0.366,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Charger']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,investment,761782.6727,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Figure 9 of reference roughly 80% of capital cost are power related 47%/80% of costs are required for liquefaction (charging)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,lifetime,33.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,FOM,0.5212,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,efficiency,0.63,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE 0.62 assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,investment,534868.6851,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, NULL","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,lifetime,33.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-store,FOM,0.1528,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.103 (p.125)","{'carrier': ['phes'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-store,investment,11546.7963,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.92 (p.114)","{'carrier': ['phes'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Molten Salt based SB and BOS']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-store,lifetime,33.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['phes'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,FOM,0.9951,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, Figure 4.16","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,efficiency,0.8944,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.8^0.5']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,investment,1397128.4612,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Powerhouse Construction & Infrastructure']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-store,FOM,0.43,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['phs'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-store,investment,57074.0625,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['phs'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Reservoir Construction & Infrastructure']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['phs'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -SMR,FOM,5.0,%/year,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR,efficiency,0.76,per unit (in LHV),"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SMR,investment,522201.0492,EUR/MW_CH4,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR,lifetime,30.0,years,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SMR CC,FOM,5.0,%/year,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR CC,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",wide range: capture rates between 54%-90%, -SMR CC,efficiency,0.69,per unit (in LHV),"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SMR CC,investment,605753.2171,EUR/MW_CH4,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR CC,lifetime,30.0,years,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SOEC,FOM,4.0,%/year,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,US-based assumptions for a Conservative cost scenario,2022.0 -SOEC,electricity-input,1.17,MWh_el/MWh_H2,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,, -SOEC,investment,2188.8138,USD/kW,"ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions, https://theicct.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/fuels-eu-cost-renew-H-produced-onsite-H-refueling-stations-europe-feb22.pdf adjusted according to DOE observations https://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/docs/hydrogenprogramlibraries/pdfs/24005-clean-hydrogen-production-cost-pem-electrolyzer.pdf?sfvrsn=8cb10889_1#:~:text=This%20Record%20shows%20that%20the,factors%20of%2050%2D75%25",US-based assumptions for a Conservative cost scenario,2022.0 -SOEC,lifetime,30.0,years,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,, -Sand-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Sand-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Sand-charger,investment,144192.2682,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Sand-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,efficiency,0.53,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,investment,576769.073,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Sand-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['sand'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Sand-store,investment,6700.8517,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.100 (p.122)","{'carrier': ['sand'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -Sand-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['sand'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Steam methane reforming,FOM,3.0,%/year,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW).,2015.0 -Steam methane reforming,investment,497454.611,EUR/MW_H2,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW). Currency conversion 1.17 USD = 1 EUR.,2015.0 -Steam methane reforming,lifetime,30.0,years,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW).,2015.0 -Steam methane reforming,methane-input,1.483,MWh_CH4/MWh_H2,"Keipi et al (2018): Economic analysis of hydrogen production by methane thermal decomposition (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2017.12.063), table 2.","Large scale SMR plant producing 2.5 kg/s H2 output (assuming 33.3333 MWh/t H2 LHV), with 6.9 kg/s CH4 input (feedstock) and 2 kg/s CH4 input (energy). Neglecting water consumption.", -"Tank&bulk, diesel",efficiency,0.462,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, diesel",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, diesel",investment,35129312.4041,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, diesel",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, diesel",lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, diesel",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, methanol",efficiency,0.4695,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, methanol",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, methanol",investment,36007545.2142,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, methanol",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, methanol",lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, methanol",2023.0 -"Tankbulk, ammonia",efficiency,0.471,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tankbulk, ammonia",2023.0 -"Tankbulk, ammonia",investment,36885778.0243,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tankbulk, ammonia",2023.0 -"Tankbulk, ammonia",lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tankbulk, ammonia",2023.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,FOM,2.4395,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,efficiency,0.8062,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.65^0.5']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,investment,129023.0526,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-store,FOM,0.2345,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['vanadium'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-store,investment,258072.8586,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['vanadium'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-store,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['vanadium'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,FOM,2.4395,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,efficiency,0.7937,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.25 ","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['(0.63)^0.5 efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,investment,129023.0526,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,lifetime,25.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-store,FOM,0.1654,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-store,investment,174388.0144,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.48 (p.70) text below Table 4.12","{'carrier': ['znair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-store,lifetime,25.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['znair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,FOM,2.1198,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,efficiency,0.8307,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.25 ","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['(0.69)^0.5 efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,investment,81553.4846,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,lifetime,10.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.27","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-store,FOM,0.2576,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znbrflow'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-store,investment,412306.5947,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['znbrflow'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-store,lifetime,10.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.27","{'carrier': ['znbrflow'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,FOM,2.4395,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,efficiency,0.8888,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.25","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': [' (0.79)^0.5 efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,investment,129023.0526,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,FOM,0.2244,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,investment,239220.5823,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -air separation unit,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -air separation unit,electricity-input,0.25,MWh_el/t_N2,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), p.288.","For consistency reasons use value from Danish Energy Agency. DEA also reports range of values (0.2-0.4 MWh/t_N2) on pg. 288. Other efficienices reported are even higher, e.g. 0.11 Mwh/t_N2 from Morgan (2013): Techno-Economic Feasibility Study of Ammonia Plants Powered by Offshore Wind .", -air separation unit,investment,501696.1199,EUR/t_N2/h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 -air separation unit,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -allam,VOM,2.0,EUR/MWh,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -allam,efficiency,0.6,p.u.,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -allam,investment,1500.0,EUR/kW,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -allam,lifetime,30.0,years,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,FOM,5.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.99,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",CO2 volume captured / (Stream flowrate * Max. capacity utilization * CO2 in exhaust * 8760),2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.1,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,investment,929753.03,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 41 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 389000 t/year",2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -battery inverter,FOM,0.2077,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -battery inverter,efficiency,0.95,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2020.0 -battery inverter,investment,276.484,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2020.0 -battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -battery storage,investment,216.9336,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2020.0 -battery storage,lifetime,17.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,FOM,100.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,VOM,480.1251,EUR/MWh_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-biochar,1.0,MWh_biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency biochar",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-heat,3.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency heat",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,investment,480125.1,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.144,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0 -biodiesel crops,fuel,137.5968,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIORPS1 (rape seed), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -bioethanol crops,CO2 intensity,0.1289,tCO2/MWh_th,,"CO2 released during fermentation of bioethanol crops, based on stochiometric composition: C6H12O6 -> 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2 , i.e. 1 kg ethanol → ~0.956 kg CO₂ (from fermentation) → 0.1289 tCO₂/MWh (with LHV = 26.7 MJ/kg).", -bioethanol crops,fuel,84.2795,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOCRP11 (Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -biogas,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 -biogas,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biogas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, -biogas,fuel,62.4351,EUR/MWhth,JRC and Zappa, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biogas,investment,900.4993,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 -biogas,lifetime,22.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biogas CC,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas CC,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 -biogas CC,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biogas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, -biogas CC,investment,900.4993,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 -biogas CC,lifetime,22.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biogas manure,fuel,19.8729,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOGAS1 (manure), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,FOM,47.2037,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,VOM,2.8818,EUR/MWh_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Variable O&M,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,investment,1279.9082,EUR/kW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Specific investment,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -biogas upgrading,FOM,17.0397,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Fixed O&M ",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,VOM,3.718,EUR/MWh output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Variable O&M",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,investment,172.4103,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: investment (upgrading, methane redution and grid injection)",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,lifetime,22.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biomass,FOM,4.5269,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,efficiency,0.468,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,fuel,7.4076,EUR/MWhth,IEA2011b, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,investment,2337.6116,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,lifetime,30.0,years,ECF2010 in DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass CHP,FOM,3.4587,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass CHP,VOM,2.4796,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -biomass CHP,c_b,0.5326,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -biomass CHP,efficiency,0.2847,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.5896,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass CHP,investment,3900.9507,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -biomass CHP,lifetime,22.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,capture_rate,0.945,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-electricity-input,0.095,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-heat-output,0.155,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,electricity-input,0.0275,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-input,0.7765,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-output,0.7765,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,investment,3050000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass EOP,FOM,3.4587,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass EOP,VOM,2.4796,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -biomass EOP,c_b,0.5326,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -biomass EOP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -biomass EOP,efficiency,0.2847,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass EOP,efficiency-heat,0.5896,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass EOP,investment,3900.9507,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -biomass EOP,lifetime,22.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass HOP,FOM,5.4199,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Fixed O&M, heat output",2015.0 -biomass HOP,VOM,3.1504,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Variable O&M heat output,2015.0 -biomass HOP,efficiency,0.9562,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass HOP,investment,1039.6982,EUR/kW_th - heat output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Nominal investment ,2015.0 -biomass HOP,lifetime,22.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -biomass boiler,FOM,6.1416,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass boiler,efficiency,0.8124,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -biomass boiler,investment,890.3211,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Specific investment",2015.0 -biomass boiler,lifetime,17.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass boiler,pelletizing cost,9.0,EUR/MWh_pellets,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.109506,,2019.0 -biomass-to-methanol,C in fuel,0.6464,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,C stored,0.3536,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,CO2 stored,0.1296,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,FOM,17.9377,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,VOM,11.4338,EUR/MWh_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Variable O&M,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency,0.955,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Methanol Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-electricity,0.635,MWh_e/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Electricity Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-heat,0.735,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: District heat Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,investment,3433.7362,EUR/kW_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Specific investment,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,FOM,14.18,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",123.67 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘BF-BOF’.,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,coal-input,1.43,MWh_coal/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15). ","Based on process ‘Avg BF-BOF` using 195 kg_PCI/t_HM (PCI = Pulverized Coal Injected; HM = Hot Metal) as substitute for coke, 24 MJ/kg as LHV for coal and 1 : 1.1 as HM-to-steel ratio.",2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15).",,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,investment,7637406.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",871.85 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘Avg BF-BOF’.,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15).",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,ore-input,1.539,t_ore/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",Based on process ‘Avg BF-BOF`,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,scrap-input,0.051,t_scrap/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",Based on process ‘Avg BF-BOF`,2020.0 -cement capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,capture_rate,0.945,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,compression-electricity-input,0.095,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,compression-heat-output,0.155,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,electricity-input,0.023,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,heat-input,0.7765,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,heat-output,1.6,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,investment,2700000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,FOM,7.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",CO2 volume captured / (Stream flowrate * Max. capacity utilization * CO2 in exhaust * 8760),2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,investment,2587727.173,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 247 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 842000 t/year",2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement dry clinker,FOM,4.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,VOM,5.2911,EUR/t_clinker,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,electricity-input,0.0694,MWh_el/t_clinker,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original values 0.25 PJ per Mt clinker,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,gas-input,0.0002,MWh_NG/t_clinker,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original values 0.0058 PJ per Mt clinker,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,heat-input,0.9444,MWh_th/t_CO2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original values 3.4 PJ per Mt clinker,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,investment,1158752.6816,EUR/t_clinker/h,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original value 125 EUR/t/year,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,lifetime,30.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement finishing,FOM,30.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement finishing,VOM,3.1747,EUR/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement finishing,clinker-input,0.656,t_cl/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND_Trans.xlsx`, Sheet `IND_Trans` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer),2015.0 -cement finishing,electricity-input,0.1736,MWh_el/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND_Trans.xlsx`, Sheet `IND_Trans` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer) with original value 0.6251 PJ per Mt cement.,2015.0 -cement finishing,investment,92700.2145,EUR/t_cement/h,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original value 10 EUR/t/year,2015.0 -cement finishing,lifetime,25.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer),2015.0 -cement finishing,slag-input,0.194,t_slag/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND_Trans.xlsx`, Sheet `IND_Trans` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer),2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.2943,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.3175,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.05,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Total efficiency, net, name plate",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,investment,1258.4706,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central coal CHP,FOM,1.6316,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central coal CHP,VOM,2.9751,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central coal CHP,c_b,0.84,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -central coal CHP,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cv coefficient,2015.0 -central coal CHP,efficiency,0.51,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","01 Coal CHP: Electricity efficiency, condensation mode, net",2015.0 -central coal CHP,investment,1949.1778,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central coal CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.4328,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.3069,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,efficiency,5.1,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,investment,855.76,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas CHP,FOM,2.6042,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP,VOM,4.9736,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP,c_b,1.08,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central gas CHP,c_v,0.17,per unit,DEA (loss of fuel for additional heat), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central gas CHP,efficiency,0.39,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central gas CHP,investment,761.9196,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central gas CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,FOM,2.6042,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,VOM,4.9736,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,c_b,1.08,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,efficiency,0.39,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,investment,761.9196,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas boiler,FOM,1.4355,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central gas boiler,VOM,1.7461,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central gas boiler,efficiency,0.985,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","44 Natural Gas DH Only: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central gas boiler,investment,164.0244,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central gas boiler,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,FOM,0.685,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,VOM,4.8742,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,investment,3476.0842,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.3666,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,VOM,0.6783,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,1.705,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,investment,721.7071,EUR/kW_th excluding drive energy,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,FOM,4.7727,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,efficiency,0.48,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,investment,1164.0438,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central resistive heater,FOM,0.8625,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central resistive heater,VOM,1.0053,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central resistive heater,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","41 Electric Boilers: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central resistive heater,investment,126.9866,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Nominal investment; 10/15 kV; >10 MW,2015.0 -central resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central solar thermal,FOM,1.4,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solar thermal,investment,148151.0278,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,FOM,2.7961,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,VOM,5.4303,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,c_b,0.4184,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency,0.2545,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.6528,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,investment,4163.1206,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,lifetime,22.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,FOM,2.7961,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,VOM,5.4303,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_b,0.4184,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency,0.2545,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.6528,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,investment,6178.4528,EUR/kW_e,Combination of central solid biomass CHP CC and solid biomass boiler steam,,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,lifetime,22.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,FOM,2.7961,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,VOM,5.4303,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_b,0.4184,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency,0.2545,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency-heat,0.6528,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,investment,4163.1206,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,lifetime,22.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central water pit charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2020.0 -central water pit discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2020.0 -central water pit storage,Bottom storage temperature,35.0,⁰C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Typical bottom storage temperature,2020.0 -central water pit storage,FOM,0.2354,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -central water pit storage,Top storage temperature,90.0,⁰C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Typical max. storage temperature,2020.0 -central water pit storage,energy to power ratio,39.1304,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2020.0 -central water pit storage,investment,1.0622,EUR/kWh Capacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Specific investment,2020.0 -central water pit storage,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -central water pit storage,standing losses,0.0087,%/hour,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Energy losses during storage,2020.0 -central water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2020.0 -central water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2020.0 -central water tank storage,FOM,1.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central water tank storage,energy to power ratio,59.7561,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2020.0 -central water tank storage,investment,5.6066,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Specific investment,2020.0 -central water tank storage,lifetime,35.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -central water tank storage,standing losses,0.0089,%/hour,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Energy losses during storage,2020.0 -central water tank storage,temperature difference,57.5,"hot/cold, K","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Typical temperature difference,2020.0 -clean water tank storage,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0 -clean water tank storage,investment,69.1286,EUR/m^3-H2O,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0 -clean water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",, -coal,CO2 intensity,0.3361,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid-Emissionen des deutschen Strommix in den Jahren 1990 - 2018,, -coal,FOM,1.31,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100.",2023.0 -coal,VOM,3.2612,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3+5.5)USD/MWh_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR).",2023.0 -coal,efficiency,0.356,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. 1 / ((8.75+12) MMbtu/MWh_th /2 / (3.4095 MMbtu/MWh_th)), rounded up.",2023.0 -coal,fuel,9.5542,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on IEA 2011 data, 99 USD/t.",2010.0 -coal,investment,3827.1629,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Higher costs include coal plants with CCS, but since using here for calculating the average nevertheless. Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3200+6775) USD/kW_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR).",2023.0 -coal,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 -csp-tower,FOM,1.2,%/year,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power),Ratio between CAPEX and FOM from ATB database for “moderate” scenario.,2020.0 -csp-tower,investment,104.17,"EUR/kW_th,dp",ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include solar field and solar tower as well as EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant). Total costs (223,708,924 USD) are divided by active area (heliostat reflective area, 1,269,054 m2) and multiplied by design point DNI (0.95 kW/m2) to obtain EUR/kW_th. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR.",2020.0 -csp-tower,lifetime,30.0,years,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power),-,2020.0 -csp-tower TES,FOM,1.2,%/year,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -csp-tower TES,investment,13.955,EUR/kWh_th,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include the TES incl. EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant, 2.791 MW_th TES). Total costs (69390776.7 USD) are divided by TES size to obtain EUR/kW_th. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR.",2020.0 -csp-tower TES,lifetime,30.0,years,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -csp-tower power block,FOM,1.2,%/year,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -csp-tower power block,investment,729.755,EUR/kW_e,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include the power cycle incl. BOP and EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant). Total costs (135185685.5 USD) are divided by power block nameplate capacity size to obtain EUR/kW_e. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR.",2020.0 -csp-tower power block,lifetime,30.0,years,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -decentral CHP,FOM,3.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral CHP,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral CHP,investment,1481.5103,EUR/kWel,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,FOM,2.6777,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.25,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.3 Air to water existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,905.8377,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,16.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,FOM,5.93,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,efficiency,0.975,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","202 Natural gas boiler: Total efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,investment,167.4529,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,lifetime,17.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler connection,investment,116.4161,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Possible additional specific investment,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler connection,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,1.8485,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.7,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.7 Ground source existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,1312.1948,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,17.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,FOM,2.0,%/year,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,investment,165.0975,EUR/kWth,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf) (+eigene Berechnung), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,FOM,2.0,%/year,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,investment,105.8222,EUR/kWhth,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,FOM,1.3,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,investment,285719.8393,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2020.0 -decentral water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,FOM,1.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,VOM,0.9729,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Variable O&M,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,energy to power ratio,0.3667,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,investment,276.4946,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Specific investment,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,lifetime,22.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,standing losses,1.55,%/hour,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Energy losses during storage,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,temperature difference,45.0,"hot/cold, K","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Typical temperature difference,2020.0 -digestible biomass,fuel,17.0611,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOAGRW1, ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0 -digestible biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -digestible biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -digestible biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.39,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, -digestible biomass to hydrogen,investment,3442.6595,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -direct air capture,FOM,4.95,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,compression-electricity-input,0.15,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,compression-heat-output,0.2,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,electricity-input,0.4,MWh_el/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","0.4 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 0.182 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019). Should already include electricity for water scrubbing and compression (high quality CO2 output).",2020.0 -direct air capture,heat-input,1.6,MWh_th/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","Thermal energy demand. Provided via air-sourced heat pumps. 1.6 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 1.102 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019).",2020.0 -direct air capture,heat-output,1.125,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,investment,7000000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct firing gas,FOM,1.1212,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas,VOM,0.2832,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing gas,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing gas,lifetime,12.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,FOM,1.1212,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,VOM,0.2832,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,lifetime,12.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,FOM,1.4773,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,VOM,0.3314,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,lifetime,12.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,FOM,1.4773,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,VOM,0.3314,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,lifetime,12.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Based on https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/capesize-freight-returns-below-operating-expense-levels-but-shipowners-reject-lay-ups/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","5000 USD/d OPEX, exchange rate: 1.15 USD = 1 EUR; absolute value calculate relative to investment cost.",2020.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,capacity,180000.0,t,-,"DWT; corresponds to size of Capesize bulk carriers which have previously docked at the habour in Hamburg, Germany. Short of 200 kt limit for VLBCs.",2020.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,investment,40000000.0,EUR,"Based on https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/dry-bulk-carriers-in-high-demand-as-rates-keep-rallying/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","See figure for ‘Dry Bulk Newbuild Prices’, Capesize at end of 2020. Exchange rate: 1.15 USD = 1 EUR.",2020.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,lifetime,25.0,years,"Based on https://mfame.guru/fall-life-expectancy-bulk-carriers/, accessed: 2022-12-03.",Expected lifetime.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,FOM,30.0,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","EAF has high OPEX of 62.99 EUR/year/t_steel, presumably because of electrode corrosion.",2020.0 -electric arc furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,electricity-input,0.6395,MWh_el/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘EAF’. ,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,hbi-input,1.0,t_hbi/t_steel,-,Assume HBI instead of scrap as input.Scrap would require higher input (in tonnes) as steel content is lower.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,investment,1839600.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",210 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘EAF’.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,FOM,30.0,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","EAF has high OPEX of 62.99 EUR/year/t_steel, presumably because of electrode corrosion.",2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,electricity-input,0.6395,MWh_el/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘EAF’. ,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,hbi-input,0.37,t_hbi/t_steel,"World Steel Association, Fact Sheet – Steel and raw materials: https://worldsteel.org/wp-content/uploads/Fact-sheet-raw-materials-2023-1.pdf, Accessed 2024-04-17.",Assume HBI instead of scrap as input.Scrap would require higher input (in tonnes) as steel content is lower.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,investment,1839600.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",210 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘EAF’.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,scrap-input,0.71,t_scrap/t_steel,"World Steel Association, Fact Sheet – Steel and raw materials: https://worldsteel.org/wp-content/uploads/Fact-sheet-raw-materials-2023-1.pdf, Accessed 2024-04-17.",,2020.0 -electric boiler steam,FOM,1.3267,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Fixed O&M,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,VOM,0.8283,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Variable O&M,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,efficiency,0.985,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","310.1 Electric boiler steam : Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -electric boiler steam,investment,75.525,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Nominal investment,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,lifetime,22.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Technical lifetime,2019.0 -electric steam cracker,FOM,3.0,%/year,Guesstimate,,2015.0 -electric steam cracker,VOM,190.4799,EUR/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",,2015.0 -electric steam cracker,carbondioxide-output,0.55,t_CO2/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), ",The report also references another source with 0.76 t_CO2/t_HVC, -electric steam cracker,electricity-input,2.7,MWh_el/t_HVC,"Lechtenböhmer et al. (2016): 10.1016/j.energy.2016.07.110, Section 4.3, page 6.",Assuming electrified processing., -electric steam cracker,investment,11124025.7434,EUR/(t_HVC/h),"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",Assuming CAPEX of 1200 €/t actually given in €/(t/a).,2015.0 -electric steam cracker,lifetime,30.0,years,Guesstimate,, -electric steam cracker,naphtha-input,14.8,MWh_naphtha/t_HVC,"Lechtenböhmer et al. (2016): 10.1016/j.energy.2016.07.110, Section 4.3, page 6.",, -electricity distribution grid,FOM,2.0,%/year,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity distribution grid,investment,529.1108,EUR/kW,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity distribution grid,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity grid connection,FOM,2.0,%/year,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity grid connection,investment,148.151,EUR/kW,DEA, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity grid connection,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electrobiofuels,C in fuel,0.9281,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,FOM,23.5828,%/year,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2015.0 -electrobiofuels,VOM,3.541,EUR/MWh_th,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2017.0 -electrobiofuels,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -electrobiofuels,efficiency-biomass,1.3233,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,efficiency-hydrogen,1.2339,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,efficiency-tot,0.6385,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,investment,428759.8057,EUR/kW_th,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2017.0 -electrolysis,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 -electrolysis,efficiency,0.6465,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 -electrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.193,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 -electrolysis,investment,1350.0,EUR/kW_e,private communications; IEA https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/9e0c82d4-06d2-496b-9542-f184ba803645/TheRoleofE-fuelsinDecarbonisingTransport.pdf,,2020.0 -electrolysis,lifetime,27.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -electrolysis small,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 -electrolysis small,efficiency,0.6465,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 -electrolysis small,efficiency-heat,0.193,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 -electrolysis small,investment,1137.5,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Specific investment,2020.0 -electrolysis small,lifetime,27.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Technical lifetime of plant,2020.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,FOM,7.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.94,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.12,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,investment,928559.735,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 36 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 342000 t/year",2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol from starch crop,FOM,16.4,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original values FIXOM in MEUR/GW divided by INVCOST for the corresponding year",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,VOM,26.3497,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value 6.93 MEUR/PJ VAROM",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,efficiency,0.58,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production. Converted from 0.35 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,investment,603376.8073,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for USA and European production,2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,FOM,19.51,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original values FIXOM in MEUR/GW divided by INVCOST for the corresponding year",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,VOM,23.1751,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production, original value 6.09 MEUR/PJ VAROM",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,efficiency,0.45,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production. Converted from 0.292 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,investment,446537.78,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for Brazilian production,2015.0 -fuel cell,FOM,4.7727,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -fuel cell,efficiency,0.48,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -fuel cell,investment,1164.0438,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -fuelwood,fuel,13.8577,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOO (FuelwoodRW), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -gas,CO2 intensity,0.198,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 50 GJ/t CH4,, -gas,fuel,24.568,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -gas boiler steam,FOM,3.7,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,VOM,1.0574,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.905,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -gas boiler steam,investment,50.35,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -gas storage,FOM,0.5368,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",150 Underground Storage of Gas: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -gas storage,investment,0.2366,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",150 Underground Storage of Gas: Specific investment,2020.0 -gas storage,lifetime,100.0,years,TODO no source,"150 Underground Storage of Gas: estimation: most underground storage are already built, they do have a long lifetime",2020.0 -gas storage charger,investment,15.2479,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",,2020.0 -gas storage discharger,investment,5.0826,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",,2020.0 -geothermal,CO2 intensity,0.12,tCO2/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",Likely to be improved; Average of 85 percent of global egs power plant capacity; Result of fluid circulation through rock formations,2020.0 -geothermal,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",See Supplemental Material of source for details,2020.0 -geothermal,district heat surcharge,25.0,%,Frey et al. 2022: Techno-Economic Assessment of Geothermal Resources in the Variscan Basement of the Northern Upper Rhine Graben,"If capital cost of electric generation from EGS is 100%, district heating adds additional 25%. Costs incurred by piping.",2020.0 -geothermal,district heat-input,0.8,MWh_thdh/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, District Heat-output. This is an assessment of typical heat losses when heat is transmitted from the EGS plant to the DH network, This is a rough estimate, depends on local conditions",2020.0 -geothermal,lifetime,30.0,years,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",,2020.0 -helmeth,FOM,3.0,%/year,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -helmeth,efficiency,0.8,per unit,HELMETH press release, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -helmeth,investment,2116.4433,EUR/kW,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -helmeth,lifetime,25.0,years,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -home battery inverter,FOM,0.2077,%/year,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -home battery inverter,efficiency,0.95,per unit,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2020.0 -home battery inverter,investment,396.8057,EUR/kW,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2020.0 -home battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -home battery storage,investment,311.9489,EUR/kWh,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2020.0 -home battery storage,lifetime,17.5,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -hydro,FOM,1.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -hydro,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -hydro,investment,2274.8177,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 -hydro,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,FOM,11.3,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","55.28 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ OPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15).",,2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,electricity-input,1.03,MWh_el/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ reduced by electricity demand of process ‘EAF’.,2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,hydrogen-input,2.1,MWh_H2/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2022-12-05). ","63 kg H2/t steel for process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ according to documentation (raw input files for MPP model list 73 kg H2 / t steel, which seems to high and is probably incorrect).",2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,investment,4277858.0,EUR/t_HBI/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","488.34 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ CAPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,ore-input,1.59,t_ore/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03). ",Based on process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’.,2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,compression-electricity-input,0.05,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.",1.707 kWh/kg.,2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,investment,87.69,EUR/kW_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.","2923 EUR/kg_H2. For a 206 kg/h compressor. Base CAPEX 40 528 EUR/kW_el with scale factor 0.4603. kg_H2 converted to MWh using LHV. Pressure range: 30 bar in, 250 bar out.",2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,lifetime,15.0,years,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,investment,13.5,EUR/kWh_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.","450 EUR/kg_H2 converted with LHV to MWh. For a type 1 hydrogen storage tank (steel, 15-250 bar). Currency year assumed 2020 for initial publication of reference; observe note in SI.4.3 that no currency year is explicitly stated in the reference.",2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,lifetime,20.0,years,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,min_fill_level,6.0,%,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,FOM,1.1382,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,investment,49.0493,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Specific investment,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,lifetime,27.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,FOM,0.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,VOM,0.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Variable O&M,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,investment,2.1268,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Specific investment,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,lifetime,100.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,FOM,0.0896,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,VOM,3.2123,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Variable O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,efficiency,3.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,investment,949.319,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Nominal investment,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,lifetime,17.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,FOM,0.1076,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,VOM,3.2123,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Variable O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,efficiency,2.55,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,investment,791.0992,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,lifetime,17.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -iron ore DRI-ready,commodity,97.73,EUR/t,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://missionpossiblepartnership.org/action-sectors/steel/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","DRI ready assumes 65% iron content, requiring no additional benefication.",2020.0 -iron-air battery,FOM,1.1063,%/year,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery,investment,12.6382,EUR/kWh,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery,lifetime,17.5,years,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery charge,efficiency,0.73,per unit,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery discharge,efficiency,0.62,per unit,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -lignite,CO2 intensity,0.4069,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid-Emissionen des deutschen Strommix in den Jahren 1990 - 2018,, -lignite,FOM,1.31,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,VOM,3.2612,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3+5.5)USD/MWh_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR). Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,efficiency,0.33,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. 1 / ((8.75+12) MMbtu/MWh_th /2 / (3.4095 MMbtu/MWh_th)), rounded up. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,fuel,3.2985,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on IEA 2011 data, 10 USD/t.",2010.0 -lignite,investment,3827.1629,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Higher costs include coal plants with CCS, but since using here for calculating the average nevertheless. Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3200+6775) USD/kW_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR). Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf .",2023.0 -lignite,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -methanation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.2.3.1",,2017.0 -methanation,carbondioxide-input,0.198,t_CO2/MWh_CH4,"Götz et al. (2016): Renewable Power-to-Gas: A technological and economic review (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2015.07.066), Fig. 11 .",Additional H2 required for methanation process (2x H2 amount compared to stochiometric conversion)., -methanation,efficiency,0.8,per unit,Palzer and Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -methanation,hydrogen-input,1.282,MWh_H2/MWh_CH4,,Based on ideal conversion process of stochiometric composition (1 t CH4 contains 750 kg of carbon)., -methanation,investment,639.7986,EUR/kW_CH4,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 6: “Reference scenario”.",,2017.0 -methanation,lifetime,20.0,years,Guesstimate.,"Based on lifetime for methanolisation, Fischer-Tropsch plants.",2017.0 -methane storage tank incl. compressor,FOM,1.9,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor by DEA.",Based on assumptions for hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor (by DEA).,2014.0 -methane storage tank incl. compressor,investment,8961.5075,EUR/m^3,Storage costs per l: https://www.compositesworld.com/articles/pressure-vessels-for-alternative-fuels-2014-2023 (2021-02-10).,"Assume 5USD/l (= 4.23 EUR/l at 1.17 USD/EUR exchange rate) for type 1 pressure vessel for 200 bar storage and 100% surplus costs for including compressor costs with storage, based on similar assumptions by DEA for compressed hydrogen storage tanks.",2014.0 -methane storage tank incl. compressor,lifetime,30.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor by DEA.",Based on assumptions for hydrogen storage tank 1 including compressor (by DEA).,2014.0 -methanol,CO2 intensity,0.2482,tCO2/MWh_th,,, -methanol-to-kerosene,FOM,4.5,%/year,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",,2020.0 -methanol-to-kerosene,VOM,1.35,EUR/MWh_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",,2020.0 -methanol-to-kerosene,hydrogen-input,0.0279,MWh_H2/MWh_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 6.","Assuming LHV 11.94 kWh/kg for kerosene, 5.54 kWh/kg for methanol, 33.3 kWh/kg for hydrogen.", -methanol-to-kerosene,investment,251750.0,EUR/MW_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",,2020.0 -methanol-to-kerosene,lifetime,30.0,years,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",, -methanol-to-kerosene,methanol-input,1.0764,MWh_MeOH/MWh_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 6.","Assuming LHV 11.94 kWh/kg for kerosene, 5.54 kWh/kg for methanol, 33.3 kWh/kg for hydrogen.", -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,FOM,3.0,%/year,Guesstimate,same as steam cracker,2015.0 -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,VOM,31.7466,EUR/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35", ,2015.0 -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,carbondioxide-output,0.6107,t_CO2/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Sections 4.5 (for ethylene and propylene) and 4.6 (for BTX)","Weighted average: 0.4 t_MeOH/t_ethylene+propylene for 21.7 Mt of ethylene and 17 Mt of propylene, 1.13 t_CO2/t_BTX for 15.7 Mt of BTX. The report also references process emissions of 0.55 t_MeOH/t_ethylene+propylene elsewhere. ", -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,electricity-input,1.3889,MWh_el/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), page 69",5 GJ/t_HVC , -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,investment,2781006.4359,EUR/(t_HVC/h),"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",Assuming CAPEX of 1200 €/t actually given in €/(t/a).,2015.0 -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,lifetime,30.0,years,Guesstimate,same as steam cracker, -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,methanol-input,18.03,MWh_MeOH/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Sections 4.5 (for ethylene and propylene) and 4.6 (for BTX)","Weighted average: 2.83 t_MeOH/t_ethylene+propylene for 21.7 Mt of ethylene and 17 Mt of propylene, 4.2 t_MeOH/t_BTX for 15.7 Mt of BTX. Assuming 5.54 MWh_MeOH/t_MeOH. ", -methanolisation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.1.",,2017.0 -methanolisation,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -methanolisation,carbondioxide-input,0.248,t_CO2/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 66.",, -methanolisation,electricity-input,0.271,MWh_e/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 65.",, -methanolisation,heat-output,0.1,MWh_th/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 65.",steam generation of 2 GJ/t_MeOH, -methanolisation,hydrogen-input,1.138,MWh_H2/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 64.",189 kg_H2 per t_MeOH, -methanolisation,investment,657729.5552,EUR/MW_MeOH,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 8: “Reference scenario”.","Well developed technology, no significant learning expected.",2017.0 -methanolisation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (04/2022), Data sheet “Methanol to Power”.",,2017.0 -micro CHP,FOM,6.9565,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -micro CHP,efficiency,0.3305,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Electric efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -micro CHP,efficiency-heat,0.604,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -micro CHP,investment,10102.913,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 -micro CHP,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,FOM,11.3,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,gas-input,2.78,MWh_NG/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",Original value 10 GJ/t_DRI.,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,investment,4277858.0,EUR/t_HBI/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.","488.34 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ CAPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,ore-input,1.59,t_ore/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",, -nuclear,FOM,1.27,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (131.5+152.75)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) relative to investment costs.",2023.0 -nuclear,VOM,3.5464,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (4.25+5)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 -nuclear,efficiency,0.326,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on heat rate of 10.45 MMBtu/MWh_e and 3.4095 MMBtu/MWh_th, i.e. 1/(10.45/3.4095) = 0.3260.",2023.0 -nuclear,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -nuclear,investment,8594.1354,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (8475+13925)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 -nuclear,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 -offwind,FOM,2.8781,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Fixed O&M [EUR/MW_e/y, 2020]",2020.0 -offwind,VOM,0.0212,EUR/MWhel,RES costs made up to fix curtailment order, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind,investment,1728.5676,"EUR/kW_e, 2020","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Nominal investment [MEUR/MW_e, 2020] grid connection costs subtracted from investment costs",2020.0 -offwind,lifetime,26.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2841.3251,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,1420.1334,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-ac-station,investment,264.5554,EUR/kWel,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2116.4433,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,1058.2216,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017; average + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-station,investment,423.2887,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017; assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-float,FOM,1.185,%/year,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0 -offwind-float,investment,2155.0,EUR/kWel,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0 -offwind-float,lifetime,20.0,years,C. Maienza 2020 A life cycle cost model for floating offshore wind farms,,2020.0 -offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2118.5597,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf,,2014.0 -offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,1039.4778,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017, average + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 -offwind-float-station,investment,415.7911,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017, assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 -oil,CO2 intensity,0.2571,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 44 GJ/t diesel and -CH2- approximation of diesel,, -oil,FOM,2.1667,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -oil,VOM,7.6721,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0 -oil,efficiency,0.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","50 Diesel engine farm: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -oil,fuel,52.9111,EUR/MWhth,IEA WEM2017 97USD/boe = http://www.iea.org/media/weowebsite/2017/WEM_Documentation_WEO2017.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -oil,investment,412.6006,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Specific investment,2015.0 -oil,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -onwind,FOM,1.194,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -onwind,VOM,1.5651,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Variable O&M,2015.0 -onwind,investment,1223.3769,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Nominal investment ,2015.0 -onwind,lifetime,26.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -organic rankine cycle,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551","Both for flash, binary and ORC plants. See Supplemental Material for details",2020.0 -organic rankine cycle,electricity-input,0.12,MWh_el/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, Electricity-output. This is a rough estimate, depends on input temperature, implies ~150 C.",2020.0 -organic rankine cycle,investment,1376.0,EUR/kW_el,Tartiere and Astolfi 2017: A world overview of the organic Rankine cycle market,"Low rollout complicates the estimation, compounded by a dependence both on plant size and temperature, converted from 1500 USD/kW using currency conversion 1.09 USD = 1 EUR.",2020.0 -organic rankine cycle,lifetime,30.0,years,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",,2020.0 -ror,FOM,2.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -ror,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -ror,investment,3412.2266,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 -ror,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -seawater RO desalination,electricity-input,0.003,MWHh_el/t_H2O,"Caldera et al. (2016): Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Fig. 4.",Desalination using SWRO. Assume medium salinity of 35 Practical Salinity Units (PSUs) = 35 kg/m^3., -seawater desalination,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2015.0 -seawater desalination,electricity-input,3.0348,kWh/m^3-H2O,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Fig. 4.",, -seawater desalination,investment,31312.5066,EUR/(m^3-H2O/h),"Caldera et al 2017: Learning Curve for Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination Plants: Capital Cost Trend of the Past, Present, and Future (https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR021402), Table 4.",,2015.0 -seawater desalination,lifetime,30.0,years,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",, -shipping fuel methanol,CO2 intensity,0.2482,tCO2/MWh_th,-,Based on stochiometric composition.,2020.0 -shipping fuel methanol,fuel,72.0,EUR/MWh_th,"Based on (source 1) Hampp et al (2022), https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.01092, and (source 2): https://www.methanol.org/methanol-price-supply-demand/; both accessed: 2022-12-03.",400 EUR/t assuming range roughly in the long-term range for green methanol (source 1) and late 2020+beyond values for grey methanol (source 2).,2020.0 -solar,FOM,1.6101,%/year,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop' and 50% 'solar-utility',2020.0 -solar,VOM,0.0106,EUR/MWhel,RES costs made up to fix curtailment order, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -solar,investment,684.2285,EUR/kW_e,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop' and 50% 'solar-utility',2020.0 -solar,lifetime,37.5,years,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop' and 50% 'solar-utility',2020.0 -solar-rooftop,FOM,1.2051,%/year,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop,discount rate,0.04,per unit,standard for decentral, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -solar-rooftop,investment,887.0904,EUR/kW_e,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop,lifetime,37.5,years,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,FOM,1.2945,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,investment,729.9862,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,lifetime,37.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,FOM,1.1157,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,investment,1044.1946,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,lifetime,37.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-utility,FOM,2.0151,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-utility,investment,481.3667,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-utility,lifetime,37.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,FOM,1.9597,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,investment,561.3112,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,lifetime,37.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solid biomass,CO2 intensity,0.3667,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 18 GJ/t_DM LHV and 50% C-content for solid biomass,, -solid biomass,fuel,13.6489,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOOW1 (secondary forest residue wood chips), ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,FOM,5.8378,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,VOM,2.8332,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,investment,581.3136,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,lifetime,22.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,FOM,5.8378,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,VOM,2.8332,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,investment,581.3136,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,lifetime,22.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -solid biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -solid biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -solid biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.56,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, -solid biomass to hydrogen,investment,3442.6595,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,FOM,5.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",CO2 volume captured / (Stream flowrate * Max. capacity utilization * CO2 in exhaust * 8760),2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,investment,3561435.753,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 1342 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 3324000 t/year",2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -uranium,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -waste CHP,FOM,2.349,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -waste CHP,VOM,31.4438,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -waste CHP,c_b,0.3104,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP,efficiency,0.1861,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7317,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP,investment,9190.1323,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -waste CHP,lifetime,22.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,FOM,2.349,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,VOM,31.4438,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,c_b,0.3104,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,efficiency,0.1861,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.7317,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,investment,9190.1323,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,lifetime,22.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -water tank charger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -water tank discharger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 diff --git a/ariadne-data/costs/pessimist/costs_2040.csv b/ariadne-data/costs/pessimist/costs_2040.csv deleted file mode 100644 index e3b5452f6..000000000 --- a/ariadne-data/costs/pessimist/costs_2040.csv +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1238 +0,0 @@ -technology,parameter,value,unit,source,further description,currency_year -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,FOM,2.8,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,VOM,0.2389,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,electricity-input,1.38,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,investment,429.0306,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,lifetime,40.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,FOM,2.3,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,VOM,0.2389,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,electricity-input,1.416,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,investment,506.0332,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,FOM,2.3,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,VOM,0.1934,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,electricity-input,1.41,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,investment,582.922,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW, -Ammonia cracker,FOM,4.3,%/year,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 7.","Estimated based on Labour cost rate, Maintenance cost rate, Insurance rate, Admin. cost rate and Chemical & other consumables cost rate.",2015.0 -Ammonia cracker,ammonia-input,1.46,MWh_NH3/MWh_H2,"ENGIE et al (2020): Ammonia to Green Hydrogen Feasibility Study (https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/880826/HS420_-_Ecuity_-_Ammonia_to_Green_Hydrogen.pdf), Fig. 10.",Assuming a integrated 200t/d cracking and purification facility. Electricity demand (316 MWh per 2186 MWh_LHV H2 output) is assumed to also be ammonia LHV input which seems a fair assumption as the facility has options for a higher degree of integration according to the report)., -Ammonia cracker,investment,841127.4391,EUR/MW_H2,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 6.",Calculated. For a small (200 t_NH3/d input) facility. Base cost for facility: 51 MEUR at capacity 20 000m^3_NH3/h = 339 t_NH3/d input. Cost scaling exponent 0.67. Ammonia density 0.7069 kg/m^3. Conversion efficiency of cracker: 0.685. Ammonia LHV: 5.167 MWh/t_NH3.; and Calculated. For a large (2500 t_NH3/d input) facility. Base cost for facility: 51 MEUR at capacity 20 000m^3_NH3/h = 339 t_NH3/d input. Cost scaling exponent 0.67. Ammonia density 0.7069 kg/m^3. Conversion efficiency of cracker: 0.685. Ammonia LHV: 5.167 MWh/t_NH3.,2015.0 -Ammonia cracker,lifetime,25.0,years,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 7.",,2015.0 -BEV Bus city,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,Motor size,398.2759,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,efficiency,0.7346,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,investment,206528.0541,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Coach,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,Motor size,479.3103,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,efficiency,0.7149,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,investment,287067.8577,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,Motor size,727.5862,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,efficiency,1.2352,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,investment,151213.8954,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,lifetime,10.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,Motor size,441.3793,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,efficiency,0.7813,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,investment,219969.2559,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,Motor size,955.1724,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,efficiency,1.3732,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,investment,167722.8037,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),FOM,0.9,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),efficiency,0.68,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),investment,24092.0,EUR/PKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (trucks),FOM,16.0,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (trucks),2020.0 -Battery electric (trucks),investment,133000.0,EUR/LKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (trucks),2020.0 -Battery electric (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (trucks),2020.0 -BioSNG,C in fuel,0.378,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,C stored,0.622,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,CO2 stored,0.2281,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,FOM,1.3065,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Fixed O&M",2020.0 -BioSNG,VOM,2.4458,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Variable O&M",2020.0 -BioSNG,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -BioSNG,efficiency,0.7,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Bio SNG Output",2020.0 -BioSNG,investment,2729.3933,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Specific investment",2020.0 -BioSNG,lifetime,25.0,years,TODO,"84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -BtL,C in fuel,0.2922,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,C stored,0.7078,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,CO2 stored,0.2595,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,FOM,37.2105,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Fixed O&M",2020.0 -BtL,VOM,1.2274,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Variable O&M",2020.0 -BtL,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -BtL,efficiency,0.4167,per unit,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Electricity Output",2020.0 -BtL,investment,2598.6944,EUR/kW_th,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Specific investment",2017.0 -BtL,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Technical lifetime",2020.0 -CCGT,FOM,2.8994,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -CCGT,VOM,6.4904,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Variable O&M",2015.0 -CCGT,c_b,2.2,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -CCGT,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -CCGT,efficiency,0.5533,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -CCGT,investment,1086.4409,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Nominal investment",2015.0 -CCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -CH4 (g) fill compressor station,FOM,1.7,%/year,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0 -CH4 (g) fill compressor station,investment,1654.96,EUR/MW_CH4,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station cost.","Assume same ratio as between H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station, i.e. 1:19 , due to a lack of reliable numbers.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) fill compressor station,lifetime,20.0,years,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,FOM,1.5,%/year,Assume same as for H2 (g) pipeline in 2050 (CH4 pipeline as mature technology).,"Due to lack of numbers, use comparable H2 pipeline assumptions.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,electricity-input,0.01,MW_e/1000km/MW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: 112 6 gas Main distri line.","Assumption for gas pipeline >100MW, 0.1% per station and spacing of 100km yields 1%/1000km. Electric compression.",2015.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,investment,87.22,EUR/MW/km,Guesstimate.,"Based on Arab Gas Pipeline: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Gas_Pipeline: cost = 1.2e9 $-US (year = ?), capacity=10.3e9 m^3/a NG, l=1200km, NG-LHV=39MJ/m^3*90% (also Wikipedia estimate from here https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_of_combustion). Presumed to include booster station cost.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,lifetime,50.0,years,Assume same as for H2 (g) pipeline in 2050 (CH4 pipeline as mature technology).,"Due to lack of numbers, use comparable H2 pipeline assumptions.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,FOM,3.0,%/year,"d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material.",-,2015.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,electricity-input,0.01,MW_e/1000km/MW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: 112 6 gas Main distri line.","Assumption for gas pipeline >100MW, 0.1% per station and spacing of 100km yields 1%/1000km. Electric compression.",2015.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,investment,119.3173,EUR/MW/km,Kaiser (2017): 10.1016/j.marpol.2017.05.003 .,"Based on Gulfstream pipeline costs (430 mi long pipeline for natural gas in deep/shallow waters) of 2.72e6 USD/mi and 1.31 bn ft^3/d capacity (36 in diameter), LHV of methane 13.8888 MWh/t and density of 0.657 kg/m^3 and 1.17 USD:1EUR conversion rate = 102.4 EUR/MW/km. Number is without booster station cost. Estimation of additional cost for booster stations based on H2 (g) pipeline numbers from Guidehouse (2020): European Hydrogen Backbone report and Danish Energy Agency (2021): Technology Data for Energy Transport, were booster stations make ca. 6% of pipeline cost; here add additional 10% for booster stations as they need to be constructed submerged or on plattforms. (102.4*1.1).",2014.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,lifetime,30.0,years,"d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material.",-,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,capacity,58300.0,t_CH4,"Calculated, based on Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",based on 138 000 m^3 capacity and LNG density of 0.4226 t/m^3 .,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,investment,159791465.6831,EUR,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,lifetime,25.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2015.0 -CH4 evaporation,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 evaporation,investment,91.1101,EUR/kW_CH4,"Calculated, based on Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306","based on 100 MUSD-2005/(1 bcm/a), 1 bcm = 10.6 TWh, currency exchange rate: 1.15 USD=1 EUR.",2005.0 -CH4 evaporation,lifetime,30.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,electricity-input,0.036,MWh_el/MWh_CH4,"Pospíšil et al. (2019): Energy demand of liquefaction and regasification of natural gas and the potential of LNG for operative thermal energy storage (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.09.027), Table 2 and Table 3. alternative source 2: https://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/methane (accessed 2021-02-10).","Assuming 0.5 MWh/t_CH4 for refigeration cycle based on Table 2 of source; cleaning of gas presumed unnecessary as it should be nearly pure CH4 (=SNG). Assuming energy required is only electricity which is for Table 3 in the source provided with efficiencies of ~50% of LHV, making the numbers consistent with the numbers in Table 2.", -CH4 liquefaction,investment,241.443,EUR/kW_CH4,"Calculated, based on Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306","based on 265 MUSD-2005/(1 bcm/a), 1 bcm = 10.6 TWh, currency exchange rate: 1.15 USD=1 EUR.",2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,lifetime,25.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,methane-input,1.0,MWh_CH4/MWh_CH4,"Pospíšil et al. (2019): Energy demand of liquefaction and regasification of natural gas and the potential of LNG for operative thermal energy storage (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.09.027), Table 2 and Table 3. alternative source 2: https://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/methane (accessed 2021-02-10).","For refrigeration cycle, cleaning of gas presumed unnecessary as it should be nearly pure CH4 (=SNG). Assuming energy required is only electricity which is for Table 3 in the source provided with efficiencies of ~50% of LHV, making the numbers consistent with the numbers in Table 2.", -CO2 liquefaction,FOM,5.0,%/year,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,,2004.0 -CO2 liquefaction,carbondioxide-input,1.0,t_CO2/t_CO2,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,"Assuming a pure, humid, low-pressure input stream. Neglecting possible gross-effects of CO2 which might be cycled for the cooling process.", -CO2 liquefaction,electricity-input,0.123,MWh_el/t_CO2,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,, -CO2 liquefaction,heat-input,0.0067,MWh_th/t_CO2,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,For drying purposes., -CO2 liquefaction,investment,16.7226,EUR/t_CO2/h,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,"Plant capacity of 20 kt CO2 / d and an uptime of 85%. For a high purity, humid, low pressure input stream, includes drying and compression necessary for liquefaction.",2004.0 -CO2 liquefaction,lifetime,25.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on CH4 liquefaction.",,2004.0 -CO2 pipeline,FOM,0.9,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",,2015.0 -CO2 pipeline,investment,2116.4433,EUR/(tCO2/h)/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",Assuming the 120-500 t CO2/h range that is based on cost of a 12 inch onshore pipeline.,2015.0 -CO2 pipeline,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",,2015.0 -CO2 storage tank,FOM,1.0,%/year,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, pg. 2746 .","Assuming a 3000m^3 pressurised steel cylinder tanks and a CO2 density of 1100 kg/m^3 (close to triple point at -56.6°C and 5.2 bar with max density of 1200kg/m^3 ). Lauri et al. report costs 3x higher per m^3 for steel tanks, which are consistent with other sources. The numbers reported are in rather difficult to pinpoint as systems can greatly vary.",2013.0 -CO2 storage tank,investment,2584.3462,EUR/t_CO2,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, Table 3.","Assuming a 3000m^3 pressurised steel cylinder tanks and a CO2 density of 1100 kg/m^3 (close to triple point at -56.6°C and 5.2 bar with max density of 1200kg/m^3 ). Lauri et al. report costs 3x higher per m^3 for steel tanks, which are consistent with other sources. The numbers reported are in rather difficult to pinpoint as systems can greatly vary.",2013.0 -CO2 storage tank,lifetime,25.0,years,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, pg. 2746 .","Assuming a 3000m^3 pressurised steel cylinder tanks and a CO2 density of 1100 kg/m^3 (close to triple point at -56.6°C and 5.2 bar with max density of 1200kg/m^3 ). Lauri et al. report costs 3x higher per m^3 for steel tanks, which are consistent with other sources. The numbers reported are in rather difficult to pinpoint as systems can greatly vary.",2013.0 -CO2 submarine pipeline,FOM,0.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",,2015.0 -CO2 submarine pipeline,investment,4232.8865,EUR/(tCO2/h)/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",Assuming the 120-500 t CO2/h range that is based on cost of a 12 inch offshore pipeline.,2015.0 -Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,FOM,1.6,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,investment,448894.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,FOM,2.2,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,investment,1788360.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,FOM,2.2,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,investment,1787894.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,FOM,1.8,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,investment,1005.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,FOM,0.9265,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.64 (p.86) Figure 4.14","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,efficiency,0.7211,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.52^0.5']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,investment,946180.9426,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Turbine Compressor BOP EPC Management']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-store,FOM,0.43,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB 4.5.2.1 Fixed O&M p.62 (p.84)","{'carrier': ['pair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-store,investment,5448.7894,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.64 (p.86)","{'carrier': ['pair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Cavern Storage']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['pair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,investment,144192.2682,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,efficiency,0.4343,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,investment,576769.073,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Concrete-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['concrete'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Concrete-store,investment,24044.2324,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['concrete'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -Concrete-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['concrete'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -"Container feeder, ammonia",efficiency,0.7754,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container feeder, ammonia",investment,34966212.0251,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container feeder, ammonia",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container feeder, diesel",efficiency,0.7718,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, diesel",2023.0 -"Container feeder, diesel",investment,34966212.0251,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, diesel",2023.0 -"Container feeder, diesel",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, diesel",2023.0 -"Container feeder, methanol",efficiency,0.7711,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, methanol",2023.0 -"Container feeder, methanol",investment,34966212.0251,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, methanol",2023.0 -"Container feeder, methanol",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, methanol",2023.0 -"Container, ammonia",efficiency,1.7094,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container, ammonia",investment,119652947.2851,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container, ammonia",lifetime,32.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container, diesel",efficiency,1.6399,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, diesel",2023.0 -"Container, diesel",investment,119652947.2851,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, diesel",2023.0 -"Container, diesel",lifetime,33.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, diesel",2023.0 -"Container, methanol",efficiency,1.7001,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, methanol",2023.0 -"Container, methanol",investment,119652947.2851,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, methanol",2023.0 -"Container, methanol",lifetime,33.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, methanol",2023.0 -Diesel Bus city,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,Motor size,250.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,efficiency,1.6899,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,investment,150756.2732,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,Motor size,350.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,efficiency,1.8169,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,investment,231296.0768,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,FOM,0.0005,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,Motor size,380.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,efficiency,3.0119,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,investment,142012.114,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,lifetime,10.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,Motor size,292.069,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,efficiency,1.8429,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,investment,155444.0931,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,Motor size,382.3529,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,efficiency,2.9453,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,investment,177515.1425,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,Motor size,420.3448,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,VOM,0.0979,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,efficiency,1.3781,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,investment,256813.5136,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Coach,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,Motor size,420.3448,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,efficiency,1.3554,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,investment,356840.1722,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,Motor size,556.8966,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,efficiency,2.3194,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,investment,139809.9795,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,lifetime,10.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,Motor size,415.5172,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,efficiency,1.5325,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,investment,214117.0548,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,Motor size,415.5172,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,efficiency,2.5736,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,investment,236188.1042,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FT fuel transport ship,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -FT fuel transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_FTfuel,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -FT fuel transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -FT fuel transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.1.",,2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,VOM,2.6585,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",102 Hydrogen to Jet: Variable O&M,2020.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -Fischer-Tropsch,carbondioxide-input,0.301,t_CO2/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","Input per 1t FT liquid fuels output, carbon efficiency increases with years (4.3, 3.9, 3.6, 3.3 t_CO2/t_FT from 2020-2050 with LHV 11.95 MWh_th/t_FT).", -Fischer-Tropsch,efficiency,0.799,per unit,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.2.",,2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,electricity-input,0.007,MWh_el/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","0.005 MWh_el input per FT output, output increasing from 2020 to 2050 (0.65, 0.7, 0.73, 0.75 MWh liquid FT output).", -Fischer-Tropsch,hydrogen-input,1.363,MWh_H2/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","0.995 MWh_H2 per output, output increasing from 2020 to 2050 (0.65, 0.7, 0.73, 0.75 MWh liquid FT output).", -Fischer-Tropsch,investment,611732.6641,EUR/MW_FT,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 8: “Reference scenario”.","Well developed technology, no significant learning expected.",2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (04/2022), Data sheet “Methanol to Power”.",,2017.0 -Gasnetz,FOM,2.5,%,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz,2020.0 -Gasnetz,investment,28.0,EUR/kWGas,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz,2020.0 -Gasnetz,lifetime,30.0,years,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz,2020.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),FOM,6.25,%/year,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , figure 7 and pg. 12 .",Assuming ca. 10 EUR/m^3/a (center value between stand alone and addon facility).,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),investment,137.8999,EUR/m^3,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 8F .",Assumed 20% lower than for product storage. Crude or middle distillate tanks are usually larger compared to product storage due to lower requirements on safety and different construction method. Reference size used here: 80 000 – 120 000 m^3 .,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),lifetime,30.0,years,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 11.",,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),FOM,6.25,%/year,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , figure 7 and pg. 12 .",Assuming ca. 10 EUR/m^3/a (center value between stand alone and addon facility).,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),investment,172.3748,EUR/m^3,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 8F .",Assumed at the higher end for addon facilities/mid-range for stand-alone facilities. Product storage usually smaller due to higher requirements on safety and different construction method. Reference size used here: 40 000 - 60 000 m^3 .,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),lifetime,30.0,years,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 11.",,2012.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.76 (p.98) Sentence 1 in 4.7.2 Operating Costs","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['1.5 percent of capital cost']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,efficiency,0.9274,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.36","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.86^0.5']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,investment,415570.5177,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 0% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,lifetime,41.7,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.36","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-store,investment,157381.7274,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 15% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['gravity'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Gravitational Capital (SB+BOS)']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-store,lifetime,41.7,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.36","{'carrier': ['gravity'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.76 (p.98) Sentence 1 in 4.7.2 Operating Costs","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['1.5 percent of capital cost']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,efficiency,0.9014,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level ((0.785+0.84)/2)^0.5']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,investment,365630.713,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 0% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-store,investment,121755.0274,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 15% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['gravitywa'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Gravitational Capital (SB+BOS)']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['gravitywa'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.76 (p.98) Sentence 1 in 4.7.2 Operating Costs","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['1.5 percent of capital cost']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,efficiency,0.9014,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level ((0.785+0.84)/2)^0.5']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,investment,905158.9602,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 0% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-store,investment,95982.5211,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 15% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['gravitywu'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Gravitational Capital (SB+BOS)']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['gravitywu'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -H2 (g) fill compressor station,FOM,1.7,%/year,"Guidehouse 2020: European Hydrogen Backbone report, https://guidehouse.com/-/media/www/site/downloads/energy/2020/gh_european-hydrogen-backbone_report.pdf (table 3, table 5)","Pessimistic (highest) value chosen for 48'' pipeline w/ 13GW_H2 LHV @ 100bar pressure. Currency year: Not clearly specified, assuming year of publication. Forecast year: Not clearly specified, guessing based on text remarks.",2020.0 -H2 (g) fill compressor station,investment,4738.7164,EUR/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), pg. 164, Figure 14 (Fill compressor).","Assumption for staging 35→140bar, 6000 MW_HHV single line pipeline. Considering HHV/LHV ration for H2.",2015.0 -H2 (g) fill compressor station,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), pg. 168, Figure 24 (Fill compressor).",,2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,FOM,2.3333,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, > 6000 MW_HHV single line pipeline, incl. booster station investments. Considering LHV by scaling with LHV/HHV=0.8462623413.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,electricity-input,0.018,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,investment,303.6845,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 4.4 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, > 6000 MW_HHV single line pipeline, incl. booster station investments. Considering LHV by scaling with LHV/HHV=0.8462623413.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,FOM,2.3333,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.",Same as for new H2 (g) pipeline.,2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,electricity-input,0.018,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,investment,129.4682,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line repurposed pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 0.8 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.",Same as for new H2 (g) pipeline.,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,FOM,3.0,%/year,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,electricity-input,0.018,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,investment,456.1165,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line offshore pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 7.48 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,lifetime,30.0,years,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,FOM,3.0,%/year,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,electricity-input,0.018,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,investment,160.1562,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line repurposed offshore pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 1.5 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,lifetime,30.0,years,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (l) storage tank,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.",Assuming currency year and technology year here (25 EUR/kg).,2015.0 -H2 (l) storage tank,investment,793.7456,EUR/MWh_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.","Assuming currency year and technology year here (25 EUR/kg). Future target cost. Today’s cost potentially higher according to d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material pg. 16.",2015.0 -H2 (l) storage tank,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.",Assuming currency year and technology year here (25 EUR/kg).,2015.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,capacity,11000.0,t_H2,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,investment,393737000.0,EUR,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,lifetime,20.0,years,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 evaporation,FOM,2.5,%/year,"DNV GL (2020): Study on the Import of Liquid Renewable Energy: Technology Cost Assessment, https://www.gie.eu/wp-content/uploads/filr/2598/DNV-GL_Study-GLE-Technologies-and-costs-analysis-on-imports-of-liquid-renewable-energy.pdf .",,2020.0 -H2 evaporation,investment,102.3434,EUR/kW_H2,"IRENA (2022): Global Hydrogen Trade to Meet the 1.5° Climate Goal: Technology Review of Hydrogen Carriers, https://www.irena.org/publications/2022/Apr/Global-hydrogen-trade-Part-II , pg. 62f.","Pessimistic assumption for large scale facility / near-term estimate for medium sized facility, in between low / mid estimate with e.g. DNV numbers (Fig. 3.15).; and Optimistic assumption for large scale facility 2500 t/d, cf Fig. 3.15 .",2022.0 -H2 evaporation,lifetime,20.0,years,Guesstimate.,Based on lifetime of liquefaction plant.,2015.0 -H2 liquefaction,FOM,2.5,%/year,"DNV GL (2020): Study on the Import of Liquid Renewable Energy: Technology Cost Assessment, https://www.gie.eu/wp-content/uploads/filr/2598/DNV-GL_Study-GLE-Technologies-and-costs-analysis-on-imports-of-liquid-renewable-energy.pdf .",,2020.0 -H2 liquefaction,electricity-input,0.203,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"Heuser et al. (2019): Techno-economic analysis of a potential energy trading link between Patagonia and Japan based on CO2 free hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.12.156), table 1.","6.78 kWh/kg_H2, considering H2 with LHV of 33.3333 MWh/t", -H2 liquefaction,hydrogen-input,1.017,MWh_H2/MWh_H2,"Heuser et al. (2019): Techno-economic analysis of a potential energy trading link between Patagonia and Japan based on CO2 free hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.12.156), table 1.",corresponding to 1.65% losses during liquefaction, -H2 liquefaction,investment,711.9541,EUR/kW_H2,"IRENA (2022): Global Hydrogen Trade to Meet the 1.5° Climate Goal: Technology Review of Hydrogen Carriers, https://www.irena.org/publications/2022/Apr/Global-hydrogen-trade-Part-II , pg. 62f.","Assumption for a 200t/d facility (Pessimistic long-term or optimistic short-term value).; and Assumption for a large >300t/d, e.g. 2500 t/d facility (Optimistic long-term value without change in base technology mentioned in report).",2022.0 -H2 liquefaction,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2022.0 -H2 pipeline,FOM,3.0,%/year,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -H2 pipeline,investment,282.5452,EUR/MW/km,Welder et al https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.05.059, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -H2 pipeline,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,FOM,5.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,VOM,0.5118,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,electricity-input,0.097,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification,investment,1467.9399,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification,wood-input,1.804,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification CC,FOM,5.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification CC,VOM,0.5232,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification CC,electricity-input,0.143,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification CC,investment,1489.0957,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification CC,wood-input,1.804,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification,FOM,6.2,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification,VOM,0.5061,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification,coal-input,1.62,MWh_coal/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification,electricity-input,0.02,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification,investment,399.1168,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification CC,FOM,6.88,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification CC,VOM,0.1479,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification CC,coal-input,1.62,MWh_coal/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification CC,electricity-input,0.023,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification CC,investment,413.4481,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,FOM,5.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,VOM,0.1592,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,electricity-input,0.063,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,investment,491.1331,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,lifetime,25.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,oil-input,1.3,MWh_oil/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,FOM,4.9,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,VOM,0.2047,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,electricity-input,0.02,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,gas-input,1.25,MWh_NG/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,investment,180.0518,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,FOM,6.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,VOM,0.0796,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,electricity-input,0.039,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,gas-input,1.4,MWh_NG/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,investment,217.5863,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,FOM,4.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,VOM,0.7393,EUR/MWh,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,electricity-input,0.044,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,investment,590.6564,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,wood-input,1.36,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -HVAC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVAC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVAC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,investment,165803.0398,EUR/MW,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC submarine,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0 -HVDC submarine,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1,2017.0 -HVDC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0 -HVDC underground,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 -HVDC underground,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1 (same as for HVDC submarine),2017.0 -HVDC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 -Haber-Bosch,FOM,3.1037,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,VOM,0.0375,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Variable O&M,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,electricity-input,0.2473,MWh_el/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), table 11.",Assume 5 GJ/t_NH3 for compressors and NH3 LHV = 5.16666 MWh/t_NH3., -Haber-Bosch,hydrogen-input,1.1484,MWh_H2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.","178 kg_H2 per t_NH3, LHV for both assumed.", -Haber-Bosch,investment,1307.7219,EUR/kW_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,nitrogen-input,0.1597,t_N2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.",".33 MWh electricity are required for ASU per t_NH3, considering 0.4 MWh are required per t_N2 and LHV of NH3 of 5.1666 Mwh.", -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,investment,144192.2682,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,efficiency,0.4444,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,investment,576769.073,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['salthight'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-store,investment,94107.5489,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['salthight'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['salthight'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),FOM,1.2,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),efficiency,0.48,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),investment,29440.0,EUR/PKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),FOM,12.7,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),efficiency,0.56,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),investment,120177.0,EUR/LKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,FOM,0.6345,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,efficiency,0.6963,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133) include inverter 0.98 & transformer efficiency 0.98 ","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Electrolyzer']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,investment,347170.8209,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.113 (p.135)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Electrolyzer']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,lifetime,30.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,FOM,0.5812,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,efficiency,0.4869,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133) include inverter 0.98 & transformer efficiency 0.98 ","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Fuel Cell']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,investment,379007.4464,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.113 (p.135)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Fuel Cell']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,lifetime,30.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-store,FOM,0.43,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB =(C38+C39)*0.43/4","{'carrier': ['h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-store,investment,4779.9527,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.113 (p.135)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Cavern Storage']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-store,lifetime,30.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LNG storage tank,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank with comparable requirements.",Currency year and technology year assumed based on publication date.,2019.0 -LNG storage tank,investment,666.634,EUR/m^3,"Hurskainen 2019, https://cris.vtt.fi/en/publications/liquid-organic-hydrogen-carriers-lohc-concept-evaluation-and-tech pg. 46 (59).",Currency year and technology year assumed based on publication date.,2019.0 -LNG storage tank,lifetime,20.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank with comparable requirements.",Currency year and technology year assumed based on publication date.,2019.0 -LOHC chemical,investment,2500.0,EUR/t,"Runge et al 2020, pg.7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC chemical,lifetime,20.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, pg.7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation,investment,53681.4988,EUR/MW_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",per MW H2 (LHV). For a large plant of 1000 MW capacity. Calculated based on base CAPEX of 30 MEUR for 300 t/day capacity and a scale factor of 0.6.,2015.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),FOM,3.0,%/year,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),investment,839000.0,EUR/MW_H2,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",MW of H2 LHV. For a small plant of 0.9 MW capacity.,2020.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),lifetime,20.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,electricity-input,0.004,MWh_el/t_HLOHC,Niermann et al. (2019): (https://doi.org/10.1039/C8EE02700E). 6A .,"Flow in figures shows 0.2 MW for 114 MW_HHV = 96.4326 MW_LHV = 2.89298 t hydrogen. At 5.6 wt-% effective H2 storage for loaded LOHC (H18-DBT, HLOHC), corresponds to 51.6604 t loaded LOHC .", -LOHC hydrogenation,hydrogen-input,1.867,MWh_H2/t_HLOHC,"Runge et al 2020, pg. 7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",Considering 5.6 wt-% H2 in loaded LOHC (HLOHC) and LHV of H2., -LOHC hydrogenation,investment,54243.958,EUR/MW_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",per MW H2 (LHV). For a large plant of 2000 MW capacity. Calculated based on base CAPEX of 40 MEUR for 300 t/day capacity and a scale factor of 0.6.,2015.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,lohc-input,0.944,t_LOHC/t_HLOHC,"Runge et al 2020, pg. 7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514","Loaded LOHC (H18-DBT, HLOHC) has loaded only 5.6%-wt H2 as rate of discharge is kept at ca. 90%.", -LOHC loaded DBT storage,FOM,6.25,%/year,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -LOHC loaded DBT storage,investment,151.5383,EUR/t,"Density via Wissenschaftliche Dienste des Deutschen Bundestages 2020, https://www.bundestag.de/resource/blob/816048/454e182d5956d45a664da9eb85486f76/WD-8-058-20-pdf-data.pdf , pg. 11.","Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared. Density of loaded LOHC H18-DBT is 0.91 t/m^3.",2012.0 -LOHC loaded DBT storage,lifetime,30.0,years,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -LOHC transport ship,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_LOHC,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC unloaded DBT storage,FOM,6.25,%/year,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -LOHC unloaded DBT storage,investment,134.2745,EUR/t,"Density via Wissenschaftliche Dienste des Deutschen Bundestages 2020, https://www.bundestag.de/resource/blob/816048/454e182d5956d45a664da9eb85486f76/WD-8-058-20-pdf-data.pdf , pg. 11.","Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared. Density of loaded LOHC H18-DBT is 0.91 t/m^3, density of unloaded LOHC H0-DBT is 1.04 t/m^3 but unloading is only to 90% (depth-of-discharge), assume density via linearisation of 1.027 t/m^3.",2012.0 -LOHC unloaded DBT storage,lifetime,30.0,years,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,FOM,2.4427,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,efficiency,0.8832,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.78^0.5']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,investment,128853.6139,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-store,FOM,0.2542,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['lead'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-store,investment,320631.3818,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['lead'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-store,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['lead'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),FOM,1.6,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),efficiency,0.215,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),investment,26167.0,EUR/PKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),FOM,16.2,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),efficiency,0.373,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),investment,110858.0,EUR/LKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,FOM,0.366,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,investment,475721.2289,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Figure 9 of reference roughly 80% of capital cost are power related 47%/80% of costs are required for liquefaction (charging)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,FOM,0.5212,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,efficiency,0.55,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE 0.545 assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,investment,334017.033,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, NULL","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-store,FOM,0.3208,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['lair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-store,investment,159004.771,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['lair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Liquid Air SB and BOS']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['lair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,FOM,2.1198,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,efficiency,0.9193,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.8452^0.5']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,investment,81553.4846,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,lifetime,16.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-store,FOM,0.0447,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['lfp'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-store,investment,236482.8109,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['lfp'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-store,lifetime,16.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['lfp'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,FOM,2.1198,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,efficiency,0.9193,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.8452^0.5']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,investment,81553.4846,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,lifetime,13.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-store,FOM,0.038,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['nmc'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-store,investment,269576.8493,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['nmc'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-store,lifetime,13.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['nmc'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,investment,144192.2682,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,efficiency,0.5394,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,investment,576769.073,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-store,investment,58041.2003,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_MeOH,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",,2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,investment,18016.8665,EUR/MW_H2,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.","For high temperature steam reforming plant with a capacity of 200 MW_H2 output (6t/h). Reference plant of 1 MW (30kg_H2/h) costs 150kEUR, scale factor of 0.6 assumed.",2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",,2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,methanol-input,1.201,MWh_MeOH/MWh_H2,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",Assuming per 1 t_H2 (with LHV 33.3333 MWh/t): 4.5 MWh_th and 3.2 MWh_el are required. We assume electricity can be substituted / provided with 1:1 as heat energy., -NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank.",,2010.0 -NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,investment,166.8201,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Calculated based on Morgan E. 2013: doi:10.7275/11KT-3F59 , Fig. 55, Fig 58.","Based on estimated for a double-wall liquid ammonia tank (~ambient pressure, -33°C), inner tank from stainless steel, outer tank from concrete including installations for liquefaction/condensation, boil-off gas recovery and safety installations; the necessary installations make only a small fraction of the total cost. The total cost are driven by material and working time on the tanks. -While the costs do not scale strictly linearly, we here assume they do (good approximation c.f. ref. Fig 55.) and take the costs for a 9 kt NH3 (l) tank = 8 M$2010, which is smaller 4-5x smaller than the largest deployed tanks today. -We assume an exchange rate of 1.17$ to 1 €. -The investment value is given per MWh NH3 store capacity, using the LHV of NH3 of 5.18 MWh/t.",2010.0 -NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,lifetime,20.0,years,"Morgan E. 2013: doi:10.7275/11KT-3F59 , pg. 290",,2010.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B",,2019.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,capacity,53000.0,t_NH3,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B",,2019.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,investment,81164200.0,EUR,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B",,2019.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,lifetime,20.0,years,"Guess estimated based on H2 (l) tanker, but more mature technology",,2019.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,FOM,2.1198,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['((0.75-0.87)/2)^0.5 mean value of range efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,investment,81553.4846,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) same as Li-LFP","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-store,FOM,0.2262,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-store,investment,267837.874,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-store,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -OCGT,FOM,1.5028,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -OCGT,VOM,5.1147,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Variable O&M,2015.0 -OCGT,efficiency,0.42,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","52 OCGT - Natural gas: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -OCGT,investment,537.839,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 -OCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -PEM electrolyzer small size,FOM,3.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW,2010.0 -PEM electrolyzer small size,electricity-input,1.29,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW, -PEM electrolyzer small size,investment,1080.5384,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW,2010.0 -PEM electrolyzer small size,lifetime,8.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`","Likely stack lifetime, rather than electrolyzer system lifetime", -PHS,FOM,1.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -PHS,efficiency,0.75,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -PHS,investment,2274.8177,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 -PHS,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,FOM,0.366,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Charger']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,investment,761782.6727,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Figure 9 of reference roughly 80% of capital cost are power related 47%/80% of costs are required for liquefaction (charging)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,lifetime,33.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,FOM,0.5212,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,efficiency,0.63,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE 0.62 assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,investment,534868.6851,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, NULL","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,lifetime,33.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-store,FOM,0.1528,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.103 (p.125)","{'carrier': ['phes'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-store,investment,11546.7963,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.92 (p.114)","{'carrier': ['phes'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Molten Salt based SB and BOS']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-store,lifetime,33.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['phes'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,FOM,0.9951,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, Figure 4.16","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,efficiency,0.8944,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.8^0.5']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,investment,1397128.4612,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Powerhouse Construction & Infrastructure']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-store,FOM,0.43,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['phs'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-store,investment,57074.0625,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['phs'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Reservoir Construction & Infrastructure']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['phs'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -SMR,FOM,5.0,%/year,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR,efficiency,0.76,per unit (in LHV),"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SMR,investment,522201.0492,EUR/MW_CH4,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR,lifetime,30.0,years,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SMR CC,FOM,5.0,%/year,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR CC,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",wide range: capture rates between 54%-90%, -SMR CC,efficiency,0.69,per unit (in LHV),"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SMR CC,investment,605753.2171,EUR/MW_CH4,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR CC,lifetime,30.0,years,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SOEC,FOM,4.0,%/year,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,US-based assumptions for a Conservative cost scenario,2022.0 -SOEC,electricity-input,1.15,MWh_el/MWh_H2,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,, -SOEC,investment,2134.0823,USD/kW,"ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions, https://theicct.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/fuels-eu-cost-renew-H-produced-onsite-H-refueling-stations-europe-feb22.pdf adjusted according to DOE observations https://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/docs/hydrogenprogramlibraries/pdfs/24005-clean-hydrogen-production-cost-pem-electrolyzer.pdf?sfvrsn=8cb10889_1#:~:text=This%20Record%20shows%20that%20the,factors%20of%2050%2D75%25",US-based assumptions for a Conservative cost scenario,2022.0 -SOEC,lifetime,30.0,years,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,, -Sand-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Sand-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Sand-charger,investment,144192.2682,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Sand-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,efficiency,0.53,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,investment,576769.073,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Sand-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['sand'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Sand-store,investment,6700.8517,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.100 (p.122)","{'carrier': ['sand'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -Sand-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['sand'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Steam methane reforming,FOM,3.0,%/year,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW).,2015.0 -Steam methane reforming,investment,497454.611,EUR/MW_H2,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW). Currency conversion 1.17 USD = 1 EUR.,2015.0 -Steam methane reforming,lifetime,30.0,years,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW).,2015.0 -Steam methane reforming,methane-input,1.483,MWh_CH4/MWh_H2,"Keipi et al (2018): Economic analysis of hydrogen production by methane thermal decomposition (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2017.12.063), table 2.","Large scale SMR plant producing 2.5 kg/s H2 output (assuming 33.3333 MWh/t H2 LHV), with 6.9 kg/s CH4 input (feedstock) and 2 kg/s CH4 input (energy). Neglecting water consumption.", -"Tank&bulk, diesel",efficiency,0.462,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, diesel",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, diesel",investment,35129312.4041,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, diesel",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, diesel",lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, diesel",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, methanol",efficiency,0.4695,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, methanol",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, methanol",investment,35129312.4041,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, methanol",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, methanol",lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, methanol",2023.0 -"Tankbulk, ammonia",efficiency,0.471,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tankbulk, ammonia",2023.0 -"Tankbulk, ammonia",investment,35129312.4041,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tankbulk, ammonia",2023.0 -"Tankbulk, ammonia",lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tankbulk, ammonia",2023.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,FOM,2.4395,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,efficiency,0.8062,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.65^0.5']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,investment,129023.0526,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-store,FOM,0.2345,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['vanadium'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-store,investment,258072.8586,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['vanadium'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-store,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['vanadium'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,FOM,2.4395,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,efficiency,0.7937,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.25 ","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['(0.63)^0.5 efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,investment,129023.0526,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,lifetime,25.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-store,FOM,0.1654,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-store,investment,174388.0144,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.48 (p.70) text below Table 4.12","{'carrier': ['znair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-store,lifetime,25.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['znair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,FOM,2.1198,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,efficiency,0.8307,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.25 ","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['(0.69)^0.5 efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,investment,81553.4846,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,lifetime,10.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.27","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-store,FOM,0.2576,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znbrflow'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-store,investment,412306.5947,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['znbrflow'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-store,lifetime,10.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.27","{'carrier': ['znbrflow'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,FOM,2.4395,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,efficiency,0.8888,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.25","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': [' (0.79)^0.5 efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,investment,129023.0526,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,FOM,0.2244,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,investment,239220.5823,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -air separation unit,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -air separation unit,electricity-input,0.25,MWh_el/t_N2,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), p.288.","For consistency reasons use value from Danish Energy Agency. DEA also reports range of values (0.2-0.4 MWh/t_N2) on pg. 288. Other efficienices reported are even higher, e.g. 0.11 Mwh/t_N2 from Morgan (2013): Techno-Economic Feasibility Study of Ammonia Plants Powered by Offshore Wind .", -air separation unit,investment,334464.0799,EUR/t_N2/h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 -air separation unit,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -allam,VOM,2.0,EUR/MWh,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -allam,efficiency,0.6,p.u.,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -allam,investment,1500.0,EUR/kW,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -allam,lifetime,30.0,years,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,FOM,5.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.99,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",CO2 volume captured / (Stream flowrate * Max. capacity utilization * CO2 in exhaust * 8760),2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.1,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,investment,929753.03,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 41 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 389000 t/year",2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -battery inverter,FOM,0.2104,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -battery inverter,efficiency,0.95,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2020.0 -battery inverter,investment,272.9393,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2020.0 -battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -battery storage,investment,207.0085,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2020.0 -battery storage,lifetime,16.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,FOM,100.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,VOM,480.1251,EUR/MWh_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-biochar,1.0,MWh_biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency biochar",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-heat,3.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency heat",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,investment,480125.1,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.144,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0 -biodiesel crops,fuel,137.5427,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIORPS1 (rape seed), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -bioethanol crops,CO2 intensity,0.1289,tCO2/MWh_th,,"CO2 released during fermentation of bioethanol crops, based on stochiometric composition: C6H12O6 -> 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2 , i.e. 1 kg ethanol → ~0.956 kg CO₂ (from fermentation) → 0.1289 tCO₂/MWh (with LHV = 26.7 MJ/kg).", -bioethanol crops,fuel,86.1222,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOCRP11 (Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -biogas,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 -biogas,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biogas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, -biogas,fuel,62.4351,EUR/MWhth,JRC and Zappa, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biogas,investment,856.5131,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 -biogas,lifetime,23.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biogas CC,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas CC,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 -biogas CC,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biogas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, -biogas CC,investment,856.5131,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 -biogas CC,lifetime,23.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biogas manure,fuel,19.8782,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOGAS1 (manure), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,FOM,57.2351,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,VOM,2.3111,EUR/MWh_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Variable O&M,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,investment,1384.9722,EUR/kW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Specific investment,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -biogas upgrading,FOM,17.0397,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Fixed O&M ",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,VOM,3.5702,EUR/MWh output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Variable O&M",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,investment,165.5572,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: investment (upgrading, methane redution and grid injection)",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,lifetime,23.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biomass,FOM,4.5269,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,efficiency,0.468,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,fuel,7.4076,EUR/MWhth,IEA2011b, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,investment,2337.6116,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,lifetime,30.0,years,ECF2010 in DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass CHP,FOM,3.4143,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass CHP,VOM,2.5631,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -biomass CHP,c_b,0.5587,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -biomass CHP,efficiency,0.2798,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.5498,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass CHP,investment,4008.5559,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -biomass CHP,lifetime,21.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,capture_rate,0.96,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-electricity-input,0.0933,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-heat-output,0.1533,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,electricity-input,0.0267,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-input,0.7577,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-output,0.7577,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,investment,2966666.6667,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass EOP,FOM,3.4143,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass EOP,VOM,2.5631,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -biomass EOP,c_b,0.5587,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -biomass EOP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -biomass EOP,efficiency,0.2798,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass EOP,efficiency-heat,0.5498,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass EOP,investment,4008.5559,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -biomass EOP,lifetime,21.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass HOP,FOM,5.3101,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Fixed O&M, heat output",2015.0 -biomass HOP,VOM,3.4552,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Variable O&M heat output,2015.0 -biomass HOP,efficiency,0.9308,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass HOP,investment,1077.4665,EUR/kW_th - heat output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Nominal investment ,2015.0 -biomass HOP,lifetime,21.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -biomass boiler,FOM,5.8251,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass boiler,efficiency,0.8099,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -biomass boiler,investment,946.2879,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Specific investment",2015.0 -biomass boiler,lifetime,16.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass boiler,pelletizing cost,9.0,EUR/MWh_pellets,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.109506,,2019.0 -biomass-to-methanol,C in fuel,0.7311,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,C stored,0.2689,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,CO2 stored,0.0986,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,FOM,29.4909,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,VOM,8.0125,EUR/MWh_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Variable O&M,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency,1.08,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Methanol Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-electricity,0.84,MWh_e/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Electricity Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-heat,0.9067,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: District heat Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,investment,2714.5175,EUR/kW_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Specific investment,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,FOM,14.18,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",123.67 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘BF-BOF’.,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,coal-input,1.43,MWh_coal/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15). ","Based on process ‘Avg BF-BOF` using 195 kg_PCI/t_HM (PCI = Pulverized Coal Injected; HM = Hot Metal) as substitute for coke, 24 MJ/kg as LHV for coal and 1 : 1.1 as HM-to-steel ratio.",2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15).",,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,investment,7637406.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",871.85 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘Avg BF-BOF’.,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15).",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,ore-input,1.539,t_ore/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",Based on process ‘Avg BF-BOF`,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,scrap-input,0.051,t_scrap/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",Based on process ‘Avg BF-BOF`,2020.0 -cement capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,capture_rate,0.96,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,compression-electricity-input,0.0933,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,compression-heat-output,0.1533,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,electricity-input,0.0223,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,heat-input,0.7577,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,heat-output,1.5833,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,investment,2600000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,FOM,7.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",CO2 volume captured / (Stream flowrate * Max. capacity utilization * CO2 in exhaust * 8760),2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,investment,2587727.173,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 247 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 842000 t/year",2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement dry clinker,FOM,4.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,VOM,5.2911,EUR/t_clinker,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,electricity-input,0.0694,MWh_el/t_clinker,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original values 0.25 PJ per Mt clinker,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,gas-input,0.0002,MWh_NG/t_clinker,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original values 0.0058 PJ per Mt clinker,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,heat-input,0.9444,MWh_th/t_CO2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original values 3.4 PJ per Mt clinker,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,investment,1158752.6816,EUR/t_clinker/h,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original value 125 EUR/t/year,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,lifetime,30.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement finishing,FOM,30.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement finishing,VOM,3.1747,EUR/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement finishing,clinker-input,0.656,t_cl/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND_Trans.xlsx`, Sheet `IND_Trans` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer),2015.0 -cement finishing,electricity-input,0.1736,MWh_el/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND_Trans.xlsx`, Sheet `IND_Trans` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer) with original value 0.6251 PJ per Mt cement.,2015.0 -cement finishing,investment,92700.2145,EUR/t_cement/h,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original value 10 EUR/t/year,2015.0 -cement finishing,lifetime,25.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer),2015.0 -cement finishing,slag-input,0.194,t_slag/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND_Trans.xlsx`, Sheet `IND_Trans` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer),2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.3153,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.3175,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.0333,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Total efficiency, net, name plate",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,investment,1342.3686,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,18.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central coal CHP,FOM,1.6316,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central coal CHP,VOM,2.9438,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central coal CHP,c_b,0.84,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -central coal CHP,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cv coefficient,2015.0 -central coal CHP,efficiency,0.5183,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","01 Coal CHP: Electricity efficiency, condensation mode, net",2015.0 -central coal CHP,investment,1928.6967,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central coal CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.4672,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.4798,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,efficiency,5.1,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,investment,906.0988,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,lifetime,18.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas CHP,FOM,2.4236,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP,VOM,5.0795,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP,c_b,1.12,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central gas CHP,c_v,0.17,per unit,DEA (loss of fuel for additional heat), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central gas CHP,efficiency,0.3867,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central gas CHP,investment,807.7758,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central gas CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,FOM,2.4236,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,VOM,5.0795,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,c_b,1.12,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,efficiency,0.3867,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,investment,807.7758,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas boiler,FOM,1.2411,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central gas boiler,VOM,1.9401,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central gas boiler,efficiency,0.97,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","44 Natural Gas DH Only: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central gas boiler,investment,197.5347,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central gas boiler,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,FOM,0.642,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,VOM,4.8806,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,investment,3631.8695,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.3697,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,VOM,0.558,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,1.7033,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,investment,763.3305,EUR/kW_th excluding drive energy,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,18.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,FOM,4.6774,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,efficiency,0.4733,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,investment,1093.4957,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central resistive heater,FOM,0.7488,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central resistive heater,VOM,1.0229,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central resistive heater,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","41 Electric Boilers: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central resistive heater,investment,144.6236,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Nominal investment; 10/15 kV; >10 MW,2015.0 -central resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central solar thermal,FOM,1.4,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solar thermal,investment,148151.0278,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,FOM,2.7701,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,VOM,5.6172,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,c_b,0.4416,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency,0.2496,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.5952,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,investment,4304.0146,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,lifetime,21.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,FOM,2.7701,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,VOM,5.6172,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_b,0.4416,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency,0.2496,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.5952,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,investment,6311.2636,EUR/kW_e,Combination of central solid biomass CHP CC and solid biomass boiler steam,,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,lifetime,21.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,FOM,2.7701,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,VOM,5.6172,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_b,0.4416,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency,0.2496,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency-heat,0.5952,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,investment,4304.0146,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,lifetime,21.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central water pit charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2020.0 -central water pit discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2020.0 -central water pit storage,Bottom storage temperature,35.0,⁰C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Typical bottom storage temperature,2020.0 -central water pit storage,FOM,0.2354,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -central water pit storage,Top storage temperature,90.0,⁰C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Typical max. storage temperature,2020.0 -central water pit storage,energy to power ratio,31.3953,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2020.0 -central water pit storage,investment,1.0622,EUR/kWh Capacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Specific investment,2020.0 -central water pit storage,lifetime,26.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -central water pit storage,standing losses,0.009,%/hour,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Energy losses during storage,2020.0 -central water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2020.0 -central water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2020.0 -central water tank storage,FOM,1.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central water tank storage,energy to power ratio,59.6296,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2020.0 -central water tank storage,investment,6.4634,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Specific investment,2020.0 -central water tank storage,lifetime,33.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -central water tank storage,standing losses,0.0093,%/hour,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Energy losses during storage,2020.0 -central water tank storage,temperature difference,58.3333,"hot/cold, K","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Typical temperature difference,2020.0 -clean water tank storage,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0 -clean water tank storage,investment,69.1286,EUR/m^3-H2O,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0 -clean water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",, -coal,CO2 intensity,0.3361,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid-Emissionen des deutschen Strommix in den Jahren 1990 - 2018,, -coal,FOM,1.31,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100.",2023.0 -coal,VOM,3.2612,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3+5.5)USD/MWh_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR).",2023.0 -coal,efficiency,0.356,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. 1 / ((8.75+12) MMbtu/MWh_th /2 / (3.4095 MMbtu/MWh_th)), rounded up.",2023.0 -coal,fuel,9.5542,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on IEA 2011 data, 99 USD/t.",2010.0 -coal,investment,3827.1629,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Higher costs include coal plants with CCS, but since using here for calculating the average nevertheless. Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3200+6775) USD/kW_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR).",2023.0 -coal,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 -csp-tower,FOM,1.3,%/year,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power),Ratio between CAPEX and FOM from ATB database for “moderate” scenario.,2020.0 -csp-tower,investment,99.97,"EUR/kW_th,dp",ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include solar field and solar tower as well as EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant). Total costs (223,708,924 USD) are divided by active area (heliostat reflective area, 1,269,054 m2) and multiplied by design point DNI (0.95 kW/m2) to obtain EUR/kW_th. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR.",2020.0 -csp-tower,lifetime,30.0,years,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power),-,2020.0 -csp-tower TES,FOM,1.3,%/year,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -csp-tower TES,investment,13.39,EUR/kWh_th,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include the TES incl. EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant, 2.791 MW_th TES). Total costs (69390776.7 USD) are divided by TES size to obtain EUR/kW_th. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR.",2020.0 -csp-tower TES,lifetime,30.0,years,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -csp-tower power block,FOM,1.3,%/year,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -csp-tower power block,investment,700.34,EUR/kW_e,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include the power cycle incl. BOP and EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant). Total costs (135185685.5 USD) are divided by power block nameplate capacity size to obtain EUR/kW_e. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR.",2020.0 -csp-tower power block,lifetime,30.0,years,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -decentral CHP,FOM,3.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral CHP,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral CHP,investment,1481.5103,EUR/kWel,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,FOM,2.5989,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.2,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.3 Air to water existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,883.6151,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,16.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,FOM,5.7533,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,efficiency,0.9767,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","202 Natural gas boiler: Total efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,investment,147.1033,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,lifetime,16.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler connection,investment,105.1674,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Possible additional specific investment,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler connection,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,1.8469,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.6667,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.7 Ground source existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,1243.4104,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,16.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,FOM,2.0,%/year,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,investment,165.0975,EUR/kWth,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf) (+eigene Berechnung), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,FOM,2.0,%/year,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,investment,105.8222,EUR/kWhth,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,FOM,1.3,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,investment,285719.8393,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2020.0 -decentral water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,FOM,1.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,VOM,1.0582,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Variable O&M,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,energy to power ratio,0.41,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,investment,228.7054,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Specific investment,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,standing losses,1.3667,%/hour,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Energy losses during storage,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,temperature difference,50.0,"hot/cold, K","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Typical temperature difference,2020.0 -digestible biomass,fuel,17.0611,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOAGRW1, ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0 -digestible biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -digestible biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -digestible biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.39,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, -digestible biomass to hydrogen,investment,3177.8395,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -direct air capture,FOM,4.95,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,compression-electricity-input,0.15,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,compression-heat-output,0.2,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,electricity-input,0.4,MWh_el/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","0.4 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 0.182 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019). Should already include electricity for water scrubbing and compression (high quality CO2 output).",2020.0 -direct air capture,heat-input,1.6,MWh_th/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","Thermal energy demand. Provided via air-sourced heat pumps. 1.6 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 1.102 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019).",2020.0 -direct air capture,heat-output,1.0833,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,investment,7000000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct firing gas,FOM,1.0909,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas,VOM,0.2828,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing gas,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing gas,lifetime,11.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,FOM,1.0909,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,VOM,0.2828,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,lifetime,11.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,FOM,1.4545,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,VOM,0.3326,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,lifetime,11.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,FOM,1.4545,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,VOM,0.3326,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,lifetime,11.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Based on https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/capesize-freight-returns-below-operating-expense-levels-but-shipowners-reject-lay-ups/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","5000 USD/d OPEX, exchange rate: 1.15 USD = 1 EUR; absolute value calculate relative to investment cost.",2020.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,capacity,180000.0,t,-,"DWT; corresponds to size of Capesize bulk carriers which have previously docked at the habour in Hamburg, Germany. Short of 200 kt limit for VLBCs.",2020.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,investment,40000000.0,EUR,"Based on https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/dry-bulk-carriers-in-high-demand-as-rates-keep-rallying/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","See figure for ‘Dry Bulk Newbuild Prices’, Capesize at end of 2020. Exchange rate: 1.15 USD = 1 EUR.",2020.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,lifetime,25.0,years,"Based on https://mfame.guru/fall-life-expectancy-bulk-carriers/, accessed: 2022-12-03.",Expected lifetime.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,FOM,30.0,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","EAF has high OPEX of 62.99 EUR/year/t_steel, presumably because of electrode corrosion.",2020.0 -electric arc furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,electricity-input,0.6395,MWh_el/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘EAF’. ,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,hbi-input,1.0,t_hbi/t_steel,-,Assume HBI instead of scrap as input.Scrap would require higher input (in tonnes) as steel content is lower.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,investment,1839600.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",210 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘EAF’.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,FOM,30.0,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","EAF has high OPEX of 62.99 EUR/year/t_steel, presumably because of electrode corrosion.",2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,electricity-input,0.6395,MWh_el/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘EAF’. ,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,hbi-input,0.37,t_hbi/t_steel,"World Steel Association, Fact Sheet – Steel and raw materials: https://worldsteel.org/wp-content/uploads/Fact-sheet-raw-materials-2023-1.pdf, Accessed 2024-04-17.",Assume HBI instead of scrap as input.Scrap would require higher input (in tonnes) as steel content is lower.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,investment,1839600.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",210 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘EAF’.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,scrap-input,0.71,t_scrap/t_steel,"World Steel Association, Fact Sheet – Steel and raw materials: https://worldsteel.org/wp-content/uploads/Fact-sheet-raw-materials-2023-1.pdf, Accessed 2024-04-17.",,2020.0 -electric boiler steam,FOM,1.3227,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Fixed O&M,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,VOM,0.814,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Variable O&M,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,efficiency,0.9833,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","310.1 Electric boiler steam : Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -electric boiler steam,investment,73.8467,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Nominal investment,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,lifetime,21.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Technical lifetime,2019.0 -electric steam cracker,FOM,3.0,%/year,Guesstimate,,2015.0 -electric steam cracker,VOM,190.4799,EUR/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",,2015.0 -electric steam cracker,carbondioxide-output,0.55,t_CO2/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), ",The report also references another source with 0.76 t_CO2/t_HVC, -electric steam cracker,electricity-input,2.7,MWh_el/t_HVC,"Lechtenböhmer et al. (2016): 10.1016/j.energy.2016.07.110, Section 4.3, page 6.",Assuming electrified processing., -electric steam cracker,investment,11124025.7434,EUR/(t_HVC/h),"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",Assuming CAPEX of 1200 €/t actually given in €/(t/a).,2015.0 -electric steam cracker,lifetime,30.0,years,Guesstimate,, -electric steam cracker,naphtha-input,14.8,MWh_naphtha/t_HVC,"Lechtenböhmer et al. (2016): 10.1016/j.energy.2016.07.110, Section 4.3, page 6.",, -electricity distribution grid,FOM,2.0,%/year,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity distribution grid,investment,529.1108,EUR/kW,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity distribution grid,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity grid connection,FOM,2.0,%/year,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity grid connection,investment,148.151,EUR/kW,DEA, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity grid connection,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electrobiofuels,C in fuel,0.9292,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,FOM,37.2105,%/year,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2015.0 -electrobiofuels,VOM,3.0362,EUR/MWh_th,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2017.0 -electrobiofuels,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -electrobiofuels,efficiency-biomass,1.325,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,efficiency-hydrogen,1.2543,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,efficiency-tot,0.6443,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,investment,392280.346,EUR/kW_th,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2017.0 -electrolysis,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 -electrolysis,efficiency,0.6695,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 -electrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.1653,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 -electrolysis,investment,1200.0,EUR/kW_e,private communications; IEA https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/9e0c82d4-06d2-496b-9542-f184ba803645/TheRoleofE-fuelsinDecarbonisingTransport.pdf,,2020.0 -electrolysis,lifetime,28.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -electrolysis small,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 -electrolysis small,efficiency,0.6695,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 -electrolysis small,efficiency-heat,0.1653,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 -electrolysis small,investment,883.3333,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Specific investment,2020.0 -electrolysis small,lifetime,28.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Technical lifetime of plant,2020.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,FOM,7.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.94,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.12,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,investment,928559.735,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 36 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 342000 t/year",2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol from starch crop,FOM,16.4,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original values FIXOM in MEUR/GW divided by INVCOST for the corresponding year",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,VOM,26.3497,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value 6.93 MEUR/PJ VAROM",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,efficiency,0.58,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production. Converted from 0.35 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,investment,603376.8073,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for USA and European production,2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,FOM,19.51,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original values FIXOM in MEUR/GW divided by INVCOST for the corresponding year",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,VOM,23.1751,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production, original value 6.09 MEUR/PJ VAROM",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,efficiency,0.45,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production. Converted from 0.292 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,investment,446537.78,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for Brazilian production,2015.0 -fuel cell,FOM,4.6774,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -fuel cell,efficiency,0.4733,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -fuel cell,investment,1093.4957,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -fuelwood,fuel,13.193,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOO (FuelwoodRW), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -gas,CO2 intensity,0.198,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 50 GJ/t CH4,, -gas,fuel,24.568,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -gas boiler steam,FOM,3.7125,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,VOM,1.0406,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -gas boiler steam,investment,48.8242,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -gas storage,FOM,0.5368,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",150 Underground Storage of Gas: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -gas storage,investment,0.2366,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",150 Underground Storage of Gas: Specific investment,2020.0 -gas storage,lifetime,100.0,years,TODO no source,"150 Underground Storage of Gas: estimation: most underground storage are already built, they do have a long lifetime",2020.0 -gas storage charger,investment,15.2479,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",,2020.0 -gas storage discharger,investment,5.0826,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",,2020.0 -geothermal,CO2 intensity,0.12,tCO2/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",Likely to be improved; Average of 85 percent of global egs power plant capacity; Result of fluid circulation through rock formations,2020.0 -geothermal,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",See Supplemental Material of source for details,2020.0 -geothermal,district heat surcharge,25.0,%,Frey et al. 2022: Techno-Economic Assessment of Geothermal Resources in the Variscan Basement of the Northern Upper Rhine Graben,"If capital cost of electric generation from EGS is 100%, district heating adds additional 25%. Costs incurred by piping.",2020.0 -geothermal,district heat-input,0.8,MWh_thdh/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, District Heat-output. This is an assessment of typical heat losses when heat is transmitted from the EGS plant to the DH network, This is a rough estimate, depends on local conditions",2020.0 -geothermal,lifetime,30.0,years,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",,2020.0 -helmeth,FOM,3.0,%/year,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -helmeth,efficiency,0.8,per unit,HELMETH press release, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -helmeth,investment,2116.4433,EUR/kW,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -helmeth,lifetime,25.0,years,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -home battery inverter,FOM,0.2104,%/year,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -home battery inverter,efficiency,0.95,per unit,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2020.0 -home battery inverter,investment,394.5753,EUR/kW,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2020.0 -home battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -home battery storage,investment,299.8656,EUR/kWh,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2020.0 -home battery storage,lifetime,16.6667,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -hydro,FOM,1.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -hydro,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -hydro,investment,2274.8177,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 -hydro,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,FOM,11.3,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","55.28 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ OPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15).",,2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,electricity-input,1.03,MWh_el/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ reduced by electricity demand of process ‘EAF’.,2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,hydrogen-input,2.1,MWh_H2/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2022-12-05). ","63 kg H2/t steel for process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ according to documentation (raw input files for MPP model list 73 kg H2 / t steel, which seems to high and is probably incorrect).",2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,investment,4277858.0,EUR/t_HBI/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","488.34 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ CAPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,ore-input,1.59,t_ore/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03). ",Based on process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’.,2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,compression-electricity-input,0.05,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.",1.707 kWh/kg.,2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,investment,87.69,EUR/kW_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.","2923 EUR/kg_H2. For a 206 kg/h compressor. Base CAPEX 40 528 EUR/kW_el with scale factor 0.4603. kg_H2 converted to MWh using LHV. Pressure range: 30 bar in, 250 bar out.",2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,lifetime,15.0,years,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,investment,13.5,EUR/kWh_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.","450 EUR/kg_H2 converted with LHV to MWh. For a type 1 hydrogen storage tank (steel, 15-250 bar). Currency year assumed 2020 for initial publication of reference; observe note in SI.4.3 that no currency year is explicitly stated in the reference.",2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,lifetime,20.0,years,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,min_fill_level,6.0,%,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,FOM,1.1765,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,investment,45.1945,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Specific investment,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,lifetime,28.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,FOM,0.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,VOM,0.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Variable O&M,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,investment,1.7723,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Specific investment,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,lifetime,100.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,FOM,0.0884,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,VOM,3.1888,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Variable O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,efficiency,3.0167,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,investment,914.8394,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Nominal investment,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,lifetime,16.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,FOM,0.1061,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,VOM,3.1888,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Variable O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,efficiency,2.55,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,investment,762.3661,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,lifetime,16.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -iron ore DRI-ready,commodity,97.73,EUR/t,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://missionpossiblepartnership.org/action-sectors/steel/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","DRI ready assumes 65% iron content, requiring no additional benefication.",2020.0 -iron-air battery,FOM,1.1808,%/year,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery,investment,11.1494,EUR/kWh,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery,lifetime,17.5,years,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery charge,efficiency,0.74,per unit,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery discharge,efficiency,0.63,per unit,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -lignite,CO2 intensity,0.4069,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid-Emissionen des deutschen Strommix in den Jahren 1990 - 2018,, -lignite,FOM,1.31,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,VOM,3.2612,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3+5.5)USD/MWh_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR). Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,efficiency,0.33,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. 1 / ((8.75+12) MMbtu/MWh_th /2 / (3.4095 MMbtu/MWh_th)), rounded up. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,fuel,3.2985,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on IEA 2011 data, 10 USD/t.",2010.0 -lignite,investment,3827.1629,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Higher costs include coal plants with CCS, but since using here for calculating the average nevertheless. Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3200+6775) USD/kW_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR). Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf .",2023.0 -lignite,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -methanation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.2.3.1",,2017.0 -methanation,carbondioxide-input,0.198,t_CO2/MWh_CH4,"Götz et al. (2016): Renewable Power-to-Gas: A technological and economic review (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2015.07.066), Fig. 11 .",Additional H2 required for methanation process (2x H2 amount compared to stochiometric conversion)., -methanation,efficiency,0.8,per unit,Palzer and Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -methanation,hydrogen-input,1.282,MWh_H2/MWh_CH4,,Based on ideal conversion process of stochiometric composition (1 t CH4 contains 750 kg of carbon)., -methanation,investment,599.7787,EUR/kW_CH4,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 6: “Reference scenario”.",,2017.0 -methanation,lifetime,20.0,years,Guesstimate.,"Based on lifetime for methanolisation, Fischer-Tropsch plants.",2017.0 -methane storage tank incl. compressor,FOM,1.9,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor by DEA.",Based on assumptions for hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor (by DEA).,2014.0 -methane storage tank incl. compressor,investment,8961.5075,EUR/m^3,Storage costs per l: https://www.compositesworld.com/articles/pressure-vessels-for-alternative-fuels-2014-2023 (2021-02-10).,"Assume 5USD/l (= 4.23 EUR/l at 1.17 USD/EUR exchange rate) for type 1 pressure vessel for 200 bar storage and 100% surplus costs for including compressor costs with storage, based on similar assumptions by DEA for compressed hydrogen storage tanks.",2014.0 -methane storage tank incl. compressor,lifetime,30.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor by DEA.",Based on assumptions for hydrogen storage tank 1 including compressor (by DEA).,2014.0 -methanol,CO2 intensity,0.2482,tCO2/MWh_th,,, -methanol-to-kerosene,FOM,4.5,%/year,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",,2020.0 -methanol-to-kerosene,VOM,1.35,EUR/MWh_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",,2020.0 -methanol-to-kerosene,hydrogen-input,0.0279,MWh_H2/MWh_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 6.","Assuming LHV 11.94 kWh/kg for kerosene, 5.54 kWh/kg for methanol, 33.3 kWh/kg for hydrogen.", -methanol-to-kerosene,investment,234500.0,EUR/MW_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",,2020.0 -methanol-to-kerosene,lifetime,30.0,years,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",, -methanol-to-kerosene,methanol-input,1.0764,MWh_MeOH/MWh_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 6.","Assuming LHV 11.94 kWh/kg for kerosene, 5.54 kWh/kg for methanol, 33.3 kWh/kg for hydrogen.", -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,FOM,3.0,%/year,Guesstimate,same as steam cracker,2015.0 -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,VOM,31.7466,EUR/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35", ,2015.0 -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,carbondioxide-output,0.6107,t_CO2/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Sections 4.5 (for ethylene and propylene) and 4.6 (for BTX)","Weighted average: 0.4 t_MeOH/t_ethylene+propylene for 21.7 Mt of ethylene and 17 Mt of propylene, 1.13 t_CO2/t_BTX for 15.7 Mt of BTX. The report also references process emissions of 0.55 t_MeOH/t_ethylene+propylene elsewhere. ", -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,electricity-input,1.3889,MWh_el/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), page 69",5 GJ/t_HVC , -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,investment,2781006.4359,EUR/(t_HVC/h),"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",Assuming CAPEX of 1200 €/t actually given in €/(t/a).,2015.0 -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,lifetime,30.0,years,Guesstimate,same as steam cracker, -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,methanol-input,18.03,MWh_MeOH/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Sections 4.5 (for ethylene and propylene) and 4.6 (for BTX)","Weighted average: 2.83 t_MeOH/t_ethylene+propylene for 21.7 Mt of ethylene and 17 Mt of propylene, 4.2 t_MeOH/t_BTX for 15.7 Mt of BTX. Assuming 5.54 MWh_MeOH/t_MeOH. ", -methanolisation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.1.",,2017.0 -methanolisation,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -methanolisation,carbondioxide-input,0.248,t_CO2/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 66.",, -methanolisation,electricity-input,0.271,MWh_e/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 65.",, -methanolisation,heat-output,0.1,MWh_th/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 65.",steam generation of 2 GJ/t_MeOH, -methanolisation,hydrogen-input,1.138,MWh_H2/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 64.",189 kg_H2 per t_MeOH, -methanolisation,investment,611732.6641,EUR/MW_MeOH,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 8: “Reference scenario”.","Well developed technology, no significant learning expected.",2017.0 -methanolisation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (04/2022), Data sheet “Methanol to Power”.",,2017.0 -micro CHP,FOM,7.0588,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -micro CHP,efficiency,0.3237,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Electric efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -micro CHP,efficiency-heat,0.6057,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -micro CHP,investment,9929.0958,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 -micro CHP,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,FOM,11.3,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,gas-input,2.78,MWh_NG/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",Original value 10 GJ/t_DRI.,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,investment,4277858.0,EUR/t_HBI/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.","488.34 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ CAPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,ore-input,1.59,t_ore/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",, -nuclear,FOM,1.27,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (131.5+152.75)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) relative to investment costs.",2023.0 -nuclear,VOM,3.5464,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (4.25+5)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 -nuclear,efficiency,0.326,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on heat rate of 10.45 MMBtu/MWh_e and 3.4095 MMBtu/MWh_th, i.e. 1/(10.45/3.4095) = 0.3260.",2023.0 -nuclear,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -nuclear,investment,8594.1354,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (8475+13925)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 -nuclear,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 -offwind,FOM,3.0274,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Fixed O&M [EUR/MW_e/y, 2020]",2020.0 -offwind,VOM,0.0212,EUR/MWhel,RES costs made up to fix curtailment order, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind,investment,1640.5534,"EUR/kW_e, 2020","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Nominal investment [MEUR/MW_e, 2020] grid connection costs subtracted from investment costs",2020.0 -offwind,lifetime,25.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2841.3251,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,1420.1334,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-ac-station,investment,264.5554,EUR/kWel,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2116.4433,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,1058.2216,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017; average + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-station,investment,423.2887,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017; assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-float,FOM,1.22,%/year,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0 -offwind-float,investment,1960.0,EUR/kWel,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0 -offwind-float,lifetime,20.0,years,C. Maienza 2020 A life cycle cost model for floating offshore wind farms,,2020.0 -offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2118.5597,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf,,2014.0 -offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,1039.4778,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017, average + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 -offwind-float-station,investment,415.7911,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017, assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 -oil,CO2 intensity,0.2571,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 44 GJ/t diesel and -CH2- approximation of diesel,, -oil,FOM,2.0542,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -oil,VOM,8.113,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0 -oil,efficiency,0.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","50 Diesel engine farm: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -oil,fuel,52.9111,EUR/MWhth,IEA WEM2017 97USD/boe = http://www.iea.org/media/weowebsite/2017/WEM_Documentation_WEO2017.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -oil,investment,429.1441,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Specific investment,2015.0 -oil,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -onwind,FOM,1.1758,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -onwind,VOM,1.5577,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Variable O&M,2015.0 -onwind,investment,1236.532,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Nominal investment ,2015.0 -onwind,lifetime,25.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -organic rankine cycle,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551","Both for flash, binary and ORC plants. See Supplemental Material for details",2020.0 -organic rankine cycle,electricity-input,0.12,MWh_el/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, Electricity-output. This is a rough estimate, depends on input temperature, implies ~150 C.",2020.0 -organic rankine cycle,investment,1376.0,EUR/kW_el,Tartiere and Astolfi 2017: A world overview of the organic Rankine cycle market,"Low rollout complicates the estimation, compounded by a dependence both on plant size and temperature, converted from 1500 USD/kW using currency conversion 1.09 USD = 1 EUR.",2020.0 -organic rankine cycle,lifetime,30.0,years,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",,2020.0 -ror,FOM,2.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -ror,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -ror,investment,3412.2266,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 -ror,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -seawater RO desalination,electricity-input,0.003,MWHh_el/t_H2O,"Caldera et al. (2016): Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Fig. 4.",Desalination using SWRO. Assume medium salinity of 35 Practical Salinity Units (PSUs) = 35 kg/m^3., -seawater desalination,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2015.0 -seawater desalination,electricity-input,3.0348,kWh/m^3-H2O,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Fig. 4.",, -seawater desalination,investment,27828.5154,EUR/(m^3-H2O/h),"Caldera et al 2017: Learning Curve for Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination Plants: Capital Cost Trend of the Past, Present, and Future (https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR021402), Table 4.",,2015.0 -seawater desalination,lifetime,30.0,years,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",, -shipping fuel methanol,CO2 intensity,0.2482,tCO2/MWh_th,-,Based on stochiometric composition.,2020.0 -shipping fuel methanol,fuel,72.0,EUR/MWh_th,"Based on (source 1) Hampp et al (2022), https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.01092, and (source 2): https://www.methanol.org/methanol-price-supply-demand/; both accessed: 2022-12-03.",400 EUR/t assuming range roughly in the long-term range for green methanol (source 1) and late 2020+beyond values for grey methanol (source 2).,2020.0 -solar,FOM,1.6237,%/year,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop' and 50% 'solar-utility',2020.0 -solar,VOM,0.0106,EUR/MWhel,RES costs made up to fix curtailment order, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -solar,investment,642.3674,EUR/kW_e,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop' and 50% 'solar-utility',2020.0 -solar,lifetime,38.3333,years,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop' and 50% 'solar-utility',2020.0 -solar-rooftop,FOM,1.2298,%/year,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop,discount rate,0.04,per unit,standard for decentral, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -solar-rooftop,investment,830.4127,EUR/kW_e,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop,lifetime,38.3333,years,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,FOM,1.3284,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,investment,682.5444,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,lifetime,38.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,FOM,1.1312,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,investment,978.2809,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,lifetime,38.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-utility,FOM,2.0177,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-utility,investment,454.3222,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-utility,lifetime,38.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,FOM,2.0001,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,investment,531.6308,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,lifetime,38.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solid biomass,CO2 intensity,0.3667,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 18 GJ/t_DM LHV and 50% C-content for solid biomass,, -solid biomass,fuel,13.6489,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOOW1 (secondary forest residue wood chips), ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,FOM,5.979,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,VOM,2.8448,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,investment,567.5818,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,lifetime,21.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,FOM,5.979,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,VOM,2.8448,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,investment,567.5818,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,lifetime,21.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -solid biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -solid biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -solid biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.56,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, -solid biomass to hydrogen,investment,3177.8395,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,FOM,5.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",CO2 volume captured / (Stream flowrate * Max. capacity utilization * CO2 in exhaust * 8760),2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,investment,3561435.753,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 1342 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 3324000 t/year",2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -uranium,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -waste CHP,FOM,2.3318,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -waste CHP,VOM,32.3035,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -waste CHP,c_b,0.3197,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP,efficiency,0.1807,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7212,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP,investment,9227.8073,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -waste CHP,lifetime,21.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,FOM,2.3318,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,VOM,32.3035,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,c_b,0.3197,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,efficiency,0.1807,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.7212,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,investment,9227.8073,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,lifetime,21.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -water tank charger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -water tank discharger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 diff --git a/ariadne-data/costs/pessimist/costs_2045.csv b/ariadne-data/costs/pessimist/costs_2045.csv deleted file mode 100644 index 8e03f192d..000000000 --- a/ariadne-data/costs/pessimist/costs_2045.csv +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1238 +0,0 @@ -technology,parameter,value,unit,source,further description,currency_year -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,FOM,2.8,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,VOM,0.2389,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,electricity-input,1.38,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,investment,429.0306,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,lifetime,40.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,FOM,2.3,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,VOM,0.2389,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,electricity-input,1.416,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,investment,506.0332,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,FOM,2.3,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,VOM,0.1934,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,electricity-input,1.41,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,investment,582.922,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW, -Ammonia cracker,FOM,4.3,%/year,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 7.","Estimated based on Labour cost rate, Maintenance cost rate, Insurance rate, Admin. cost rate and Chemical & other consumables cost rate.",2015.0 -Ammonia cracker,ammonia-input,1.46,MWh_NH3/MWh_H2,"ENGIE et al (2020): Ammonia to Green Hydrogen Feasibility Study (https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/880826/HS420_-_Ecuity_-_Ammonia_to_Green_Hydrogen.pdf), Fig. 10.",Assuming a integrated 200t/d cracking and purification facility. Electricity demand (316 MWh per 2186 MWh_LHV H2 output) is assumed to also be ammonia LHV input which seems a fair assumption as the facility has options for a higher degree of integration according to the report)., -Ammonia cracker,investment,699718.4683,EUR/MW_H2,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 6.",Calculated. For a small (200 t_NH3/d input) facility. Base cost for facility: 51 MEUR at capacity 20 000m^3_NH3/h = 339 t_NH3/d input. Cost scaling exponent 0.67. Ammonia density 0.7069 kg/m^3. Conversion efficiency of cracker: 0.685. Ammonia LHV: 5.167 MWh/t_NH3.; and Calculated. For a large (2500 t_NH3/d input) facility. Base cost for facility: 51 MEUR at capacity 20 000m^3_NH3/h = 339 t_NH3/d input. Cost scaling exponent 0.67. Ammonia density 0.7069 kg/m^3. Conversion efficiency of cracker: 0.685. Ammonia LHV: 5.167 MWh/t_NH3.,2015.0 -Ammonia cracker,lifetime,25.0,years,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 7.",,2015.0 -BEV Bus city,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,Motor size,424.1379,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,efficiency,0.6726,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,investment,198549.2586,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Coach,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,Motor size,539.6552,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,efficiency,0.65,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,investment,279089.0621,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,Motor size,813.7931,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,efficiency,1.156,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,investment,151213.8954,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,lifetime,10.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,Motor size,470.6897,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,efficiency,0.7343,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,investment,188744.5463,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,Motor size,1077.5862,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,efficiency,1.2875,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,investment,167722.8037,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),FOM,0.9,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),efficiency,0.68,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),investment,23827.0,EUR/PKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (trucks),FOM,16.0,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (trucks),2020.0 -Battery electric (trucks),investment,131200.0,EUR/LKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (trucks),2020.0 -Battery electric (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (trucks),2020.0 -BioSNG,C in fuel,0.3915,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,C stored,0.6085,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,CO2 stored,0.2231,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,FOM,1.2335,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Fixed O&M",2020.0 -BioSNG,VOM,2.3395,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Variable O&M",2020.0 -BioSNG,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -BioSNG,efficiency,0.725,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Bio SNG Output",2020.0 -BioSNG,investment,2747.1167,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Specific investment",2020.0 -BioSNG,lifetime,25.0,years,TODO,"84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -BtL,C in fuel,0.3039,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,C stored,0.6961,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,CO2 stored,0.2552,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,FOM,59.0947,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Fixed O&M",2020.0 -BtL,VOM,1.2517,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Variable O&M",2020.0 -BtL,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -BtL,efficiency,0.4333,per unit,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Electricity Output",2020.0 -BtL,investment,2338.825,EUR/kW_th,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Specific investment",2017.0 -BtL,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Technical lifetime",2020.0 -CCGT,FOM,2.8103,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -CCGT,VOM,6.949,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Variable O&M",2015.0 -CCGT,c_b,2.3,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -CCGT,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -CCGT,efficiency,0.5517,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -CCGT,investment,1125.2423,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Nominal investment",2015.0 -CCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -CH4 (g) fill compressor station,FOM,1.7,%/year,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0 -CH4 (g) fill compressor station,investment,1654.96,EUR/MW_CH4,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station cost.","Assume same ratio as between H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station, i.e. 1:19 , due to a lack of reliable numbers.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) fill compressor station,lifetime,20.0,years,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,FOM,1.5,%/year,Assume same as for H2 (g) pipeline in 2050 (CH4 pipeline as mature technology).,"Due to lack of numbers, use comparable H2 pipeline assumptions.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,electricity-input,0.01,MW_e/1000km/MW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: 112 6 gas Main distri line.","Assumption for gas pipeline >100MW, 0.1% per station and spacing of 100km yields 1%/1000km. Electric compression.",2015.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,investment,87.22,EUR/MW/km,Guesstimate.,"Based on Arab Gas Pipeline: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Gas_Pipeline: cost = 1.2e9 $-US (year = ?), capacity=10.3e9 m^3/a NG, l=1200km, NG-LHV=39MJ/m^3*90% (also Wikipedia estimate from here https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_of_combustion). Presumed to include booster station cost.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,lifetime,50.0,years,Assume same as for H2 (g) pipeline in 2050 (CH4 pipeline as mature technology).,"Due to lack of numbers, use comparable H2 pipeline assumptions.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,FOM,3.0,%/year,"d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material.",-,2015.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,electricity-input,0.01,MW_e/1000km/MW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: 112 6 gas Main distri line.","Assumption for gas pipeline >100MW, 0.1% per station and spacing of 100km yields 1%/1000km. Electric compression.",2015.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,investment,119.3173,EUR/MW/km,Kaiser (2017): 10.1016/j.marpol.2017.05.003 .,"Based on Gulfstream pipeline costs (430 mi long pipeline for natural gas in deep/shallow waters) of 2.72e6 USD/mi and 1.31 bn ft^3/d capacity (36 in diameter), LHV of methane 13.8888 MWh/t and density of 0.657 kg/m^3 and 1.17 USD:1EUR conversion rate = 102.4 EUR/MW/km. Number is without booster station cost. Estimation of additional cost for booster stations based on H2 (g) pipeline numbers from Guidehouse (2020): European Hydrogen Backbone report and Danish Energy Agency (2021): Technology Data for Energy Transport, were booster stations make ca. 6% of pipeline cost; here add additional 10% for booster stations as they need to be constructed submerged or on plattforms. (102.4*1.1).",2014.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,lifetime,30.0,years,"d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material.",-,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,capacity,58300.0,t_CH4,"Calculated, based on Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",based on 138 000 m^3 capacity and LNG density of 0.4226 t/m^3 .,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,investment,159791465.6831,EUR,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,lifetime,25.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2015.0 -CH4 evaporation,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 evaporation,investment,91.1101,EUR/kW_CH4,"Calculated, based on Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306","based on 100 MUSD-2005/(1 bcm/a), 1 bcm = 10.6 TWh, currency exchange rate: 1.15 USD=1 EUR.",2005.0 -CH4 evaporation,lifetime,30.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,electricity-input,0.036,MWh_el/MWh_CH4,"Pospíšil et al. (2019): Energy demand of liquefaction and regasification of natural gas and the potential of LNG for operative thermal energy storage (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.09.027), Table 2 and Table 3. alternative source 2: https://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/methane (accessed 2021-02-10).","Assuming 0.5 MWh/t_CH4 for refigeration cycle based on Table 2 of source; cleaning of gas presumed unnecessary as it should be nearly pure CH4 (=SNG). Assuming energy required is only electricity which is for Table 3 in the source provided with efficiencies of ~50% of LHV, making the numbers consistent with the numbers in Table 2.", -CH4 liquefaction,investment,241.443,EUR/kW_CH4,"Calculated, based on Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306","based on 265 MUSD-2005/(1 bcm/a), 1 bcm = 10.6 TWh, currency exchange rate: 1.15 USD=1 EUR.",2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,lifetime,25.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,methane-input,1.0,MWh_CH4/MWh_CH4,"Pospíšil et al. (2019): Energy demand of liquefaction and regasification of natural gas and the potential of LNG for operative thermal energy storage (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.09.027), Table 2 and Table 3. alternative source 2: https://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/methane (accessed 2021-02-10).","For refrigeration cycle, cleaning of gas presumed unnecessary as it should be nearly pure CH4 (=SNG). Assuming energy required is only electricity which is for Table 3 in the source provided with efficiencies of ~50% of LHV, making the numbers consistent with the numbers in Table 2.", -CO2 liquefaction,FOM,5.0,%/year,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,,2004.0 -CO2 liquefaction,carbondioxide-input,1.0,t_CO2/t_CO2,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,"Assuming a pure, humid, low-pressure input stream. Neglecting possible gross-effects of CO2 which might be cycled for the cooling process.", -CO2 liquefaction,electricity-input,0.123,MWh_el/t_CO2,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,, -CO2 liquefaction,heat-input,0.0067,MWh_th/t_CO2,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,For drying purposes., -CO2 liquefaction,investment,16.7226,EUR/t_CO2/h,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,"Plant capacity of 20 kt CO2 / d and an uptime of 85%. For a high purity, humid, low pressure input stream, includes drying and compression necessary for liquefaction.",2004.0 -CO2 liquefaction,lifetime,25.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on CH4 liquefaction.",,2004.0 -CO2 pipeline,FOM,0.9,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",,2015.0 -CO2 pipeline,investment,2116.4433,EUR/(tCO2/h)/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",Assuming the 120-500 t CO2/h range that is based on cost of a 12 inch onshore pipeline.,2015.0 -CO2 pipeline,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",,2015.0 -CO2 storage tank,FOM,1.0,%/year,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, pg. 2746 .","Assuming a 3000m^3 pressurised steel cylinder tanks and a CO2 density of 1100 kg/m^3 (close to triple point at -56.6°C and 5.2 bar with max density of 1200kg/m^3 ). Lauri et al. report costs 3x higher per m^3 for steel tanks, which are consistent with other sources. The numbers reported are in rather difficult to pinpoint as systems can greatly vary.",2013.0 -CO2 storage tank,investment,2584.3462,EUR/t_CO2,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, Table 3.","Assuming a 3000m^3 pressurised steel cylinder tanks and a CO2 density of 1100 kg/m^3 (close to triple point at -56.6°C and 5.2 bar with max density of 1200kg/m^3 ). Lauri et al. report costs 3x higher per m^3 for steel tanks, which are consistent with other sources. The numbers reported are in rather difficult to pinpoint as systems can greatly vary.",2013.0 -CO2 storage tank,lifetime,25.0,years,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, pg. 2746 .","Assuming a 3000m^3 pressurised steel cylinder tanks and a CO2 density of 1100 kg/m^3 (close to triple point at -56.6°C and 5.2 bar with max density of 1200kg/m^3 ). Lauri et al. report costs 3x higher per m^3 for steel tanks, which are consistent with other sources. The numbers reported are in rather difficult to pinpoint as systems can greatly vary.",2013.0 -CO2 submarine pipeline,FOM,0.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",,2015.0 -CO2 submarine pipeline,investment,4232.8865,EUR/(tCO2/h)/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",Assuming the 120-500 t CO2/h range that is based on cost of a 12 inch offshore pipeline.,2015.0 -Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,FOM,1.6,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,investment,448894.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,FOM,2.2,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,investment,1788360.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,FOM,2.2,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,investment,1787894.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,FOM,1.8,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,investment,1005.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,FOM,0.9265,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.64 (p.86) Figure 4.14","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,efficiency,0.7211,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.52^0.5']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,investment,946180.9426,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Turbine Compressor BOP EPC Management']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-store,FOM,0.43,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB 4.5.2.1 Fixed O&M p.62 (p.84)","{'carrier': ['pair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-store,investment,5448.7894,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.64 (p.86)","{'carrier': ['pair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Cavern Storage']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['pair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,investment,144192.2682,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,efficiency,0.4343,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,investment,576769.073,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Concrete-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['concrete'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Concrete-store,investment,24044.2324,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['concrete'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -Concrete-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['concrete'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -"Container feeder, ammonia",efficiency,0.7754,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container feeder, ammonia",investment,34966212.0251,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container feeder, ammonia",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container feeder, diesel",efficiency,0.7718,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, diesel",2023.0 -"Container feeder, diesel",investment,34966212.0251,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, diesel",2023.0 -"Container feeder, diesel",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, diesel",2023.0 -"Container feeder, methanol",efficiency,0.7711,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, methanol",2023.0 -"Container feeder, methanol",investment,34966212.0251,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, methanol",2023.0 -"Container feeder, methanol",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, methanol",2023.0 -"Container, ammonia",efficiency,1.7094,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container, ammonia",investment,119652947.2851,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container, ammonia",lifetime,32.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container, diesel",efficiency,1.6399,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, diesel",2023.0 -"Container, diesel",investment,119652947.2851,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, diesel",2023.0 -"Container, diesel",lifetime,33.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, diesel",2023.0 -"Container, methanol",efficiency,1.7001,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, methanol",2023.0 -"Container, methanol",investment,119652947.2851,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, methanol",2023.0 -"Container, methanol",lifetime,33.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, methanol",2023.0 -Diesel Bus city,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,Motor size,250.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,efficiency,1.4937,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,investment,150756.2732,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,Motor size,350.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,efficiency,1.6249,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,investment,231296.0768,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,FOM,0.0005,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,Motor size,380.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,efficiency,2.8697,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,investment,142012.114,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,lifetime,10.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,Motor size,311.0345,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,efficiency,1.671,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,investment,155444.0931,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,Motor size,382.3529,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,efficiency,2.7665,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,investment,177515.1425,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,Motor size,435.1724,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,VOM,0.0979,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,efficiency,1.2722,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,investment,223691.9883,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Coach,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,Motor size,435.1724,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,efficiency,1.2451,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,investment,356840.1722,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,Motor size,578.4483,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,efficiency,2.2051,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,investment,139809.9795,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,lifetime,10.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,Motor size,432.7586,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,efficiency,1.4456,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,investment,193179.1609,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,Motor size,432.7586,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,efficiency,2.4422,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,investment,215250.2103,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FT fuel transport ship,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -FT fuel transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_FTfuel,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -FT fuel transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -FT fuel transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.1.",,2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,VOM,1.9141,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",102 Hydrogen to Jet: Variable O&M,2020.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -Fischer-Tropsch,carbondioxide-input,0.2885,t_CO2/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","Input per 1t FT liquid fuels output, carbon efficiency increases with years (4.3, 3.9, 3.6, 3.3 t_CO2/t_FT from 2020-2050 with LHV 11.95 MWh_th/t_FT).", -Fischer-Tropsch,efficiency,0.799,per unit,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.2.",,2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,electricity-input,0.007,MWh_el/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","0.005 MWh_el input per FT output, output increasing from 2020 to 2050 (0.65, 0.7, 0.73, 0.75 MWh liquid FT output).", -Fischer-Tropsch,hydrogen-input,1.345,MWh_H2/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","0.995 MWh_H2 per output, output increasing from 2020 to 2050 (0.65, 0.7, 0.73, 0.75 MWh liquid FT output).", -Fischer-Tropsch,investment,565735.7731,EUR/MW_FT,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 8: “Reference scenario”.","Well developed technology, no significant learning expected.",2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (04/2022), Data sheet “Methanol to Power”.",,2017.0 -Gasnetz,FOM,2.5,%,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz,2020.0 -Gasnetz,investment,28.0,EUR/kWGas,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz,2020.0 -Gasnetz,lifetime,30.0,years,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz,2020.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),FOM,6.25,%/year,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , figure 7 and pg. 12 .",Assuming ca. 10 EUR/m^3/a (center value between stand alone and addon facility).,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),investment,137.8999,EUR/m^3,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 8F .",Assumed 20% lower than for product storage. Crude or middle distillate tanks are usually larger compared to product storage due to lower requirements on safety and different construction method. Reference size used here: 80 000 – 120 000 m^3 .,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),lifetime,30.0,years,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 11.",,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),FOM,6.25,%/year,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , figure 7 and pg. 12 .",Assuming ca. 10 EUR/m^3/a (center value between stand alone and addon facility).,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),investment,172.3748,EUR/m^3,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 8F .",Assumed at the higher end for addon facilities/mid-range for stand-alone facilities. Product storage usually smaller due to higher requirements on safety and different construction method. Reference size used here: 40 000 - 60 000 m^3 .,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),lifetime,30.0,years,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 11.",,2012.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.76 (p.98) Sentence 1 in 4.7.2 Operating Costs","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['1.5 percent of capital cost']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,efficiency,0.9274,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.36","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.86^0.5']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,investment,415570.5177,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 0% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,lifetime,41.7,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.36","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-store,investment,157381.7274,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 15% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['gravity'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Gravitational Capital (SB+BOS)']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-store,lifetime,41.7,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.36","{'carrier': ['gravity'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.76 (p.98) Sentence 1 in 4.7.2 Operating Costs","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['1.5 percent of capital cost']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,efficiency,0.9014,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level ((0.785+0.84)/2)^0.5']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,investment,365630.713,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 0% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-store,investment,121755.0274,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 15% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['gravitywa'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Gravitational Capital (SB+BOS)']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['gravitywa'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.76 (p.98) Sentence 1 in 4.7.2 Operating Costs","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['1.5 percent of capital cost']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,efficiency,0.9014,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level ((0.785+0.84)/2)^0.5']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,investment,905158.9602,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 0% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-store,investment,95982.5211,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 15% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['gravitywu'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Gravitational Capital (SB+BOS)']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['gravitywu'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -H2 (g) fill compressor station,FOM,1.7,%/year,"Guidehouse 2020: European Hydrogen Backbone report, https://guidehouse.com/-/media/www/site/downloads/energy/2020/gh_european-hydrogen-backbone_report.pdf (table 3, table 5)","Pessimistic (highest) value chosen for 48'' pipeline w/ 13GW_H2 LHV @ 100bar pressure. Currency year: Not clearly specified, assuming year of publication. Forecast year: Not clearly specified, guessing based on text remarks.",2020.0 -H2 (g) fill compressor station,investment,4738.7164,EUR/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), pg. 164, Figure 14 (Fill compressor).","Assumption for staging 35→140bar, 6000 MW_HHV single line pipeline. Considering HHV/LHV ration for H2.",2015.0 -H2 (g) fill compressor station,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), pg. 168, Figure 24 (Fill compressor).",,2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,FOM,1.9167,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, > 6000 MW_HHV single line pipeline, incl. booster station investments. Considering LHV by scaling with LHV/HHV=0.8462623413.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,electricity-input,0.0175,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,investment,303.6845,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 4.4 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, > 6000 MW_HHV single line pipeline, incl. booster station investments. Considering LHV by scaling with LHV/HHV=0.8462623413.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,FOM,1.9167,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.",Same as for new H2 (g) pipeline.,2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,electricity-input,0.0175,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,investment,129.4682,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line repurposed pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 0.8 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.",Same as for new H2 (g) pipeline.,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,FOM,3.0,%/year,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,electricity-input,0.0175,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,investment,456.1165,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line offshore pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 7.48 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,lifetime,30.0,years,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,FOM,3.0,%/year,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,electricity-input,0.0175,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,investment,160.1562,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line repurposed offshore pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 1.5 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,lifetime,30.0,years,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (l) storage tank,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.",Assuming currency year and technology year here (25 EUR/kg).,2015.0 -H2 (l) storage tank,investment,793.7456,EUR/MWh_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.","Assuming currency year and technology year here (25 EUR/kg). Future target cost. Today’s cost potentially higher according to d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material pg. 16.",2015.0 -H2 (l) storage tank,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.",Assuming currency year and technology year here (25 EUR/kg).,2015.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,capacity,11000.0,t_H2,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,investment,393737000.0,EUR,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,lifetime,20.0,years,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 evaporation,FOM,2.5,%/year,"DNV GL (2020): Study on the Import of Liquid Renewable Energy: Technology Cost Assessment, https://www.gie.eu/wp-content/uploads/filr/2598/DNV-GL_Study-GLE-Technologies-and-costs-analysis-on-imports-of-liquid-renewable-energy.pdf .",,2020.0 -H2 evaporation,investment,80.0948,EUR/kW_H2,"IRENA (2022): Global Hydrogen Trade to Meet the 1.5° Climate Goal: Technology Review of Hydrogen Carriers, https://www.irena.org/publications/2022/Apr/Global-hydrogen-trade-Part-II , pg. 62f.","Pessimistic assumption for large scale facility / near-term estimate for medium sized facility, in between low / mid estimate with e.g. DNV numbers (Fig. 3.15).; and Optimistic assumption for large scale facility 2500 t/d, cf Fig. 3.15 .",2022.0 -H2 evaporation,lifetime,20.0,years,Guesstimate.,Based on lifetime of liquefaction plant.,2015.0 -H2 liquefaction,FOM,2.5,%/year,"DNV GL (2020): Study on the Import of Liquid Renewable Energy: Technology Cost Assessment, https://www.gie.eu/wp-content/uploads/filr/2598/DNV-GL_Study-GLE-Technologies-and-costs-analysis-on-imports-of-liquid-renewable-energy.pdf .",,2020.0 -H2 liquefaction,electricity-input,0.203,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"Heuser et al. (2019): Techno-economic analysis of a potential energy trading link between Patagonia and Japan based on CO2 free hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.12.156), table 1.","6.78 kWh/kg_H2, considering H2 with LHV of 33.3333 MWh/t", -H2 liquefaction,hydrogen-input,1.017,MWh_H2/MWh_H2,"Heuser et al. (2019): Techno-economic analysis of a potential energy trading link between Patagonia and Japan based on CO2 free hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.12.156), table 1.",corresponding to 1.65% losses during liquefaction, -H2 liquefaction,investment,622.9598,EUR/kW_H2,"IRENA (2022): Global Hydrogen Trade to Meet the 1.5° Climate Goal: Technology Review of Hydrogen Carriers, https://www.irena.org/publications/2022/Apr/Global-hydrogen-trade-Part-II , pg. 62f.","Assumption for a 200t/d facility (Pessimistic long-term or optimistic short-term value).; and Assumption for a large >300t/d, e.g. 2500 t/d facility (Optimistic long-term value without change in base technology mentioned in report).",2022.0 -H2 liquefaction,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2022.0 -H2 pipeline,FOM,3.0,%/year,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -H2 pipeline,investment,282.5452,EUR/MW/km,Welder et al https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.05.059, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -H2 pipeline,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,FOM,5.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,VOM,0.5118,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,electricity-input,0.097,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification,investment,1467.9399,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification,wood-input,1.804,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification CC,FOM,5.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification CC,VOM,0.5232,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification CC,electricity-input,0.143,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification CC,investment,1489.0957,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification CC,wood-input,1.804,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification,FOM,6.3,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification,VOM,0.5061,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification,coal-input,1.62,MWh_coal/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification,electricity-input,0.02,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification,investment,399.1168,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification CC,FOM,6.54,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification CC,VOM,0.1479,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification CC,coal-input,1.62,MWh_coal/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification CC,electricity-input,0.023,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification CC,investment,413.4481,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,FOM,5.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,VOM,0.1592,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,electricity-input,0.063,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,investment,491.1331,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,lifetime,25.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,oil-input,1.3,MWh_oil/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,FOM,4.9,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,VOM,0.2047,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,electricity-input,0.02,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,gas-input,1.25,MWh_NG/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,investment,180.0518,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,FOM,6.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,VOM,0.0796,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,electricity-input,0.039,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,gas-input,1.4,MWh_NG/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,investment,217.5863,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,FOM,4.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,VOM,0.7393,EUR/MWh,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,electricity-input,0.044,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,investment,590.6564,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,wood-input,1.36,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -HVAC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVAC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVAC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,investment,165803.0398,EUR/MW,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC submarine,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0 -HVDC submarine,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1,2017.0 -HVDC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0 -HVDC underground,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 -HVDC underground,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1 (same as for HVDC submarine),2017.0 -HVDC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 -Haber-Bosch,FOM,3.1426,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,VOM,0.0413,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Variable O&M,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,electricity-input,0.2473,MWh_el/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), table 11.",Assume 5 GJ/t_NH3 for compressors and NH3 LHV = 5.16666 MWh/t_NH3., -Haber-Bosch,hydrogen-input,1.1484,MWh_H2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.","178 kg_H2 per t_NH3, LHV for both assumed.", -Haber-Bosch,investment,1188.3846,EUR/kW_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,nitrogen-input,0.1597,t_N2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.",".33 MWh electricity are required for ASU per t_NH3, considering 0.4 MWh are required per t_N2 and LHV of NH3 of 5.1666 Mwh.", -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,investment,144192.2682,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,efficiency,0.4444,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,investment,576769.073,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['salthight'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-store,investment,94107.5489,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['salthight'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['salthight'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),FOM,1.2,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),efficiency,0.48,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),investment,28160.0,EUR/PKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),FOM,12.4,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),efficiency,0.56,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),investment,122939.0,EUR/LKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,FOM,0.6345,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,efficiency,0.6963,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133) include inverter 0.98 & transformer efficiency 0.98 ","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Electrolyzer']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,investment,347170.8209,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.113 (p.135)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Electrolyzer']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,lifetime,30.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,FOM,0.5812,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,efficiency,0.4869,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133) include inverter 0.98 & transformer efficiency 0.98 ","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Fuel Cell']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,investment,379007.4464,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.113 (p.135)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Fuel Cell']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,lifetime,30.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-store,FOM,0.43,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB =(C38+C39)*0.43/4","{'carrier': ['h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-store,investment,4779.9527,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.113 (p.135)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Cavern Storage']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-store,lifetime,30.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LNG storage tank,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank with comparable requirements.",Currency year and technology year assumed based on publication date.,2019.0 -LNG storage tank,investment,666.634,EUR/m^3,"Hurskainen 2019, https://cris.vtt.fi/en/publications/liquid-organic-hydrogen-carriers-lohc-concept-evaluation-and-tech pg. 46 (59).",Currency year and technology year assumed based on publication date.,2019.0 -LNG storage tank,lifetime,20.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank with comparable requirements.",Currency year and technology year assumed based on publication date.,2019.0 -LOHC chemical,investment,2500.0,EUR/t,"Runge et al 2020, pg.7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC chemical,lifetime,20.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, pg.7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation,investment,53681.4988,EUR/MW_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",per MW H2 (LHV). For a large plant of 1000 MW capacity. Calculated based on base CAPEX of 30 MEUR for 300 t/day capacity and a scale factor of 0.6.,2015.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),FOM,3.0,%/year,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),investment,839000.0,EUR/MW_H2,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",MW of H2 LHV. For a small plant of 0.9 MW capacity.,2020.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),lifetime,20.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,electricity-input,0.004,MWh_el/t_HLOHC,Niermann et al. (2019): (https://doi.org/10.1039/C8EE02700E). 6A .,"Flow in figures shows 0.2 MW for 114 MW_HHV = 96.4326 MW_LHV = 2.89298 t hydrogen. At 5.6 wt-% effective H2 storage for loaded LOHC (H18-DBT, HLOHC), corresponds to 51.6604 t loaded LOHC .", -LOHC hydrogenation,hydrogen-input,1.867,MWh_H2/t_HLOHC,"Runge et al 2020, pg. 7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",Considering 5.6 wt-% H2 in loaded LOHC (HLOHC) and LHV of H2., -LOHC hydrogenation,investment,54243.958,EUR/MW_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",per MW H2 (LHV). For a large plant of 2000 MW capacity. Calculated based on base CAPEX of 40 MEUR for 300 t/day capacity and a scale factor of 0.6.,2015.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,lohc-input,0.944,t_LOHC/t_HLOHC,"Runge et al 2020, pg. 7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514","Loaded LOHC (H18-DBT, HLOHC) has loaded only 5.6%-wt H2 as rate of discharge is kept at ca. 90%.", -LOHC loaded DBT storage,FOM,6.25,%/year,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -LOHC loaded DBT storage,investment,151.5383,EUR/t,"Density via Wissenschaftliche Dienste des Deutschen Bundestages 2020, https://www.bundestag.de/resource/blob/816048/454e182d5956d45a664da9eb85486f76/WD-8-058-20-pdf-data.pdf , pg. 11.","Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared. Density of loaded LOHC H18-DBT is 0.91 t/m^3.",2012.0 -LOHC loaded DBT storage,lifetime,30.0,years,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -LOHC transport ship,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_LOHC,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC unloaded DBT storage,FOM,6.25,%/year,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -LOHC unloaded DBT storage,investment,134.2745,EUR/t,"Density via Wissenschaftliche Dienste des Deutschen Bundestages 2020, https://www.bundestag.de/resource/blob/816048/454e182d5956d45a664da9eb85486f76/WD-8-058-20-pdf-data.pdf , pg. 11.","Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared. Density of loaded LOHC H18-DBT is 0.91 t/m^3, density of unloaded LOHC H0-DBT is 1.04 t/m^3 but unloading is only to 90% (depth-of-discharge), assume density via linearisation of 1.027 t/m^3.",2012.0 -LOHC unloaded DBT storage,lifetime,30.0,years,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,FOM,2.4427,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,efficiency,0.8832,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.78^0.5']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,investment,128853.6139,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-store,FOM,0.2542,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['lead'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-store,investment,320631.3818,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['lead'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-store,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['lead'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),FOM,1.6,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),efficiency,0.215,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),investment,26610.0,EUR/PKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),FOM,15.8,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),efficiency,0.373,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),investment,113629.0,EUR/LKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,FOM,0.366,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,investment,475721.2289,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Figure 9 of reference roughly 80% of capital cost are power related 47%/80% of costs are required for liquefaction (charging)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,FOM,0.5212,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,efficiency,0.55,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE 0.545 assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,investment,334017.033,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, NULL","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-store,FOM,0.3208,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['lair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-store,investment,159004.771,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['lair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Liquid Air SB and BOS']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['lair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,FOM,2.1198,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,efficiency,0.9193,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.8452^0.5']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,investment,81553.4846,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,lifetime,16.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-store,FOM,0.0447,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['lfp'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-store,investment,236482.8109,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['lfp'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-store,lifetime,16.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['lfp'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,FOM,2.1198,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,efficiency,0.9193,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.8452^0.5']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,investment,81553.4846,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,lifetime,13.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-store,FOM,0.038,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['nmc'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-store,investment,269576.8493,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['nmc'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-store,lifetime,13.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['nmc'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,investment,144192.2682,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,efficiency,0.5394,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,investment,576769.073,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-store,investment,58041.2003,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_MeOH,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",,2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,investment,18016.8665,EUR/MW_H2,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.","For high temperature steam reforming plant with a capacity of 200 MW_H2 output (6t/h). Reference plant of 1 MW (30kg_H2/h) costs 150kEUR, scale factor of 0.6 assumed.",2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",,2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,methanol-input,1.201,MWh_MeOH/MWh_H2,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",Assuming per 1 t_H2 (with LHV 33.3333 MWh/t): 4.5 MWh_th and 3.2 MWh_el are required. We assume electricity can be substituted / provided with 1:1 as heat energy., -NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank.",,2010.0 -NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,investment,166.8201,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Calculated based on Morgan E. 2013: doi:10.7275/11KT-3F59 , Fig. 55, Fig 58.","Based on estimated for a double-wall liquid ammonia tank (~ambient pressure, -33°C), inner tank from stainless steel, outer tank from concrete including installations for liquefaction/condensation, boil-off gas recovery and safety installations; the necessary installations make only a small fraction of the total cost. The total cost are driven by material and working time on the tanks. -While the costs do not scale strictly linearly, we here assume they do (good approximation c.f. ref. Fig 55.) and take the costs for a 9 kt NH3 (l) tank = 8 M$2010, which is smaller 4-5x smaller than the largest deployed tanks today. -We assume an exchange rate of 1.17$ to 1 €. -The investment value is given per MWh NH3 store capacity, using the LHV of NH3 of 5.18 MWh/t.",2010.0 -NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,lifetime,20.0,years,"Morgan E. 2013: doi:10.7275/11KT-3F59 , pg. 290",,2010.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B",,2019.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,capacity,53000.0,t_NH3,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B",,2019.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,investment,81164200.0,EUR,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B",,2019.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,lifetime,20.0,years,"Guess estimated based on H2 (l) tanker, but more mature technology",,2019.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,FOM,2.1198,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['((0.75-0.87)/2)^0.5 mean value of range efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,investment,81553.4846,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) same as Li-LFP","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-store,FOM,0.2262,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-store,investment,267837.874,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-store,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -OCGT,FOM,1.4431,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -OCGT,VOM,5.2029,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Variable O&M,2015.0 -OCGT,efficiency,0.425,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","52 OCGT - Natural gas: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -OCGT,investment,552.2012,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 -OCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -PEM electrolyzer small size,FOM,3.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW,2010.0 -PEM electrolyzer small size,electricity-input,1.27,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW, -PEM electrolyzer small size,investment,1080.5384,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW,2010.0 -PEM electrolyzer small size,lifetime,8.5,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`","Likely stack lifetime, rather than electrolyzer system lifetime", -PHS,FOM,1.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -PHS,efficiency,0.75,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -PHS,investment,2274.8177,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 -PHS,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,FOM,0.366,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Charger']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,investment,761782.6727,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Figure 9 of reference roughly 80% of capital cost are power related 47%/80% of costs are required for liquefaction (charging)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,lifetime,33.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,FOM,0.5212,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,efficiency,0.63,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE 0.62 assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,investment,534868.6851,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, NULL","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,lifetime,33.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-store,FOM,0.1528,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.103 (p.125)","{'carrier': ['phes'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-store,investment,11546.7963,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.92 (p.114)","{'carrier': ['phes'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Molten Salt based SB and BOS']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-store,lifetime,33.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['phes'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,FOM,0.9951,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, Figure 4.16","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,efficiency,0.8944,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.8^0.5']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,investment,1397128.4612,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Powerhouse Construction & Infrastructure']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-store,FOM,0.43,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['phs'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-store,investment,57074.0625,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['phs'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Reservoir Construction & Infrastructure']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['phs'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -SMR,FOM,5.0,%/year,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR,efficiency,0.76,per unit (in LHV),"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SMR,investment,522201.0492,EUR/MW_CH4,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR,lifetime,30.0,years,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SMR CC,FOM,5.0,%/year,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR CC,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",wide range: capture rates between 54%-90%, -SMR CC,efficiency,0.69,per unit (in LHV),"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SMR CC,investment,605753.2171,EUR/MW_CH4,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR CC,lifetime,30.0,years,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SOEC,FOM,4.0,%/year,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,US-based assumptions for a Conservative cost scenario,2022.0 -SOEC,electricity-input,1.13,MWh_el/MWh_H2,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,, -SOEC,investment,2082.0207,USD/kW,"ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions, https://theicct.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/fuels-eu-cost-renew-H-produced-onsite-H-refueling-stations-europe-feb22.pdf adjusted according to DOE observations https://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/docs/hydrogenprogramlibraries/pdfs/24005-clean-hydrogen-production-cost-pem-electrolyzer.pdf?sfvrsn=8cb10889_1#:~:text=This%20Record%20shows%20that%20the,factors%20of%2050%2D75%25",US-based assumptions for a Conservative cost scenario,2022.0 -SOEC,lifetime,30.0,years,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,, -Sand-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Sand-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Sand-charger,investment,144192.2682,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Sand-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,efficiency,0.53,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,investment,576769.073,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Sand-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['sand'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Sand-store,investment,6700.8517,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.100 (p.122)","{'carrier': ['sand'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -Sand-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['sand'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Steam methane reforming,FOM,3.0,%/year,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW).,2015.0 -Steam methane reforming,investment,497454.611,EUR/MW_H2,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW). Currency conversion 1.17 USD = 1 EUR.,2015.0 -Steam methane reforming,lifetime,30.0,years,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW).,2015.0 -Steam methane reforming,methane-input,1.483,MWh_CH4/MWh_H2,"Keipi et al (2018): Economic analysis of hydrogen production by methane thermal decomposition (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2017.12.063), table 2.","Large scale SMR plant producing 2.5 kg/s H2 output (assuming 33.3333 MWh/t H2 LHV), with 6.9 kg/s CH4 input (feedstock) and 2 kg/s CH4 input (energy). Neglecting water consumption.", -"Tank&bulk, diesel",efficiency,0.462,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, diesel",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, diesel",investment,35129312.4041,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, diesel",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, diesel",lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, diesel",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, methanol",efficiency,0.4695,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, methanol",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, methanol",investment,35129312.4041,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, methanol",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, methanol",lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, methanol",2023.0 -"Tankbulk, ammonia",efficiency,0.471,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tankbulk, ammonia",2023.0 -"Tankbulk, ammonia",investment,35129312.4041,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tankbulk, ammonia",2023.0 -"Tankbulk, ammonia",lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tankbulk, ammonia",2023.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,FOM,2.4395,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,efficiency,0.8062,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.65^0.5']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,investment,129023.0526,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-store,FOM,0.2345,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['vanadium'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-store,investment,258072.8586,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['vanadium'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-store,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['vanadium'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,FOM,2.4395,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,efficiency,0.7937,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.25 ","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['(0.63)^0.5 efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,investment,129023.0526,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,lifetime,25.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-store,FOM,0.1654,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-store,investment,174388.0144,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.48 (p.70) text below Table 4.12","{'carrier': ['znair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-store,lifetime,25.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['znair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,FOM,2.1198,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,efficiency,0.8307,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.25 ","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['(0.69)^0.5 efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,investment,81553.4846,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,lifetime,10.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.27","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-store,FOM,0.2576,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znbrflow'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-store,investment,412306.5947,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['znbrflow'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-store,lifetime,10.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.27","{'carrier': ['znbrflow'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,FOM,2.4395,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,efficiency,0.8888,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.25","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': [' (0.79)^0.5 efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,investment,129023.0526,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,FOM,0.2244,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,investment,239220.5823,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -air separation unit,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -air separation unit,electricity-input,0.25,MWh_el/t_N2,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), p.288.","For consistency reasons use value from Danish Energy Agency. DEA also reports range of values (0.2-0.4 MWh/t_N2) on pg. 288. Other efficienices reported are even higher, e.g. 0.11 Mwh/t_N2 from Morgan (2013): Techno-Economic Feasibility Study of Ammonia Plants Powered by Offshore Wind .", -air separation unit,investment,167232.04,EUR/t_N2/h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 -air separation unit,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -allam,VOM,2.0,EUR/MWh,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -allam,efficiency,0.6,p.u.,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -allam,investment,1500.0,EUR/kW,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -allam,lifetime,30.0,years,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,FOM,5.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.99,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",CO2 volume captured / (Stream flowrate * Max. capacity utilization * CO2 in exhaust * 8760),2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.1,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,investment,929753.03,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 41 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 389000 t/year",2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -battery inverter,FOM,0.2132,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -battery inverter,efficiency,0.95,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2020.0 -battery inverter,investment,269.3947,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2020.0 -battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -battery storage,investment,197.0835,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2020.0 -battery storage,lifetime,15.8333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,FOM,100.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,VOM,480.1251,EUR/MWh_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-biochar,1.0,MWh_biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency biochar",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-heat,3.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency heat",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,investment,480125.1,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.144,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0 -biodiesel crops,fuel,134.6872,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIORPS1 (rape seed), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -bioethanol crops,CO2 intensity,0.1289,tCO2/MWh_th,,"CO2 released during fermentation of bioethanol crops, based on stochiometric composition: C6H12O6 -> 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2 , i.e. 1 kg ethanol → ~0.956 kg CO₂ (from fermentation) → 0.1289 tCO₂/MWh (with LHV = 26.7 MJ/kg).", -bioethanol crops,fuel,87.9862,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOCRP11 (Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -biogas,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 -biogas,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biogas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, -biogas,fuel,62.4351,EUR/MWhth,JRC and Zappa, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biogas,investment,812.527,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 -biogas,lifetime,24.1667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biogas CC,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas CC,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 -biogas CC,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biogas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, -biogas CC,investment,812.527,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 -biogas CC,lifetime,24.1667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biogas manure,fuel,19.9144,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOGAS1 (manure), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,FOM,65.8517,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,VOM,1.7404,EUR/MWh_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Variable O&M,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,investment,1490.0361,EUR/kW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Specific investment,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -biogas upgrading,FOM,17.0397,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Fixed O&M ",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,VOM,3.4224,EUR/MWh output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Variable O&M",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,investment,158.704,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: investment (upgrading, methane redution and grid injection)",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,lifetime,24.1667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biomass,FOM,4.5269,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,efficiency,0.468,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,fuel,7.4076,EUR/MWhth,IEA2011b, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,investment,2337.6116,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,lifetime,30.0,years,ECF2010 in DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass CHP,FOM,3.3722,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass CHP,VOM,2.6466,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -biomass CHP,c_b,0.5848,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -biomass CHP,efficiency,0.2749,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.5099,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass CHP,investment,4116.1612,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -biomass CHP,lifetime,20.8333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,capture_rate,0.975,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-electricity-input,0.0917,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-heat-output,0.1517,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,electricity-input,0.0258,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-input,0.7388,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-output,0.7388,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,investment,2883333.3333,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass EOP,FOM,3.3722,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass EOP,VOM,2.6466,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -biomass EOP,c_b,0.5848,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -biomass EOP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -biomass EOP,efficiency,0.2749,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass EOP,efficiency-heat,0.5099,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass EOP,investment,4116.1612,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -biomass EOP,lifetime,20.8333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass HOP,FOM,5.2078,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Fixed O&M, heat output",2015.0 -biomass HOP,VOM,3.7599,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Variable O&M heat output,2015.0 -biomass HOP,efficiency,0.9054,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass HOP,investment,1115.2349,EUR/kW_th - heat output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Nominal investment ,2015.0 -biomass HOP,lifetime,20.8333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -biomass boiler,FOM,5.5439,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass boiler,efficiency,0.8074,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -biomass boiler,investment,1002.2548,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Specific investment",2015.0 -biomass boiler,lifetime,15.8333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass boiler,pelletizing cost,9.0,EUR/MWh_pellets,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.109506,,2019.0 -biomass-to-methanol,C in fuel,0.8157,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,C stored,0.1843,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,CO2 stored,0.0676,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,FOM,49.3729,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,VOM,4.5911,EUR/MWh_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Variable O&M,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency,1.205,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Methanol Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-electricity,1.045,MWh_e/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Electricity Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-heat,1.0783,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: District heat Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,investment,1995.2987,EUR/kW_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Specific investment,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,FOM,14.18,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",123.67 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘BF-BOF’.,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,coal-input,1.43,MWh_coal/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15). ","Based on process ‘Avg BF-BOF` using 195 kg_PCI/t_HM (PCI = Pulverized Coal Injected; HM = Hot Metal) as substitute for coke, 24 MJ/kg as LHV for coal and 1 : 1.1 as HM-to-steel ratio.",2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15).",,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,investment,7637406.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",871.85 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘Avg BF-BOF’.,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15).",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,ore-input,1.539,t_ore/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",Based on process ‘Avg BF-BOF`,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,scrap-input,0.051,t_scrap/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",Based on process ‘Avg BF-BOF`,2020.0 -cement capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,capture_rate,0.975,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,compression-electricity-input,0.0917,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,compression-heat-output,0.1517,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,electricity-input,0.0217,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,heat-input,0.7388,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,heat-output,1.5667,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,investment,2500000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,FOM,7.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",CO2 volume captured / (Stream flowrate * Max. capacity utilization * CO2 in exhaust * 8760),2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,investment,2587727.173,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 247 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 842000 t/year",2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement dry clinker,FOM,4.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,VOM,5.2911,EUR/t_clinker,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,electricity-input,0.0694,MWh_el/t_clinker,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original values 0.25 PJ per Mt clinker,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,gas-input,0.0002,MWh_NG/t_clinker,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original values 0.0058 PJ per Mt clinker,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,heat-input,0.9444,MWh_th/t_CO2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original values 3.4 PJ per Mt clinker,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,investment,1158752.6816,EUR/t_clinker/h,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original value 125 EUR/t/year,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,lifetime,30.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement finishing,FOM,30.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement finishing,VOM,3.1747,EUR/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement finishing,clinker-input,0.656,t_cl/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND_Trans.xlsx`, Sheet `IND_Trans` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer),2015.0 -cement finishing,electricity-input,0.1736,MWh_el/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND_Trans.xlsx`, Sheet `IND_Trans` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer) with original value 0.6251 PJ per Mt cement.,2015.0 -cement finishing,investment,92700.2145,EUR/t_cement/h,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original value 10 EUR/t/year,2015.0 -cement finishing,lifetime,25.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer),2015.0 -cement finishing,slag-input,0.194,t_slag/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND_Trans.xlsx`, Sheet `IND_Trans` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer),2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.3339,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.3175,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.0167,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Total efficiency, net, name plate",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,investment,1426.2667,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,16.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central coal CHP,FOM,1.6316,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central coal CHP,VOM,2.9125,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central coal CHP,c_b,0.84,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -central coal CHP,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cv coefficient,2015.0 -central coal CHP,efficiency,0.5267,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","01 Coal CHP: Electricity efficiency, condensation mode, net",2015.0 -central coal CHP,investment,1908.2156,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central coal CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.4979,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.6526,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,efficiency,5.1,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,investment,956.4376,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,lifetime,16.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas CHP,FOM,2.2624,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP,VOM,5.1853,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP,c_b,1.16,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central gas CHP,c_v,0.17,per unit,DEA (loss of fuel for additional heat), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central gas CHP,efficiency,0.3833,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central gas CHP,investment,853.6321,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central gas CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,FOM,2.2624,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,VOM,5.1853,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,c_b,1.16,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,efficiency,0.3833,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,investment,853.6321,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas boiler,FOM,1.1031,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central gas boiler,VOM,2.1341,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central gas boiler,efficiency,0.955,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","44 Natural Gas DH Only: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central gas boiler,investment,231.0451,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central gas boiler,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,FOM,0.6025,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,VOM,4.8871,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,investment,3787.6547,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.3725,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,VOM,0.4378,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,1.7017,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,investment,804.9539,EUR/kW_th excluding drive energy,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,16.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,FOM,4.569,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,efficiency,0.4667,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,investment,1022.9476,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central resistive heater,FOM,0.6598,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central resistive heater,VOM,1.0406,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central resistive heater,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","41 Electric Boilers: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central resistive heater,investment,162.2606,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Nominal investment; 10/15 kV; >10 MW,2015.0 -central resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central solar thermal,FOM,1.4,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solar thermal,investment,148151.0278,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,FOM,2.7458,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,VOM,5.8042,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,c_b,0.4648,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency,0.2448,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.5376,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,investment,4444.9085,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,lifetime,20.8333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,FOM,2.7458,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,VOM,5.8042,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_b,0.4648,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency,0.2448,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.5376,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,investment,6441.924,EUR/kW_e,Combination of central solid biomass CHP CC and solid biomass boiler steam,,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,lifetime,20.8333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,FOM,2.7458,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,VOM,5.8042,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_b,0.4648,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency,0.2448,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency-heat,0.5376,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,investment,4444.9085,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,lifetime,20.8333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central water pit charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2020.0 -central water pit discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2020.0 -central water pit storage,Bottom storage temperature,35.0,⁰C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Typical bottom storage temperature,2020.0 -central water pit storage,FOM,0.2354,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -central water pit storage,Top storage temperature,90.0,⁰C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Typical max. storage temperature,2020.0 -central water pit storage,energy to power ratio,26.2136,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2020.0 -central water pit storage,investment,1.0622,EUR/kWh Capacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Specific investment,2020.0 -central water pit storage,lifetime,28.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -central water pit storage,standing losses,0.0094,%/hour,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Energy losses during storage,2020.0 -central water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2020.0 -central water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2020.0 -central water tank storage,FOM,1.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central water tank storage,energy to power ratio,59.5238,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2020.0 -central water tank storage,investment,7.3202,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Specific investment,2020.0 -central water tank storage,lifetime,31.6667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -central water tank storage,standing losses,0.0097,%/hour,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Energy losses during storage,2020.0 -central water tank storage,temperature difference,59.1667,"hot/cold, K","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Typical temperature difference,2020.0 -clean water tank storage,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0 -clean water tank storage,investment,69.1286,EUR/m^3-H2O,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0 -clean water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",, -coal,CO2 intensity,0.3361,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid-Emissionen des deutschen Strommix in den Jahren 1990 - 2018,, -coal,FOM,1.31,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100.",2023.0 -coal,VOM,3.2612,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3+5.5)USD/MWh_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR).",2023.0 -coal,efficiency,0.356,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. 1 / ((8.75+12) MMbtu/MWh_th /2 / (3.4095 MMbtu/MWh_th)), rounded up.",2023.0 -coal,fuel,9.5542,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on IEA 2011 data, 99 USD/t.",2010.0 -coal,investment,3827.1629,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Higher costs include coal plants with CCS, but since using here for calculating the average nevertheless. Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3200+6775) USD/kW_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR).",2023.0 -coal,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 -csp-tower,FOM,1.35,%/year,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power),Ratio between CAPEX and FOM from ATB database for “moderate” scenario.,2020.0 -csp-tower,investment,99.675,"EUR/kW_th,dp",ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include solar field and solar tower as well as EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant). Total costs (223,708,924 USD) are divided by active area (heliostat reflective area, 1,269,054 m2) and multiplied by design point DNI (0.95 kW/m2) to obtain EUR/kW_th. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR.",2020.0 -csp-tower,lifetime,30.0,years,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power),-,2020.0 -csp-tower TES,FOM,1.35,%/year,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -csp-tower TES,investment,13.355,EUR/kWh_th,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include the TES incl. EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant, 2.791 MW_th TES). Total costs (69390776.7 USD) are divided by TES size to obtain EUR/kW_th. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR.",2020.0 -csp-tower TES,lifetime,30.0,years,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -csp-tower power block,FOM,1.35,%/year,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -csp-tower power block,investment,698.27,EUR/kW_e,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include the power cycle incl. BOP and EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant). Total costs (135185685.5 USD) are divided by power block nameplate capacity size to obtain EUR/kW_e. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR.",2020.0 -csp-tower power block,lifetime,30.0,years,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -decentral CHP,FOM,3.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral CHP,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral CHP,investment,1481.5103,EUR/kWel,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,FOM,2.526,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.15,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.3 Air to water existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,864.0068,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,15.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,FOM,5.59,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,efficiency,0.9783,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","202 Natural gas boiler: Total efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,investment,132.2537,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,lifetime,15.8333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler connection,investment,96.9588,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Possible additional specific investment,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler connection,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,1.8453,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.6333,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.7 Ground source existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,1182.7183,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,15.8333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,FOM,2.0,%/year,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,investment,165.0975,EUR/kWth,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf) (+eigene Berechnung), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,FOM,2.0,%/year,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,investment,105.8222,EUR/kWhth,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,FOM,1.3,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,investment,285719.8393,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2020.0 -decentral water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,FOM,1.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,VOM,1.1435,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Variable O&M,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,energy to power ratio,0.4455,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,investment,180.9162,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Specific investment,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,lifetime,17.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,standing losses,1.1833,%/hour,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Energy losses during storage,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,temperature difference,55.0,"hot/cold, K","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Typical temperature difference,2020.0 -digestible biomass,fuel,17.0611,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOAGRW1, ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0 -digestible biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -digestible biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -digestible biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.39,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, -digestible biomass to hydrogen,investment,2913.0196,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -direct air capture,FOM,4.95,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,compression-electricity-input,0.15,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,compression-heat-output,0.2,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,electricity-input,0.4,MWh_el/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","0.4 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 0.182 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019). Should already include electricity for water scrubbing and compression (high quality CO2 output).",2020.0 -direct air capture,heat-input,1.6,MWh_th/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","Thermal energy demand. Provided via air-sourced heat pumps. 1.6 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 1.102 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019).",2020.0 -direct air capture,heat-output,1.0417,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,investment,7000000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct firing gas,FOM,1.0606,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas,VOM,0.2824,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing gas,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing gas,lifetime,10.8333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,FOM,1.0606,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,VOM,0.2824,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,lifetime,10.8333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,FOM,1.4318,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,VOM,0.3339,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,lifetime,10.8333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,FOM,1.4318,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,VOM,0.3339,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,lifetime,10.8333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Based on https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/capesize-freight-returns-below-operating-expense-levels-but-shipowners-reject-lay-ups/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","5000 USD/d OPEX, exchange rate: 1.15 USD = 1 EUR; absolute value calculate relative to investment cost.",2020.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,capacity,180000.0,t,-,"DWT; corresponds to size of Capesize bulk carriers which have previously docked at the habour in Hamburg, Germany. Short of 200 kt limit for VLBCs.",2020.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,investment,40000000.0,EUR,"Based on https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/dry-bulk-carriers-in-high-demand-as-rates-keep-rallying/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","See figure for ‘Dry Bulk Newbuild Prices’, Capesize at end of 2020. Exchange rate: 1.15 USD = 1 EUR.",2020.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,lifetime,25.0,years,"Based on https://mfame.guru/fall-life-expectancy-bulk-carriers/, accessed: 2022-12-03.",Expected lifetime.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,FOM,30.0,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","EAF has high OPEX of 62.99 EUR/year/t_steel, presumably because of electrode corrosion.",2020.0 -electric arc furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,electricity-input,0.6395,MWh_el/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘EAF’. ,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,hbi-input,1.0,t_hbi/t_steel,-,Assume HBI instead of scrap as input.Scrap would require higher input (in tonnes) as steel content is lower.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,investment,1839600.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",210 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘EAF’.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,FOM,30.0,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","EAF has high OPEX of 62.99 EUR/year/t_steel, presumably because of electrode corrosion.",2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,electricity-input,0.6395,MWh_el/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘EAF’. ,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,hbi-input,0.37,t_hbi/t_steel,"World Steel Association, Fact Sheet – Steel and raw materials: https://worldsteel.org/wp-content/uploads/Fact-sheet-raw-materials-2023-1.pdf, Accessed 2024-04-17.",Assume HBI instead of scrap as input.Scrap would require higher input (in tonnes) as steel content is lower.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,investment,1839600.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",210 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘EAF’.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,scrap-input,0.71,t_scrap/t_steel,"World Steel Association, Fact Sheet – Steel and raw materials: https://worldsteel.org/wp-content/uploads/Fact-sheet-raw-materials-2023-1.pdf, Accessed 2024-04-17.",,2020.0 -electric boiler steam,FOM,1.3186,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Fixed O&M,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,VOM,0.7997,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Variable O&M,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,efficiency,0.9817,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","310.1 Electric boiler steam : Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -electric boiler steam,investment,72.1683,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Nominal investment,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,lifetime,20.8333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Technical lifetime,2019.0 -electric steam cracker,FOM,3.0,%/year,Guesstimate,,2015.0 -electric steam cracker,VOM,190.4799,EUR/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",,2015.0 -electric steam cracker,carbondioxide-output,0.55,t_CO2/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), ",The report also references another source with 0.76 t_CO2/t_HVC, -electric steam cracker,electricity-input,2.7,MWh_el/t_HVC,"Lechtenböhmer et al. (2016): 10.1016/j.energy.2016.07.110, Section 4.3, page 6.",Assuming electrified processing., -electric steam cracker,investment,11124025.7434,EUR/(t_HVC/h),"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",Assuming CAPEX of 1200 €/t actually given in €/(t/a).,2015.0 -electric steam cracker,lifetime,30.0,years,Guesstimate,, -electric steam cracker,naphtha-input,14.8,MWh_naphtha/t_HVC,"Lechtenböhmer et al. (2016): 10.1016/j.energy.2016.07.110, Section 4.3, page 6.",, -electricity distribution grid,FOM,2.0,%/year,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity distribution grid,investment,529.1108,EUR/kW,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity distribution grid,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity grid connection,FOM,2.0,%/year,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity grid connection,investment,148.151,EUR/kW,DEA, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity grid connection,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electrobiofuels,C in fuel,0.9304,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,FOM,59.0947,%/year,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2015.0 -electrobiofuels,VOM,2.5477,EUR/MWh_th,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2017.0 -electrobiofuels,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -electrobiofuels,efficiency-biomass,1.3267,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,efficiency-hydrogen,1.2754,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,efficiency-tot,0.6503,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,investment,356768.6132,EUR/kW_th,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2017.0 -electrolysis,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 -electrolysis,efficiency,0.6926,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 -electrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.1376,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 -electrolysis,investment,1100.0,EUR/kW_e,private communications; IEA https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/9e0c82d4-06d2-496b-9542-f184ba803645/TheRoleofE-fuelsinDecarbonisingTransport.pdf,,2020.0 -electrolysis,lifetime,29.1667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -electrolysis small,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 -electrolysis small,efficiency,0.6926,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 -electrolysis small,efficiency-heat,0.1376,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 -electrolysis small,investment,629.1667,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Specific investment,2020.0 -electrolysis small,lifetime,29.1667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Technical lifetime of plant,2020.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,FOM,7.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.94,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.12,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,investment,928559.735,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 36 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 342000 t/year",2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol from starch crop,FOM,16.4,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original values FIXOM in MEUR/GW divided by INVCOST for the corresponding year",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,VOM,26.3497,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value 6.93 MEUR/PJ VAROM",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,efficiency,0.58,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production. Converted from 0.35 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,investment,603376.8073,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for USA and European production,2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,FOM,19.51,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original values FIXOM in MEUR/GW divided by INVCOST for the corresponding year",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,VOM,23.1751,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production, original value 6.09 MEUR/PJ VAROM",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,efficiency,0.45,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production. Converted from 0.292 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,investment,446537.78,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for Brazilian production,2015.0 -fuel cell,FOM,4.569,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -fuel cell,efficiency,0.4667,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -fuel cell,investment,1022.9476,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -fuelwood,fuel,12.5949,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOO (FuelwoodRW), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -gas,CO2 intensity,0.198,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 50 GJ/t CH4,, -gas,fuel,24.568,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -gas boiler steam,FOM,3.7258,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,VOM,1.0238,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.895,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -gas boiler steam,investment,47.2985,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -gas storage,FOM,0.5368,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",150 Underground Storage of Gas: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -gas storage,investment,0.2366,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",150 Underground Storage of Gas: Specific investment,2020.0 -gas storage,lifetime,100.0,years,TODO no source,"150 Underground Storage of Gas: estimation: most underground storage are already built, they do have a long lifetime",2020.0 -gas storage charger,investment,15.2479,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",,2020.0 -gas storage discharger,investment,5.0826,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",,2020.0 -geothermal,CO2 intensity,0.12,tCO2/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",Likely to be improved; Average of 85 percent of global egs power plant capacity; Result of fluid circulation through rock formations,2020.0 -geothermal,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",See Supplemental Material of source for details,2020.0 -geothermal,district heat surcharge,25.0,%,Frey et al. 2022: Techno-Economic Assessment of Geothermal Resources in the Variscan Basement of the Northern Upper Rhine Graben,"If capital cost of electric generation from EGS is 100%, district heating adds additional 25%. Costs incurred by piping.",2020.0 -geothermal,district heat-input,0.8,MWh_thdh/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, District Heat-output. This is an assessment of typical heat losses when heat is transmitted from the EGS plant to the DH network, This is a rough estimate, depends on local conditions",2020.0 -geothermal,lifetime,30.0,years,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",,2020.0 -helmeth,FOM,3.0,%/year,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -helmeth,efficiency,0.8,per unit,HELMETH press release, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -helmeth,investment,2116.4433,EUR/kW,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -helmeth,lifetime,25.0,years,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -home battery inverter,FOM,0.2132,%/year,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -home battery inverter,efficiency,0.95,per unit,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2020.0 -home battery inverter,investment,390.2769,EUR/kW,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2020.0 -home battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -home battery storage,investment,286.094,EUR/kWh,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2020.0 -home battery storage,lifetime,15.8333,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -hydro,FOM,1.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -hydro,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -hydro,investment,2274.8177,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 -hydro,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,FOM,11.3,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","55.28 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ OPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15).",,2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,electricity-input,1.03,MWh_el/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ reduced by electricity demand of process ‘EAF’.,2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,hydrogen-input,2.1,MWh_H2/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2022-12-05). ","63 kg H2/t steel for process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ according to documentation (raw input files for MPP model list 73 kg H2 / t steel, which seems to high and is probably incorrect).",2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,investment,4277858.0,EUR/t_HBI/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","488.34 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ CAPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,ore-input,1.59,t_ore/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03). ",Based on process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’.,2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,compression-electricity-input,0.05,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.",1.707 kWh/kg.,2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,investment,87.69,EUR/kW_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.","2923 EUR/kg_H2. For a 206 kg/h compressor. Base CAPEX 40 528 EUR/kW_el with scale factor 0.4603. kg_H2 converted to MWh using LHV. Pressure range: 30 bar in, 250 bar out.",2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,lifetime,15.0,years,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,investment,13.5,EUR/kWh_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.","450 EUR/kg_H2 converted with LHV to MWh. For a type 1 hydrogen storage tank (steel, 15-250 bar). Currency year assumed 2020 for initial publication of reference; observe note in SI.4.3 that no currency year is explicitly stated in the reference.",2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,lifetime,20.0,years,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,min_fill_level,6.0,%,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,FOM,1.2219,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,investment,41.3397,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Specific investment,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,lifetime,29.1667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,FOM,0.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,VOM,0.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Variable O&M,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,investment,1.4179,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Specific investment,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,lifetime,100.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,FOM,0.0871,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,VOM,3.1653,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Variable O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,efficiency,3.0333,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,investment,880.3597,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Nominal investment,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,lifetime,15.8333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,FOM,0.1045,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,VOM,3.1653,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Variable O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,efficiency,2.55,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,investment,733.6331,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,lifetime,15.8333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -iron ore DRI-ready,commodity,97.73,EUR/t,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://missionpossiblepartnership.org/action-sectors/steel/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","DRI ready assumes 65% iron content, requiring no additional benefication.",2020.0 -iron-air battery,FOM,1.1808,%/year,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery,investment,11.1494,EUR/kWh,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery,lifetime,17.5,years,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery charge,efficiency,0.74,per unit,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery discharge,efficiency,0.63,per unit,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -lignite,CO2 intensity,0.4069,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid-Emissionen des deutschen Strommix in den Jahren 1990 - 2018,, -lignite,FOM,1.31,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,VOM,3.2612,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3+5.5)USD/MWh_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR). Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,efficiency,0.33,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. 1 / ((8.75+12) MMbtu/MWh_th /2 / (3.4095 MMbtu/MWh_th)), rounded up. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,fuel,3.2985,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on IEA 2011 data, 10 USD/t.",2010.0 -lignite,investment,3827.1629,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Higher costs include coal plants with CCS, but since using here for calculating the average nevertheless. Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3200+6775) USD/kW_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR). Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf .",2023.0 -lignite,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -methanation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.2.3.1",,2017.0 -methanation,carbondioxide-input,0.198,t_CO2/MWh_CH4,"Götz et al. (2016): Renewable Power-to-Gas: A technological and economic review (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2015.07.066), Fig. 11 .",Additional H2 required for methanation process (2x H2 amount compared to stochiometric conversion)., -methanation,efficiency,0.8,per unit,Palzer and Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -methanation,hydrogen-input,1.282,MWh_H2/MWh_CH4,,Based on ideal conversion process of stochiometric composition (1 t CH4 contains 750 kg of carbon)., -methanation,investment,559.7588,EUR/kW_CH4,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 6: “Reference scenario”.",,2017.0 -methanation,lifetime,20.0,years,Guesstimate.,"Based on lifetime for methanolisation, Fischer-Tropsch plants.",2017.0 -methane storage tank incl. compressor,FOM,1.9,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor by DEA.",Based on assumptions for hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor (by DEA).,2014.0 -methane storage tank incl. compressor,investment,8961.5075,EUR/m^3,Storage costs per l: https://www.compositesworld.com/articles/pressure-vessels-for-alternative-fuels-2014-2023 (2021-02-10).,"Assume 5USD/l (= 4.23 EUR/l at 1.17 USD/EUR exchange rate) for type 1 pressure vessel for 200 bar storage and 100% surplus costs for including compressor costs with storage, based on similar assumptions by DEA for compressed hydrogen storage tanks.",2014.0 -methane storage tank incl. compressor,lifetime,30.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor by DEA.",Based on assumptions for hydrogen storage tank 1 including compressor (by DEA).,2014.0 -methanol,CO2 intensity,0.2482,tCO2/MWh_th,,, -methanol-to-kerosene,FOM,4.5,%/year,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",,2020.0 -methanol-to-kerosene,VOM,1.35,EUR/MWh_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",,2020.0 -methanol-to-kerosene,hydrogen-input,0.0279,MWh_H2/MWh_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 6.","Assuming LHV 11.94 kWh/kg for kerosene, 5.54 kWh/kg for methanol, 33.3 kWh/kg for hydrogen.", -methanol-to-kerosene,investment,217250.0,EUR/MW_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",,2020.0 -methanol-to-kerosene,lifetime,30.0,years,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",, -methanol-to-kerosene,methanol-input,1.0764,MWh_MeOH/MWh_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 6.","Assuming LHV 11.94 kWh/kg for kerosene, 5.54 kWh/kg for methanol, 33.3 kWh/kg for hydrogen.", -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,FOM,3.0,%/year,Guesstimate,same as steam cracker,2015.0 -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,VOM,31.7466,EUR/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35", ,2015.0 -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,carbondioxide-output,0.6107,t_CO2/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Sections 4.5 (for ethylene and propylene) and 4.6 (for BTX)","Weighted average: 0.4 t_MeOH/t_ethylene+propylene for 21.7 Mt of ethylene and 17 Mt of propylene, 1.13 t_CO2/t_BTX for 15.7 Mt of BTX. The report also references process emissions of 0.55 t_MeOH/t_ethylene+propylene elsewhere. ", -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,electricity-input,1.3889,MWh_el/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), page 69",5 GJ/t_HVC , -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,investment,2781006.4359,EUR/(t_HVC/h),"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",Assuming CAPEX of 1200 €/t actually given in €/(t/a).,2015.0 -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,lifetime,30.0,years,Guesstimate,same as steam cracker, -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,methanol-input,18.03,MWh_MeOH/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Sections 4.5 (for ethylene and propylene) and 4.6 (for BTX)","Weighted average: 2.83 t_MeOH/t_ethylene+propylene for 21.7 Mt of ethylene and 17 Mt of propylene, 4.2 t_MeOH/t_BTX for 15.7 Mt of BTX. Assuming 5.54 MWh_MeOH/t_MeOH. ", -methanolisation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.1.",,2017.0 -methanolisation,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -methanolisation,carbondioxide-input,0.248,t_CO2/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 66.",, -methanolisation,electricity-input,0.271,MWh_e/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 65.",, -methanolisation,heat-output,0.1,MWh_th/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 65.",steam generation of 2 GJ/t_MeOH, -methanolisation,hydrogen-input,1.138,MWh_H2/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 64.",189 kg_H2 per t_MeOH, -methanolisation,investment,565735.7731,EUR/MW_MeOH,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 8: “Reference scenario”.","Well developed technology, no significant learning expected.",2017.0 -methanolisation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (04/2022), Data sheet “Methanol to Power”.",,2017.0 -micro CHP,FOM,7.1642,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -micro CHP,efficiency,0.3168,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Electric efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -micro CHP,efficiency-heat,0.6073,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -micro CHP,investment,9756.2326,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 -micro CHP,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,FOM,11.3,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,gas-input,2.78,MWh_NG/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",Original value 10 GJ/t_DRI.,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,investment,4277858.0,EUR/t_HBI/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.","488.34 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ CAPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,ore-input,1.59,t_ore/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",, -nuclear,FOM,1.27,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (131.5+152.75)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) relative to investment costs.",2023.0 -nuclear,VOM,3.5464,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (4.25+5)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 -nuclear,efficiency,0.326,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on heat rate of 10.45 MMBtu/MWh_e and 3.4095 MMBtu/MWh_th, i.e. 1/(10.45/3.4095) = 0.3260.",2023.0 -nuclear,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -nuclear,investment,8594.1354,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (8475+13925)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 -nuclear,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 -offwind,FOM,3.1937,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Fixed O&M [EUR/MW_e/y, 2020]",2020.0 -offwind,VOM,0.0212,EUR/MWhel,RES costs made up to fix curtailment order, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind,investment,1552.5391,"EUR/kW_e, 2020","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Nominal investment [MEUR/MW_e, 2020] grid connection costs subtracted from investment costs",2020.0 -offwind,lifetime,25.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2841.3251,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,1420.1334,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-ac-station,investment,264.5554,EUR/kWel,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2116.4433,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,1058.2216,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017; average + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-station,investment,423.2887,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017; assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-float,FOM,1.305,%/year,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0 -offwind-float,investment,1770.0,EUR/kWel,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0 -offwind-float,lifetime,20.0,years,C. Maienza 2020 A life cycle cost model for floating offshore wind farms,,2020.0 -offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2118.5597,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf,,2014.0 -offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,1039.4778,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017, average + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 -offwind-float-station,investment,415.7911,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017, assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 -oil,CO2 intensity,0.2571,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 44 GJ/t diesel and -CH2- approximation of diesel,, -oil,FOM,1.9501,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -oil,VOM,8.554,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0 -oil,efficiency,0.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","50 Diesel engine farm: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -oil,fuel,52.9111,EUR/MWhth,IEA WEM2017 97USD/boe = http://www.iea.org/media/weowebsite/2017/WEM_Documentation_WEO2017.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -oil,investment,445.6877,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Specific investment,2015.0 -oil,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -onwind,FOM,1.1578,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -onwind,VOM,1.5503,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Variable O&M,2015.0 -onwind,investment,1249.687,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Nominal investment ,2015.0 -onwind,lifetime,25.3333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -organic rankine cycle,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551","Both for flash, binary and ORC plants. See Supplemental Material for details",2020.0 -organic rankine cycle,electricity-input,0.12,MWh_el/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, Electricity-output. This is a rough estimate, depends on input temperature, implies ~150 C.",2020.0 -organic rankine cycle,investment,1376.0,EUR/kW_el,Tartiere and Astolfi 2017: A world overview of the organic Rankine cycle market,"Low rollout complicates the estimation, compounded by a dependence both on plant size and temperature, converted from 1500 USD/kW using currency conversion 1.09 USD = 1 EUR.",2020.0 -organic rankine cycle,lifetime,30.0,years,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",,2020.0 -ror,FOM,2.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -ror,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -ror,investment,3412.2266,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 -ror,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -seawater RO desalination,electricity-input,0.003,MWHh_el/t_H2O,"Caldera et al. (2016): Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Fig. 4.",Desalination using SWRO. Assume medium salinity of 35 Practical Salinity Units (PSUs) = 35 kg/m^3., -seawater desalination,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2015.0 -seawater desalination,electricity-input,3.0348,kWh/m^3-H2O,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Fig. 4.",, -seawater desalination,investment,25039.1517,EUR/(m^3-H2O/h),"Caldera et al 2017: Learning Curve for Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination Plants: Capital Cost Trend of the Past, Present, and Future (https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR021402), Table 4.",,2015.0 -seawater desalination,lifetime,30.0,years,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",, -shipping fuel methanol,CO2 intensity,0.2482,tCO2/MWh_th,-,Based on stochiometric composition.,2020.0 -shipping fuel methanol,fuel,72.0,EUR/MWh_th,"Based on (source 1) Hampp et al (2022), https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.01092, and (source 2): https://www.methanol.org/methanol-price-supply-demand/; both accessed: 2022-12-03.",400 EUR/t assuming range roughly in the long-term range for green methanol (source 1) and late 2020+beyond values for grey methanol (source 2).,2020.0 -solar,FOM,1.6393,%/year,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop' and 50% 'solar-utility',2020.0 -solar,VOM,0.0106,EUR/MWhel,RES costs made up to fix curtailment order, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -solar,investment,600.5063,EUR/kW_e,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop' and 50% 'solar-utility',2020.0 -solar,lifetime,39.1667,years,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop' and 50% 'solar-utility',2020.0 -solar-rooftop,FOM,1.2581,%/year,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop,discount rate,0.04,per unit,standard for decentral, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -solar-rooftop,investment,773.7349,EUR/kW_e,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop,lifetime,39.1667,years,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,FOM,1.3672,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,investment,635.1025,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,lifetime,39.1667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,FOM,1.149,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,investment,912.3673,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,lifetime,39.1667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-utility,FOM,2.0205,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-utility,investment,427.2778,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-utility,lifetime,39.1667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,FOM,2.0454,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,investment,501.9505,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,lifetime,39.1667,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solid biomass,CO2 intensity,0.3667,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 18 GJ/t_DM LHV and 50% C-content for solid biomass,, -solid biomass,fuel,13.6489,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOOW1 (secondary forest residue wood chips), ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,FOM,6.1273,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,VOM,2.8564,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,investment,553.85,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,lifetime,20.8333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,FOM,6.1273,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,VOM,2.8564,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,investment,553.85,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,lifetime,20.8333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -solid biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -solid biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -solid biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.56,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, -solid biomass to hydrogen,investment,2913.0196,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,FOM,5.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",CO2 volume captured / (Stream flowrate * Max. capacity utilization * CO2 in exhaust * 8760),2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,investment,3561435.753,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 1342 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 3324000 t/year",2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -uranium,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -waste CHP,FOM,2.3147,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -waste CHP,VOM,33.1632,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -waste CHP,c_b,0.3289,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP,efficiency,0.1754,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7106,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP,investment,9265.4823,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -waste CHP,lifetime,20.8333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,FOM,2.3147,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,VOM,33.1632,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,c_b,0.3289,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,efficiency,0.1754,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.7106,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,investment,9265.4823,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,lifetime,20.8333,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -water tank charger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -water tank discharger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 diff --git a/ariadne-data/costs/pessimist/costs_2050.csv b/ariadne-data/costs/pessimist/costs_2050.csv deleted file mode 100644 index 57983053f..000000000 --- a/ariadne-data/costs/pessimist/costs_2050.csv +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1238 +0,0 @@ -technology,parameter,value,unit,source,further description,currency_year -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,FOM,2.8,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,VOM,0.2389,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,electricity-input,1.38,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,investment,429.0306,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer large size,lifetime,40.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,FOM,2.3,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,VOM,0.2389,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,electricity-input,1.416,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,investment,506.0332,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,FOM,2.3,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,VOM,0.1934,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,electricity-input,1.41,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW, -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,investment,582.922,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW,2010.0 -Alkaline electrolyzer small size,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW, -Ammonia cracker,FOM,4.3,%/year,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 7.","Estimated based on Labour cost rate, Maintenance cost rate, Insurance rate, Admin. cost rate and Chemical & other consumables cost rate.",2015.0 -Ammonia cracker,ammonia-input,1.46,MWh_NH3/MWh_H2,"ENGIE et al (2020): Ammonia to Green Hydrogen Feasibility Study (https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/880826/HS420_-_Ecuity_-_Ammonia_to_Green_Hydrogen.pdf), Fig. 10.",Assuming a integrated 200t/d cracking and purification facility. Electricity demand (316 MWh per 2186 MWh_LHV H2 output) is assumed to also be ammonia LHV input which seems a fair assumption as the facility has options for a higher degree of integration according to the report)., -Ammonia cracker,investment,558309.4975,EUR/MW_H2,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 6.",Calculated. For a small (200 t_NH3/d input) facility. Base cost for facility: 51 MEUR at capacity 20 000m^3_NH3/h = 339 t_NH3/d input. Cost scaling exponent 0.67. Ammonia density 0.7069 kg/m^3. Conversion efficiency of cracker: 0.685. Ammonia LHV: 5.167 MWh/t_NH3.; and Calculated. For a large (2500 t_NH3/d input) facility. Base cost for facility: 51 MEUR at capacity 20 000m^3_NH3/h = 339 t_NH3/d input. Cost scaling exponent 0.67. Ammonia density 0.7069 kg/m^3. Conversion efficiency of cracker: 0.685. Ammonia LHV: 5.167 MWh/t_NH3.,2015.0 -Ammonia cracker,lifetime,25.0,years,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 7.",,2015.0 -BEV Bus city,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,Motor size,450.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,efficiency,0.6107,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,investment,190570.463,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Bus city,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B1,2022.0 -BEV Coach,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,Motor size,600.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,efficiency,0.5852,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,investment,271110.2666,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Coach,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV B2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,Motor size,900.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,efficiency,1.0768,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,investment,151213.8954,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,lifetime,10.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L3,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,Motor size,500.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,efficiency,0.6872,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,investment,157519.8368,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Solo max 26 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L1,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,Motor size,1200.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,efficiency,1.2019,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,investment,167722.8037,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -BEV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",BEV L2,2022.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),FOM,0.9,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),efficiency,0.68,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),investment,23561.0,EUR/PKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (passenger cars),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (passenger cars),2020.0 -Battery electric (trucks),FOM,16.0,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (trucks),2020.0 -Battery electric (trucks),investment,129400.0,EUR/LKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (trucks),2020.0 -Battery electric (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Battery electric (trucks),2020.0 -BioSNG,C in fuel,0.405,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,C stored,0.595,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,CO2 stored,0.2182,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,FOM,1.1615,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Fixed O&M",2020.0 -BioSNG,VOM,2.2331,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Variable O&M",2020.0 -BioSNG,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -BioSNG,efficiency,0.75,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Bio SNG Output",2020.0 -BioSNG,investment,2764.84,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Specific investment",2020.0 -BioSNG,lifetime,25.0,years,TODO,"84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -BtL,C in fuel,0.3156,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,C stored,0.6844,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,CO2 stored,0.251,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,FOM,100.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Fixed O&M",2020.0 -BtL,VOM,1.2761,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Variable O&M",2020.0 -BtL,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -BtL,efficiency,0.45,per unit,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Electricity Output",2020.0 -BtL,investment,2078.9555,EUR/kW_th,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Specific investment",2017.0 -BtL,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Technical lifetime",2020.0 -CCGT,FOM,2.7273,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -CCGT,VOM,7.4076,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Variable O&M",2015.0 -CCGT,c_b,2.4,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -CCGT,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -CCGT,efficiency,0.55,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -CCGT,investment,1164.0438,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Nominal investment",2015.0 -CCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -CH4 (g) fill compressor station,FOM,1.7,%/year,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0 -CH4 (g) fill compressor station,investment,1654.96,EUR/MW_CH4,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station cost.","Assume same ratio as between H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station, i.e. 1:19 , due to a lack of reliable numbers.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) fill compressor station,lifetime,20.0,years,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-,2020.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,FOM,1.5,%/year,Assume same as for H2 (g) pipeline in 2050 (CH4 pipeline as mature technology).,"Due to lack of numbers, use comparable H2 pipeline assumptions.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,electricity-input,0.01,MW_e/1000km/MW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: 112 6 gas Main distri line.","Assumption for gas pipeline >100MW, 0.1% per station and spacing of 100km yields 1%/1000km. Electric compression.",2015.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,investment,87.22,EUR/MW/km,Guesstimate.,"Based on Arab Gas Pipeline: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Gas_Pipeline: cost = 1.2e9 $-US (year = ?), capacity=10.3e9 m^3/a NG, l=1200km, NG-LHV=39MJ/m^3*90% (also Wikipedia estimate from here https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_of_combustion). Presumed to include booster station cost.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) pipeline,lifetime,50.0,years,Assume same as for H2 (g) pipeline in 2050 (CH4 pipeline as mature technology).,"Due to lack of numbers, use comparable H2 pipeline assumptions.",2020.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,FOM,3.0,%/year,"d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material.",-,2015.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,electricity-input,0.01,MW_e/1000km/MW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: 112 6 gas Main distri line.","Assumption for gas pipeline >100MW, 0.1% per station and spacing of 100km yields 1%/1000km. Electric compression.",2015.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,investment,119.3173,EUR/MW/km,Kaiser (2017): 10.1016/j.marpol.2017.05.003 .,"Based on Gulfstream pipeline costs (430 mi long pipeline for natural gas in deep/shallow waters) of 2.72e6 USD/mi and 1.31 bn ft^3/d capacity (36 in diameter), LHV of methane 13.8888 MWh/t and density of 0.657 kg/m^3 and 1.17 USD:1EUR conversion rate = 102.4 EUR/MW/km. Number is without booster station cost. Estimation of additional cost for booster stations based on H2 (g) pipeline numbers from Guidehouse (2020): European Hydrogen Backbone report and Danish Energy Agency (2021): Technology Data for Energy Transport, were booster stations make ca. 6% of pipeline cost; here add additional 10% for booster stations as they need to be constructed submerged or on plattforms. (102.4*1.1).",2014.0 -CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,lifetime,30.0,years,"d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material.",-,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,capacity,58300.0,t_CH4,"Calculated, based on Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",based on 138 000 m^3 capacity and LNG density of 0.4226 t/m^3 .,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,investment,159791465.6831,EUR,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2015.0 -CH4 (l) transport ship,lifetime,25.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2015.0 -CH4 evaporation,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 evaporation,investment,91.1101,EUR/kW_CH4,"Calculated, based on Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306","based on 100 MUSD-2005/(1 bcm/a), 1 bcm = 10.6 TWh, currency exchange rate: 1.15 USD=1 EUR.",2005.0 -CH4 evaporation,lifetime,30.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,electricity-input,0.036,MWh_el/MWh_CH4,"Pospíšil et al. (2019): Energy demand of liquefaction and regasification of natural gas and the potential of LNG for operative thermal energy storage (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.09.027), Table 2 and Table 3. alternative source 2: https://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/methane (accessed 2021-02-10).","Assuming 0.5 MWh/t_CH4 for refigeration cycle based on Table 2 of source; cleaning of gas presumed unnecessary as it should be nearly pure CH4 (=SNG). Assuming energy required is only electricity which is for Table 3 in the source provided with efficiencies of ~50% of LHV, making the numbers consistent with the numbers in Table 2.", -CH4 liquefaction,investment,241.443,EUR/kW_CH4,"Calculated, based on Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306","based on 265 MUSD-2005/(1 bcm/a), 1 bcm = 10.6 TWh, currency exchange rate: 1.15 USD=1 EUR.",2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,lifetime,25.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",,2005.0 -CH4 liquefaction,methane-input,1.0,MWh_CH4/MWh_CH4,"Pospíšil et al. (2019): Energy demand of liquefaction and regasification of natural gas and the potential of LNG for operative thermal energy storage (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.09.027), Table 2 and Table 3. alternative source 2: https://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/methane (accessed 2021-02-10).","For refrigeration cycle, cleaning of gas presumed unnecessary as it should be nearly pure CH4 (=SNG). Assuming energy required is only electricity which is for Table 3 in the source provided with efficiencies of ~50% of LHV, making the numbers consistent with the numbers in Table 2.", -CO2 liquefaction,FOM,5.0,%/year,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,,2004.0 -CO2 liquefaction,carbondioxide-input,1.0,t_CO2/t_CO2,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,"Assuming a pure, humid, low-pressure input stream. Neglecting possible gross-effects of CO2 which might be cycled for the cooling process.", -CO2 liquefaction,electricity-input,0.123,MWh_el/t_CO2,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,, -CO2 liquefaction,heat-input,0.0067,MWh_th/t_CO2,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,For drying purposes., -CO2 liquefaction,investment,16.7226,EUR/t_CO2/h,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,"Plant capacity of 20 kt CO2 / d and an uptime of 85%. For a high purity, humid, low pressure input stream, includes drying and compression necessary for liquefaction.",2004.0 -CO2 liquefaction,lifetime,25.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on CH4 liquefaction.",,2004.0 -CO2 pipeline,FOM,0.9,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",,2015.0 -CO2 pipeline,investment,2116.4433,EUR/(tCO2/h)/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",Assuming the 120-500 t CO2/h range that is based on cost of a 12 inch onshore pipeline.,2015.0 -CO2 pipeline,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",,2015.0 -CO2 storage tank,FOM,1.0,%/year,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, pg. 2746 .","Assuming a 3000m^3 pressurised steel cylinder tanks and a CO2 density of 1100 kg/m^3 (close to triple point at -56.6°C and 5.2 bar with max density of 1200kg/m^3 ). Lauri et al. report costs 3x higher per m^3 for steel tanks, which are consistent with other sources. The numbers reported are in rather difficult to pinpoint as systems can greatly vary.",2013.0 -CO2 storage tank,investment,2584.3462,EUR/t_CO2,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, Table 3.","Assuming a 3000m^3 pressurised steel cylinder tanks and a CO2 density of 1100 kg/m^3 (close to triple point at -56.6°C and 5.2 bar with max density of 1200kg/m^3 ). Lauri et al. report costs 3x higher per m^3 for steel tanks, which are consistent with other sources. The numbers reported are in rather difficult to pinpoint as systems can greatly vary.",2013.0 -CO2 storage tank,lifetime,25.0,years,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, pg. 2746 .","Assuming a 3000m^3 pressurised steel cylinder tanks and a CO2 density of 1100 kg/m^3 (close to triple point at -56.6°C and 5.2 bar with max density of 1200kg/m^3 ). Lauri et al. report costs 3x higher per m^3 for steel tanks, which are consistent with other sources. The numbers reported are in rather difficult to pinpoint as systems can greatly vary.",2013.0 -CO2 submarine pipeline,FOM,0.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",,2015.0 -CO2 submarine pipeline,investment,4232.8865,EUR/(tCO2/h)/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",Assuming the 120-500 t CO2/h range that is based on cost of a 12 inch offshore pipeline.,2015.0 -Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,FOM,1.6,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,investment,448894.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fast (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,FOM,2.2,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,investment,1788360.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,FOM,2.2,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,investment,1787894.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure fuel cell vehicles trucks,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,FOM,1.8,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,investment,1005.0,EUR/Lades�ule,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,lifetime,30.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Charging infrastructure slow (purely) battery electric vehicles passenger cars,2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,FOM,0.9265,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.64 (p.86) Figure 4.14","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,efficiency,0.7211,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.52^0.5']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,investment,946180.9426,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Turbine Compressor BOP EPC Management']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'pair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-store,FOM,0.43,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB 4.5.2.1 Fixed O&M p.62 (p.84)","{'carrier': ['pair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-store,investment,5448.7894,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.64 (p.86)","{'carrier': ['pair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Cavern Storage']}",2020.0 -Compressed-Air-Adiabatic-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['pair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,investment,144192.2682,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'concrete'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,efficiency,0.4343,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,investment,576769.073,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Concrete-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['concrete', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Concrete-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['concrete'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Concrete-store,investment,24044.2324,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['concrete'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -Concrete-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['concrete'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -"Container feeder, ammonia",efficiency,0.7754,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container feeder, ammonia",investment,34966212.0251,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container feeder, ammonia",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container feeder, diesel",efficiency,0.7718,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, diesel",2023.0 -"Container feeder, diesel",investment,34966212.0251,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, diesel",2023.0 -"Container feeder, diesel",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, diesel",2023.0 -"Container feeder, methanol",efficiency,0.7711,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, methanol",2023.0 -"Container feeder, methanol",investment,34966212.0251,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, methanol",2023.0 -"Container feeder, methanol",lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container feeder, methanol",2023.0 -"Container, ammonia",efficiency,1.7094,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container, ammonia",investment,119652947.2851,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container, ammonia",lifetime,32.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, ammonia",2023.0 -"Container, diesel",efficiency,1.6399,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, diesel",2023.0 -"Container, diesel",investment,119652947.2851,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, diesel",2023.0 -"Container, diesel",lifetime,33.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, diesel",2023.0 -"Container, methanol",efficiency,1.7001,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, methanol",2023.0 -"Container, methanol",investment,119652947.2851,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, methanol",2023.0 -"Container, methanol",lifetime,33.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Container, methanol",2023.0 -Diesel Bus city,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,Motor size,250.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,efficiency,1.2975,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,investment,150756.2732,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Bus city,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B1,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,Motor size,350.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,efficiency,1.4329,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,investment,231296.0768,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Coach,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel B2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,FOM,0.0005,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,Motor size,380.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,efficiency,2.7275,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,investment,142012.114,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,lifetime,10.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L3,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,Motor size,330.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,efficiency,1.4992,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,investment,155444.0931,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Solo max 26 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L1,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,Motor size,382.3529,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,VOM,0.1068,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,efficiency,2.5876,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,investment,177515.1425,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -Diesel Truck Trailer max 56 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",Diesel L2,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,Motor size,450.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,VOM,0.0979,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,efficiency,1.1664,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,investment,190570.463,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Bus city,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B1,2022.0 -FCV Coach,FOM,0.0002,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,Motor size,450.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,efficiency,1.1348,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,investment,356840.1722,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Coach,lifetime,12.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV B2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,FOM,0.0004,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,Motor size,600.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,efficiency,2.0908,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,investment,139809.9795,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Semi-Trailer max 50 tons,lifetime,10.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L3,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,Motor size,450.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,efficiency,1.3586,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,investment,172241.267,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Solo max 26 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L1,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,FOM,0.0003,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,Motor size,450.0,kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,VOM,0.0952,EUR/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,efficiency,2.3109,kWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,investment,194312.3164,EUR/vehicle,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FCV Truck Trailer max 56 tons,lifetime,13.8,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport_0.xlsx",FCV L2,2022.0 -FT fuel transport ship,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -FT fuel transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_FTfuel,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -FT fuel transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -FT fuel transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.1.",,2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,VOM,1.1697,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",102 Hydrogen to Jet: Variable O&M,2020.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -Fischer-Tropsch,carbondioxide-input,0.276,t_CO2/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","Input per 1t FT liquid fuels output, carbon efficiency increases with years (4.3, 3.9, 3.6, 3.3 t_CO2/t_FT from 2020-2050 with LHV 11.95 MWh_th/t_FT).", -Fischer-Tropsch,efficiency,0.799,per unit,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.2.",,2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,electricity-input,0.007,MWh_el/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","0.005 MWh_el input per FT output, output increasing from 2020 to 2050 (0.65, 0.7, 0.73, 0.75 MWh liquid FT output).", -Fischer-Tropsch,hydrogen-input,1.327,MWh_H2/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","0.995 MWh_H2 per output, output increasing from 2020 to 2050 (0.65, 0.7, 0.73, 0.75 MWh liquid FT output).", -Fischer-Tropsch,investment,519738.882,EUR/MW_FT,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 8: “Reference scenario”.","Well developed technology, no significant learning expected.",2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (04/2022), Data sheet “Methanol to Power”.",,2017.0 -Gasnetz,FOM,2.5,%,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz,2020.0 -Gasnetz,investment,28.0,EUR/kWGas,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz,2020.0 -Gasnetz,lifetime,30.0,years,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz,2020.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),FOM,6.25,%/year,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , figure 7 and pg. 12 .",Assuming ca. 10 EUR/m^3/a (center value between stand alone and addon facility).,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),investment,137.8999,EUR/m^3,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 8F .",Assumed 20% lower than for product storage. Crude or middle distillate tanks are usually larger compared to product storage due to lower requirements on safety and different construction method. Reference size used here: 80 000 – 120 000 m^3 .,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),lifetime,30.0,years,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 11.",,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),FOM,6.25,%/year,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , figure 7 and pg. 12 .",Assuming ca. 10 EUR/m^3/a (center value between stand alone and addon facility).,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),investment,172.3748,EUR/m^3,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 8F .",Assumed at the higher end for addon facilities/mid-range for stand-alone facilities. Product storage usually smaller due to higher requirements on safety and different construction method. Reference size used here: 40 000 - 60 000 m^3 .,2012.0 -General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),lifetime,30.0,years,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 11.",,2012.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.76 (p.98) Sentence 1 in 4.7.2 Operating Costs","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['1.5 percent of capital cost']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,efficiency,0.9274,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.36","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.86^0.5']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,investment,415570.5177,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 0% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-bicharger,lifetime,41.7,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.36","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravity', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-store,investment,157381.7274,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 15% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['gravity'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Gravitational Capital (SB+BOS)']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Brick-store,lifetime,41.7,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.36","{'carrier': ['gravity'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.76 (p.98) Sentence 1 in 4.7.2 Operating Costs","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['1.5 percent of capital cost']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,efficiency,0.9014,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level ((0.785+0.84)/2)^0.5']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,investment,365630.713,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 0% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywa', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-store,investment,121755.0274,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 15% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['gravitywa'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Gravitational Capital (SB+BOS)']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Aboveground-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['gravitywa'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.76 (p.98) Sentence 1 in 4.7.2 Operating Costs","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['1.5 percent of capital cost']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,efficiency,0.9014,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level ((0.785+0.84)/2)^0.5']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,investment,905158.9602,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 0% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['elec', 'gravitywu', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-store,investment,95982.5211,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.71 (p.94) text at the bottom speaks about 15% cost reduction for 2030 compared to 2021","{'carrier': ['gravitywu'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Gravitational Capital (SB+BOS)']}",2020.0 -Gravity-Water-Underground-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.77 (p.99) Table 4.37","{'carrier': ['gravitywu'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -H2 (g) fill compressor station,FOM,1.7,%/year,"Guidehouse 2020: European Hydrogen Backbone report, https://guidehouse.com/-/media/www/site/downloads/energy/2020/gh_european-hydrogen-backbone_report.pdf (table 3, table 5)","Pessimistic (highest) value chosen for 48'' pipeline w/ 13GW_H2 LHV @ 100bar pressure. Currency year: Not clearly specified, assuming year of publication. Forecast year: Not clearly specified, guessing based on text remarks.",2020.0 -H2 (g) fill compressor station,investment,4738.7164,EUR/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), pg. 164, Figure 14 (Fill compressor).","Assumption for staging 35→140bar, 6000 MW_HHV single line pipeline. Considering HHV/LHV ration for H2.",2015.0 -H2 (g) fill compressor station,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), pg. 168, Figure 24 (Fill compressor).",,2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, > 6000 MW_HHV single line pipeline, incl. booster station investments. Considering LHV by scaling with LHV/HHV=0.8462623413.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,electricity-input,0.017,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,investment,303.6845,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 4.4 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) pipeline,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, > 6000 MW_HHV single line pipeline, incl. booster station investments. Considering LHV by scaling with LHV/HHV=0.8462623413.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.",Same as for new H2 (g) pipeline.,2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,electricity-input,0.017,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,investment,129.4682,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line repurposed pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 0.8 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.",Same as for new H2 (g) pipeline.,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,FOM,3.0,%/year,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,electricity-input,0.017,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,investment,456.1165,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line offshore pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 7.48 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline,lifetime,30.0,years,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,FOM,3.0,%/year,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,electricity-input,0.017,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression.",2015.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,investment,160.1562,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line repurposed offshore pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 1.5 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)",2023.0 -H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,lifetime,30.0,years,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-,2015.0 -H2 (l) storage tank,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.",Assuming currency year and technology year here (25 EUR/kg).,2015.0 -H2 (l) storage tank,investment,793.7456,EUR/MWh_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.","Assuming currency year and technology year here (25 EUR/kg). Future target cost. Today’s cost potentially higher according to d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material pg. 16.",2015.0 -H2 (l) storage tank,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.",Assuming currency year and technology year here (25 EUR/kg).,2015.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,capacity,11000.0,t_H2,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,investment,393737000.0,EUR,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 (l) transport ship,lifetime,20.0,years,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",,2019.0 -H2 evaporation,FOM,2.5,%/year,"DNV GL (2020): Study on the Import of Liquid Renewable Energy: Technology Cost Assessment, https://www.gie.eu/wp-content/uploads/filr/2598/DNV-GL_Study-GLE-Technologies-and-costs-analysis-on-imports-of-liquid-renewable-energy.pdf .",,2020.0 -H2 evaporation,investment,57.8463,EUR/kW_H2,"IRENA (2022): Global Hydrogen Trade to Meet the 1.5° Climate Goal: Technology Review of Hydrogen Carriers, https://www.irena.org/publications/2022/Apr/Global-hydrogen-trade-Part-II , pg. 62f.","Pessimistic assumption for large scale facility / near-term estimate for medium sized facility, in between low / mid estimate with e.g. DNV numbers (Fig. 3.15).; and Optimistic assumption for large scale facility 2500 t/d, cf Fig. 3.15 .",2022.0 -H2 evaporation,lifetime,20.0,years,Guesstimate.,Based on lifetime of liquefaction plant.,2015.0 -H2 liquefaction,FOM,2.5,%/year,"DNV GL (2020): Study on the Import of Liquid Renewable Energy: Technology Cost Assessment, https://www.gie.eu/wp-content/uploads/filr/2598/DNV-GL_Study-GLE-Technologies-and-costs-analysis-on-imports-of-liquid-renewable-energy.pdf .",,2020.0 -H2 liquefaction,electricity-input,0.203,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"Heuser et al. (2019): Techno-economic analysis of a potential energy trading link between Patagonia and Japan based on CO2 free hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.12.156), table 1.","6.78 kWh/kg_H2, considering H2 with LHV of 33.3333 MWh/t", -H2 liquefaction,hydrogen-input,1.017,MWh_H2/MWh_H2,"Heuser et al. (2019): Techno-economic analysis of a potential energy trading link between Patagonia and Japan based on CO2 free hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.12.156), table 1.",corresponding to 1.65% losses during liquefaction, -H2 liquefaction,investment,533.9655,EUR/kW_H2,"IRENA (2022): Global Hydrogen Trade to Meet the 1.5° Climate Goal: Technology Review of Hydrogen Carriers, https://www.irena.org/publications/2022/Apr/Global-hydrogen-trade-Part-II , pg. 62f.","Assumption for a 200t/d facility (Pessimistic long-term or optimistic short-term value).; and Assumption for a large >300t/d, e.g. 2500 t/d facility (Optimistic long-term value without change in base technology mentioned in report).",2022.0 -H2 liquefaction,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2022.0 -H2 pipeline,FOM,3.0,%/year,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -H2 pipeline,investment,282.5452,EUR/MW/km,Welder et al https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.05.059, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -H2 pipeline,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,FOM,5.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,VOM,0.5118,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,electricity-input,0.097,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification,investment,1467.9399,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification,wood-input,1.804,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification CC,FOM,5.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification CC,VOM,0.5232,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification CC,electricity-input,0.143,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification CC,investment,1489.0957,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production biomass gasification CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production biomass gasification CC,wood-input,1.804,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification,FOM,6.4,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification,VOM,0.5061,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification,coal-input,1.62,MWh_coal/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification,electricity-input,0.02,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification,investment,399.1168,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification CC,FOM,6.2,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification CC,VOM,0.1479,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification CC,coal-input,1.62,MWh_coal/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification CC,electricity-input,0.023,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production coal gasification CC,investment,413.4481,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production coal gasification CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,FOM,5.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,VOM,0.1592,EUR/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,electricity-input,0.063,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,investment,491.1331,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,lifetime,25.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,oil-input,1.3,MWh_oil/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,FOM,4.9,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,VOM,0.2047,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,electricity-input,0.02,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,gas-input,1.25,MWh_NG/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,investment,180.0518,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,FOM,6.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,VOM,0.0796,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,electricity-input,0.039,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,gas-input,1.4,MWh_NG/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,investment,217.5863,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,FOM,4.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,VOM,0.7393,EUR/MWh,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,electricity-input,0.044,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,investment,590.6564,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",,2010.0 -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,wood-input,1.36,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",, -HVAC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVAC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVAC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,investment,165803.0398,EUR/MW,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC inverter pair,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,investment,442.1414,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .",,2011.0 -HVDC submarine,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0 -HVDC submarine,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1,2017.0 -HVDC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables.",2018.0 -HVDC underground,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 -HVDC underground,investment,1008.2934,EUR/MW/km,Härtel et al. (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.06.008 .,Table 1 (same as for HVDC submarine),2017.0 -HVDC underground,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 .,"Based on estimated costs for a NA-EU connector (bidirectional,4 GW, 3000km length and ca. 3000m depth). Costs in return based on existing/currently under construction undersea cables. (same as for HVDC submarine)",2018.0 -Haber-Bosch,FOM,3.1902,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,VOM,0.045,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Variable O&M,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,electricity-input,0.2473,MWh_el/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), table 11.",Assume 5 GJ/t_NH3 for compressors and NH3 LHV = 5.16666 MWh/t_NH3., -Haber-Bosch,hydrogen-input,1.1484,MWh_H2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.","178 kg_H2 per t_NH3, LHV for both assumed.", -Haber-Bosch,investment,1069.0472,EUR/kW_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -Haber-Bosch,nitrogen-input,0.1597,t_N2/MWh_NH3,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.",".33 MWh electricity are required for ASU per t_NH3, considering 0.4 MWh are required per t_N2 and LHV of NH3 of 5.1666 Mwh.", -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,investment,144192.2682,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'salthight'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,efficiency,0.4444,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,investment,576769.073,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['salthight', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['salthight'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-store,investment,94107.5489,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['salthight'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -HighT-Molten-Salt-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['salthight'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),FOM,1.2,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),efficiency,0.48,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),investment,26880.0,EUR/PKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (passenger cars),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),FOM,12.2,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),efficiency,0.56,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),investment,125710.0,EUR/LKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Hydrogen fuel cell (trucks),2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,FOM,0.6345,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,efficiency,0.6963,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133) include inverter 0.98 & transformer efficiency 0.98 ","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Electrolyzer']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,investment,347170.8209,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.113 (p.135)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Electrolyzer']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-charger,lifetime,30.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,FOM,0.5812,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,efficiency,0.4869,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133) include inverter 0.98 & transformer efficiency 0.98 ","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Fuel Cell']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,investment,379007.4464,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.113 (p.135)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Fuel Cell']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-discharger,lifetime,30.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-store,FOM,0.43,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB =(C38+C39)*0.43/4","{'carrier': ['h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-store,investment,4779.9527,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.113 (p.135)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Cavern Storage']}",2020.0 -Hydrogen-store,lifetime,30.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.111 (p.133)","{'carrier': ['h2cavern'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LNG storage tank,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank with comparable requirements.",Currency year and technology year assumed based on publication date.,2019.0 -LNG storage tank,investment,666.634,EUR/m^3,"Hurskainen 2019, https://cris.vtt.fi/en/publications/liquid-organic-hydrogen-carriers-lohc-concept-evaluation-and-tech pg. 46 (59).",Currency year and technology year assumed based on publication date.,2019.0 -LNG storage tank,lifetime,20.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank with comparable requirements.",Currency year and technology year assumed based on publication date.,2019.0 -LOHC chemical,investment,2500.0,EUR/t,"Runge et al 2020, pg.7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC chemical,lifetime,20.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, pg.7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation,investment,53681.4988,EUR/MW_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",per MW H2 (LHV). For a large plant of 1000 MW capacity. Calculated based on base CAPEX of 30 MEUR for 300 t/day capacity and a scale factor of 0.6.,2015.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),FOM,3.0,%/year,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),investment,839000.0,EUR/MW_H2,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",MW of H2 LHV. For a small plant of 0.9 MW capacity.,2020.0 -LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),lifetime,20.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,electricity-input,0.004,MWh_el/t_HLOHC,Niermann et al. (2019): (https://doi.org/10.1039/C8EE02700E). 6A .,"Flow in figures shows 0.2 MW for 114 MW_HHV = 96.4326 MW_LHV = 2.89298 t hydrogen. At 5.6 wt-% effective H2 storage for loaded LOHC (H18-DBT, HLOHC), corresponds to 51.6604 t loaded LOHC .", -LOHC hydrogenation,hydrogen-input,1.867,MWh_H2/t_HLOHC,"Runge et al 2020, pg. 7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",Considering 5.6 wt-% H2 in loaded LOHC (HLOHC) and LHV of H2., -LOHC hydrogenation,investment,54243.958,EUR/MW_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",per MW H2 (LHV). For a large plant of 2000 MW capacity. Calculated based on base CAPEX of 40 MEUR for 300 t/day capacity and a scale factor of 0.6.,2015.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",,2015.0 -LOHC hydrogenation,lohc-input,0.944,t_LOHC/t_HLOHC,"Runge et al 2020, pg. 7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514","Loaded LOHC (H18-DBT, HLOHC) has loaded only 5.6%-wt H2 as rate of discharge is kept at ca. 90%.", -LOHC loaded DBT storage,FOM,6.25,%/year,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -LOHC loaded DBT storage,investment,151.5383,EUR/t,"Density via Wissenschaftliche Dienste des Deutschen Bundestages 2020, https://www.bundestag.de/resource/blob/816048/454e182d5956d45a664da9eb85486f76/WD-8-058-20-pdf-data.pdf , pg. 11.","Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared. Density of loaded LOHC H18-DBT is 0.91 t/m^3.",2012.0 -LOHC loaded DBT storage,lifetime,30.0,years,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -LOHC transport ship,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_LOHC,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",,2020.0 -LOHC unloaded DBT storage,FOM,6.25,%/year,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -LOHC unloaded DBT storage,investment,134.2745,EUR/t,"Density via Wissenschaftliche Dienste des Deutschen Bundestages 2020, https://www.bundestag.de/resource/blob/816048/454e182d5956d45a664da9eb85486f76/WD-8-058-20-pdf-data.pdf , pg. 11.","Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared. Density of loaded LOHC H18-DBT is 0.91 t/m^3, density of unloaded LOHC H0-DBT is 1.04 t/m^3 but unloading is only to 90% (depth-of-discharge), assume density via linearisation of 1.027 t/m^3.",2012.0 -LOHC unloaded DBT storage,lifetime,30.0,years,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared.",2012.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,FOM,2.4427,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,efficiency,0.8832,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.78^0.5']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,investment,128853.6139,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-bicharger,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lead', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-store,FOM,0.2542,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['lead'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-store,investment,320631.3818,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['lead'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Lead-Acid-store,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.33 (p.55)","{'carrier': ['lead'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),FOM,1.6,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),efficiency,0.215,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),investment,26880.0,EUR/PKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (passenger cars),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),FOM,15.5,%,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),efficiency,0.373,per unit,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),investment,116401.0,EUR/LKW,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY SYSTEM The German energy transformation in its social context. https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/publications/studies/paths-to-a-climate-neutral-energy-system.html,Liquid fuels ICE (trucks),2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,FOM,0.366,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,investment,475721.2289,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Figure 9 of reference roughly 80% of capital cost are power related 47%/80% of costs are required for liquefaction (charging)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lair'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,FOM,0.5212,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,efficiency,0.55,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE 0.545 assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,investment,334017.033,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, NULL","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['lair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-store,FOM,0.3208,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['lair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-store,investment,159004.771,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['lair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Liquid Air SB and BOS']}",2020.0 -Liquid-Air-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['lair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,FOM,2.1198,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,efficiency,0.9193,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.8452^0.5']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,investment,81553.4846,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-bicharger,lifetime,16.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'lfp', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-store,FOM,0.0447,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['lfp'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-store,investment,236482.8109,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['lfp'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-LFP-store,lifetime,16.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['lfp'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,FOM,2.1198,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,efficiency,0.9193,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.8452^0.5']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,investment,81553.4846,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-bicharger,lifetime,13.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nmc', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-store,FOM,0.038,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['nmc'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-store,investment,269576.8493,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['nmc'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Lithium-Ion-NMC-store,lifetime,13.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.24 (p.46)","{'carrier': ['nmc'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,investment,144192.2682,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,efficiency,0.5394,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,investment,576769.073,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-store,investment,58041.2003,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.98 (p.120)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -LowT-Molten-Salt-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['saltlowt'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_MeOH,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -MeOH transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",,2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,investment,18016.8665,EUR/MW_H2,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.","For high temperature steam reforming plant with a capacity of 200 MW_H2 output (6t/h). Reference plant of 1 MW (30kg_H2/h) costs 150kEUR, scale factor of 0.6 assumed.",2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",,2020.0 -Methanol steam reforming,methanol-input,1.201,MWh_MeOH/MWh_H2,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",Assuming per 1 t_H2 (with LHV 33.3333 MWh/t): 4.5 MWh_th and 3.2 MWh_el are required. We assume electricity can be substituted / provided with 1:1 as heat energy., -NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank.",,2010.0 -NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,investment,166.8201,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Calculated based on Morgan E. 2013: doi:10.7275/11KT-3F59 , Fig. 55, Fig 58.","Based on estimated for a double-wall liquid ammonia tank (~ambient pressure, -33°C), inner tank from stainless steel, outer tank from concrete including installations for liquefaction/condensation, boil-off gas recovery and safety installations; the necessary installations make only a small fraction of the total cost. The total cost are driven by material and working time on the tanks. -While the costs do not scale strictly linearly, we here assume they do (good approximation c.f. ref. Fig 55.) and take the costs for a 9 kt NH3 (l) tank = 8 M$2010, which is smaller 4-5x smaller than the largest deployed tanks today. -We assume an exchange rate of 1.17$ to 1 €. -The investment value is given per MWh NH3 store capacity, using the LHV of NH3 of 5.18 MWh/t.",2010.0 -NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,lifetime,20.0,years,"Morgan E. 2013: doi:10.7275/11KT-3F59 , pg. 290",,2010.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B",,2019.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,capacity,53000.0,t_NH3,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B",,2019.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,investment,81164200.0,EUR,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B",,2019.0 -NH3 (l) transport ship,lifetime,20.0,years,"Guess estimated based on H2 (l) tanker, but more mature technology",,2019.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,FOM,2.1198,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['((0.75-0.87)/2)^0.5 mean value of range efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,investment,81553.4846,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) same as Li-LFP","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-bicharger,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'nizn', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-store,FOM,0.2262,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-store,investment,267837.874,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Ni-Zn-store,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['nizn'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -OCGT,FOM,1.3864,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -OCGT,VOM,5.2911,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Variable O&M,2015.0 -OCGT,efficiency,0.43,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","52 OCGT - Natural gas: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -OCGT,investment,566.5634,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 -OCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -PEM electrolyzer small size,FOM,3.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW,2010.0 -PEM electrolyzer small size,electricity-input,1.25,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW, -PEM electrolyzer small size,investment,1080.5384,EUR/kW,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW,2010.0 -PEM electrolyzer small size,lifetime,9.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx` (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`","Likely stack lifetime, rather than electrolyzer system lifetime", -PHS,FOM,1.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -PHS,efficiency,0.75,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -PHS,investment,2274.8177,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 -PHS,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,FOM,0.366,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Charger']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,investment,761782.6727,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Figure 9 of reference roughly 80% of capital cost are power related 47%/80% of costs are required for liquefaction (charging)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-charger,lifetime,33.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phes'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,FOM,0.5212,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,efficiency,0.63,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE 0.62 assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,investment,534868.6851,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, NULL","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-discharger,lifetime,33.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['phes', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-store,FOM,0.1528,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.103 (p.125)","{'carrier': ['phes'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-store,investment,11546.7963,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.92 (p.114)","{'carrier': ['phes'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Molten Salt based SB and BOS']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Heat-store,lifetime,33.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['phes'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,FOM,0.9951,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, Figure 4.16","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,efficiency,0.8944,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.8^0.5']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,investment,1397128.4612,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Powerhouse Construction & Infrastructure']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-bicharger,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'phs', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-store,FOM,0.43,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['phs'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-store,investment,57074.0625,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['phs'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['Reservoir Construction & Infrastructure']}",2020.0 -Pumped-Storage-Hydro-store,lifetime,60.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.68 (p.90)","{'carrier': ['phs'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['mechanical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -SMR,FOM,5.0,%/year,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR,efficiency,0.76,per unit (in LHV),"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SMR,investment,522201.0492,EUR/MW_CH4,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR,lifetime,30.0,years,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SMR CC,FOM,5.0,%/year,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR CC,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",wide range: capture rates between 54%-90%, -SMR CC,efficiency,0.69,per unit (in LHV),"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SMR CC,investment,605753.2171,EUR/MW_CH4,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311",2015.0 -SMR CC,lifetime,30.0,years,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",, -SOEC,FOM,4.0,%/year,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,US-based assumptions for a Conservative cost scenario,2022.0 -SOEC,electricity-input,1.11,MWh_el/MWh_H2,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,, -SOEC,investment,2029.959,USD/kW,"ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions, https://theicct.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/fuels-eu-cost-renew-H-produced-onsite-H-refueling-stations-europe-feb22.pdf adjusted according to DOE observations https://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/docs/hydrogenprogramlibraries/pdfs/24005-clean-hydrogen-production-cost-pem-electrolyzer.pdf?sfvrsn=8cb10889_1#:~:text=This%20Record%20shows%20that%20the,factors%20of%2050%2D75%25",US-based assumptions for a Conservative cost scenario,2022.0 -SOEC,lifetime,30.0,years,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,, -Sand-charger,FOM,1.075,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on charger']}",2020.0 -Sand-charger,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Sand-charger,investment,144192.2682,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 20% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Charge']}",2020.0 -Sand-charger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'sand'], 'technology_type': ['charger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,FOM,0.2688,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, NULL","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Guesstimate, 50% on discharger']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,efficiency,0.53,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['RTE assume 99% for charge and other for discharge']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,investment,576769.073,EUR/MW,"Georgiou_2018, Guesstimate that charge is 80% of capital costs of power components for sensible thermal storage","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['Power Equipment Discharge']}",2020.0 -Sand-discharger,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['sand', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['discharger'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Sand-store,FOM,0.3308,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p 104 (p.126)","{'carrier': ['sand'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['not provided calculated as for hydrogen']}",2020.0 -Sand-store,investment,6700.8517,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.100 (p.122)","{'carrier': ['sand'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['SB and BOS 0.85 of 2021 value']}",2020.0 -Sand-store,lifetime,35.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.107 (p.129)","{'carrier': ['sand'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['thermal'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Steam methane reforming,FOM,3.0,%/year,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW).,2015.0 -Steam methane reforming,investment,497454.611,EUR/MW_H2,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW). Currency conversion 1.17 USD = 1 EUR.,2015.0 -Steam methane reforming,lifetime,30.0,years,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW).,2015.0 -Steam methane reforming,methane-input,1.483,MWh_CH4/MWh_H2,"Keipi et al (2018): Economic analysis of hydrogen production by methane thermal decomposition (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2017.12.063), table 2.","Large scale SMR plant producing 2.5 kg/s H2 output (assuming 33.3333 MWh/t H2 LHV), with 6.9 kg/s CH4 input (feedstock) and 2 kg/s CH4 input (energy). Neglecting water consumption.", -"Tank&bulk, diesel",efficiency,0.462,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, diesel",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, diesel",investment,35129312.4041,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, diesel",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, diesel",lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, diesel",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, methanol",efficiency,0.4695,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, methanol",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, methanol",investment,35129312.4041,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, methanol",2023.0 -"Tank&bulk, methanol",lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tank&bulk, methanol",2023.0 -"Tankbulk, ammonia",efficiency,0.471,MWh/km,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tankbulk, ammonia",2023.0 -"Tankbulk, ammonia",investment,35129312.4041,EUR,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tankbulk, ammonia",2023.0 -"Tankbulk, ammonia",lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_maritime_commercial_freight_and_passenger_transport.xlsx","Tankbulk, ammonia",2023.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,FOM,2.4395,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['30% assumed of power components every 10 years']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,efficiency,0.8062,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['AC-AC efficiency at transformer level 0.65^0.5']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,investment,129023.0526,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-bicharger,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'vanadium', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-store,FOM,0.2345,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.28 (p.50)","{'carrier': ['vanadium'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['0.43 % of SB']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-store,investment,258072.8586,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['vanadium'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Vanadium-Redox-Flow-store,lifetime,12.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.42 (p.64)","{'carrier': ['vanadium'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,FOM,2.4395,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,efficiency,0.7937,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.25 ","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['(0.63)^0.5 efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,investment,129023.0526,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-bicharger,lifetime,25.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znair', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-store,FOM,0.1654,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-store,investment,174388.0144,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.48 (p.70) text below Table 4.12","{'carrier': ['znair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Zn-Air-store,lifetime,25.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['znair'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,FOM,2.1198,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,efficiency,0.8307,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.25 ","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['(0.69)^0.5 efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,investment,81553.4846,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-bicharger,lifetime,10.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.27","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbrflow', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-store,FOM,0.2576,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znbrflow'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-store,investment,412306.5947,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['znbrflow'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Flow-store,lifetime,10.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.27","{'carrier': ['znbrflow'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,FOM,2.4395,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, p.51-52 in section 4.4.2","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Guesstimate 30% assumed of power components every 10 years ']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,efficiency,0.8888,per unit,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.25","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': [' (0.79)^0.5 efficiency is not RTE but single way AC-store conversion']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,investment,129023.0526,EUR/MW,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['Power Equipment']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-bicharger,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['elec', 'znbr', 'elec'], 'technology_type': ['bicharger'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,FOM,0.2244,%/year,"Viswanathan_2022, 0.43 % of SB","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['derived']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,investment,239220.5823,EUR/MWh,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81) Table 4.14","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['DC storage block']}",2020.0 -Zn-Br-Nonflow-store,lifetime,15.0,years,"Viswanathan_2022, p.59 (p.81)","{'carrier': ['znbr'], 'technology_type': ['store'], 'type': ['electrochemical'], 'note': ['NULL']}",2020.0 -air separation unit,FOM,0.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -air separation unit,electricity-input,0.25,MWh_el/t_N2,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), p.288.","For consistency reasons use value from Danish Energy Agency. DEA also reports range of values (0.2-0.4 MWh/t_N2) on pg. 288. Other efficienices reported are even higher, e.g. 0.11 Mwh/t_N2 from Morgan (2013): Techno-Economic Feasibility Study of Ammonia Plants Powered by Offshore Wind .", -air separation unit,investment,0.0,EUR/t_N2/h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment,2015.0 -air separation unit,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -allam,VOM,2.0,EUR/MWh,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -allam,efficiency,0.6,p.u.,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -allam,investment,1500.0,EUR/kW,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -allam,lifetime,30.0,years,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,,2020.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,FOM,5.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.99,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",CO2 volume captured / (Stream flowrate * Max. capacity utilization * CO2 in exhaust * 8760),2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.1,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,investment,929753.03,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 41 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 389000 t/year",2019.0 -ammonia carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -battery inverter,FOM,0.216,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -battery inverter,efficiency,0.95,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2020.0 -battery inverter,investment,265.85,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2020.0 -battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -battery storage,investment,187.1584,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2020.0 -battery storage,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,FOM,100.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Fixed O&M",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,VOM,480.1251,EUR/MWh_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Variable O&M",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-biochar,1.0,MWh_biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency biochar",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,efficiency-heat,3.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: efficiency heat",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,investment,480125.1,EUR/kW_biochar,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Specific investment",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biochar pyrolysis,yield-biochar,0.144,ton biochar/MWh_feedstock,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","105 Slow pyrolysis, Straw: yield biochar",2020.0 -biodiesel crops,fuel,131.8317,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIORPS1 (rape seed), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -bioethanol crops,CO2 intensity,0.1289,tCO2/MWh_th,,"CO2 released during fermentation of bioethanol crops, based on stochiometric composition: C6H12O6 -> 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2 , i.e. 1 kg ethanol → ~0.956 kg CO₂ (from fermentation) → 0.1289 tCO₂/MWh (with LHV = 26.7 MJ/kg).", -bioethanol crops,fuel,89.8502,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOCRP11 (Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -biogas,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 -biogas,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biogas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, -biogas,fuel,62.4351,EUR/MWhth,JRC and Zappa, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biogas,investment,768.5408,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 -biogas,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biogas CC,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas CC,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 -biogas CC,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biogas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, -biogas CC,investment,768.5408,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 -biogas CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biogas manure,fuel,19.9506,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOGAS1 (manure), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,FOM,73.3333,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,VOM,1.1697,EUR/MWh_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Variable O&M,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,investment,1595.1,EUR/kW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Specific investment,2020.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -biogas upgrading,FOM,17.0397,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Fixed O&M ",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,VOM,3.2746,EUR/MWh output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Variable O&M",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,investment,151.8509,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: investment (upgrading, methane redution and grid injection)",2020.0 -biogas upgrading,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Technical lifetime",2020.0 -biomass,FOM,4.5269,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,efficiency,0.468,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,fuel,7.4076,EUR/MWhth,IEA2011b, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,investment,2337.6116,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass,lifetime,30.0,years,ECF2010 in DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biomass CHP,FOM,3.3322,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass CHP,VOM,2.73,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -biomass CHP,c_b,0.6108,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -biomass CHP,efficiency,0.27,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.47,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass CHP,investment,4223.7665,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -biomass CHP,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,capture_rate,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-electricity-input,0.09,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-heat-output,0.15,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,electricity-input,0.025,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-input,0.72,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-output,0.72,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,investment,2800000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass CHP capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 -biomass EOP,FOM,3.3322,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass EOP,VOM,2.73,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -biomass EOP,c_b,0.6108,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -biomass EOP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -biomass EOP,efficiency,0.27,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass EOP,efficiency-heat,0.47,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass EOP,investment,4223.7665,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -biomass EOP,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass HOP,FOM,5.1121,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Fixed O&M, heat output",2015.0 -biomass HOP,VOM,4.0647,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Variable O&M heat output,2015.0 -biomass HOP,efficiency,0.88,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -biomass HOP,investment,1153.0032,EUR/kW_th - heat output,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Nominal investment ,2015.0 -biomass HOP,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -biomass boiler,FOM,5.2925,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -biomass boiler,efficiency,0.8048,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -biomass boiler,investment,1058.2216,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Specific investment",2015.0 -biomass boiler,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass boiler,pelletizing cost,9.0,EUR/MWh_pellets,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.109506,,2019.0 -biomass-to-methanol,C in fuel,0.9003,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,C stored,0.0997,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,CO2 stored,0.0366,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,FOM,91.6667,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,VOM,1.1697,EUR/MWh_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Variable O&M,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency,1.33,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Methanol Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-electricity,1.25,MWh_e/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Electricity Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-heat,1.25,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: District heat Output,",2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,investment,1276.08,EUR/kW_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Specific investment,2020.0 -biomass-to-methanol,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,FOM,14.18,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",123.67 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘BF-BOF’.,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,coal-input,1.43,MWh_coal/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15). ","Based on process ‘Avg BF-BOF` using 195 kg_PCI/t_HM (PCI = Pulverized Coal Injected; HM = Hot Metal) as substitute for coke, 24 MJ/kg as LHV for coal and 1 : 1.1 as HM-to-steel ratio.",2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15).",,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,investment,7637406.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",871.85 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘Avg BF-BOF’.,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15).",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,ore-input,1.539,t_ore/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",Based on process ‘Avg BF-BOF`,2020.0 -blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,scrap-input,0.051,t_scrap/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",Based on process ‘Avg BF-BOF`,2020.0 -cement capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,capture_rate,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,compression-electricity-input,0.09,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,compression-heat-output,0.15,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,electricity-input,0.021,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,heat-input,0.72,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,heat-output,1.55,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,investment,2400000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,FOM,7.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",CO2 volume captured / (Stream flowrate * Max. capacity utilization * CO2 in exhaust * 8760),2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,investment,2587727.173,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 247 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 842000 t/year",2019.0 -cement carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -cement dry clinker,FOM,4.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,VOM,5.2911,EUR/t_clinker,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,electricity-input,0.0694,MWh_el/t_clinker,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original values 0.25 PJ per Mt clinker,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,gas-input,0.0002,MWh_NG/t_clinker,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original values 0.0058 PJ per Mt clinker,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,heat-input,0.9444,MWh_th/t_CO2,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original values 3.4 PJ per Mt clinker,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,investment,1158752.6816,EUR/t_clinker/h,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original value 125 EUR/t/year,2015.0 -cement dry clinker,lifetime,30.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement finishing,FOM,30.0,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement finishing,VOM,3.1747,EUR/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",,2015.0 -cement finishing,clinker-input,0.656,t_cl/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND_Trans.xlsx`, Sheet `IND_Trans` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer),2015.0 -cement finishing,electricity-input,0.1736,MWh_el/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND_Trans.xlsx`, Sheet `IND_Trans` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer) with original value 0.6251 PJ per Mt cement.,2015.0 -cement finishing,investment,92700.2145,EUR/t_cement/h,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original value 10 EUR/t/year,2015.0 -cement finishing,lifetime,25.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer),2015.0 -cement finishing,slag-input,0.194,t_slag/t_cement,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND_Trans.xlsx`, Sheet `IND_Trans` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer),2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.3504,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.3175,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Total efficiency, net, name plate",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,investment,1510.1647,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 -central air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central coal CHP,FOM,1.6316,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central coal CHP,VOM,2.8813,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central coal CHP,c_b,0.84,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -central coal CHP,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cv coefficient,2015.0 -central coal CHP,efficiency,0.535,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","01 Coal CHP: Electricity efficiency, condensation mode, net",2015.0 -central coal CHP,investment,1887.7345,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central coal CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.5255,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.8255,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,efficiency,5.1,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,investment,1006.7765,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Specific investment",2015.0 -central excess-heat-sourced heat pump,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, excess heat 10 MW: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas CHP,FOM,2.1176,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP,VOM,5.2911,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP,c_b,1.2,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central gas CHP,c_v,0.17,per unit,DEA (loss of fuel for additional heat), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central gas CHP,efficiency,0.38,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central gas CHP,investment,899.4884,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central gas CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,FOM,2.1176,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,VOM,5.2911,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,c_b,1.2,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,efficiency,0.38,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,investment,899.4884,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central gas CHP CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central gas boiler,FOM,1.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central gas boiler,VOM,2.3281,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central gas boiler,efficiency,0.94,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","44 Natural Gas DH Only: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central gas boiler,investment,264.5554,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central gas boiler,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,FOM,0.5662,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,VOM,4.8936,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,investment,3943.44,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central geothermal heat source,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","45.1.b Geothermal DH, 2000m, E: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.375,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,VOM,0.3175,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Variable O&M",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,1.7,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,investment,846.5773,EUR/kW_th excluding drive energy,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Nominal investment",2015.0 -central ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,FOM,4.4444,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,efficiency,0.46,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,investment,952.3995,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -central hydrogen CHP,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central resistive heater,FOM,0.5882,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -central resistive heater,VOM,1.0582,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Variable O&M,2015.0 -central resistive heater,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","41 Electric Boilers: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 -central resistive heater,investment,179.8977,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Nominal investment; 10/15 kV; >10 MW,2015.0 -central resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -central solar thermal,FOM,1.4,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solar thermal,investment,148151.0278,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,FOM,2.723,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,VOM,5.9911,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,c_b,0.488,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency,0.24,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.48,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,investment,4585.8025,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,FOM,2.723,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,VOM,5.9911,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_b,0.488,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency,0.24,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.48,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,investment,6570.4362,EUR/kW_e,Combination of central solid biomass CHP CC and solid biomass boiler steam,,2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,FOM,2.723,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,VOM,5.9911,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_b,0.488,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency,0.24,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,efficiency-heat,0.48,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,investment,4585.8025,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -central solid biomass CHP powerboost CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -central water pit charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2020.0 -central water pit discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2020.0 -central water pit storage,Bottom storage temperature,35.0,⁰C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Typical bottom storage temperature,2020.0 -central water pit storage,FOM,0.2354,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -central water pit storage,Top storage temperature,90.0,⁰C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Typical max. storage temperature,2020.0 -central water pit storage,energy to power ratio,22.5,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2020.0 -central water pit storage,investment,1.0622,EUR/kWh Capacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Specific investment,2020.0 -central water pit storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -central water pit storage,standing losses,0.0097,%/hour,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Energy losses during storage,2020.0 -central water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2020.0 -central water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2020.0 -central water tank storage,FOM,1.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -central water tank storage,energy to power ratio,59.434,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2020.0 -central water tank storage,investment,8.177,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Specific investment,2020.0 -central water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -central water tank storage,standing losses,0.0101,%/hour,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Energy losses during storage,2020.0 -central water tank storage,temperature difference,60.0,"hot/cold, K","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",141 Large hot water tank: Typical temperature difference,2020.0 -clean water tank storage,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0 -clean water tank storage,investment,69.1286,EUR/m^3-H2O,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2013.0 -clean water tank storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",, -coal,CO2 intensity,0.3361,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid-Emissionen des deutschen Strommix in den Jahren 1990 - 2018,, -coal,FOM,1.31,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100.",2023.0 -coal,VOM,3.2612,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3+5.5)USD/MWh_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR).",2023.0 -coal,efficiency,0.356,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. 1 / ((8.75+12) MMbtu/MWh_th /2 / (3.4095 MMbtu/MWh_th)), rounded up.",2023.0 -coal,fuel,9.5542,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on IEA 2011 data, 99 USD/t.",2010.0 -coal,investment,3827.1629,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Higher costs include coal plants with CCS, but since using here for calculating the average nevertheless. Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3200+6775) USD/kW_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR).",2023.0 -coal,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 -csp-tower,FOM,1.4,%/year,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power),Ratio between CAPEX and FOM from ATB database for “moderate” scenario.,2020.0 -csp-tower,investment,99.38,"EUR/kW_th,dp",ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include solar field and solar tower as well as EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant). Total costs (223,708,924 USD) are divided by active area (heliostat reflective area, 1,269,054 m2) and multiplied by design point DNI (0.95 kW/m2) to obtain EUR/kW_th. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR.",2020.0 -csp-tower,lifetime,30.0,years,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power),-,2020.0 -csp-tower TES,FOM,1.4,%/year,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -csp-tower TES,investment,13.32,EUR/kWh_th,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include the TES incl. EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant, 2.791 MW_th TES). Total costs (69390776.7 USD) are divided by TES size to obtain EUR/kW_th. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR.",2020.0 -csp-tower TES,lifetime,30.0,years,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -csp-tower power block,FOM,1.4,%/year,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -csp-tower power block,investment,696.2,EUR/kW_e,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include the power cycle incl. BOP and EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant). Total costs (135185685.5 USD) are divided by power block nameplate capacity size to obtain EUR/kW_e. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR.",2020.0 -csp-tower power block,lifetime,30.0,years,see solar-tower.,-,2020.0 -decentral CHP,FOM,3.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral CHP,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral CHP,investment,1481.5103,EUR/kWel,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,FOM,2.4583,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.1,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.3 Air to water existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,846.5773,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,FOM,5.4388,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,efficiency,0.98,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","202 Natural gas boiler: Total efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,investment,120.9396,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler connection,investment,90.7047,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Possible additional specific investment,2015.0 -decentral gas boiler connection,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,1.8438,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.6,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.7 Ground source existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house",2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,1128.7697,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Specific investment,2015.0 -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,FOM,2.0,%/year,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,investment,165.0975,EUR/kWth,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf) (+eigene Berechnung), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral oil boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,FOM,2.0,%/year,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,investment,105.8222,EUR/kWhth,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,FOM,1.3,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,investment,285719.8393,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank charger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Charger efficiency,2020.0 -decentral water tank discharger,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Discharger efficiency,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,FOM,1.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,VOM,1.2289,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Variable O&M,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -decentral water tank storage,energy to power ratio,0.475,h,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Ratio between energy storage and input capacity,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,investment,133.127,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Specific investment,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,standing losses,1.0,%/hour,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Energy losses during storage,2020.0 -decentral water tank storage,temperature difference,60.0,"hot/cold, K","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",142 Small scale hot water tank: Typical temperature difference,2020.0 -digestible biomass,fuel,17.0611,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOAGRW1, ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0 -digestible biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -digestible biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -digestible biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.39,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, -digestible biomass to hydrogen,investment,2648.1996,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -direct air capture,FOM,4.95,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,compression-electricity-input,0.15,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,compression-heat-output,0.2,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,electricity-input,0.4,MWh_el/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","0.4 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 0.182 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019). Should already include electricity for water scrubbing and compression (high quality CO2 output).",2020.0 -direct air capture,heat-input,1.6,MWh_th/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","Thermal energy demand. Provided via air-sourced heat pumps. 1.6 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 1.102 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019).",2020.0 -direct air capture,heat-output,1.0,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,investment,7000000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct air capture,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 -direct firing gas,FOM,1.0303,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas,VOM,0.282,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing gas,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing gas,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,FOM,1.0303,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,VOM,0.282,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing gas CC,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,FOM,1.4091,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,VOM,0.3351,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,FOM,1.4091,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,VOM,0.3351,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Based on https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/capesize-freight-returns-below-operating-expense-levels-but-shipowners-reject-lay-ups/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","5000 USD/d OPEX, exchange rate: 1.15 USD = 1 EUR; absolute value calculate relative to investment cost.",2020.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,capacity,180000.0,t,-,"DWT; corresponds to size of Capesize bulk carriers which have previously docked at the habour in Hamburg, Germany. Short of 200 kt limit for VLBCs.",2020.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,investment,40000000.0,EUR,"Based on https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/dry-bulk-carriers-in-high-demand-as-rates-keep-rallying/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","See figure for ‘Dry Bulk Newbuild Prices’, Capesize at end of 2020. Exchange rate: 1.15 USD = 1 EUR.",2020.0 -dry bulk carrier Capesize,lifetime,25.0,years,"Based on https://mfame.guru/fall-life-expectancy-bulk-carriers/, accessed: 2022-12-03.",Expected lifetime.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,FOM,30.0,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","EAF has high OPEX of 62.99 EUR/year/t_steel, presumably because of electrode corrosion.",2020.0 -electric arc furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,electricity-input,0.6395,MWh_el/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘EAF’. ,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,hbi-input,1.0,t_hbi/t_steel,-,Assume HBI instead of scrap as input.Scrap would require higher input (in tonnes) as steel content is lower.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,investment,1839600.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",210 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘EAF’.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,FOM,30.0,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","EAF has high OPEX of 62.99 EUR/year/t_steel, presumably because of electrode corrosion.",2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,electricity-input,0.6395,MWh_el/t_steel,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘EAF’. ,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,hbi-input,0.37,t_hbi/t_steel,"World Steel Association, Fact Sheet – Steel and raw materials: https://worldsteel.org/wp-content/uploads/Fact-sheet-raw-materials-2023-1.pdf, Accessed 2024-04-17.",Assume HBI instead of scrap as input.Scrap would require higher input (in tonnes) as steel content is lower.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,investment,1839600.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",210 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘EAF’.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,scrap-input,0.71,t_scrap/t_steel,"World Steel Association, Fact Sheet – Steel and raw materials: https://worldsteel.org/wp-content/uploads/Fact-sheet-raw-materials-2023-1.pdf, Accessed 2024-04-17.",,2020.0 -electric boiler steam,FOM,1.3143,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Fixed O&M,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,VOM,0.7855,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Variable O&M,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,efficiency,0.98,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","310.1 Electric boiler steam : Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -electric boiler steam,investment,70.49,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Nominal investment,2019.0 -electric boiler steam,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Technical lifetime,2019.0 -electric steam cracker,FOM,3.0,%/year,Guesstimate,,2015.0 -electric steam cracker,VOM,190.4799,EUR/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",,2015.0 -electric steam cracker,carbondioxide-output,0.55,t_CO2/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), ",The report also references another source with 0.76 t_CO2/t_HVC, -electric steam cracker,electricity-input,2.7,MWh_el/t_HVC,"Lechtenböhmer et al. (2016): 10.1016/j.energy.2016.07.110, Section 4.3, page 6.",Assuming electrified processing., -electric steam cracker,investment,11124025.7434,EUR/(t_HVC/h),"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",Assuming CAPEX of 1200 €/t actually given in €/(t/a).,2015.0 -electric steam cracker,lifetime,30.0,years,Guesstimate,, -electric steam cracker,naphtha-input,14.8,MWh_naphtha/t_HVC,"Lechtenböhmer et al. (2016): 10.1016/j.energy.2016.07.110, Section 4.3, page 6.",, -electricity distribution grid,FOM,2.0,%/year,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity distribution grid,investment,529.1108,EUR/kW,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity distribution grid,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity grid connection,FOM,2.0,%/year,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity grid connection,investment,148.151,EUR/kW,DEA, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electricity grid connection,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -electrobiofuels,C in fuel,0.9316,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,FOM,100.0,%/year,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2015.0 -electrobiofuels,VOM,2.0754,EUR/MWh_th,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2017.0 -electrobiofuels,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -electrobiofuels,efficiency-biomass,1.3283,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,efficiency-hydrogen,1.2971,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,efficiency-tot,0.6563,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation,, -electrobiofuels,investment,322224.6071,EUR/kW_th,combination of BtL and electrofuels,,2017.0 -electrolysis,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 -electrolysis,efficiency,0.7157,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 -electrolysis,efficiency-heat,0.1099,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 -electrolysis,investment,1000.0,EUR/kW_e,private communications; IEA https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/9e0c82d4-06d2-496b-9542-f184ba803645/TheRoleofE-fuelsinDecarbonisingTransport.pdf,,2020.0 -electrolysis,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100 MW: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -electrolysis small,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Fixed O&M ,2020.0 -electrolysis small,efficiency,0.7157,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Hydrogen Output,2020.0 -electrolysis small,efficiency-heat,0.1099,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: - hereof recoverable for district heating,2020.0 -electrolysis small,investment,375.0,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Specific investment,2020.0 -electrolysis small,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 10 MW: Technical lifetime of plant,2020.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,FOM,7.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.94,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.12,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,investment,928559.735,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 36 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 342000 t/year",2019.0 -ethanol carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -ethanol from starch crop,FOM,16.4,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original values FIXOM in MEUR/GW divided by INVCOST for the corresponding year",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,VOM,26.3497,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value 6.93 MEUR/PJ VAROM",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,efficiency,0.58,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production. Converted from 0.35 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,investment,603376.8073,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2015.0 -ethanol from starch crop,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for USA and European production,2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,FOM,19.51,%/year,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original values FIXOM in MEUR/GW divided by INVCOST for the corresponding year",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,VOM,23.1751,EUR/MWh_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production, original value 6.09 MEUR/PJ VAROM",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,efficiency,0.45,p.u.,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production. Converted from 0.292 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,investment,446537.78,EUR/MW_eth,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW",2015.0 -ethanol from sugar crops,lifetime,20.0,years,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for Brazilian production,2015.0 -fuel cell,FOM,4.4444,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient,2015.0 -fuel cell,efficiency,0.46,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -fuel cell,investment,952.3995,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment,2015.0 -fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -fuelwood,fuel,11.9967,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOO (FuelwoodRW), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 -gas,CO2 intensity,0.198,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 50 GJ/t CH4,, -gas,fuel,24.568,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -gas boiler steam,FOM,3.74,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,VOM,1.007,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -gas boiler steam,investment,45.7727,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 -gas boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -gas storage,FOM,0.5368,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",150 Underground Storage of Gas: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -gas storage,investment,0.2366,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",150 Underground Storage of Gas: Specific investment,2020.0 -gas storage,lifetime,100.0,years,TODO no source,"150 Underground Storage of Gas: estimation: most underground storage are already built, they do have a long lifetime",2020.0 -gas storage charger,investment,15.2479,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",,2020.0 -gas storage discharger,investment,5.0826,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",,2020.0 -geothermal,CO2 intensity,0.12,tCO2/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",Likely to be improved; Average of 85 percent of global egs power plant capacity; Result of fluid circulation through rock formations,2020.0 -geothermal,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",See Supplemental Material of source for details,2020.0 -geothermal,district heat surcharge,25.0,%,Frey et al. 2022: Techno-Economic Assessment of Geothermal Resources in the Variscan Basement of the Northern Upper Rhine Graben,"If capital cost of electric generation from EGS is 100%, district heating adds additional 25%. Costs incurred by piping.",2020.0 -geothermal,district heat-input,0.8,MWh_thdh/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, District Heat-output. This is an assessment of typical heat losses when heat is transmitted from the EGS plant to the DH network, This is a rough estimate, depends on local conditions",2020.0 -geothermal,lifetime,30.0,years,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",,2020.0 -helmeth,FOM,3.0,%/year,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -helmeth,efficiency,0.8,per unit,HELMETH press release, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -helmeth,investment,2116.4433,EUR/kW,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -helmeth,lifetime,25.0,years,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -home battery inverter,FOM,0.216,%/year,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -home battery inverter,efficiency,0.95,per unit,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC,2020.0 -home battery inverter,investment,387.3814,EUR/kW,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment,2020.0 -home battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -home battery storage,investment,270.9904,EUR/kWh,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2020.0 -home battery storage,lifetime,15.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -hydro,FOM,1.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -hydro,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -hydro,investment,2274.8177,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 -hydro,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,FOM,11.3,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","55.28 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ OPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15).",,2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,electricity-input,1.03,MWh_el/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ reduced by electricity demand of process ‘EAF’.,2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,hydrogen-input,2.1,MWh_H2/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2022-12-05). ","63 kg H2/t steel for process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ according to documentation (raw input files for MPP model list 73 kg H2 / t steel, which seems to high and is probably incorrect).",2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,investment,4277858.0,EUR/t_HBI/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","488.34 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ CAPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,ore-input,1.59,t_ore/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03). ",Based on process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’.,2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,compression-electricity-input,0.05,MWh_el/MWh_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.",1.707 kWh/kg.,2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,investment,87.69,EUR/kW_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.","2923 EUR/kg_H2. For a 206 kg/h compressor. Base CAPEX 40 528 EUR/kW_el with scale factor 0.4603. kg_H2 converted to MWh using LHV. Pressure range: 30 bar in, 250 bar out.",2020.0 -hydrogen storage compressor,lifetime,15.0,years,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,investment,13.5,EUR/kWh_H2,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.","450 EUR/kg_H2 converted with LHV to MWh. For a type 1 hydrogen storage tank (steel, 15-250 bar). Currency year assumed 2020 for initial publication of reference; observe note in SI.4.3 that no currency year is explicitly stated in the reference.",2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,lifetime,20.0,years,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1,min_fill_level,6.0,%,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,FOM,1.2766,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,investment,37.4848,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Specific investment,2020.0 -hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,FOM,0.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Fixed O&M,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,VOM,0.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Variable O&M,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,investment,1.0634,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Specific investment,2020.0 -hydrogen storage underground,lifetime,100.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Technical lifetime,2020.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,FOM,0.0857,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,VOM,3.1418,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Variable O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,efficiency,3.05,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,investment,845.88,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Nominal investment,2019.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,FOM,0.1029,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,VOM,3.1418,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Variable O&M,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,efficiency,2.55,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,investment,704.9,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment,2019.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -iron ore DRI-ready,commodity,97.73,EUR/t,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://missionpossiblepartnership.org/action-sectors/steel/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","DRI ready assumes 65% iron content, requiring no additional benefication.",2020.0 -iron-air battery,FOM,1.1808,%/year,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery,investment,11.1494,EUR/kWh,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery,lifetime,17.5,years,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery charge,efficiency,0.74,per unit,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -iron-air battery discharge,efficiency,0.63,per unit,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",,2023.0 -lignite,CO2 intensity,0.4069,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid-Emissionen des deutschen Strommix in den Jahren 1990 - 2018,, -lignite,FOM,1.31,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,VOM,3.2612,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3+5.5)USD/MWh_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR). Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,efficiency,0.33,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. 1 / ((8.75+12) MMbtu/MWh_th /2 / (3.4095 MMbtu/MWh_th)), rounded up. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,fuel,3.2985,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on IEA 2011 data, 10 USD/t.",2010.0 -lignite,investment,3827.1629,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Higher costs include coal plants with CCS, but since using here for calculating the average nevertheless. Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3200+6775) USD/kW_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR). Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf .",2023.0 -lignite,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -methanation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.2.3.1",,2017.0 -methanation,carbondioxide-input,0.198,t_CO2/MWh_CH4,"Götz et al. (2016): Renewable Power-to-Gas: A technological and economic review (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2015.07.066), Fig. 11 .",Additional H2 required for methanation process (2x H2 amount compared to stochiometric conversion)., -methanation,efficiency,0.8,per unit,Palzer and Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -methanation,hydrogen-input,1.282,MWh_H2/MWh_CH4,,Based on ideal conversion process of stochiometric composition (1 t CH4 contains 750 kg of carbon)., -methanation,investment,519.7389,EUR/kW_CH4,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 6: “Reference scenario”.",,2017.0 -methanation,lifetime,20.0,years,Guesstimate.,"Based on lifetime for methanolisation, Fischer-Tropsch plants.",2017.0 -methane storage tank incl. compressor,FOM,1.9,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor by DEA.",Based on assumptions for hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor (by DEA).,2014.0 -methane storage tank incl. compressor,investment,8961.5075,EUR/m^3,Storage costs per l: https://www.compositesworld.com/articles/pressure-vessels-for-alternative-fuels-2014-2023 (2021-02-10).,"Assume 5USD/l (= 4.23 EUR/l at 1.17 USD/EUR exchange rate) for type 1 pressure vessel for 200 bar storage and 100% surplus costs for including compressor costs with storage, based on similar assumptions by DEA for compressed hydrogen storage tanks.",2014.0 -methane storage tank incl. compressor,lifetime,30.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor by DEA.",Based on assumptions for hydrogen storage tank 1 including compressor (by DEA).,2014.0 -methanol,CO2 intensity,0.2482,tCO2/MWh_th,,, -methanol-to-kerosene,FOM,4.5,%/year,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",,2020.0 -methanol-to-kerosene,VOM,1.35,EUR/MWh_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",,2020.0 -methanol-to-kerosene,hydrogen-input,0.0279,MWh_H2/MWh_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 6.","Assuming LHV 11.94 kWh/kg for kerosene, 5.54 kWh/kg for methanol, 33.3 kWh/kg for hydrogen.", -methanol-to-kerosene,investment,200000.0,EUR/MW_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",,2020.0 -methanol-to-kerosene,lifetime,30.0,years,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",, -methanol-to-kerosene,methanol-input,1.0764,MWh_MeOH/MWh_kerosene,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 6.","Assuming LHV 11.94 kWh/kg for kerosene, 5.54 kWh/kg for methanol, 33.3 kWh/kg for hydrogen.", -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,FOM,3.0,%/year,Guesstimate,same as steam cracker,2015.0 -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,VOM,31.7466,EUR/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35", ,2015.0 -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,carbondioxide-output,0.6107,t_CO2/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Sections 4.5 (for ethylene and propylene) and 4.6 (for BTX)","Weighted average: 0.4 t_MeOH/t_ethylene+propylene for 21.7 Mt of ethylene and 17 Mt of propylene, 1.13 t_CO2/t_BTX for 15.7 Mt of BTX. The report also references process emissions of 0.55 t_MeOH/t_ethylene+propylene elsewhere. ", -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,electricity-input,1.3889,MWh_el/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), page 69",5 GJ/t_HVC , -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,investment,2781006.4359,EUR/(t_HVC/h),"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",Assuming CAPEX of 1200 €/t actually given in €/(t/a).,2015.0 -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,lifetime,30.0,years,Guesstimate,same as steam cracker, -methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,methanol-input,18.03,MWh_MeOH/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Sections 4.5 (for ethylene and propylene) and 4.6 (for BTX)","Weighted average: 2.83 t_MeOH/t_ethylene+propylene for 21.7 Mt of ethylene and 17 Mt of propylene, 4.2 t_MeOH/t_BTX for 15.7 Mt of BTX. Assuming 5.54 MWh_MeOH/t_MeOH. ", -methanolisation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.1.",,2017.0 -methanolisation,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -methanolisation,carbondioxide-input,0.248,t_CO2/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 66.",, -methanolisation,electricity-input,0.271,MWh_e/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 65.",, -methanolisation,heat-output,0.1,MWh_th/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 65.",steam generation of 2 GJ/t_MeOH, -methanolisation,hydrogen-input,1.138,MWh_H2/MWh_MeOH,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 64.",189 kg_H2 per t_MeOH, -methanolisation,investment,519738.882,EUR/MW_MeOH,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 8: “Reference scenario”.","Well developed technology, no significant learning expected.",2017.0 -methanolisation,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (04/2022), Data sheet “Methanol to Power”.",,2017.0 -micro CHP,FOM,7.2727,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -micro CHP,efficiency,0.31,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Electric efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -micro CHP,efficiency-heat,0.609,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Heat efficiency, annual average, net",2015.0 -micro CHP,investment,9584.3155,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Specific investment,2015.0 -micro CHP,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,FOM,11.3,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,economic_lifetime,20.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,gas-input,2.78,MWh_NG/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",Original value 10 GJ/t_DRI.,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,investment,4277858.0,EUR/t_HBI/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.","488.34 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ CAPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",,2020.0 -natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,ore-input,1.59,t_ore/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",, -nuclear,FOM,1.27,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (131.5+152.75)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) relative to investment costs.",2023.0 -nuclear,VOM,3.5464,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (4.25+5)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 -nuclear,efficiency,0.326,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on heat rate of 10.45 MMBtu/MWh_e and 3.4095 MMBtu/MWh_th, i.e. 1/(10.45/3.4095) = 0.3260.",2023.0 -nuclear,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -nuclear,investment,8594.1354,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (8475+13925)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 -nuclear,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 -offwind,FOM,3.3799,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Fixed O&M [EUR/MW_e/y, 2020]",2020.0 -offwind,VOM,0.0212,EUR/MWhel,RES costs made up to fix curtailment order, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind,investment,1464.5248,"EUR/kW_e, 2020","Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Nominal investment [MEUR/MW_e, 2020] grid connection costs subtracted from investment costs",2020.0 -offwind,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2841.3251,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,1420.1334,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-ac-station,investment,264.5554,EUR/kWel,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2116.4433,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,1058.2216,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017; average + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-dc-station,investment,423.2887,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017; assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -offwind-float,FOM,1.39,%/year,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0 -offwind-float,investment,1580.0,EUR/kWel,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,,2020.0 -offwind-float,lifetime,20.0,years,C. Maienza 2020 A life cycle cost model for floating offshore wind farms,,2020.0 -offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2118.5597,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf,,2014.0 -offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,1039.4778,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017, average + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 -offwind-float-station,investment,415.7911,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017, assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction,2017.0 -oil,CO2 intensity,0.2571,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 44 GJ/t diesel and -CH2- approximation of diesel,, -oil,FOM,1.8535,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -oil,VOM,8.9949,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0 -oil,efficiency,0.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","50 Diesel engine farm: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -oil,fuel,52.9111,EUR/MWhth,IEA WEM2017 97USD/boe = http://www.iea.org/media/weowebsite/2017/WEM_Documentation_WEO2017.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -oil,investment,462.2312,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Specific investment,2015.0 -oil,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -onwind,FOM,1.1403,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -onwind,VOM,1.5429,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Variable O&M,2015.0 -onwind,investment,1262.842,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Nominal investment ,2015.0 -onwind,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -organic rankine cycle,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551","Both for flash, binary and ORC plants. See Supplemental Material for details",2020.0 -organic rankine cycle,electricity-input,0.12,MWh_el/MWh_th,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, Electricity-output. This is a rough estimate, depends on input temperature, implies ~150 C.",2020.0 -organic rankine cycle,investment,1376.0,EUR/kW_el,Tartiere and Astolfi 2017: A world overview of the organic Rankine cycle market,"Low rollout complicates the estimation, compounded by a dependence both on plant size and temperature, converted from 1500 USD/kW using currency conversion 1.09 USD = 1 EUR.",2020.0 -organic rankine cycle,lifetime,30.0,years,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",,2020.0 -ror,FOM,2.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -ror,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -ror,investment,3412.2266,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2010.0 -ror,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -seawater RO desalination,electricity-input,0.003,MWHh_el/t_H2O,"Caldera et al. (2016): Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Fig. 4.",Desalination using SWRO. Assume medium salinity of 35 Practical Salinity Units (PSUs) = 35 kg/m^3., -seawater desalination,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",,2015.0 -seawater desalination,electricity-input,3.0348,kWh/m^3-H2O,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Fig. 4.",, -seawater desalination,investment,22249.7881,EUR/(m^3-H2O/h),"Caldera et al 2017: Learning Curve for Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination Plants: Capital Cost Trend of the Past, Present, and Future (https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR021402), Table 4.",,2015.0 -seawater desalination,lifetime,30.0,years,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.",, -shipping fuel methanol,CO2 intensity,0.2482,tCO2/MWh_th,-,Based on stochiometric composition.,2020.0 -shipping fuel methanol,fuel,72.0,EUR/MWh_th,"Based on (source 1) Hampp et al (2022), https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.01092, and (source 2): https://www.methanol.org/methanol-price-supply-demand/; both accessed: 2022-12-03.",400 EUR/t assuming range roughly in the long-term range for green methanol (source 1) and late 2020+beyond values for grey methanol (source 2).,2020.0 -solar,FOM,1.6574,%/year,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop' and 50% 'solar-utility',2020.0 -solar,VOM,0.0106,EUR/MWhel,RES costs made up to fix curtailment order, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -solar,investment,558.6452,EUR/kW_e,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop' and 50% 'solar-utility',2020.0 -solar,lifetime,40.0,years,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop' and 50% 'solar-utility',2020.0 -solar-rooftop,FOM,1.291,%/year,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop,discount rate,0.04,per unit,standard for decentral, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -solar-rooftop,investment,717.0572,EUR/kW_e,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop,lifetime,40.0,years,Calculated. See 'further description'.,Mixed investment costs based on average of 50% 'solar-rooftop commercial' and 50% 'solar-rooftop residential',2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,FOM,1.4124,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,investment,587.6607,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-rooftop commercial,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,FOM,1.1696,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,investment,846.4537,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-rooftop residential,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-utility,FOM,2.0238,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-utility,investment,400.2333,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-utility,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,FOM,2.0963,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,investment,472.2701,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e],2020.0 -solar-utility single-axis tracking,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 -solid biomass,CO2 intensity,0.3667,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 18 GJ/t_DM LHV and 50% C-content for solid biomass,, -solid biomass,fuel,13.6489,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOOW1 (secondary forest residue wood chips), ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,FOM,6.2831,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,VOM,2.8679,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,investment,540.1182,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,FOM,6.2831,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,VOM,2.8679,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,investment,540.1182,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 -solid biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -solid biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -solid biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.56,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, -solid biomass to hydrogen,investment,2648.1996,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,FOM,5.0,%/year,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",CO2 volume captured / (Stream flowrate * Max. capacity utilization * CO2 in exhaust * 8760),2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,investment,3561435.753,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 1342 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 3324000 t/year",2019.0 -steel carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -uranium,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -waste CHP,FOM,2.2977,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -waste CHP,VOM,34.0229,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -waste CHP,c_b,0.3382,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP,efficiency,0.17,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP,investment,9303.1573,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -waste CHP,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,FOM,2.2977,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,VOM,34.0229,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,c_b,0.3382,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cv coefficient",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,efficiency,0.17,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,efficiency-heat,0.7,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,investment,9303.1573,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 -waste CHP CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -water tank charger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -water tank discharger,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 diff --git a/ariadne-data/costs_2019-modifications.csv b/ariadne-data/costs_2019-modifications.csv deleted file mode 100644 index c6b32c759..000000000 --- a/ariadne-data/costs_2019-modifications.csv +++ /dev/null @@ -1,27 +0,0 @@ -technology,parameter,value,unit,source,further description -gas,fuel,16.0,EUR/MWh_th,Ariadne, -oil,fuel,33.2457,EUR2020/MWh,Ariadne,"$2020 = 0.8775 EUR2020, 1bbl = 1.6998MWh" -coal,fuel,6.7391,EUR2020/MWh,Ariadne,"$2020 = 0.8775 EUR2020, 1t = 8.06 MWh" -decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,1685,EUR2020/kW_th,https://ariadneprojekt.de/media/2024/01/Ariadne-Analyse_HeizkostenEmissionenGebaeude_Januar2024.pdf https://www.enpal.de/waermepumpe/kosten/ https://www.bdew.de/media/documents/BDEW-HKV_Altbau.pdf -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,2774,EUR2020/kW_th,https://ariadneprojekt.de/media/2024/01/Ariadne-Analyse_HeizkostenEmissionenGebaeude_Januar2024.pdf https://www.enpal.de/waermepumpe/kosten/ https://www.bdew.de/media/documents/BDEW-HKV_Altbau.pdf -electricity distribution grid,investment,1500,EUR2020/kW,oriented towards JRC-EU-TIMES -HVAC overhead,investment,472,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021,"Assuming High Temperature Low Sag Cables with higher Amperage" -HVAC overhead,investment,772,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2023,"Assuming High Temperature Low Sag Cables with higher Amperage" -offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,3786,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021,"220kv, 1A, 2 circuits, 3 phases, inflation" -offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2488,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2023, -offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,3786,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021, -offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,2488,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2023, -offwind-ac-station,investment,697,EUR2020/kW,NEP2021,"cost of two stations, landseitig and seeseitig" -offwind-ac-station,investment,722,EUR2020/kW,NEP2023,"cost of two stations, landseitig and seeseitig" -HVDC inverter pair,investment,597015,EUR2020/MW,NEP2021+NEP2023 -HVDC overhead,investment,995,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021+NEP2023 -HVDC underground,investment,3234,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021, -HVDC underground,investment,2978,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2023, -HVDC submarine,investment,3234,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021,"set equal to HVDC underground" -HVDC submarine,investment,2978,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2023,"set equal to HVDC underground" -offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,1990,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021,"DC 525kv seeseitig" -offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2708,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2023,"DC 525kv seeseitig" -offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,3234,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021,"DC 525kv landseitig" -offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,3430,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2023,"DC 525kv landseitig" -offwind-dc-station,investment,746,EUR2020/kW,NEP2021,"cost of two stations, landseitig and seeseitig" -offwind-dc-station,investment,903,EUR2020/kW,NEP2023,"cost of two stations, landseitig and seeseitig" diff --git a/ariadne-data/costs_2020-modifications.csv b/ariadne-data/costs_2020-modifications.csv deleted file mode 100644 index 5b348ea48..000000000 --- a/ariadne-data/costs_2020-modifications.csv +++ /dev/null @@ -1,27 +0,0 @@ -technology,parameter,value,unit,source,further description -gas,fuel,11.2,EUR/MWh_th,Ariadne, -oil,fuel,22.1982,EUR2020/MWh,Ariadne,"$2020 = 0.8775 EUR2020, 1bbl = 1.6998MWh" -coal,fuel,5.7048,EUR2020/MWh,Ariadne,"$2020 = 0.8775 EUR2020, 1t = 8.06 MWh" -decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,1685,EUR2020/kW_th,https://ariadneprojekt.de/media/2024/01/Ariadne-Analyse_HeizkostenEmissionenGebaeude_Januar2024.pdf https://www.enpal.de/waermepumpe/kosten/ https://www.bdew.de/media/documents/BDEW-HKV_Altbau.pdf -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,2774,EUR2020/kW_th,https://ariadneprojekt.de/media/2024/01/Ariadne-Analyse_HeizkostenEmissionenGebaeude_Januar2024.pdf https://www.enpal.de/waermepumpe/kosten/ https://www.bdew.de/media/documents/BDEW-HKV_Altbau.pdf -electricity distribution grid,investment,1500,EUR2020/kW,oriented towards JRC-EU-TIMES -HVAC overhead,investment,472,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021,"Assuming High Temperature Low Sag Cables with higher Amperage" -HVAC overhead,investment,772,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2023,"Assuming High Temperature Low Sag Cables with higher Amperage" -offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,3786,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021,"220kv, 1A, 2 circuits, 3 phases, inflation" -offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2488,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2023, -offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,3786,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021, -offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,2488,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2023, -offwind-ac-station,investment,697,EUR2020/kW,NEP2021,"cost of two stations, landseitig and seeseitig" -offwind-ac-station,investment,722,EUR2020/kW,NEP2023,"cost of two stations, landseitig and seeseitig" -HVDC inverter pair,investment,597015,EUR2020/MW,NEP2021+NEP2023 -HVDC overhead,investment,995,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021+NEP2023 -HVDC underground,investment,3234,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021, -HVDC underground,investment,2978,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2023, -HVDC submarine,investment,3234,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021,"set equal to HVDC underground" -HVDC submarine,investment,2978,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2023,"set equal to HVDC underground" -offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,1990,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021,"DC 525kv seeseitig" -offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2708,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2023,"DC 525kv seeseitig" -offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,3234,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021,"DC 525kv landseitig" -offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,3430,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2023,"DC 525kv landseitig" -offwind-dc-station,investment,746,EUR2020/kW,NEP2021,"cost of two stations, landseitig and seeseitig" -offwind-dc-station,investment,903,EUR2020/kW,NEP2023,"cost of two stations, landseitig and seeseitig" diff --git a/ariadne-data/costs_2025-modifications.csv b/ariadne-data/costs_2025-modifications.csv deleted file mode 100644 index 8fe241d25..000000000 --- a/ariadne-data/costs_2025-modifications.csv +++ /dev/null @@ -1,27 +0,0 @@ -technology,parameter,value,unit,source,further description -gas,fuel,40,EUR/MWh_th,Ariadne, -oil,fuel,32.9876,EUR2020/MWh,Ariadne,"$2020 = 0.8775 EUR2020, 1bbl = 1.6998MWh" -coal,fuel,10.6694,EUR2020/MWh,Ariadne,"$2020 = 0.8775 EUR2020, 1t = 8.06 MWh" -decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,1604,EUR2020/kW_th,https://ariadneprojekt.de/media/2024/01/Ariadne-Analyse_HeizkostenEmissionenGebaeude_Januar2024.pdf https://www.enpal.de/waermepumpe/kosten/ https://www.bdew.de/media/documents/BDEW-HKV_Altbau.pdf and cost reduction from DEA -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,2682,EUR2020/kW_th,https://ariadneprojekt.de/media/2024/01/Ariadne-Analyse_HeizkostenEmissionenGebaeude_Januar2024.pdf https://www.enpal.de/waermepumpe/kosten/ https://www.bdew.de/media/documents/BDEW-HKV_Altbau.pdf and cost reduction from DEA -electricity distribution grid,investment,1500,EUR2020/kW,oriented towards JRC-EU-TIMES -HVAC overhead,investment,472,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021,"Assuming High Temperature Low Sag Cables with higher Amperage" -HVAC overhead,investment,772,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2023,"Assuming High Temperature Low Sag Cables with higher Amperage" -offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,3786,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021,"220kv, 1A, 2 circuits, 3 phases, inflation" -offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2488,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2023, -offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,3786,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021, -offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,2488,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2023, -offwind-ac-station,investment,697,EUR2020/kW,NEP2021,"cost of two stations, landseitig and seeseitig" -offwind-ac-station,investment,722,EUR2020/kW,NEP2023,"cost of two stations, landseitig and seeseitig" -HVDC inverter pair,investment,597015,EUR2020/MW,NEP2021+NEP2023 -HVDC overhead,investment,995,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021+NEP2023 -HVDC underground,investment,3234,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021, -HVDC underground,investment,2978,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2023, -HVDC submarine,investment,3234,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021,"set equal to HVDC underground" -HVDC submarine,investment,2978,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2023,"set equal to HVDC underground" -offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,1990,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021,"DC 525kv seeseitig" -offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2708,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2023,"DC 525kv seeseitig" -offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,3234,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021,"DC 525kv landseitig" -offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,3430,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2023,"DC 525kv landseitig" -offwind-dc-station,investment,746,EUR2020/kW,NEP2021,"cost of two stations, landseitig and seeseitig" -offwind-dc-station,investment,903,EUR2020/kW,NEP2023,"cost of two stations, landseitig and seeseitig" diff --git a/ariadne-data/costs_2030-modifications.csv b/ariadne-data/costs_2030-modifications.csv deleted file mode 100644 index 0d202e8f3..000000000 --- a/ariadne-data/costs_2030-modifications.csv +++ /dev/null @@ -1,27 +0,0 @@ -technology,parameter,value,unit,source,further description -gas,fuel,22.3,EUR/MWh_th,Ariadne, -oil,fuel,38.821,EUR2020/MWh,Ariadne,"$2020 = 0.8775 EUR2020, 1bbl = 1.6998MWh" -coal,fuel,6.2056,EUR2020/MWh,Ariadne,"$2020 = 0.8775 EUR2020, 1t = 8.06 MWh" -decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,1523,EUR2020/kW_th,https://ariadneprojekt.de/media/2024/01/Ariadne-Analyse_HeizkostenEmissionenGebaeude_Januar2024.pdf https://www.enpal.de/waermepumpe/kosten/ https://www.bdew.de/media/documents/BDEW-HKV_Altbau.pdf and cost reduction from DEA -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,2589,EUR2020/kW_th,https://ariadneprojekt.de/media/2024/01/Ariadne-Analyse_HeizkostenEmissionenGebaeude_Januar2024.pdf https://www.enpal.de/waermepumpe/kosten/ https://www.bdew.de/media/documents/BDEW-HKV_Altbau.pdf and cost reduction from DEA -electricity distribution grid,investment,1500,EUR2020/kW,oriented towards JRC-EU-TIMES -HVAC overhead,investment,472,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021,"Assuming High Temperature Low Sag Cables with higher Amperage" -HVAC overhead,investment,772,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2023,"Assuming High Temperature Low Sag Cables with higher Amperage" -offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,3786,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021,"220kv, 1A, 2 circuits, 3 phases, inflation" -offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2488,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2023, -offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,3786,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021, -offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,2488,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2023, -offwind-ac-station,investment,697,EUR2020/kW,NEP2021,"cost of two stations, landseitig and seeseitig" -offwind-ac-station,investment,722,EUR2020/kW,NEP2023,"cost of two stations, landseitig and seeseitig" -HVDC inverter pair,investment,597015,EUR2020/MW,NEP2021+NEP2023 -HVDC overhead,investment,995,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021+NEP2023 -HVDC underground,investment,3234,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021, -HVDC underground,investment,2978,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2023, -HVDC submarine,investment,3234,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021,"set equal to HVDC underground" -HVDC submarine,investment,2978,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2023,"set equal to HVDC underground" -offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,1990,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021,"DC 525kv seeseitig" -offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2708,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2023,"DC 525kv seeseitig" -offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,3234,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021,"DC 525kv landseitig" -offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,3430,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2023,"DC 525kv landseitig" -offwind-dc-station,investment,746,EUR2020/kW,NEP2021,"cost of two stations, landseitig and seeseitig" -offwind-dc-station,investment,903,EUR2020/kW,NEP2023,"cost of two stations, landseitig and seeseitig" diff --git a/ariadne-data/costs_2035-modifications.csv b/ariadne-data/costs_2035-modifications.csv deleted file mode 100644 index 383b96cd1..000000000 --- a/ariadne-data/costs_2035-modifications.csv +++ /dev/null @@ -1,27 +0,0 @@ -technology,parameter,value,unit,source,further description -gas,fuel,22.4,EUR/MWh_th,Ariadne, -oil,fuel,38.5629,EUR2020/MWh,Ariadne,"$2020 = 0.8775 EUR2020, 1bbl = 1.6998MWh" -coal,fuel,6.2601,EUR2020/MWh,Ariadne,"$2020 = 0.8775 EUR2020, 1t = 8.06 MWh" -decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,1483,EUR2020/kW_th,https://ariadneprojekt.de/media/2024/01/Ariadne-Analyse_HeizkostenEmissionenGebaeude_Januar2024.pdf https://www.enpal.de/waermepumpe/kosten/ https://www.bdew.de/media/documents/BDEW-HKV_Altbau.pdf and cost reduction from DEA -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,2497,EUR2020/kW_th,https://ariadneprojekt.de/media/2024/01/Ariadne-Analyse_HeizkostenEmissionenGebaeude_Januar2024.pdf https://www.enpal.de/waermepumpe/kosten/ https://www.bdew.de/media/documents/BDEW-HKV_Altbau.pdf and cost reduction from DEA -electricity distribution grid,investment,1500,EUR2020/kW,oriented towards JRC-EU-TIMES -HVAC overhead,investment,472,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021,"Assuming High Temperature Low Sag Cables with higher Amperage" -HVAC overhead,investment,772,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2023,"Assuming High Temperature Low Sag Cables with higher Amperage" -offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,3786,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021,"220kv, 1A, 2 circuits, 3 phases, inflation" -offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2488,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2023, -offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,3786,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021, -offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,2488,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2023, -offwind-ac-station,investment,697,EUR2020/kW,NEP2021,"cost of two stations, landseitig and seeseitig" -offwind-ac-station,investment,722,EUR2020/kW,NEP2023,"cost of two stations, landseitig and seeseitig" -HVDC inverter pair,investment,597015,EUR2020/MW,NEP2021+NEP2023 -HVDC overhead,investment,995,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021+NEP2023 -HVDC underground,investment,3234,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021, -HVDC underground,investment,2978,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2023, -HVDC submarine,investment,3234,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021,"set equal to HVDC underground" -HVDC submarine,investment,2978,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2023,"set equal to HVDC underground" -offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,1990,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021,"DC 525kv seeseitig" -offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2708,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2023,"DC 525kv seeseitig" -offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,3234,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021,"DC 525kv landseitig" -offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,3430,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2023,"DC 525kv landseitig" -offwind-dc-station,investment,746,EUR2020/kW,NEP2021,"cost of two stations, landseitig and seeseitig" -offwind-dc-station,investment,903,EUR2020/kW,NEP2023,"cost of two stations, landseitig and seeseitig" diff --git a/ariadne-data/costs_2040-modifications.csv b/ariadne-data/costs_2040-modifications.csv deleted file mode 100644 index 06453755d..000000000 --- a/ariadne-data/costs_2040-modifications.csv +++ /dev/null @@ -1,27 +0,0 @@ -technology,parameter,value,unit,source,further description -gas,fuel,22.6,EUR/MWh_th,Ariadne, -oil,fuel,38.3564,EUR2020/MWh,Ariadne,"$2020 = 0.8775 EUR2020, 1bbl = 1.6998MWh" -coal,fuel,6.3036,EUR2020/MWh,Ariadne,"$2020 = 0.8775 EUR2020, 1t = 8.06 MWh" -decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,1442,EUR2020/kW_th,https://ariadneprojekt.de/media/2024/01/Ariadne-Analyse_HeizkostenEmissionenGebaeude_Januar2024.pdf https://www.enpal.de/waermepumpe/kosten/ https://www.bdew.de/media/documents/BDEW-HKV_Altbau.pdf and cost reduction from DEA -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,2404,EUR2020/kW_th,https://ariadneprojekt.de/media/2024/01/Ariadne-Analyse_HeizkostenEmissionenGebaeude_Januar2024.pdf https://www.enpal.de/waermepumpe/kosten/ https://www.bdew.de/media/documents/BDEW-HKV_Altbau.pdf and cost reduction from DEA -electricity distribution grid,investment,1500,EUR2020/kW,oriented towards JRC-EU-TIMES -HVAC overhead,investment,472,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021,"Assuming High Temperature Low Sag Cables with higher Amperage" -HVAC overhead,investment,772,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2023,"Assuming High Temperature Low Sag Cables with higher Amperage" -offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,3786,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021,"220kv, 1A, 2 circuits, 3 phases, inflation" -offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2488,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2023, -offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,3786,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021, -offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,2488,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2023, -offwind-ac-station,investment,697,EUR2020/kW,NEP2021,"cost of two stations, landseitig and seeseitig" -offwind-ac-station,investment,722,EUR2020/kW,NEP2023,"cost of two stations, landseitig and seeseitig" -HVDC inverter pair,investment,597015,EUR2020/MW,NEP2021+NEP2023 -HVDC overhead,investment,995,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021+NEP2023 -HVDC underground,investment,3234,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021, -HVDC underground,investment,2978,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2023, -HVDC submarine,investment,3234,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021,"set equal to HVDC underground" -HVDC submarine,investment,2978,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2023,"set equal to HVDC underground" -offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,1990,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021,"DC 525kv seeseitig" -offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2708,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2023,"DC 525kv seeseitig" -offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,3234,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021,"DC 525kv landseitig" -offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,3430,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2023,"DC 525kv landseitig" -offwind-dc-station,investment,746,EUR2020/kW,NEP2021,"cost of two stations, landseitig and seeseitig" -offwind-dc-station,investment,903,EUR2020/kW,NEP2023,"cost of two stations, landseitig and seeseitig" diff --git a/ariadne-data/costs_2045-modifications.csv b/ariadne-data/costs_2045-modifications.csv deleted file mode 100644 index 437d373c6..000000000 --- a/ariadne-data/costs_2045-modifications.csv +++ /dev/null @@ -1,27 +0,0 @@ -technology,parameter,value,unit,source,further description -gas,fuel,22.8,EUR/MWh_th,Ariadne, -oil,fuel,38.0983,EUR2020/MWh,Ariadne,"$2020 = 0.8775 EUR2020, 1bbl = 1.6998MWh" -coal,fuel,6.3472,EUR2020/MWh,Ariadne,"$2020 = 0.8775 EUR2020, 1t = 8.06 MWh" -decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,1402,EUR2020/kW_th,https://ariadneprojekt.de/media/2024/01/Ariadne-Analyse_HeizkostenEmissionenGebaeude_Januar2024.pdf https://www.enpal.de/waermepumpe/kosten/ https://www.bdew.de/media/documents/BDEW-HKV_Altbau.pdf and cost reduction from DEA -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,2312,EUR2020/kW_th,https://ariadneprojekt.de/media/2024/01/Ariadne-Analyse_HeizkostenEmissionenGebaeude_Januar2024.pdf https://www.enpal.de/waermepumpe/kosten/ https://www.bdew.de/media/documents/BDEW-HKV_Altbau.pdf and cost reduction from DEA -electricity distribution grid,investment,1500,EUR2020/kW,oriented towards JRC-EU-TIMES -HVAC overhead,investment,472,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021,"Assuming High Temperature Low Sag Cables with higher Amperage" -HVAC overhead,investment,772,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2023,"Assuming High Temperature Low Sag Cables with higher Amperage" -offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,3786,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021,"220kv, 1A, 2 circuits, 3 phases, inflation" -offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2488,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2023, -offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,3786,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021, -offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,2488,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2023, -offwind-ac-station,investment,697,EUR2020/kW,NEP2021,"cost of two stations, landseitig and seeseitig" -offwind-ac-station,investment,722,EUR2020/kW,NEP2023,"cost of two stations, landseitig and seeseitig" -HVDC inverter pair,investment,597015,EUR2020/MW,NEP2021+NEP2023 -HVDC overhead,investment,995,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021+NEP2023 -HVDC underground,investment,3234,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021, -HVDC underground,investment,2978,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2023, -HVDC submarine,investment,3234,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021,"set equal to HVDC underground" -HVDC submarine,investment,2978,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2023,"set equal to HVDC underground" -offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,1990,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021,"DC 525kv seeseitig" -offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2708,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2023,"DC 525kv seeseitig" -offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,3234,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021,"DC 525kv landseitig" -offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,3430,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2023,"DC 525kv landseitig" -offwind-dc-station,investment,746,EUR2020/kW,NEP2021,"cost of two stations, landseitig and seeseitig" -offwind-dc-station,investment,903,EUR2020/kW,NEP2023,"cost of two stations, landseitig and seeseitig" diff --git a/ariadne-data/costs_2050-modifications.csv b/ariadne-data/costs_2050-modifications.csv deleted file mode 100644 index 13ad6d747..000000000 --- a/ariadne-data/costs_2050-modifications.csv +++ /dev/null @@ -1,27 +0,0 @@ -technology,parameter,value,unit,source,further description -gas,fuel,22.9,EUR/MWh_th,Ariadne, -oil,fuel,37.8918,EUR2020/MWh,Ariadne,"$2020 = 0.8775 EUR2020, 1bbl = 1.6998MWh" -coal,fuel,6.4016,EUR2020/MWh,Ariadne,"$2020 = 0.8775 EUR2020, 1t = 8.06 MWh" -decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,1362,EUR2020/kW_th,https://ariadneprojekt.de/media/2024/01/Ariadne-Analyse_HeizkostenEmissionenGebaeude_Januar2024.pdf https://www.enpal.de/waermepumpe/kosten/ https://www.bdew.de/media/documents/BDEW-HKV_Altbau.pdf and cost reduction from DEA -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,2219,EUR2020/kW_th,https://ariadneprojekt.de/media/2024/01/Ariadne-Analyse_HeizkostenEmissionenGebaeude_Januar2024.pdf https://www.enpal.de/waermepumpe/kosten/ https://www.bdew.de/media/documents/BDEW-HKV_Altbau.pdf and cost reduction from DEA -electricity distribution grid,investment,1500,EUR2020/kW,oriented towards JRC-EU-TIMES -HVAC overhead,investment,472,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021,"Assuming High Temperature Low Sag Cables with higher Amperage" -HVAC overhead,investment,772,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2023,"Assuming High Temperature Low Sag Cables with higher Amperage" -offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,3786,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021,"220kv, 1A, 2 circuits, 3 phases, inflation" -offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2488,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2023, -offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,3786,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021, -offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,2488,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2023, -offwind-ac-station,investment,697,EUR2020/kW,NEP2021,"cost of two stations, landseitig and seeseitig" -offwind-ac-station,investment,722,EUR2020/kW,NEP2023,"cost of two stations, landseitig and seeseitig" -HVDC inverter pair,investment,597015,EUR2020/MW,NEP2021+NEP2023 -HVDC overhead,investment,995,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021+NEP2023 -HVDC underground,investment,3234,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021, -HVDC underground,investment,2978,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2023, -HVDC submarine,investment,3234,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021,"set equal to HVDC underground" -HVDC submarine,investment,2978,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2023,"set equal to HVDC underground" -offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,1990,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021,"DC 525kv seeseitig" -offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2708,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2023,"DC 525kv seeseitig" -offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,3234,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021,"DC 525kv landseitig" -offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,3430,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2023,"DC 525kv landseitig" -offwind-dc-station,investment,746,EUR2020/kW,NEP2021,"cost of two stations, landseitig and seeseitig" -offwind-dc-station,investment,903,EUR2020/kW,NEP2023,"cost of two stations, landseitig and seeseitig" diff --git a/benchmarks/.gitkeep b/benchmarks/.gitkeep new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e69de29bb diff --git a/config/config.de.yaml b/config/config.de.yaml index d67747159..f872c2c35 100644 --- a/config/config.de.yaml +++ b/config/config.de.yaml @@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ run: disable_progressbar: true pypsa-de: - retrieve_ariadne_database: false leitmodelle: # Model data downloaded from public IIASA database 'ariadne2' general: REMIND-EU v1.1 buildings: REMod v1.0 @@ -264,8 +263,7 @@ first_technology_occurrence: H2 pipeline retrofitted: 2025 costs: - horizon: "mean" # "optimist", "pessimist" or "mean" - NEP: 2023 + custom_cost_fn: data/pypsa-de/custom_costs_nep_2023.csv transmission: "overhead" # either overhead line ("overhead") or underground cable ("underground") @@ -305,6 +303,7 @@ sector: urban decentral: true rural: true co2_spatial: true + co2_network: false biomass_spatial: true ammonia: false methanol: @@ -317,7 +316,10 @@ sector: regional_coal_demand: true #set to true if regional CO2 constraints needed gas_network: false regional_gas_demand: true + regional_co2_sequestration_potential: + enable: false H2_retrofit: true + hydrogen_turbine: false biogas_upgrading_cc: true biomass_to_liquid: true biomass_to_liquid_cc: true @@ -700,11 +702,6 @@ pypsa_eur: - hydro Store: [] - -co2_price_add_on_fossils: - # 2020: 25 - # 2025: 60 - must_run: 2020: DE: @@ -730,3 +727,17 @@ scale_capacity: DE: CCGT: 10000 "urban central gas CHP": 22000 + +data: + ariadne_database: + source: archive + version: latest + ariadne_template: + source: primary + version: latest + open_mastr: + source: primary + version: latest + egon: + source: primary + version: latest diff --git a/config/config.default.yaml b/config/config.default.yaml index 6674216e2..9ae9f3ece 100644 --- a/config/config.default.yaml +++ b/config/config.default.yaml @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ tutorial: false logging: level: INFO - format: '%(levelname)s:%(name)s:%(message)s' + format: "%(levelname)s:%(name)s:%(message)s" remote: ssh: "" @@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ run: shared_resources: policy: false exclude: [] - shared_cutouts: true use_shadow_directory: false # docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#foresight @@ -88,11 +87,6 @@ snapshots: # docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#enable enable: - retrieve: auto - retrieve_databundle: true - retrieve_cost_data: true - build_cutout: false - retrieve_cutout: true drop_leap_day: true # docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#co2-budget @@ -108,8 +102,7 @@ co2_budget: # docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#electricity electricity: voltages: [220., 300., 330., 380., 400., 500., 750.] - base_network: osm-prebuilt - osm-prebuilt-version: 0.6 + base_network: osm gaslimit_enable: false gaslimit: false co2limit_enable: false @@ -157,7 +150,6 @@ electricity: # docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#atlite atlite: - cutout_directory: cutouts default_cutout: europe-2013-sarah3-era5 nprocesses: 16 show_progress: false @@ -172,8 +164,22 @@ atlite: dx: 0.3 dy: 0.3 time: ['2013', '2013'] - # features: [] - # sarah_dir: "" + # prepare_kwargs: + # features: [] + # sarah_dir: "" + europe-1940-2024-era5: + module: era5 + x: [-12., 42.] + y: [33., 72.] + dx: 0.3 + dy: 0.3 + time: ['1940', '2024'] + chunks: + time: 500 + prepare_kwargs: + features: ['temperature', 'height', 'runoff'] + monthly_requests: true + tmpdir: "./cutouts_tmp/" # docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#renewable renewable: @@ -520,7 +526,7 @@ sector: rolling_window_ambient_temperature: 72 relative_annual_temperature_reduction: 0.01 ptes: - dynamic_capacity: true + dynamic_capacity: false supplemental_heating: enable: false booster_heat_pump: false @@ -533,7 +539,6 @@ sector: aquifer_volumetric_heat_capacity: 2600 fraction_of_aquifer_area_available: 0.2 effective_screen_length: 20 - dh_area_buffer: 1000 capex_as_fraction_of_geothermal_heat_source: 0.75 recovery_factor: 0.6 marginal_cost_charger: 0.035 @@ -549,10 +554,15 @@ sector: geothermal: constant_temperature_celsius: 65 ignore_missing_regions: false + river_water: + constant_temperature_celsius: false direct_utilisation_heat_sources: - geothermal temperature_limited_stores: - ptes + dh_areas: + buffer: 1000 + handle_missing_countries: fill heat_pump_sources: urban central: - air @@ -561,6 +571,23 @@ sector: rural: - air - ground + residential_heat: + dsm: + enable: false + direction: + - overheat + - undercool + restriction_value: + 2020: 0.06 + 2025: 0.16 + 2030: 0.27 + 2035: 0.36 + 2040: 0.38 + 2045: 0.39 + 2050: 0.4 + restriction_time: + - 10 + - 22 cluster_heat_buses: true heat_demand_cutout: default bev_dsm_restriction_value: 0.8 @@ -736,6 +763,7 @@ sector: biomass_to_methanol: true biomass_to_methanol_cc: false ammonia: true + min_part_load_electrolysis: 0 min_part_load_fischer_tropsch: 0.5 min_part_load_methanolisation: 0.3 min_part_load_methanation: 0.3 @@ -921,7 +949,6 @@ industry: # docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#costs costs: year: 2050 - version: v0.13.3 social_discountrate: 0.02 fill_values: FOM: 0 @@ -933,20 +960,8 @@ costs: "CO2 intensity": 0 "discount rate": 0.07 "standing losses": 0 + custom_cost_fn: data/custom_costs.csv overwrites: {} - marginal_cost: - solar: 0.01 - onwind: 0.015 - offwind: 0.015 - hydro: 0. - H2: 0. - electrolysis: 0. - fuel cell: 0. - battery: 0. - battery inverter: 0. - home battery storage: 0 - water tank charger: 0.03 - central water pit charger: 0.025 emission_prices: enable: false co2: 0. @@ -1000,6 +1015,160 @@ adjustments: capital_cost: 1.0 absolute: false +# docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#data +data: + hotmaps_industrial_sites: + source: archive + version: latest + enspreso_biomass: + source: archive + version: latest + osm: + source: archive + version: latest + worldbank_urban_population: + source: archive + version: latest + gem_europe_gas_tracker: + source: archive + version: latest + co2stop: + source: archive + version: latest + nitrogen_statistics: + source: archive + version: latest + eu_nuts2013: + source: archive + version: latest + eu_nuts2021: + source: archive + version: latest + eurostat_balances: + source: archive + version: latest + eurostat_household_balances: + source: archive + version: latest + wdpa: + source: archive + version: latest + wdpa_marine: + source: archive + version: latest + luisa_land_cover: + source: archive + version: latest + jrc_idees: + source: archive + version: latest + scigrid_gas: + source: primary + version: latest + synthetic_electricity_demand: + source: primary + version: latest + copernicus_land_cover: + source: primary + version: latest + ship_raster: + source: archive + version: latest + eez: + source: archive + version: latest + nuts3_population: + source: archive + version: latest + gdp_per_capita: + source: archive + version: latest + population_count: + source: archive + version: latest + ghg_emissions: + source: archive + version: latest + gebco: + source: archive + version: latest + attributed_ports: + source: archive + version: latest + corine: + source: archive + version: latest + emobility: + source: archive + version: latest + h2_salt_caverns: + source: archive + version: latest + lau_regions: + source: archive + version: latest + aquifer_data: + source: archive + version: latest + osm_boundaries: + source: archive + version: latest + gem_gspt: + source: archive + version: latest + tyndp: + source: archive + version: latest + powerplants: + source: primary + version: latest + costs: + source: primary + version: latest + country_runoff: + source: archive + version: latest + country_hdd: + source: archive + version: latest + natura: + source: archive + version: latest + bfs_road_vehicle_stock: + source: primary + version: latest + bfs_gdp_and_population: + source: primary + version: latest + mobility_profiles: + source: archive + version: latest + cutout: + source: archive + version: latest + dh_areas: + source: archive + version: latest + geothermal_heat_utilisation_potentials: + source: archive + version: latest + jrc_ardeco: + source: archive + version: latest + +# docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#overpass_api +overpass_api: + url: https://overpass-api.de/api/interpreter + max_tries: 5 + timeout: 600 + user_agent: + project_name: PyPSA-Eur + email: contact@pypsa.org + website: https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur + +secrets: + corine: '' #Add API key here if primary source is used for retrieving corine dataset after registering in https://land.copernicus.eu/user/login + # docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#solving solving: options: diff --git a/config/examples/config.distribution-grid-experimental.yaml b/config/examples/config.distribution-grid-experimental.yaml index 9eb484527..abdb51407 100644 --- a/config/examples/config.distribution-grid-experimental.yaml +++ b/config/examples/config.distribution-grid-experimental.yaml @@ -6,7 +6,22 @@ run: electricity: voltages: [63., 66., 90., 110., 132., 150., 220., 300., 330., 380., 400., 500., 750.] - base_network: osm-raw + base_network: osm transmission_projects: enable: false + +data: + osm: + source: build + version: unknown + +# Please provide your own user agent details when using the Overpass API +overpass_api: + url: https://overpass-api.de/api/interpreter + max_tries: 5 + timeout: 600 + user_agent: + project_name: PyPSA-Eur + email: contact@pypsa.org + website: https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur diff --git a/config/examples/config.entsoe-all.yaml b/config/examples/config.entsoe-all.yaml index 736ae2b4d..64a831a82 100644 --- a/config/examples/config.entsoe-all.yaml +++ b/config/examples/config.entsoe-all.yaml @@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ run: disable_progressbar: true shared_resources: policy: false - shared_cutouts: true scenario: ll: @@ -33,9 +32,3 @@ electricity: lines: reconnect_crimea: true - -enable: - retrieve: true - retrieve_databundle: true - retrieve_cost_data: true - retrieve_cutout: true diff --git a/config/examples/config.iterative.yaml b/config/examples/config.iterative.yaml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2836f7c5e --- /dev/null +++ b/config/examples/config.iterative.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,126 @@ +# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Contributors to PyPSA-Eur +# +# SPDX-License-Identifier: CC0-1.0 + +tutorial: true + +run: + name: "test-iterative" + disable_progressbar: true + shared_resources: + policy: false + shared_cutouts: true + + +scenario: + clusters: + - 5 + sector_opts: + - '' + planning_horizons: + - 2030 + +countries: ['BE'] + +snapshots: + start: "2013-03-01" + end: "2013-03-08" + +electricity: + + extendable_carriers: + Generator: [OCGT] + StorageUnit: [battery] + Store: [H2] + Link: [H2 pipeline] + + renewable_carriers: [solar, solar-hsat, onwind, offwind-ac, offwind-dc, offwind-float] + +atlite: + default_cutout: be-03-2013-era5 + cutouts: + be-03-2013-era5: + module: era5 + x: [4., 15.] + y: [46., 56.] + time: ["2013-03-01", "2013-03-08"] + +renewable: + offwind-ac: + max_depth: false + offwind-dc: + max_depth: false + offwind-float: + max_depth: false + min_depth: false + +clustering: + temporal: + resolution_sector: 24h + +sector: + gas_network: true + H2_retrofit: true + district_heating: + ptes: + supplemental_heating: + enable: true + booster_heat_pump: true + ates: + enable: true + heat_pump_sources: + urban central: + - air + - geothermal + - river_water + - sea_water + urban decentral: + - air + rural: + - air + - ground + hydrogen_turbine: false + regional_oil_demand: false + regional_co2_sequestration_potential: + enable: false + co2_spatial: false + co2_network: false + methanol: + methanol_to_power: + ocgt: false + biomass_to_methanol: false + ammonia: false + biomass_spatial: false + biomass_to_liquid: false + electrobiofuels: false + +industry: + HVC_environment_sequestration_fraction: 0.5 + waste_to_energy: true + waste_to_energy_cc: true + +solving: + solver: + name: highs + options: highs-simplex + + options: + skip_iterations: false # Enable iterative optimization + track_iterations: true + min_iterations: 2 + max_iterations: 3 + +plotting: + map: + boundaries: + eu_node_location: + x: -5.5 + y: 46. + costs_max: 1000 + costs_threshold: 0.0000001 + energy_max: + energy_min: + energy_threshold: 0.000001 + interactive_bus_balance: + bus_name_pattern: "*central heat*" + enable_heat_source_maps: true diff --git a/config/plotting.default.yaml b/config/plotting.default.yaml index 8ad293f25..456dbe8f5 100644 --- a/config/plotting.default.yaml +++ b/config/plotting.default.yaml @@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ # docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#plotting plotting: + enable_heat_source_maps: false map: boundaries: [-11, 30, 34, 71] geomap_colors: @@ -53,6 +54,8 @@ plotting: - residential rural heat - services urban decentral heat - services rural heat + interactive_bus_balance: + bus_name_pattern: None heatmap_timeseries: marginal_price: - AC @@ -100,19 +103,20 @@ plotting: balance_map: bus_carriers: - AC - - H2 + - co2_stored - gas - - oil + - H2 - methanol - - co2 stored - - urban central heat + - oil + - urban_central_heat AC: - unit: TWh - unit_conversion: 1_000_000 cmap: Greens vmin: vmax: region_unit: €/MWh + branch_color: darkseagreen + unit: TWh + unit_conversion: 1_000_000 bus_factor: 0.002 branch_factor: 0.01 flow_factor: 100 @@ -122,13 +126,46 @@ plotting: branch_sizes: - 100 - 20 - gas: + biogas: + cmap: Greens + vmin: + vmax: + region_unit: €/MWh + branch_color: darkseagreen unit: TWh unit_conversion: 1_000_000 + bus_factor: 0.1 + branch_factor: 0.1 + flow_factor: 100 + bus_sizes: + - 100 + - 50 + branch_sizes: + co2_stored: cmap: Purples vmin: vmax: + region_unit: €/t_${CO_2}$ + branch_color: orange + unit: Mt + unit_conversion: 1_000_000 + bus_factor: 0.015 + branch_factor: 0.4 + flow_factor: 120 + bus_sizes: + - 50 + - 10 + branch_sizes: + - 5 + - 2 + gas: + cmap: Oranges + vmin: + vmax: region_unit: €/MWh + branch_color: darkred + unit: TWh + unit_conversion: 1_000_000 bus_factor: 0.002 branch_factor: 0.05 flow_factor: 60 @@ -139,58 +176,30 @@ plotting: - 100 - 50 H2: - unit: TWh - unit_conversion: 1_000_000 cmap: Blues vmin: vmax: region_unit: €/MWh + branch_color: pink + unit: TWh + unit_conversion: 1_000_000 bus_factor: 0.002 - branch_factor: 0.07 - flow_factor: 50 + branch_factor: 0.03 + flow_factor: 8 bus_sizes: - 50 - 25 branch_sizes: - 40 - 20 - co2 stored: - unit: Mt - unit_conversion: 1_000_000 - cmap: Purples - vmin: - vmax: - region_unit: €/t_${CO_2}$ - bus_factor: 0.03 - branch_factor: 1 - flow_factor: 2_000 - bus_sizes: - - 50 - - 10 - branch_sizes: - - 5 - - 2 - urban central heat: - unit: TWh - unit_conversion: 1_000_000 - cmap: Oranges - vmin: - vmax: - region_unit: €/MWh - bus_factor: 0.005 - branch_factor: 0.1 - flow_factor: 100 - bus_sizes: - - 300 - - 100 - branch_sizes: methanol: - unit: TWh - unit_conversion: 1_000_000 cmap: Greens vmin: vmax: region_unit: €/MWh + branch_color: yellow + unit: TWh + unit_conversion: 1_000_000 bus_factor: 0.005 branch_factor: 0.1 flow_factor: 100 @@ -198,48 +207,164 @@ plotting: - 20 - 10 branch_sizes: - biogas: + oil: + cmap: Greys + region_unit: €/MWh + vmin: + vmax: + branch_color: black unit: TWh unit_conversion: 1_000_000 + bus_factor: 0.002 + branch_factor: 0.01 + flow_factor: 100 + bus_sizes: + - 200 + - 100 + branch_sizes: + solid_biomass: cmap: Greens vmin: vmax: region_unit: €/MWh - bus_factor: 0.1 + branch_color: darkseagreen + unit: TWh + unit_conversion: 1_000_000 + bus_factor: 0.01 branch_factor: 0.1 flow_factor: 100 bus_sizes: - 100 - 50 branch_sizes: - solid biomass: - unit: TWh - unit_conversion: 1_000_000 - cmap: Greens + urban_central_heat: + cmap: Oranges vmin: vmax: region_unit: €/MWh - bus_factor: 0.01 + branch_color: darkred + unit: TWh + unit_conversion: 1_000_000 + bus_factor: 0.005 branch_factor: 0.1 flow_factor: 100 bus_sizes: + - 300 - 100 - - 50 branch_sizes: - oil: - unit: TWh + balance_map_interactive: + bus_carriers: + - AC + - co2_stored + - gas + - H2 + - methanol + - oil + - urban_central_heat + AC: + cmap: Greens + region_unit: €/MWh + vmin: + vmax: + region_alpha: 0.8 + unit_conversion: 1_000_000 + branch_color: darkseagreen + branch_width_max: 20 + bus_size_max: 15000 + arrow_size_factor: 2 + map_style: road + tooltip: true + co2_stored: + cmap: Purples + region_unit: €/t CO2 + vmin: + vmax: + region_alpha: 0.8 + unit_conversion: 1_000_000 + branch_color: orange + branch_width_max: 20 + bus_size_max: 15000 + arrow_size_factor: 2 + map_style: road + tooltip: true + gas: + cmap: Oranges + region_unit: €/MWh + vmin: + vmax: + region_alpha: 0.8 + unit_conversion: 1_000_000 + branch_color: darkred + branch_width_max: 20 + bus_size_max: 15000 + arrow_size_factor: 2 + map_style: road + tooltip: true + H2: + cmap: Blues + region_unit: €/MWh + vmin: + vmax: + region_alpha: 0.8 + unit_conversion: 1_000_000 + branch_color: pink + branch_width_max: 45 + bus_size_max: 20000 + arrow_size_factor: 2 + map_style: road + tooltip: true + methanol: + cmap: Greens + region_unit: €/MWh + vmin: + vmax: + region_alpha: 0.8 unit_conversion: 1_000_000 + branch_color: yellow + branch_width_max: 45 + bus_size_max: 20000 + arrow_size_factor: 2 + map_style: road + tooltip: true + oil: cmap: Greys + region_unit: €/MWh vmin: vmax: + region_alpha: 0.8 + unit_conversion: 1_000_000 + branch_color: black + branch_width_max: 45 + bus_size_max: 20000 + arrow_size_factor: 2 + map_style: road + tooltip: true + solid_biomass: + cmap: Greens region_unit: €/MWh - bus_factor: 0.002 - branch_factor: 0.01 - flow_factor: 100 - bus_sizes: - - 200 - - 100 - branch_sizes: + vmin: + vmax: + region_alpha: 0.8 + unit_conversion: 1_000_000 + branch_color: darkseagreen + branch_width_max: 45 + bus_size_max: 20000 + arrow_size_factor: 2 + map_style: road + tooltip: true + urban_central_heat: + cmap: Oranges + region_unit: €/MWh + vmin: + vmax: + region_alpha: 0.8 + unit_conversion: 1_000_000 + branch_color: darkred + branch_width_max: 45 + bus_size_max: 20000 + arrow_size_factor: 2 + map_style: road + tooltip: true nice_names: OCGT: "Open-Cycle Gas" @@ -437,13 +562,16 @@ plotting: heat vent: '#aa3344' heat demand: '#cc1f1f' rural heat: '#ff5c5c' + rural heat dsm: '#ff5c5c' residential rural heat: '#ff7c7c' services rural heat: '#ff9c9c' central heat: '#cc1f1f' urban central heat: '#d15959' + urban central heat dsm: '#d15959' urban central heat vent: '#a74747' decentral heat: '#750606' residential urban decentral heat: '#a33c3c' + residential urban decentral heat dsm: '#a33c3c' services urban decentral heat: '#cc1f1f' low-temperature heat for industry: '#8f2727' process heat: '#ff0000' @@ -461,6 +589,10 @@ plotting: urban central geothermal heat pump: '#4f2144' geothermal heat pump: '#4f2144' geothermal heat direct utilisation: '#ba91b1' + river_water heat: '#4bb9f2' + river_water heat pump: '#4bb9f2' + sea_water heat: '#0b222e' + sea_water heat pump: '#0b222e' ground heat pump: '#2fb537' residential rural ground heat pump: '#4f2144' residential rural air heat pump: '#48f74f' diff --git a/config/test/config.clusters.yaml b/config/test/config.clusters.yaml index 0015c4e60..f7552bb44 100644 --- a/config/test/config.clusters.yaml +++ b/config/test/config.clusters.yaml @@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ run: disable_progressbar: true shared_resources: policy: false - shared_cutouts: true scenario: clusters: diff --git a/config/test/config.electricity.yaml b/config/test/config.electricity.yaml index 886a2fcb4..687cfec68 100644 --- a/config/test/config.electricity.yaml +++ b/config/test/config.electricity.yaml @@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ run: disable_progressbar: true shared_resources: policy: false - shared_cutouts: true scenario: clusters: @@ -63,7 +62,6 @@ renewable: max_depth: false min_depth: false - clustering: exclude_carriers: ["OCGT", "offwind-ac", "coal"] temporal: diff --git a/config/test/config.myopic.yaml b/config/test/config.myopic.yaml index f1d80c4ec..2748f2bc1 100644 --- a/config/test/config.myopic.yaml +++ b/config/test/config.myopic.yaml @@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ run: disable_progressbar: true shared_resources: policy: false - shared_cutouts: true foresight: myopic @@ -40,15 +39,17 @@ sector: supplemental_heating: enable: true booster_heat_pump: true - heat_pump_sources: - urban central: - - air - - geothermal - urban decentral: - - air - rural: - - air - - ground + heat_pump_sources: + urban central: + - air + - geothermal + - river_water + - sea_water + urban decentral: + - air + rural: + - air + - ground hydrogen_turbine: false regional_oil_demand: false regional_co2_sequestration_potential: @@ -121,3 +122,6 @@ plotting: energy_max: energy_min: energy_threshold: 0.000001 + interactive_bus_balance: + bus_name_pattern: "*central heat*" + enable_heat_source_maps: true diff --git a/config/test/config.overnight.yaml b/config/test/config.overnight.yaml index 96a7531d2..624f1be7b 100644 --- a/config/test/config.overnight.yaml +++ b/config/test/config.overnight.yaml @@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ run: disable_progressbar: true shared_resources: policy: false - shared_cutouts: true scenario: @@ -61,6 +60,18 @@ clustering: sector: gas_network: true H2_retrofit: true + residential_heat: + dsm: + enable: true + direction: + - overheat + restriction_value: + 2020: 0.06 + 2025: 0.16 + 2030: 0.27 + restriction_time: + - 10 + - 21 district_heating: ptes: supplemental_heating: @@ -68,15 +79,17 @@ sector: booster_heat_pump: true ates: enable: true - heat_pump_sources: - urban central: - - air - - geothermal - urban decentral: - - air - rural: - - air - - ground + heat_pump_sources: + urban central: + - air + - geothermal + - river_water + - sea_water + urban decentral: + - air + rural: + - air + - ground hydrogen_turbine: false regional_oil_demand: false regional_co2_sequestration_potential: @@ -92,7 +105,6 @@ sector: biomass_to_liquid: false electrobiofuels: false - industry: HVC_environment_sequestration_fraction: 0.5 waste_to_energy: true @@ -119,3 +131,6 @@ plotting: energy_max: energy_min: energy_threshold: 0.000001 + interactive_bus_balance: + bus_name_pattern: "*central heat*" + enable_heat_source_maps: true diff --git a/config/test/config.perfect.yaml b/config/test/config.perfect.yaml index 5188cac6e..6941212c8 100644 --- a/config/test/config.perfect.yaml +++ b/config/test/config.perfect.yaml @@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ run: disable_progressbar: true shared_resources: policy: false - shared_cutouts: true foresight: perfect @@ -51,16 +50,19 @@ sector: booster_heat_pump: true ates: enable: true - heat_pump_sources: - urban central: - - air - - geothermal - urban decentral: - - air - rural: - - air - - ground - hydrogen_turbine: false + heat_pump_sources: + urban central: + - air + - ptes + - river_water + - sea_water + - geothermal + urban decentral: + - air + rural: + - air + - ground + hydrogen_turbine: false regional_oil_demand: false regional_co2_sequestration_potential: enable: false diff --git a/config/test/config.scenarios.yaml b/config/test/config.scenarios.yaml index f5a876fb3..12e3464b7 100644 --- a/config/test/config.scenarios.yaml +++ b/config/test/config.scenarios.yaml @@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ run: enable: true file: "config/test/scenarios.yaml" disable_progressbar: true - shared_cutouts: true scenario: clusters: diff --git a/config/test/config.tyndp.yaml b/config/test/config.tyndp.yaml index abd53af4e..c0ec7f96c 100644 --- a/config/test/config.tyndp.yaml +++ b/config/test/config.tyndp.yaml @@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ run: disable_progressbar: true shared_resources: policy: false - shared_cutouts: true scenario: clusters: diff --git a/cutouts/.gitkeep b/cutouts/.gitkeep new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e69de29bb diff --git a/data/attributed_ports.json b/data/attributed_ports.json deleted file mode 100644 index 123448118..000000000 --- a/data/attributed_ports.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,861 +0,0 @@ -{ -"type": "FeatureCollection", -"features": [ -{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "Country": "United Arab Emirates", "Function": "1-345---", "LOCODE": "AEAUH", "Name": "Abu Dhabi", "NameWoDiac": "Abu Dhabi", "Status": "AI", "outflows": 41597.142851999997 }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 54.366666666666667, 24.466666666666665 ] } }, -{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "Country": "United Arab Emirates", "Function": "1-------", "LOCODE": "AERUW", "Name": "Ar Ruways", "NameWoDiac": "Ar Ruways", "Status": "RL", "outflows": 166556.0 }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 52.733333333333334, 24.116666666666667 ] } }, -{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "Country": "United Arab Emirates", "Function": "1-------", "LOCODE": "AEKLF", "Name": "Khor al Fakkan", "NameWoDiac": "Khor al Fakkan", "Status": "RL", "outflows": 790406.5 }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 56.35, 25.333333333333332 ] } }, -{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "Country": "United Arab Emirates", "Function": "1-3-----", "LOCODE": "AEMKH", "Name": "Mina Khalid", "NameWoDiac": "Mina Khalid", "Status": "RL", "outflows": 646965.0 }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 55.366666666666667, 25.35 ] } }, -{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "Country": "United Arab Emirates", "Function": "1-------", "LOCODE": "AEKHL", "Name": "Mina Khalifa\/Abu Dhabi", "NameWoDiac": "Mina Khalifa\/Abu Dhabi", "Status": "RL", "outflows": 18341458.820419993 }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 54.666666666666664, 24.833333333333332 ] } }, -{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "Country": "United Arab Emirates", "Function": "1--4----", "LOCODE": "AEQIW", "Name": "Umm al Qaiwain", "NameWoDiac": "Umm al Qaiwain", "Status": "AI", "outflows": 14196.0 }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 55.55, 25.566666666666666 ] } }, -{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "Country": "Antigua and Barbuda", "Function": "1-------", "LOCODE": "AGSJO", "Name": "Saint John's", "NameWoDiac": "Saint John's", "Status": "AI", "outflows": 208663.0 }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -61.85, 17.116666666666667 ] } }, -{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "Country": "Argentina", "Function": "1--4----", "LOCODE": "ARBHI", "Name": "Baha Blanca", "NameWoDiac": "Bahia Blanca", "Status": "AI", "outflows": 677327.625 }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -62.283333333333331, -38.716666666666669 ] } }, -{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "Country": "Argentina", "Function": "12345---", "LOCODE": "ARBUE", "Name": "Buenos Aires", "NameWoDiac": "Buenos Aires", "Status": "AI", "outflows": 11083411.036479998 }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -58.666666666666664, -34.583333333333336 ] } }, -{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "Country": "Argentina", "Function": "1-345---", "LOCODE": "ARMDQ", "Name": "Mar del Plata", "NameWoDiac": "Mar del Plata", "Status": "AI", "outflows": 24960.0 }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -57.533333333333331, -38.05 ] } }, -{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "Country": "Argentina", "Function": "1--4----", "LOCODE": "ARPUD", "Name": "Puerto Deseado", "NameWoDiac": "Puerto Deseado", "Status": "AI", "outflows": 24960.0 }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -65.9, -47.75 ] } }, -{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "Country": "Argentina", "Function": "1--4----", "LOCODE": "ARPMY", "Name": "Puerto Madryn", "NameWoDiac": "Puerto Madryn", "Status": "AI", "outflows": 671555.625 }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -65.033333333333331, -42.75 ] } }, -{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "Country": "Argentina", "Function": "12345---", "LOCODE": "ARROS", "Name": "Rosario", "NameWoDiac": "Rosario", "Status": "AI", "outflows": 110227.0 }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -60.65, -32.95 ] } }, -{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "Country": "Argentina", "Function": "1-------", "LOCODE": "ARSAE", "Name": "San Antonio Este", "NameWoDiac": "San Antonio Este", "Status": "RQ", "outflows": 23075.0 }, 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"Country": "South Africa", "Function": "1234----", "LOCODE": "ZAELS", "Name": "East London", "NameWoDiac": "East London", "Status": "AF", "outflows": 15600.0 }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 27.91162, -33.01529 ] } }, -{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "Country": "South Africa", "Function": "1--45---", "LOCODE": "ZAPLZ", "Name": "Port Elizabeth", "NameWoDiac": "Port Elizabeth", "Status": "AF", "outflows": 2557154.4621100002 }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 25.61494, -33.96109 ] } }, -{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "Country": "South Africa", "Function": "1--4----", "LOCODE": "ZARCB", "Name": "Richards Bay", "NameWoDiac": "Richards Bay", "Status": "AF", "outflows": 164538.86664000002 }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 32.03768, -28.78301 ] } } -] -} diff --git a/data/custom_costs.csv b/data/custom_costs.csv new file mode 100644 index 000000000..312cd0b3d --- /dev/null +++ b/data/custom_costs.csv @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +planning_horizon,technology,parameter,value,unit,source,further description +all,solar,marginal_cost,0.01,EUR/MWh,Default value to prevent mathematical degeneracy in optimisation, +all,onwind,marginal_cost,0.015,EUR/MWh,Default value to prevent mathematical degeneracy in optimisation, +all,offwind,marginal_cost,0.015,EUR/MWh,Default value to prevent mathematical degeneracy in optimisation, +all,hydro,marginal_cost,0,EUR/MWh,Default value to prevent mathematical degeneracy in optimisation, +all,H2,marginal_cost,0,EUR/MWh,Default value to prevent mathematical degeneracy in optimisation, +all,electrolysis,marginal_cost,0,EUR/MWh,Default value to prevent mathematical degeneracy in optimisation, +all,fuel cell,marginal_cost,0,EUR/MWh,Default value to prevent mathematical degeneracy in optimisation, +all,battery,marginal_cost,0,EUR/MWh,Default value to prevent mathematical degeneracy in optimisation, +all,battery inverter,marginal_cost,0,EUR/MWh,Default value to prevent mathematical degeneracy in optimisation, +all,home battery storage,marginal_cost,0,EUR/MWh,Default value to prevent mathematical degeneracy in optimisation, +all,water tank charger,marginal_cost,0.03,EUR/MWh,Default value to prevent mathematical degeneracy in optimisation, +all,central water pit charger,marginal_cost,0.025,EUR/MWh,Default value to prevent mathematical degeneracy in optimisation, diff --git a/data/existing_infrastructure/existing_heating_raw.csv b/data/existing_infrastructure/existing_heating_raw.csv index 5e2581c93..738700fcd 100644 --- a/data/existing_infrastructure/existing_heating_raw.csv +++ b/data/existing_infrastructure/existing_heating_raw.csv @@ -1,32 +1,33 @@ -,gas boiler,coal boiler,oil boiler,resistive heater,air heat pump,ground heat pump -Austria,9.32,0.4,15.42,0,0.72,1.077 -Belgium,28.39,1.19,19.53,3.14,0.17,0.061 -Bulgaria,0.16,3.68,0.04,3.46,1.01,0.045 -Croatia,8.39,0.03,2.88,1.53,0,0 -Czech Republic,9.26,1.02,0.1,2.73,0.35,0.263 -Denmark,4.82,0,3.67,2.19,1.9,0.381 -Estonia,0.22,0.02,0.12,0.27,0.33,0.1 -Finland,0,0.04,3.79,10.3,1.98,0.58 -France,76.85,1.03,46.03,87.24,26.14,1.97 -Germany,131.09,0.44,132.04,0,2.38,3.29 -Greece,2.17,0.03,18.13,5.91,0,0 -Hungary,21.21,1.3,0.04,0.06,0.03,0.035 -Ireland,4.32,0.8,4.85,1.03,0.03,0.03 -Italy,112.68,1.89,3.33,6.61,54.98,0.6 -Latvia,1.53,0.4,0,0.03,0,0 -Lithuania,0,0,0,0,0.01,0.02 -Luxembourg,0.79,0,0.77,0.09,0.01,0.001 -Netherlands,81.41,0,0.1,0.1,1.82,0.849 -Poland,8.25,24.75,9.04,5.96,0.01,0.04 -Portugal,4.79,0,0.2,21.26,1.58,0.064 -Romania,16.56,0.32,0.03,0.72,0,0 -Slovakia,8.05,0.19,0.01,0.55,0.06,0.015 -Slovenia,0.4,0,1.08,0.4,0.03,0.056 -Spain,48.99,0.51,17.95,56.58,1.15,0.016 -Sweden,1.01,0,0.77,3.76,3.42,4.813 -United Kingdom,160.49,1.26,7.39,13.81,0.81,0.21 -Norway,,,,,2.91,0.334 -Switzerland,,,,,1,0.849 -Serbia,,,,,, -Kosovo,,,,,, -Bosnia Herzegovina,,,,,, +,gas boiler,coal boiler,oil boiler,resistive heater,air heat pump,ground heat pump,biomass boiler +Austria,9.32,0.4,15.42,0,0.72,1.077,12.16 +Belgium,28.39,1.19,19.53,3.14,0.17,0.061,4.30 +Bulgaria,0.16,3.68,0.04,3.46,1.01,0.045,5.7 +Croatia,8.39,0.03,2.88,1.53,0,0,3.98 +Czech Republic,9.26,1.02,0.1,2.73,0.35,0.263,8.15 +Denmark,4.82,0,3.67,2.19,1.9,0.381,6.55 +Estonia,0.22,0.02,0.12,0.27,0.33,0.1,2.78 +Finland,0,0.04,3.79,10.3,1.98,0.58,10.83 +France,76.85,1.03,46.03,87.24,26.14,1.97,55.42 +Germany,131.09,0.44,132.04,0,2.38,3.29,39.81 +Greece,2.17,0.03,18.13,5.91,0,0,8.85 +Hungary,21.21,1.3,0.04,0.06,0.03,0.035,5.44 +Ireland,4.32,0.8,4.85,1.03,0.03,0.03,0.21 +Italy,112.68,1.89,3.33,6.61,54.98,0.6,64.17 +Latvia,1.53,0.4,0,0.03,0,0,4.98 +Lithuania,0,0,0,0,0.01,0.02,4.21 +Luxembourg,0.79,0,0.77,0.09,0.01,0.001,0.13 +Netherlands,81.41,0,0.1,0.1,1.82,0.849,2.18 +Poland,8.25,24.75,9.04,5.96,0.01,0.04,19.94 +Portugal,4.79,0,0.2,21.26,1.58,0.064,7.38 +Romania,16.56,0.32,0.03,0.72,0,0,23.46 +Slovakia,8.05,0.19,0.01,0.55,0.06,0.015,0.26 +Slovenia,0.4,0,1.08,0.4,0.03,0.056,3.37 +Spain,48.99,0.51,17.95,56.58,1.15,0.016,19.06 +Sweden,1.01,0,0.77,3.76,3.42,4.813,9.43 +United Kingdom,160.49,1.26,7.39,13.81,0.81,0.21,3.27 +Norway,,,,,2.91,0.334,4.72 +Switzerland,,,,,1,0.849, +Iceland,,,,,,, +Serbia,,,,,,, +Kosovo,,,,,,, +Bosnia Herzegovina,,,,,,, \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/gr-e-11.03.02.01.01-cc.csv b/data/gr-e-11.03.02.01.01-cc.csv deleted file mode 100644 index 0ba695def..000000000 --- a/data/gr-e-11.03.02.01.01-cc.csv +++ /dev/null @@ -1,45 +0,0 @@ -year,passenger cars,passenger vehicles,goods vehicles,agricultural vehicles,industrial vehicles,motorcycles,mopeds (incl. fast e-bikes)¹ -1980,2246752,11087,169402,137685,0,137340,671473 -1981,2394455,11122,167846,151238,0,152508,687517 -1982,2473318,11341,178313,156631,0,178398,656102 -1983,2520610,11255,189920,165332,0,187090,674710 -1984,2552132,10853,192708,164078,0,199302,647391 -1985,2617164,10771,200537,175161,0,217974,644175 -1986,2678911,10800,207014,183689,0,225676,627523 -1987,2732720,11027,217750,189984,0,240102,613093 -1988,2819548,26869,236649,152693,43519,219987,581270 -1989,2895842,29270,241488,157867,44326,261715,551808 -1990,2985397,31180,252136,162932,45920,299264,464609 -1991,3057798,32968,257646,165571,46938,319779,418251 -1992,3091228,34136,256611,169277,47281,336448,381236 -1993,3109523,34852,253461,171414,47229,348159,358732 -1994,3165042,35676,256285,172300,47373,357252,336367 -1995,3229176,36517,262352,174026,47693,370700,317783 -1996,3268093,37662,263020,174247,47622,381986,301009 -1997,3323455,38508,264200,175689,47743,410750,280467 -1998,3383307,39012,267380,176712,47754,435042,265422 -1999,3467311,39692,273954,177148,48265,464357,246018 -2000,3545247,40260,278518,177963,48949,493781,218932 -2001,3629713,41342,285246,179321,49549,521390,199033 -2002,3700951,42401,290142,180063,50227,545132,186811 -2003,3753890,43629,292329,180295,50795,567358,173486 -2004,3811351,44784,298193,180898,50957,583010,165000 -2005,3863807,45785,307264,182093,51860,592194,156095 -2006,3899917,46445,314020,185450,53437,608648,150563 -2007,3955787,48026,324153,184062,55149,619166,144704 -2008,3989811,48536,326232,188218,55808,636540,141549 -2009,4009602,50675,327808,185902,56533,642777,139220 -2010,4075825,52751,335200,186485,58492,651202,139548 -2011,4163003,55422,348553,187130,60324,665870,142834 -2012,4254725,58278,361926,188358,62219,679822,145984 -2013,4320885,60151,371361,189305,63950,687990,147247 -2014,4384490,62436,382281,190095,65563,699219,152962 -2015,4458069,65720,393598,191132,67101,710022,161292 -2016,4524029,69676,405566,192139,68721,720381,176030 -2017,4570823,73814,416501,192858,70113,729149,188053 -2018,4602688,77985,428808,193283,71683,739344,201423 -2019,4623952,83054,440795,193834,74085,744542,211480 -2020,4658335,88293,452186,195082,75659,771586,229421 -2021,4709366,97805,466857,196530,77672,791323,244572 -2022,4721280,105158,475714,196942,79691,789794,257753 -2023,4760948,114299,485303,197678,81241,805653, diff --git a/data/pypsa-de/custom_costs_nep_2021.csv b/data/pypsa-de/custom_costs_nep_2021.csv new file mode 100644 index 000000000..27dec7f41 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/pypsa-de/custom_costs_nep_2021.csv @@ -0,0 +1,85 @@ +planning_horizon,technology,parameter,value,unit,source,further description +all,HVAC overhead,investment,472,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021,"Assuming High Temperature Low Sag Cables with higher Amperage" +all,offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,3786,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021,"220kv, 1A, 2 circuits, 3 phases, inflation" +all,offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,3786,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021, +all,offwind-ac-station,investment,697,EUR2020/kW,NEP2021,"cost of two stations, landseitig and seeseitig" +all,HVDC inverter pair,investment,597015,EUR2020/MW,NEP2021+NEP2023 +all,HVDC overhead,investment,995,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021+NEP2023 +all,HVDC underground,investment,3234,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021, +all,HVDC submarine,investment,3234,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021,"set equal to HVDC underground" +all,offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,1990,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021,"DC 525kv seeseitig" +all,offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,3234,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021,"DC 525kv landseitig" +all,offwind-dc-station,investment,746,EUR2020/kW,NEP2021,"cost of two stations, landseitig and seeseitig" +all,electricity distribution grid,investment,1500,EUR2020/kW,oriented towards JRC-EU-TIMES +all,biomass boiler,pelletizing cost,17.8,EUR/MWh_pellets,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.109506,Additional added transport costs of 8.8 EUR/MWh +all,offwind-dc-connection-submarine,FOM,0.35,%/year,Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025-table A.2,copied from HVDC submarine +all,offwind-dc-connection-underground,FOM,0.35,%/year,Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025-table A.2,copied from HVDC underground +all,offwind-ac-connection-submarine,FOM,0.35,%/year,Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025-table A.2,copied from HVDC submarine +all,offwind-ac-connection-underground,FOM,0.35,%/year,Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025-table A.2,copied from HVDC submarine +all,hydrogen storage underground,investment,0.55,EUR/kWh,Langfristszenarien Szenario 045-Strom +2020,Fischer-Tropsch,efficiency,0.653,per unit,1/hydrogen-input,should be fixed in technology-data +2025,Fischer-Tropsch,efficiency,0.678,per unit,1/hydrogen-input,should be fixed in technology-data +2030,Fischer-Tropsch,efficiency,0.704,per unit,1/hydrogen-input,should be fixed in technology-data +2035,Fischer-Tropsch,efficiency,0.718,per unit,1/hydrogen-input,should be fixed in technology-data +2040,Fischer-Tropsch,efficiency,0.734,per unit,1/hydrogen-input,should be fixed in technology-data +2045,Fischer-Tropsch,efficiency,0.743,per unit,1/hydrogen-input,should be fixed in technology-data +2050,Fischer-Tropsch,efficiency,0.754,per unit,1/hydrogen-input,should be fixed in technology-data +2020,onwind,investment,1341,EUR/kW,"https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/de/veroeffentlichungen/studien/studie-stromgestehungskosten-erneuerbare-energien.html, Tabelle 1, Mittelpunkt der Preisspanne","umgerechtnet mittels CPI=1.193, Kostenreduktion nach DEA" +2025,onwind,investment,1291,EUR/kW,"https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/de/veroeffentlichungen/studien/studie-stromgestehungskosten-erneuerbare-energien.html, Tabelle 1, Mittelpunkt der Preisspanne","umgerechtnet mittels CPI=1.193, Kostenreduktion nach DEA" +2030,onwind,investment,1241,EUR/kW,"https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/de/veroeffentlichungen/studien/studie-stromgestehungskosten-erneuerbare-energien.html, Tabelle 1, Mittelpunkt der Preisspanne","umgerechtnet mittels CPI=1.193, Kostenreduktion nach DEA" +2035,onwind,investment,1206,EUR/kW,"https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/de/veroeffentlichungen/studien/studie-stromgestehungskosten-erneuerbare-energien.html, Tabelle 1, Mittelpunkt der Preisspanne","umgerechtnet mittels CPI=1.193, Kostenreduktion nach DEA" +2040,onwind,investment,1171,EUR/kW,"https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/de/veroeffentlichungen/studien/studie-stromgestehungskosten-erneuerbare-energien.html, Tabelle 1, Mittelpunkt der Preisspanne","umgerechtnet mittels CPI=1.193, Kostenreduktion nach DEA" +2045,onwind,investment,1163,EUR/kW,"https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/de/veroeffentlichungen/studien/studie-stromgestehungskosten-erneuerbare-energien.html, Tabelle 1, Mittelpunkt der Preisspanne","umgerechtnet mittels CPI=1.193, Kostenreduktion nach DEA" +2050,onwind,investment,1154,EUR/kW,"https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/de/veroeffentlichungen/studien/studie-stromgestehungskosten-erneuerbare-energien.html, Tabelle 1, Mittelpunkt der Preisspanne","umgerechtnet mittels CPI=1.193, Kostenreduktion nach DEA" +2019,gas,fuel,16.0,EUR/MWh_th,Ariadne, +2019,oil,fuel,33.2457,EUR2020/MWh,Ariadne,"$2020 = 0.8775 EUR2020, 1bbl = 1.6998MWh" +2019,coal,fuel,6.7391,EUR2020/MWh,Ariadne,"$2020 = 0.8775 EUR2020, 1t = 8.06 MWh" +2019,decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,1685,EUR2020/kW_th,https://ariadneprojekt.de/media/2024/01/Ariadne-Analyse_HeizkostenEmissionenGebaeude_Januar2024.pdf https://www.enpal.de/waermepumpe/kosten/ https://www.bdew.de/media/documents/BDEW-HKV_Altbau.pdf +2019,decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,2774,EUR2020/kW_th,https://ariadneprojekt.de/media/2024/01/Ariadne-Analyse_HeizkostenEmissionenGebaeude_Januar2024.pdf https://www.enpal.de/waermepumpe/kosten/ https://www.bdew.de/media/documents/BDEW-HKV_Altbau.pdf +2020,gas,fuel,11.2,EUR/MWh_th,Ariadne, +2020,oil,fuel,22.1982,EUR2020/MWh,Ariadne,"$2020 = 0.8775 EUR2020, 1bbl = 1.6998MWh" +2020,coal,fuel,5.7048,EUR2020/MWh,Ariadne,"$2020 = 0.8775 EUR2020, 1t = 8.06 MWh" +2020,decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,1685,EUR2020/kW_th,https://ariadneprojekt.de/media/2024/01/Ariadne-Analyse_HeizkostenEmissionenGebaeude_Januar2024.pdf https://www.enpal.de/waermepumpe/kosten/ https://www.bdew.de/media/documents/BDEW-HKV_Altbau.pdf +2020,decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,2774,EUR2020/kW_th,https://ariadneprojekt.de/media/2024/01/Ariadne-Analyse_HeizkostenEmissionenGebaeude_Januar2024.pdf https://www.enpal.de/waermepumpe/kosten/ https://www.bdew.de/media/documents/BDEW-HKV_Altbau.pdf +2025,gas,fuel,40,EUR/MWh_th,Ariadne, +2025,oil,fuel,32.9876,EUR2020/MWh,Ariadne,"$2020 = 0.8775 EUR2020, 1bbl = 1.6998MWh" +2025,coal,fuel,10.6694,EUR2020/MWh,Ariadne,"$2020 = 0.8775 EUR2020, 1t = 8.06 MWh" +2025,decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,1604,EUR2020/kW_th,https://ariadneprojekt.de/media/2024/01/Ariadne-Analyse_HeizkostenEmissionenGebaeude_Januar2024.pdf https://www.enpal.de/waermepumpe/kosten/ https://www.bdew.de/media/documents/BDEW-HKV_Altbau.pdf and cost reduction from DEA +2025,decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,2682,EUR2020/kW_th,https://ariadneprojekt.de/media/2024/01/Ariadne-Analyse_HeizkostenEmissionenGebaeude_Januar2024.pdf https://www.enpal.de/waermepumpe/kosten/ https://www.bdew.de/media/documents/BDEW-HKV_Altbau.pdf and cost reduction from DEA +2030,gas,fuel,22.3,EUR/MWh_th,Ariadne, +2030,oil,fuel,38.821,EUR2020/MWh,Ariadne,"$2020 = 0.8775 EUR2020, 1bbl = 1.6998MWh" +2030,coal,fuel,6.2056,EUR2020/MWh,Ariadne,"$2020 = 0.8775 EUR2020, 1t = 8.06 MWh" +2030,decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,1523,EUR2020/kW_th,https://ariadneprojekt.de/media/2024/01/Ariadne-Analyse_HeizkostenEmissionenGebaeude_Januar2024.pdf https://www.enpal.de/waermepumpe/kosten/ https://www.bdew.de/media/documents/BDEW-HKV_Altbau.pdf and cost reduction from DEA +2030,decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,2589,EUR2020/kW_th,https://ariadneprojekt.de/media/2024/01/Ariadne-Analyse_HeizkostenEmissionenGebaeude_Januar2024.pdf https://www.enpal.de/waermepumpe/kosten/ https://www.bdew.de/media/documents/BDEW-HKV_Altbau.pdf and cost reduction from DEA +2035,gas,fuel,22.4,EUR/MWh_th,Ariadne, +2035,oil,fuel,38.5629,EUR2020/MWh,Ariadne,"$2020 = 0.8775 EUR2020, 1bbl = 1.6998MWh" +2035,coal,fuel,6.2601,EUR2020/MWh,Ariadne,"$2020 = 0.8775 EUR2020, 1t = 8.06 MWh" +2035,decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,1483,EUR2020/kW_th,https://ariadneprojekt.de/media/2024/01/Ariadne-Analyse_HeizkostenEmissionenGebaeude_Januar2024.pdf https://www.enpal.de/waermepumpe/kosten/ https://www.bdew.de/media/documents/BDEW-HKV_Altbau.pdf and cost reduction from DEA +2035,decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,2497,EUR2020/kW_th,https://ariadneprojekt.de/media/2024/01/Ariadne-Analyse_HeizkostenEmissionenGebaeude_Januar2024.pdf https://www.enpal.de/waermepumpe/kosten/ https://www.bdew.de/media/documents/BDEW-HKV_Altbau.pdf and cost reduction from DEA +2040,gas,fuel,22.6,EUR/MWh_th,Ariadne, +2040,oil,fuel,38.3564,EUR2020/MWh,Ariadne,"$2020 = 0.8775 EUR2020, 1bbl = 1.6998MWh" +2040,coal,fuel,6.3036,EUR2020/MWh,Ariadne,"$2020 = 0.8775 EUR2020, 1t = 8.06 MWh" +2040,decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,1442,EUR2020/kW_th,https://ariadneprojekt.de/media/2024/01/Ariadne-Analyse_HeizkostenEmissionenGebaeude_Januar2024.pdf https://www.enpal.de/waermepumpe/kosten/ https://www.bdew.de/media/documents/BDEW-HKV_Altbau.pdf and cost reduction from DEA +2040,decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,2404,EUR2020/kW_th,https://ariadneprojekt.de/media/2024/01/Ariadne-Analyse_HeizkostenEmissionenGebaeude_Januar2024.pdf https://www.enpal.de/waermepumpe/kosten/ https://www.bdew.de/media/documents/BDEW-HKV_Altbau.pdf and cost reduction from DEA +2045,gas,fuel,22.8,EUR/MWh_th,Ariadne, +2045,oil,fuel,38.0983,EUR2020/MWh,Ariadne,"$2020 = 0.8775 EUR2020, 1bbl = 1.6998MWh" +2045,coal,fuel,6.3472,EUR2020/MWh,Ariadne,"$2020 = 0.8775 EUR2020, 1t = 8.06 MWh" +2045,decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,1402,EUR2020/kW_th,https://ariadneprojekt.de/media/2024/01/Ariadne-Analyse_HeizkostenEmissionenGebaeude_Januar2024.pdf https://www.enpal.de/waermepumpe/kosten/ https://www.bdew.de/media/documents/BDEW-HKV_Altbau.pdf and cost reduction from DEA +2045,decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,2312,EUR2020/kW_th,https://ariadneprojekt.de/media/2024/01/Ariadne-Analyse_HeizkostenEmissionenGebaeude_Januar2024.pdf https://www.enpal.de/waermepumpe/kosten/ https://www.bdew.de/media/documents/BDEW-HKV_Altbau.pdf and cost reduction from DEA +2050,gas,fuel,22.9,EUR/MWh_th,Ariadne, +2050,oil,fuel,37.8918,EUR2020/MWh,Ariadne,"$2020 = 0.8775 EUR2020, 1bbl = 1.6998MWh" +2050,coal,fuel,6.4016,EUR2020/MWh,Ariadne,"$2020 = 0.8775 EUR2020, 1t = 8.06 MWh" +2050,decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,1362,EUR2020/kW_th,https://ariadneprojekt.de/media/2024/01/Ariadne-Analyse_HeizkostenEmissionenGebaeude_Januar2024.pdf https://www.enpal.de/waermepumpe/kosten/ https://www.bdew.de/media/documents/BDEW-HKV_Altbau.pdf and cost reduction from DEA +2050,decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,2219,EUR2020/kW_th,https://ariadneprojekt.de/media/2024/01/Ariadne-Analyse_HeizkostenEmissionenGebaeude_Januar2024.pdf https://www.enpal.de/waermepumpe/kosten/ https://www.bdew.de/media/documents/BDEW-HKV_Altbau.pdf and cost reduction from DEA +all,solar,marginal_cost,0.01,EUR/MWh,Default value to prevent mathematical degeneracy in optimisation, +all,onwind,marginal_cost,0.015,EUR/MWh,Default value to prevent mathematical degeneracy in optimisation, +all,offwind,marginal_cost,0.015,EUR/MWh,Default value to prevent mathematical degeneracy in optimisation, +all,hydro,marginal_cost,0,EUR/MWh,Default value to prevent mathematical degeneracy in optimisation, +all,H2,marginal_cost,0,EUR/MWh,Default value to prevent mathematical degeneracy in optimisation, +all,electrolysis,marginal_cost,0,EUR/MWh,Default value to prevent mathematical degeneracy in optimisation, +all,fuel cell,marginal_cost,0,EUR/MWh,Default value to prevent mathematical degeneracy in optimisation, +all,battery,marginal_cost,0,EUR/MWh,Default value to prevent mathematical degeneracy in optimisation, +all,battery inverter,marginal_cost,0,EUR/MWh,Default value to prevent mathematical degeneracy in optimisation, +all,home battery storage,marginal_cost,0,EUR/MWh,Default value to prevent mathematical degeneracy in optimisation, +all,water tank charger,marginal_cost,0.03,EUR/MWh,Default value to prevent mathematical degeneracy in optimisation, +all,central water pit charger,marginal_cost,0.025,EUR/MWh,Default value to prevent mathematical degeneracy in optimisation, diff --git a/data/pypsa-de/custom_costs_nep_2023.csv b/data/pypsa-de/custom_costs_nep_2023.csv new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d139ccc9f --- /dev/null +++ b/data/pypsa-de/custom_costs_nep_2023.csv @@ -0,0 +1,85 @@ +planning_horizon,technology,parameter,value,unit,source,further description +all,HVAC overhead,investment,772,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2023,"Assuming High Temperature Low Sag Cables with higher Amperage" +all,offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2488,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2023, +all,offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,2488,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2023, +all,offwind-ac-station,investment,722,EUR2020/kW,NEP2023,"cost of two stations, landseitig and seeseitig" +all,HVDC inverter pair,investment,597015,EUR2020/MW,NEP2021+NEP2023 +all,HVDC overhead,investment,995,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2021+NEP2023 +all,HVDC underground,investment,2978,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2023, +all,HVDC submarine,investment,2978,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2023,"set equal to HVDC underground" +all,offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2708,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2023,"DC 525kv seeseitig" +all,offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,3430,EUR2020/MW/km,NEP2023,"DC 525kv landseitig" +all,offwind-dc-station,investment,903,EUR2020/kW,NEP2023,"cost of two stations, landseitig and seeseitig" +all,electricity distribution grid,investment,1500,EUR2020/kW,oriented towards JRC-EU-TIMES +all,biomass boiler,pelletizing cost,17.8,EUR/MWh_pellets,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.109506,Additional added transport costs of 8.8 EUR/MWh +all,offwind-dc-connection-submarine,FOM,0.35,%/year,Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025-table A.2,copied from HVDC submarine +all,offwind-dc-connection-underground,FOM,0.35,%/year,Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025-table A.2,copied from HVDC underground +all,offwind-ac-connection-submarine,FOM,0.35,%/year,Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025-table A.2,copied from HVDC submarine +all,offwind-ac-connection-underground,FOM,0.35,%/year,Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025-table A.2,copied from HVDC submarine +all,hydrogen storage underground,investment,0.55,EUR/kWh,Langfristszenarien Szenario 045-Strom +2020,Fischer-Tropsch,efficiency,0.653,per unit,1/hydrogen-input,should be fixed in technology-data +2025,Fischer-Tropsch,efficiency,0.678,per unit,1/hydrogen-input,should be fixed in technology-data +2030,Fischer-Tropsch,efficiency,0.704,per unit,1/hydrogen-input,should be fixed in technology-data +2035,Fischer-Tropsch,efficiency,0.718,per unit,1/hydrogen-input,should be fixed in technology-data +2040,Fischer-Tropsch,efficiency,0.734,per unit,1/hydrogen-input,should be fixed in technology-data +2045,Fischer-Tropsch,efficiency,0.743,per unit,1/hydrogen-input,should be fixed in technology-data +2050,Fischer-Tropsch,efficiency,0.754,per unit,1/hydrogen-input,should be fixed in technology-data +2020,onwind,investment,1341,EUR/kW,"https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/de/veroeffentlichungen/studien/studie-stromgestehungskosten-erneuerbare-energien.html, Tabelle 1, Mittelpunkt der Preisspanne","umgerechtnet mittels CPI=1.193, Kostenreduktion nach DEA" +2025,onwind,investment,1291,EUR/kW,"https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/de/veroeffentlichungen/studien/studie-stromgestehungskosten-erneuerbare-energien.html, Tabelle 1, Mittelpunkt der Preisspanne","umgerechtnet mittels CPI=1.193, Kostenreduktion nach DEA" +2030,onwind,investment,1241,EUR/kW,"https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/de/veroeffentlichungen/studien/studie-stromgestehungskosten-erneuerbare-energien.html, Tabelle 1, Mittelpunkt der Preisspanne","umgerechtnet mittels CPI=1.193, Kostenreduktion nach DEA" +2035,onwind,investment,1206,EUR/kW,"https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/de/veroeffentlichungen/studien/studie-stromgestehungskosten-erneuerbare-energien.html, Tabelle 1, Mittelpunkt der Preisspanne","umgerechtnet mittels CPI=1.193, Kostenreduktion nach DEA" +2040,onwind,investment,1171,EUR/kW,"https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/de/veroeffentlichungen/studien/studie-stromgestehungskosten-erneuerbare-energien.html, Tabelle 1, Mittelpunkt der Preisspanne","umgerechtnet mittels CPI=1.193, Kostenreduktion nach DEA" +2045,onwind,investment,1163,EUR/kW,"https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/de/veroeffentlichungen/studien/studie-stromgestehungskosten-erneuerbare-energien.html, Tabelle 1, Mittelpunkt der Preisspanne","umgerechtnet mittels CPI=1.193, Kostenreduktion nach DEA" +2050,onwind,investment,1154,EUR/kW,"https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/de/veroeffentlichungen/studien/studie-stromgestehungskosten-erneuerbare-energien.html, Tabelle 1, Mittelpunkt der Preisspanne","umgerechtnet mittels CPI=1.193, Kostenreduktion nach DEA" +2019,gas,fuel,16.0,EUR/MWh_th,Ariadne, +2019,oil,fuel,33.2457,EUR2020/MWh,Ariadne,"$2020 = 0.8775 EUR2020, 1bbl = 1.6998MWh" +2019,coal,fuel,6.7391,EUR2020/MWh,Ariadne,"$2020 = 0.8775 EUR2020, 1t = 8.06 MWh" +2019,decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,1685,EUR2020/kW_th,https://ariadneprojekt.de/media/2024/01/Ariadne-Analyse_HeizkostenEmissionenGebaeude_Januar2024.pdf https://www.enpal.de/waermepumpe/kosten/ https://www.bdew.de/media/documents/BDEW-HKV_Altbau.pdf +2019,decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,2774,EUR2020/kW_th,https://ariadneprojekt.de/media/2024/01/Ariadne-Analyse_HeizkostenEmissionenGebaeude_Januar2024.pdf https://www.enpal.de/waermepumpe/kosten/ https://www.bdew.de/media/documents/BDEW-HKV_Altbau.pdf +2020,gas,fuel,11.2,EUR/MWh_th,Ariadne, +2020,oil,fuel,22.1982,EUR2020/MWh,Ariadne,"$2020 = 0.8775 EUR2020, 1bbl = 1.6998MWh" +2020,coal,fuel,5.7048,EUR2020/MWh,Ariadne,"$2020 = 0.8775 EUR2020, 1t = 8.06 MWh" +2020,decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,1685,EUR2020/kW_th,https://ariadneprojekt.de/media/2024/01/Ariadne-Analyse_HeizkostenEmissionenGebaeude_Januar2024.pdf https://www.enpal.de/waermepumpe/kosten/ https://www.bdew.de/media/documents/BDEW-HKV_Altbau.pdf +2020,decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,2774,EUR2020/kW_th,https://ariadneprojekt.de/media/2024/01/Ariadne-Analyse_HeizkostenEmissionenGebaeude_Januar2024.pdf https://www.enpal.de/waermepumpe/kosten/ https://www.bdew.de/media/documents/BDEW-HKV_Altbau.pdf +2025,gas,fuel,40,EUR/MWh_th,Ariadne, +2025,oil,fuel,32.9876,EUR2020/MWh,Ariadne,"$2020 = 0.8775 EUR2020, 1bbl = 1.6998MWh" +2025,coal,fuel,10.6694,EUR2020/MWh,Ariadne,"$2020 = 0.8775 EUR2020, 1t = 8.06 MWh" +2025,decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,1604,EUR2020/kW_th,https://ariadneprojekt.de/media/2024/01/Ariadne-Analyse_HeizkostenEmissionenGebaeude_Januar2024.pdf https://www.enpal.de/waermepumpe/kosten/ https://www.bdew.de/media/documents/BDEW-HKV_Altbau.pdf and cost reduction from DEA +2025,decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,2682,EUR2020/kW_th,https://ariadneprojekt.de/media/2024/01/Ariadne-Analyse_HeizkostenEmissionenGebaeude_Januar2024.pdf https://www.enpal.de/waermepumpe/kosten/ https://www.bdew.de/media/documents/BDEW-HKV_Altbau.pdf and cost reduction from DEA +2030,gas,fuel,22.3,EUR/MWh_th,Ariadne, +2030,oil,fuel,38.821,EUR2020/MWh,Ariadne,"$2020 = 0.8775 EUR2020, 1bbl = 1.6998MWh" +2030,coal,fuel,6.2056,EUR2020/MWh,Ariadne,"$2020 = 0.8775 EUR2020, 1t = 8.06 MWh" +2030,decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,1523,EUR2020/kW_th,https://ariadneprojekt.de/media/2024/01/Ariadne-Analyse_HeizkostenEmissionenGebaeude_Januar2024.pdf https://www.enpal.de/waermepumpe/kosten/ https://www.bdew.de/media/documents/BDEW-HKV_Altbau.pdf and cost reduction from DEA +2030,decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,2589,EUR2020/kW_th,https://ariadneprojekt.de/media/2024/01/Ariadne-Analyse_HeizkostenEmissionenGebaeude_Januar2024.pdf https://www.enpal.de/waermepumpe/kosten/ https://www.bdew.de/media/documents/BDEW-HKV_Altbau.pdf and cost reduction from DEA +2035,gas,fuel,22.4,EUR/MWh_th,Ariadne, +2035,oil,fuel,38.5629,EUR2020/MWh,Ariadne,"$2020 = 0.8775 EUR2020, 1bbl = 1.6998MWh" +2035,coal,fuel,6.2601,EUR2020/MWh,Ariadne,"$2020 = 0.8775 EUR2020, 1t = 8.06 MWh" +2035,decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,1483,EUR2020/kW_th,https://ariadneprojekt.de/media/2024/01/Ariadne-Analyse_HeizkostenEmissionenGebaeude_Januar2024.pdf https://www.enpal.de/waermepumpe/kosten/ https://www.bdew.de/media/documents/BDEW-HKV_Altbau.pdf and cost reduction from DEA +2035,decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,2497,EUR2020/kW_th,https://ariadneprojekt.de/media/2024/01/Ariadne-Analyse_HeizkostenEmissionenGebaeude_Januar2024.pdf https://www.enpal.de/waermepumpe/kosten/ https://www.bdew.de/media/documents/BDEW-HKV_Altbau.pdf and cost reduction from DEA +2040,gas,fuel,22.6,EUR/MWh_th,Ariadne, +2040,oil,fuel,38.3564,EUR2020/MWh,Ariadne,"$2020 = 0.8775 EUR2020, 1bbl = 1.6998MWh" +2040,coal,fuel,6.3036,EUR2020/MWh,Ariadne,"$2020 = 0.8775 EUR2020, 1t = 8.06 MWh" +2040,decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,1442,EUR2020/kW_th,https://ariadneprojekt.de/media/2024/01/Ariadne-Analyse_HeizkostenEmissionenGebaeude_Januar2024.pdf https://www.enpal.de/waermepumpe/kosten/ https://www.bdew.de/media/documents/BDEW-HKV_Altbau.pdf and cost reduction from DEA +2040,decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,2404,EUR2020/kW_th,https://ariadneprojekt.de/media/2024/01/Ariadne-Analyse_HeizkostenEmissionenGebaeude_Januar2024.pdf https://www.enpal.de/waermepumpe/kosten/ https://www.bdew.de/media/documents/BDEW-HKV_Altbau.pdf and cost reduction from DEA +2045,gas,fuel,22.8,EUR/MWh_th,Ariadne, +2045,oil,fuel,38.0983,EUR2020/MWh,Ariadne,"$2020 = 0.8775 EUR2020, 1bbl = 1.6998MWh" +2045,coal,fuel,6.3472,EUR2020/MWh,Ariadne,"$2020 = 0.8775 EUR2020, 1t = 8.06 MWh" +2045,decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,1402,EUR2020/kW_th,https://ariadneprojekt.de/media/2024/01/Ariadne-Analyse_HeizkostenEmissionenGebaeude_Januar2024.pdf https://www.enpal.de/waermepumpe/kosten/ https://www.bdew.de/media/documents/BDEW-HKV_Altbau.pdf and cost reduction from DEA +2045,decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,2312,EUR2020/kW_th,https://ariadneprojekt.de/media/2024/01/Ariadne-Analyse_HeizkostenEmissionenGebaeude_Januar2024.pdf https://www.enpal.de/waermepumpe/kosten/ https://www.bdew.de/media/documents/BDEW-HKV_Altbau.pdf and cost reduction from DEA +2050,gas,fuel,22.9,EUR/MWh_th,Ariadne, +2050,oil,fuel,37.8918,EUR2020/MWh,Ariadne,"$2020 = 0.8775 EUR2020, 1bbl = 1.6998MWh" +2050,coal,fuel,6.4016,EUR2020/MWh,Ariadne,"$2020 = 0.8775 EUR2020, 1t = 8.06 MWh" +2050,decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,1362,EUR2020/kW_th,https://ariadneprojekt.de/media/2024/01/Ariadne-Analyse_HeizkostenEmissionenGebaeude_Januar2024.pdf https://www.enpal.de/waermepumpe/kosten/ https://www.bdew.de/media/documents/BDEW-HKV_Altbau.pdf and cost reduction from DEA +2050,decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,2219,EUR2020/kW_th,https://ariadneprojekt.de/media/2024/01/Ariadne-Analyse_HeizkostenEmissionenGebaeude_Januar2024.pdf https://www.enpal.de/waermepumpe/kosten/ https://www.bdew.de/media/documents/BDEW-HKV_Altbau.pdf and cost reduction from DEA +all,solar,marginal_cost,0.01,EUR/MWh,Default value to prevent mathematical degeneracy in optimisation, +all,onwind,marginal_cost,0.015,EUR/MWh,Default value to prevent mathematical degeneracy in optimisation, +all,offwind,marginal_cost,0.015,EUR/MWh,Default value to prevent mathematical degeneracy in optimisation, +all,hydro,marginal_cost,0,EUR/MWh,Default value to prevent mathematical degeneracy in optimisation, +all,H2,marginal_cost,0,EUR/MWh,Default value to prevent mathematical degeneracy in optimisation, +all,electrolysis,marginal_cost,0,EUR/MWh,Default value to prevent mathematical degeneracy in optimisation, +all,fuel cell,marginal_cost,0,EUR/MWh,Default value to prevent mathematical degeneracy in optimisation, +all,battery,marginal_cost,0,EUR/MWh,Default value to prevent mathematical degeneracy in optimisation, +all,battery inverter,marginal_cost,0,EUR/MWh,Default value to prevent mathematical degeneracy in optimisation, +all,home battery storage,marginal_cost,0,EUR/MWh,Default value to prevent mathematical degeneracy in optimisation, +all,water tank charger,marginal_cost,0.03,EUR/MWh,Default value to prevent mathematical degeneracy in optimisation, +all,central water pit charger,marginal_cost,0.025,EUR/MWh,Default value to prevent mathematical degeneracy in optimisation, diff --git a/ariadne-data/offshore_connection_points.csv b/data/pypsa-de/offshore_connection_points.csv similarity index 100% rename from ariadne-data/offshore_connection_points.csv rename to data/pypsa-de/offshore_connection_points.csv diff --git a/ariadne-data/wasserstoff_kernnetz/locations_wasserstoff_kernnetz.csv b/data/pypsa-de/wasserstoff_kernnetz/locations_wasserstoff_kernnetz.csv similarity index 100% rename from ariadne-data/wasserstoff_kernnetz/locations_wasserstoff_kernnetz.csv rename to data/pypsa-de/wasserstoff_kernnetz/locations_wasserstoff_kernnetz.csv diff --git a/data/versions.csv b/data/versions.csv new file mode 100644 index 000000000..44fb30249 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/versions.csv @@ -0,0 +1,106 @@ +dataset,source,version,tags,url,note +co2stop,archive,26 AUGUST 2020,"['latest', 'supported']",https://zenodo.org/records/15837736/files/co2jrc_openformats.zip, +co2stop,primary,26 AUGUST 2020,"['latest', 'supported']",https://setis.ec.europa.eu/document/download/786a884f-0b33-4789-b744-28004b16bd1a_en?filename=co2jrc_openformats.zip, +gem_europe_gas_tracker,archive,May 2024,"['latest', 'supported']",https://zenodo.org/records/16893480/files/Europe-Gas-Tracker-2024-05.xlsx, +gem_europe_gas_tracker,primary,May 2024,"['latest', 'supported']",https://globalenergymonitor.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Europe-Gas-Tracker-2024-05.xlsx, +gem_gspt,archive,April 2024 V1,"['latest', 'supported']",https://zenodo.org/records/16893375/files/Global-Steel-Plant-Tracker-April-2024-Standard-Copy-V1.xlsx, +gem_gspt,primary,March-2025 V1,['not-supported'],"https://globalenergymonitor.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Plant-level-data-Global-Iron-and-Steel-Tracker-March-2025-V1.xlsx""", +enspreso_biomass,archive,2019-06-20,"['latest', 'supported']",https://zenodo.org/records/10356004/files/ENSPRESO_BIOMASS.xlsx, +enspreso_biomass,primary,unknown,"['latest', 'supported']",https://jeodpp.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ftp/jrc-opendata/ENSPRESO/ENSPRESO_BIOMASS.xlsx,"2019 version was changed in 2023 with negligible differences, but since the version is not frozen we label it as 'unknown'." +hotmaps_industrial_sites,archive,Version 0.2.0,['not-supported'],https://zenodo.org/records/4687147/files/industrial_sites_Industrial_Database-1.0.zip, +hotmaps_industrial_sites,archive,Version 1.1,"['latest', 'supported']",https://zenodo.org/records/15834781/files/Industrial_Database.csv, +hotmaps_industrial_sites,primary,Version 1.0,['not-supported'],https://gitlab.com/hotmaps/industrial_sites/industrial_sites_Industrial_Database/-/raw/1.0/data/Industrial_Database.csv,Required renaming of country names to work with PyPSA-Eur. This was fixed in the latest version. +hotmaps_industrial_sites,primary,unknown,"['latest', 'supported']",https://gitlab.com/hotmaps/industrial_sites/industrial_sites_Industrial_Database/-/raw/master/data/Industrial_Database.csv, +nitrogen_statistics,archive,2022,"['latest', 'supported']",https://zenodo.org/records/15838121/files/nitro-ert.xlsx, +nitrogen_statistics,primary,2022,['supported'],https://d9-wret.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/assets/palladium/production/s3fs-public/media/files/myb1-2022-nitro-ert.xlsx, +nitrogen_statistics,primary,2023,"['latest', 'not-tested']",https://d9-wret.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/assets/palladium/production/s3fs-public/media/files/myb1-2023-nitro-ERT.xlsx, +eu_nuts2013,archive,2015-12-03,"['latest', 'supported']",https://zenodo.org/records/15846347/files/ref-nuts-2013-03m.geojson.zip, +eu_nuts2013,primary,2015-12-03,"['latest', 'supported']",https://gisco-services.ec.europa.eu/distribution/v2/nuts/download/ref-nuts-2013-03m.geojson.zip, +eu_nuts2021,archive,2021-01-01,"['latest', 'supported']",https://zenodo.org/records/15846440/files/ref-nuts-2021-01m.geojson.zip, +eu_nuts2021,primary,2021-01-01,"['latest', 'supported']",https://gisco-services.ec.europa.eu/distribution/v2/nuts/download/ref-nuts-2021-01m.geojson.zip, +eurostat_balances,archive,2023-04,"['latest', 'supported']",https://zenodo.org/records/15849144/files/balances.zip, +eurostat_balances,primary,2023-04,"['latest', 'supported', 'broken link']",https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/38154/4956218/Balances-April2023.zip,"The link is broken, use the archived versions instead." +eurostat_household_balances,archive,2025-07-09,"['latest', 'supported']",https://zenodo.org/records/15849673/files/nrg_d_hhq.csv, +eurostat_household_balances,primary,unknown,"['latest', 'supported']",https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser-backend/api/extraction/1.0/LIVE/false/sdmx/csv/nrg_d_hhq__custom_11480365?startPeriod=2013&endPeriod=2022,"URL limits the period to 2013-2022, but the data is updated regularly." +osm,archive,0.1,"['deprecated', 'not-supported']",https://zenodo.org/records/12799202, +osm,archive,0.2,"['deprecated', 'not-supported']",https://zenodo.org/records/13342577, +osm,archive,0.3,"['deprecated', 'not-supported']",https://zenodo.org/records/13358976, +osm,archive,0.4,"['deprecated', 'not-supported']",https://zenodo.org/records/13759222, +osm,archive,0.5,"['deprecated', 'not-supported']",https://zenodo.org/records/13981528, +osm,archive,0.6,"['latest', 'supported']",https://zenodo.org/records/14144752, +osm,build,unknown,"['latest', 'supported']",,Latest dataset built using OSM data. No single URL available to access the data. See the related scripts and documentation for details. +wdpa,archive,Jul2025,"['latest', 'supported']",https://web.archive.org/web/20250715071823if_/https://d1gam3xoknrgr2.cloudfront.net/current/WDPA_Jul2025_Public_shp.zip,"We are legally not allowed to redistribute this dataset, luckily the web archive is keeping copies of it." +wdpa,primary,unknown,"['latest', 'supported']",https://d1gam3xoknrgr2.cloudfront.net/current/WDPA_{bYYYY}_Public_shp.zip,"WDPA changes its URL every month, the URL here is used as a template and {bYYYY} is replaced inside the retrieve.smk." +wdpa_marine,archive,Jul2025,"['latest', 'supported']",https://web.archive.org/web/20250715084308if_/https://d1gam3xoknrgr2.cloudfront.net/current/WDPA_WDOECM_Jul2025_Public_marine_shp.zip,"We are legally not allowed to redistribute this dataset, luckily the web archive is keeping copies of it." +wdpa_marine,primary,unknown,"['latest', 'supported']",https://d1gam3xoknrgr2.cloudfront.net/current/WDPA_WDOECM_{bYYYY}_Public_marine_shp.zip,"WDPA maritime changes its URL every month, the URL here is used as a template and {bYYYY} is replaced inside the retrieve.smk." +worldbank_urban_population,archive,2025-08-14,"['latest', 'supported']",https://zenodo.org/records/16875854/files/API_SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS_DS2_en_csv_v2_22447.zip, +worldbank_urban_population,primary,unknown,"['latest', 'might-work']",https://api.worldbank.org/v2/en/indicator/SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS?downloadformat=csv,"This is the original World Bank API link, which is sometimes updated; it is not guaranteed to work with the current codebase and data changes without notice." +luisa_land_cover,primary,unknown,"['latest', 'supported']",https://jeodpp.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ftp/jrc-opendata/LUISA/EUROPE/Basemaps/LandUse/2018/LATEST/LUISA_basemap_020321_50m.tif, +luisa_land_cover,archive,2021-03-02,"['latest', 'supported']",https://zenodo.org/records/15879466/files/LUISA_basemap_020321_50m.tif, +jrc_idees,primary,unknown,"['latest', 'supported']",https://jeodpp.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ftp/jrc-opendata/JRC-IDEES/JRC-IDEES-2021_v1/JRC-IDEES-2021.zip, +jrc_idees,archive,2024-05-20,"['latest', 'supported']",https://zenodo.org/records/15895830/files/JRC-IDEES-2021.zip, +scigrid_gas,primary,1.1.2,"['latest', 'supported']",https://zenodo.org/records/4767098/files/IGGIELGN.zip,the primary is already from Zenodo published by original authors +scigrid_gas,archive,1.1.1,"['deprecated', 'not-supported']",https://zenodo.org/records/4751038/files/IGGIELGN.zip, +scigrid_gas,archive,1.1.0,"['deprecated', 'not-supported']",https://zenodo.org/records/4642569/files/IGGIELGN.zip, +synthetic_electricity_demand,primary,v2,"['latest', 'supported']",https://zenodo.org/records/10820928/files/demand_hourly.csv,the primary is already from Zenodo published by original authors +synthetic_electricity_demand,archive,0.1.0,"['deprecated', 'might-work']",https://zenodo.org/records/7070438/files/demand_hourly.csv, +copernicus_land_cover,primary,v3.0.1,"['latest', 'supported']",https://zenodo.org/records/3939050/files/PROBAV_LC100_global_v3.0.1_2019-nrt_Discrete-Classification-map_EPSG-4326.tif,"The primary is already from Zenodo, documentation in https://zenodo.org/records/4723921" +copernicus_land_cover,archive,v2.0.2,"['deprecated', 'might-work']",https://zenodo.org/records/3939038/files/PROBAV_LC100_global_v3.0.1_2015-base_Discrete-Classification-map_EPSG-4326.tif, +ship_raster,primary,v5,"['latest', 'supported']",https://datacatalogfiles.worldbank.org/ddh-published/0037580/5/DR0045406/shipdensity_global.zip, +ship_raster,archive,v5,"['latest', 'supported']",https://zenodo.org/records/16894236/files/shipdensity_global.zip, +eez,primary,v12_20231025,"['latest', 'supported']",https://www.marineregions.org/download_file.php,API request used +eez,archive,v12_20231025,"['latest', 'supported']",https://zenodo.org/records/16355917/files/World_EEZ_v12_20231025_LR.zip, +nuts3_population,primary,13-03-2025,"['latest', 'supported']",https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/sdmx/2.1/data/nama_10r_3popgdp?format=TSV&compressed=true, +nuts3_population,archive,13-03-2025,"['latest', 'supported']",https://zenodo.org/records/16551424/files/nama_10r_3popgdp.tsv.gz,earlier part of zenodo bundle +gdp_per_capita,archive,2018-02-06,"['latest', 'supported']",https://zenodo.org/records/16556029/files/GDP_per_capita_PPP_1990_2015_v2.nc,"Primary link is a direct download, earlier part of zenodo bundle" +ghg_emissions,primary,v23,"['latest', 'supported']",https://web.archive.org/web/20200622130401if_/https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/national-emissions-reported-to-the-unfccc-and-to-the-eu-greenhouse-gas-monitoring-mechanism-16/national-greenhouse-gas-inventories-ipcc-common-reporting-format-sector-classification/ascii-delimited-zip-2/at_download/file, +ghg_emissions,archive,v23,"['latest', 'supported']",https://zenodo.org/records/16561661/files/UNFCCC_v23.csv,earlier part of databundle +population_count,primary,2018-11-01,"['latest', 'supported']",https://data.worldpop.org/GIS/Population/Global_2000_2020/2019/0_Mosaicked/ppp_2019_1km_Aggregated.tif, +population_count,archive,2018-11-01,"['latest', 'supported']",https://zenodo.org/records/16558833/files/ppp_2019_1km_Aggregated.tif,earlier part of zenodo bundle +gebco,primary,2014,"['latest', 'supported']",https://www.bodc.ac.uk/data/open_download/gebco/GEBCO_30SEC/zip/,The dataset will be cut for the required regions after download +gebco,archive,2014,"['latest', 'supported']",https://zenodo.org/records/16810417/files/GEBCO_2014_2D.nc,Earlier part of databundle +attributed_ports,primary,2020-07-10,"['latest', 'supported']",https://datacatalogfiles.worldbank.org/ddh-published/0038118/1/DR0046414/attributed_ports.geojson, +attributed_ports,archive,2020-07-10,"['latest', 'supported']",https://zenodo.org/records/16810901/files/attributed_ports.json,Moved from github repo `data/` folder +corine,archive,v18_5,"['latest', 'supported']",https://zenodo.org/records/16899113/files/corine.zip, +corine,primary,unknown,"['latest', 'supported']",,Need to register with CLMS API and create an access token. The download URL is dynamic +emobility,archive,28-08-2016,"['latest', 'supported']",https://zenodo.org/records/16899168/files/emobility.zip, +h2_salt_caverns,archive,16-10-2019,"['latest', 'supported']",https://zenodo.org/records/16899309/files/h2_salt_caverns_GWh_per_sqkm.geojson, +lau_regions,primary,2019,"['latest', 'supported']",https://gisco-services.ec.europa.eu/distribution/v2/lau/download/ref-lau-2019-01m.geojson.zip, +aquifer_data,primary,v1.2,"['latest', 'supported']",https://download.bgr.de/bgr/grundwasser/IHME1500/v12/shp/IHME1500_v12.zip, +aquifer_data,archive,v1.2,"['latest', 'supported']",https://zenodo.org/records/16946750/files/IHME1500_v12.zip, +lau_regions,archive,2019,"['latest', 'supported']",https://zenodo.org/records/16947002/files/ref-lau-2019-01m.geojson.zip, +osm_boundaries,primary,unknown,"['latest', 'supported']",,Overpass API is used to fetch the latest available data +osm_boundaries,archive,unknown,"['latest', 'supported']",https://zenodo.org/records/16992755/files/osm_boundaries.zip, +tyndp,primary,2024,"['latest', 'supported']",https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs, +tyndp,archive,2024,"['latest', 'supported']",https://zenodo.org/records/16759672/files, +powerplants,primary,0.7.1,"['latest', 'supported']",https://raw.githubusercontent.com/PyPSA/powerplantmatching/refs/tags/v0.7.1/powerplants.csv,"Part of the `powerplantmatching` package and versioned on GitHub, i.e. no dedicated 'archive' entry." +powerplants,primary,0.7.0,['supported'],https://raw.githubusercontent.com/PyPSA/powerplantmatching/refs/tags/v0.7.0/powerplants.csv,"Part of the `powerplantmatching` package and versioned on GitHub, i.e. no dedicated 'archive' entry." +costs,primary,v0.13.3,"['latest', 'supported']",https://raw.githubusercontent.com/PyPSA/technology-data/v0.13.3/outputs,"Part of the `technologydata` repository and versioned on GitHub, i.e. no dedicated 'archive' entry." +costs,primary,v0.13.2,['partially-supported'],https://raw.githubusercontent.com/PyPSA/technology-data/v0.13.2/outputs,"Part of the `technologydata` repository and versioned on GitHub, i.e. no dedicated 'archive' entry." +country_runoff,archive,2025-08-13,"['latest', 'supported']",https://zenodo.org/records/16849356/files/era5-runoff-per-country.csv, +country_runoff,build,unknown,"['latest', 'supported']",,Latest dataset built using ERA5 runoff data. This takes a very long time to build. +country_hdd,archive,2025-08-13,"['latest', 'supported']",https://zenodo.org/records/16849356/files/era5-HDD-per-country.csv, +country_hdd,build,unknown,"['latest', 'supported']",,Latest dataset built using ERA5 runoff data. This takes a very long time to build. +natura,archive,2025-08-15,"['latest', 'supported']",https://zenodo.org/records/16881818/files/natura.tiff, +natura,archive,v0.8.2,['supported'],https://zenodo.org/records/16874772/files/natura.tiff, +natura,build,unknown,"['latest', 'supported']",https://sdi.eea.europa.eu/datashare/s/tWpGXaWdWGYcqsL/download, +bfs_road_vehicle_stock,archive,2024-03-13,"['latest', 'supported']",https://raw.githubusercontent.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur/5b5d308bf70f15dd0b107d8a19c121093dcdd5bd/data/gr-e-11.03.02.01.01-cc.csv, +bfs_road_vehicle_stock,primary,unknown,"['latest', 'supported']",https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/31f3521eddfa82ada1a436983c31caf5/1/dataset.csv,This dataset is not versioned and is updated regularly. The link points to the latest version. More information on the latest update on this website: https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/statistiken/kataloge-datenbanken.assetdetail.33827666.html +bfs_gdp_and_population,archive,2019-03-28,"['latest', 'supported']",https://web.archive.org/web/20250818151254if_/https://dam-api.bfs.admin.ch/hub/api/dam/assets/7786557/master, +bfs_gdp_and_population,primary,2019-03-28,"['latest', 'supported']",https://dam-api.bfs.admin.ch/hub/api/dam/assets/7786557/master, +mobility_profiles,build,unknown,"['latest', 'supported']",https://www.bast.de/videos/{year}_{street_type}_S.zip,"Latest dataset built using BASt vehicle monitoring data. The URL is a template that is filled based on the config file, see the documentation for details." +mobility_profiles,archive,2025-08-27,"['latest', 'supported']",https://zenodo.org/records/16965042/files,New version recreating the dataset from the data bundle. +mobility_profiles,archive,2025-08-13,['supported'],https://zenodo.org/records/16964996/files,Data from the original PyPSA-Eur data bundle. +cutout,archive,v0.8,"['latest', 'supported']",https://zenodo.org/records/15349674,Pre-build cutouts for PyPSA-Eur +cutout,build,unknown,"['latest', 'supported']",,Build latest cutouts using ERA5/SARAH3 data. +dh_areas,primary,341.5,"['latest', 'supported']",https://fordatis.fraunhofer.de/bitstream/fordatis/341.5/2/dh_areas.gpkg, +dh_areas,archive,341.5,"['latest', 'supported']",https://zenodo.org/records/17207640/files/dh_areas.gpkg, +geothermal_heat_utilisation_potentials,primary,341.5,"['latest', 'supported']",https://fordatis.fraunhofer.de/bitstream/fordatis/341.5/11/Results_DH_Matching_Cluster.xlsx, +geothermal_heat_utilisation_potentials,archive,341.5,"['latest', 'supported']",https://zenodo.org/records/17207640/files/Results_DH_Matching_Cluster.xlsx, +jrc_ardeco,primary,2021,"['latest', 'supported']",https://territorial.ec.europa.eu/ardeco-api-v2/rest/export/, +jrc_ardeco,archive,2021,"['latest', 'supported']",https://zenodo.org/records/17249457/files, +ariadne_database,primary,v1.0,"['latest', 'supported']",https://ariadne2.apps.ece.iiasa.ac.at/explorer,Public facing database of the second Ariadne Szenarienbericht +ariadne_database,archive,v1.0,"['latest', 'supported']",https://zenodo.org/records/15174592/files/250505_Ariadne2_Data_v1.0.xlsx, +open_mastr,primary,2023-08-08,"['latest', 'supported']",https://zenodo.org/records/8225106/files/bnetza_open_mastr_2023-08-08_B.zip, +egon,primary,2018-2020?,"['latest', 'supported']",https://api.opendata.ffe.de/demandregio/demandregio_spatial,root url is extended in the retrieve rule +ariadne_template,primary,2025-11-20,"['latest', 'supported']",https://github.com/iiasa/ariadne-intern-workflow/blob/main/attachments/2025-11-20_template_Ariadne.xlsx, \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/doc/configtables/data.csv b/doc/configtables/data.csv new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2f0b07567 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/configtables/data.csv @@ -0,0 +1,139 @@ + ,Unit,Values,Description +hotmaps_industrial_sites,,, +-- source,str,"{archive, primary}","Source of the Hotmaps industrial sites data." +-- version,str,,"Version of the Hotmaps industrial sites data to use. Uses the specific 'version' for the selected 'source' or the dataset tagged 'latest' for this source." +enspreso_biomass,,, +-- source,str,"{archive, primary}","Source of the Enspreso biomass data." +-- version,str,,"Version of the Enspreso biomass data to use. Uses the specific 'version' for the selected 'source' or the dataset tagged 'latest' for this source." +osm,,, +-- source,str,"{archive, build}","Source of the OSM data. 'archive' retrieves pre-built OSM data, 'build' uses the latest OSM data to build the network." +-- version,str,,"Version of the OSM data to use. Uses the specific 'version' for the selected 'source' or the dataset tagged 'latest' for this source." +worldbank_urban_population,,, +-- source,str,"{archive, primary}","Source of the World Bank urban population data." +-- version,str,,"Version of the World Bank urban population data to use. Uses the specific 'version' for the selected 'source' or the dataset tagged 'latest' for this source." +gem_europe_gas_tracker,,, +-- source,str,"{archive, primary}","Source of the GEM Europe Gas Tracker data." +-- version,str,,"Version of the GEM Europe Gas Tracker data to use. Uses the specific 'version' for the selected 'source' or the dataset tagged 'latest' for this source." +co2stop,,, +-- source,str,"{archive, primary}","Source of the CO2Stop data." +-- version,str,,"Version of the CO2Stop data to use. Uses the specific 'version' for the selected 'source' or the dataset tagged 'latest' for this source." +nitrogen_statistics,,, +-- source,str,"{archive, primary}","Source of the Nitrogen Statistics data." +-- version,str,,"Version of the Nitrogen Statistics data to use. Uses the specific 'version' for the selected 'source' or the dataset tagged 'latest' for this source." +eu_nuts2013,,, +-- source,str,"{archive, primary}","Source of the EU NUTS 2013 data." +-- version,str,,"Version of the EU NUTS 2013 data to use. Uses the specific 'version' for the selected 'source' or the dataset tagged 'latest' for this source." +eu_nuts2021,,, +-- source,str,"{archive, primary}","Source of the EU NUTS 2021 data." +-- version,str,,"Version of the EU NUTS 2021 data to use. Uses the specific 'version' for the selected 'source' or the dataset tagged 'latest' for this source." +eurostat_balances,,, +-- source,str,"{archive, primary}","Source of the Eurostat balances data." +-- version,str,,"Version of the Eurostat balances data to use. Uses the specific 'version' for the selected 'source' or the dataset tagged 'latest' for this source." +eurostat_household_balances,,, +-- source,str,"{archive, primary}","Source of the Eurostat household balances data." +-- version,str,,"Version of the Eurostat household balances data to use. Uses the specific 'version' for the selected 'source' or the dataset tagged 'latest' for this source." +wdpa,,, +-- source,str,"{archive, primary}","Source of the WDPA data." +-- version,str,,"Version of the WDPA data to use. Uses the specific 'version' for the selected 'source' or the dataset tagged 'latest' for this source." +wdpa_marine,,, +-- source,str,"{archive, primary}","Source of the WDPA Marine data." +-- version,str,,"Version of the WDPA Marine data to use. Uses the specific 'version' for the selected 'source' or the dataset tagged 'latest' for this source." +luisa_land_cover,,, +-- source,str,"{archive, primary}","Source of the LUISA land cover data." +-- version,str,,"Version of the LUISA land cover data to use. Uses the specific 'version' for the selected 'source' or the dataset tagged 'latest' for this source." +jrc_idees,,, +-- source,str,"{archive, primary}","Source of the JRC IDEES data." +-- version,str,,"Version of the JRC IDEES data to use. Uses the specific 'version' for the selected 'source' or the dataset tagged 'latest' for this source." +scigrid_gas,,, +-- source,str,"{primary, archive}","Source of the SciGRID Gas data." +-- version,str,,"Version of the SciGRID Gas data to use. Uses the specific 'version' for the selected 'source' or the dataset tagged 'latest' for this source." +synthetic_electricity_demand,,, +-- source,str,"{primary, archive}","Source of the Synthetic Electricity Demand data." +-- version,str,,"Version of the Synthetic Electricity Demand data to use. Uses the specific 'version' for the selected 'source' or the dataset tagged 'latest' for this source." +copernicus_land_cover,,, +-- source,str,"{primary, archive}","Source of the Copernicus Land Cover data." +-- version,str,,"Version of the Copernicus Land Cover data to use. Uses the specific 'version' for the selected 'source' or the dataset tagged 'latest' for this source." +ship_raster,,, +-- source,str,"{archive, primary}","Source of the Ship Raster data." +-- version,str,,"Version of the Ship Raster data to use. Uses the specific 'version' for the selected 'source' or the dataset tagged 'latest' for this source." +eez,,, +-- source,str,"{archive, primary}","Source of the EEZ data." +-- version,str,,"Version of the EEZ data to use. Uses the specific 'version' for the selected 'source' or the dataset tagged 'latest' for this source." +nuts3_population,,, +-- source,str,"{archive, primary}","Source of the NUTS3 population data." +-- version,str,,"Version of the NUTS3 population data to use. Uses the specific 'version' for the selected 'source' or the dataset tagged 'latest' for this source." +gdp_per_capita,,, +-- source,str,"{archive, primary}","Source of the GDP per capita data." +-- version,str,,"Version of the GDP per capita data to use. Uses the specific 'version' for the selected 'source' or the dataset tagged 'latest' for this source." +population_count,,, +-- source,str,"{archive, primary}","Source of the population count data." +-- version,str,,"Version of the population count data to use. Uses the specific 'version' for the selected 'source' or the dataset tagged 'latest' for this source." +ghg_emissions,,, +-- source,str,"{archive, primary}","Source of the GHG emissions data." +-- version,str,,"Version of the GHG emissions data to use. Uses the specific 'version' for the selected 'source' or the dataset tagged 'latest' for this source." +gebco,,, +-- source,str,"{archive, primary}","Source of the GEBCO data." +-- version,str,,"Version of the GEBCO data to use. Uses the specific 'version' for the selected 'source' or the dataset tagged 'latest' for this source." +attributed_ports,,, +-- source,str,"{archive, primary}","Source of the Attributed Ports data." +-- version,str,,"Version of the Attributed Ports data to use. Uses the specific 'version' for the selected 'source' or the dataset tagged 'latest' for this source." +corine,,, +-- source,str,"{archive, primary}","Source of the CORINE data." +-- version,str,,"Version of the CORINE data to use. Uses the specific 'version' for the selected 'source' or the dataset tagged 'latest' for this source." +emobility,,, +-- source,str,"{archive, primary}","Source of the Emobility data." +-- version,str,,"Version of the Emobility data to use. Uses the specific 'version' for the selected 'source' or the dataset tagged 'latest' for this source." +h2_salt_caverns,,, +-- source,str,"{archive, primary}","Source of the H2 Salt Caverns data." +-- version,str,,"Version of the H2 Salt Caverns data to use. Uses the specific 'version' for the selected 'source' or the dataset tagged 'latest' for this source." +lau_regions,,, +-- source,str,"{archive, primary}","Source of the LAU Regions data." +-- version,str,,"Version of the LAU Regions data to use. Uses the specific 'version' for the selected 'source' or the dataset tagged 'latest' for this source." +aquifer_data,,, +-- source,str,"{archive, primary}","Source of the Aquifer data." +-- version,str,,"Version of the Aquifer data to use. Uses the specific 'version' for the selected 'source' or the dataset tagged 'latest' for this source." +osm_boundaries,,, +-- source,str,"{archive, build}","Source of the OSM Boundaries data." +-- version,str,,"Version of the OSM Boundaries data to use. Uses the specific 'version' for the selected 'source' or the dataset tagged 'latest' for this source." +gem_gspt,,, +-- source,str,"{archive, primary}","Source of the Global Steel Plant Tracker data." +-- version,str,,"Version of the Global Steel Plant Tracker data to use. Uses the specific 'version' for the selected 'source' or the dataset tagged 'latest' for this source." +tyndp,,, +-- source,str,"{archive, primary}","Source of the TYNDP data." +-- version,str,,"Version of the TYNDP data to use. Uses the specific 'version' for the selected 'source' or the dataset tagged 'latest' for this source." +powerplants,,, +-- source,str,"{primary, archive}","Source of the Powerplants data." +-- version,str,,"Version of the Powerplants data to use. Uses the specific 'version' for the selected 'source' or the dataset tagged 'latest' for this source." +costs,,, +-- source,str,"{primary, archive}","Source of the Costs data." +-- version,str,,"Version of the Costs data to use. Uses the specific 'version' for the selected 'source' or the dataset tagged 'latest' for this source." +country_runoff,,, +-- source,str,"{archive, build}","Source of the Country Runoff data." +-- version,str,,"Version of the Country Runoff data to use. Uses the specific 'version' for the selected 'source' or the dataset tagged 'latest' for this source." +country_hdd,,, +-- source,str,"{archive, build}","Source of the Country HDD data." +-- version,str,,"Version of the Country HDD data to use. Uses the specific 'version' for the selected 'source' or the dataset tagged 'latest' for this source." +natura,,, +-- source,str,"{archive, build}","Source of the Natura data." +-- version,str,,"Version of the Natura data to use. Uses the specific 'version' for the selected 'source' or the dataset tagged 'latest' for this source." +bfs_road_vehicle_stock,,, +-- source,str,"{archive, primary}","Source of the BFS Road Vehicle Stock data." +-- version,str,,"Version of the BFS Road Vehicle Stock data to use. Uses the specific 'version' for the selected 'source' or the dataset tagged 'latest' for this source." +bfs_gdp_and_population,,, +-- source,str,"{archive, primary}","Source of the BFS GDP and Population data." +-- version,str,,"Version of the BFS GDP and Population data to use. Uses the specific 'version' for the selected 'source' or the dataset tagged 'latest' for this source." +mobility_profiles,,, +-- source,str,"{archive, build}","Source of the Mobility Profiles data." +-- version,str,,"Version of the Mobility Profiles data to use. Uses the specific 'version' for the selected 'source' or the dataset tagged 'latest' for this source." +cutout,,, +-- source,str,"{archive, build}","Source of the Cutout data." +-- version,str,,"Version of the Cutout data to use. Uses the specific 'version' for the selected 'source' or the dataset tagged 'latest' for this source." +dh_areas,,, +-- source,str,"{archive, primary}","Source of the District Heating Areas data." +-- version,str,,"Version of the District Heating Areas data to use. Uses the specific 'version' for the selected 'source' or the dataset tagged 'latest' for this source."" +geothermal_heat_utilisation_potentials,,, +-- source,str,"{archive, primary}","Source of the Geothermal Heat Utilisation Potentials data." +-- version,str,,"Version of the Geothermal Heat Utilisation Potentials" +jrc_ardeco,,, +-- source,str,"{archive, primary}","Source of annual regional database for EU regions" +-- version,str,,"Version of the JRC ARDECO dataset" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/doc/data_inventory.csv b/doc/data_inventory.csv new file mode 100644 index 000000000..133ce39d6 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/data_inventory.csv @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +"Short name","Long name","Description","Owner","Link to website","License" +"enspreso_biomass",ENSPRESO biomass potentials for Europe,"This collection contains datasets from ENSPRESO2, an EU-28 wide, open dataset on renewable energy potentials, at national (NUTS0), regional and high-resolution (1 x 1 km and 5 x 5 km) levels for the 2010-2050 period. Within ENSPRESO, ENergy Systems Potential Renewable Energy SOurces, and the ENSPRESO2 updates, technical potentials are provided for wind, solar and biomass, based on coherent GIS-based land-restriction scenarios. [...] For biomass, agriculture, forestry and waste sectors are considered. The temporal resolution for wind and solar is both annual.","European Commission Joint Research Centre","https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/74ed5a04-7d74-4807-9eab-b94774309d9f","CC-BY-4.0" +"osm","Open Street Map electricity transmission grid","Transmission grid topology and infrastructure on substations, lines and cables from Open Street Map (OSM). The dataset is built from OSM data and is not versioned. The latest dataset can be built using the scripts in the repository.","Open Street Map contributors","https://www.openstreetmap.org/","ODbL-1.0" +"worldbank_urban_population","Urban population (% of total population)","Percentage of Urban population by country, United Nations Population Division. World Urbanization Prospects: 2018 Revision.","World Bank","https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS","CC-BY-4.0" +"hotmaps_industrial_sites","Hotmaps industrial sites","In this repository are over 5000 georeferenced industrial sites of energy-intensive industry sectors published, together with GHG-emissions, production capacity, fuel demand and excess heat potentials calculated from emission and production data.","","https://gitlab.com/hotmaps/industrial_sites/industrial_sites_Industrial_Database/","CC-BY-4.0" +"co2stop","CO2 Storage Potentials","An assessment of the CO2 storage potential in Europe, including storage units, traps, and maps.","European Commission Joint Research Centre","https://setis.ec.europa.eu/european-co2-storage-database_en","Reuse policy following 2011/833/EU" +"nitrogen_statistics","Nitrogen Statistics and Information","Statistics and information on the worldwide supply of, demand for, and flow of the mineral commodity nitrogen.","United States Geological Survey (USGS)","https://www.usgs.gov/centers/nmic/nitrogen-statistics-and-information","Public Domain" +"eu_nuts2013","Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS) 2013 - shapefiles","Shapefiles of EU's Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS) 2013, which is a hierarchical system for dividing up the economic territory of the European Union.","eurostat","https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/nuts/overview","Reuse policy following 2011/833/EU" +"eu_nuts2021","Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS) 2021 - shapefiles","Shapefiles of EU's Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS) 2021, which is a hierarchical system for dividing up the economic territory of the European Union.","eurostat","https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/nuts/overview","Reuse policy following 2011/833/EU" +"eurostat_balances","Energy Balances","European energy balances by country and fuel, as reported by Eurostat.","eurostat","https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database","Reuse policy following 2011/833/EU ; newer versions of the same data are available as CC-BY-4.0 through the eurostat API" +"eurostat_household_balances","Eurostat Household Energy Balances","Disaggregated final energy consumption in household - quantities (nrg_d_hhq)","eurostat","https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/product/page/NRG_D_HHQ","CC-BY-4.0" +"luisa_land_cover","The LUISA base map 2018","The LUISA Base Map 2018 is a high-resolution land use/land cover map developed and produced by the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission","European Commission Joint Research Centre","https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/51858b51-8f27-4006-bf82-53eba35a142c","CC-BY-4.0" +"jrc_idees","JRC-IDEES-2021","The JRC-IDEES-2021 release contains a consistent set of disaggregated energy-economy-emissions data for each Member State of the European Union, covering all sectors of the energy system for the 2000-2021 period: industry, buildings, transport, and power generation.", "European Commission Joint Research Centre", "https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/82322924-506a-4c9a-8532-2bdd30d69bf5", "CC-BY-4.0" +"scigrid_gas","","Scientific Grid Model of European Gas Transmission Networks,Gas transmission data model","DLR Institute for Networked Energy Systems","https://web.archive.org/web/20241112092853/https://www.gas.scigrid.de/", "CC-BY-4.0" +"synthetic_electricity_demand","","Interannual Electricity Demand Calculator,generates country-level electricity consumption time series based on weather data and correlates historical electricity demand to temperature","","https://zenodo.org/records/10820928", "CC-BY-4.0" +"copernicus_land_cover","Copernicus Global Land Service", "Land cover and land use inventory of European continent","Copernicus","https://land.copernicus.eu/en/products/global-dynamic-land-cover", "CC-BY-4.0" +"ship_raster","Global Shipping Traffic Density","To build ship density raster and use it further to compute availability matrix for renewables","Worldbank","https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/search/dataset/0037580/Global-Shipping-Traffic-Density", "CC-BY-4.0" +"eez","Maritime Boundaries World EEZ","To estimate potentials for offshore wind in country's EEZ","Marine Regions","https://www.marineregions.org/downloads.php", "CC-BY-4.0" +"nuts3_population","Population by NUTS3 region","Average annual population to calculate regional GDP data (thousand persons) by NUTS 3 region (nama_10r_3popgdp)","Eurostat","https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/bulk?lang=en&searchFilter=nama_10r_3pop", "CC-BY-4.0" +"gdp_per_capita","Gridded global datasets for Gross Domestic Product over 1990–2015","Gross Domestic Product per capita (PPP)","Kummu, M et al.","https://www.nature.com/articles/sdata20184","CC-BY-4.0" +"population_count","World - Population Counts","Spatial distribution of population","WorldPop","https://data.humdata.org/dataset/worldpop-population-counts-for-world https://hub.worldpop.org/doi/10.5258/SOTON/WP00647","CC-BY-4.0" +"ghg_emissions","Total GHG emissions and removals in the EU","National emissions reported to the UNFCCC and to the EU under the Governance Regulation","European Environment Agency","https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/datahub/datahubitem-view/3b7fe76c-524a-439a-bfd2-a6e4046302a2?activeAccordion=1095700%2C1095998%2C1085929%2C1084352%2C1084914","CC-BY-4.0" +"gebco","General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans","Gridded Bathymetric data for ocean and land, providing elevation data in meters, on a 15 arc-second interval grid.","GEBCO Comilation Group","https://www.gebco.net/data-products/gridded-bathymetry-data","Public domain" +"attributed_ports","Global - International Ports","International ports with attributes describing name, port functions, total capacity and location","World bank Group","https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/search/dataset/0038118/Global---International-Ports", "CC-BY-4.0" +"corine","CORINE Land Cover 2012","Pan European Land cover for 44 thematic classes with 2012 as reference year","Copernicus","https://land.copernicus.eu/en/products/corine-land-cover/clc-2012","Custom similar to CC-BY" +"emobility","","Motor and passenger vehicles count","Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen (BASt)","https://www.bast.de/DE/Home/home_node.html","CC-BY-4.0" +"h2_salt_caverns","Technical potential of salt caverns for Hydrogen Storage in Europe","Salt cavern potentials in GWh/sqkm", "Dilara et al", "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0360319919347299?via%3Dihub","CC-BY-4.0" +"lau_regions","Local Administrative Units","Used for local administration regions when building geothermal potentials","Eurostat","https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/gisco/geodata/administrative-units","Permission to download only if used for non-commercial purposes" +"aquifer_data","International Hydrogeological Map of Europe","Groundwater data","BGR","https://geoportal.bgr.de/mapapps/resources/apps/geoportal/index.html?lang=en#/datasets/portal/341255A9-180F-4BF9-B96F-D085339EA86D","Right to use without restriction but no right to redistribute" +"osm_boundaries","OSM Boundaries","OSM-Boundaries was created to enable users to easily extract boundaries such as country borders, state borders, and equivalents from the OpenStreetMap databases","Ground Zero Communications AB","https://osm-boundaries.com/about","ODbL" +"gem_europe_gas_tracker","Europe Gas Tracker","Methane and hydrogen infrastructure in Europe, including pipelines, LNG terminals, gas power plants and extraction sites.","Global Energy Monitor","https://globalenergymonitor.org/projects/europe-gas-tracker/","CC-BY-4.0" +"gem_gspt","Global Steel Plant Tracker","Steel plant global locations and characteristics, including production capacity, ownership, and emissions data.","Global Energy Monitor","https://globalenergymonitor.org/projects/global-steel-plant-tracker/","CC-BY-4.0" +"tyndp","Ten Year Network Development Plan (TYNDP) electricity transmission grid","Transmission grid topology based on the ENTSO-E/ENTSO-G TYNDP scenarios, including planned and existing lines.","ENTSO-E/ENTSO-G","https://2024.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/download/","CC-BY-4.0" +"powerplants","Power plants matching dataset","Global dataset of power plants with their location, capacity and technology type.","The powerplantmatching contributors","https://powerplantmatching.readthedocs.io","CC-BY-4.0" +"costs","Technology cost assumptions","Technology cost and performance assumptions for Europe for various technologies, including renewables, fossil fuels.","The technologydata contributors","https://technology-data.readthedocs.io","CC-BY-4.0" +"country_runoff","Country level runoff data","Country-level runoff data, daily sums, for Europe, used for rescaling hydro-electricity availability in weather years not covered by EIA hydro-generation statistics.","Fabian Neumann","see `rule retrieve_country_runoff` in the PyPSA-Eur repository","CC-BY-4.0" +"country_hdd","Country level runoff data","Country-level heating degree days for Europe, used for rescaling heat demand in weather years not covered by energy statistics.","Fabian Neumann","see `rule retrieve_country_runoff` in the PyPSA-Eur repository","CC-BY-4.0" +"natura","Natura 2000 protected areas","Protected areas in Europe as defined by the Natura 2000 network.","European Environment Agency","https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/datahub/datahubitem-view/6fc8ad2d-195d-40f4-bdec-576e7d1268e4","CC-BY-4.0" +"bfs_road_vehicle_stock","Swiss Road Vehicle Stock","Stock of road motor vehicles in Switzerland.","Swiss Federal Statistics Office","https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/statistiken/kataloge-datenbanken.assetdetail.33827666.html","custom (OPEN BY ASK)" +"bfs_gdp_and_population","Swiss Population","Population data for Switzerland.","Swiss Federal Statistics Office","https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/en/home/news/whats-new.assetdetail.7786557.html","custom (OPEN BY ASK)" +"mobility_profiles","German Vehicle Activity Profiles","Vehicle activity profiles for different vehicle types and road types in Germany, based on monitoring data from the Federal Highway Research Institute (BASt). These profiles provide insights into travel behavior and patterns, which can be used for transport modeling and analysis.","Federal Highway Research Institute (BASt)","https://www.bast.de/DE/Themen/Digitales/HF_1/Massnahmen/verkehrszaehlung/Stundenwerte.html?nn=414410","CC-BY-4.0" +"dh_areas","","Shapes of district heating areas","ISI Fraunhofer-Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung","https://fordatis.fraunhofer.de/handle/fordatis/341.5","CC-BY-4.0" +"geothermal_heat_utilisation_potentials","","Potentials for Geothermal heat utilisation","ISI Fraunhofer-Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung","https://fordatis.fraunhofer.de/handle/fordatis/341.5","CC-BY-4.0" +"jrc_ardeco","Annual Regional Database of the European Commission's Directorate General for Regional and Urban Policy","The database contains a set of long time-series variables and indicators for EU regions, as well as for regions in some EFTA and candidate countries, at various statistical scales (NUTS1, NUTS2, NUTS3, metro regions).","European Commission","https://territorial.ec.europa.eu/ardeco","similar to CC-BY" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/doc/img/logo.svg b/doc/img/logo.svg new file mode 100644 index 000000000..892b0fb87 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/img/logo.svg @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/doc/oetc.rst b/doc/oetc.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5fa309ff9 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/oetc.rst @@ -0,0 +1,96 @@ +.. + SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Contributors to PyPSA-Eur + + SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-4.0 + +########################################## +OETC Integration +########################################## + +The OETC platform allows PyPSA-Eur to leverage cloud-based resources for +solving energy system models. This integration enables solving of optimization problems +using remote compute resources when local computational capacity is insufficient. + +.. note:: + + Using OETC is **optional** and not required to run PyPSA-Eur. + +.. _oetc_overview: + +Overview +======== + +OETC provides a cloud-based optimization service that can handle PyPSA networks by: + +- Offloading optimization tasks to remote compute resources +- Supporting various solvers (Highs, Gurobi, etc.) on cloud infrastructure +- Automatically managing authentication and resource allocation +- Providing configurable compute resources (CPU cores, disk space) + +The integration is implemented through the ``linopy.oetc`` module and is configured +within the PyPSA-Eur solving configuration. + +.. _oetc_setup: + +Setup and Authentication +======================== + +To use OETC with PyPSA-Eur, you need to: + +1. **Set up environment variables** for authentication based on your OETC credentials: + + .. code:: bash + + export OETC_EMAIL="your-email@example.com" + export OETC_PASSWORD="your-password" + +2. **Configure OETC settings** in your configuration file (see :ref:`oetc_config`). + +.. _oetc_config: + +Configuration +============= + +OETC integration is configured within the ``solving`` section of your configuration file. +Add an ``oetc`` subsection to enable cloud-based optimization: + +.. code:: yaml + + solving: + # ... other solving options ... + oetc: + name: "job-name" # Arbitrary human readable job identifier + authentication_server_url: "https://auth.oetc.example.com" + orchestrator_server_url: "https://orchestrator.oetc.example.com" + compute_provider: "GCP" # Currently only GCP is supported + cpu_cores: 4 # This also sets the amount of RAM by a factor 8 + disk_space_gb: 20 + +.. note:: + + The ``solver`` and ``solver_options`` are automatically passed from the main + solving configuration and do not need to be specified in the OETC section. + +.. _oetc_usage: + +Usage +===== + +Once configured, OETC integration works transparently with the standard PyPSA-Eur +workflow. If a oetc configuration is present, PyPSA-Eur will automatically use +the OETC platform for the model optimization during the solve network rule. + +An example of a log entry when using OETC: +.. code:: + INFO:linopy.oetc:OETC - Signing in... + INFO:linopy.oetc:OETC - Signed in + INFO:linopy.oetc:OETC - Fetching user GCP credentials... + INFO:linopy.oetc:OETC - Fetched user GCP credentials + INFO:linopy.oetc:OETC - Submitting compute job... + INFO:linopy.oetc:OETC - Compute job 992616b6-0f24-4ab5-8675-ba8098d795fa started + INFO:linopy.oetc:OETC - Waiting for job 992616b6-0f24-4ab5-8675-ba8098d795fa to complete... + INFO:linopy.oetc:OETC - Job 992616b6-0f24-4ab5-8675-ba8098d795fa status: PENDING, checking again in 30 seconds... + INFO:linopy.oetc:OETC - Job 992616b6-0f24-4ab5-8675-ba8098d795fa status: PENDING, checking again in 45 seconds... + INFO:linopy.oetc:OETC - Job 992616b6-0f24-4ab5-8675-ba8098d795fa completed successfully! + INFO:linopy.oetc:OETC - Model solved successfully. Status: ok + INFO:linopy.oetc:OETC - Objective value: 3.11e+07 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docker/dev-env/Dockerfile b/docker/dev-env/Dockerfile index 32c19b26e..534eea7c9 100644 --- a/docker/dev-env/Dockerfile +++ b/docker/dev-env/Dockerfile @@ -2,31 +2,24 @@ # # SPDX-License-Identifier: CC0-1.0 -FROM condaforge/mambaforge +FROM ghcr.io/prefix-dev/pixi:0.40.0 AS build LABEL org.opencontainers.image.source https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur -RUN conda update -n base conda -RUN conda install -n base conda-libmamba-solver -RUN conda config --set solver libmamba +RUN pixi self-update -RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y bash git make - -RUN conda --version +RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y bash git WORKDIR /pypsa-eur -COPY ./envs ./temp - -RUN conda env create -n pypsa-eur -f temp/linux-64.lock.yaml -RUN conda init bash -RUN echo "conda activate pypsa-eur" >> ~/.bashrc +COPY pixi.toml pixi.lock ./ -SHELL ["/bin/bash", "--login", "-c"] -ENV PATH=/opt/conda/envs/pypsa-eur/bin:$PATH +RUN pixi install -e default +RUN pixi shell-hook -e default > /shell-hook.sh -RUN rm -r temp -RUN conda clean -afy && \ - rm -rf /tmp/* +# extend the shell-hook script to run the command passed to the container +RUN echo 'exec "$@"' >> /shell-hook.sh -CMD ["bash"] +# set the entrypoint to the shell-hook script (activate the environment and run the command) +# no more pixi needed in the prod container +ENTRYPOINT ["/bin/bash", "/shell-hook.sh"] diff --git a/envs/default_linux-64.pin.txt b/envs/default_linux-64.pin.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3d533f86a --- /dev/null +++ b/envs/default_linux-64.pin.txt @@ -0,0 +1,584 @@ +# Generated by `pixi workspace export` +# platform: linux-64 +@EXPLICIT +https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch/tzdata-2025c-hc9c84f9_1.conda#ad659d0a2b3e47e38d829aa8cad2d610 +https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/linux-64/libgomp-15.2.0-he0feb66_16.conda#26c46f90d0e727e95c6c9498a33a09f3 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additional packages only to pypsa-de specific section # All other packages should be identical to pypsa-eur (in best case the same, otherwise # maybe different pins) - # pypsa-de specific - pycountry - pyam>=2.0 - ruamel.yaml - jpype1 +# common packages +- atlite >=0.3 +- bokeh >=3.8.0 +- cartopy >=0.25.0 +- copernicusmarine >=2.2.4 +- country_converter >=1.3.2 +- dask >=2025.10.0 +- descartes >=1.1.0 +- entsoe-py >=0.7.8 +- fiona >=1.10.1 +- folium >=0.20.0 +- geojson >=3.2.0 +- geopandas >=1 +- geopy >=2.4.1 +- glpk >=5.0 +- graphviz >=12.2.1 +- gurobi >=12.0.3 +- highspy >=1.12.0 +- ipython >=9.7.0 +- jpype1 >=1.6.0 +- jupyter >=1.1.1 +- libgdal-netcdf >=3.10.3 +- linopy >=0.4.4 +- lxml >=6.0.2 +- matplotlib >=3.10.7 +- memory_profiler >=0.61.0 +- netcdf4 >=1.7.2 +- networkx >=3.5 +- numpy >=1.26.4 +- openpyxl >=3.1.5 +- pandas >=2.1 +- plotly >=6.4.0 +- powerplantmatching >=0.5.15 +- pre-commit >=4.3.0 +- proj >=9.6.2 +- pylint >=4.0.2 +- pydeck >0.6 +- pypsa >=0.35.2 +- pyscipopt >=5.6.0 +- pytables >=3.10.2 +- python >=3.10 +- pytz >=2025.2 +- pyxlsb >=1.0.10 +- rasterio >=1.4.3 +- rioxarray >=0.20.0 +- ruff >=0.14.3 +- scipy >=1.16.3 +- seaborn >=0.13.2 +- shapely >=2.0 +- snakemake-executor-plugin-cluster-generic >=1.0.9 +- snakemake-executor-plugin-slurm >=1.9.2 +- snakemake-minimal >=9 +- snakemake-storage-plugin-http >=0.3 +- tenacity >=9.1.2 +- tqdm >=4.67.1 +- tsam >=2.3.1 +- xarray >=2024.3.0,<2025.7.0 +- xlrd >=2.0.2 +- yaml >=0.2.5 +- snakemake-storage-plugin-cached-http >=0.1.0 -# Inhouse packages -- pypsa>=1.0.0 -- atlite>=0.3 -- linopy>=0.4.4 -- powerplantmatching>=0.5.15,<0.7 # restrict ppm until fix of https://github.com/PyPSA/powerplantmatching/issues/229 - -# Dependencies of the workflow itself -- dask -- xlrd -- openpyxl -- seaborn -- snakemake-minimal>=9 -- snakemake-storage-plugin-http>=0.3 -- snakemake-executor-plugin-slurm -- snakemake-executor-plugin-cluster-generic -- memory_profiler -- yaml -- pytables -- lxml -- numpy -- pandas>=2.1 -- geopandas>=1 -- xarray>=2024.03.0,<2025.07.0 -- rioxarray -- netcdf4 -- libgdal-netcdf -- networkx -- scipy -- glpk -- shapely>=2.0 -- matplotlib -- proj -- fiona -- country_converter -- geopy -- tqdm -- pytz -- tabula-py -- pyxlsb -- graphviz -- geojson -- pyscipopt - -# GIS dependencies: -- cartopy -- descartes -- rasterio - -# Development dependencies -- jupyter -- ipython -- pre-commit -- ruff -- pylint - -- pip: - - gurobipy - - highspy - - tsam>=2.3.1 - - entsoe-py diff --git a/envs/linux-64.lock.yaml b/envs/linux-64.lock.yaml deleted file mode 100644 index 602fbe7c4..000000000 --- a/envs/linux-64.lock.yaml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,653 +0,0 @@ -# Generated by conda-lock. -# platform: linux-64 -# input_hash: d3857cc1207b0df6e0a65f289e82855e2342014fe3646df65266195d9c85e29b - -channels: - - conda-forge - - bioconda -name: pypsa-de -dependencies: - - _libgcc_mutex=0.1=conda_forge - - _openmp_mutex=4.5=2_gnu - - _python_abi3_support=1.0=hd8ed1ab_2 - - adwaita-icon-theme=49.0=unix_0 - - affine=2.4.0=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - aiohappyeyeballs=2.6.1=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - aiohttp=3.13.1=py312h033f2cf_0 - - aiosignal=1.4.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - alembic=1.17.1=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - alsa-lib=1.2.14=hb9d3cd8_0 - - ampl-asl=1.0.0=h5888daf_2 - - amply=0.1.6=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - annotated-doc=0.0.3=pyhcf101f3_1 - - annotated-types=0.7.0=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - anyio=4.11.0=pyhcf101f3_0 - - appdirs=1.4.4=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - argon2-cffi=25.1.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - argon2-cffi-bindings=25.1.0=py312h4c3975b_1 - - argparse-dataclass=2.0.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - arrow=1.4.0=pyhcf101f3_0 - - astroid=4.0.1=py312h7900ff3_0 - - asttokens=2.4.1=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - async-lru=2.0.5=pyh29332c3_0 - - at-spi2-atk=2.38.0=h0630a04_3 - - at-spi2-core=2.40.3=h0630a04_0 - - atk-1.0=2.38.0=h04ea711_2 - - atlite=0.4.1=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - attrs=25.4.0=pyh71513ae_0 - - aws-c-auth=0.9.1=h48c9088_3 - - aws-c-cal=0.9.2=he7b75e1_1 - - aws-c-common=0.12.4=hb03c661_0 - - aws-c-compression=0.3.1=h92c474e_6 - - aws-c-event-stream=0.5.6=h82d11aa_3 - - aws-c-http=0.10.4=h94feff3_3 - - aws-c-io=0.22.0=h57f3b0d_1 - - aws-c-mqtt=0.13.3=h2b1cf8c_6 - - aws-c-s3=0.8.6=h4e5ac4b_5 - - aws-c-sdkutils=0.2.4=h92c474e_1 - - aws-checksums=0.2.7=h92c474e_2 - - aws-crt-cpp=0.34.4=h60c762c_0 - - aws-sdk-cpp=1.11.606=h32384e2_4 - - azure-core-cpp=1.16.0=h3a458e0_1 - - azure-identity-cpp=1.12.0=ha729027_0 - - azure-storage-blobs-cpp=12.14.0=hb1c9500_1 - - azure-storage-common-cpp=12.10.0=hebae86a_2 - - azure-storage-files-datalake-cpp=12.12.0=h8b27e44_3 - - babel=2.17.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - bcrypt=5.0.0=py312h868fb18_0 - - beautifulsoup4=4.14.2=pyha770c72_0 - - bleach=6.2.0=pyh29332c3_4 - - bleach-with-css=6.2.0=h82add2a_4 - - blinker=1.9.0=pyhff2d567_0 - - blosc=1.21.6=he440d0b_1 - - bokeh=3.8.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - bottleneck=1.6.0=py312h4f23490_1 - - branca=0.8.2=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - brotli=1.1.0=hb03c661_4 - - brotli-bin=1.1.0=hb03c661_4 - - brotli-python=1.1.0=py312h1289d80_4 - - bzip2=1.0.8=hda65f42_8 - - c-ares=1.34.5=hb9d3cd8_0 - - c-blosc2=2.21.3=h4cfbee9_0 - - ca-certificates=2025.10.5=hbd8a1cb_0 - - cached-property=1.5.2=hd8ed1ab_1 - - cached_property=1.5.2=pyha770c72_1 - - cachetools=6.2.1=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - cairo=1.18.4=h3394656_0 - - cartopy=0.25.0=py312hf79963d_1 - - cdsapi=0.7.7=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - certifi=2025.10.5=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - cffi=2.0.0=py312h35888ee_0 - - cfgrib=0.9.15.1=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - cfgv=3.3.1=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - cftime=1.6.4=py312h4f23490_2 - - charset-normalizer=3.4.4=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - click=8.3.0=pyh707e725_0 - - click-plugins=1.1.1.2=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - cligj=0.7.2=pyhd8ed1ab_2 - - cloudpickle=3.1.1=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - coin-or-cbc=2.10.12=h4d16d09_4 - - coin-or-cgl=0.60.9=hc46dffc_6 - - coin-or-clp=1.17.10=hc03379b_3 - - coin-or-osi=0.108.11=hf4fecb4_7 - - coin-or-utils=2.11.12=hc93afbd_6 - - colorama=0.4.6=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - colour=0.1.5=pyhd8ed1ab_2 - - comm=0.2.3=pyhe01879c_0 - - conda-inject=1.3.2=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - configargparse=1.7.1=pyhe01879c_0 - - connection_pool=0.0.3=pyhd3deb0d_0 - - contourpy=1.3.3=py312hd9148b4_2 - - country_converter=1.3.2=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - cppad=20250000.2=h5888daf_0 - - cpython=3.12.12=py312hd8ed1ab_1 - - cryptography=46.0.3=py312hee9fe19_0 - - cycler=0.12.1=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - cyrus-sasl=2.1.28=hd9c7081_0 - - cytoolz=1.1.0=py312h4c3975b_1 - - dask=2025.10.0=pyhcf101f3_0 - - dask-core=2025.10.0=pyhcf101f3_0 - - dbus=1.16.2=h3c4dab8_0 - - debugpy=1.8.17=py312h8285ef7_0 - - decorator=5.2.1=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - defusedxml=0.7.1=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - deprecation=2.1.0=pyh9f0ad1d_0 - - descartes=1.1.0=pyhd8ed1ab_5 - - dill=0.4.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - distlib=0.4.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - distributed=2025.10.0=pyhcf101f3_0 - - distro=1.9.0=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - dnspython=2.8.0=pyhcf101f3_0 - - docutils=0.22.2=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - double-conversion=3.3.1=h5888daf_0 - - dpath=2.2.0=pyha770c72_0 - - eccodes=2.42.0=h5f92351_0 - - ecmwf-datastores-client=0.4.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - email-validator=2.3.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - email_validator=2.3.0=hd8ed1ab_0 - - entsoe-py=0.7.8=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - epoxy=1.5.10=hb03c661_2 - - et_xmlfile=2.0.0=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - exceptiongroup=1.3.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - executing=2.2.1=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - fastapi=0.120.1=hf67d9db_0 - - fastapi-cli=0.0.13=pyhcf101f3_0 - - fastapi-core=0.120.1=pyhcf101f3_0 - - filelock=3.20.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - findlibs=0.1.2=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - fiona=1.10.1=py312h02b19dd_3 - - flexcache=0.3=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - flexparser=0.4=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - folium=0.20.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - font-ttf-dejavu-sans-mono=2.37=hab24e00_0 - - font-ttf-inconsolata=3.000=h77eed37_0 - - font-ttf-source-code-pro=2.038=h77eed37_0 - - font-ttf-ubuntu=0.83=h77eed37_3 - - fontconfig=2.15.0=h7e30c49_1 - - fonts-conda-ecosystem=1=0 - - fonts-conda-forge=1=0 - - fonttools=4.60.1=py312h8a5da7c_0 - - fqdn=1.5.1=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - freeglut=3.2.2=ha6d2627_3 - - freetype=2.14.1=ha770c72_0 - - freexl=2.0.0=h9dce30a_2 - - fribidi=1.0.16=hb03c661_0 - - frozenlist=1.7.0=py312h447239a_0 - - fsspec=2025.9.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - furl=2.1.4=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - gdk-pixbuf=2.42.12=h2b0a6b4_3 - - geographiclib=2.1=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - geojson=3.2.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - geopandas=1.1.1=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - geopandas-base=1.1.1=pyha770c72_1 - - geopy=2.4.1=pyhd8ed1ab_2 - - geos=3.13.1=h97f6797_0 - - geotiff=1.7.4=h239500f_2 - - gflags=2.2.2=h5888daf_1005 - - giflib=5.2.2=hd590300_0 - - gitdb=4.0.12=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - gitpython=3.1.45=pyhff2d567_0 - - glib-tools=2.84.3=hf516916_0 - - glog=0.7.1=hbabe93e_0 - - glpk=5.0=h445213a_0 - - gmp=6.3.0=hac33072_2 - - google-api-core=2.25.2=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - google-auth=2.42.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - google-cloud-core=2.4.3=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - google-cloud-storage=3.4.1=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - google-crc32c=1.7.1=py312h03f33d3_1 - - google-resumable-media=2.7.2=pyhd8ed1ab_2 - - googleapis-common-protos=1.70.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - graphite2=1.3.14=hecca717_2 - - graphviz=13.1.2=h87b6fe6_0 - - greenlet=3.2.4=py312h1289d80_1 - - grpcio=1.73.1=py312h6f3464c_1 - - gtk3=3.24.43=h0c6a113_5 - - gts=0.7.6=h977cf35_4 - - h11=0.16.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - h2=4.3.0=pyhcf101f3_0 - - h5netcdf=1.7.3=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - h5py=3.15.1=nompi_py312ha4f8f14_100 - - harfbuzz=11.4.5=h15599e2_0 - - hdf4=4.2.15=h2a13503_7 - - hdf5=1.14.6=nompi_h6e4c0c1_103 - - hicolor-icon-theme=0.17=ha770c72_2 - - highspy=1.12.0=np2py312h0f77346_0 - - hpack=4.1.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - httpcore=1.0.9=pyh29332c3_0 - - httptools=0.7.1=py312h4c3975b_0 - - httpx=0.28.1=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - humanfriendly=10.0=pyh707e725_8 - - hyperframe=6.1.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - iam-units=2025.10.13=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - icu=75.1=he02047a_0 - - identify=2.6.15=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - idna=3.11=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - immutables=0.21=py312h4c3975b_2 - - importlib-metadata=8.7.0=pyhe01879c_1 - - infinity=1.5=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - iniconfig=2.3.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - intervals=0.9.2=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - ipopt=3.14.19=h0804adb_0 - - ipykernel=7.1.0=pyha191276_0 - - ipython=9.6.0=pyhfa0c392_0 - - ipython_genutils=0.2.0=pyhd8ed1ab_2 - - ipython_pygments_lexers=1.1.1=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - ipywidgets=7.8.5=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - isoduration=20.11.0=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - isort=7.0.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - ixmp4=0.12.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - jasper=4.2.8=he3c4edf_0 - - jedi=0.19.2=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - jinja2=3.1.6=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - joblib=1.5.2=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - jpype1=1.6.0=py312hd9148b4_1 - - json-c=0.18=h6688a6e_0 - - json5=0.12.1=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - jsonpointer=3.0.0=py312h7900ff3_2 - - jsonschema=4.25.1=pyhe01879c_0 - - jsonschema-specifications=2025.9.1=pyhcf101f3_0 - - jsonschema-with-format-nongpl=4.25.1=he01879c_0 - - jupyter=1.1.1=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - jupyter-lsp=2.3.0=pyhcf101f3_0 - - jupyter_client=8.6.3=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - jupyter_console=6.6.3=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - jupyter_core=5.9.1=pyhc90fa1f_0 - - jupyter_events=0.12.0=pyh29332c3_0 - - jupyter_server=2.17.0=pyhcf101f3_0 - - jupyter_server_terminals=0.5.3=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - jupyterlab=4.4.10=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - jupyterlab_pygments=0.3.0=pyhd8ed1ab_2 - - jupyterlab_server=2.28.0=pyhcf101f3_0 - - jupyterlab_widgets=1.1.11=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - keyutils=1.6.3=hb9d3cd8_0 - - kiwisolver=1.4.9=py312h0a2e395_1 - - krb5=1.21.3=h659f571_0 - - lark=1.3.1=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - lcms2=2.17=h717163a_0 - - ld_impl_linux-64=2.44=h1aa0949_4 - - lerc=4.0.0=h0aef613_1 - - levenshtein=0.27.1=py312h1289d80_1 - - libabseil=20250512.1=cxx17_hba17884_0 - - libaec=1.1.4=h3f801dc_0 - - libarchive=3.8.1=gpl_h98cc613_100 - - libarrow=21.0.0=h56a6dad_8_cpu - - libarrow-acero=21.0.0=h635bf11_8_cpu - - libarrow-compute=21.0.0=h8c2c5c3_8_cpu - - libarrow-dataset=21.0.0=h635bf11_8_cpu - - libarrow-substrait=21.0.0=h3f74fd7_8_cpu - - libblas=3.9.0=38_h4a7cf45_openblas - - libbrotlicommon=1.1.0=hb03c661_4 - - libbrotlidec=1.1.0=hb03c661_4 - - libbrotlienc=1.1.0=hb03c661_4 - - libcblas=3.9.0=38_h0358290_openblas - - libclang-cpp20.1=20.1.8=default_h99862b1_4 - - libclang13=21.1.0=default_h746c552_1 - - libcrc32c=1.1.2=h9c3ff4c_0 - - libcups=2.3.3=hb8b1518_5 - - libcurl=8.16.0=h4e3cde8_0 - - libdeflate=1.24=h86f0d12_0 - - libdrm=2.4.125=hb03c661_1 - - libedit=3.1.20250104=pl5321h7949ede_0 - - libegl=1.7.0=ha4b6fd6_2 - - libegl-devel=1.7.0=ha4b6fd6_2 - 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libkml=1.3.0=haa4a5bd_1022 - - liblapack=3.9.0=38_h47877c9_openblas - - liblapacke=3.9.0=38_h6ae95b6_openblas - - libllvm20=20.1.8=hecd9e04_0 - - libllvm21=21.1.0=hecd9e04_0 - - liblzma=5.8.1=hb9d3cd8_2 - - liblzma-devel=5.8.1=hb9d3cd8_2 - - libnetcdf=4.9.2=nompi_h21f7587_118 - - libnghttp2=1.67.0=had1ee68_0 - - libnsl=2.0.1=hb9d3cd8_1 - - libntlm=1.8=hb9d3cd8_0 - - libopenblas=0.3.30=pthreads_h94d23a6_2 - - libopengl=1.7.0=ha4b6fd6_2 - - libopentelemetry-cpp=1.21.0=hb9b0907_1 - - libopentelemetry-cpp-headers=1.21.0=ha770c72_1 - - libparquet=21.0.0=h790f06f_8_cpu - - libpciaccess=0.18=hb9d3cd8_0 - - libpng=1.6.50=h421ea60_1 - - libpq=17.6=h3675c94_2 - - libprotobuf=6.31.1=h49aed37_2 - - libre2-11=2025.08.12=h7b12aa8_1 - - librsvg=2.58.4=he92a37e_3 - - librttopo=1.1.0=hd718a1a_18 - - libscotch=7.0.4=h2fe6a88_5 - - libsodium=1.0.20=h4ab18f5_0 - - libspatialite=5.1.0=he17ca71_14 - - libspral=2025.05.20=hfabd9d1_1 - - libsqlite=3.50.4=h0c1763c_0 - - libssh2=1.11.1=hcf80075_0 - - libstdcxx=15.2.0=h8f9b012_7 - - libstdcxx-ng=15.2.0=h4852527_7 - - libthrift=0.22.0=h454ac66_1 - - libtiff=4.7.1=h8261f1e_0 - - libutf8proc=2.11.0=hb04c3b8_0 - - libuuid=2.41.2=he9a06e4_0 - - libuv=1.51.0=hb03c661_1 - - libwebp-base=1.6.0=hd42ef1d_0 - - libxcb=1.17.0=h8a09558_0 - - libxcrypt=4.4.36=hd590300_1 - - libxkbcommon=1.11.0=he8b52b9_0 - - libxml2=2.13.8=h04c0eec_1 - - libxslt=1.1.43=h7a3aeb2_0 - - libzip=1.11.2=h6991a6a_0 - - libzlib=1.3.1=hb9d3cd8_2 - - linopy=0.5.8=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - locket=1.0.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - lxml=6.0.2=py312h70dad80_0 - - lz4=4.4.4=py312h5d89b6d_1 - - lz4-c=1.10.0=h5888daf_1 - - lzo=2.10=h280c20c_1002 - - mako=1.3.10=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - mapclassify=2.10.0=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - markdown-it-py=4.0.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - markupsafe=3.0.3=py312h8a5da7c_0 - - matplotlib=3.10.7=py312h7900ff3_0 - - matplotlib-base=3.10.7=py312he3d6523_0 - - matplotlib-inline=0.2.1=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - mccabe=0.7.0=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - mdurl=0.1.2=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - memory_profiler=0.61.0=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - metis=5.1.0=hd0bcaf9_1007 - - minizip=4.0.10=h05a5f5f_0 - - mistune=3.1.4=pyhcf101f3_0 - - mpfr=4.2.1=h90cbb55_3 - - msgpack-python=1.1.2=py312hd9148b4_0 - - multidict=6.6.3=py312h178313f_0 - - multiurl=0.3.7=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - mumps-include=5.7.3=h82cca05_10 - - mumps-seq=5.7.3=h27a6a8b_0 - - munkres=1.1.4=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - mypy=1.18.2=py312h4c3975b_0 - - mypy_extensions=1.1.0=pyha770c72_0 - - narwhals=2.10.0=pyhcf101f3_0 - - nbclient=0.10.2=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - nbconvert-core=7.16.6=pyhcf101f3_1 - - nbformat=5.10.4=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - ncurses=6.5=h2d0b736_3 - - nest-asyncio=1.6.0=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - netcdf4=1.7.2=nompi_py312hdd76c12_103 - - networkx=3.5=pyhe01879c_0 - - nlohmann_json=3.12.0=h54a6638_1 - - nodeenv=1.9.1=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - nomkl=1.0=h5ca1d4c_0 - - notebook=7.4.7=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - notebook-shim=0.2.4=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - numexpr=2.14.1=py312h88efc94_100 - - numpy=1.26.4=py312heda63a1_0 - - oauthlib=3.3.1=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - openjdk=24.0.2=h5755bd7_0 - - openjpeg=2.5.4=h55fea9a_0 - - 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polars-runtime-32=1.35.0=py310hffdcd12_0 - - powerplantmatching=0.6.1=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - pre-commit=4.3.0=pyha770c72_0 - - progressbar2=4.5.0=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - proj=9.6.2=h18fbb6c_2 - - prometheus-cpp=1.3.0=ha5d0236_0 - - prometheus_client=0.23.1=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - prompt-toolkit=3.0.52=pyha770c72_0 - - prompt_toolkit=3.0.52=hd8ed1ab_0 - - propcache=0.3.1=py312h178313f_0 - - proto-plus=1.26.1=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - protobuf=6.31.1=py312hb8af0ac_2 - - psutil=7.1.2=py312h5253ce2_0 - - psycopg=3.2.10=pyh848bd53_2 - - psycopg-c=3.2.10=py312h9b58c09_0 - - pthread-stubs=0.4=hb9d3cd8_1002 - - ptyprocess=0.7.0=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - pulp=2.8.0=py312hd0750ca_3 - - pure_eval=0.2.3=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - py-cpuinfo=9.0.0=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - pyam=3.0.0=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - pyarrow=21.0.0=py312h7900ff3_1 - - pyarrow-core=21.0.0=py312hc195796_1_cpu - - pyasn1=0.6.1=pyhd8ed1ab_2 - - pyasn1-modules=0.4.2=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - pycountry=24.6.1=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - pycparser=2.22=pyh29332c3_1 - - pydantic=2.12.3=pyh3cfb1c2_0 - - pydantic-core=2.41.4=py312h868fb18_0 - - pydantic-settings=2.11.0=pyh3cfb1c2_0 - - pydeck=0.9.1=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - pygments=2.19.2=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - pyjwt=2.10.1=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - pylint=4.0.2=pyhcf101f3_0 - - pyogrio=0.11.0=py312h02b19dd_0 - - pyopenssl=25.3.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - pyparsing=3.2.5=pyhcf101f3_0 - - pyproj=3.7.2=py312h1c88c49_1 - - pypsa=1.0.2=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - pyscipopt=5.6.0=py312h1289d80_1 - - pyshp=3.0.2=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - pyside6=6.9.2=py312h5654102_1 - - pysocks=1.7.1=pyha55dd90_7 - - pytables=3.10.2=py312hefc0c3f_9 - - pytest=8.4.2=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - python=3.12.12=hfe2f287_0_cpython - - python-dateutil=2.9.0.post0=pyhe01879c_2 - - python-dotenv=1.2.1=pyhcf101f3_0 - - python-eccodes=2.42.0=py312h4f23490_0 - - python-fastjsonschema=2.21.2=pyhe01879c_0 - - python-gil=3.12.12=hd8ed1ab_1 - - python-json-logger=2.0.7=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - python-multipart=0.0.20=pyhff2d567_0 - - python-tzdata=2025.2=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - python-utils=3.9.1=pyhff2d567_1 - - python_abi=3.12=8_cp312 - - pytz=2025.2=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - pyu2f=0.1.5=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - pyxlsb=1.0.10=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - pyyaml=6.0.3=py312h8a5da7c_0 - - pyzmq=27.1.0=py312hfb55c3c_0 - - qhull=2020.2=h434a139_5 - - qt6-main=6.9.2=h3fc9a0a_0 - - rapidfuzz=3.14.1=py312h1289d80_0 - - rasterio=1.4.3=py312h1df8778_2 - - re2=2025.08.12=h5301d42_1 - - readline=8.2=h8c095d6_2 - - referencing=0.37.0=pyhcf101f3_0 - - requests=2.32.5=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - requests-oauthlib=1.4.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - reretry=0.11.8=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - rfc3339-validator=0.1.4=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - rfc3986-validator=0.1.1=pyh9f0ad1d_0 - - rfc3987-syntax=1.1.0=pyhe01879c_1 - - rich=14.2.0=pyhcf101f3_0 - - rich-toolkit=0.15.1=pyhcf101f3_0 - - rioxarray=0.20.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - rpds-py=0.28.0=py312h868fb18_1 - - rsa=4.9.1=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - ruamel.yaml=0.18.16=py312h4c3975b_0 - - ruamel.yaml.clib=0.2.14=py312h4c3975b_0 - - ruff=0.14.2=ha3a3aed_0 - - s2n=1.5.26=h5ac9029_0 - - scikit-learn=1.7.2=py312h4f0b9e3_0 - - scip=9.2.4=h61578e6_0 - - scipy=1.16.3=py312h7a1785b_0 - 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snappy=1.2.2=h03e3b7b_0 - - sniffio=1.3.1=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - snuggs=1.4.7=pyhd8ed1ab_2 - - sortedcontainers=2.4.0=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - soupsieve=2.8=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - sqlalchemy=2.0.43=py312h4c3975b_1 - - sqlalchemy-utils=0.42.0=hd8ed1ab_0 - - sqlalchemy-utils-arrow=0.42.0=hd8ed1ab_0 - - sqlalchemy-utils-babel=0.42.0=hd8ed1ab_0 - - sqlalchemy-utils-base=0.42.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - sqlalchemy-utils-color=0.42.0=hd8ed1ab_0 - - sqlalchemy-utils-encrypted=0.42.0=hd8ed1ab_0 - - sqlalchemy-utils-intervals=0.42.0=hd8ed1ab_0 - - sqlalchemy-utils-password=0.42.0=hd8ed1ab_0 - - sqlalchemy-utils-pendulum=0.42.0=hd8ed1ab_0 - - sqlalchemy-utils-phone=0.42.0=hd8ed1ab_0 - - sqlalchemy-utils-timezone=0.42.0=hd8ed1ab_0 - - sqlalchemy-utils-url=0.42.0=hd8ed1ab_0 - - sqlalchemy-with-postgresql-psycopg=2.0.43=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - sqlalchemy-with-postgresql-psycopgbinary=2.0.43=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - sqlite=3.50.4=hbc0de68_0 - - stack_data=0.6.3=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - starlette=0.49.1=pyhfdc7a7d_0 - - statsmodels=0.14.5=py312h4f23490_1 - - tabula-py=2.7.0=py312h7900ff3_1 - - tabulate=0.9.0=pyhd8ed1ab_2 - - tbb=2022.2.0=hb60516a_1 - - tblib=3.1.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - terminado=0.18.1=pyh0d859eb_0 - - threadpoolctl=3.6.0=pyhecae5ae_0 - - throttler=1.2.2=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - time-machine=2.19.0=py312h5253ce2_1 - - tinycss2=1.4.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - tk=8.6.13=noxft_hd72426e_102 - - toml=0.10.2=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - tomli=2.3.0=pyhcf101f3_0 - - tomlkit=0.13.3=pyha770c72_0 - - toolz=1.1.0=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - tornado=6.5.2=py312h4c3975b_1 - - tqdm=4.67.1=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - traitlets=5.14.3=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - typeguard=4.4.4=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - typer=0.20.0=pyhdb1f59b_0 - - typer-slim=0.20.0=pyhcf101f3_0 - - typer-slim-standard=0.20.0=h65a100f_0 - - typing-extensions=4.15.0=h396c80c_0 - - typing-inspection=0.4.2=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - typing_extensions=4.15.0=pyhcf101f3_0 - - typing_inspect=0.9.0=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - typing_utils=0.1.0=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - tzdata=2025b=h78e105d_0 - - ukkonen=1.0.1=py312hd9148b4_6 - - unicodedata2=16.0.0=py312h4c3975b_1 - - unidecode=1.3.8=pyh29332c3_1 - - uri-template=1.3.0=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - uriparser=0.9.8=hac33072_0 - - urllib3=2.5.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - uvicorn=0.38.0=pyh31011fe_0 - - uvicorn-standard=0.38.0=h31011fe_0 - - uvloop=0.22.1=py312h4c3975b_0 - - validators=0.35.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - virtualenv=20.35.4=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - watchfiles=1.1.1=py312h0ccc70a_0 - - wayland=1.24.0=h3e06ad9_0 - - wcwidth=0.2.14=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - webcolors=24.11.1=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - webencodings=0.5.1=pyhd8ed1ab_3 - - websocket-client=1.9.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - websockets=15.0.1=py312h5253ce2_2 - - wheel=0.45.1=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - widgetsnbextension=3.6.10=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - wquantiles=0.6=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - wrapt=1.17.3=py312h4c3975b_1 - - xarray=2025.6.1=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - xcb-util=0.4.1=h4f16b4b_2 - - xcb-util-cursor=0.1.5=hb9d3cd8_0 - - xcb-util-image=0.4.0=hb711507_2 - - xcb-util-keysyms=0.4.1=hb711507_0 - - xcb-util-renderutil=0.3.10=hb711507_0 - - xcb-util-wm=0.4.2=hb711507_0 - - xerces-c=3.2.5=h988505b_2 - - xkeyboard-config=2.46=hb03c661_0 - - xlrd=2.0.2=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - xlsxwriter=3.2.9=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - xorg-libice=1.1.2=hb9d3cd8_0 - - xorg-libsm=1.2.6=he73a12e_0 - - xorg-libx11=1.8.12=h4f16b4b_0 - - xorg-libxau=1.0.12=hb9d3cd8_0 - - xorg-libxcomposite=0.4.6=hb9d3cd8_2 - - xorg-libxcursor=1.2.3=hb9d3cd8_0 - - xorg-libxdamage=1.1.6=hb9d3cd8_0 - - xorg-libxdmcp=1.1.5=hb9d3cd8_0 - - xorg-libxext=1.3.6=hb9d3cd8_0 - - xorg-libxfixes=6.0.2=hb03c661_0 - - xorg-libxi=1.8.2=hb9d3cd8_0 - - xorg-libxinerama=1.1.5=h5888daf_1 - - xorg-libxrandr=1.5.4=hb9d3cd8_0 - - xorg-libxrender=0.9.12=hb9d3cd8_0 - - xorg-libxt=1.3.1=hb9d3cd8_0 - - xorg-libxtst=1.2.5=hb9d3cd8_3 - - xorg-libxxf86vm=1.1.6=hb9d3cd8_0 - - xorg-xorgproto=2024.1=hb9d3cd8_1 - - xyzservices=2025.4.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - xz=5.8.1=hbcc6ac9_2 - - xz-gpl-tools=5.8.1=hbcc6ac9_2 - - xz-tools=5.8.1=hb9d3cd8_2 - - yaml=0.2.5=h280c20c_3 - - yarl=1.22.0=py312h8a5da7c_0 - - yte=1.8.1=pyha770c72_0 - - zeromq=4.3.5=h387f397_9 - - zict=3.0.0=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - zipp=3.23.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - zlib=1.3.1=hb9d3cd8_2 - - zlib-ng=2.2.5=hde8ca8f_0 - - zstandard=0.25.0=py312h5253ce2_0 - - zstd=1.5.7=hb8e6e7a_2 - - pip: - - gurobipy == 12.0.3 --hash=sha256:b3f971caf270f671b6ffcf5b937b3c0430a5264b0f01529dc8681d61c221f215 - - ply == 3.11 --hash=sha256:096f9b8350b65ebd2fd1346b12452efe5b9607f7482813ffca50c22722a807ce - - pyomo == 6.9.5 --hash=sha256:a1923c358e1e8009a05ada911fc72e615c9e2ce6988f0979ec1ecc75880ee1f7 - - tsam == 2.3.9 --hash=sha256:edcc4febb9e1dacc028bc819d710974ede8f563467c3d235a250f46416f93a1b diff --git a/envs/osx-64.lock.yaml b/envs/osx-64.lock.yaml deleted file mode 100644 index d8c8bd031..000000000 --- a/envs/osx-64.lock.yaml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,589 +0,0 @@ -# Generated by conda-lock. -# platform: osx-64 -# input_hash: 600881290e0e6a245b0a5406f116097bf5b6dee49ebace5836002991ff8076bf - -channels: - - conda-forge - - bioconda -name: pypsa-de -dependencies: - - _python_abi3_support=1.0=hd8ed1ab_2 - - adwaita-icon-theme=49.0=unix_0 - - affine=2.4.0=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - aiohappyeyeballs=2.6.1=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - aiohttp=3.13.2=py312h352d07c_0 - - aiosignal=1.4.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - alembic=1.17.1=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - ampl-asl=1.0.0=h240833e_2 - - amply=0.1.6=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - annotated-doc=0.0.3=pyhcf101f3_1 - - annotated-types=0.7.0=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - anyio=4.11.0=pyhcf101f3_0 - - appdirs=1.4.4=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - appnope=0.1.4=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - argon2-cffi=25.1.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - argon2-cffi-bindings=25.1.0=py312h80b0991_1 - - argparse-dataclass=2.0.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - arrow=1.4.0=pyhcf101f3_0 - - astroid=4.0.1=py312hb401068_0 - - asttokens=2.4.1=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - async-lru=2.0.5=pyh29332c3_0 - - atk-1.0=2.38.0=h4bec284_2 - - atlite=0.4.1=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - attrs=25.4.0=pyh71513ae_0 - - aws-c-auth=0.9.1=h2e727e9_3 - - aws-c-cal=0.9.2=h6f29d6d_1 - - aws-c-common=0.12.4=h1c43f85_0 - - aws-c-compression=0.3.1=h7a4e982_6 - - aws-c-event-stream=0.5.6=hfc6d359_3 - - aws-c-http=0.10.4=h892fe1a_3 - - aws-c-io=0.22.0=h5c36c82_1 - - aws-c-mqtt=0.13.3=h04ed212_6 - - aws-c-s3=0.8.6=h19e4261_5 - - aws-c-sdkutils=0.2.4=h7a4e982_1 - - aws-checksums=0.2.7=h7a4e982_2 - - aws-crt-cpp=0.34.4=h3f46267_0 - - aws-sdk-cpp=1.11.606=hda6ec86_4 - - azure-core-cpp=1.16.0=he2a98a9_1 - - azure-identity-cpp=1.12.0=hc0a8a32_0 - - azure-storage-blobs-cpp=12.14.0=hb076ce7_1 - - azure-storage-common-cpp=12.10.0=h18ceab9_2 - - azure-storage-files-datalake-cpp=12.12.0=h8df8335_3 - - babel=2.17.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - bcrypt=5.0.0=py312h8a6388b_0 - - beautifulsoup4=4.14.2=pyha770c72_0 - - bleach=6.2.0=pyh29332c3_4 - - bleach-with-css=6.2.0=h82add2a_4 - - blinker=1.9.0=pyhff2d567_0 - - blosc=1.21.6=hd145fbb_1 - - bokeh=3.8.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - bottleneck=1.6.0=py312h391ab28_1 - - branca=0.8.2=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - brotli=1.1.0=h1c43f85_4 - - brotli-bin=1.1.0=h1c43f85_4 - - brotli-python=1.1.0=py312h462f358_4 - - bzip2=1.0.8=h500dc9f_8 - - c-ares=1.34.5=hf13058a_0 - - c-blosc2=2.21.3=h415348b_0 - - ca-certificates=2025.10.5=hbd8a1cb_0 - - cached-property=1.5.2=hd8ed1ab_1 - - cached_property=1.5.2=pyha770c72_1 - - cachetools=6.2.1=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - cairo=1.18.4=h950ec3b_0 - - cartopy=0.25.0=py312h86abcb1_1 - - cdsapi=0.7.7=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - certifi=2025.10.5=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - cffi=2.0.0=py312hf9bc6d9_0 - - cfgrib=0.9.15.1=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - cfgv=3.3.1=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - cftime=1.6.4=py312h587b97d_2 - - charset-normalizer=3.4.4=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - click=8.3.0=pyh707e725_0 - - click-plugins=1.1.1.2=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - cligj=0.7.2=pyhd8ed1ab_2 - - cloudpickle=3.1.1=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - coin-or-cbc=2.10.12=h084678f_4 - - coin-or-cgl=0.60.9=hbb40df2_6 - - coin-or-clp=1.17.10=heb008f4_3 - - coin-or-osi=0.108.11=hd53559c_7 - - coin-or-utils=2.11.12=h424655f_6 - - colorama=0.4.6=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - colour=0.1.5=pyhd8ed1ab_2 - - comm=0.2.3=pyhe01879c_0 - - conda-inject=1.3.2=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - configargparse=1.7.1=pyhe01879c_0 - - connection_pool=0.0.3=pyhd3deb0d_0 - - contourpy=1.3.3=py312hedd4973_2 - - country_converter=1.3.2=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - cppad=20250000.2=h240833e_0 - - cpython=3.12.12=py312hd8ed1ab_1 - - cryptography=46.0.3=py312hb922d34_0 - - cycler=0.12.1=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - cyrus-sasl=2.1.28=h610c526_0 - - cytoolz=1.1.0=py312h80b0991_1 - - dask=2025.10.0=pyhcf101f3_0 - - dask-core=2025.10.0=pyhcf101f3_0 - - debugpy=1.8.17=py312hbfd3414_0 - - decorator=5.2.1=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - defusedxml=0.7.1=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - deprecation=2.1.0=pyh9f0ad1d_0 - - descartes=1.1.0=pyhd8ed1ab_5 - - dill=0.4.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - distlib=0.4.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - distributed=2025.10.0=pyhcf101f3_0 - - dnspython=2.8.0=pyhcf101f3_0 - - docutils=0.22.2=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - dpath=2.2.0=pyha770c72_0 - - eccodes=2.42.0=h5fc628f_0 - - ecmwf-datastores-client=0.4.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - email-validator=2.3.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - email_validator=2.3.0=hd8ed1ab_0 - - entsoe-py=0.7.8=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - epoxy=1.5.10=h8616949_2 - - et_xmlfile=2.0.0=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - exceptiongroup=1.3.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - executing=2.2.1=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - fastapi=0.120.1=hf67d9db_0 - - fastapi-cli=0.0.13=pyhcf101f3_0 - - fastapi-core=0.120.1=pyhcf101f3_0 - - filelock=3.20.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - findlibs=0.1.2=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - fiona=1.10.1=py312h4bcfd6b_3 - - flexcache=0.3=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - flexparser=0.4=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - folium=0.20.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - font-ttf-dejavu-sans-mono=2.37=hab24e00_0 - - font-ttf-inconsolata=3.000=h77eed37_0 - - font-ttf-source-code-pro=2.038=h77eed37_0 - - font-ttf-ubuntu=0.83=h77eed37_3 - - fontconfig=2.15.0=h37eeddb_1 - - fonts-conda-ecosystem=1=0 - - fonts-conda-forge=1=0 - - fonttools=4.60.1=py312hacf3034_0 - - fqdn=1.5.1=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - freetype=2.14.1=h694c41f_0 - - freexl=2.0.0=h3183152_2 - - fribidi=1.0.16=h8616949_0 - - frozenlist=1.7.0=py312h18bfd43_0 - - fsspec=2025.9.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - furl=2.1.4=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - gdk-pixbuf=2.42.12=h5720e38_3 - - geographiclib=2.1=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - geojson=3.2.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - geopandas=1.1.1=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - geopandas-base=1.1.1=pyha770c72_1 - - geopy=2.4.1=pyhd8ed1ab_2 - - geos=3.13.1=h502464c_0 - - geotiff=1.7.4=h88234f0_2 - - gflags=2.2.2=hac325c4_1005 - - giflib=5.2.2=h10d778d_0 - - gitdb=4.0.12=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - gitpython=3.1.45=pyhff2d567_0 - - glib-tools=2.84.3=h35d42e9_0 - - glog=0.7.1=h2790a97_0 - - glpk=5.0=h3cb5acd_0 - - gmp=6.3.0=hf036a51_2 - - google-api-core=2.25.2=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - google-auth=2.42.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - google-cloud-core=2.4.3=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - google-cloud-storage=3.4.1=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - google-crc32c=1.7.1=py312h0d55a24_1 - - google-resumable-media=2.7.2=pyhd8ed1ab_2 - - googleapis-common-protos=1.70.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - graphite2=1.3.14=h21dd04a_2 - - graphviz=13.1.2=h42bfd48_0 - - greenlet=3.2.4=py312h462f358_1 - - grpcio=1.73.1=py312h53eab48_1 - - gtk3=3.24.43=h70b172e_5 - - gts=0.7.6=h53e17e3_4 - - h11=0.16.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - h2=4.3.0=pyhcf101f3_0 - - h5netcdf=1.7.3=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - h5py=3.15.1=nompi_py312hcf08926_100 - - harfbuzz=11.4.5=h0ffbb26_0 - - hdf4=4.2.15=h8138101_7 - - hdf5=1.14.6=nompi_hc8237f9_103 - - hicolor-icon-theme=0.17=h694c41f_2 - - highspy=1.12.0=np2py312h855832a_0 - - hpack=4.1.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - httpcore=1.0.9=pyh29332c3_0 - - httptools=0.7.1=py312h80b0991_0 - - httpx=0.28.1=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - humanfriendly=10.0=pyh707e725_8 - - hyperframe=6.1.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - iam-units=2025.10.13=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - icu=75.1=h120a0e1_0 - - identify=2.6.15=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - idna=3.11=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - immutables=0.21=py312h2f459f6_2 - - importlib-metadata=8.7.0=pyhe01879c_1 - - infinity=1.5=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - iniconfig=2.3.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - intervals=0.9.2=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - ipopt=3.14.19=h69634d0_1 - - ipykernel=7.1.0=pyh5552912_0 - - ipython=9.6.0=pyhfa0c392_0 - - ipython_genutils=0.2.0=pyhd8ed1ab_2 - - ipython_pygments_lexers=1.1.1=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - ipywidgets=7.8.5=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - isoduration=20.11.0=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - isort=7.0.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - ixmp4=0.12.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - jasper=4.2.8=h9ce442b_0 - - jedi=0.19.2=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - jinja2=3.1.6=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - joblib=1.5.2=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - jpype1=1.6.0=py312hedd4973_1 - - json-c=0.18=hc62ec3d_0 - - json5=0.12.1=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - jsonpointer=3.0.0=py312hb401068_2 - - jsonschema=4.25.1=pyhe01879c_0 - - jsonschema-specifications=2025.9.1=pyhcf101f3_0 - - jsonschema-with-format-nongpl=4.25.1=he01879c_0 - - jupyter=1.1.1=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - jupyter-lsp=2.3.0=pyhcf101f3_0 - - jupyter_client=8.6.3=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - jupyter_console=6.6.3=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - jupyter_core=5.9.1=pyhc90fa1f_0 - - jupyter_events=0.12.0=pyh29332c3_0 - - jupyter_server=2.17.0=pyhcf101f3_0 - - jupyter_server_terminals=0.5.3=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - jupyterlab=4.4.10=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - jupyterlab_pygments=0.3.0=pyhd8ed1ab_2 - - jupyterlab_server=2.28.0=pyhcf101f3_0 - - jupyterlab_widgets=1.1.11=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - kiwisolver=1.4.9=py312hef387a8_1 - - krb5=1.21.3=h37d8d59_0 - - lark=1.3.1=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - lcms2=2.17=h72f5680_0 - - lerc=4.0.0=hcca01a6_1 - - levenshtein=0.27.1=py312h462f358_1 - - libabseil=20250512.1=cxx17_hfc00f1c_0 - - libaec=1.1.4=ha6bc127_0 - - libarchive=3.8.1=gpl_h9912a37_100 - - libarrow=21.0.0=h3202d62_8_cpu - - libarrow-acero=21.0.0=h2db2d7d_8_cpu - - libarrow-compute=21.0.0=h7751554_8_cpu - - libarrow-dataset=21.0.0=h2db2d7d_8_cpu - - libarrow-substrait=21.0.0=h4653b8a_8_cpu - - libblas=3.9.0=38_he492b99_openblas - - libbrotlicommon=1.1.0=h1c43f85_4 - - libbrotlidec=1.1.0=h1c43f85_4 - - libbrotlienc=1.1.0=h1c43f85_4 - - libcblas=3.9.0=38_h9b27e0a_openblas - - libcrc32c=1.1.2=he49afe7_0 - - libcurl=8.16.0=h7dd4100_0 - - libcxx=21.1.4=h3d58e20_0 - - libdeflate=1.24=hcc1b750_0 - - libedit=3.1.20250104=pl5321ha958ccf_0 - - libev=4.33=h10d778d_2 - - libevent=2.1.12=ha90c15b_1 - - libexpat=2.7.1=h21dd04a_0 - - libffi=3.4.6=h281671d_1 - - libfreetype=2.14.1=h694c41f_0 - - libfreetype6=2.14.1=h6912278_0 - - libgd=2.3.3=h8555400_11 - - libgdal-core=3.10.3=h55ca5b3_13 - - libgdal-hdf4=3.10.3=h8901399_13 - - libgdal-hdf5=3.10.3=h0a28ed5_13 - - libgdal-netcdf=3.10.3=h0c976dc_13 - - libgfortran=15.2.0=h306097a_1 - - libgfortran5=15.2.0=h336fb69_1 - - libglib=2.84.3=h5fed8df_0 - - libgoogle-cloud=2.39.0=hed66dea_0 - - libgoogle-cloud-storage=2.39.0=h8ac052b_0 - - libgrpc=1.73.1=h451496d_1 - - libhwloc=2.12.1=default_h8c32e24_1000 - - libiconv=1.18=h57a12c2_2 - - libintl=0.25.1=h3184127_1 - - libjpeg-turbo=3.1.0=h6e16a3a_0 - - libkml=1.3.0=h450b6c2_1022 - - liblapack=3.9.0=38_h859234e_openblas - - liblapacke=3.9.0=38_h94b3770_openblas - - liblzma=5.8.1=hd471939_2 - - libnetcdf=4.9.2=nompi_h6054f6d_118 - - libnghttp2=1.67.0=h3338091_0 - - libntlm=1.8=h6e16a3a_0 - - libopenblas=0.3.30=openmp_h6006d49_2 - - libopentelemetry-cpp=1.21.0=h7d3f41d_1 - - libopentelemetry-cpp-headers=1.21.0=h694c41f_1 - - libparquet=21.0.0=ha67a804_8_cpu - - libpng=1.6.50=h84aeda2_1 - - libpq=18.0=h5a4e477_0 - - libprotobuf=6.31.1=h03562ea_2 - - libre2-11=2025.08.12=h554ac88_1 - - librsvg=2.58.4=h21a6cfa_3 - - librttopo=1.1.0=hd2ea1e3_18 - - libscotch=7.0.10=int64_hcdc3ddd_1 - - libsodium=1.0.20=hfdf4475_0 - - libspatialite=5.1.0=hf0eb338_14 - - libsqlite=3.50.4=h39a8b3b_0 - - libssh2=1.11.1=hed3591d_0 - - libthrift=0.22.0=h687e942_1 - - libtiff=4.7.1=haa3b502_0 - - libutf8proc=2.11.0=h64b4c5c_0 - - libuv=1.51.0=h58003a5_1 - - libwebp-base=1.6.0=hb807250_0 - - libxcb=1.17.0=hf1f96e2_0 - - libxml2=2.13.8=he1bc88e_1 - - libxslt=1.1.43=h59ddae0_0 - - libzip=1.11.2=h31df5bb_0 - - libzlib=1.3.1=hd23fc13_2 - - linopy=0.5.8=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - llvm-openmp=21.1.4=h472b3d1_0 - - locket=1.0.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - lxml=6.0.2=py312hb60217b_0 - - lz4=4.4.4=py312he31b9f6_1 - - lz4-c=1.10.0=h240833e_1 - - lzo=2.10=h4132b18_1002 - - mako=1.3.10=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - mapclassify=2.10.0=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - markdown-it-py=4.0.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - markupsafe=3.0.3=py312hacf3034_0 - - matplotlib=3.10.7=py312hb401068_0 - - matplotlib-base=3.10.7=py312h7894933_0 - - matplotlib-inline=0.2.1=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - mccabe=0.7.0=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - mdurl=0.1.2=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - memory_profiler=0.61.0=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - metis=5.1.0=h3023b02_1007 - - minizip=4.0.10=hfb7a1ec_0 - - mistune=3.1.4=pyhcf101f3_0 - - mpfr=4.2.1=haed47dc_3 - - msgpack-python=1.1.2=py312hd099df3_0 - - multidict=6.6.3=py312h6f3313d_0 - - multiurl=0.3.7=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - mumps-include=5.8.1=hc797fd9_4 - - mumps-seq=5.8.1=h28c60b8_4 - - munkres=1.1.4=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - mypy=1.18.2=py312h80b0991_0 - - mypy_extensions=1.1.0=pyha770c72_0 - - narwhals=2.10.0=pyhcf101f3_0 - - nbclient=0.10.2=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - nbconvert-core=7.16.6=pyhcf101f3_1 - - nbformat=5.10.4=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - ncurses=6.5=h0622a9a_3 - - nest-asyncio=1.6.0=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - netcdf4=1.7.2=nompi_py312h5646c37_103 - - networkx=3.5=pyhe01879c_0 - - nlohmann_json=3.12.0=h53ec75d_1 - - nodeenv=1.9.1=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - notebook=7.4.7=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - notebook-shim=0.2.4=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - numexpr=2.14.1=py312hd12f69b_0 - - numpy=1.26.4=py312he3a82b2_0 - - oauthlib=3.3.1=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - openjdk=24.0.2=h2d74430_0 - - openjpeg=2.5.4=h87e8dc5_0 - - openldap=2.6.10=hd8a590d_0 - - openpyxl=3.1.5=py312hc14bf67_2 - - openssl=3.5.4=h230baf5_0 - - orc=2.2.1=hd1b02dc_0 - - orderedmultidict=1.0.1=pyhd8ed1ab_2 - - overrides=7.7.0=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - packaging=25.0=pyh29332c3_1 - - pandas=2.3.3=py312h86abcb1_1 - - pandera=0.26.1=hd8ed1ab_0 - - pandera-base=0.26.1=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - pandocfilters=1.5.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - pango=1.56.4=h6ef8af8_0 - - parso=0.8.5=pyhcf101f3_0 - - partd=1.4.2=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - passlib=1.7.4=pyhd8ed1ab_2 - - pathspec=0.12.1=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - patsy=1.0.2=pyhcf101f3_0 - - pcre2=10.45=hf733adb_0 - - pendulum=3.1.0=py312h0d0de52_0 - - pexpect=4.9.0=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - phonenumbers=9.0.17=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - pickleshare=0.7.5=pyhd8ed1ab_1004 - - pillow=12.0.0=py312h6000a1f_0 - - pint=0.25=pyhe01879c_0 - - pip=25.2=pyh8b19718_0 - - pixman=0.46.4=ha059160_1 - - plac=1.4.5=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - platformdirs=4.5.0=pyhcf101f3_0 - - plotly=6.3.1=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - pluggy=1.6.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - polars=1.35.0=pyh6a1acc5_0 - - polars-runtime-32=1.35.0=py310hfb6bc98_0 - - powerplantmatching=0.6.1=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - pre-commit=4.3.0=pyha770c72_0 - - progressbar2=4.5.0=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - proj=9.6.2=h8462e38_2 - - prometheus-cpp=1.3.0=h7802330_0 - - prometheus_client=0.23.1=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - prompt-toolkit=3.0.52=pyha770c72_0 - - prompt_toolkit=3.0.52=hd8ed1ab_0 - - propcache=0.3.1=py312h3520af0_0 - - proto-plus=1.26.1=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - protobuf=6.31.1=py312h457ac99_2 - - psutil=7.1.2=py312h01f6755_0 - - psycopg=3.2.12=pyh848bd53_0 - - psycopg-c=3.2.12=py312ha23389c_0 - - pthread-stubs=0.4=h00291cd_1002 - - ptyprocess=0.7.0=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - pulp=2.8.0=py312hda2ad9a_3 - - pure_eval=0.2.3=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - py-cpuinfo=9.0.0=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - pyam=3.0.0=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - pyarrow=21.0.0=py312hb401068_1 - - pyarrow-core=21.0.0=py312hefc66a4_1_cpu - - pyasn1=0.6.1=pyhd8ed1ab_2 - - pyasn1-modules=0.4.2=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - pycountry=24.6.1=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - pycparser=2.22=pyh29332c3_1 - - pydantic=2.12.3=pyh3cfb1c2_0 - - pydantic-core=2.41.4=py312h8a6388b_0 - - pydantic-settings=2.11.0=pyh3cfb1c2_0 - - pydeck=0.9.1=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - pygments=2.19.2=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - pyjwt=2.10.1=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - pylint=4.0.2=pyhcf101f3_0 - - pyobjc-core=12.0=py312he280c8a_0 - - pyobjc-framework-cocoa=12.0=py312h46f5710_0 - - pyogrio=0.11.0=py312h4bcfd6b_0 - - pyopenssl=25.3.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - pyparsing=3.2.5=pyhcf101f3_0 - - pyproj=3.7.2=py312hb613793_1 - - pypsa=1.0.2=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - pyscipopt=5.6.0=py312h462f358_1 - - pyshp=3.0.2=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - pysocks=1.7.1=pyha55dd90_7 - - pytables=3.10.2=py312he4c742b_9 - - pytest=8.4.2=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - python=3.12.12=h3999593_0_cpython - - python-dateutil=2.9.0.post0=pyhe01879c_2 - - python-dotenv=1.2.1=pyhcf101f3_0 - - python-eccodes=2.42.0=py312h391ab28_0 - - python-fastjsonschema=2.21.2=pyhe01879c_0 - - python-gil=3.12.12=hd8ed1ab_1 - - python-json-logger=2.0.7=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - python-multipart=0.0.20=pyhff2d567_0 - - python-tzdata=2025.2=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - python-utils=3.9.1=pyhff2d567_1 - - python_abi=3.12=8_cp312 - - pytz=2025.2=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - pyu2f=0.1.5=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - pyxlsb=1.0.10=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - pyyaml=6.0.3=py312hacf3034_0 - - pyzmq=27.1.0=py312hb7d603e_0 - - qhull=2020.2=h3c5361c_5 - - rapidfuzz=3.14.1=py312h69bf00f_0 - - rasterio=1.4.3=py312h2efda69_2 - - re2=2025.08.12=h7df6414_1 - - readline=8.2=h7cca4af_2 - - referencing=0.37.0=pyhcf101f3_0 - - requests=2.32.5=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - requests-oauthlib=1.4.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - reretry=0.11.8=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - rfc3339-validator=0.1.4=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - rfc3986-validator=0.1.1=pyh9f0ad1d_0 - - rfc3987-syntax=1.1.0=pyhe01879c_1 - - rich=14.2.0=pyhcf101f3_0 - - rich-toolkit=0.15.1=pyhcf101f3_0 - - rioxarray=0.20.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - rpds-py=0.28.0=py312h8a6388b_1 - - rsa=4.9.1=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - ruamel.yaml=0.18.16=py312h80b0991_0 - - ruamel.yaml.clib=0.2.14=py312h80b0991_0 - - ruff=0.14.2=hba89d1c_0 - - scikit-learn=1.7.2=py312hfee4f84_0 - - scip=9.2.4=h33bae0e_0 - - scipy=1.16.3=py312he2acf2f_0 - - seaborn=0.13.2=hd8ed1ab_3 - - seaborn-base=0.13.2=pyhd8ed1ab_3 - - send2trash=1.8.3=pyh31c8845_1 - - setuptools=80.9.0=pyhff2d567_0 - - setuptools-scm=9.2.2=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - setuptools_scm=9.2.2=hd8ed1ab_0 - - shapely=2.0.7=py312hbf10b29_1 - - shellingham=1.5.4=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - six=1.17.0=pyhe01879c_1 - - smart_open=7.4.1=pyhcf101f3_0 - - smmap=5.0.2=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - snakemake-executor-plugin-cluster-generic=1.0.9=pyhdfd78af_0 - - snakemake-executor-plugin-slurm=1.8.0=pyhdfd78af_0 - - snakemake-executor-plugin-slurm-jobstep=0.3.0=pyhdfd78af_0 - - snakemake-interface-common=1.22.0=pyhd4c3c12_0 - - snakemake-interface-executor-plugins=9.3.9=pyhdfd78af_0 - - snakemake-interface-logger-plugins=2.0.0=pyhd4c3c12_0 - - snakemake-interface-report-plugins=1.2.0=pyhdfd78af_0 - - snakemake-interface-scheduler-plugins=2.0.2=pyhd4c3c12_0 - - snakemake-interface-storage-plugins=4.2.3=pyhd4c3c12_0 - - snakemake-minimal=9.13.4=pyhdfd78af_1 - - snakemake-storage-plugin-http=0.3.0=pyhdfd78af_0 - - snappy=1.2.2=h25c286d_0 - - sniffio=1.3.1=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - snuggs=1.4.7=pyhd8ed1ab_2 - - sortedcontainers=2.4.0=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - soupsieve=2.8=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - sqlalchemy=2.0.43=py312h80b0991_1 - - sqlalchemy-utils=0.42.0=hd8ed1ab_0 - - sqlalchemy-utils-arrow=0.42.0=hd8ed1ab_0 - - sqlalchemy-utils-babel=0.42.0=hd8ed1ab_0 - - sqlalchemy-utils-base=0.42.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - sqlalchemy-utils-color=0.42.0=hd8ed1ab_0 - - sqlalchemy-utils-encrypted=0.42.0=hd8ed1ab_0 - - sqlalchemy-utils-intervals=0.42.0=hd8ed1ab_0 - - sqlalchemy-utils-password=0.42.0=hd8ed1ab_0 - - sqlalchemy-utils-pendulum=0.42.0=hd8ed1ab_0 - - sqlalchemy-utils-phone=0.42.0=hd8ed1ab_0 - - sqlalchemy-utils-timezone=0.42.0=hd8ed1ab_0 - - sqlalchemy-utils-url=0.42.0=hd8ed1ab_0 - - sqlalchemy-with-postgresql-psycopg=2.0.43=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - sqlalchemy-with-postgresql-psycopgbinary=2.0.43=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - sqlite=3.50.4=h64b5abc_0 - - stack_data=0.6.3=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - starlette=0.49.1=pyhfdc7a7d_0 - - statsmodels=0.14.5=py312h391ab28_1 - - tabula-py=2.7.0=py312hb401068_1 - - tabulate=0.9.0=pyhd8ed1ab_2 - - tbb=2022.2.0=hc025b3e_1 - - tblib=3.1.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - terminado=0.18.1=pyh31c8845_0 - - threadpoolctl=3.6.0=pyhecae5ae_0 - - throttler=1.2.2=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - time-machine=2.19.0=py312h6efa6bc_1 - - tinycss2=1.4.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - tk=8.6.13=hf689a15_2 - - toml=0.10.2=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - tomli=2.3.0=pyhcf101f3_0 - - tomlkit=0.13.3=pyha770c72_0 - - toolz=1.1.0=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - tornado=6.5.2=py312h2f459f6_1 - - tqdm=4.67.1=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - traitlets=5.14.3=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - typeguard=4.4.4=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - typer=0.20.0=pyhdb1f59b_0 - - typer-slim=0.20.0=pyhcf101f3_0 - - typer-slim-standard=0.20.0=h65a100f_0 - - typing-extensions=4.15.0=h396c80c_0 - - typing-inspection=0.4.2=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - typing_extensions=4.15.0=pyhcf101f3_0 - - typing_inspect=0.9.0=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - typing_utils=0.1.0=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - tzdata=2025b=h78e105d_0 - - ukkonen=1.0.1=py312hedd4973_6 - - unicodedata2=16.0.0=py312h2f459f6_1 - - unidecode=1.3.8=pyh29332c3_1 - - uri-template=1.3.0=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - uriparser=0.9.8=h6aefe2f_0 - - urllib3=2.5.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - uvicorn=0.38.0=pyh31011fe_0 - - uvicorn-standard=0.38.0=h31011fe_0 - - uvloop=0.22.1=py312h80b0991_0 - - validators=0.35.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - virtualenv=20.35.4=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - watchfiles=1.1.1=py312h1f62012_0 - - wcwidth=0.2.14=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - webcolors=24.11.1=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - webencodings=0.5.1=pyhd8ed1ab_3 - - websocket-client=1.9.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - websockets=15.0.1=py312h6efa6bc_2 - - wheel=0.45.1=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - widgetsnbextension=3.6.10=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - wquantiles=0.6=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - wrapt=1.17.3=py312h2f459f6_1 - - xarray=2025.6.1=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - xerces-c=3.2.5=h197e74d_2 - - xlrd=2.0.2=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - xlsxwriter=3.2.9=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - xorg-libxau=1.0.12=h6e16a3a_0 - - xorg-libxdmcp=1.1.5=h00291cd_0 - - xyzservices=2025.4.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - yaml=0.2.5=h4132b18_3 - - yarl=1.22.0=py312hacf3034_0 - - yte=1.8.1=pyha770c72_0 - - zeromq=4.3.5=h6c33b1e_9 - - zict=3.0.0=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - zipp=3.23.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - zlib=1.3.1=hd23fc13_2 - - zlib-ng=2.2.5=he7f0fdc_0 - - zstandard=0.25.0=py312h01f6755_0 - - zstd=1.5.7=h8210216_2 - - pip: - - gurobipy == 12.0.3 --hash=sha256:020f23277f630e079eac114385eabd1bd9fb4ac22f8796ed5ba6d915ce4f141b - - ply == 3.11 --hash=sha256:096f9b8350b65ebd2fd1346b12452efe5b9607f7482813ffca50c22722a807ce - - pyomo == 6.9.5 --hash=sha256:549ee4226cab6e2ff6efe5b3b9891ce1dfd866d38a024715315ea850fa1bf0ec - - tsam == 2.3.9 --hash=sha256:edcc4febb9e1dacc028bc819d710974ede8f563467c3d235a250f46416f93a1b diff --git a/envs/osx-arm64.lock.yaml b/envs/osx-arm64.lock.yaml deleted file mode 100644 index c4583b43c..000000000 --- a/envs/osx-arm64.lock.yaml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,589 +0,0 @@ -# Generated by conda-lock. -# platform: osx-arm64 -# input_hash: 5e90d31af988d300d6a49a5dc36123068cb3502fd9401ecf1cc6b52df47ed038 - -channels: - - conda-forge - - bioconda -name: pypsa-de -dependencies: - - 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pydantic-core=2.41.4=py312h6ef9ec0_0 - - pydantic-settings=2.11.0=pyh3cfb1c2_0 - - pydeck=0.9.1=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - pygments=2.19.2=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - pyjwt=2.10.1=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - pylint=4.0.2=pyhcf101f3_0 - - pyobjc-core=12.0=py312h58217c4_0 - - pyobjc-framework-cocoa=12.0=py312hbad3f7d_0 - - pyogrio=0.11.0=py312hfd5e53c_0 - - pyopenssl=25.3.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - pyparsing=3.2.5=pyhcf101f3_0 - - pyproj=3.7.2=py312hf0774e8_1 - - pypsa=1.0.2=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - pyscipopt=5.6.0=py312h6b01ec3_1 - - pyshp=3.0.2=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - pysocks=1.7.1=pyha55dd90_7 - - pytables=3.10.2=py312hc3f5fac_9 - - pytest=8.4.2=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - python=3.12.12=hec0b533_0_cpython - - python-dateutil=2.9.0.post0=pyhe01879c_2 - - python-dotenv=1.2.1=pyhcf101f3_0 - - python-eccodes=2.42.0=py312ha11c99a_0 - - python-fastjsonschema=2.21.2=pyhe01879c_0 - - python-gil=3.12.12=hd8ed1ab_1 - - python-json-logger=2.0.7=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - python-multipart=0.0.20=pyhff2d567_0 - - python-tzdata=2025.2=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - python-utils=3.9.1=pyhff2d567_1 - - python_abi=3.12=8_cp312 - - pytz=2025.2=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - pyu2f=0.1.5=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - pyxlsb=1.0.10=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - pyyaml=6.0.3=py312h5748b74_0 - - pyzmq=27.1.0=py312hd65ceae_0 - - qhull=2020.2=h420ef59_5 - - rapidfuzz=3.14.1=py312h455b684_0 - - rasterio=1.4.3=py312h460a678_2 - - re2=2025.08.12=h64b956e_1 - - readline=8.2=h1d1bf99_2 - - referencing=0.37.0=pyhcf101f3_0 - - requests=2.32.5=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - requests-oauthlib=1.4.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - reretry=0.11.8=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - rfc3339-validator=0.1.4=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - rfc3986-validator=0.1.1=pyh9f0ad1d_0 - - rfc3987-syntax=1.1.0=pyhe01879c_1 - - rich=14.2.0=pyhcf101f3_0 - - rich-toolkit=0.15.1=pyhcf101f3_0 - - rioxarray=0.20.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - rpds-py=0.28.0=py312h6ef9ec0_1 - - rsa=4.9.1=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - ruamel.yaml=0.18.16=py312h4409184_0 - - ruamel.yaml.clib=0.2.14=py312h4409184_0 - - ruff=0.14.2=h492a034_0 - - scikit-learn=1.7.2=py312h79e0ffc_0 - - scip=9.2.4=h51b76a5_0 - - scipy=1.16.3=py312ha6bbf71_0 - - seaborn=0.13.2=hd8ed1ab_3 - - seaborn-base=0.13.2=pyhd8ed1ab_3 - - send2trash=1.8.3=pyh31c8845_1 - - setuptools=80.9.0=pyhff2d567_0 - - setuptools-scm=9.2.2=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - setuptools_scm=9.2.2=hd8ed1ab_0 - - shapely=2.0.7=py312hf733f26_1 - - shellingham=1.5.4=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - six=1.17.0=pyhe01879c_1 - - smart_open=7.4.1=pyhcf101f3_0 - - smmap=5.0.2=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - snakemake-executor-plugin-cluster-generic=1.0.9=pyhdfd78af_0 - - snakemake-executor-plugin-slurm=1.8.0=pyhdfd78af_0 - - snakemake-executor-plugin-slurm-jobstep=0.3.0=pyhdfd78af_0 - - snakemake-interface-common=1.22.0=pyhd4c3c12_0 - - snakemake-interface-executor-plugins=9.3.9=pyhdfd78af_0 - - snakemake-interface-logger-plugins=2.0.0=pyhd4c3c12_0 - - snakemake-interface-report-plugins=1.2.0=pyhdfd78af_0 - - snakemake-interface-scheduler-plugins=2.0.2=pyhd4c3c12_0 - - snakemake-interface-storage-plugins=4.2.3=pyhd4c3c12_0 - - snakemake-minimal=9.13.4=pyhdfd78af_1 - - snakemake-storage-plugin-http=0.3.0=pyhdfd78af_0 - - snappy=1.2.2=hd121638_0 - - sniffio=1.3.1=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - snuggs=1.4.7=pyhd8ed1ab_2 - - sortedcontainers=2.4.0=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - soupsieve=2.8=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - sqlalchemy=2.0.43=py312h4409184_1 - - sqlalchemy-utils=0.42.0=hd8ed1ab_0 - - sqlalchemy-utils-arrow=0.42.0=hd8ed1ab_0 - - sqlalchemy-utils-babel=0.42.0=hd8ed1ab_0 - - sqlalchemy-utils-base=0.42.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - sqlalchemy-utils-color=0.42.0=hd8ed1ab_0 - - sqlalchemy-utils-encrypted=0.42.0=hd8ed1ab_0 - - sqlalchemy-utils-intervals=0.42.0=hd8ed1ab_0 - - sqlalchemy-utils-password=0.42.0=hd8ed1ab_0 - - sqlalchemy-utils-pendulum=0.42.0=hd8ed1ab_0 - - sqlalchemy-utils-phone=0.42.0=hd8ed1ab_0 - - sqlalchemy-utils-timezone=0.42.0=hd8ed1ab_0 - - sqlalchemy-utils-url=0.42.0=hd8ed1ab_0 - - sqlalchemy-with-postgresql-psycopg=2.0.43=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - sqlalchemy-with-postgresql-psycopgbinary=2.0.43=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - sqlite=3.50.4=hb5dd463_0 - - stack_data=0.6.3=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - starlette=0.49.1=pyhfdc7a7d_0 - - statsmodels=0.14.5=py312ha11c99a_1 - - tabula-py=2.7.0=py312h81bd7bf_1 - - tabulate=0.9.0=pyhd8ed1ab_2 - - tbb=2022.2.0=h5b2e6d4_1 - - tblib=3.1.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - terminado=0.18.1=pyh31c8845_0 - - threadpoolctl=3.6.0=pyhecae5ae_0 - - throttler=1.2.2=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - time-machine=2.19.0=py312h290adc7_1 - - tinycss2=1.4.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - tk=8.6.13=h892fb3f_2 - - toml=0.10.2=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - tomli=2.3.0=pyhcf101f3_0 - - tomlkit=0.13.3=pyha770c72_0 - - toolz=1.1.0=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - tornado=6.5.2=py312h163523d_1 - - tqdm=4.67.1=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - traitlets=5.14.3=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - typeguard=4.4.4=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - typer=0.20.0=pyhdb1f59b_0 - - typer-slim=0.20.0=pyhcf101f3_0 - - typer-slim-standard=0.20.0=h65a100f_0 - - typing-extensions=4.15.0=h396c80c_0 - - typing-inspection=0.4.2=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - typing_extensions=4.15.0=pyhcf101f3_0 - - typing_inspect=0.9.0=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - typing_utils=0.1.0=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - tzdata=2025b=h78e105d_0 - - ukkonen=1.0.1=py312ha0dd364_6 - - unicodedata2=16.0.0=py312h163523d_1 - - unidecode=1.3.8=pyh29332c3_1 - - uri-template=1.3.0=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - uriparser=0.9.8=h00cdb27_0 - - urllib3=2.5.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - uvicorn=0.38.0=pyh31011fe_0 - - uvicorn-standard=0.38.0=h31011fe_0 - - uvloop=0.22.1=py312h4409184_0 - - validators=0.35.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - virtualenv=20.35.4=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - watchfiles=1.1.1=py312h7a0e18e_0 - - wcwidth=0.2.14=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - webcolors=24.11.1=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - webencodings=0.5.1=pyhd8ed1ab_3 - - websocket-client=1.9.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - websockets=15.0.1=py312h290adc7_2 - - wheel=0.45.1=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - widgetsnbextension=3.6.10=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - wquantiles=0.6=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - wrapt=1.17.3=py312h163523d_1 - - xarray=2025.6.1=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - xerces-c=3.2.5=h92fc2f4_2 - - xlrd=2.0.2=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - xlsxwriter=3.2.9=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - xorg-libxau=1.0.12=h5505292_0 - - xorg-libxdmcp=1.1.5=hd74edd7_0 - - xyzservices=2025.4.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - yaml=0.2.5=h925e9cb_3 - - yarl=1.22.0=py312h5748b74_0 - - yte=1.8.1=pyha770c72_0 - - zeromq=4.3.5=h888dc83_9 - - zict=3.0.0=pyhd8ed1ab_1 - - zipp=3.23.0=pyhd8ed1ab_0 - - zlib=1.3.1=h8359307_2 - - zlib-ng=2.2.5=hf787086_0 - - zstandard=0.25.0=py312h37e1c23_0 - - zstd=1.5.7=h6491c7d_2 - - pip: - - gurobipy == 12.0.3 --hash=sha256:020f23277f630e079eac114385eabd1bd9fb4ac22f8796ed5ba6d915ce4f141b - - ply == 3.11 --hash=sha256:096f9b8350b65ebd2fd1346b12452efe5b9607f7482813ffca50c22722a807ce - - pyomo == 6.9.5 --hash=sha256:b382cc8c3728199c8332024d64eed8622dabb3f8aebe5874c86a036489064f7a - - tsam == 2.3.9 --hash=sha256:edcc4febb9e1dacc028bc819d710974ede8f563467c3d235a250f46416f93a1b diff --git a/envs/win-64.lock.yaml b/envs/win-64.lock.yaml deleted file mode 100644 index fd2d77a40..000000000 --- a/envs/win-64.lock.yaml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,574 +0,0 @@ -# Generated by conda-lock. -# platform: win-64 -# input_hash: 261f5524788cca1b613091838d99a14a8fd625da080cb4a2bc2a31b76ea087a5 - -channels: - - conda-forge - - bioconda 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This will remove all contents of \ +logs, resources, benchmarks, results, and .snakemake directories except \ +.gitkeep files (config/config.yaml will not be deleted) (y/n): " ans && \ + case $ans in \ + [Yy]*) \ + for dir in ./logs ./resources ./benchmarks ./results ./.snakemake; do \ + find "$dir" -mindepth 1 ! -name ".gitkeep" -delete 2>/dev/null || true; \ + done; \ + echo "Reset completed.";; \ + [Nn]*) \ + echo "Reset cancelled.";; \ + *) \ + echo "Please answer yes or no."; exit 1;; \ + esac' +""" + +update-dags = """ + dot -c && \ + snakemake results/networks/base_s_128_elec_.nc -F --dag | sed -n "/digraph/,/}/p" | dot -Tpng -o doc/img/intro-workflow.png && \ + snakemake --rulegraph -F | sed -n "/digraph/,/}/p" | dot -Tpng -o doc/img/workflow.png +""" + +[dependencies] +# Add additional packages only to pypsa-de specific section +# All other packages should be identical to pypsa-eur (in best case the same, otherwise +# maybe different pins) +# pypsa-de specific +pycountry = ">=24.6.1" +pyam = ">=2.0" +"ruamel.yaml" = ">=0.18.10" +# common packages +atlite = ">=0.3" +bokeh = ">=3.8.0" +cartopy = ">=0.25.0" +copernicusmarine = ">=2.2.4" +country_converter = ">=1.3.2" +dask = ">=2025.10.0" +descartes = ">=1.1.0" +entsoe-py = ">=0.7.8" +fiona = ">=1.10.1" +folium = ">=0.20.0" +geojson = ">=3.2.0" +geopandas = ">=1" +geopy = ">=2.4.1" +glpk = ">=5.0" +graphviz = ">=12.2.1" +gurobi = ">=12.0.3" +highspy = ">=1.12.0" +ipython = ">=9.7.0" +jpype1 = ">=1.6.0" +jupyter = ">=1.1.1" +libgdal-netcdf = ">=3.10.3" +linopy = ">=0.4.4" +lxml = ">=6.0.2" +matplotlib = ">=3.10.7" +memory_profiler = ">=0.61.0" +netcdf4 = ">=1.7.2" +networkx = ">=3.5" +numpy = ">=1.26.4" +openpyxl = ">=3.1.5" +pandas = ">=2.1" +plotly = ">=6.4.0" +powerplantmatching = ">=0.5.15" +pre-commit = ">=4.3.0" +proj = ">=9.6.2" +pylint = ">=4.0.2" +pydeck = ">0.6" # pypsa fails to import with pydeck <0.6, lower bound was only added from pypsa 1.0.6 +pypsa = ">=0.35.2" +pyscipopt = ">=5.6.0" +pytables = ">=3.10.2" +python = ">=3.10" +pytz = ">=2025.2" +pyxlsb = ">=1.0.10" +rasterio = ">=1.4.3" +rioxarray = ">=0.20.0" +ruff = ">=0.14.3" +scipy = ">=1.16.3" +seaborn = ">=0.13.2" +shapely = ">=2.0" +snakemake-executor-plugin-cluster-generic = ">=1.0.9" +snakemake-executor-plugin-slurm = ">=1.9.2" +snakemake-minimal = ">=9" +snakemake-storage-plugin-http = ">=0.3" +tenacity = ">=9.1.2" +tqdm = ">=4.67.1" +tsam = ">=2.3.1" +xarray = ">=2024.3.0,<2025.7.0" +xlrd = ">=2.0.2" +yaml = ">=0.2.5" +snakemake-storage-plugin-cached-http = ">=0.1.0" + +[feature.doc.tasks.build-docs] +args = ["dir", {"arg" = "output", "default" = "html"}] +cmd = "dot -c && sphinx-build -T -b {{ output }} doc {{ dir }}/{{ output }} " + +[feature.doc.dependencies] +atlite = ">=0.2.9" +cartopy = ">=0.25.0" +dask = ">=2025.10.0" +descartes = ">=1.1.0" +fiona = ">=1.10.1" +graphviz = ">=13.1.2" +matplotlib = ">3.5.1" +memory_profiler = ">=0.61.0" +myst-parser = ">=4.0.1" +powerplantmatching = ">=0.5.5" +pydot = ">=4.0.1,<5" +pypsa = ">=0.35.2" +pytables = ">=3.10.1" +python = ">=3.10.19" +pyyaml = ">=6.0.3" +requests = ">=2.32.5" +scikit-learn = ">=1.7.2" +seaborn = ">=0.13.2" +sphinx = ">=8.1.3" +sphinx-book-theme = ">=1.1.4" +sphinxcontrib-bibtex = ">=2.6.5" +tabula-py = ">=2.7.0" +tenacity = ">=9.1.2" +tsam = ">=2.3.1" + +[feature.test.tasks] + +integration-tests = """ + echo "Build scenarios..." && + snakemake -call build_scenarios && + echo "Run DACH config..." && + snakemake -call ariadne_all --until export_ariadne_variables --configfile=config/test/config.dach.yaml && + echo "All tests completed successfully." +""" +clean-tests = """ + snakemake -call ariadne_all --until export_ariadne_variables --configfile=config/test/config.dach.yaml --delete-all-output ; + echo "All test outputs have been cleaned up." +""" +unit-tests = "pytest test" + +all-tests = {depends-on = ["integration-tests", "clean-tests", "unit-tests"]} + +[feature.test.dependencies] +pytest = ">=8.4.2" + +[environments] +doc = { features = ["doc"], no-default-feature = true } +test = ["test"] diff --git a/resources/.gitkeep b/resources/.gitkeep new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e69de29bb diff --git a/results/.gitkeep b/results/.gitkeep new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e69de29bb diff --git a/rules/build_electricity.smk b/rules/build_electricity.smk index a7b8ff4b8..058c8c9b2 100755 --- a/rules/build_electricity.smk +++ b/rules/build_electricity.smk @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ rule build_electricity_demand: input: reported=ancient("data/electricity_demand_raw.csv"), synthetic=lambda w: ( - ancient("data/load_synthetic_raw.csv") + ancient(rules.retrieve_synthetic_electricity_demand.output["csv"]) if config_provider("load", "supplement_synthetic")(w) else [] ), @@ -24,8 +24,6 @@ rule build_electricity_demand: benchmarks("build_electricity_demand") resources: mem_mb=5000, - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/build_electricity_demand.py" @@ -38,6 +36,7 @@ rule build_powerplants: countries=config_provider("countries"), input: network=resources("networks/base_s_{clusters}.nc"), + powerplants=rules.retrieve_powerplants.output["powerplants"], custom_powerplants="data/custom_powerplants.csv", output: resources("powerplants_s_{clusters}.csv"), @@ -48,26 +47,23 @@ rule build_powerplants: threads: 1 resources: mem_mb=7000, - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/build_powerplants.py" def input_base_network(w): base_network = config_provider("electricity", "base_network")(w) - osm_prebuilt_version = config_provider("electricity", "osm-prebuilt-version")(w) + source = config_provider("data", "osm", "source")(w) components = {"buses", "lines", "links", "converters", "transformers"} - if base_network == "osm-raw": - inputs = {c: resources(f"osm-raw/build/{c}.csv") for c in components} + if (base_network == "osm") and (source == "archive"): + OSM_DATASET = dataset_version("osm") + inputs = {c: f"{OSM_DATASET['folder']}/{c}.csv" for c in components} + elif base_network == "osm" and (source == "build"): + inputs = {c: resources(f"osm/build/{c}.csv") for c in components} elif base_network == "tyndp": inputs = {c: resources(f"tyndp/build/{c}.csv") for c in components} - elif base_network == "osm-prebuilt": - inputs = { - c: f"data/{base_network}/{osm_prebuilt_version}/{c}.csv" for c in components - } elif base_network == "entsoegridkit": - inputs = {c: f"data/{base_network}/{c}.csv" for c in components} + inputs = {c: f"data/entsoegridkit/{c}.csv" for c in components} inputs["parameter_corrections"] = "data/parameter_corrections.yaml" inputs["links_p_nom"] = "data/links_p_nom.csv" return inputs @@ -101,25 +97,21 @@ rule base_network: threads: 4 resources: mem_mb=2000, - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/base_network.py" rule build_osm_boundaries: input: - json="data/osm-boundaries/json/{country}_adm1.json", - eez=ancient("data/eez/World_EEZ_v12_20231025_LR/eez_v12_lowres.gpkg"), + json=f"{OSM_BOUNDARIES_DATASET['folder']}/{{country}}_adm1.json", + eez=ancient(rules.retrieve_eez.output["gpkg"]), output: - boundary="data/osm-boundaries/build/{country}_adm1.geojson", + boundary=f"data/osm_boundaries/build/{OSM_BOUNDARIES_DATASET['version']}/{{country}}_adm1.geojson", log: "logs/build_osm_boundaries_{country}.log", threads: 1 resources: mem_mb=1500, - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/build_osm_boundaries.py" @@ -143,8 +135,6 @@ rule build_bidding_zones: threads: 1 resources: mem_mb=1500, - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/build_bidding_zones.py" @@ -154,21 +144,21 @@ rule build_shapes: config_provider("clustering", "mode"), countries=config_provider("countries"), input: - eez=ancient("data/eez/World_EEZ_v12_20231025_LR/eez_v12_lowres.gpkg"), - nuts3_2021="data/nuts/NUTS_RG_01M_2021_4326_LEVL_3.geojson", - ba_adm1="data/osm-boundaries/build/BA_adm1.geojson", - md_adm1="data/osm-boundaries/build/MD_adm1.geojson", - ua_adm1="data/osm-boundaries/build/UA_adm1.geojson", - xk_adm1="data/osm-boundaries/build/XK_adm1.geojson", - nuts3_gdp="data/jrc-ardeco/ARDECO-SUVGDP.2021.table.csv", - nuts3_pop="data/jrc-ardeco/ARDECO-SNPTD.2021.table.csv", + eez=ancient(rules.retrieve_eez.output["gpkg"]), + nuts3_2021=rules.retrieve_eu_nuts_2021.output["shapes_level_3"], + ba_adm1=f"data/osm_boundaries/build/{OSM_BOUNDARIES_DATASET['version']}/BA_adm1.geojson", + md_adm1=f"data/osm_boundaries/build/{OSM_BOUNDARIES_DATASET['version']}/MD_adm1.geojson", + ua_adm1=f"data/osm_boundaries/build/{OSM_BOUNDARIES_DATASET['version']}/UA_adm1.geojson", + xk_adm1=f"data/osm_boundaries/build/{OSM_BOUNDARIES_DATASET['version']}/XK_adm1.geojson", + nuts3_gdp=rules.retrieve_jrc_ardeco.output["ardeco_gdp"], + nuts3_pop=rules.retrieve_jrc_ardeco.output["ardeco_pop"], bidding_zones=lambda w: ( resources("bidding_zones.geojson") if config_provider("clustering", "mode")(w) == "administrative" else [] ), - other_gdp="data/bundle/GDP_per_capita_PPP_1990_2015_v2.nc", - other_pop="data/bundle/ppp_2019_1km_Aggregated.tif", + other_gdp=rules.retrieve_gdp_per_capita.output["gdp"], + other_pop=rules.retrieve_population_count.output["tif"], output: country_shapes=resources("country_shapes.geojson"), offshore_shapes=resources("offshore_shapes.geojson"), @@ -181,38 +171,31 @@ rule build_shapes: threads: 1 resources: mem_mb=1500, - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/build_shapes.py" -if config["enable"].get("build_cutout", False): +if CUTOUT_DATASET["source"] in ["build"]: rule build_cutout: params: cutouts=config_provider("atlite", "cutouts"), - input: - regions_onshore=resources("regions_onshore.geojson"), - regions_offshore=resources("regions_offshore.geojson"), output: - protected(CDIR.joinpath("{cutout}.nc").as_posix()), + cutout=CUTOUT_DATASET["folder"] / "{cutout}.nc", log: - logs(CDIR.joinpath("build_cutout", "{cutout}.log").as_posix()), + "logs/build_cutout/{cutout}.log", benchmark: - Path("benchmarks").joinpath(CDIR, "build_cutout_{cutout}").as_posix() + "benchmarks/build_cutout/{cutout}" threads: config["atlite"].get("nprocesses", 4) resources: mem_mb=config["atlite"].get("nprocesses", 4) * 1000, - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/build_cutout.py" rule build_ship_raster: input: - ship_density="data/shipdensity_global.zip", + ship_density=rules.retrieve_ship_raster.output["zip_file"], cutout=lambda w: input_cutout(w), output: resources("shipdensity_raster.tif"), @@ -222,8 +205,6 @@ rule build_ship_raster: mem_mb=5000, benchmark: benchmarks("build_ship_raster") - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/build_ship_raster.py" @@ -232,11 +213,11 @@ rule determine_availability_matrix_MD_UA: params: renewable=config_provider("renewable"), input: - copernicus="data/Copernicus_LC100_global_v3.0.1_2019-nrt_Discrete-Classification-map_EPSG-4326.tif", - wdpa="data/WDPA.gpkg", - wdpa_marine="data/WDPA_WDOECM_marine.gpkg", + copernicus=rules.download_copernicus_land_cover.output["tif"], + wdpa=rules.retrieve_wdpa.output["gpkg"], + wdpa_marine=rules.retrieve_wdpa_marine.output["gpkg"], gebco=lambda w: ( - "data/bundle/gebco/GEBCO_2014_2D.nc" + rules.retrieve_gebco.output["gebco"] if config_provider("renewable", w.technology)(w).get("max_depth") else [] ), @@ -266,8 +247,6 @@ rule determine_availability_matrix_MD_UA: threads: config["atlite"].get("nprocesses", 4) resources: mem_mb=config["atlite"].get("nprocesses", 4) * 5000, - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/determine_availability_matrix_MD_UA.py" @@ -289,20 +268,16 @@ rule determine_availability_matrix: renewable=config_provider("renewable"), input: unpack(input_ua_md_availability_matrix), - corine=ancient("data/bundle/corine/g250_clc06_V18_5.tif"), + corine=ancient(rules.retrieve_corine.output["tif_file"]), natura=lambda w: ( - "data/bundle/natura/natura.tiff" + f"{NATURA_DATASET["folder"]}/natura.tiff" if config_provider("renewable", w.technology, "natura")(w) else [] ), - luisa=lambda w: ( - "data/LUISA_basemap_020321_50m.tif" - if config_provider("renewable", w.technology, "luisa")(w) - else [] - ), + luisa=rules.retrieve_luisa_land_cover.output["tif"], gebco=ancient( lambda w: ( - "data/bundle/gebco/GEBCO_2014_2D.nc" + rules.retrieve_gebco.output["gebco"] if ( config_provider("renewable", w.technology)(w).get("max_depth") or config_provider("renewable", w.technology)(w).get("min_depth") @@ -334,8 +309,6 @@ rule determine_availability_matrix: threads: config["atlite"].get("nprocesses", 4) resources: mem_mb=config["atlite"].get("nprocesses", 4) * 5000, - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/determine_availability_matrix.py" @@ -369,8 +342,6 @@ rule build_renewable_profiles: mem_mb=config["atlite"].get("nprocesses", 4) * 5000, wildcard_constraints: technology="(?!hydro).*", # Any technology other than hydro - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/build_renewable_profiles.py" @@ -389,12 +360,32 @@ rule build_monthly_prices: threads: 1 resources: mem_mb=5000, - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/build_monthly_prices.py" +if COUNTRY_RUNOFF_DATASET["source"] == "build": + + # This rule uses one or multiple cutouts. + # To update the output files to include a new year, e.g. 2025 using an existing cutout, + # either create a new cutout covering the whole timespan or add another cutout that covers the additional year(s). + # E.g. cutouts=[, ] + rule build_country_runoff: + input: + cutouts=["cutouts/europe-1940-2024-era5.nc"], + country_shapes=resources("country_shapes.geojson"), + output: + era5_runoff=COUNTRY_RUNOFF_DATASET["folder"] / "era5-runoff-per-country.csv", + log: + logs("build_country_runoff.log"), + benchmark: + benchmarks("build_country_runoff") + conda: + "../envs/environment.yaml" + script: + "../scripts/build_country_runoff.py" + + rule build_hydro_profile: params: hydro=config_provider("renewable", "hydro"), @@ -405,7 +396,7 @@ rule build_hydro_profile: country_shapes=resources("country_shapes.geojson"), eia_hydro_generation="data/eia_hydro_annual_generation.csv", eia_hydro_capacity="data/eia_hydro_annual_capacity.csv", - era5_runoff="data/bundle/era5-runoff-per-country.csv", + era5_runoff=f"{COUNTRY_RUNOFF_DATASET["folder"]}/era5-runoff-per-country.csv", cutout=lambda w: input_cutout( w, config_provider("renewable", "hydro", "cutout")(w) ), @@ -417,8 +408,6 @@ rule build_hydro_profile: benchmarks("build_hydro_profile") resources: mem_mb=5000, - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/build_hydro_profile.py" @@ -441,8 +430,6 @@ rule build_line_rating: threads: config["atlite"].get("nprocesses", 4) resources: mem_mb=config["atlite"].get("nprocesses", 4) * 1000, - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/build_line_rating.py" @@ -476,8 +463,6 @@ rule build_transmission_projects: resources: mem_mb=4000, threads: 1 - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/build_transmission_projects.py" @@ -514,8 +499,6 @@ rule add_transmission_projects_and_dlr: threads: 1 resources: mem_mb=4000, - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/add_transmission_projects_and_dlr.py" @@ -546,8 +529,6 @@ rule build_electricity_demand_base: benchmarks("build_electricity_demand_base_s") resources: mem_mb=5000, - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/build_electricity_demand_base.py" @@ -569,12 +550,31 @@ rule build_hac_features: threads: config["atlite"].get("nprocesses", 4) resources: mem_mb=10000, - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/build_hac_features.py" +rule process_cost_data: + params: + costs=config_provider("costs"), + max_hours=config_provider("electricity", "max_hours"), + input: + network=resources("networks/base_s.nc"), + costs=rules.retrieve_cost_data.output["costs"], + custom_costs=config_provider("costs", "custom_cost_fn"), + output: + resources("costs_{planning_horizons}_processed.csv"), + log: + logs("build_cost_data_{planning_horizons}.log"), + benchmark: + benchmarks("build_cost_data_{planning_horizons}") + threads: 1 + resources: + mem_mb=4000, + script: + "../scripts/process_cost_data.py" + + rule simplify_network: params: countries=config_provider("countries"), @@ -604,8 +604,6 @@ rule simplify_network: threads: 1 resources: mem_mb=24000, - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/simplify_network.py" @@ -681,8 +679,6 @@ rule cluster_network: threads: 1 resources: mem_mb=10000, - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/cluster_network.py" @@ -722,7 +718,6 @@ rule add_electricity: renewable=config_provider("renewable"), electricity=config_provider("electricity"), conventional=config_provider("conventional"), - costs=config_provider("costs"), foresight=config_provider("foresight"), drop_leap_day=config_provider("enable", "drop_leap_day"), consider_efficiency_classes=config_provider( @@ -735,8 +730,8 @@ rule add_electricity: unpack(input_class_regions), unpack(input_conventional), base_network=resources("networks/base_s_{clusters}.nc"), - tech_costs=lambda w: resources( - f"costs_{config_provider('costs', 'year')(w)}.csv" + costs=lambda w: resources( + f"costs_{config_provider('costs', 'year')(w)}_processed.csv" ), regions=resources("regions_onshore_base_s_{clusters}.geojson"), powerplants=resources("powerplants_s_{clusters}.csv"), @@ -758,8 +753,6 @@ rule add_electricity: threads: 1 resources: mem_mb=10000, - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/add_electricity.py" @@ -774,16 +767,15 @@ rule prepare_network: co2limit=config_provider("electricity", "co2limit"), gaslimit_enable=config_provider("electricity", "gaslimit_enable", default=False), gaslimit=config_provider("electricity", "gaslimit"), - max_hours=config_provider("electricity", "max_hours"), - costs=config_provider("costs"), + emission_prices=config_provider("costs", "emission_prices"), adjustments=config_provider("adjustments", "electricity"), autarky=config_provider("electricity", "autarky", default={}), drop_leap_day=config_provider("enable", "drop_leap_day"), transmission_limit=config_provider("electricity", "transmission_limit"), input: resources("networks/base_s_{clusters}_elec.nc"), - tech_costs=lambda w: resources( - f"costs_{config_provider('costs', 'year')(w)}.csv" + costs=lambda w: resources( + f"costs_{config_provider('costs', 'year')(w)}_processed.csv" ), co2_price=lambda w: resources("co2_price.csv") if "Ept" in w.opts else [], output: @@ -795,44 +787,45 @@ rule prepare_network: threads: 1 resources: mem_mb=4000, - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/prepare_network.py" -if config["electricity"]["base_network"] == "osm-raw": +if ( + config["electricity"]["base_network"] == "osm" + and config["data"]["osm"]["source"] == "build" +): rule clean_osm_data: input: cables_way=expand( - "data/osm-raw/{country}/cables_way.json", + f"{OSM_DATASET['folder']}/{{country}}/cables_way.json", country=config_provider("countries"), ), lines_way=expand( - "data/osm-raw/{country}/lines_way.json", + f"{OSM_DATASET['folder']}/{{country}}/lines_way.json", country=config_provider("countries"), ), routes_relation=expand( - "data/osm-raw/{country}/routes_relation.json", + f"{OSM_DATASET['folder']}/{{country}}/routes_relation.json", country=config_provider("countries"), ), substations_way=expand( - "data/osm-raw/{country}/substations_way.json", + f"{OSM_DATASET['folder']}/{{country}}/substations_way.json", country=config_provider("countries"), ), substations_relation=expand( - "data/osm-raw/{country}/substations_relation.json", + f"{OSM_DATASET['folder']}/{{country}}/substations_relation.json", country=config_provider("countries"), ), offshore_shapes=resources("offshore_shapes.geojson"), country_shapes=resources("country_shapes.geojson"), output: - substations=resources("osm-raw/clean/substations.geojson"), - substations_polygon=resources("osm-raw/clean/substations_polygon.geojson"), - converters_polygon=resources("osm-raw/clean/converters_polygon.geojson"), - lines=resources("osm-raw/clean/lines.geojson"), - links=resources("osm-raw/clean/links.geojson"), + substations=resources(f"osm/clean/substations.geojson"), + substations_polygon=resources(f"osm/clean/substations_polygon.geojson"), + converters_polygon=resources(f"osm/clean/converters_polygon.geojson"), + lines=resources(f"osm/clean/lines.geojson"), + links=resources(f"osm/clean/links.geojson"), log: logs("clean_osm_data.log"), benchmark: @@ -840,39 +833,34 @@ if config["electricity"]["base_network"] == "osm-raw": threads: 1 resources: mem_mb=4000, - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/clean_osm_data.py" - -if config["electricity"]["base_network"] == "osm-raw": - rule build_osm_network: params: countries=config_provider("countries"), voltages=config_provider("electricity", "voltages"), line_types=config_provider("lines", "types"), input: - substations=resources("osm-raw/clean/substations.geojson"), - substations_polygon=resources("osm-raw/clean/substations_polygon.geojson"), - converters_polygon=resources("osm-raw/clean/converters_polygon.geojson"), - lines=resources("osm-raw/clean/lines.geojson"), - links=resources("osm-raw/clean/links.geojson"), + substations=resources(f"osm/clean/substations.geojson"), + substations_polygon=resources(f"osm/clean/substations_polygon.geojson"), + converters_polygon=resources(f"osm/clean/converters_polygon.geojson"), + lines=resources(f"osm/clean/lines.geojson"), + links=resources(f"osm/clean/links.geojson"), country_shapes=resources("country_shapes.geojson"), output: - lines=resources("osm-raw/build/lines.csv"), - links=resources("osm-raw/build/links.csv"), - converters=resources("osm-raw/build/converters.csv"), - transformers=resources("osm-raw/build/transformers.csv"), - substations=resources("osm-raw/build/buses.csv"), - lines_geojson=resources("osm-raw/build/geojson/lines.geojson"), - links_geojson=resources("osm-raw/build/geojson/links.geojson"), - converters_geojson=resources("osm-raw/build/geojson/converters.geojson"), - transformers_geojson=resources("osm-raw/build/geojson/transformers.geojson"), - substations_geojson=resources("osm-raw/build/geojson/buses.geojson"), - stations_polygon=resources("osm-raw/build/geojson/stations_polygon.geojson"), - buses_polygon=resources("osm-raw/build/geojson/buses_polygon.geojson"), + lines=resources(f"osm/build/lines.csv"), + links=resources(f"osm/build/links.csv"), + converters=resources(f"osm/build/converters.csv"), + transformers=resources(f"osm/build/transformers.csv"), + substations=resources(f"osm/build/buses.csv"), + lines_geojson=resources(f"osm/geojson/lines.geojson"), + links_geojson=resources(f"osm/geojson/links.geojson"), + converters_geojson=resources(f"osm/geojson/converters.geojson"), + transformers_geojson=resources(f"osm/geojson/transformers.geojson"), + substations_geojson=resources(f"osm/geojson/buses.geojson"), + stations_polygon=resources(f"osm/geojson/stations_polygon.geojson"), + buses_polygon=resources(f"osm/geojson/buses_polygon.geojson"), log: logs("build_osm_network.log"), benchmark: @@ -880,8 +868,6 @@ if config["electricity"]["base_network"] == "osm-raw": threads: 1 resources: mem_mb=4000, - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/build_osm_network.py" @@ -892,8 +878,8 @@ if config["electricity"]["base_network"] == "tyndp": params: countries=config_provider("countries"), input: - reference_grid="data/tyndp_2024_bundle/Line data/ReferenceGrid_Electricity.xlsx", - buses="data/tyndp_2024_bundle/Nodes/LIST OF NODES.xlsx", + reference_grid=rules.retrieve_tyndp.output.reference_grid, + buses=rules.retrieve_tyndp.output.nodes, bidding_shapes=resources("bidding_zones.geojson"), output: lines=resources("tyndp/build/lines.csv"), @@ -915,7 +901,5 @@ if config["electricity"]["base_network"] == "tyndp": threads: 1 resources: mem_mb=4000, - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/build_tyndp_network.py" diff --git a/rules/build_sector.smk b/rules/build_sector.smk index 842fa9fa2..2c32d2586 100755 --- a/rules/build_sector.smk +++ b/rules/build_sector.smk @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ rule build_population_layouts: input: nuts3_shapes=resources("nuts3_shapes.geojson"), - urban_percent="data/worldbank/API_SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS_DS2_en_csv_v2.csv", + urban_percent=rules.retrieve_worldbank_urban_population.output["csv"], cutout=lambda w: input_cutout(w), output: pop_layout_total=resources("pop_layout_total.nc"), @@ -19,8 +19,6 @@ rule build_population_layouts: benchmark: benchmarks("build_population_layouts") threads: 8 - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/build_population_layouts.py" @@ -40,8 +38,6 @@ rule build_clustered_population_layouts: mem_mb=10000, benchmark: benchmarks("build_clustered_population_layouts/s_{clusters}") - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/build_clustered_population_layouts.py" @@ -59,8 +55,6 @@ rule build_clustered_solar_rooftop_potentials: mem_mb=10000, benchmark: benchmarks("build_clustered_solar_rooftop_potentials/s_{clusters}") - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/build_clustered_solar_rooftop_potentials.py" @@ -80,15 +74,13 @@ rule build_simplified_population_layouts: logs("build_simplified_population_layouts_s"), benchmark: benchmarks("build_simplified_population_layouts/s") - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/build_clustered_population_layouts.py" rule build_gas_network: input: - gas_network="data/gas_network/scigrid-gas/data/IGGIELGN_PipeSegments.geojson", + gas_network=rules.retrieve_gas_infrastructure_data.output["gas_network"], output: cleaned_gas_network=resources("gas_network.csv"), resources: @@ -97,8 +89,6 @@ rule build_gas_network: logs("build_gas_network.log"), benchmark: benchmarks("build_gas_network") - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/build_gas_network.py" @@ -106,8 +96,8 @@ rule build_gas_network: rule build_gas_input_locations: input: gem="data/gem/Europe-Gas-Tracker-2024-05.xlsx", - entry="data/gas_network/scigrid-gas/data/IGGIELGN_BorderPoints.geojson", - storage="data/gas_network/scigrid-gas/data/IGGIELGN_Storages.geojson", + entry=rules.retrieve_gas_infrastructure_data.output["entry"], + storage=rules.retrieve_gas_infrastructure_data.output["storage"], regions_onshore=resources("regions_onshore_base_s_{clusters}.geojson"), regions_offshore=resources("regions_offshore_base_s_{clusters}.geojson"), output: @@ -121,8 +111,6 @@ rule build_gas_input_locations: logs("build_gas_input_locations_s_{clusters}.log"), benchmark: benchmarks("build_gas_input_locations/s_{clusters}") - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/build_gas_input_locations.py" @@ -140,8 +128,6 @@ rule cluster_gas_network: logs("cluster_gas_network_{clusters}.log"), benchmark: benchmarks("cluster_gas_network/s_{clusters}") - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/cluster_gas_network.py" @@ -165,8 +151,6 @@ rule build_daily_heat_demand: logs("build_daily_heat_demand_total_s_{clusters}.loc"), benchmark: benchmarks("build_daily_heat_demand/total_s_{clusters}") - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/build_daily_heat_demand.py" @@ -175,11 +159,15 @@ rule build_hourly_heat_demand: params: snapshots=config_provider("snapshots"), drop_leap_day=config_provider("enable", "drop_leap_day"), + sector=config_provider("sector"), input: heat_profile="data/heat_load_profile_BDEW.csv", heat_demand=resources("daily_heat_demand_total_base_s_{clusters}.nc"), output: heat_demand=resources("hourly_heat_demand_total_base_s_{clusters}.nc"), + heat_dsm_profile=resources( + "residential_heat_dsm_profile_total_base_s_{clusters}.csv" + ), resources: mem_mb=2000, threads: 8 @@ -187,8 +175,6 @@ rule build_hourly_heat_demand: logs("build_hourly_heat_demand_total_s_{clusters}.loc"), benchmark: benchmarks("build_hourly_heat_demand/total_s_{clusters}") - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/build_hourly_heat_demand.py" @@ -217,8 +203,6 @@ rule build_temperature_profiles: logs("build_temperature_profiles_total_s_{clusters}.log"), benchmark: benchmarks("build_temperature_profiles/total_{clusters}") - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/build_temperature_profiles.py" @@ -294,12 +278,31 @@ rule build_central_heating_temperature_profiles: benchmarks( "build_central_heating_temperature_profiles/s_{clusters}_{planning_horizons}" ) - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/build_central_heating_temperature_profiles/run.py" +rule build_dh_areas: + params: + handle_missing_countries=config_provider( + "sector", "district_heating", "dh_areas", "handle_missing_countries" + ), + countries=config_provider("countries"), + input: + dh_areas=rules.retrieve_dh_areas.output["dh_areas"], + regions_onshore=resources("regions_onshore_base_s_{clusters}.geojson"), + output: + dh_areas=resources("dh_areas_base_s_{clusters}.geojson"), + resources: + mem_mb=2000, + log: + logs("build_dh_areas_s_{clusters}.log"), + benchmark: + benchmarks("build_dh_areas_s/s_{clusters}") + script: + "../scripts/build_dh_areas.py" + + rule build_geothermal_heat_potential: params: drop_leap_day=config_provider("enable", "drop_leap_day"), @@ -319,13 +322,15 @@ rule build_geothermal_heat_potential: "ignore_missing_regions", ), input: - isi_heat_potentials="data/isi_heat_utilisation_potentials.xlsx", + isi_heat_potentials=rules.retrieve_geothermal_heat_utilisation_potentials.output[ + "isi_heat_potentials" + ], regions_onshore=lambda w: ( resources("regions_onshore_base-restricted_s_{clusters}.geojson") if config_provider("sector", "district_heating", "subnodes", "enable")(w) else resources("regions_onshore_base_s_{clusters}.geojson") ), - lau_regions="data/lau_regions.zip", + lau_regions=rules.retrieve_lau_regions.output["zip"], output: heat_source_power=resources( "heat_source_power_geothermal_base_s_{clusters}.csv" @@ -336,8 +341,6 @@ rule build_geothermal_heat_potential: logs("build_heat_source_potentials_geothermal_s_{clusters}.log"), benchmark: benchmarks("build_heat_source_potentials/geothermal_s_{clusters}") - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/build_geothermal_heat_potential.py" @@ -383,8 +386,8 @@ rule build_ates_potentials: dh_area_buffer=config_provider( "sector", "district_heating", - "ates", - "dh_area_buffer", + "dh_areas", + "buffer", ), ignore_missing_regions=config_provider( "sector", @@ -394,14 +397,8 @@ rule build_ates_potentials: ), countries=config_provider("countries"), input: - aquifer_shapes_shp="data/bgr/ihme1500_aquif_ec4060_v12_poly.shp", - aquifer_shapes_shx="data/bgr/ihme1500_aquif_ec4060_v12_poly.shx", - aquifer_shapes_dbf="data/bgr/ihme1500_aquif_ec4060_v12_poly.dbf", - aquifer_shapes_cpg="data/bgr/ihme1500_aquif_ec4060_v12_poly.cpg", - aquifer_shapes_prj="data/bgr/ihme1500_aquif_ec4060_v12_poly.prj", - aquifer_shapes_sbn="data/bgr/ihme1500_aquif_ec4060_v12_poly.sbn", - aquifer_shapes_sbx="data/bgr/ihme1500_aquif_ec4060_v12_poly.sbx", - dh_areas="data/dh_areas.gpkg", + aquifer_shapes_shp=rules.retrieve_aquifer_data_bgr.output["aquifer_shapes"][0], + dh_areas=resources("dh_areas_base_s_{clusters}.geojson"), regions_onshore=resources("regions_onshore_base_s_{clusters}.geojson"), central_heating_forward_temperature_profiles=resources( "central_heating_forward_temperature_profiles_base_s_{clusters}_{planning_horizons}.nc" @@ -419,12 +416,213 @@ rule build_ates_potentials: logs("build_ates_potentials_s_{clusters}_{planning_horizons}.log"), benchmark: benchmarks("build_ates_potentials_geothermal_s_{clusters}_{planning_horizons}") - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/build_ates_potentials.py" +def input_hera_data(w) -> dict[str, str]: + """ + Generate input file paths for HERA river discharge and ambient temperature data. + + Parameters + ---------- + w : snakemake.io.Wildcards + Snakemake wildcards object. + + Returns + ------- + dict[str, str] + Dictionary mapping keys like "hera_river_discharge_{year}" and + "hera_ambient_temperature_{year}" to NetCDF file paths. + """ + if config_provider("atlite", "default_cutout")(w) == "be-03-2013-era5": + hera_data_key = "be_2013-03-01_to_2013-03-08" + return { + "hera_river_discharge_2013": f"data/hera_{hera_data_key}/river_discharge_{hera_data_key}.nc", + "hera_ambient_temperature_2013": f"data/hera_{hera_data_key}/ambient_temp_{hera_data_key}.nc", + } + else: + from scripts._helpers import get_snapshots + + # Get all snapshots and extract unique years + snapshots_config = config_provider("snapshots")(w) + snapshots = get_snapshots(snapshots_config) + unique_years = snapshots.year.unique() + + # Create dictionary with year-specific keys + result = {} + for year in unique_years: + result[f"hera_river_discharge_{year}"] = ( + f"data/hera_{year}/river_discharge_{year}.nc" + ) + result[f"hera_ambient_temperature_{year}"] = ( + f"data/hera_{year}/ambient_temp_{year}.nc" + ) + + return result + + +rule build_river_heat_potential: + params: + drop_leap_day=config_provider("enable", "drop_leap_day"), + snapshots=config_provider("snapshots"), + dh_area_buffer=config_provider( + "sector", "district_heating", "dh_areas", "buffer" + ), + enable_heat_source_maps=config_provider("plotting", "enable_heat_source_maps"), + input: + unpack(input_hera_data), + regions_onshore=resources("regions_onshore_base_s_{clusters}.geojson"), + dh_areas=resources("dh_areas_base_s_{clusters}.geojson"), + output: + heat_source_power=resources( + "heat_source_power_river_water_base_s_{clusters}.csv" + ), + heat_source_temperature=resources("temp_river_water_base_s_{clusters}.nc"), + heat_source_temperature_temporal_aggregate=resources( + "temp_river_water_base_s_{clusters}_temporal_aggregate.nc" + ), + heat_source_energy_temporal_aggregate=resources( + "heat_source_energy_river_water_base_s_{clusters}_temporal_aggregate.nc" + ), + resources: + mem_mb=20000, + log: + logs("build_river_water_heat_potential_base_s_{clusters}.log"), + benchmark: + benchmarks("build_river_water_heat_potential_base_s_{clusters}") + threads: 1 + script: + "../scripts/build_surface_water_heat_potentials/build_river_water_heat_potential.py" + + +def input_heat_source_temperature( + w, + replace_names: dict[str, str] = { + "air": "air_total", + "ground": "soil_total", + "ptes": "ptes_top_profiles", + }, +) -> dict[str, str]: + """ + Generate input file paths for heat source temperature profiles. + + Parameters + ---------- + w : snakemake.io.Wildcards + Snakemake wildcards object. + replace_names : dict[str, str], optional + Mapping to transform heat source names to file naming conventions. + + Returns + ------- + dict[str, str] + Dictionary mapping keys like "temp_{heat_source_name}" to NetCDF file paths + for heat sources that require temperature profiles (excludes constant + temperature sources). + """ + + heat_pump_sources = set( + config_provider("sector", "heat_pump_sources", "urban central")(w) + ).union( + config_provider("sector", "heat_pump_sources", "urban decentral")(w), + config_provider("sector", "heat_pump_sources", "rural")(w), + ) + + is_limited_heat_source = { + heat_source_name: heat_source_name + in config_provider("sector", "district_heating", "limited_heat_sources")(w) + for heat_source_name in heat_pump_sources + } + + has_constant_temperature = { + heat_source_name: ( + False + if not is_limited_heat_source[heat_source_name] + else config_provider( + "sector", + "district_heating", + "limited_heat_sources", + heat_source_name, + "constant_temperature_celsius", + )(w) + ) + for heat_source_name in heat_pump_sources + } + + # replace names for soil and air temperature files + return { + f"temp_{heat_source_name}": resources( + "temp_" + + replace_names.get(heat_source_name, heat_source_name) + + "_base_s_{clusters}" + + ("_{planning_horizons}" if heat_source_name == "ptes" else "") + + ".nc" + ) + for heat_source_name in heat_pump_sources + # remove heat sources with constant temperature - i.e. no temperature profile file + if not has_constant_temperature[heat_source_name] + } + + +def input_seawater_temperature(w) -> dict[str, str]: + """ + Generate input file paths for seawater temperature data. + + Parameters + ---------- + w : snakemake.io.Wildcards + Snakemake wildcards object. + + Returns + ------- + dict[str, str] + Dictionary mapping keys like "seawater_temperature_{year}" to NetCDF file paths. + """ + + # Import here to avoid circular imports + from scripts._helpers import get_snapshots + + # Get all snapshots and extract unique years + snapshots_config = config_provider("snapshots")(w) + snapshots = get_snapshots(snapshots_config) + unique_years = snapshots.year.unique() + + # Create dictionary with year-specific keys + return { + f"seawater_temperature_{year}": f"data/seawater_temperature_{year}.nc" + for year in unique_years + } + + +rule build_sea_heat_potential: + params: + drop_leap_day=config_provider("enable", "drop_leap_day"), + snapshots=config_provider("snapshots"), + dh_area_buffer=config_provider( + "sector", "district_heating", "dh_areas", "buffer" + ), + input: + # seawater_temperature=lambda w: input_seawater_temperature(w), + unpack(input_seawater_temperature), + regions_onshore=resources("regions_onshore_base_s_{clusters}.geojson"), + dh_areas=resources("dh_areas_base_s_{clusters}.geojson"), + output: + heat_source_temperature=resources("temp_sea_water_base_s_{clusters}.nc"), + heat_source_temperature_temporal_aggregate=resources( + "temp_sea_water_base_s_{clusters}_temporal_aggregate.nc" + ), + resources: + mem_mb=10000, + log: + logs("build_sea_water_heat_potential_base_s_{clusters}.log"), + benchmark: + benchmarks("build_sea_water_heat_potential_base_s_{clusters}") + threads: config["atlite"].get("nprocesses", 4) + script: + "../scripts/build_surface_water_heat_potentials/build_sea_water_heat_potential.py" + + rule build_cop_profiles: params: heat_pump_sink_T_decentral_heating=config_provider( @@ -442,17 +640,13 @@ rule build_cop_profiles: ), snapshots=config_provider("snapshots"), input: + unpack(input_heat_source_temperature), central_heating_forward_temperature_profiles=resources( "central_heating_forward_temperature_profiles_base_s_{clusters}_{planning_horizons}.nc" ), central_heating_return_temperature_profiles=resources( "central_heating_return_temperature_profiles_base_s_{clusters}_{planning_horizons}.nc" ), - temp_soil_total=resources("temp_soil_total_base_s_{clusters}.nc"), - temp_air_total=resources("temp_air_total_base_s_{clusters}.nc"), - temp_ptes_total=resources( - "ptes_top_temperature_profiles_s_{clusters}_{planning_horizons}.nc" - ), regions_onshore=lambda w: ( resources("regions_onshore_base-extended_s_{clusters}.geojson") if config_provider("sector", "district_heating", "subnodes", "enable")(w) @@ -466,8 +660,6 @@ rule build_cop_profiles: logs("build_cop_profiles_s_{clusters}_{planning_horizons}.log"), benchmark: benchmarks("build_cop_profiles/s_{clusters}_{planning_horizons}") - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/build_cop_profiles/run.py" @@ -497,10 +689,10 @@ rule build_ptes_operations: regions_onshore=resources("regions_onshore_base_s_{clusters}.geojson"), output: ptes_direct_utilisation_profiles=resources( - "ptes_direct_utilisation_profiles_s_{clusters}_{planning_horizons}.nc" + "ptes_direct_utilisation_profiles_base_s_{clusters}_{planning_horizons}.nc" ), ptes_top_temperature_profiles=resources( - "ptes_top_temperature_profiles_s_{clusters}_{planning_horizons}.nc" + "temp_ptes_top_profiles_base_s_{clusters}_{planning_horizons}.nc" ), ptes_e_max_pu_profiles=resources( "ptes_e_max_pu_profiles_base_s_{clusters}_{planning_horizons}.nc" @@ -511,8 +703,6 @@ rule build_ptes_operations: logs("build_ptes_operations_s_{clusters}_{planning_horizons}.log"), benchmark: benchmarks("build_ptes_operations_s_{clusters}_{planning_horizons}") - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/build_ptes_operations/run.py" @@ -544,22 +734,10 @@ rule build_direct_heat_source_utilisation_profiles: benchmarks( "build_direct_heat_source_utilisation_profiles/s_{clusters}_{planning_horizons}" ) - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/build_direct_heat_source_utilisation_profiles.py" -def solar_thermal_cutout(wildcards): - c = config_provider("solar_thermal", "cutout")(wildcards) - if c == "default": - return CDIR.joinpath( - config_provider("atlite", "default_cutout")(wildcards) + ".nc" - ).as_posix() - else: - return CDIR.joinpath(c + ".nc").as_posix() - - rule build_solar_thermal_profiles: params: snapshots=config_provider("snapshots"), @@ -578,8 +756,6 @@ rule build_solar_thermal_profiles: logs("build_solar_thermal_profiles_total_s_{clusters}.log"), benchmark: benchmarks("build_solar_thermal_profiles/total_{clusters}") - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/build_solar_thermal_profiles.py" @@ -590,13 +766,13 @@ rule build_energy_totals: energy=config_provider("energy"), input: nuts3_shapes=resources("nuts3_shapes.geojson"), - co2="data/bundle/eea/UNFCCC_v23.csv", + co2=rules.retrieve_ghg_emissions.output["csv"], swiss="data/switzerland-new_format-all_years.csv", - swiss_transport="data/gr-e-11.03.02.01.01-cc.csv", - idees="data/jrc-idees-2021", + swiss_transport=f"{BFS_ROAD_VEHICLE_STOCK_DATASET['folder']}/vehicle_stock.csv", + idees=rules.retrieve_jrc_idees.output["directory"], district_heat_share="data/district_heat_share.csv", - eurostat="data/eurostat/Balances-April2023", - eurostat_households="data/eurostat/eurostat-household_energy_balances-february_2024.csv", + eurostat=rules.retrieve_eurostat_balances.output["directory"], + eurostat_households=rules.retrieve_eurostat_household_balances.output["csv"], output: transformation_output_coke=resources("transformation_output_coke.csv"), energy_name=resources("energy_totals.csv"), @@ -611,15 +787,35 @@ rule build_energy_totals: logs("build_energy_totals.log"), benchmark: benchmarks("build_energy_totals") - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/build_energy_totals.py" +if (COUNTRY_HDD_DATASET := dataset_version("country_hdd"))["source"] in ["build"]: + + # This rule uses one or multiple cutouts. + # To update the output files to include a new year, e.g. 2025 using an existing cutout, + # either create a new cutout covering the whole timespan or add another cutout that covers the additional year(s). + # E.g. cutouts=[, ] + rule build_country_hdd: + input: + cutouts=["cutouts/europe-1940-2024-era5.nc"], + country_shapes=resources("country_shapes.geojson"), + output: + era5_hdd=f"{COUNTRY_HDD_DATASET["folder"]}/era5-HDD-per-country.csv", + log: + logs("build_country_hdd.log"), + benchmark: + benchmarks("build_country_hdd") + conda: + "../envs/environment.yaml" + script: + "../scripts/build_country_hdd.py" + + rule build_heat_totals: input: - hdd="data/bundle/era5-HDD-per-country.csv", + hdd=f"{COUNTRY_HDD_DATASET["folder"]}/era5-HDD-per-country.csv", energy_totals=resources("energy_totals.csv"), output: heat_totals=resources("heat_totals.csv"), @@ -630,8 +826,6 @@ rule build_heat_totals: logs("build_heat_totals.log"), benchmark: benchmarks("build_heat_totals") - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/build_heat_totals.py" @@ -640,13 +834,13 @@ rule build_biomass_potentials: params: biomass=config_provider("biomass"), input: - enspreso_biomass="data/ENSPRESO_BIOMASS.xlsx", - eurostat="data/eurostat/Balances-April2023", - nuts2="data/nuts/NUTS_RG_03M_2013_4326_LEVL_2.geojson", + enspreso_biomass=rules.retrieve_enspreso_biomass.output["xlsx"], + eurostat=rules.retrieve_eurostat_balances.output["directory"], + nuts2=rules.retrieve_eu_nuts_2013.output["shapes_level_2"], regions_onshore=resources("regions_onshore_base_s_{clusters}.geojson"), - nuts3_population=ancient("data/bundle/nama_10r_3popgdp.tsv.gz"), + nuts3_population=ancient(rules.retrieve_nuts3_population.output["gz"]), swiss_cantons=ancient("data/ch_cantons.csv"), - swiss_population=ancient("data/bundle/je-e-21.03.02.xls"), + swiss_population=rules.retrieve_bfs_gdp_and_population.output["xlsx"], country_shapes=resources("country_shapes.geojson"), output: biomass_potentials_all=resources( @@ -662,8 +856,6 @@ rule build_biomass_potentials: logs("build_biomass_potentials_s_{clusters}_{planning_horizons}.log"), benchmark: benchmarks("build_biomass_potentials_s_{clusters}_{planning_horizons}") - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/build_biomass_potentials.py" @@ -681,20 +873,18 @@ rule build_biomass_transport_costs: logs("build_biomass_transport_costs.log"), benchmark: benchmarks("build_biomass_transport_costs") - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/build_biomass_transport_costs.py" rule build_co2_sequestration_potentials: input: - storage_table="data/CO2JRC_OpenFormats/CO2Stop_DataInterrogationSystem/Hydrocarbon_Storage_Units.csv", - storage_map="data/CO2JRC_OpenFormats/CO2Stop_Polygons Data/StorageUnits_March13.kml", - traps_table1="data/CO2JRC_OpenFormats/CO2Stop_DataInterrogationSystem/Hydrocarbon_Traps.csv", - traps_table2="data/CO2JRC_OpenFormats/CO2Stop_DataInterrogationSystem/Hydrocarbon_Traps_Temp.csv", - traps_table3="data/CO2JRC_OpenFormats/CO2Stop_DataInterrogationSystem/Hydrocarbon_Traps1.csv", - traps_map="data/CO2JRC_OpenFormats/CO2Stop_Polygons Data/DaughterUnits_March13.kml", + storage_table=rules.retrieve_co2stop.output["storage_table"], + storage_map=rules.retrieve_co2stop.output["storage_map"], + traps_table1=rules.retrieve_co2stop.output["traps_table1"], + traps_table2=rules.retrieve_co2stop.output["traps_table2"], + traps_table3=rules.retrieve_co2stop.output["traps_table3"], + traps_map=rules.retrieve_co2stop.output["traps_map"], output: resources("co2_sequestration_potentials.geojson"), threads: 1 @@ -704,8 +894,6 @@ rule build_co2_sequestration_potentials: logs("build_co2_sequestration_potentials.log"), benchmark: benchmarks("build_co2_sequestration_potentials") - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/build_co2_sequestration_potentials.py" @@ -730,15 +918,13 @@ rule build_clustered_co2_sequestration_potentials: logs("build_clustered_co2_sequestration_potentials_{clusters}.log"), benchmark: benchmarks("build_clustered_co2_sequestration_potentials_{clusters}") - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/build_clustered_co2_sequestration_potentials.py" rule build_salt_cavern_potentials: input: - salt_caverns="data/bundle/h2_salt_caverns_GWh_per_sqkm.geojson", + salt_caverns=rules.retrieve_h2_salt_caverns.output["geojson"], regions_onshore=resources("regions_onshore_base_s_{clusters}.geojson"), regions_offshore=resources("regions_offshore_base_s_{clusters}.geojson"), output: @@ -750,15 +936,13 @@ rule build_salt_cavern_potentials: logs("build_salt_cavern_potentials_s_{clusters}.log"), benchmark: benchmarks("build_salt_cavern_potentials_s_{clusters}") - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/build_salt_cavern_potentials.py" rule build_ammonia_production: input: - usgs="data/myb1-2022-nitro-ert.xlsx", + usgs=rules.retrieve_nitrogen_statistics.output["xlsx"], output: ammonia_production=resources("ammonia_production.csv"), threads: 1 @@ -768,8 +952,6 @@ rule build_ammonia_production: logs("build_ammonia_production.log"), benchmark: benchmarks("build_ammonia_production") - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/build_ammonia_production.py" @@ -780,7 +962,7 @@ rule build_industry_sector_ratios: ammonia=config_provider("sector", "ammonia", default=False), input: ammonia_production=resources("ammonia_production.csv"), - idees="data/jrc-idees-2021", + idees=rules.retrieve_jrc_idees.output["directory"], output: industry_sector_ratios=resources("industry_sector_ratios.csv"), threads: 1 @@ -790,8 +972,6 @@ rule build_industry_sector_ratios: logs("build_industry_sector_ratios.log"), benchmark: benchmarks("build_industry_sector_ratios") - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/build_industry_sector_ratios.py" @@ -818,8 +998,6 @@ rule build_industry_sector_ratios_intermediate: logs("build_industry_sector_ratios_{planning_horizons}.log"), benchmark: benchmarks("build_industry_sector_ratios_{planning_horizons}") - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/build_industry_sector_ratios_intermediate.py" @@ -831,8 +1009,8 @@ rule build_industrial_production_per_country: input: ch_industrial_production="data/ch_industrial_production_per_subsector.csv", ammonia_production=resources("ammonia_production.csv"), - jrc="data/jrc-idees-2021", - eurostat="data/eurostat/Balances-April2023", + eurostat=rules.retrieve_eurostat_balances.output["directory"], + jrc=rules.retrieve_jrc_idees.output["directory"], output: industrial_production_per_country=resources( "industrial_production_per_country.csv" @@ -844,8 +1022,6 @@ rule build_industrial_production_per_country: logs("build_industrial_production_per_country.log"), benchmark: benchmarks("build_industrial_production_per_country") - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/build_industrial_production_per_country.py" @@ -872,8 +1048,6 @@ rule build_industrial_production_per_country_tomorrow: "build_industrial_production_per_country_tomorrow_{planning_horizons}" ) ) - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/build_industrial_production_per_country_tomorrow.py" @@ -887,8 +1061,8 @@ rule build_industrial_distribution_key: input: regions_onshore=resources("regions_onshore_base_s_{clusters}.geojson"), clustered_pop_layout=resources("pop_layout_base_s_{clusters}.csv"), - hotmaps="data/Industrial_Database.csv", - gem_gspt="data/gem/Global-Steel-Plant-Tracker-April-2024-Standard-Copy-V1.xlsx", + hotmaps=rules.retrieve_hotmaps_industrial_sites.output["csv"], + gem_gspt=rules.retrieve_gem_steel_plant_tracker.output["xlsx"], ammonia="data/ammonia_plants.csv", cement_supplement="data/cement-plants-noneu.csv", refineries_supplement="data/refineries-noneu.csv", @@ -903,8 +1077,6 @@ rule build_industrial_distribution_key: logs("build_industrial_distribution_key_{clusters}.log"), benchmark: benchmarks("build_industrial_distribution_key/s_{clusters}") - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/build_industrial_distribution_key.py" @@ -932,8 +1104,6 @@ rule build_industrial_production_per_node: "build_industrial_production_per_node/s_{clusters}_{planning_horizons}" ) ) - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/build_industrial_production_per_node.py" @@ -966,8 +1136,6 @@ rule build_industrial_energy_demand_per_node: "build_industrial_energy_demand_per_node/s_{clusters}_{planning_horizons}" ) ) - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/build_industrial_energy_demand_per_node.py" @@ -979,7 +1147,7 @@ rule build_industrial_energy_demand_per_country_today: ammonia=config_provider("sector", "ammonia", default=False), input: transformation_output_coke=resources("transformation_output_coke.csv"), - jrc="data/jrc-idees-2021", + jrc=rules.retrieve_jrc_idees.output["directory"], industrial_production_per_country=resources( "industrial_production_per_country.csv" ), @@ -994,8 +1162,6 @@ rule build_industrial_energy_demand_per_country_today: logs("build_industrial_energy_demand_per_country_today.log"), benchmark: benchmarks("build_industrial_energy_demand_per_country_today") - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/build_industrial_energy_demand_per_country_today.py" @@ -1019,8 +1185,6 @@ rule build_industrial_energy_demand_per_node_today: logs("build_industrial_energy_demand_per_node_today_{clusters}.log"), benchmark: benchmarks("build_industrial_energy_demand_per_node_today/s_{clusters}") - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/build_industrial_energy_demand_per_node_today.py" @@ -1049,8 +1213,6 @@ rule build_retro_cost: logs("build_retro_cost_{clusters}.log"), benchmark: benchmarks("build_retro_cost/s_{clusters}") - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/build_retro_cost.py" @@ -1071,15 +1233,13 @@ rule build_population_weighted_energy_totals: logs("build_population_weighted_{kind}_totals_{clusters}.log"), benchmark: benchmarks("build_population_weighted_{kind}_totals_{clusters}") - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/build_population_weighted_energy_totals.py" rule build_shipping_demand: input: - ports="data/attributed_ports.json", + ports=rules.retrieve_attributed_ports.output["json"], scope=resources("europe_shape.geojson"), regions=resources("regions_onshore_base_s_{clusters}.geojson"), demand=resources("energy_totals.csv"), @@ -1094,12 +1254,40 @@ rule build_shipping_demand: logs("build_shipping_demand_s_{clusters}.log"), benchmark: benchmarks("build_shipping_demand/s_{clusters}") - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/build_shipping_demand.py" +if MOBILITY_PROFILES_DATASET["source"] in ["build"]: + + rule build_mobility_profiles: + params: + sector=config_provider("sector"), + input: + zip_files=storage( + expand( + MOBILITY_PROFILES_DATASET["url"], + year=[2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014], + street_type=["A", "B"], + ), + ), + output: + raw_files=directory(MOBILITY_PROFILES_DATASET["folder"] / "raw"), + kfz=MOBILITY_PROFILES_DATASET["folder"] / "kfz.csv", + pkw=MOBILITY_PROFILES_DATASET["folder"] / "pkw.csv", + threads: 1 + resources: + mem_mb=5000, + log: + logs("build_mobility_profiles.log"), + benchmark: + benchmarks("build_mobility_profiles") + conda: + "../envs/environment.yaml" + script: + "../scripts/build_mobility_profiles.py" + + rule build_transport_demand: params: snapshots=config_provider("snapshots"), @@ -1107,13 +1295,14 @@ rule build_transport_demand: sector=config_provider("sector"), energy_totals_year=config_provider("energy", "energy_totals_year"), input: + network=resources("networks/base_s.nc"), clustered_pop_layout=resources("pop_layout_base_s_{clusters}.csv"), pop_weighted_energy_totals=resources( "pop_weighted_energy_totals_s_{clusters}.csv" ), transport_data=resources("transport_data.csv"), - traffic_data_KFZ="data/bundle/emobility/KFZ__count", - traffic_data_Pkw="data/bundle/emobility/Pkw__count", + traffic_data_KFZ=f"{MOBILITY_PROFILES_DATASET["folder"]}/kfz.csv", + traffic_data_Pkw=f"{MOBILITY_PROFILES_DATASET["folder"]}/pkw.csv", temp_air_total=resources("temp_air_total_base_s_{clusters}.nc"), output: transport_demand=resources("transport_demand_s_{clusters}.csv"), @@ -1127,8 +1316,6 @@ rule build_transport_demand: logs("build_transport_demand_s_{clusters}.log"), benchmark: benchmarks("build_transport_demand/s_{clusters}") - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/build_transport_demand.py" @@ -1151,8 +1338,6 @@ rule build_district_heat_share: logs("build_district_heat_share_{clusters}_{planning_horizons}.log"), benchmark: benchmarks("build_district_heat_share_{clusters}_{planning_horizons}") - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/build_district_heat_share.py" @@ -1188,15 +1373,13 @@ rule build_existing_heating_distribution: benchmarks( "build_existing_heating_distribution/base_s_{clusters}_{planning_horizons}" ) - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/build_existing_heating_distribution.py" rule time_aggregation: params: - time_resolution=config_provider("clustering", "temporal", "resolution_sector"), + time_resolution=config_provider("clustering", "temporal"), drop_leap_day=config_provider("enable", "drop_leap_day"), solver_name=config_provider("solving", "solver", "name"), input: @@ -1222,8 +1405,6 @@ rule time_aggregation: logs("time_aggregation_base_s_{clusters}_elec_{opts}_{sector_opts}.log"), benchmark: benchmarks("time_aggregation_base_s_{clusters}_elec_{opts}_{sector_opts}") - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/time_aggregation.py" @@ -1261,8 +1442,6 @@ rule build_egs_potentials: logs("build_egs_potentials_{clusters}.log"), benchmark: benchmarks("build_egs_potentials_{clusters}") - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/build_egs_potentials.py" @@ -1291,7 +1470,6 @@ rule prepare_sector_network: "existing_capacities", "conventional_carriers" ), foresight=config_provider("foresight"), - costs=config_provider("costs"), sector=config_provider("sector"), industry=config_provider("industry"), renewable=config_provider("renewable"), @@ -1302,6 +1480,7 @@ rule prepare_sector_network: countries=config_provider("countries"), adjustments=config_provider("adjustments", "sector"), emissions_scope=config_provider("energy", "emissions"), + emission_prices=config_provider("costs", "emission_prices"), biomass=config_provider("biomass"), RDIR=RDIR, heat_pump_sources=config_provider("sector", "heat_pump_sources"), @@ -1348,7 +1527,7 @@ rule prepare_sector_network: else [] ), network=resources("networks/base_s_{clusters}_elec_{opts}.nc"), - eurostat="data/eurostat/Balances-April2023", + eurostat=rules.retrieve_eurostat_balances.output["directory"], pop_weighted_energy_totals=resources( "pop_weighted_energy_totals_s_{clusters}.csv" ), @@ -1358,15 +1537,18 @@ rule prepare_sector_network: transport_data=resources("transport_data_s_{clusters}.csv"), avail_profile=resources("avail_profile_s_{clusters}.csv"), dsm_profile=resources("dsm_profile_s_{clusters}.csv"), + heat_dsm_profile=resources( + "residential_heat_dsm_profile_total_base_s_{clusters}.csv" + ), co2_totals_name=resources("co2_totals.csv"), - co2="data/bundle/eea/UNFCCC_v23.csv", + co2=rules.retrieve_ghg_emissions.output["csv"], biomass_potentials=resources( "biomass_potentials_s_{clusters}_{planning_horizons}.csv" ), costs=lambda w: ( - resources("costs_{}.csv".format(config_provider("costs", "year")(w))) + resources(f"costs_{config_provider("costs", "year")(w)}_processed.csv") if config_provider("foresight")(w) == "overnight" - else resources("costs_{planning_horizons}.csv") + else resources("costs_{planning_horizons}_processed.csv") ), h2_cavern=resources("salt_cavern_potentials_s_{clusters}.csv"), busmap_s=resources("busmap_base_s.csv"), @@ -1399,7 +1581,7 @@ rule prepare_sector_network: ), ptes_direct_utilisation_profiles=lambda w: ( resources( - "ptes_direct_utilisation_profiles_s_{clusters}_{planning_horizons}.nc" + "ptes_direct_utilisation_profiles_base_s_{clusters}_{planning_horizons}.nc" ) if config_provider( "sector", "district_heating", "ptes", "supplemental_heating", "enable" @@ -1454,7 +1636,5 @@ rule prepare_sector_network: benchmarks( "prepare_sector_network/base_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}" ) - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/prepare_sector_network.py" diff --git a/rules/collect.smk b/rules/collect.smk index 2fd9b4fd7..ee0f90f8a 100644 --- a/rules/collect.smk +++ b/rules/collect.smk @@ -12,6 +12,24 @@ localrules: solve_sector_networks, +rule process_costs: + input: + lambda w: ( + expand( + resources( + f"costs_{config_provider('costs', 'year')(w)}_processed.csv" + ), + run=config["run"]["name"], + ) + if config_provider("foresight")(w) == "overnight" + else expand( + resources("costs_{planning_horizons}_processed.csv"), + **config["scenario"], + run=config["run"]["name"], + ) + ), + + rule cluster_networks: input: expand( @@ -64,23 +82,42 @@ rule solve_sector_networks_perfect: input: expand( RESULTS - + "maps/base_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}-costs-all_{planning_horizons}.pdf", + + "maps/static/base_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}-costs-all_{planning_horizons}.pdf", **config["scenario"], run=config["run"]["name"], ), +def balance_map_paths(kind, w): + """ + kind = "static" or "interactive" + """ + cfg_key = "balance_map" if kind == "static" else "balance_map_interactive" + + return expand( + RESULTS + + f"maps/{kind}/base_s_{{clusters}}_{{opts}}_{{sector_opts}}_{{planning_horizons}}" + f"-balance_map_{{carrier}}.{'pdf'if kind== 'static' else 'html'}", + **config["scenario"], + run=config["run"]["name"], + carrier=config_provider("plotting", cfg_key, "bus_carriers")(w), + ) + + rule plot_balance_maps: input: - lambda w: expand( - ( - RESULTS - + "maps/base_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}-balance_map_{carrier}.pdf" - ), - **config["scenario"], - run=config["run"]["name"], - carrier=config_provider("plotting", "balance_map", "bus_carriers")(w), - ), + static=lambda w: balance_map_paths("static", w), + interactive=lambda w: balance_map_paths("interactive", w), + + +rule plot_balance_maps_static: + input: + lambda w: balance_map_paths("static", w), + + +rule plot_balance_maps_interactive: + input: + lambda w: balance_map_paths("interactive", w), rule plot_statistics: diff --git a/rules/common.smk b/rules/common.smk index 634b09200..49d494792 100644 --- a/rules/common.smk +++ b/rules/common.smk @@ -6,10 +6,13 @@ import copy from functools import partial, lru_cache import os, sys, glob +import requests -sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath("../scripts")) -from scripts._helpers import validate_checksum, update_config_from_wildcards +import pandas as pd +import json + +from scripts._helpers import update_config_from_wildcards from snakemake.utils import update_config @@ -77,6 +80,83 @@ def config_provider(*keys, default=None): return partial(static_getter, keys=keys, default=default) +@lru_cache +def load_data_versions(file_path): + data_versions = pd.read_csv( + file_path, + dtype=str, + na_filter=False, + delimiter=",", + comment="#", + ) + + # Turn 'tags' column from string representation of list to individual columns + data_versions["tags"] = data_versions["tags"].apply( + lambda x: json.loads(x.replace("'", '"')) + ) + exploded = data_versions.explode("tags") + dummies = pd.get_dummies(exploded["tags"], dtype=bool) + tags_matrix = dummies.groupby(dummies.index).max() + data_versions = data_versions.join(tags_matrix) + + return data_versions + + +def dataset_version( + name: str, +) -> pd.Series: + """ + Return the dataset version information and url for a given dataset name. + + The dataset name is used to determine the source and version of the dataset from the configuration. + Then the 'data/versions.csv' file is queried to find the matching dataset entry. + + Parameters: + name: str + The name of the dataset to retrieve version information for. + + Returns: + pd.Series + A pandas Series containing the dataset version information, including source, version, tags, and URL + """ + + dataset_config = config["data"][ + name + ] # TODO as is right now, it is not compatible with config_provider + + # To use PyPSA-Eur as a snakemake module, the path to the versions.csv file needs to be + # registered relative to the current file with Snakemake: + fp = workflow.source_path("../data/versions.csv") + data_versions = load_data_versions(fp) + + dataset = data_versions.loc[ + (data_versions["dataset"] == name) + & (data_versions["source"] == dataset_config["source"]) + & (data_versions["supported"]) # Limit to supported versions only + & ( + data_versions["version"] == dataset_config["version"] + if "latest" != dataset_config["version"] + else True + ) + & (data_versions["latest"] if "latest" == dataset_config["version"] else True) + ] + + if dataset.empty: + raise ValueError( + f"Dataset '{name}' with source '{dataset_config['source']}' for '{dataset_config['version']}' not found in data/versions.csv." + ) + + # Return single-row DataFrame as a Series + dataset = dataset.squeeze() + + # Generate output folder path in the `data` directory + dataset["folder"] = Path( + "data", name, dataset["source"], dataset["version"] + ).as_posix() + + return dataset + + def solver_threads(w): solver_options = config_provider("solving", "solver_options")(w) option_set = config_provider("solving", "solver", "options")(w) @@ -112,28 +192,6 @@ def input_custom_extra_functionality(w): return [] -def has_internet_access(url: str = "https://www.zenodo.org", timeout: int = 5) -> bool: - """ - Checks if internet connection is available by sending a HEAD request - to a reliable server like Zenodo. - - Parameters: - - url (str): The URL to check for internet connection. Default is Zenodo. - - timeout (int | float): The maximum time (in seconds) the request should wait. - - Returns: - - bool: True if the internet is available, otherwise False. - """ - try: - # Send a HEAD request to avoid fetching full response - response = requests.head(url, timeout=timeout, allow_redirects=True) - return response.status_code == 200 - except requests.ConnectionError: # (e.g., no internet, DNS issues) - return False - except requests.Timeout: # (e.g., slow or no network) - return False - - def solved_previous_horizon(w): planning_horizons = config_provider("scenario", "planning_horizons")(w) i = planning_horizons.index(int(w.planning_horizons)) @@ -148,9 +206,13 @@ def solved_previous_horizon(w): def input_cutout(wildcards, cutout_names="default"): + + cutouts_path = dataset_version("cutout")["folder"] + if cutout_names == "default": cutout_names = config_provider("atlite", "default_cutout")(wildcards) + if isinstance(cutout_names, list): - return [CDIR.joinpath(cn + ".nc").as_posix() for cn in cutout_names] + return [f"{cutouts_path}/{cn}.nc" for cn in cutout_names] else: - return CDIR.joinpath(cutout_names + ".nc").as_posix() + return f"{cutouts_path}/{cutout_names}.nc" diff --git a/rules/development.smk b/rules/development.smk index 280c69652..fb977cf83 100644 --- a/rules/development.smk +++ b/rules/development.smk @@ -2,22 +2,25 @@ # # SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT -if config["electricity"]["base_network"] == "osm-raw": +if ( + config["electricity"]["base_network"] == "osm" + and config["data"]["osm"]["source"] == "build" +): rule prepare_osm_network_release: params: line_types=config["lines"]["types"], input: base_network=resources("networks/base.nc"), - stations_polygon=resources("osm-raw/build/geojson/stations_polygon.geojson"), - buses_polygon=resources("osm-raw/build/geojson/buses_polygon.geojson"), + stations_polygon=resources("osm/geojson/stations_polygon.geojson"), + buses_polygon=resources("osm/geojson/buses_polygon.geojson"), output: - buses=resources("osm-raw/release/buses.csv"), - converters=resources("osm-raw/release/converters.csv"), - lines=resources("osm-raw/release/lines.csv"), - links=resources("osm-raw/release/links.csv"), - transformers=resources("osm-raw/release/transformers.csv"), - map=resources("osm-raw/release/map.html"), + buses=resources("osm/upstream/release/buses.csv"), + converters=resources("osm/upstream/release/converters.csv"), + lines=resources("osm/upstream/release/lines.csv"), + links=resources("osm/upstream/release/links.csv"), + transformers=resources("osm/upstream/release/transformers.csv"), + map=resources("osm/upstream/release/map.html"), log: logs("prepare_osm_network_release.log"), benchmark: @@ -25,7 +28,5 @@ if config["electricity"]["base_network"] == "osm-raw": threads: 1 resources: mem_mb=1000, - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/prepare_osm_network_release.py" diff --git a/rules/postprocess.smk b/rules/postprocess.smk index e5eaf0002..7fc483481 100644 --- a/rules/postprocess.smk +++ b/rules/postprocess.smk @@ -18,8 +18,6 @@ if config["foresight"] != "perfect": mem_mb=4000, benchmark: benchmarks("plot_base_network/base") - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/plot_base_network.py" @@ -36,8 +34,6 @@ if config["foresight"] != "perfect": mem_mb=4000, benchmark: benchmarks("plot_power_network_clustered/base_s_{clusters}") - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/plot_power_network_clustered.py" @@ -51,7 +47,7 @@ if config["foresight"] != "perfect": regions=resources("regions_onshore_base_s_{clusters}.geojson"), output: map=RESULTS - + "maps/base_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}-costs-all_{planning_horizons}.pdf", + + "maps/static/base_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}-costs-all_{planning_horizons}.pdf", threads: 2 resources: mem_mb=10000, @@ -63,8 +59,6 @@ if config["foresight"] != "perfect": RESULTS + "benchmarks/plot_power_network/base_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}" ) - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/plot_power_network.py" @@ -78,7 +72,7 @@ if config["foresight"] != "perfect": regions=resources("regions_onshore_base_s_{clusters}.geojson"), output: map=RESULTS - + "maps/base_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}-h2_network_{planning_horizons}.pdf", + + "maps/static/base_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}-h2_network_{planning_horizons}.pdf", threads: 2 resources: mem_mb=10000, @@ -90,8 +84,6 @@ if config["foresight"] != "perfect": RESULTS + "benchmarks/plot_hydrogen_network/base_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}" ) - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/plot_hydrogen_network.py" @@ -104,7 +96,7 @@ if config["foresight"] != "perfect": regions=resources("regions_onshore_base_s_{clusters}.geojson"), output: map=RESULTS - + "maps/base_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}-ch4_network_{planning_horizons}.pdf", + + "maps/static/base_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}-ch4_network_{planning_horizons}.pdf", threads: 2 resources: mem_mb=10000, @@ -116,21 +108,20 @@ if config["foresight"] != "perfect": RESULTS + "benchmarks/plot_gas_network/base_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}" ) - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/plot_gas_network.py" rule plot_balance_map: params: plotting=config_provider("plotting"), + settings=lambda w: config_provider("plotting", "balance_map", w.carrier), input: network=RESULTS + "networks/base_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}.nc", regions=resources("regions_onshore_base_s_{clusters}.geojson"), output: RESULTS - + "maps/base_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}-balance_map_{carrier}.pdf", + + "maps/static/base_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}-balance_map_{carrier}.pdf", threads: 1 resources: mem_mb=8000, @@ -142,10 +133,77 @@ if config["foresight"] != "perfect": RESULTS + "benchmarks/plot_balance_map/base_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}_{carrier}" ) + script: + "../scripts/plot_balance_map.py" + + rule plot_balance_map_interactive: + params: + settings=lambda w: config_provider( + "plotting", "balance_map_interactive", w.carrier + ), + input: + network=RESULTS + + "networks/base_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}.nc", + regions=resources("regions_onshore_base_s_{clusters}.geojson"), + output: + RESULTS + + "maps/interactive/base_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}-balance_map_{carrier}.html", + threads: 1 + resources: + mem_mb=8000, + log: + RESULTS + + "logs/plot_balance_map_interactive/base_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}_{carrier}.log", + benchmark: + ( + RESULTS + + "benchmarks/plot_interactive_map/base_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}_{carrier}" + ) conda: "../envs/environment.yaml" script: - "../scripts/plot_balance_map.py" + "../scripts/plot_balance_map_interactive.py" + + rule plot_heat_source_map: + params: + plotting=config_provider("plotting"), + heat_sources=config_provider("sector", "heat_pump_sources"), + input: + regions=resources("regions_onshore_base_s_{clusters}.geojson"), + heat_source_temperature=lambda w: ( + resources( + "temp_" + w.carrier + "_base_s_{clusters}_temporal_aggregate.nc" + ) + if w.carrier in ["river_water", "sea_water", "ambient_air"] + else [] + ), + heat_source_energy=lambda w: ( + resources( + "heat_source_energy_" + + w.carrier + + "_base_s_{clusters}_temporal_aggregate.nc" + ) + if w.carrier in ["river_water"] + else [] + ), + output: + temp_map=RESULTS + + "maps/static/base_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}-heat_source_temperature_map_{carrier}.html", + energy_map=RESULTS + + "maps/static/base_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}-heat_source_energy_map_{carrier}.html", + threads: 1 + resources: + mem_mb=150000, + log: + RESULTS + + "logs/plot_heat_source_map/base_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}_{carrier}.log", + benchmark: + ( + RESULTS + + "benchmarks/plot_heat_source_map/base_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}_{carrier}" + ) + script: + "../scripts/plot_heat_source_map.py" if config["foresight"] == "perfect": @@ -153,7 +211,7 @@ if config["foresight"] == "perfect": def output_map_year(w): return { f"map_{year}": RESULTS - + "maps/base_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}-costs-all_" + + "maps/static/base_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}-costs-all_" + f"{year}.pdf" for year in config_provider("scenario", "planning_horizons")(w) } @@ -170,8 +228,6 @@ if config["foresight"] == "perfect": threads: 2 resources: mem_mb=10000, - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/plot_power_network_perfect.py" @@ -220,8 +276,6 @@ rule make_summary: RESULTS + "benchmarks/make_summary_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}" ) - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/make_summary.py" @@ -337,8 +391,6 @@ rule make_global_summary: RESULTS + "logs/make_global_summary.log", benchmark: RESULTS + "benchmarks/make_global_summary" - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/make_global_summary.py" @@ -357,8 +409,6 @@ rule make_cumulative_costs: RESULTS + "logs/make_cumulative_costs.log", benchmark: RESULTS + "benchmarks/make_cumulative_costs" - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/make_cumulative_costs.py" @@ -377,8 +427,8 @@ rule plot_summary: costs=RESULTS + "csvs/costs.csv", energy=RESULTS + "csvs/energy.csv", balances=RESULTS + "csvs/energy_balance.csv", - eurostat="data/eurostat/Balances-April2023", - co2="data/bundle/eea/UNFCCC_v23.csv", + eurostat=rules.retrieve_eurostat_balances.output["directory"], + co2=rules.retrieve_ghg_emissions.output["csv"], output: costs=RESULTS + "graphs/costs.svg", energy=RESULTS + "graphs/energy.svg", @@ -388,8 +438,6 @@ rule plot_summary: mem_mb=10000, log: RESULTS + "logs/plot_summary.log", - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/plot_summary.py" @@ -412,8 +460,6 @@ rule plot_balance_timeseries: benchmark: RESULTS +"benchmarks/plot_balance_timeseries/base_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}" - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" output: directory( RESULTS @@ -441,8 +487,6 @@ rule plot_heatmap_timeseries: benchmark: RESULTS +"benchmarks/plot_heatmap_timeseries/base_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}" - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" output: directory( RESULTS @@ -576,3 +620,69 @@ rule plot_base_statistics: + "figures/.statistics_plots_base_s_{clusters}_elec_{opts}", script: "../scripts/plot_statistics.py" + + +rule build_ambient_air_temperature_yearly_average: + input: + cutout=lambda w: input_cutout(w), + regions_onshore=resources("regions_onshore_base_s_{clusters}.geojson"), + output: + average_ambient_air_temperature=resources( + "temp_ambient_air_base_s_{clusters}_temporal_aggregate.nc" + ), + threads: 1 + resources: + mem_mb=5000, + log: + RESULTS + "logs/build_ambient_air_temperature_yearly_average/base_s_{clusters}", + benchmark: + ( + RESULTS + + "benchmarks/build_ambient_air_temperature_yearly_average/base_s_{clusters}" + ) + script: + "../scripts/build_ambient_air_temperature_yearly_average.py" + + +rule plot_cop_profiles: + input: + cop_profiles=resources("cop_profiles_base_s_{clusters}_{planning_horizons}.nc"), + output: + html=RESULTS + "graphs/cop_profiles_s_{clusters}_{planning_horizons}.html", + log: + RESULTS + "logs/plot_cop_profiles_s_{clusters}_{planning_horizons}.log", + benchmark: + RESULTS + "benchmarks/plot_cop_profiles/s_{clusters}_{planning_horizons}" + resources: + mem_mb=10000, + script: + "../scripts/plot_cop_profiles/plot_cop_profiles.py" + + +rule plot_interactive_bus_balance: + params: + plotting=config_provider("plotting"), + snapshots=config_provider("snapshots"), + drop_leap_day=config_provider("enable", "drop_leap_day"), + bus_name_pattern=config_provider( + "plotting", "interactive_bus_balance", "bus_name_pattern" + ), + input: + network=RESULTS + + "networks/base_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}.nc", + rc="matplotlibrc", + output: + directory=directory( + RESULTS + + "graphics/interactive_bus_balance/s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}" + ), + log: + RESULTS + + "logs/plot_interactive_bus_balance/base_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}.log", + benchmark: + RESULTS + +"benchmarks/plot_interactive_bus_balance/base_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}" + resources: + mem_mb=20000, + script: + "../scripts/plot_interactive_bus_balance.py" diff --git a/rules/retrieve.smk b/rules/retrieve.smk index d06b85d87..110a3f0b6 100755 --- a/rules/retrieve.smk +++ b/rules/retrieve.smk @@ -4,366 +4,531 @@ import os import requests -from datetime import datetime, timedelta -from shutil import move, unpack_archive -from shutil import copy2 as shcopy2 +from datetime import datetime +from dateutil.relativedelta import relativedelta +from shutil import move, unpack_archive, rmtree, copy2 from zipfile import ZipFile -if config["enable"].get("retrieve", "auto") == "auto": - config["enable"]["retrieve"] = has_internet_access() - -if config["enable"]["retrieve"] is False: - print("Datafile downloads disabled in config[retrieve] or no internet access.") - - -if config["enable"]["retrieve"] and config["enable"].get("retrieve_databundle", True): - datafiles = [ - "je-e-21.03.02.xls", - "nama_10r_3popgdp.tsv.gz", - "corine/g250_clc06_V18_5.tif", - "eea/UNFCCC_v23.csv", - "emobility/KFZ__count", - "emobility/Pkw__count", - "h2_salt_caverns_GWh_per_sqkm.geojson", - "natura/natura.tiff", - "gebco/GEBCO_2014_2D.nc", - "GDP_per_capita_PPP_1990_2015_v2.nc", - "ppp_2019_1km_Aggregated.tif", - "era5-HDD-per-country.csv", - "era5-runoff-per-country.csv", - ] - rule retrieve_databundle: +# Configure the default storage provider for accessing remote files using http +# and the special storage plugin for accessing Zenodo files +storage: + provider="http", + keep_local=True, + retries=3, + + +storage cached_http: + provider="cached-http", + + +if (EUROSTAT_BALANCES_DATASET := dataset_version("eurostat_balances"))["source"] in [ + "primary", + "archive", +]: + + rule retrieve_eurostat_balances: + input: + zip_file=storage(EUROSTAT_BALANCES_DATASET["url"]), + output: + zip_file=f"{EUROSTAT_BALANCES_DATASET['folder']}/balances.zip", + directory=directory(EUROSTAT_BALANCES_DATASET["folder"]), + run: + copy2(input["zip_file"], output["zip_file"]) + unpack_archive(output["zip_file"], output["directory"]) + + +if ( + EUROSTAT_HOUSEHOLD_BALANCES_DATASET := dataset_version( + "eurostat_household_balances" + ) +)["source"] in [ + "primary", + "archive", +]: + + rule retrieve_eurostat_household_balances: + input: + csv=storage(EUROSTAT_HOUSEHOLD_BALANCES_DATASET["url"]), + output: + csv=f"{EUROSTAT_HOUSEHOLD_BALANCES_DATASET['folder']}/nrg_d_hhq.csv", + run: + copy2(input["csv"], output["csv"]) + + +if (NUTS3_POPULATION_DATASET := dataset_version("nuts3_population"))["source"] in [ + "primary", + "archive", +]: + + rule retrieve_nuts3_population: + input: + gz=storage(NUTS3_POPULATION_DATASET["url"]), + output: + gz=f"{NUTS3_POPULATION_DATASET['folder']}/nama_10r_3popgdp.tsv.gz", + retries: 2 + run: + copy2(input["gz"], output["gz"]) + + +if (CORINE_DATASET := dataset_version("corine"))["source"] in ["archive"]: + + rule retrieve_corine: + input: + zip_file=storage(CORINE_DATASET["url"]), + output: + zip_file=f"{CORINE_DATASET['folder']}/corine.zip", + tif_file=f"{CORINE_DATASET['folder']}/corine.tif", + run: + output_folder = Path(output["zip_file"]).parent + unpack_archive(input["zip_file"], output_folder) + copy2(input["zip_file"], output["zip_file"]) + copy2( + f"{output_folder}/corine/g250_clc06_V18_5.tif", output["tif_file"] + ) + +elif (CORINE_DATASET := dataset_version("corine"))["source"] in ["primary"]: + + rule retrieve_corine: + params: + apikey=os.environ.get("CORINE_API_TOKEN", config["secrets"]["corine"]), output: - expand("data/bundle/{file}", file=datafiles), + zip=f"{CORINE_DATASET['folder']}/corine.zip", + tif_file=f"{CORINE_DATASET['folder']}/corine.tif", log: - "logs/retrieve_databundle.log", - benchmark: - "benchmarks/retrieve_databundle" + logs("retrieve_corine_primary.log"), resources: mem_mb=1000, retries: 2 - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: - "../scripts/retrieve_databundle.py" + "../scripts/retrieve_corine_dataset_primary.py" + - rule retrieve_eurostat_data: +if (H2_SALT_CAVERNS_DATASET := dataset_version("h2_salt_caverns"))["source"] in [ + "archive" +]: + + rule retrieve_h2_salt_caverns: + input: + geojson=storage(H2_SALT_CAVERNS_DATASET["url"]), output: - directory("data/eurostat/Balances-April2023"), - log: - "logs/retrieve_eurostat_data.log", + geojson=f"{H2_SALT_CAVERNS_DATASET['folder']}/h2_salt_caverns_GWh_per_sqkm.geojson", retries: 2 - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" - script: - "../scripts/retrieve_eurostat_data.py" + run: + copy2(input["geojson"], output["geojson"]) - rule retrieve_jrc_idees: + +if (GDP_PER_CAPITA_DATASET := dataset_version("gdp_per_capita"))["source"] in [ + "archive" +]: + + rule retrieve_gdp_per_capita: + input: + gdp=storage(GDP_PER_CAPITA_DATASET["url"]), output: - directory("data/jrc-idees-2021"), - log: - "logs/retrieve_jrc_idees.log", + gdp=f"{GDP_PER_CAPITA_DATASET['folder']}/GDP_per_capita_PPP_1990_2015_v2.nc", retries: 2 - script: - "../scripts/retrieve_jrc_idees.py" + run: + copy2(input["gdp"], output["gdp"]) + - rule retrieve_eurostat_household_data: +if (POPULATION_COUNT_DATASET := dataset_version("population_count"))["source"] in [ + "archive", + "primary", +]: + + rule retrieve_population_count: + input: + tif=storage(POPULATION_COUNT_DATASET["url"]), output: - "data/eurostat/eurostat-household_energy_balances-february_2024.csv", - log: - "logs/retrieve_eurostat_household_data.log", + tif=f"{POPULATION_COUNT_DATASET['folder']}/ppp_2019_1km_Aggregated.tif", retries: 2 - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" - script: - "../scripts/retrieve_eurostat_household_data.py" + run: + copy2(input["tif"], output["tif"]) + + if POPULATION_COUNT_DATASET["source"] == "primary": + import xarray as xr + import rioxarray as rio + + file_path = output["tif"] + ds = xr.open_dataarray(file_path) + ds_reqd = ds.sel(x=slice(15.55, 40.41), y=slice(52.49, 41.72)) + ds_reqd.rio.to_raster(file_path) -if config["enable"]["retrieve"]: - rule retrieve_nuts_2013_shapes: +if (GHG_EMISSIONS_DATASET := dataset_version("ghg_emissions"))["source"] in [ + "archive", + "primary", +]: + + rule retrieve_ghg_emissions: input: - shapes=storage( - "https://gisco-services.ec.europa.eu/distribution/v2/nuts/download/ref-nuts-2013-03m.geojson.zip" + ghg=storage(GHG_EMISSIONS_DATASET["url"]), + output: + csv=f"{GHG_EMISSIONS_DATASET['folder']}/UNFCCC_v23.csv", + zip=( + f"{GHG_EMISSIONS_DATASET['folder']}/UNFCCC_v23.csv.zip" + if GHG_EMISSIONS_DATASET["source"] == "primary" + else [] + ), + directory=( + directory(GHG_EMISSIONS_DATASET["folder"]) + if GHG_EMISSIONS_DATASET["source"] == "primary" + else [] ), + retries: 2 + run: + if GHG_EMISSIONS_DATASET["source"] == "primary": + copy2(input["ghg"], output["zip"]) + unpack_archive(output["zip"], GHG_EMISSIONS_DATASET["folder"]) + else: + copy2(input["ghg"], output["csv"]) + + + +if (GEBCO_DATASET := dataset_version("gebco"))["source"] in ["archive", "primary"]: + + rule retrieve_gebco: + input: + storage(GEBCO_DATASET["url"]), output: - shapes_level_3="data/nuts/NUTS_RG_03M_2013_4326_LEVL_3.geojson", - shapes_level_2="data/nuts/NUTS_RG_03M_2013_4326_LEVL_2.geojson", - params: - zip_file="ref-nuts-2013-03m.geojson.zip", + gebco=f"{GEBCO_DATASET['folder']}/GEBCO_2014_2D.nc", + zip_file=( + f"{GEBCO_DATASET['folder']}/GEBCO_2014.zip" + if GEBCO_DATASET["source"] == "primary" + else [] + ), run: - # Copy file and ensure proper permissions - shcopy2(input.shapes, params.zip_file) + if GEBCO_DATASET["source"] == "primary": + import xarray as xr + + copy2(input[0], output["zip_file"]) - with ZipFile(params.zip_file, "r") as zip_ref: - for level in ["LEVL_3", "LEVL_2"]: - filename = f"NUTS_RG_03M_2013_4326_{level}.geojson" - zip_ref.extract(filename, Path(output.shapes_level_3).parent) - extracted_file = Path(output.shapes_level_3).parent / filename - extracted_file.rename( - getattr(output, f"shapes_level_{level[-1]}") - ) - os.remove(params.zip_file) + output_folder = Path(output["zip_file"]).parent + unpack_archive(output["zip_file"], output_folder) + # Limit extent to Europe to reduce file size + ds = xr.open_dataset(output["gebco"]) + ds = ds.sel(lat=slice(32, 73), lon=slice(-21, 45)) + ds.to_netcdf(output["gebco"]) + else: + copy2(input[0], output["gebco"]) -if config["enable"]["retrieve"]: - rule retrieve_nuts_2021_shapes: +if (ATTRIBUTED_PORTS_DATASET := dataset_version("attributed_ports"))["source"] in [ + "archive", + "primary", +]: + + rule retrieve_attributed_ports: input: - shapes=storage( - "https://gisco-services.ec.europa.eu/distribution/v2/nuts/download/ref-nuts-2021-01m.geojson.zip" - ), + json=storage(ATTRIBUTED_PORTS_DATASET["url"]), output: - shapes_level_3="data/nuts/NUTS_RG_01M_2021_4326_LEVL_3.geojson", - shapes_level_2="data/nuts/NUTS_RG_01M_2021_4326_LEVL_2.geojson", - shapes_level_1="data/nuts/NUTS_RG_01M_2021_4326_LEVL_1.geojson", - shapes_level_0="data/nuts/NUTS_RG_01M_2021_4326_LEVL_0.geojson", - params: - zip_file="ref-nuts-2021-01m.geojson.zip", + json=f"{ATTRIBUTED_PORTS_DATASET['folder']}/attributed_ports.json", + retries: 2 run: - # Copy file and ensure proper permissions - shcopy2(input.shapes, params.zip_file) + copy2(input["json"], output["json"]) - with ZipFile(params.zip_file, "r") as zip_ref: - for level in ["LEVL_3", "LEVL_2", "LEVL_1", "LEVL_0"]: - filename = f"NUTS_RG_01M_2021_4326_{level}.geojson" - zip_ref.extract(filename, Path(output.shapes_level_0).parent) - extracted_file = Path(output.shapes_level_0).parent / filename - extracted_file.rename( - getattr(output, f"shapes_level_{level[-1]}") - ) - os.remove(params.zip_file) +if (JRC_IDEES_DATASET := dataset_version("jrc_idees"))["source"] in [ + "primary", + "archive", +]: + + rule retrieve_jrc_idees: + input: + zip_file=storage(JRC_IDEES_DATASET["url"]), + output: + zip_file=f"{JRC_IDEES_DATASET['folder']}/jrc_idees.zip", + directory=directory(JRC_IDEES_DATASET["folder"]), + run: + copy2(input["zip_file"], output["zip_file"]) + output_folder = Path(output["zip_file"]).parent + unpack_archive(output["zip_file"], output_folder) -if config["enable"]["retrieve"]: +if (EU_NUTS2013_DATASET := dataset_version("eu_nuts2013"))["source"] in [ + "primary", + "archive", +]: - rule retrieve_bidding_zones: + rule retrieve_eu_nuts_2013: + input: + shapes=storage(EU_NUTS2013_DATASET["url"]), output: - file_entsoepy="data/busshapes/bidding_zones_entsoepy.geojson", - file_electricitymaps="data/busshapes/bidding_zones_electricitymaps.geojson", - log: - "logs/retrieve_bidding_zones.log", - resources: - mem_mb=1000, - retries: 2 - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" - script: - "../scripts/retrieve_bidding_zones.py" + zip_file=f"{EU_NUTS2013_DATASET['folder']}/ref-nuts-2013-03m.geojson.zip", + folder=directory( + f"{EU_NUTS2013_DATASET['folder']}/ref-nuts-2013-03m.geojson" + ), + shapes_level_3=f"{EU_NUTS2013_DATASET['folder']}/ref-nuts-2013-03m.geojson/NUTS_RG_03M_2013_4326_LEVL_3.geojson", + shapes_level_2=f"{EU_NUTS2013_DATASET['folder']}/ref-nuts-2013-03m.geojson/NUTS_RG_03M_2013_4326_LEVL_2.geojson", + run: + copy2(input["shapes"], output["zip_file"]) + unpack_archive(output["zip_file"], Path(output.shapes_level_3).parent) -if config["enable"]["retrieve"] and config["enable"].get("retrieve_cutout", True): +if (EU_NUTS2021_DATASET := dataset_version("eu_nuts2021"))["source"] in [ + "primary", + "archive", +]: - rule retrieve_cutout: + rule retrieve_eu_nuts_2021: input: - storage( - "https://zenodo.org/records/15349674/files/{cutout}.nc", + shapes=storage(EU_NUTS2021_DATASET["url"]), + output: + zip_file=f"{EU_NUTS2021_DATASET['folder']}/ref-nuts-2021-01m.geojson.zip", + folder=directory( + f"{EU_NUTS2021_DATASET['folder']}/ref-nuts-2021-01m.geojson" ), + shapes_level_3=f"{EU_NUTS2021_DATASET['folder']}/ref-nuts-2021-01m.geojson/NUTS_RG_01M_2021_4326_LEVL_3.geojson", + shapes_level_2=f"{EU_NUTS2021_DATASET['folder']}/ref-nuts-2021-01m.geojson/NUTS_RG_01M_2021_4326_LEVL_2.geojson", + shapes_level_1=f"{EU_NUTS2021_DATASET['folder']}/ref-nuts-2021-01m.geojson/NUTS_RG_01M_2021_4326_LEVL_1.geojson", + shapes_level_0=f"{EU_NUTS2021_DATASET['folder']}/ref-nuts-2021-01m.geojson/NUTS_RG_01M_2021_4326_LEVL_0.geojson", + run: + copy2(input["shapes"], output["zip_file"]) + unpack_archive(output["zip_file"], Path(output.shapes_level_3).parent) + + +rule retrieve_bidding_zones: + output: + file_entsoepy="data/busshapes/bidding_zones_entsoepy.geojson", + file_electricitymaps="data/busshapes/bidding_zones_electricitymaps.geojson", + log: + "logs/retrieve_bidding_zones.log", + resources: + mem_mb=1000, + retries: 2 + script: + "../scripts/retrieve_bidding_zones.py" + + +if (CUTOUT_DATASET := dataset_version("cutout"))["source"] in [ + "archive", +]: + + rule retrieve_cutout: + input: + storage(CUTOUT_DATASET["url"] + "/files/{cutout}.nc"), output: - CDIR.joinpath("{cutout}.nc").as_posix(), + CUTOUT_DATASET["folder"] + "/{cutout}.nc", log: - Path("logs").joinpath(CDIR, "retrieve_cutout_{cutout}.log").as_posix(), + "logs/retrieve_cutout/{cutout}.log", resources: mem_mb=5000, retries: 2 run: - move(input[0], output[0]) - validate_checksum(output[0], input[0]) + copy2(input[0], output[0]) -if config["enable"]["retrieve"]: +if (COUNTRY_RUNOFF_DATASET := dataset_version("country_runoff"))["source"] in [ + "archive" +]: - rule retrieve_tyndp_bundle: + rule retrieve_country_runoff: + input: + storage(COUNTRY_RUNOFF_DATASET["url"]), output: - reference_grid="data/tyndp_2024_bundle/Line data/ReferenceGrid_Electricity.xlsx", - buses="data/tyndp_2024_bundle/Nodes/LIST OF NODES.xlsx", - log: - "logs/retrieve_tyndp_bundle.log", - retries: 2 - script: - "../scripts/retrieve_tyndp_bundle.py" + era5_runoff=f"{COUNTRY_RUNOFF_DATASET["folder"]}/era5-runoff-per-country.csv", + run: + copy2(input[0], output[0]) -if config["enable"]["retrieve"] and config["enable"].get("retrieve_cost_data", True): +if (COUNTRY_HDD_DATASET := dataset_version("country_hdd"))["source"] in ["archive"]: - rule retrieve_cost_data: - params: - version=config_provider("costs", "version"), + rule retrieve_country_hdd: + input: + storage(COUNTRY_HDD_DATASET["url"]), output: - resources("costs_{year}.csv"), - log: - logs("retrieve_cost_data_{year}.log"), - resources: - mem_mb=1000, - retries: 2 - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" - script: - "../scripts/retrieve_cost_data.py" + era5_runoff=f"{COUNTRY_HDD_DATASET["folder"]}/era5-HDD-per-country.csv", + run: + copy2(input[0], output[0]) -if config["enable"]["retrieve"]: - datafiles = [ - "IGGIELGN_LNGs.geojson", - "IGGIELGN_BorderPoints.geojson", - "IGGIELGN_Productions.geojson", - "IGGIELGN_Storages.geojson", - "IGGIELGN_PipeSegments.geojson", - ] +if (COSTS_DATASET := dataset_version("costs"))["source"] in [ + "primary", +]: - rule retrieve_gas_infrastructure_data: + rule retrieve_cost_data: + input: + costs=storage(COSTS_DATASET["url"] + "/costs_{planning_horizons}.csv"), output: - expand("data/gas_network/scigrid-gas/data/{files}", files=datafiles), - log: - "logs/retrieve_gas_infrastructure_data.log", - retries: 2 - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" - script: - "../scripts/retrieve_gas_infrastructure_data.py" + costs=COSTS_DATASET["folder"] + "/costs_{planning_horizons}.csv", + run: + copy2(input["costs"], output["costs"]) -if config["enable"]["retrieve"]: +if (POWERPLANTS_DATASET := dataset_version("powerplants"))["source"] in [ + "primary", +]: - rule retrieve_electricity_demand: - params: - versions=["2019-06-05", "2020-10-06"], + rule retrieve_powerplants: + input: + powerplants=storage(POWERPLANTS_DATASET["url"]), output: - "data/electricity_demand_raw.csv", - log: - "logs/retrieve_electricity_demand.log", - resources: - mem_mb=5000, - retries: 2 - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" - script: - "../scripts/retrieve_electricity_demand.py" + powerplants=f"{POWERPLANTS_DATASET['folder']}/powerplants.csv", + run: + copy2(input["powerplants"], output["powerplants"]) -if config["enable"]["retrieve"]: +if (SCIGRID_GAS_DATASET := dataset_version("scigrid_gas"))["source"] in [ + "primary", + "archive", +]: + + rule retrieve_gas_infrastructure_data: + input: + zip_file=storage(SCIGRID_GAS_DATASET["url"]), + output: + zip_file=f"{SCIGRID_GAS_DATASET['folder']}/IGGIELGN.zip", + entry=f"{SCIGRID_GAS_DATASET['folder']}/data/IGGIELGN_BorderPoints.geojson", + storage=f"{SCIGRID_GAS_DATASET['folder']}/data/IGGIELGN_Storages.geojson", + gas_network=f"{SCIGRID_GAS_DATASET['folder']}/data/IGGIELGN_PipeSegments.geojson", + run: + copy2(input["zip_file"], output["zip_file"]) + output_folder = Path(output["zip_file"]).parent + unpack_archive(output["zip_file"], output_folder) + + +rule retrieve_electricity_demand: + params: + versions=["2019-06-05", "2020-10-06"], + output: + "data/electricity_demand_raw.csv", + log: + "logs/retrieve_electricity_demand.log", + resources: + mem_mb=5000, + retries: 2 + script: + "../scripts/retrieve_electricity_demand.py" + + +if ( + SYNTHETIC_ELECTRICITY_DEMAND_DATASET := dataset_version( + "synthetic_electricity_demand" + ) +)["source"] in [ + "primary", + "archive", +]: rule retrieve_synthetic_electricity_demand: input: - storage( - "https://zenodo.org/records/10820928/files/demand_hourly.csv", - ), + csv=storage(SYNTHETIC_ELECTRICITY_DEMAND_DATASET["url"]), output: - "data/load_synthetic_raw.csv", - log: - "logs/retrieve_synthetic_electricity_demand.log", - resources: - mem_mb=5000, + csv=f"{SYNTHETIC_ELECTRICITY_DEMAND_DATASET['folder']}/load_synthetic_raw.csv", retries: 2 run: - move(input[0], output[0]) + copy2(input["csv"], output["csv"]) -if config["enable"]["retrieve"]: +if (SHIP_RASTER_DATASET := dataset_version("ship_raster"))["source"] in [ + "archive", + "primary", +]: rule retrieve_ship_raster: input: - storage( - "https://zenodo.org/records/13757228/files/shipdensity_global.zip", - keep_local=True, - ), + zip_file=storage(SHIP_RASTER_DATASET["url"]), output: - "data/shipdensity_global.zip", + zip_file=f"{SHIP_RASTER_DATASET['folder']}/shipdensity_global.zip", log: "logs/retrieve_ship_raster.log", resources: mem_mb=5000, retries: 2 run: - move(input[0], output[0]) - validate_checksum(output[0], input[0]) + copy2(input["zip_file"], output["zip_file"]) -if config["enable"]["retrieve"]: +if (ENSPRESO_BIOMASS_DATASET := dataset_version("enspreso_biomass"))["source"] in [ + "primary", + "archive", +]: - rule retrieve_jrc_enspreso_biomass: + rule retrieve_enspreso_biomass: input: - storage( - "https://zenodo.org/records/10356004/files/ENSPRESO_BIOMASS.xlsx", - keep_local=True, - ), + xlsx=storage(ENSPRESO_BIOMASS_DATASET["url"]), output: - "data/ENSPRESO_BIOMASS.xlsx", + xlsx=f"{ENSPRESO_BIOMASS_DATASET['folder']}/ENSPRESO_BIOMASS.xlsx", retries: 1 run: - move(input[0], output[0]) + copy2(input["xlsx"], output["xlsx"]) -if config["enable"]["retrieve"]: +if (HOTMAPS_INDUSTRIAL_SITES := dataset_version("hotmaps_industrial_sites"))[ + "source" +] in [ + "primary", + "archive", +]: rule retrieve_hotmaps_industrial_sites: input: - storage( - "https://gitlab.com/hotmaps/industrial_sites/industrial_sites_Industrial_Database/-/raw/master/data/Industrial_Database.csv", - keep_local=True, - ), + csv=storage(HOTMAPS_INDUSTRIAL_SITES["url"]), output: - "data/Industrial_Database.csv", + csv=f"{HOTMAPS_INDUSTRIAL_SITES['folder']}/Industrial_Database.csv", retries: 1 run: - move(input[0], output[0]) + copy2(input["csv"], output["csv"]) -if config["enable"]["retrieve"]: +if (NITROGEN_STATISTICS_DATASET := dataset_version("nitrogen_statistics"))[ + "source" +] in [ + "primary", + "archive", +]: - rule retrieve_usgs_ammonia_production: + rule retrieve_nitrogen_statistics: input: - storage( - "https://d9-wret.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/assets/palladium/production/s3fs-public/media/files/myb1-2022-nitro-ert.xlsx" - ), + xlsx=storage(NITROGEN_STATISTICS_DATASET["url"]), output: - "data/myb1-2022-nitro-ert.xlsx", + xlsx=f"{NITROGEN_STATISTICS_DATASET['folder']}/nitro-ert.xlsx", retries: 1 run: - move(input[0], output[0]) + copy2(input["xlsx"], output["xlsx"]) -if config["enable"]["retrieve"]: +if (COPERNICUS_LAND_COVER_DATASET := dataset_version("copernicus_land_cover"))[ + "source" +] in ["primary", "archive"]: # Downloading Copernicus Global Land Cover for land cover and land use: # Website: https://land.copernicus.eu/global/products/lc rule download_copernicus_land_cover: input: - storage( - "https://zenodo.org/records/3939050/files/PROBAV_LC100_global_v3.0.1_2019-nrt_Discrete-Classification-map_EPSG-4326.tif", - ), + tif=storage(COPERNICUS_LAND_COVER_DATASET["url"]), output: - "data/Copernicus_LC100_global_v3.0.1_2019-nrt_Discrete-Classification-map_EPSG-4326.tif", + tif=f"{COPERNICUS_LAND_COVER_DATASET['folder']}/Copernicus_LC100_global_v3.0.1_2019-nrt_Discrete-Classification-map_EPSG-4326.tif", run: - move(input[0], output[0]) - validate_checksum(output[0], input[0]) + copy2(input["tif"], output["tif"]) -if config["enable"]["retrieve"]: +if (LUISA_LAND_COVER_DATASET := dataset_version("luisa_land_cover"))["source"] in [ + "primary", + "archive", +]: # Downloading LUISA Base Map for land cover and land use: # Website: https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/luisa rule retrieve_luisa_land_cover: input: - storage( - "https://jeodpp.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ftp/jrc-opendata/LUISA/EUROPE/Basemaps/LandUse/2018/LATEST/LUISA_basemap_020321_50m.tif", - ), + tif=storage(LUISA_LAND_COVER_DATASET["url"]), output: - "data/LUISA_basemap_020321_50m.tif", + tif=f"{LUISA_LAND_COVER_DATASET['folder']}/LUISA_basemap_020321_50m.tif", run: - move(input[0], output[0]) + copy2(input["tif"], output["tif"]) -if config["enable"]["retrieve"]: +if (EEZ_DATASET := dataset_version("eez"))["source"] in ["primary"]: rule retrieve_eez: - params: - zip_file="World_EEZ_v12_20231025_LR.zip", output: - gpkg="data/eez/World_EEZ_v12_20231025_LR/eez_v12_lowres.gpkg", + zip_file=f"{EEZ_DATASET['folder']}/World_EEZ_{EEZ_DATASET['version']}_LR.zip", + gpkg=f"{EEZ_DATASET['folder']}/World_EEZ_{EEZ_DATASET['version']}_LR/eez_{EEZ_DATASET['version'].split('_')[0]}_lowres.gpkg", run: from uuid import uuid4 @@ -371,8 +536,8 @@ if config["enable"]["retrieve"]: org = str(uuid4())[:8] response = requests.post( - "https://www.marineregions.org/download_file.php", - params={"name": "World_EEZ_v12_20231025_LR.zip"}, + f"{EEZ_DATASET['url']}", + params={"name": f"World_EEZ_{EEZ_DATASET['version']}_LR.zip"}, data={ "name": name, "organisation": org, @@ -384,139 +549,195 @@ if config["enable"]["retrieve"]: }, ) - with open(params["zip_file"], "wb") as f: + with open(output["zip_file"], "wb") as f: f.write(response.content) - output_folder = Path(output.gpkg).parent.parent - unpack_archive(params["zip_file"], output_folder) - os.remove(params["zip_file"]) - + output_folder = Path(output["zip_file"]).parent + unpack_archive(output["zip_file"], output_folder) -if config["enable"]["retrieve"]: +elif (EEZ_DATASET := dataset_version("eez"))["source"] in ["archive"]: - rule retrieve_worldbank_urban_population: - params: - zip_file="API_SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS_DS2_en_csv_v2.zip", + rule retrieve_eez: + input: + zip_file=storage( + EEZ_DATASET["url"], + ), output: - gpkg="data/worldbank/API_SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS_DS2_en_csv_v2.csv", + zip_file=f"{EEZ_DATASET['folder']}/World_EEZ_{EEZ_DATASET['version']}_LR.zip", + gpkg=f"{EEZ_DATASET['folder']}/World_EEZ_{EEZ_DATASET['version']}_LR/eez_{EEZ_DATASET['version'].split('_')[0]}_lowres.gpkg", run: - response = requests.get( - "https://api.worldbank.org/v2/en/indicator/SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS?downloadformat=csv", - ) + output_folder = Path(output["zip_file"]).parent + copy2(input["zip_file"], output["zip_file"]) + unpack_archive(output["zip_file"], output_folder) - with open(params["zip_file"], "wb") as f: - f.write(response.content) - output_folder = Path(output.gpkg).parent - unpack_archive(params["zip_file"], output_folder) - for f in os.listdir(output_folder): - if f.startswith( - "API_SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS_DS2_en_csv_v2_" - ) and f.endswith(".csv"): - os.rename(os.path.join(output_folder, f), output.gpkg) - break - os.remove(params["zip_file"]) +if (WB_URB_POP_DATASET := dataset_version("worldbank_urban_population"))["source"] in [ + "primary", + "archive", +]: + rule retrieve_worldbank_urban_population: + input: + zip=storage(WB_URB_POP_DATASET["url"]), + output: + zip=f"{WB_URB_POP_DATASET['folder']}/API_SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS_DS2_en_csv_v2.zip", + csv=f"{WB_URB_POP_DATASET['folder']}/API_SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS_DS2_en_csv_v2.csv", + run: + copy2(input["zip"], output["zip"]) + unpack_archive(output["zip"], WB_URB_POP_DATASET["folder"]) + + # Filename contains some added numbers when downloaded, + # remove them to have a consistent filename across versions + target_filename = Path(output["csv"]) + origin_filename = next( + Path(WB_URB_POP_DATASET["folder"]).rglob( + target_filename.stem + "*" + target_filename.suffix + ) + ) + origin_filename.rename(output.csv) -if config["enable"]["retrieve"]: +if (CO2STOP_DATASET := dataset_version("co2stop"))["source"] in [ + "primary", + "archive", +]: rule retrieve_co2stop: - params: - zip_file="co2jrc_openformats.zip", + input: + zip_file=storage(CO2STOP_DATASET["url"]), output: - "data/CO2JRC_OpenFormats/CO2Stop_DataInterrogationSystem/Hydrocarbon_Storage_Units.csv", - "data/CO2JRC_OpenFormats/CO2Stop_DataInterrogationSystem/Hydrocarbon_Traps.csv", - "data/CO2JRC_OpenFormats/CO2Stop_DataInterrogationSystem/Hydrocarbon_Traps_Temp.csv", - "data/CO2JRC_OpenFormats/CO2Stop_DataInterrogationSystem/Hydrocarbon_Traps1.csv", - "data/CO2JRC_OpenFormats/CO2Stop_Polygons Data/DaughterUnits_March13.kml", - "data/CO2JRC_OpenFormats/CO2Stop_Polygons Data/StorageUnits_March13.kml", + zip_file=f"{CO2STOP_DATASET['folder']}/co2jrc_openformats.zip", + storage_table=f"{CO2STOP_DATASET['folder']}/CO2JRC_OpenFormats/CO2Stop_DataInterrogationSystem/Hydrocarbon_Storage_Units.csv", + storage_map=f"{CO2STOP_DATASET['folder']}/CO2JRC_OpenFormats/CO2Stop_Polygons Data/StorageUnits_March13.kml", + traps_table1=f"{CO2STOP_DATASET['folder']}/CO2JRC_OpenFormats/CO2Stop_DataInterrogationSystem/Hydrocarbon_Traps.csv", + traps_table2=f"{CO2STOP_DATASET['folder']}/CO2JRC_OpenFormats/CO2Stop_DataInterrogationSystem/Hydrocarbon_Traps_Temp.csv", + traps_table3=f"{CO2STOP_DATASET['folder']}/CO2JRC_OpenFormats/CO2Stop_DataInterrogationSystem/Hydrocarbon_Traps1.csv", + traps_map=f"{CO2STOP_DATASET['folder']}/CO2JRC_OpenFormats/CO2Stop_Polygons Data/DaughterUnits_March13.kml", run: - response = requests.get( - "https://setis.ec.europa.eu/document/download/786a884f-0b33-4789-b744-28004b16bd1a_en?filename=co2jrc_openformats.zip", - ) - with open(params["zip_file"], "wb") as f: - f.write(response.content) - output_folder = Path(output[0]).parent.parent.parent - unpack_archive(params["zip_file"], output_folder) - os.remove(params["zip_file"]) - + output_folder = Path(output["zip_file"]).parent + output_folder.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True) + copy2(input["zip_file"], output["zip_file"]) + unpack_archive(output["zip_file"], output_folder) -if config["enable"]["retrieve"]: +if (GEM_EUROPE_GAS_TRACKER_DATASET := dataset_version("gem_europe_gas_tracker"))[ + "source" +] in [ + "primary", + "archive", +]: rule retrieve_gem_europe_gas_tracker: + input: + xlsx=storage(GEM_EUROPE_GAS_TRACKER_DATASET["url"]), output: - "data/gem/Europe-Gas-Tracker-2024-05.xlsx", + xlsx="data/gem/Europe-Gas-Tracker-2024-05.xlsx", run: - # mirror of https://globalenergymonitor.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Europe-Gas-Tracker-2024-05.xlsx - url = "https://tubcloud.tu-berlin.de/s/LMBJQCsN6Ez5cN2/download/Europe-Gas-Tracker-2024-05.xlsx" - response = requests.get(url) - with open(output[0], "wb") as f: - f.write(response.content) + copy2(input["xlsx"], output["xlsx"]) - -if config["enable"]["retrieve"]: +if (GEM_GSPT_DATASET := dataset_version("gem_gspt"))["source"] in [ + "primary", + "archive", +]: rule retrieve_gem_steel_plant_tracker: + input: + xlsx=storage(GEM_GSPT_DATASET["url"]), output: - "data/gem/Global-Steel-Plant-Tracker-April-2024-Standard-Copy-V1.xlsx", + xlsx=f"{GEM_GSPT_DATASET['folder']}/Global-Steel-Plant-Tracker.xlsx", run: - # mirror or https://globalenergymonitor.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Global-Steel-Plant-Tracker-April-2024-Standard-Copy-V1.xlsx - url = "https://tubcloud.tu-berlin.de/s/Aqebo3rrQZWKGsG/download/Global-Steel-Plant-Tracker-April-2024-Standard-Copy-V1.xlsx" - response = requests.get(url) - with open(output[0], "wb") as f: - f.write(response.content) - - + copy2(input["xlsx"], output["xlsx"]) -if config["enable"]["retrieve"]: - # Some logic to find the correct file URL - # Sometimes files are released delayed or ahead of schedule, check which file is currently available - def check_file_exists(url): - response = requests.head(url) - return response.status_code == 200 +if (BFS_ROAD_VEHICLE_STOCK_DATASET := dataset_version("bfs_road_vehicle_stock"))[ + "source" +] in [ + "primary", + "archive", +]: - # Basic pattern where WDPA files can be found - url_pattern = ( - "https://d1gam3xoknrgr2.cloudfront.net/current/WDPA_{bYYYY}_Public_shp.zip" - ) + rule retrieve_bfs_road_vehicle_stock: + input: + csv=storage(BFS_ROAD_VEHICLE_STOCK_DATASET["url"]), + output: + csv=f"{BFS_ROAD_VEHICLE_STOCK_DATASET['folder']}/vehicle_stock.csv", + run: + copy2(input["csv"], output["csv"]) - # 3-letter month + 4 digit year for current/previous/next month to test - current_monthyear = datetime.now().strftime("%b%Y") - prev_monthyear = (datetime.now() - timedelta(30)).strftime("%b%Y") - next_monthyear = (datetime.now() + timedelta(30)).strftime("%b%Y") - # Test prioritised: current month -> previous -> next - for bYYYY in [current_monthyear, prev_monthyear, next_monthyear]: - if check_file_exists(url := url_pattern.format(bYYYY=bYYYY)): - break - else: - # If None of the three URLs are working - url = False +if (BFS_GDP_AND_POPULATION_DATASET := dataset_version("bfs_gdp_and_population"))[ + "source" +] in [ + "primary", + "archive", +]: - assert ( - url - ), f"No WDPA files found at {url_pattern} for bY='{current_monthyear}, {prev_monthyear}, or {next_monthyear}'" + rule retrieve_bfs_gdp_and_population: + input: + xlsx=storage(BFS_GDP_AND_POPULATION_DATASET["url"]), + output: + xlsx=f"{BFS_GDP_AND_POPULATION_DATASET['folder']}/gdp_and_population.xlsx", + run: + copy2(input["xlsx"], output["xlsx"]) + + +def get_wdpa_url(DATASET) -> str: + """ + Find the right URL for the WDPA / WDPA marine dataset based on the source type. + """ + if DATASET["source"] == "archive": + return DATASET["url"] + elif DATASET["source"] == "primary": + # Some logic to find the correct file URL from the WDPA website (primary source) + # Sometimes files are released delayed or ahead of schedule, check which file is currently available + def check_file_exists(url): + response = requests.head(url) + return response.status_code == 200 + + # Basic pattern where WDPA files can be found + url_pattern = DATASET["url"] + + # 3-letter month + 4 digit year for current/previous/next/pprevious/nnext months to test + # order reflects priority of testing + months = [ + datetime.now(), # current + (datetime.now() + relativedelta(months=-1)), # previous month + (datetime.now() + relativedelta(months=+1)), # next month + (datetime.now() + relativedelta(months=-2)), # two months ago + (datetime.now() + relativedelta(months=+2)), # two months ahead + ] + months = [m.strftime("%b%Y") for m in months] + + # Test prioritised: current month -> previous -> next + for bYYYY in months: + url = url_pattern.format(bYYYY=bYYYY) + if check_file_exists(url): + return url + + raise ValueError( + f"No {DATASET.dataset} files found at {url_pattern} for bY={months}." + ) + + +if (WDPA_DATASET := dataset_version("wdpa"))["source"] in [ + "primary", + "archive", +]: # Downloading protected area database from WDPA # extract the main zip and then merge the contained 3 zipped shapefiles # Website: https://www.protectedplanet.net/en/thematic-areas/wdpa - rule download_wdpa: + rule retrieve_wdpa: input: - zip_file=storage(url, keep_local=True), - params: - zip_file="WDPA_shp.zip", - folder_name="WDPA", + zip_file=storage(get_wdpa_url(WDPA_DATASET)), output: - gpkg="data/WDPA.gpkg", + zip_file=f"{WDPA_DATASET['folder']}/WDPA_shp.zip", + gpkg=f"{WDPA_DATASET['folder']}/WDPA.gpkg", run: - # Copy file and ensure proper permissions - shcopy2(input.zip_file, params.zip_file) - output_folder = Path(output.gpkg).parent / params.folder_name - unpack_archive(params.zip_file, output_folder) + output_folder = Path(output["zip_file"]).parent + copy2(input["zip_file"], output["zip_file"]) + unpack_archive(output["zip_file"], output_folder) for i in range(3): # vsizip is special driver for directly working with zipped shapefiles in ogr2ogr @@ -525,275 +746,419 @@ if config["enable"]["retrieve"]: ) print(f"Adding layer {i+1} of 3 to combined output file.") shell("ogr2ogr -f gpkg -update -append {output.gpkg} {layer_path}") - os.remove(params.zip_file) - rule download_wdpa_marine: + + +if (WDPA_MARINE_DATASET := dataset_version("wdpa_marine"))["source"] in [ + "primary", + "archive", +]: + + rule retrieve_wdpa_marine: # Downloading Marine protected area database from WDPA # extract the main zip and then merge the contained 3 zipped shapefiles # Website: https://www.protectedplanet.net/en/thematic-areas/marine-protected-areas input: - zip_file=storage( - f"https://d1gam3xoknrgr2.cloudfront.net/current/WDPA_WDOECM_{bYYYY}_Public_marine_shp.zip", - keep_local=True, - ), - params: - zip_file="WDPA_WDOECM_marine.zip", - folder_name="WDPA_WDOECM_marine", + zip_file=storage(get_wdpa_url(WDPA_MARINE_DATASET)), output: - gpkg="data/WDPA_WDOECM_marine.gpkg", + zip_file=f"{WDPA_MARINE_DATASET['folder']}/WDPA_WDOECM_marine.zip", + gpkg=f"{WDPA_MARINE_DATASET['folder']}/WDPA_WDOECM_marine.gpkg", run: - shcopy2(input.zip_file, params.zip_file) - output_folder = Path(output.gpkg).parent / params.folder_name - unpack_archive(params.zip_file, output_folder) + output_folder = Path(output["zip_file"]).parent + copy2(input["zip_file"], output["zip_file"]) + unpack_archive(output["zip_file"], output_folder) for i in range(3): # vsizip is special driver for directly working with zipped shapefiles in ogr2ogr layer_path = f"/vsizip/{output_folder}/WDPA_WDOECM_{bYYYY}_Public_marine_shp_{i}.zip" print(f"Adding layer {i+1} of 3 to combined output file.") shell("ogr2ogr -f gpkg -update -append {output.gpkg} {layer_path}") - os.remove(params.zip_file) - -if config["enable"]["retrieve"]: - rule retrieve_monthly_co2_prices: +# Versioning not implemented as the dataset is used only for validation +# License - (c) EEX AG, all rights reserved. Personal copy for non-commercial use permitted +rule retrieve_monthly_co2_prices: + input: + storage( + "https://public.eex-group.com/eex/eua-auction-report/emission-spot-primary-market-auction-report-2019-data.xls", + ), + output: + "data/validation/emission-spot-primary-market-auction-report-2019-data.xls", + log: + "logs/retrieve_monthly_co2_prices.log", + resources: + mem_mb=5000, + retries: 2 + run: + copy2(input[0], output[0]) + + +# Versioning not implemented as the dataset is used only for validation +# License - custom; no restrictions on use and redistribution, attribution required +rule retrieve_monthly_fuel_prices: + output: + "data/validation/energy-price-trends-xlsx-5619002.xlsx", + log: + "logs/retrieve_monthly_fuel_prices.log", + resources: + mem_mb=5000, + retries: 2 + script: + "../scripts/retrieve_monthly_fuel_prices.py" + + +if (TYDNP_DATASET := dataset_version("tyndp"))["source"] in ["primary", "archive"]: + + rule retrieve_tyndp: input: - storage( - "https://public.eex-group.com/eex/eua-auction-report/emission-spot-primary-market-auction-report-2019-data.xls", - keep_local=True, - ), + line_data=storage(TYDNP_DATASET["url"] + "/Line-data.zip"), + nodes=storage(TYDNP_DATASET["url"] + "/Nodes.zip"), output: - "data/validation/emission-spot-primary-market-auction-report-2019-data.xls", + line_data_zip=f"{TYDNP_DATASET['folder']}/Line-data.zip", + nodes_zip=f"{TYDNP_DATASET['folder']}/Nodes.zip", + reference_grid=f"{TYDNP_DATASET['folder']}/Line data/ReferenceGrid_Electricity.xlsx", + nodes=f"{TYDNP_DATASET['folder']}/Nodes/LIST OF NODES.xlsx", log: - "logs/retrieve_monthly_co2_prices.log", - resources: - mem_mb=5000, - retries: 2 + "logs/retrieve_tyndp.log", run: - move(input[0], output[0]) + for key in input.keys(): + # Keep zip file + copy2(input[key], output[f"{key}_zip"]) + # unzip + output_folder = Path(output[f"{key}_zip"]).parent + unpack_archive(output[f"{key}_zip"], output_folder) + + # Remove __MACOSX directory if it exists + macosx_dir = output_folder / "__MACOSX" + rmtree(macosx_dir, ignore_errors=True) -if config["enable"]["retrieve"]: - rule retrieve_monthly_fuel_prices: - output: - "data/validation/energy-price-trends-xlsx-5619002.xlsx", - log: - "logs/retrieve_monthly_fuel_prices.log", - resources: - mem_mb=5000, - retries: 2 - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" - script: - "../scripts/retrieve_monthly_fuel_prices.py" +if OSM_DATASET["source"] in ["archive"]: -if config["enable"]["retrieve"] and ( - config["electricity"]["base_network"] == "osm-prebuilt" -): - OSM_VERSION = config["electricity"]["osm-prebuilt-version"] - OSM_FILES = [ + OSM_ARCHIVE_FILES = [ "buses.csv", "converters.csv", "lines.csv", "links.csv", "transformers.csv", + # Newer versions include the additional map.html file for visualisation + *(["map.html"] if float(OSM_DATASET["version"]) >= 0.6 else []), ] - if OSM_VERSION >= 0.6: - OSM_FILES.append("map.html") - OSM_ZENODO_IDS = { - 0.1: "12799202", - 0.2: "13342577", - 0.3: "13358976", - 0.4: "13759222", - 0.5: "13981528", - 0.6: "14144752", - } - - # update rule to use the correct version - rule retrieve_osm_prebuilt: + + rule retrieve_osm_archive: input: **{ - file: storage( - f"https://zenodo.org/records/{OSM_ZENODO_IDS[OSM_VERSION]}/files/{file}" - ) - for file in OSM_FILES + file: storage(f"{OSM_DATASET['url']}/files/{file}") + for file in OSM_ARCHIVE_FILES }, output: - **{file: f"data/osm-prebuilt/{OSM_VERSION}/{file}" for file in OSM_FILES}, + **{file: f"{OSM_DATASET['folder']}/{file}" for file in OSM_ARCHIVE_FILES}, log: - "logs/retrieve_osm_prebuilt.log", + "logs/retrieve_osm_archive.log", threads: 1 resources: mem_mb=500, run: for key in input.keys(): - move(input[key], output[key]) - validate_checksum(output[key], input[key]) + copy2(input[key], output[key]) +elif OSM_DATASET["source"] == "build": -if config["enable"]["retrieve"] and ( - config["electricity"]["base_network"] == "osm-raw" -): + OSM_RAW_JSON = [ + "cables_way.json", + "lines_way.json", + "routes_relation.json", + "substations_way.json", + "substations_relation.json", + ] - rule retrieve_osm_data: + rule retrieve_osm_data_raw: + params: + overpass_api=config_provider("overpass_api"), output: - cables_way="data/osm-raw/{country}/cables_way.json", - lines_way="data/osm-raw/{country}/lines_way.json", - routes_relation="data/osm-raw/{country}/routes_relation.json", - substations_way="data/osm-raw/{country}/substations_way.json", - substations_relation="data/osm-raw/{country}/substations_relation.json", + **{ + file.replace( + ".json", "" + ): f"{OSM_DATASET['folder']}/{{country}}/{file}" + for file in OSM_RAW_JSON + }, log: "logs/retrieve_osm_data_{country}.log", threads: 1 - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/retrieve_osm_data.py" - -if config["enable"]["retrieve"] and ( - config["electricity"]["base_network"] == "osm-raw" -): - - rule retrieve_osm_data_all: + rule retrieve_osm_data_raw_all: input: expand( - "data/osm-raw/{country}/cables_way.json", - country=config_provider("countries"), - ), - expand( - "data/osm-raw/{country}/lines_way.json", - country=config_provider("countries"), - ), - expand( - "data/osm-raw/{country}/routes_relation.json", - country=config_provider("countries"), - ), - expand( - "data/osm-raw/{country}/substations_way.json", - country=config_provider("countries"), - ), - expand( - "data/osm-raw/{country}/substations_relation.json", + f"{OSM_DATASET['folder']}/{{country}}/{{file}}", country=config_provider("countries"), + file=OSM_RAW_JSON, ), -if config["enable"]["retrieve"]: +if (NATURA_DATASET := dataset_version("natura"))["source"] in ["archive"]: + + rule retrieve_natura: + input: + storage(NATURA_DATASET["url"]), + output: + f"{NATURA_DATASET["folder"]}/natura.tiff", + log: + "logs/retrieve_natura.log", + run: + copy2(input[0], output[0]) + +elif NATURA_DATASET["source"] == "build": + + rule build_natura_raster: + input: + online=storage(NATURA_DATASET["url"]), + cutout=lambda w: input_cutout(w), + output: + zip=f"{NATURA_DATASET["folder"]}/raw/natura.zip", + raw=directory(f"{NATURA_DATASET["folder"]}/raw"), + raster=f"{NATURA_DATASET["folder"]}/natura.tiff", + resources: + mem_mb=5000, + log: + "logs/build_natura.log", + script: + "../scripts/build_natura.py" + + +if (OSM_BOUNDARIES_DATASET := dataset_version("osm_boundaries"))["source"] in [ + "primary" +]: rule retrieve_osm_boundaries: output: - json="data/osm-boundaries/json/{country}_adm1.json", + json=f"{OSM_BOUNDARIES_DATASET["folder"]}/{country}_adm1.json", log: "logs/retrieve_osm_boundaries_{country}_adm1.log", threads: 1 - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/retrieve_osm_boundaries.py" +elif (OSM_BOUNDARIES_DATASET := dataset_version("osm_boundaries"))["source"] in [ + "archive" +]: + + rule retrieve_osm_boundaries: + input: + storage( + f"{OSM_BOUNDARIES_DATASET['url']}", + ), + output: + json1=f"{OSM_BOUNDARIES_DATASET['folder']}/XK_adm1.json", + json2=f"{OSM_BOUNDARIES_DATASET['folder']}/UA_adm1.json", + json3=f"{OSM_BOUNDARIES_DATASET['folder']}/MD_adm1.json", + json4=f"{OSM_BOUNDARIES_DATASET['folder']}/BA_adm1.json", + zip_file=f"{OSM_BOUNDARIES_DATASET['folder']}/osm_boundaries.zip", + run: + output_folder = Path(output["zip_file"]).parent + copy2(input[0], output["zip_file"]) + unpack_archive(output["zip_file"], output_folder) + + +if ( + GEOTHERMAL_HEAT_UTILISATION_POTENTIALS_DATASET := dataset_version( + "geothermal_heat_utilisation_potentials" + ) +)["source"] in ["primary", "archive"]: + rule retrieve_geothermal_heat_utilisation_potentials: input: isi_heat_potentials=storage( - "https://fordatis.fraunhofer.de/bitstream/fordatis/341.5/11/Results_DH_Matching_Cluster.xlsx", - keep_local=True, + GEOTHERMAL_HEAT_UTILISATION_POTENTIALS_DATASET["url"] ), output: - "data/isi_heat_utilisation_potentials.xlsx", + isi_heat_potentials=f"{GEOTHERMAL_HEAT_UTILISATION_POTENTIALS_DATASET['folder']}/isi_heat_utilisation_potentials.xlsx", log: "logs/retrieve_geothermal_heat_utilisation_potentials.log", threads: 1 retries: 2 run: - move(input[0], output[0]) + copy2(input["isi_heat_potentials"], output["isi_heat_potentials"]) + + +if (LAU_REGIONS_DATASET := dataset_version("lau_regions"))["source"] in [ + "primary", + "archive", +]: rule retrieve_lau_regions: input: - lau_regions=storage( - "https://gisco-services.ec.europa.eu/distribution/v2/lau/download/ref-lau-2019-01m.geojson.zip", - keep_local=True, - ), + lau_regions=storage(LAU_REGIONS_DATASET["url"]), output: - lau_regions="data/lau_regions.zip", - log: - "logs/retrieve_lau_regions.log", + zip=f"{LAU_REGIONS_DATASET['folder']}/lau_regions.zip", log: "logs/retrieve_lau_regions.log", threads: 1 retries: 2 run: - move(input[0], output[0]) + copy2(input["lau_regions"], output["zip"]) + + rule retrieve_seawater_temperature: + params: + default_cutout=config_provider("atlite", "default_cutout"), + output: + seawater_temperature="data/seawater_temperature_{year}.nc", + log: + "logs/retrieve_seawater_temperature_{year}.log", + resources: + mem_mb=10000, + script: + "../scripts/retrieve_seawater_temperature.py" + + rule retrieve_hera_data_test_cutout: + input: + hera_data_url=storage( + f"https://zenodo.org/records/15828866/files/hera_be_2013-03-01_to_2013-03-08.zip" + ), + output: + river_discharge=f"data/hera_be_2013-03-01_to_2013-03-08/river_discharge_be_2013-03-01_to_2013-03-08.nc", + ambient_temperature=f"data/hera_be_2013-03-01_to_2013-03-08/ambient_temp_be_2013-03-01_to_2013-03-08.nc", + params: + folder="data", + log: + "logs/retrieve_hera_data_test_cutout.log", + resources: + mem_mb=10000, + retries: 2 + run: + unpack_archive(input[0], params.folder) + + rule retrieve_hera_data: + input: + river_discharge=storage( + "https://jeodpp.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ftp/jrc-opendata/CEMS-EFAS/HERA/VER1-0/Data/NetCDF/river_discharge/dis.HERA{year}.nc" + ), + ambient_temperature=storage( + "https://jeodpp.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ftp/jrc-opendata/CEMS-EFAS/HERA/VER1-0/Data/NetCDF/climate_inputs/ta6/ta6_{year}.nc" + ), + output: + river_discharge="data/hera_{year}/river_discharge_{year}.nc", + ambient_temperature="data/hera_{year}/ambient_temp_{year}.nc", + params: + snapshot_year="{year}", + log: + "logs/retrieve_hera_data_{year}.log", + resources: + mem_mb=10000, + retries: 2 + run: + move(input.river_discharge, output.river_discharge) + move(input.ambient_temperature, output.ambient_temperature) -if config["enable"]["retrieve"]: +if (JRC_ARDECO_DATASET := dataset_version("jrc_ardeco"))["source"] in [ + "primary", +]: rule retrieve_jrc_ardeco: + input: + ardeco_gdp=storage( + f"{JRC_ARDECO_DATASET['url']}/SUVGDP?versions=2021&unit=EUR&format=csv-table" + ), + ardeco_pop=storage( + f"{JRC_ARDECO_DATASET['url']}/SNPTD?versions=2021&unit=EUR&format=csv-table" + ), output: - ardeco_gdp="data/jrc-ardeco/ARDECO-SUVGDP.2021.table.csv", - ardeco_pop="data/jrc-ardeco/ARDECO-SNPTD.2021.table.csv", + ardeco_gdp=f"{JRC_ARDECO_DATASET['folder']}/ARDECO-SUVGDP.2021.table.csv", + ardeco_pop=f"{JRC_ARDECO_DATASET['folder']}/ARDECO-SNPTD.2021.table.csv", run: - urls = { - "ardeco_gdp": "https://territorial.ec.europa.eu/ardeco-api-v2/rest/export/SUVGDP?versions=2021&unit=EUR&level_id=0&level_id=1&level_id=2&level_id=3&format=csv-table", - "ardeco_pop": "https://territorial.ec.europa.eu/ardeco-api-v2/rest/export/SNPTD?versions=2021&unit=NR&level_id=0&level_id=1&level_id=2&level_id=3&format=csv-table", - } + for key in input.keys(): + copy2(input[key], output[key]) - for key, url in urls.items(): - response = requests.get(url) - output_path = output[key] if key in urls else None - if output_path: - with open(output_path, "wb") as f: - f.write(response.content) +elif (JRC_ARDECO_DATASET := dataset_version("jrc_ardeco"))["source"] in ["archive"]: + + rule retrieve_jrc_ardeco: + input: + ardeco_gdp=storage( + f"{JRC_ARDECO_DATASET['url']}/ARDECO-SUVGDP.2021.table.csv" + ), + ardeco_pop=storage( + f"{JRC_ARDECO_DATASET['url']}/ARDECO-SNPTD.2021.table.csv" + ), + output: + ardeco_gdp=f"{JRC_ARDECO_DATASET['folder']}/ARDECO-SUVGDP.2021.table.csv", + ardeco_pop=f"{JRC_ARDECO_DATASET['folder']}/ARDECO-SNPTD.2021.table.csv", + run: + for key in input.keys(): + copy2(input[key], output[key]) -if config["enable"]["retrieve"]: + +if (AQUIFER_DATA_DATASET := dataset_version("aquifer_data"))["source"] in [ + "primary", + "archive", +]: rule retrieve_aquifer_data_bgr: input: - zip_file=storage( - "https://download.bgr.de/bgr/grundwasser/IHME1500/v12/shp/IHME1500_v12.zip" - ), + zip_file=storage(AQUIFER_DATA_DATASET["url"]), output: - aquifer_shapes_shp="data/bgr/ihme1500_aquif_ec4060_v12_poly.shp", - aquifer_shapes_shx="data/bgr/ihme1500_aquif_ec4060_v12_poly.shx", - aquifer_shapes_dbf="data/bgr/ihme1500_aquif_ec4060_v12_poly.dbf", - aquifer_shapes_cpg="data/bgr/ihme1500_aquif_ec4060_v12_poly.cpg", - aquifer_shapes_prj="data/bgr/ihme1500_aquif_ec4060_v12_poly.prj", - aquifer_shapes_sbn="data/bgr/ihme1500_aquif_ec4060_v12_poly.sbn", - aquifer_shapes_sbx="data/bgr/ihme1500_aquif_ec4060_v12_poly.sbx", - params: - filename_shp="IHME1500_v12/shp/ihme1500_aquif_ec4060_v12_poly.shp", - filename_shx="IHME1500_v12/shp/ihme1500_aquif_ec4060_v12_poly.shx", - filename_dbf="IHME1500_v12/shp/ihme1500_aquif_ec4060_v12_poly.dbf", - filename_cpg="IHME1500_v12/shp/ihme1500_aquif_ec4060_v12_poly.cpg", - filename_prj="IHME1500_v12/shp/ihme1500_aquif_ec4060_v12_poly.prj", - filename_sbn="IHME1500_v12/shp/ihme1500_aquif_ec4060_v12_poly.sbn", - filename_sbx="IHME1500_v12/shp/ihme1500_aquif_ec4060_v12_poly.sbx", - run: - with ZipFile(input.zip_file, "r") as zip_ref: - for fn, outpt in zip( - params, - output, - ): - zip_ref.extract(fn, Path(outpt).parent) - extracted_file = Path(outpt).parent / fn - extracted_file.rename(outpt) + zip_file=f"{AQUIFER_DATA_DATASET['folder']}/ihme1500_aquif_ec4060_v12_poly.zip", + aquifer_shapes=expand( + f"{AQUIFER_DATA_DATASET['folder']}/IHME1500_v12/shp/ihme1500_aquif_ec4060_v12_poly.{{ext}}", + ext=[ + "shp", + "shx", + "dbf", + "cpg", + "prj", + "sbn", + "sbx", + ], + ), + run: + copy2(input["zip_file"], output["zip_file"]) + unpack_archive( + output["zip_file"], + AQUIFER_DATA_DATASET["folder"], + ) + + +if (DH_AREAS_DATASET := dataset_version("dh_areas"))["source"] in [ + "primary", + "archive", +]: rule retrieve_dh_areas: input: - dh_areas=storage( - "https://fordatis.fraunhofer.de/bitstream/fordatis/341.5/2/dh_areas.gpkg", - keep_local=True, - ), + dh_areas=storage(DH_AREAS_DATASET["url"]), output: - dh_areas="data/dh_areas.gpkg", + dh_areas=f"{DH_AREAS_DATASET['folder']}/dh_areas.gpkg", log: "logs/retrieve_dh_areas.log", + run: + copy2(input["dh_areas"], output["dh_areas"]) + + +if (MOBILITY_PROFILES_DATASET := dataset_version("mobility_profiles"))["source"] in [ + "archive" +]: + + rule retrieve_mobility_profiles: + input: + kfz=storage(MOBILITY_PROFILES_DATASET["url"] + "/kfz.csv"), + pkw=storage(MOBILITY_PROFILES_DATASET["url"] + "/pkw.csv"), + output: + kfz=f"{MOBILITY_PROFILES_DATASET["folder"]}/kfz.csv", + pkw=f"{MOBILITY_PROFILES_DATASET["folder"]}/pkw.csv", threads: 1 - retries: 2 + resources: + mem_mb=1000, + log: + "logs/retrieve_mobility_profiles.log", + benchmark: + "benchmarks/retrieve_mobility_profiles" run: - move(input[0], output[0]) + copy2(input["kfz"], output["kfz"]) + copy2(input["pkw"], output["pkw"]) diff --git a/rules/solve_electricity.smk b/rules/solve_electricity.smk index 9d08eed04..e94db1e90 100644 --- a/rules/solve_electricity.smk +++ b/rules/solve_electricity.smk @@ -30,8 +30,6 @@ rule solve_network: runtime=config_provider("solving", "runtime", default="6h"), shadow: shadow_config - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/solve_network.py" @@ -64,7 +62,5 @@ rule solve_operations_network: runtime=config_provider("solving", "runtime", default="6h"), shadow: shadow_config - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/solve_operations_network.py" diff --git a/rules/solve_myopic.smk b/rules/solve_myopic.smk index 212f3d9ae..0a3823f5d 100644 --- a/rules/solve_myopic.smk +++ b/rules/solve_myopic.smk @@ -26,13 +26,8 @@ rule add_existing_baseyear: ) ), powerplants=resources("powerplants_s_{clusters}.csv"), - busmap_s=resources("busmap_base_s.csv"), - busmap=resources("busmap_base_s_{clusters}.csv"), - clustered_pop_layout=resources("pop_layout_base_s_{clusters}.csv"), costs=lambda w: resources( - "costs_{}.csv".format( - config_provider("scenario", "planning_horizons", 0)(w) - ) + f"costs_{config_provider("scenario", "planning_horizons",0)(w)}_processed.csv" ), cop_profiles=resources("cop_profiles_base_s_{clusters}_{planning_horizons}.nc"), existing_heating_distribution=lambda w: ( @@ -66,8 +61,6 @@ rule add_existing_baseyear: benchmarks( "add_existing_baseyear/base_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}" ) - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/add_existing_baseyear.py" @@ -109,8 +102,6 @@ rule add_brownfield: ) ), network_p=solved_previous_horizon, #solved network at previous time step - costs=resources("costs_{planning_horizons}.csv"), - cop_profiles=resources("cop_profiles_base_s_{clusters}_{planning_horizons}.nc"), output: resources( "networks/base_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}_brownfield.nc" @@ -126,8 +117,6 @@ rule add_brownfield: benchmarks( "add_brownfield/base_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}" ) - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/add_brownfield.py" @@ -173,7 +162,5 @@ rule solve_sector_network_myopic: RESULTS + "benchmarks/solve_sector_network/base_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}" ) - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/solve_network.py" diff --git a/rules/solve_overnight.smk b/rules/solve_overnight.smk index 5b78bc725..8a4830e0c 100644 --- a/rules/solve_overnight.smk +++ b/rules/solve_overnight.smk @@ -38,7 +38,5 @@ rule solve_sector_network: RESULTS + "benchmarks/solve_sector_network/base_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}" ) - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/solve_network.py" diff --git a/rules/solve_perfect.smk b/rules/solve_perfect.smk index 8dc461e93..f0b7202aa 100644 --- a/rules/solve_perfect.smk +++ b/rules/solve_perfect.smk @@ -19,9 +19,7 @@ rule add_existing_baseyear: busmap=resources("busmap_base_s_{clusters}.csv"), clustered_pop_layout=resources("pop_layout_base_s_{clusters}.csv"), costs=lambda w: resources( - "costs_{}.csv".format( - config_provider("scenario", "planning_horizons", 0)(w) - ) + f"costs_{config_provider("scenario", "planning_horizons",0)(w)}_processed.csv" ), cop_profiles=resources("cop_profiles_base_s_{clusters}_{planning_horizons}.nc"), existing_heating_distribution=resources( @@ -48,8 +46,6 @@ rule add_existing_baseyear: benchmarks( "add_existing_baseyear/base_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}" ) - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/add_existing_baseyear.py" @@ -85,8 +81,6 @@ rule prepare_perfect_foresight: logs("prepare_perfect_foresight_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}.log"), benchmark: benchmarks("prepare_perfect_foresight_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}") - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/prepare_perfect_foresight.py" @@ -105,7 +99,7 @@ rule solve_sector_network_perfect: network=resources( "networks/base_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_brownfield_all_years.nc" ), - costs=resources("costs_2030.csv"), + costs=resources("costs_2030_processed.csv"), output: network=RESULTS + "networks/base_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_brownfield_all_years.nc", @@ -128,8 +122,6 @@ rule solve_sector_network_perfect: RESULTS + "benchmarks/solve_sector_network/base_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_brownfield_all_years}" ) - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/solve_network.py" @@ -147,7 +139,7 @@ def input_networks_make_summary_perfect(w): rule make_summary_perfect: input: unpack(input_networks_make_summary_perfect), - costs=resources("costs_2020.csv"), + costs=resources("costs_2020_processed.csv"), output: nodal_capacities=RESULTS + "csvs/nodal_capacities.csv", costs=RESULTS + "csvs/costs.csv", @@ -169,7 +161,5 @@ rule make_summary_perfect: logs("make_summary_perfect.log"), benchmark: benchmarks("make_summary_perfect") - conda: - "../envs/environment.yaml" script: "../scripts/make_summary_perfect.py" diff --git a/scripts/_helpers.py b/scripts/_helpers.py index 4fae083a2..61cfd7b08 100644 --- a/scripts/_helpers.py +++ b/scripts/_helpers.py @@ -4,15 +4,14 @@ import contextlib import copy -import hashlib import logging import os import re import time +from collections.abc import Callable from functools import partial, wraps from pathlib import Path from tempfile import NamedTemporaryFile -from typing import Callable, Union import atlite import fiona @@ -417,29 +416,30 @@ def aggregate_costs(n, flatten=False, opts=None, existing_only=False): def progress_retrieve(url, file, disable=False): headers = {"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64)"} - # Hotfix - Bug, tqdm not working with disable=False - disable = True - if disable: - response = requests.get(url, headers=headers, stream=True) + Path(file).parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True) + + # Raise HTTPError for transient errors + # 429: Too Many Requests (rate limiting) + # 500, 502, 503, 504: Server errors + response = requests.get(url, headers=headers, stream=True) + if response.status_code in (429, 500, 502, 503, 504): + response.raise_for_status() + total_size = int(response.headers.get("content-length", 0)) + chunk_size = 1024 + + with tqdm( + total=total_size, + unit="B", + unit_scale=True, + unit_divisor=1024, + desc=str(file), + disable=disable, + ) as t: with open(file, "wb") as f: - f.write(response.content) - else: - response = requests.get(url, headers=headers, stream=True) - total_size = int(response.headers.get("content-length", 0)) - chunk_size = 1024 - - with tqdm( - total=total_size, - unit="B", - unit_scale=True, - unit_divisor=1024, - desc=str(file), - ) as t: - with open(file, "wb") as f: - for data in response.iter_content(chunk_size=chunk_size): - f.write(data) - t.update(len(data)) + for data in response.iter_content(chunk_size=chunk_size): + f.write(data) + t.update(len(data)) def retry(func: Callable) -> Callable: @@ -720,7 +720,7 @@ def update_config_from_wildcards(config, w, inplace=True): for o in opts: if o.startswith("lv") or o.startswith("lc"): - config["electricity"]["transmission_expansion"] = o[1:] + config["electricity"]["transmission_limit"] = o[1:] break if w.get("sector_opts"): @@ -842,66 +842,6 @@ def update_config_from_wildcards(config, w, inplace=True): return config -def get_checksum_from_zenodo(file_url): - parts = file_url.split("/") - record_id = parts[parts.index("records") + 1] - filename = parts[-1] - - response = requests.get(f"https://zenodo.org/api/records/{record_id}", timeout=30) - response.raise_for_status() - data = response.json() - - for file in data["files"]: - if file["key"] == filename: - return file["checksum"] - return None - - -def validate_checksum(file_path, zenodo_url=None, checksum=None): - """ - Validate file checksum against provided or Zenodo-retrieved checksum. - Calculates the hash of a file using 64KB chunks. Compares it against a - given checksum or one from a Zenodo URL. - - Parameters - ---------- - file_path : str - Path to the file for checksum validation. - zenodo_url : str, optional - URL of the file on Zenodo to fetch the checksum. - checksum : str, optional - Checksum (format 'hash_type:checksum_value') for validation. - - Raises - ------ - AssertionError - If the checksum does not match, or if neither `checksum` nor `zenodo_url` is provided. - - - Examples - -------- - >>> validate_checksum("/path/to/file", checksum="md5:abc123...") - >>> validate_checksum( - ... "/path/to/file", - ... zenodo_url="https://zenodo.org/records/12345/files/example.txt", - ... ) - - If the checksum is invalid, an AssertionError will be raised. - """ - assert checksum or zenodo_url, "Either checksum or zenodo_url must be provided" - if zenodo_url: - checksum = get_checksum_from_zenodo(zenodo_url) - hash_type, checksum = checksum.split(":") - hasher = hashlib.new(hash_type) - with open(file_path, "rb") as f: - for chunk in iter(lambda: f.read(65536), b""): # 64kb chunks - hasher.update(chunk) - calculated_checksum = hasher.hexdigest() - assert calculated_checksum == checksum, ( - "Checksum is invalid. This may be due to an incomplete download. Delete the file and re-execute the rule." - ) - - def get_snapshots( snapshots: dict, drop_leap_day: bool = False, freq: str = "h", **kwargs ) -> pd.DatetimeIndex: @@ -1058,7 +998,7 @@ def rename_techs(label: str) -> str: def load_cutout( - cutout_files: Union[str, list[str]], time: Union[None, pd.DatetimeIndex] = None + cutout_files: str | list[str], time: None | pd.DatetimeIndex = None ) -> atlite.Cutout: """ Load and optionally combine multiple cutout files. @@ -1087,3 +1027,21 @@ def load_cutout( cutout.data = cutout.data.sel(time=time) return cutout + + +def load_costs(cost_file: str) -> pd.DataFrame: + """ + Load prepared cost data from CSV. + + Parameters + ---------- + cost_file : str + Path to the CSV file containing cost data + + Returns + ------- + costs : pd.DataFrame + DataFrame containing the prepared cost data + """ + + return pd.read_csv(cost_file, index_col=0) diff --git a/scripts/add_electricity.py b/scripts/add_electricity.py index ded35e8ac..1d35f136e 100755 --- a/scripts/add_electricity.py +++ b/scripts/add_electricity.py @@ -64,6 +64,7 @@ PYPSA_V1, configure_logging, get_snapshots, + load_costs, rename_techs, set_scenario_config, update_p_nom_max, @@ -216,124 +217,6 @@ def add_co2_emissions(n, costs, carriers): ].values -def load_costs( - cost_file: str, config: dict, max_hours: dict = None, nyears: float = 1.0 -) -> pd.DataFrame: - """ - Load cost data from CSV and prepare it. - - Parameters - ---------- - cost_file : str - Path to the CSV file containing cost data - config : dict - Dictionary containing cost-related configuration parameters - max_hours : dict, optional - Dictionary specifying maximum hours for storage technologies - nyears : float, optional - Number of years for investment, by default 1.0 - - Returns - ------- - costs : pd.DataFrame - DataFrame containing the processed cost data - """ - # Copy marginal_cost and capital_cost for backward compatibility - for key in ("marginal_cost", "capital_cost"): - if key in config: - config["overwrites"][key] = config[key] - - # set all asset costs and other parameters - costs = pd.read_csv(cost_file, index_col=[0, 1]).sort_index() - - # correct units to MW and EUR - costs.loc[costs.unit.str.contains("/kW"), "value"] *= 1e3 - costs.loc[costs.unit.str.contains("/GW"), "value"] /= 1e3 - - costs.unit = costs.unit.str.replace("/kW", "/MW") - costs.unit = costs.unit.str.replace("/GW", "/MW") - - # min_count=1 is important to generate NaNs which are then filled by fillna - costs = costs.value.unstack(level=1).groupby("technology").sum(min_count=1) - costs = costs.fillna(config["fill_values"]) - - # Process overwrites for various attributes - for attr in ( - "investment", - "lifetime", - "FOM", - "VOM", - "efficiency", - "fuel", - "standing losses", - ): - overwrites = config["overwrites"].get(attr) - if overwrites is not None: - overwrites = pd.Series(overwrites) - costs.loc[overwrites.index, attr] = overwrites - logger.info(f"Overwriting {attr} with:\n{overwrites}") - - annuity_factor = calculate_annuity(costs["lifetime"], costs["discount rate"]) - annuity_factor_fom = annuity_factor + costs["FOM"] / 100.0 - costs["capital_cost"] = annuity_factor_fom * costs["investment"] * nyears - - costs.at["OCGT", "fuel"] = costs.at["gas", "fuel"] - costs.at["CCGT", "fuel"] = costs.at["gas", "fuel"] - - costs["marginal_cost"] = costs["VOM"] + costs["fuel"] / costs["efficiency"] - - costs.at["OCGT", "CO2 intensity"] = costs.at["gas", "CO2 intensity"] - costs.at["CCGT", "CO2 intensity"] = costs.at["gas", "CO2 intensity"] - - costs.at["solar", "capital_cost"] = costs.at["solar-utility", "capital_cost"] - costs.at["solar", "investment"] = costs.at["solar-utility", "investment"] - - costs = costs.rename({"solar-utility single-axis tracking": "solar-hsat"}) - - costs = costs.rename(columns={"standing losses": "standing_losses"}) - - # Calculate storage costs if max_hours is provided - if max_hours is not None: - - def costs_for_storage(store, link1, link2=None, max_hours=1.0): - capital_cost = link1["capital_cost"] + max_hours * store["capital_cost"] - overnight_cost = link1["investment"] + max_hours * store["investment"] - if link2 is not None: - capital_cost += link2["capital_cost"] - overnight_cost += link2["investment"] - return pd.Series( - { - "capital_cost": capital_cost, - "overnight_cost": overnight_cost, - "marginal_cost": 0.0, - "CO2 intensity": 0.0, - "standing_losses": 0.0, - } - ) - - costs.loc["battery"] = costs_for_storage( - costs.loc["battery storage"], - costs.loc["battery inverter"], - max_hours=max_hours["battery"], - ) - costs.loc["H2"] = costs_for_storage( - costs.loc["hydrogen storage underground"], - costs.loc["fuel cell"], - costs.loc["electrolysis"], - max_hours=max_hours["H2"], - ) - - for attr in ("marginal_cost", "capital_cost", "overnight_cost"): - overwrites = config["overwrites"].get(attr) - if overwrites is not None: - overwrites = pd.Series(overwrites) - idx = overwrites.index.intersection(costs.index) - costs.loc[idx, attr] = overwrites.loc[idx] - logger.info(f"Overwriting {attr} with:\n{overwrites}") - - return costs - - def load_and_aggregate_powerplants( ppl_fn: str, costs: pd.DataFrame, @@ -1228,14 +1111,7 @@ def attach_stores( time = get_snapshots(snakemake.params.snapshots, snakemake.params.drop_leap_day) n.set_snapshots(time) - Nyears = n.snapshot_weightings.objective.sum() / 8760.0 - - costs = load_costs( - snakemake.input.tech_costs, - params.costs, - max_hours, - Nyears, - ) + costs = load_costs(snakemake.input.costs) ppl = load_and_aggregate_powerplants( snakemake.input.powerplants, diff --git a/scripts/add_existing_baseyear.py b/scripts/add_existing_baseyear.py index c32f6fb55..0c25fed5b 100644 --- a/scripts/add_existing_baseyear.py +++ b/scripts/add_existing_baseyear.py @@ -19,11 +19,12 @@ from scripts._helpers import ( configure_logging, + load_costs, sanitize_custom_columns, set_scenario_config, update_config_from_wildcards, ) -from scripts.add_electricity import load_costs, sanitize_carriers +from scripts.add_electricity import sanitize_carriers from scripts.build_energy_totals import cartesian from scripts.build_powerplants import add_custom_powerplants from scripts.definitions.heat_system import HeatSystem @@ -155,10 +156,13 @@ def add_power_capacities_installed_before_baseyear( grouping_years: list[int], baseyear: int, powerplants_file: str, + custom_powerplants_file: str, countries: list[str], capacity_threshold: float, lifetime_values: dict[str, float], + lifetime_gas_chp: int, renewable_carriers: list[str], + options: dict, ) -> None: """ Add power generation capacities installed before base year. @@ -175,23 +179,25 @@ def add_power_capacities_installed_before_baseyear( Base year for analysis powerplants_file : str Path to powerplants CSV file + custom_powerplants_file : str + Path to custom powerplants CSV file countries : list List of countries to consider capacity_threshold : float Minimum capacity threshold lifetime_values : dict Default values for missing data - renewable_carriers: list + lifetime_gas_chp: int, + Lifetime for gas CHPs if missing + renewable_carriers: list[str] List of renewable carriers in the network + options: dict, """ logger.debug(f"Adding power capacities installed before {baseyear}") df_agg = pd.read_csv(powerplants_file, index_col=0) - - if snakemake.input.get("custom_powerplants"): - df_agg = add_custom_powerplants( - df_agg, snakemake.input.custom_powerplants, True - ) + if custom_powerplants_file: + df_agg = add_custom_powerplants(df_agg, custom_powerplants_file, True) rename_fuel = { "Hard Coal": "coal", @@ -257,7 +263,18 @@ def add_power_capacities_installed_before_baseyear( ) # add chp plants - add_chp_plants(n, grouping_years, costs, baseyear) + add_chp_plants( + n, + grouping_years, + costs, + baseyear, + powerplants_file, + custom_powerplants_file, + lifetime_values, + lifetime_gas_chp, + capacity_threshold, + options, + ) # drop assets which are already phased out / decommissioned phased_out = df_agg[df_agg["DateOut"] < baseyear].index @@ -483,7 +500,18 @@ def add_power_capacities_installed_before_baseyear( ] -def add_chp_plants(n, grouping_years, costs, baseyear): +def add_chp_plants( + n, + grouping_years, + costs, + baseyear, + powerplants_file, + custom_powerplants_file, + lifetime_values, + lifetime_gas_chp, + capacity_threshold, + options, +): # rename fuel of CHPs - lignite not in DEA database rename_fuel = { "Hard Coal": "coal", @@ -494,13 +522,13 @@ def add_chp_plants(n, grouping_years, costs, baseyear): "Oil": "oil", } - ppl = pd.read_csv(snakemake.input.powerplants, index_col=0) + ppl = pd.read_csv(powerplants_file, index_col=0) - if snakemake.input.get("custom_powerplants"): - if snakemake.input.custom_powerplants.endswith("german_chp_{clusters}.csv"): + if custom_powerplants_file: + if custom_powerplants_file.endswith("german_chp_{clusters}.csv"): logger.info("Supersedeing default German CHPs with custom_powerplants.") ppl = ppl.query("~(Set == 'CHP' and Country == 'DE')") - ppl = add_custom_powerplants(ppl, snakemake.input.custom_powerplants, True) + ppl = add_custom_powerplants(ppl, custom_powerplants_file, True) # drop assets which are already phased out / decommissioned # drop hydro, waste and oil fueltypes for CHP @@ -518,11 +546,11 @@ def add_chp_plants(n, grouping_years, costs, baseyear): grouping_years, np.digitize(chp.DateIn, grouping_years, right=True) ) chp["lifetime"] = (chp.DateOut - chp["grouping_year"] + 1).fillna( - snakemake.params.costs["fill_values"]["lifetime"] + lifetime_values["lifetime"] ) chp.loc[chp.Fueltype == "gas", "lifetime"] = ( chp.DateOut - chp["grouping_year"] + 1 - ).fillna(snakemake.params.existing_capacities["fill_value_gas_chp_lifetime"]) + ).fillna(lifetime_gas_chp) chp = chp.loc[ chp.grouping_year + chp.lifetime > baseyear @@ -610,7 +638,7 @@ def add_chp_plants(n, grouping_years, costs, baseyear): for grouping_year, generator in mastr_chp_p_nom.index: # capacity is the capacity in MW at each node for this p_nom = mastr_chp_p_nom.loc[grouping_year, generator] - threshold = snakemake.params.existing_capacities["threshold_capacity"] + threshold = capacity_threshold p_nom = p_nom[p_nom > threshold] efficiency_power = mastr_chp_efficiency_power.loc[grouping_year, generator] @@ -700,7 +728,7 @@ def add_chp_plants(n, grouping_years, costs, baseyear): ) for grouping_year, generator in chp_nodal_p_nom.index: p_nom = chp_nodal_p_nom.loc[grouping_year, generator] - threshold = snakemake.params.existing_capacities["threshold_capacity"] + threshold = capacity_threshold p_nom = p_nom[p_nom > threshold] lifetime = chp_nodal_lifetime.loc[grouping_year, generator] @@ -897,11 +925,8 @@ def add_heating_capacities_installed_before_baseyear( not heat_system == HeatSystem.URBAN_CENTRAL ) and use_electricity_distribution_grid: nodes_elec = nodes + " low voltage" - nodes_biomass = nodes else: nodes_elec = nodes.str.split().str[:2].str.join(" ") - nodes_biomass = nodes_elec - too_large_grouping_years = [ gy for gy in grouping_years if gy >= int(baseyear) ] @@ -955,19 +980,18 @@ def add_heating_capacities_installed_before_baseyear( "Link", nodes, suffix=f" {heat_system} {heat_source} heat pump-{grouping_year}", - bus0=nodes_elec, - bus1=nodes + " " + heat_system.value + " heat", + bus0=nodes + " " + heat_system.value + " heat", + bus1=nodes_elec, carrier=f"{heat_system} {heat_source} heat pump", - efficiency=efficiency, - capital_cost=costs.at[costs_name, "efficiency"] - * costs.at[costs_name, "capital_cost"], - overnight_cost=costs.at[costs_name, "efficiency"] - * costs.at[costs_name, "investment"], + efficiency=1 / efficiency.clip(lower=0.001), + capital_cost=costs.at[costs_name, "capital_cost"], + overnight_cost=costs.at[costs_name, "investment"], p_nom=existing_capacities.loc[ nodes, (heat_system.value, f"{heat_source} heat pump") ] - * ratio - / costs.at[costs_name, "efficiency"], + * ratio, + p_max_pu=0, + p_min_pu=-1 * efficiency / efficiency.clip(lower=0.001), build_year=int(grouping_year), lifetime=costs.at[costs_name, "lifetime"], ) @@ -1061,30 +1085,41 @@ def add_heating_capacities_installed_before_baseyear( f"{heat_system.central_or_decentral} gas boiler", "lifetime" ], ) - # add biomass boilers - n.add( - "Link", - nodes, - suffix=f" {heat_system} biomass boiler-{grouping_year}", - bus0=spatial.biomass.df.loc[nodes_biomass, "nodes"].values, - bus1=nodes + " " + heat_system.value + " heat", - carrier=heat_system.value + " biomass boiler", - efficiency=costs.at["biomass boiler", "efficiency"], - capital_cost=costs.at["biomass boiler", "efficiency"] - * costs.at["biomass boiler", "capital_cost"], - overnight_cost=costs.at["biomass boiler", "efficiency"] - * costs.at["biomass boiler", "investment"], - p_nom=( - existing_capacities.loc[ - nodes, (heat_system.value, "biomass boiler") - ] - * ratio - / costs.at["biomass boiler", "efficiency"] - ), - build_year=int(grouping_year), - lifetime=costs.at["biomass boiler", "lifetime"], + + efficiency = get_efficiency( + heat_system, "biomass", nodes, heating_efficiencies, costs ) + # prevents redundant addition of urban central biomass boiler which tends to crash + if ( + existing_capacities.loc[ + nodes, (heat_system.value, "biomass boiler") + ].sum() + > 0 + ): + n.add( + "Link", + nodes, + suffix=f" {heat_system} biomass boiler-{grouping_year}", + bus0=spatial.biomass.nodes, + bus1=nodes + " " + heat_system.value + " heat", + carrier=heat_system.value + " biomass boiler", + efficiency=efficiency, + capital_cost=efficiency + * costs.at["biomass boiler", "capital_cost"], + overnight_cost=efficiency + * costs.at["biomass boiler", "investment"], + p_nom=( + existing_capacities.loc[ + nodes, (heat_system.value, "biomass boiler") + ] + * ratio + / efficiency + ), + build_year=int(grouping_year), + lifetime=costs.at["biomass boiler", "lifetime"], + ) + # delete links with p_nom=nan corresponding to extra nodes in country n.remove( "Link", @@ -1138,12 +1173,7 @@ def add_heating_capacities_installed_before_baseyear( spatial = define_spatial(n.buses[n.buses.carrier == "AC"].index, options) add_build_year_to_new_assets(n, baseyear) - Nyears = n.snapshot_weightings.generators.sum() / 8760.0 - costs = load_costs( - snakemake.input.costs, - snakemake.params.costs, - nyears=Nyears, - ) + costs = load_costs(snakemake.input.costs) grouping_years_power = snakemake.params.existing_capacities["grouping_years_power"] grouping_years_heat = snakemake.params.existing_capacities["grouping_years_heat"] @@ -1153,10 +1183,15 @@ def add_heating_capacities_installed_before_baseyear( grouping_years=grouping_years_power, baseyear=baseyear, powerplants_file=snakemake.input.powerplants, + custom_powerplants_file=snakemake.input.get("custom_powerplants", ""), countries=snakemake.config["countries"], capacity_threshold=snakemake.params.existing_capacities["threshold_capacity"], lifetime_values=snakemake.params.costs["fill_values"], + lifetime_gas_chp=snakemake.params.existing_capacities[ + "fill_value_gas_chp_lifetime" + ], renewable_carriers=renewable_carriers, + options=options, ) if options["heating"]: diff --git a/scripts/base_network.py b/scripts/base_network.py index 54a0aab4c..30f0983d2 100644 --- a/scripts/base_network.py +++ b/scripts/base_network.py @@ -674,19 +674,19 @@ def base_network( config, ): base_network = config["electricity"].get("base_network") - osm_prebuilt_version = config["electricity"].get("osm-prebuilt-version") - assert base_network in {"entsoegridkit", "osm-raw", "osm-prebuilt", "tyndp"}, ( - f"base_network must be either 'entsoegridkit', 'osm-raw', 'osm-prebuilt' or 'tyndp', but got '{base_network}'" + osm_version = config["data"]["osm"]["version"] + assert base_network in {"entsoegridkit", "osm", "tyndp"}, ( + f"base_network must be either 'entsoegridkit', 'osm' or 'tyndp', but got '{base_network}'" ) if base_network == "entsoegridkit": warnings.warn( - "The 'entsoegridkit' base network is deprecated and will be removed in future versions. Please use 'osm-raw' or 'osm-prebuilt' instead.", + "The 'entsoegridkit' base network is deprecated and will be removed in future versions. Please use 'osm' instead.", DeprecationWarning, ) logger_str = ( f"Creating base network using {base_network}" - + (f" v{osm_prebuilt_version}" if base_network == "osm-prebuilt" else "") + + (f" v{osm_version}" if base_network == "osm" else "") + "." ) logger.info(logger_str) @@ -708,7 +708,7 @@ def base_network( # Set electrical parameters of lines and links lines = _set_electrical_parameters_lines_eg(lines, config) links = _set_electrical_parameters_links_eg(links, config, links_p_nom) - elif base_network in {"osm-prebuilt", "osm-raw", "tyndp"}: + elif base_network in {"osm", "tyndp"}: links = _load_links_from_raw(buses, links) converters = _load_converters_from_raw(buses, converters) @@ -717,7 +717,7 @@ def base_network( links = _set_electrical_parameters_links_raw(links, config) else: raise ValueError( - "base_network must be either 'entsoegridkit', 'osm-raw', 'osm-prebuilt', or 'tyndp'" + "base_network must be either 'entsoegridkit', 'osm', or 'tyndp'" ) # Set electrical parameters of transformers and converters @@ -727,7 +727,7 @@ def base_network( n = pypsa.Network() n.name = ( f"PyPSA-Eur ({base_network}" - + (f" v{osm_prebuilt_version}" if base_network == "osm-prebuilt" else "") + + (f" v{osm_version}" if base_network == "osm" else "") + ")" ) diff --git a/scripts/build_ambient_air_temperature_yearly_average.py b/scripts/build_ambient_air_temperature_yearly_average.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0f29113d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/scripts/build_ambient_air_temperature_yearly_average.py @@ -0,0 +1,105 @@ +# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Contributors to PyPSA-Eur +# +# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT + +""" +Build yearly average ambient air temperature raster data. + +This script processes the ambient air temperature from the cutout data and calculates +the yearly average for each grid cell. It only keeps temperatures within onshore regions +and stores them as a unary region with coordinates longitude, latitude, and name. +""" + +import logging + +import geopandas as gpd +import numpy as np +import shapely +import shapely.vectorized as sv +import xarray as xr +from _helpers import configure_logging, set_scenario_config + +LATITUDE = "latitude" +LONGITUDE = "longitude" + +logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) + + +def get_data_in_geometry( + data: xr.DataArray, + geometry: shapely.geometry.polygon.Polygon, +) -> xr.DataArray: + """ + Get the mask for the geometry border. + + Args: + data (xr.DataArray): The data array. + geometry: The geometry. + + Returns: + xr.DataArray: The mask. + """ + + # Extract coordinate values from ds (note: coordinate names match those in ds) + lon2d, lat2d = np.meshgrid(data[LONGITUDE], data[LATITUDE]) + # Create a boolean mask for grid points within the border buffer. + mask = sv.contains(geometry, lon2d, lat2d) + + # Convert to an xarray DataArray with matching dims and coords. + mask_da = xr.DataArray( + mask, + dims=[LATITUDE, LONGITUDE], + coords={ + LATITUDE: data[LATITUDE].values, + LONGITUDE: data[LONGITUDE].values, + }, + ) + + return data.where(mask_da) + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + if "snakemake" not in globals(): + from _helpers import mock_snakemake + + snakemake = mock_snakemake( + "build_ambient_air_temperature_yearly_average", + clusters="48", + ) + + configure_logging(snakemake) + set_scenario_config(snakemake) + + ambient_temperature = xr.open_mfdataset(snakemake.input.cutout).temperature - 273.15 + + # Load onshore regions + regions_onshore = gpd.read_file(snakemake.input.regions_onshore) + regions_onshore.set_index("name", inplace=True) + + # Calculate yearly average temperature for each grid cell + # and rename the coordinates to match the expected format + average_temperature_in_cutout = ambient_temperature.mean(dim="time").rename( + {"y": LATITUDE, "x": LONGITUDE} + ) + + # Get data in unary region + average_temperature_in_all_onshore_regions = get_data_in_geometry( + average_temperature_in_cutout, regions_onshore.geometry.union_all() + ) + + # add onshore_region as additional coordinate + average_temperature_by_region = xr.concat( + [ + get_data_in_geometry( + data=average_temperature_in_all_onshore_regions, + geometry=regions_onshore.loc[region_name].geometry, + ) + for region_name in regions_onshore.index + ], + dim=regions_onshore.index, + ) + + # Save the result + average_temperature_by_region.to_netcdf( + snakemake.output.average_ambient_air_temperature + ) diff --git a/scripts/build_biomass_potentials.py b/scripts/build_biomass_potentials.py index eeb54ae6d..a5373d10a 100755 --- a/scripts/build_biomass_potentials.py +++ b/scripts/build_biomass_potentials.py @@ -67,9 +67,6 @@ def build_nuts_population_data(year=2013): index_col=1, )[str(year)] - # only countries - pop.drop("EU28", inplace=True) - # mapping from Cantons to NUTS3 cantons = pd.read_csv(snakemake.input.swiss_cantons) cantons = cantons.set_index(cantons.HASC.str[3:]).NUTS diff --git a/scripts/build_co2_sequestration_potentials.py b/scripts/build_co2_sequestration_potentials.py index a8334dc29..238839b3e 100644 --- a/scripts/build_co2_sequestration_potentials.py +++ b/scripts/build_co2_sequestration_potentials.py @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ database_en>`_. """ -from typing import Any, Union +from typing import Any import geopandas as gpd import numpy as np @@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ def convert_to_2d( - geom: Union[sg.base.BaseGeometry, Any], -) -> Union[sg.base.BaseGeometry, Any]: + geom: sg.base.BaseGeometry | Any, +) -> sg.base.BaseGeometry | Any: """ Remove the third dimension (z-coordinate) from a shapely geometry object. diff --git a/scripts/build_cop_profiles/BaseCopApproximator.py b/scripts/build_cop_profiles/base_cop_approximator.py similarity index 74% rename from scripts/build_cop_profiles/BaseCopApproximator.py rename to scripts/build_cop_profiles/base_cop_approximator.py index c3b93d26f..95436403f 100644 --- a/scripts/build_cop_profiles/BaseCopApproximator.py +++ b/scripts/build_cop_profiles/base_cop_approximator.py @@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ # SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT from abc import ABC, abstractmethod -from typing import Union import numpy as np import xarray as xr @@ -35,8 +34,8 @@ class BaseCopApproximator(ABC): def __init__( self, - sink_outlet_temperature_celsius: Union[xr.DataArray, np.array], - source_inlet_temperature_celsius: Union[xr.DataArray, np.array], + sink_outlet_temperature_celsius: xr.DataArray | np.ndarray, + source_inlet_temperature_celsius: xr.DataArray | np.ndarray, ): """ Initialize CopApproximator. @@ -50,8 +49,27 @@ def __init__( """ pass + @property + def cop(self) -> xr.DataArray | np.ndarray: + """ + Calculate the coefficient of performance (COP) for the system. + + Returns + ------- + Union[xr.DataArray, np.array]: The calculated COP values. + """ + ret_val = self._approximate_cop() + + if isinstance(ret_val, xr.DataArray): + # Use xarray's where method for DataArray + ret_val = ret_val.where(ret_val >= 1, 0) + else: + # Use NumPy indexing for ndarray + ret_val[ret_val < 1] = 0 + return ret_val + @abstractmethod - def approximate_cop(self) -> Union[xr.DataArray, np.array]: + def _approximate_cop(self) -> xr.DataArray | np.ndarray: """ Approximate heat pump coefficient of performance (COP). @@ -64,8 +82,8 @@ def approximate_cop(self) -> Union[xr.DataArray, np.array]: @staticmethod def celsius_to_kelvin( - t_celsius: Union[float, xr.DataArray, np.array], - ) -> Union[float, xr.DataArray, np.array]: + t_celsius: float | xr.DataArray | np.ndarray, + ) -> float | xr.DataArray | np.ndarray: """ Convert temperature from Celsius to Kelvin. @@ -87,9 +105,9 @@ def celsius_to_kelvin( @staticmethod def logarithmic_mean( - t_hot: Union[float, xr.DataArray, np.ndarray], - t_cold: Union[float, xr.DataArray, np.ndarray], - ) -> Union[float, xr.DataArray, np.ndarray]: + t_hot: float | xr.DataArray | np.ndarray, + t_cold: float | xr.DataArray | np.ndarray, + ) -> float | xr.DataArray | np.ndarray: """ Calculate the logarithmic mean temperature difference. diff --git a/scripts/build_cop_profiles/CentralHeatingCopApproximator.py b/scripts/build_cop_profiles/central_heating_cop_approximator.py similarity index 92% rename from scripts/build_cop_profiles/CentralHeatingCopApproximator.py rename to scripts/build_cop_profiles/central_heating_cop_approximator.py index d19ab0147..1c060b7f1 100644 --- a/scripts/build_cop_profiles/CentralHeatingCopApproximator.py +++ b/scripts/build_cop_profiles/central_heating_cop_approximator.py @@ -3,12 +3,10 @@ # SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT -from typing import Union - import numpy as np import xarray as xr -from scripts.build_cop_profiles.BaseCopApproximator import BaseCopApproximator +from scripts.build_cop_profiles.base_cop_approximator import BaseCopApproximator class CentralHeatingCopApproximator(BaseCopApproximator): @@ -110,10 +108,10 @@ class CentralHeatingCopApproximator(BaseCopApproximator): def __init__( self, - sink_outlet_temperature_celsius: Union[xr.DataArray, np.array], - source_inlet_temperature_celsius: Union[xr.DataArray, np.array], - sink_inlet_temperature_celsius: Union[xr.DataArray, np.array], - source_outlet_temperature_celsius: Union[xr.DataArray, np.array], + sink_outlet_temperature_celsius: xr.DataArray | np.ndarray, + source_inlet_temperature_celsius: xr.DataArray | np.ndarray, + sink_inlet_temperature_celsius: xr.DataArray | np.ndarray, + source_outlet_temperature_celsius: xr.DataArray | np.ndarray, refrigerant: str, delta_t_pinch_point: float, isentropic_compressor_efficiency: float, @@ -163,7 +161,7 @@ def __init__( self.delta_t_pinch = delta_t_pinch_point self.min_delta_t_lift = min_delta_t_lift - def approximate_cop(self) -> Union[xr.DataArray, np.array]: + def _approximate_cop(self) -> xr.DataArray | np.ndarray: """ Calculate the coefficient of performance (COP) for the system. @@ -203,7 +201,7 @@ def approximate_cop(self) -> Union[xr.DataArray, np.array]: ) @property - def t_sink_mean_kelvin(self) -> Union[xr.DataArray, np.array]: + def t_sink_mean_kelvin(self) -> xr.DataArray | np.ndarray: """ Calculate the logarithmic mean temperature difference between the cold and hot sinks. @@ -218,7 +216,7 @@ def t_sink_mean_kelvin(self) -> Union[xr.DataArray, np.array]: ) @property - def t_source_mean_kelvin(self) -> Union[xr.DataArray, np.array]: + def t_source_mean_kelvin(self) -> xr.DataArray | np.ndarray: """ Calculate the logarithmic mean temperature of the heat source. @@ -232,7 +230,7 @@ def t_source_mean_kelvin(self) -> Union[xr.DataArray, np.array]: ) @property - def delta_t_mean_lift(self) -> Union[xr.DataArray, np.array]: + def delta_t_mean_lift(self) -> xr.DataArray | np.ndarray: """ Calculate the temperature lift as the difference between the logarithmic sink and source temperatures. @@ -245,7 +243,7 @@ def delta_t_mean_lift(self) -> Union[xr.DataArray, np.array]: return self.t_sink_mean_kelvin - self.t_source_mean_kelvin @property - def delta_t_lift(self) -> Union[xr.DataArray, np.array]: + def delta_t_lift(self) -> xr.DataArray | np.ndarray: """ Calculate the temperature lift as the difference between the sink and source temperatures. @@ -253,7 +251,7 @@ def delta_t_lift(self) -> Union[xr.DataArray, np.array]: return self.t_sink_out_kelvin - self.t_source_in_kelvin @property - def ideal_lorenz_cop(self) -> Union[xr.DataArray, np.array]: + def ideal_lorenz_cop(self) -> xr.DataArray | np.ndarray: """ Ideal Lorenz coefficient of performance (COP). @@ -268,7 +266,7 @@ def ideal_lorenz_cop(self) -> Union[xr.DataArray, np.array]: return self.t_sink_mean_kelvin / self.delta_t_mean_lift @property - def delta_t_refrigerant_source(self) -> Union[xr.DataArray, np.array]: + def delta_t_refrigerant_source(self) -> xr.DataArray | np.ndarray: """ Calculate the temperature difference between the refrigerant source inlet and outlet. @@ -283,7 +281,7 @@ def delta_t_refrigerant_source(self) -> Union[xr.DataArray, np.array]: ) @property - def delta_t_refrigerant_sink(self) -> Union[xr.DataArray, np.array]: + def delta_t_refrigerant_sink(self) -> xr.DataArray | np.ndarray: """ Temperature difference between the refrigerant and the sink based on approximation. @@ -296,7 +294,7 @@ def delta_t_refrigerant_sink(self) -> Union[xr.DataArray, np.array]: return self._approximate_delta_t_refrigerant_sink(self.refrigerant) @property - def ratio_evaporation_compression_work(self) -> Union[xr.DataArray, np.array]: + def ratio_evaporation_compression_work(self) -> xr.DataArray | np.ndarray: """ Calculate the ratio of evaporation to compression work based on approximation. @@ -309,7 +307,7 @@ def ratio_evaporation_compression_work(self) -> Union[xr.DataArray, np.array]: return self._ratio_evaporation_compression_work_approximation(self.refrigerant) @property - def delta_t_sink(self) -> Union[xr.DataArray, np.array]: + def delta_t_sink(self) -> xr.DataArray | np.ndarray: """ Calculate the temperature difference at the sink. @@ -321,8 +319,8 @@ def delta_t_sink(self) -> Union[xr.DataArray, np.array]: return self.t_sink_out_kelvin - self.t_sink_in_kelvin def _approximate_delta_t_refrigerant_source( - self, delta_t_source: Union[xr.DataArray, np.array] - ) -> Union[xr.DataArray, np.array]: + self, delta_t_source: xr.DataArray | np.ndarray + ) -> xr.DataArray | np.ndarray: """ Approximates the temperature difference between the refrigerant and the source. @@ -345,7 +343,7 @@ def _approximate_delta_t_refrigerant_sink( a: float = {"ammonia": 0.2, "isobutane": -0.0011}, b: float = {"ammonia": 0.2, "isobutane": 0.3}, c: float = {"ammonia": 0.016, "isobutane": 2.4}, - ) -> Union[xr.DataArray, np.array]: + ) -> xr.DataArray | np.ndarray: """ Approximates the temperature difference between the refrigerant and heat sink. @@ -394,7 +392,7 @@ def _ratio_evaporation_compression_work_approximation( a: float = {"ammonia": 0.0014, "isobutane": 0.0035}, b: float = {"ammonia": -0.0015, "isobutane": -0.0033}, c: float = {"ammonia": 0.039, "isobutane": 0.053}, - ) -> Union[xr.DataArray, np.array]: + ) -> xr.DataArray | np.ndarray: """ Calculate the ratio of evaporation to compression work approximation. diff --git a/scripts/build_cop_profiles/DecentralHeatingCopApproximator.py b/scripts/build_cop_profiles/decentral_heating_cop_approximator.py similarity index 88% rename from scripts/build_cop_profiles/DecentralHeatingCopApproximator.py rename to scripts/build_cop_profiles/decentral_heating_cop_approximator.py index 741b2ea28..277d2d1fc 100644 --- a/scripts/build_cop_profiles/DecentralHeatingCopApproximator.py +++ b/scripts/build_cop_profiles/decentral_heating_cop_approximator.py @@ -3,12 +3,10 @@ # SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT -from typing import Union - import numpy as np import xarray as xr -from scripts.build_cop_profiles.BaseCopApproximator import BaseCopApproximator +from scripts.build_cop_profiles.base_cop_approximator import BaseCopApproximator class DecentralHeatingCopApproximator(BaseCopApproximator): @@ -45,8 +43,8 @@ class DecentralHeatingCopApproximator(BaseCopApproximator): def __init__( self, - sink_outlet_temperature_celsius: Union[xr.DataArray, np.array], - source_inlet_temperature_celsius: Union[xr.DataArray, np.array], + sink_outlet_temperature_celsius: xr.DataArray | np.ndarray, + source_inlet_temperature_celsius: xr.DataArray | np.ndarray, source_type: str, ): """ @@ -70,7 +68,7 @@ def __init__( else: self.source_type = source_type - def approximate_cop(self) -> Union[xr.DataArray, np.array]: + def _approximate_cop(self) -> xr.DataArray | np.ndarray: """ Compute the COP values using quadratic regression for air-/ground- source heat pumps. @@ -85,7 +83,7 @@ def approximate_cop(self) -> Union[xr.DataArray, np.array]: elif self.source_type == "ground": return self._approximate_cop_ground_source() - def _approximate_cop_air_source(self) -> Union[xr.DataArray, np.array]: + def _approximate_cop_air_source(self) -> xr.DataArray | np.ndarray: """ Evaluate quadratic regression for an air-sourced heat pump. @@ -98,7 +96,7 @@ def _approximate_cop_air_source(self) -> Union[xr.DataArray, np.array]: """ return 6.81 - 0.121 * self.delta_t + 0.000630 * self.delta_t**2 - def _approximate_cop_ground_source(self) -> Union[xr.DataArray, np.array]: + def _approximate_cop_ground_source(self) -> xr.DataArray | np.ndarray: """ Evaluate quadratic regression for a ground-sourced heat pump. diff --git a/scripts/build_cop_profiles/run.py b/scripts/build_cop_profiles/run.py index 0d32b0a45..b2e49395f 100644 --- a/scripts/build_cop_profiles/run.py +++ b/scripts/build_cop_profiles/run.py @@ -41,10 +41,10 @@ import xarray as xr from scripts._helpers import set_scenario_config -from scripts.build_cop_profiles.CentralHeatingCopApproximator import ( +from scripts.build_cop_profiles.central_heating_cop_approximator import ( CentralHeatingCopApproximator, ) -from scripts.build_cop_profiles.DecentralHeatingCopApproximator import ( +from scripts.build_cop_profiles.decentral_heating_cop_approximator import ( DecentralHeatingCopApproximator, ) from scripts.definitions.heat_system_type import HeatSystemType @@ -96,14 +96,14 @@ def get_cop( min_delta_t_lift=snakemake.params.heat_pump_cop_approximation_central_heating[ "min_delta_t_lift" ], - ).approximate_cop() + ).cop else: return DecentralHeatingCopApproximator( sink_outlet_temperature_celsius=snakemake.params.heat_pump_sink_T_decentral_heating, source_inlet_temperature_celsius=source_inlet_temperature_celsius, source_type=heat_source, - ).approximate_cop() + ).cop if __name__ == "__main__": @@ -128,21 +128,25 @@ def get_cop( for heat_system_type, heat_sources in snakemake.params.heat_pump_sources.items(): cop_this_system_type = [] for heat_source in heat_sources: - if heat_source in ["ground", "air", "ptes"]: - source_inlet_temperature_celsius = xr.open_dataarray( - snakemake.input[ - f"temp_{heat_source.replace('ground', 'soil')}_total" - ] - ) - elif heat_source in snakemake.params.limited_heat_sources.keys(): + if ( + heat_source in snakemake.params.limited_heat_sources + and snakemake.params.limited_heat_sources[heat_source][ + "constant_temperature_celsius" + ] + is not False + ): source_inlet_temperature_celsius = ( snakemake.params.limited_heat_sources[heat_source][ "constant_temperature_celsius" ] ) else: - raise ValueError( - f"Unknown heat source {heat_source}. Must be one of [ground, air] or {snakemake.params.heat_sources.keys()}." + if f"temp_{heat_source}" not in snakemake.input.keys(): + raise ValueError( + f"Missing input temperature for heat source {heat_source}." + ) + source_inlet_temperature_celsius = xr.open_dataarray( + snakemake.input[f"temp_{heat_source}"] ) cop_da = get_cop( diff --git a/scripts/build_country_hdd.py b/scripts/build_country_hdd.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5db7c0bae --- /dev/null +++ b/scripts/build_country_hdd.py @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Contributors to PyPSA-Eur +# +# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT +""" +Build country-level heating degree days in Europe for each country. Used for rescaling heat demand in weather years not covered by energy balance statistics. + +Outputs +------- + +- ``data/country_runoff/build/unknown/era5-hdd-per-country.csv``: + + =================== ========== =========== ========================================================= + Field Dimensions Unit Description + =================== ========== =========== ========================================================= + index/time time day Datestamp, YYYY-MM-DD + ------------------- ---------- ----------- --------------------------------------------------------- + country ISO-3166 A2 Aggregated HDDs per country + =================== ========== =========== ========================================================= + +""" + +import logging + +import atlite +import geopandas as gpd +import pandas as pd + +from scripts._helpers import ( + configure_logging, + load_cutout, +) + +logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) + +if __name__ == "__main__": + if "snakemake" not in globals(): + from scripts._helpers import mock_snakemake + + snakemake = mock_snakemake("build_country_hdd") + configure_logging(snakemake) + + cutout: atlite.Cutout = load_cutout(snakemake.input.cutouts) + country_shapes = gpd.read_file(snakemake.input.country_shapes).set_index("name")[ + "geometry" + ] + + ds = cutout.heat_demand(shapes=country_shapes) + + df: pd.DataFrame = ds.to_pandas().astype(int) + + df.to_csv(snakemake.output.era5_hdd) diff --git a/scripts/build_country_runoff.py b/scripts/build_country_runoff.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..32e07e19b --- /dev/null +++ b/scripts/build_country_runoff.py @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Contributors to PyPSA-Eur +# +# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT +""" +Build daily hydro runoff for each country to fill missing EIA statistics for hydro generation. + +Outputs +------- + +- ``data/country_runoff/build/unknown/era5-runoff-per-country.csv``: + + =================== ========== =========== ========================================================= + Field Dimensions Unit Description + =================== ========== =========== ========================================================= + index/time time day Datestamp, YYYY-MM-DD + ------------------- ---------- ----------- --------------------------------------------------------- + country ISO-3166 A2 Daily total runoff (volume per area) per country + =================== ========== =========== ========================================================= + + +""" + +import logging + +import atlite +import geopandas as gpd +import pandas as pd + +from scripts._helpers import ( + configure_logging, + load_cutout, +) + +logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) + +if __name__ == "__main__": + if "snakemake" not in globals(): + from scripts._helpers import mock_snakemake + + snakemake = mock_snakemake("build_country_runoff") + configure_logging(snakemake) + + cutout: atlite.Cutout = load_cutout(snakemake.input.cutouts) + country_shapes = gpd.read_file(snakemake.input.country_shapes).set_index("name")[ + "geometry" + ] + + ds = cutout.runoff(shapes=country_shapes) + + df: pd.DataFrame = ds.to_pandas() + df = df.resample("D").sum().astype(int) + + df.to_csv(snakemake.output.era5_runoff) diff --git a/scripts/build_cutout.py b/scripts/build_cutout.py index 7d9992b25..eea963de1 100644 --- a/scripts/build_cutout.py +++ b/scripts/build_cutout.py @@ -71,8 +71,6 @@ import logging import atlite -import geopandas as gpd -import pandas as pd from scripts._helpers import configure_logging, set_scenario_config @@ -88,19 +86,12 @@ cutout_params = snakemake.params.cutouts[snakemake.wildcards.cutout] cutout_params["time"] = slice(*cutout_params["time"]) + cutout_params["x"] = slice(*cutout_params["x"]) + cutout_params["y"] = slice(*cutout_params["y"]) + prepare_kwargs = cutout_params.pop("prepare_kwargs", {}) - if {"x", "y", "bounds"}.isdisjoint(cutout_params): - # Determine the bounds from bus regions with a buffer of two grid cells - onshore = gpd.read_file(snakemake.input.regions_onshore) - offshore = gpd.read_file(snakemake.input.regions_offshore) - regions = pd.concat([onshore, offshore]) - d = max(cutout_params.get("dx", 0.25), cutout_params.get("dy", 0.25)) * 2 - cutout_params["bounds"] = regions.total_bounds + [-d, -d, d, d] - elif {"x", "y"}.issubset(cutout_params): - cutout_params["x"] = slice(*cutout_params["x"]) - cutout_params["y"] = slice(*cutout_params["y"]) - - logger.info(f"Preparing cutout with parameters {cutout_params}.") - features = cutout_params.pop("features", None) + logger.info(f"Creating cutout with parameters {cutout_params}.") cutout = atlite.Cutout(snakemake.output[0], **cutout_params) - cutout.prepare(features=features) + + logger.info(f"Preparing cutout the cutout with parameters {prepare_kwargs}.") + cutout.prepare(**prepare_kwargs) diff --git a/scripts/build_dh_areas.py b/scripts/build_dh_areas.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ae5d92c75 --- /dev/null +++ b/scripts/build_dh_areas.py @@ -0,0 +1,200 @@ +# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Contributors to PyPSA-Eur +# +# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT +""" +Build and validate district heating areas for energy system modeling. +District heating areas are used for computing heat source and storage potentials. + +This script processes district heating (DH) areas data from external sources and +ensures all modeled countries have consistent representation. It handles missing +countries that exist in the onshore regions but lack district heating data according +to configurable strategies. + +The script supports three strategies for handling missing countries: +- 'ignore': Countries without DH data are assumed to have no district heating +- 'fill': Countries are assigned their full onshore region as potential DH area +- 'raise': Missing countries cause an error to ensure explicit handling + +Relevant Settings +----------------- + +.. code:: yaml + + countries: ['DE', 'FR', 'ES', ...] # List of modeled countries + sector: + district_heating: + dh_areas: + handle_missing_countries: 'ignore' # or 'fill' or 'raise' + +Inputs +------ +- `data/dh_areas.gpkg`: District heating areas data (GeoPackage format) +- `resources//regions_onshore_base_s_{clusters}.geojson`: Onshore regions for reference + +Outputs +------- +- `resources//dh_areas_base_s_{clusters}.geojson`: Processed district heating areas with missing countries handled +""" + +import logging + +import geopandas as gpd +import numpy as np +import pandas as pd + +from scripts._helpers import set_scenario_config + +logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) + + +def handle_missing_countries(dh_areas, regions_onshore, missing_countries, handle_mode): + """ + Handle countries that exist in onshore regions but lack district heating data. + + This function ensures consistency between the modeled countries and the available + district heating areas data. It's common for some countries to lack detailed DH + infrastructure data, which needs to be handled explicitly to avoid modeling errors. + + Parameters + ---------- + dh_areas : gpd.GeoDataFrame + Existing district heating areas data with columns: Label, country, Dem_GWh, geometry + regions_onshore : gpd.GeoDataFrame + Onshore regions data to use for filling missing countries + missing_countries : pd.Index + Index of country codes (2-letter ISO codes) missing from dh_areas + handle_mode : str + Strategy for handling missing countries: + - 'ignore': Assume no district heating exists (returns unchanged data) + - 'fill': Use full onshore region as potential DH area + - 'raise': Fail with informative error message + + Returns + ------- + gpd.GeoDataFrame + Updated dh_areas with missing countries handled according to strategy + + Raises + ------ + ValueError + If handle_mode is 'raise' or an invalid mode is provided + """ + if handle_mode == "ignore": + # Strategy: Assume missing countries have no district heating infrastructure + # This is conservative but may underestimate DH potential in some regions + return dh_areas # No changes needed - missing countries simply won't appear + + elif handle_mode == "fill": + # Strategy: Use full onshore region geometry as potential DH area + # This is optimistic but ensures no country is excluded + # Create entries for missing countries using their onshore region boundaries + new_rows = [] + for country_code in missing_countries: + # Find all regions belonging to this country + # Region names typically start with 2-letter country code (e.g., 'DE 1', 'FR 2') + country_regions = regions_onshore[ + regions_onshore["name"].str.startswith(country_code) + ] + + # Merge all regions of this country into a single geometry + # This creates the maximum possible DH area for the country + country_geometry = country_regions.union_all() + + # Handle CRS conversion using temporary GeoSeries + if country_geometry is not None and not country_geometry.is_empty: + temp_geoseries = gpd.GeoSeries( + [country_geometry], crs=regions_onshore.crs + ) + country_geometry = temp_geoseries.to_crs(dh_areas.crs).iloc[0] + + # Create new row with country's full onshore area as potential DH area + new_rows.append( + { + "Label": np.nan, # No specific DH area label + "country": country_code, # 2-letter ISO country code + "Dem_GWh": np.nan, # No demand data available + "geometry": country_geometry, # Full country geometry + } + ) + + # Append new country entries to existing DH areas data + if new_rows: # Only create GeoDataFrame if there are rows to add + new_gdf = gpd.GeoDataFrame(new_rows, geometry="geometry", crs=dh_areas.crs) + return pd.concat([dh_areas, new_gdf], ignore_index=True) + else: + return dh_areas # No missing countries to add + elif handle_mode == "raise": + # Strategy: Fail explicitly to force manual handling of missing countries + # This ensures users are aware of data gaps and make conscious decisions + raise ValueError( + f"Missing district heating data for countries: {missing_countries.to_list()}. " + f"Configure 'sector.district_heating.dh_areas.handle_missing_countries' to:\n" + f" - 'ignore': Assume no DH infrastructure in missing countries\n" + f" - 'fill': Use full onshore regions as potential DH areas\n" + f" - 'raise': Current setting - requires explicit data or configuration\n\n" + f"Note: DH areas affect heat source/storage potential calculations but not heat demand." + ) + else: + # Invalid configuration + raise ValueError( + f"Invalid handle_missing_countries setting: '{handle_mode}'. " + f"Valid options: 'ignore', 'fill', 'raise'" + ) + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + # Mock snakemake object for development/testing + if "snakemake" not in globals(): + from scripts._helpers import mock_snakemake + + snakemake = mock_snakemake( + "build_dh_areas", # Rule name for testing + clusters=48, # Number of network clusters + ) + + # Apply scenario configuration from Snakemake workflow + set_scenario_config(snakemake) + + # Load input geographic data + # District heating areas: contains existing DH infrastructure boundaries + dh_areas: gpd.GeoDataFrame = gpd.read_file(snakemake.input.dh_areas) + + # Onshore regions: contains all modeled country/region boundaries + # Used as reference for identifying missing countries and potential fill geometries + regions_onshore: gpd.GeoDataFrame = gpd.read_file(snakemake.input.regions_onshore) + + # Identify discrepancies between modeled countries and available DH data + # Extract country codes from region names (assumes format like 'DE 1', 'FR 2', etc.) + region_countries = set([name.split()[0][:2] for name in regions_onshore["name"]]) + + # Get countries that already have DH area data + dh_countries = set(dh_areas["country"].unique()) + + # Find countries in the model but missing from DH areas data + # These countries need to be handled according to the configured strategy + missing_countries = pd.Index(list(region_countries - dh_countries)) + + # Process missing countries according to configured strategy + if not missing_countries.empty: + logger.info( + f"Found {len(missing_countries)} missing countries: {list(missing_countries)}" + ) + logger.info( + f"Handling strategy: {snakemake.params['handle_missing_countries']}" + ) + + dh_areas = handle_missing_countries( + dh_areas, + regions_onshore, + missing_countries, + snakemake.params["handle_missing_countries"], + ) + else: + logger.info("All modeled countries have district heating areas data") + + # Save the processed district heating areas for downstream use + # Output format: GeoJSON for compatibility with other PyPSA-Eur scripts + dh_areas.to_file(snakemake.output.dh_areas, driver="GeoJSON") + logger.info( + f"Saved {len(dh_areas)} district heating areas to {snakemake.output.dh_areas}" + ) diff --git a/scripts/build_energy_totals.py b/scripts/build_energy_totals.py index 7f391738f..a5241e585 100644 --- a/scripts/build_energy_totals.py +++ b/scripts/build_energy_totals.py @@ -357,6 +357,9 @@ def idees_per_country(ct: str, base_dir: str) -> pd.DataFrame: assert df.index[6] == "Natural gas" ct_totals["gas residential space efficiency"] = df.iloc[6] + assert df.index[7] == "Biomass" + ct_totals["biomass residential space efficiency"] = df.iloc[7] + ct_totals["total residential water efficiency"] = df.loc["Water heating"] assert df.index[18] == "Diesel oil" @@ -365,6 +368,9 @@ def idees_per_country(ct: str, base_dir: str) -> pd.DataFrame: assert df.index[19] == "Natural gas" ct_totals["gas residential water efficiency"] = df.iloc[19] + assert df.index[20] == "Biomass" + ct_totals["biomass residential water efficiency"] = df.iloc[20] + # services df = pd.read_excel(fn_tertiary, "SER_hh_fec", index_col=0) @@ -408,6 +414,9 @@ def idees_per_country(ct: str, base_dir: str) -> pd.DataFrame: assert df.index[7] == "Conventional gas heaters" ct_totals["gas services space efficiency"] = df.iloc[7] + assert df.index[8] == "Biomass" + ct_totals["biomass services space efficiency"] = df.iloc[8] + ct_totals["total services water efficiency"] = df.loc["Hot water"] assert df.index[20] == "Diesel oil" @@ -416,6 +425,9 @@ def idees_per_country(ct: str, base_dir: str) -> pd.DataFrame: assert df.index[21] == "Natural gas" ct_totals["gas services water efficiency"] = df.iloc[21] + assert df.index[22] == "Biomass" + ct_totals["biomass services water efficiency"] = df.iloc[22] + # agriculture, forestry and fishing start = "Detailed split of energy consumption (ktoe)" @@ -1170,7 +1182,7 @@ def build_transport_data( Notes ----- - The function first collects the number of passenger cars. - - For Switzerland, it reads the data from `data/gr-e-11.03.02.01.01-cc.csv`. + - For Switzerland, it reads the data from `data/*/vehicle_stock.csv`. - It fills missing data on the number of cars and fuel efficiency with average data. References @@ -1192,7 +1204,18 @@ def build_transport_data( if "CH" in countries: fn = snakemake.input.swiss_transport - swiss_cars = pd.read_csv(fn, index_col=0).loc[years, ["passenger cars"]] + + # Detect delimiter automatically; BFS files often use ';' + with open(fn) as f: + first_line = f.readline() + sep = ";" if ";" in first_line and "," not in first_line else "," + + swiss_cars = pd.read_csv(fn, index_col=0, sep=sep).loc[ + years, ["passenger cars"] + ] + + # Ensure index is integer years + swiss_cars.index = swiss_cars.index.astype(int) swiss_cars.index = pd.MultiIndex.from_product( [["CH"], swiss_cars.index], names=["country", "year"] diff --git a/scripts/build_gas_input_locations.py b/scripts/build_gas_input_locations.py index 306be3e09..3a704d487 100644 --- a/scripts/build_gas_input_locations.py +++ b/scripts/build_gas_input_locations.py @@ -6,13 +6,13 @@ production sites with data from SciGRID_gas and Global Energy Monitor. """ -import json import logging import geopandas as gpd import pandas as pd from scripts._helpers import configure_logging, set_scenario_config +from scripts.build_gas_network import unnest_struct from scripts.cluster_gas_network import load_bus_regions logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) @@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ def read_scigrid_gas(fn): df = gpd.read_file(fn) - expanded_param = df.param.apply(json.loads).apply(pd.Series) + expanded_param = unnest_struct(df.param) df = pd.concat([df, expanded_param], axis=1) df.drop(["param", "uncertainty", "method"], axis=1, inplace=True) df = df.loc[:, ~df.columns.duplicated()] # duplicated country_code column diff --git a/scripts/build_gas_network.py b/scripts/build_gas_network.py index e407245d0..9b006ed90 100644 --- a/scripts/build_gas_network.py +++ b/scripts/build_gas_network.py @@ -53,11 +53,16 @@ def diameter_to_capacity(pipe_diameter_mm): return a3 + m3 * pipe_diameter_mm +def unnest_struct(s): + if isinstance(s.iloc[0], str): + s = s.apply(json.loads) + return s.apply(pd.Series) + + def load_dataset(fn): df = gpd.read_file(fn) - param = df.param.apply(json.loads).apply(pd.Series) - cols = ["diameter_mm", "max_cap_M_m3_per_d"] - method = df.method.apply(json.loads).apply(pd.Series)[cols] + param = unnest_struct(df.param) + method = unnest_struct(df.method)[["diameter_mm", "max_cap_M_m3_per_d"]] method.columns = method.columns + "_method" df = pd.concat([df, param, method], axis=1) to_drop = ["param", "uncertainty", "method", "tags"] diff --git a/scripts/build_hourly_heat_demand.py b/scripts/build_hourly_heat_demand.py index ee9b12b5d..4ad164c2f 100644 --- a/scripts/build_hourly_heat_demand.py +++ b/scripts/build_hourly_heat_demand.py @@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import logging from itertools import product +import numpy as np import pandas as pd import xarray as xr @@ -25,6 +26,50 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) + +def heat_dsm_profile(nodes, options): + """ + Generate heat demand-side management (DSM) availability profile with periodic restrictions. + + Creates a weekly profile that restricts heat storage availability at configured + checkpoint hours to enforce consumption requirements within 12-hour periods + (day: 9am-9pm, night: 9pm-9am). This implements building thermal mass flexibility + based on the smartEn/DNV methodology for residential heat DSM. + + The checkpoint approach operationally enforces the constraint that heat + consumption requirements must be met within each perio (by default 12-hour periods, + preventing the building thermal mass from acting as long-term seasonal storage while + allowing short-term load shifting for demand-side flexibility. + + Parameters + ---------- + nodes : pd.Index or array-like + Node identifiers for which to generate profiles. + options : dict + Configuration dictionary containing: + - options['residential_heat']['dsm']['restriction_time']: list of int + Hours at which storage must be empty (checkpoint hours). + + Returns + ------- + pd.DataFrame + DSM availability profile indexed by timestamp with columns for each node. + Values are 1.0 (storage available) for most hours and 0.0 at checkpoint + hours to force storage depletion and enforce consumption periods. + """ + weekly_profile = np.ones(24 * 7) + for i in options["residential_heat"]["dsm"]["restriction_time"]: + weekly_profile[(np.arange(0, 7, 1) * 24 + int(i))] = 0 + + dsm_profile = generate_periodic_profiles( + dt_index=pd.date_range(freq="h", **snakemake.params.snapshots, tz="UTC"), + nodes=nodes, + weekly_profile=weekly_profile, + ) + + return dsm_profile + + if __name__ == "__main__": if "snakemake" not in globals(): from scripts._helpers import mock_snakemake @@ -41,6 +86,8 @@ snakemake.params.snapshots, snakemake.params.drop_leap_day ) + sector_options = snakemake.params.sector + daily_space_heat_demand = ( xr.open_dataarray(snakemake.input.heat_demand) .to_pandas() @@ -53,6 +100,7 @@ uses = ["water", "space"] heat_demand = {} + dsm_profile = {} for sector, use in product(sectors, uses): weekday = list(intraday_profiles[f"{sector} {use} weekday"]) weekend = list(intraday_profiles[f"{sector} {use} weekend"]) @@ -67,13 +115,19 @@ heat_demand[f"{sector} {use}"] = ( daily_space_heat_demand * intraday_year_profile ) + if sector == "residential": + dsm_profile[f"{sector} {use}"] = heat_dsm_profile( + daily_space_heat_demand.columns, sector_options + ) else: heat_demand[f"{sector} {use}"] = intraday_year_profile heat_demand = pd.concat(heat_demand, axis=1, names=["sector use", "node"]) + dsm_profile = pd.concat(dsm_profile, axis=1, names=["sector use", "node"]) heat_demand.index.name = "snapshots" ds = heat_demand.stack(future_stack=True).to_xarray() ds.to_netcdf(snakemake.output.heat_demand) + dsm_profile.to_csv(snakemake.output.heat_dsm_profile) diff --git a/scripts/build_industrial_distribution_key.py b/scripts/build_industrial_distribution_key.py index b9f60ed96..d79c496d6 100644 --- a/scripts/build_industrial_distribution_key.py +++ b/scripts/build_industrial_distribution_key.py @@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ def locate_missing_industrial_sites(df): except ImportError: raise ModuleNotFoundError( "Optional dependency 'geopy' not found." - "Install via 'conda install -c conda-forge geopy'" + "Install via 'pixi add geopy'" "or set 'industry: hotmaps_locate_missing: false'." ) diff --git a/scripts/build_industrial_production_per_country.py b/scripts/build_industrial_production_per_country.py index 877a63cf2..8282ca3a6 100644 --- a/scripts/build_industrial_production_per_country.py +++ b/scripts/build_industrial_production_per_country.py @@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ def find_physical_output(df): - start = np.where(df.index.str.contains("Physical output", na=""))[0][0] + start = np.where(df.index.str.contains("Physical output", na=False))[0][0] empty_row = np.where(df.index.isnull())[0] end = empty_row[np.argmax(empty_row > start)] return slice(start, end) diff --git a/scripts/build_mobility_profiles.py b/scripts/build_mobility_profiles.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d3103edf9 --- /dev/null +++ b/scripts/build_mobility_profiles.py @@ -0,0 +1,154 @@ +# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Contributors to PyPSA-Eur +# +# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT +""" +Create profiles for road transport demand using measured data from vehicle monitoring by the German Federal Highway Research Institute (BASt). + +This rule downloads the data files, extracts them, and then aggregates the data to weekly profiles for two vehicle types: +- "kfz": All motor vehicles (="Kraftfahrzeuge", i.e. cars, trucks, buses, motorcycles) +- "pkw": Passenger cars only (="Personenkraftwagen") + +Outputs +------- + +- ``data/mobility_profiles/build//kfz.csv``: Weekly profile for all motor vehicles (cars, trucks, buses, motorcycles). +- ``data/mobility_profiles/build//pkw.csv``: Weekly profile for passenger cars only. + +**kfz.csv** + + =================== ========== ========== ========================================================= + Field Dimensions Unit Description + =================== ========== ========== ========================================================= + day day day of week Day of the week (0=Monday, 6=Sunday) + ------------------- ---------- ----------- --------------------------------------------------------- + hour hour hour of day Hour of the day (0-23) + ------------------- ---------- ----------- --------------------------------------------------------- + count day, hour -- Aggregated vehicle counts for all motor vehicles + (across all aggregated years and street types) + ------------------- ---------- ---------- --------------------------------------------------------- + n_counts day, hour -- Number of data points that were aggregated. + =================== ========== ========== ========================================================= + +**pkw.csv** + =================== ========== ========== ========================================================= + Field Dimensions Unit Description + =================== ========== ========== ========================================================= + day day day of week Day of the week (0=Monday, 6=Sunday) + ------------------- ---------- ----------- --------------------------------------------------------- + hour hour hour of day Hour of the day (0-23) + ------------------- ---------- ----------- --------------------------------------------------------- + count day, hour -- Aggregated vehicle counts for passenger cars only + (across all aggregated years and street types) + ------------------- ---------- ---------- --------------------------------------------------------- + n_counts day, hour -- Number of data points that were aggregated. + =================== ========== ========== ========================================================= + +""" + +import logging +from pathlib import Path +from shutil import unpack_archive + +import pandas as pd + +from scripts._helpers import configure_logging, set_scenario_config + +logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) + +if __name__ == "__main__": + if "snakemake" not in globals(): + from scripts._helpers import mock_snakemake + + snakemake = mock_snakemake("build_mobility_profiles") + configure_logging(snakemake) + set_scenario_config(snakemake) + + # Zip files have been downloaded by snakemake as storage objects + # unzip them and move the extracted files into the `raw_files` folder + zip_files = [Path(fp) for fp in snakemake.input["zip_files"]] + output_folder = Path(snakemake.output["raw_files"]) + + output_files = [] + for zip_file in zip_files: + unpack_archive(zip_file, output_folder) + output_file = output_folder / zip_file.name.replace(".zip", ".txt") + output_files.append(output_file) + logger.info(f"Unpacked {zip_file} to {output_file}") + + # We use this to add some information on the files used to create the output file later + file_names = [f.name for f in zip_files] + + # Load each file as a dataframe and then concatenate them + # (faster this way) + output_files = sorted(output_files) + dfs = [] + for output_file in output_files: + logger.info(f"Processing {str(output_file.name)}") + + df = pd.read_csv( + output_file, + skiprows=0, + delimiter=";", + # Only load the columns we need: + # 'Datum' is the date (YYMMDD) + # 'Wotag' is the day of the week (1=Mon, 7=Sun) + # 'Stunde' is the hour of the day (1-24) + # 'KFZ|Pkw_R1' and 'KFZ|Pkw_R2' are the counts in each direction on the road + # + usecols=[ + "Datum", + "Wotag", + "Stunde", + "KFZ_R1", + "KFZ_R2", + "Pkw_R1", + "Pkw_R2", + ], + ) + + dfs.append(df) + vehicle_counts = pd.concat(dfs, ignore_index=True) + + # Turn 'Datum' into a datetime (YYYY-MM-DD) - we don't need it for the aggregation, but helpful for debugging/checks + vehicle_counts["date"] = pd.to_datetime("20" + vehicle_counts["Datum"].astype(str)) + + # Rename columns to English + vehicle_counts = vehicle_counts.rename( + columns={ + "Wotag": "day", + "Stunde": "hour", + } + ) + + # Aggregate data for both directions on the road + vehicle_counts["kfz"] = vehicle_counts["KFZ_R1"] + vehicle_counts["KFZ_R2"] + vehicle_counts["pkw"] = vehicle_counts["Pkw_R1"] + vehicle_counts["Pkw_R2"] + + # vehicles types to aggregate for and output files to write to + vehicle_types = { + "kfz": snakemake.output["kfz"], + "pkw": snakemake.output["pkw"], + } + for vehicle_type, output_file in vehicle_types.items(): + logger.info(f"Aggregating and writing {vehicle_type} data to {output_file}") + + aggregated_data = vehicle_counts.groupby(["day", "hour"], as_index=False).agg( + count=(vehicle_type, "sum"), n_counts=(vehicle_type, "count") + ) + + # Adjust day and hour to start from 0 (to match the expected data conventions) + aggregated_data["day"] -= 1 + aggregated_data["hour"] -= 1 + + aggregated_data.to_csv(output_file, index=False) + + # Add additional information to the beginning of the file + # this information and format is similar to the original data format used by PyPSA-Eur previously + with open(output_file, "r+") as file: + content = file.read() + file.seek(0, 0) + file.write( + f"# File generated for type: {vehicle_type} using data for: {', '.join(file_names)}\n" + ) + file.write(f"# Time of generation: {pd.Timestamp.now()}\n") + file.write(content) diff --git a/scripts/build_natura.py b/scripts/build_natura.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..94f16a9b6 --- /dev/null +++ b/scripts/build_natura.py @@ -0,0 +1,126 @@ +# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: : 2017-2024 The PyPSA-Eur Authors +# +# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT +""" +Rasters the vector data of the `Natura 2000. + +`_ natural protection areas onto all +cutout regions. + +Relevant Settings +----------------- + +.. code:: yaml + + renewable: + {technology}: + cutout: + +.. seealso:: + Documentation of the configuration file ``config/config.yaml`` at + :ref:`renewable_cf` + +Inputs +------ + +- ``data/bundle/natura/Natura2000_end2015.shp``: `Natura 2000 `_ natural protection areas. + + .. image:: img/natura.png + :scale: 33 % + +Outputs +------- + +- ``resources/natura.tiff``: Rasterized version of `Natura 2000 `_ natural protection areas to reduce computation times. + + .. image:: img/natura.png + :scale: 33 % + +Description +----------- +""" + +import logging +import shutil +from pathlib import Path + +import atlite +import geopandas as gpd +import rasterio as rio +from _helpers import configure_logging, set_scenario_config +from rasterio.features import geometry_mask +from rasterio.warp import transform_bounds + +logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) + + +def determine_cutout_xXyY(cutout_name): + """ + Determine the full extent of a cutout. + + Since the coordinates of the cutout data are given as the + center of the grid cells, the extent of the cutout is + calculated by adding/subtracting half of the grid cell size. + + + Parameters + ---------- + cutout_name : str + Path to the cutout. + + Returns + ------- + A list of extent coordinates in the order [x, X, y, Y]. + """ + cutout = atlite.Cutout(cutout_name) + assert cutout.crs.to_epsg() == 4326 + x, X, y, Y = cutout.extent + dx, dy = cutout.dx, cutout.dy + return [x - dx / 2.0, X + dx / 2.0, y - dy / 2.0, Y + dy / 2.0] + + +def get_transform_and_shape(bounds, res): + left, bottom = [(b // res) * res for b in bounds[:2]] + right, top = [(b // res + 1) * res for b in bounds[2:]] + shape = int((top - bottom) // res), int((right - left) / res) + transform = rio.Affine(res, 0, left, 0, -res, top) + return transform, shape + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + if "snakemake" not in globals(): + from _helpers import mock_snakemake + + snakemake = mock_snakemake("build_natura_raster") + configure_logging(snakemake) + set_scenario_config(snakemake) + + # Move the downloaded archive and unpack it + shutil.move(snakemake.input["online"], snakemake.output["zip"]) + shutil.unpack_archive(snakemake.output["zip"], snakemake.output["raw"]) + + # Find the shapefile in the unpacked nested directory + shapefile = list(Path(snakemake.output["raw"]).rglob("*.shp"))[0] + + x, X, y, Y = determine_cutout_xXyY(snakemake.input["cutout"]) + bounds = transform_bounds(4326, 3035, x, y, X, Y) + transform, out_shape = get_transform_and_shape(bounds, res=100) + + # adjusted boundaries + shapes = gpd.read_file(shapefile).to_crs(3035) + raster = ~geometry_mask(shapes.geometry, out_shape, transform) + raster = raster.astype(rio.uint8) + + with rio.open( + snakemake.output["raster"], + "w", + driver="GTiff", + dtype=rio.uint8, + count=1, + transform=transform, + crs=3035, + compress="lzw", + width=raster.shape[1], + height=raster.shape[0], + ) as dst: + dst.write(raster, indexes=1) diff --git a/scripts/build_osm_network.py b/scripts/build_osm_network.py index 64f77c843..bb8f58c2c 100644 --- a/scripts/build_osm_network.py +++ b/scripts/build_osm_network.py @@ -1624,21 +1624,30 @@ def build_network( dc_buses = _add_dc_buses(converters_polygon, links, buses, country_shapes) links, dc_buses = _map_links_to_dc_buses(links, dc_buses) + # Drop incomplete links (missing buses), relevant if network is built for single (islanded) regions + bool_incomplete_links = links["bus0"].isna() | links["bus1"].isna() + if bool_incomplete_links.any(): + logger.info( + f"Dropping {bool_incomplete_links.sum()} incomplete links that could not be mapped to two DC buses." + ) + links = links[~bool_incomplete_links].reset_index(drop=True) + # Concatenate AC and DC buses buses["dc"] = False dc_buses["dc"] = True all_buses = pd.concat([buses, dc_buses], ignore_index=True) - # Add suffix - links["link_id"] = ( - links["link_id"] - + "-" - + links["voltage"].div(1e3).astype(int).astype(str) - + "-DC" - ) + if not links.empty: + # Add suffix + links["link_id"] = ( + links["link_id"] + + "-" + + links["voltage"].div(1e3).astype(int).astype(str) + + "-DC" + ) - # Extend DC links to DC buses - links = _extend_lines_to_buses(links, dc_buses) + # Extend DC links to DC buses + links = _extend_lines_to_buses(links, dc_buses) # Add PyPSA converter links between DC buses and AC buses converters = _add_converter_links(dc_buses, buses) @@ -1680,10 +1689,7 @@ def build_network( if "snakemake" not in globals(): from scripts._helpers import mock_snakemake - snakemake = mock_snakemake( - "build_osm_network", - configfiles=["config/test/config.distribution-grid.yaml"], - ) + snakemake = mock_snakemake("build_osm_network") configure_logging(snakemake) set_scenario_config(snakemake) diff --git a/scripts/build_powerplants.py b/scripts/build_powerplants.py index 993fe5ebe..4a8009349 100755 --- a/scripts/build_powerplants.py +++ b/scripts/build_powerplants.py @@ -154,9 +154,14 @@ def replace_natural_gas_fueltype(df): n = pypsa.Network(snakemake.input.network) countries = snakemake.params.countries + # Steps copied from PPM: Usually run by PPM when using pm.powerplants(...) from cache ppl = ( - pm.powerplants(from_url=True) - .powerplant.fill_missing_decommissioning_years() + pd.read_csv(snakemake.input.powerplants, index_col=0, header=[0]) + .pipe(pm.collection.parse_string_to_dict, ["projectID", "EIC"]) + .pipe(pm.collection.set_column_name, "Matched Data") + ) + ppl = ( + ppl.powerplant.fill_missing_decommissioning_years() .powerplant.convert_country_to_alpha2() .query('Fueltype not in ["Solar", "Wind"] and Country in @countries') .assign(Technology=replace_natural_gas_technology) diff --git a/scripts/build_surface_water_heat_potentials/approximators/river_water_heat_approximator.py b/scripts/build_surface_water_heat_potentials/approximators/river_water_heat_approximator.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b23f29114 --- /dev/null +++ b/scripts/build_surface_water_heat_potentials/approximators/river_water_heat_approximator.py @@ -0,0 +1,122 @@ +# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Contributors to PyPSA-Eur +# +# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT +import warnings + +import geopandas as gpd +import numpy as np +import shapely +import xarray as xr + +from scripts.build_surface_water_heat_potentials.approximators.surface_water_heat_approximator import ( + SurfaceWaterHeatApproximator, +) + + +class RiverWaterHeatApproximator(SurfaceWaterHeatApproximator): + """ + River water heat approximator for district heating systems. + + Parameters are mostly based on expert input and Triebs 2023: "Untersuchung der zukünftigen Fernwärmeversorgung unter Unsicherheit bei Berücksichtigung technischer, ökonomischer und ökologischer Randbedingungen". # codespell:ignore unter + + Min_distance of 25km is based on Jung et al.: "Estimation of + Temperature Recovery Distance and the Influence of Heat Pump Discharge on + Fluvial Ecosystems". + """ + + def __init__( + self, + volume_flow: xr.DataArray, + ambient_temperature: xr.DataArray, + region: shapely.geometry.polygon.Polygon | gpd.GeoSeries, + max_relative_volume_flow: float = 1.0, + delta_t_max: float = 1, + min_outlet_temperature: float = 1, + min_distance_meters: int = 25000, + ) -> None: + water_temperature = self._approximate_river_temperature( + ambient_temperature=ambient_temperature + ) + water_temperature = water_temperature.rio.write_crs( + f"EPSG:{ambient_temperature.rio.crs.to_epsg()}" + ) + + super().__init__( + volume_flow=self._round_coordinates(volume_flow), + water_temperature=self._round_coordinates(water_temperature), + region=region, + max_relative_volume_flow=max_relative_volume_flow, + delta_t_max=delta_t_max, + min_outlet_temperature=min_outlet_temperature, + min_distance_meters=min_distance_meters, + ) + + def _round_coordinates( + self, da: xr.DataArray, decimal_precision: int = 4 + ) -> xr.DataArray: + """ + Round the coordinates of the HERA dataset to the defined precision. + + Parameters + ---------- + da : xr.DataArray + HERA dataset. + + Returns + ------- + xr.DataArray + HERA dataset with rounded coordinates. + """ + if "x" in da.coords and "y" in da.coords: + return da.assign_coords( + x=da.x.round(decimal_precision), y=da.y.round(decimal_precision) + ) + else: + raise ValueError( + "The DataArray does not contain the expected coordinates 'x' and 'y'." + ) + + @staticmethod + def _approximate_river_temperature( + ambient_temperature: xr.DataArray, + moving_average_num_days: int = 13, + k1: float = -0.957, + k2: float = 28.212, + k3: float = 12.434, + k4: float = 0.137, + ) -> xr.DataArray: + """ + Apply the formula for derivation of the river temperature from the ambient temperature. + + Based on Triebs & Tsatsaronis 2022: Estimating the local renewable potentials + for the transformation of district heating systems, ECOS 2022, pp. 479-490. + + Parameters + ---------- + ambient_temperature : xr.DataArray + DataArray containing ambient temperature in river areas + moving_average_num_days : int, optional + Number of days for moving average, by default 13 + k1, k2, k3, k4 : float, optional + Regression coefficients for the approximation of the river temperature + + Returns + ------- + xr.DataArray + Approximated river temperature + """ + # Time steps per day + time_steps_per_day = int(24 / float(ambient_temperature.time.dt.hour.frequency)) + # Window for moving average + window = time_steps_per_day * moving_average_num_days + if window > len(ambient_temperature.time): + window = len(ambient_temperature.time) + warnings.warn( + f"Moving average window of {moving_average_num_days} days in river water temperature approximation exceeds the available time steps ({len(ambient_temperature.time)}). Falling back to the maximum available time steps ({window} hours)." + ) + # Calculate the mean ambient temperature + ambient_temperature_moving_average = ambient_temperature.rolling( + time=window, min_periods=1 + ).mean() + + return k1 + (k2 / (1 + np.exp(k4 * (k3 - ambient_temperature_moving_average)))) diff --git a/scripts/build_surface_water_heat_potentials/approximators/sea_water_heat_approximator.py b/scripts/build_surface_water_heat_potentials/approximators/sea_water_heat_approximator.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6ff15dc74 --- /dev/null +++ b/scripts/build_surface_water_heat_potentials/approximators/sea_water_heat_approximator.py @@ -0,0 +1,150 @@ +# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Contributors to PyPSA-Eur +# +# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT +import logging + +import geopandas as gpd +import shapely +import xarray as xr + +from scripts.build_surface_water_heat_potentials.approximators.surface_water_heat_approximator import ( + SurfaceWaterHeatApproximator, +) + +logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) + +# Constants +INF = 1e9 # Marker for unusable temperature values + + +class SeaWaterHeatApproximator(SurfaceWaterHeatApproximator): + """ + Approximator for sea water heat potential calculations. + + This class extends SurfaceWaterHeatApproximator to handle sea water temperature + data for heat pump applications. It processes water temperature data to determine + usable heat potential from sea water sources. + """ + + def __init__( + self, + water_temperature: xr.DataArray, + region: shapely.geometry.polygon.Polygon | gpd.GeoSeries, + min_inlet_temperature: float = 1, + ) -> None: + # buffer the region geometry by half the data resolution + # This way, offshore data points just outside the region are included + self.water_temperature = water_temperature + self.region_geometry = region.geometry.boundary.buffer( + self._data_resolution / 1.5 + ) + self.min_outlet_temperature = min_inlet_temperature + + # Validate inputs and potentially reproject data + self._validate_and_reproject_input() + + # Create masked data for processing + self._clip_data_to_region() + + def _validate_and_reproject_input(self) -> None: + """ + Validate input data and ensure proper CRS alignment. + + Updates self.water_temperature with properly projected data if needed. + + Raises + ------ + ValueError + If inputs are invalid or incompatible + """ + # Check if data has rio attribute and CRS information + # Ensure data has rioxarray capabilities + if not hasattr(self.water_temperature, "rio"): + raise ValueError("water temperature must have rioxarray capabilities") + + # Ensure data has CRS information + if not self.water_temperature.rio.crs: + raise ValueError( + "water temperature must have CRS information (use rio.write_crs)" + ) + + # Project data to target CRS if needed + if self.water_temperature.rio.crs.to_epsg() != self.EPSG: + try: + self.water_temperature = self.water_temperature.rio.reproject( + f"EPSG:{self.EPSG}" + ) + logger.info(f"Reprojected water_temperature to EPSG:{self.EPSG}") + except Exception as e: + raise ValueError(f"Failed to reproject water_temperature: {str(e)}") + + def _clip_data_to_region(self) -> None: + """ + Mask water temperature to the geometry. + """ + + self._water_temperature_in_region = self.water_temperature.rio.clip( + self.region_geometry, drop=False + ) + + def get_spatial_aggregate(self) -> xr.Dataset: + """ + Get the spatial aggregate of water temperature. + + Returns + ------- + xr.Dataset + Dataset containing average_temperature + """ + average_water_temperature = self._water_temperature_in_region.mean( + dim=["x", "y"], skipna=True + ) + + # Combine into a single dataset and apply cut-off temperature + return xr.Dataset( + data_vars={ + "average_temperature": self._get_usable_water_temperature( + water_temperature=average_water_temperature + ), + } + ) + + def get_temporal_aggregate(self) -> xr.Dataset: + """ + Get the temporal aggregate of water temperature. + + Returns + ------- + xr.Dataset + Dataset containing average_temperature + """ + average_water_temperature = self._water_temperature_in_region.mean( + dim=[self.TIME], skipna=True + ) + + # Combine into a single dataset + # Don't apply cut-off temperature here because this is only used for plotting + # and analysis + return xr.Dataset(data_vars={"average_temperature": average_water_temperature}) + + def _get_usable_water_temperature( + self, water_temperature: xr.DataArray + ) -> xr.DataArray: + """ + Get the usable water temperature. + + Parameters + ---------- + water_temperature : xr.DataArray + Water temperature data + + Returns + ------- + xr.DataArray + Usable water temperature with minimum threshold applied + """ + return xr.where( + water_temperature > self.min_outlet_temperature, + water_temperature, + -INF, + ) diff --git a/scripts/build_surface_water_heat_potentials/approximators/surface_water_heat_approximator.py b/scripts/build_surface_water_heat_potentials/approximators/surface_water_heat_approximator.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..41c8f283e --- /dev/null +++ b/scripts/build_surface_water_heat_potentials/approximators/surface_water_heat_approximator.py @@ -0,0 +1,283 @@ +# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Contributors to PyPSA-Eur +# +# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT +import logging +from abc import ABC +from functools import cached_property + +import geopandas as gpd +import numpy as np +import shapely +import xarray as xr + +logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) + + +class SurfaceWaterHeatApproximator(ABC): + """ + A class for calculating heat source potential for seawater-sourced heat pumps. + + This class encapsulates the full workflow for loading oceanographic data, + calculating heat potential, resampling, masking to regions of interest, + and visualizing results. + + Attributes: + results (xr.Dataset): The results of the calculation. Contains `total_power` and `average_temperature`. Coordinates are `time`. + """ + + TIME = "time" + EPSG = 3035 + + def __init__( + self, + volume_flow: xr.DataArray, + water_temperature: xr.DataArray, + region: shapely.geometry.polygon.Polygon | gpd.GeoSeries, + max_relative_volume_flow: float = 1.0, + delta_t_max: float = 4, + min_outlet_temperature: float = 1, + min_distance_meters: int = 2000, + ) -> None: + """ + Initialize the SurfaceWaterHeatApproximator. This is an abstract class and should not be instantiated directly. + + Parameters + ---------- + volume_flow : xr.DataArray + Volume flow data + water_temperature : xr.DataArray + Water temperature data + region : Union[shapely.geometry.polygon.Polygon, gpd.GeoSeries] + Region of interest geometry + max_relative_volume_flow : float, optional + Maximum relative volume flow, by default 1.0 + delta_t_max : float, optional + Maximum temperature difference, by default 4 + min_outlet_temperature : float, optional + Minimum outlet temperature, by default 1 + min_distance_meters : int, optional + Minimum distance between projects in meters, by default 2000 + """ + # Set instance variables + self.volume_flow = volume_flow + self.water_temperature = water_temperature + self.region = region + self.max_relative_volume_flow = max_relative_volume_flow + self.delta_t_max = delta_t_max + self.min_outlet_temperature = min_outlet_temperature + self.min_distance_meters = min_distance_meters + + # Validate inputs and potentially reproject data + # self._validate_and_reproject_input() + + # All expensive computations are now lazy via cached_property + + def get_spatial_aggregate(self) -> xr.Dataset: + """ + Get the spatial aggregate of water temperature and power. + + Returns + ------- + xr.Dataset + Dataset containing total_power and average_temperature + """ + total_power = self._power_sum_spatial * self._scaling_factor + + # Calculate power-weighted average temperature using cached sum + average_water_temperature = ( + self._water_temperature_in_region * self._power_in_region + ).sum(dim=["x", "y"]) / (self._power_sum_spatial + 0.001) + + # Combine into a single dataset + return xr.Dataset( + data_vars={ + "total_power": total_power, + "average_temperature": average_water_temperature, + } + ) + + def get_temporal_aggregate(self) -> xr.Dataset: + """ + Get the temporal aggregate of water temperature and power. + + Returns + ------- + xr.Dataset + Dataset containing total_energy and average_temperature + """ + total_energy = self._power_sum_temporal * self._scaling_factor + + # Calculate power-weighted average temperature using cached sum + average_water_temperature = ( + self._water_temperature_in_region * self._power_in_region + ).sum(dim=[self.TIME]) / (self._power_sum_temporal + 0.001) + + # Combine into a single dataset + return xr.Dataset( + data_vars={ + "total_energy": total_energy, + "average_temperature": average_water_temperature, + } + ) + + def _validate_and_reproject_input(self) -> None: + """ + Validate input data and ensure proper CRS alignment. + + Updates self.volume_flow and self.water_temperature with properly + projected data if needed. + + Raises: + ValueError: If inputs are invalid or incompatible + """ + # Check if data has rio attribute and CRS information + for name, data in [ + ("water_temperature", self.water_temperature), + ("volume_flow", self.volume_flow), + ]: + # Ensure data has rioxarray capabilities + if not hasattr(data, "rio"): + raise ValueError(f"{name} must have rioxarray capabilities") + + # Ensure data has CRS information + if not data.rio.crs: + raise ValueError( + f"{name} must have CRS information (use rio.write_crs)" + ) + + # Project data to target CRS if needed + if self.water_temperature.rio.crs.to_epsg() != self.EPSG: + try: + self.water_temperature = self.water_temperature.rio.reproject( + f"EPSG:{self.EPSG}" + ) + logger.info(f"Reprojected water_temperature to EPSG:{self.EPSG}") + except Exception as e: + raise ValueError(f"Failed to reproject water_temperature: {str(e)}") + + if self.volume_flow.rio.crs.to_epsg() != self.EPSG: + try: + self.volume_flow = self.volume_flow.rio.reproject(f"EPSG:{self.EPSG}") + logger.info(f"Reprojected volume_flow to EPSG:{self.EPSG}") + except Exception as e: + raise ValueError(f"Failed to reproject volume_flow: {str(e)}") + + # Check that datasets have the same dimensions + if not set(self.water_temperature.dims) == set(self.volume_flow.dims): + raise ValueError( + f"Dimensions mismatch: water_temperature has {self.water_temperature.dims}, " + f"volume_flow has {self.volume_flow.dims}" + ) + + # Check that x and y coordinates match + for coord in ["x", "y", self.TIME]: + if ( + coord in self.water_temperature.coords + and coord in self.volume_flow.coords + ): + if not np.array_equal( + self.water_temperature[coord].values, self.volume_flow[coord].values + ): + raise ValueError( + f"{coord} coordinates don't match between datasets" + ) + else: + raise ValueError( + f"{coord} coordinate '{coord}' not found in both datasets" + ) + + # For region geometry, we just check the type + # if not isinstance(self.region, shapely.geometry.multipolygon.MultiPolygon): + # raise ValueError(f"region_geometry must be a shapely MultiPolygon, got {type(self.region)}") + + @cached_property + def _volume_flow_in_region(self) -> xr.DataArray: + """ + Cache clipped volume flow data. + + Returns + ------- + xr.DataArray + Volume flow data clipped to region + """ + return self.volume_flow.rio.clip(self.region.geometry, drop=False) + + @cached_property + def _water_temperature_in_region(self) -> xr.DataArray: + """ + Cache clipped water temperature data. + + Returns + ------- + xr.DataArray + Water temperature data clipped to region + """ + return self.water_temperature.rio.clip(self.region.geometry, drop=False) + + @cached_property + def _data_resolution(self) -> float: + """ + Cache resolution calculation based on dataset resolution. + Assumes data is in EPSG:3035 (meters). + """ + # Get resolution directly from rio + x_res, y_res = self.water_temperature.rio.resolution() + + # Average resolution in meters (EPSG:3035 uses meters) + return (abs(x_res) + abs(y_res)) / 2 + + @cached_property + def _scaling_factor(self) -> float: + """Cache scaling factor calculation.""" + return self._data_resolution / self.min_distance_meters + + @cached_property + def _power_in_region(self) -> xr.DataArray: + """ + Cache power calculation from flow and temperature. + + Returns: + xr.DataArray: Power in MW. + """ + # Constants for power calculation + density_water = 1000 # kg/m^3 + heat_capacity_water = 4.18 # kJ/kg/K + mw_per_kw = 1 / 1000 + + # Pre-calculate conversion factor + conversion_factor = density_water * heat_capacity_water * mw_per_kw + + # Mean Volume flow for the area of interest + usable_volume_flow = self.max_relative_volume_flow * self._volume_flow_in_region + + # Calculate temperature difference for approximation of the heat flow + delta_t = ( + self._water_temperature_in_region - self.min_outlet_temperature + ).clip(max=self.delta_t_max, min=0) + + # Calculate heat flow with single combined operation + return usable_volume_flow * delta_t * conversion_factor + + @cached_property + def _power_sum_spatial(self) -> xr.DataArray: + """ + Cache the expensive spatial sum of power. + + Returns + ------- + xr.DataArray + Spatial sum of power over x and y dimensions + """ + return self._power_in_region.sum(dim=["x", "y"]) + + @cached_property + def _power_sum_temporal(self) -> xr.DataArray: + """ + Cache the expensive temporal sum of power. + + Returns + ------- + xr.DataArray + Temporal sum of power over time dimension + """ + return self._power_in_region.sum(dim=[self.TIME]) diff --git a/scripts/build_surface_water_heat_potentials/build_river_water_heat_potential.py b/scripts/build_surface_water_heat_potentials/build_river_water_heat_potential.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6a2d2a33b --- /dev/null +++ b/scripts/build_surface_water_heat_potentials/build_river_water_heat_potential.py @@ -0,0 +1,472 @@ +# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Contributors to PyPSA-Eur +# +# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT +""" +Calculate river water heat potential for district heating systems. + +This script computes the thermal potential of rivers as a heat source for district +heating applications. It uses HERA river discharge and ambient temperature data to +estimate available heating power and average water temperatures across regions +intersected with district heating areas. + +The approximation accounts for temporal and spatial variations in river flow and temperature, +providing both spatial and temporal aggregates. Temporal aggregates are only used for plotting. + +Relevant Settings +----------------- + +.. code:: yaml + + sector: + district_heating: + dh_area_buffer: # Buffer around DH areas in meters to include nearby rivers + heat_source_cooling: # Exploitable temperature delta + snapshots: + start: + end: + enable: + drop_leap_day: + +Inputs +------ +- `data/hera_{year}/river_discharge_{year}.nc`: River discharge data from HERA +- `data/hera_{year}/ambient_temp_{year}.nc`: Ambient temperature data from HERA +- `resources//regions_onshore_base_s_{clusters}.geojson`: Onshore regions +- `resources//dh_areas_base_s_{clusters}.geojson`: District heating areas + +Outputs +------- +- `resources//heat_source_power_river_water_base_s_{clusters}.csv`: River heating power potentials by region +- `resources//temp_river_water_base_s_{clusters}.nc`: River water temperature profiles by region +- `resources//temp_river_water_base_s_{clusters}_temporal_aggregate.nc`: Temporal aggregated temperature data +- `resources//heat_source_energy_river_water_base_s_{clusters}_temporal_aggregate.nc`: Temporal aggregated energy data +""" + +import gc +import logging + +import dask +import geopandas as gpd +import numpy as np +import pandas as pd +import xarray as xr +from _helpers import ( + configure_logging, + get_snapshots, + set_scenario_config, + update_config_from_wildcards, +) +from approximators.river_water_heat_approximator import RiverWaterHeatApproximator + +logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) + +MEMORY_SAFETY_FACTOR = 0.7 # Use 70% of available memory for Dask arrays + + +def load_hera_data( + hera_inputs: dict, + snapshots: pd.DatetimeIndex, + minx: float, + miny: float, + maxx: float, + maxy: float, +) -> dict: + """ + Load and concatenate HERA data files for multiple years with spatial clipping. + + Parameters + ---------- + hera_inputs : dict + Dictionary with year-specific HERA file paths from input_hera_data(). + Expected keys: hera_river_discharge_{year}, hera_ambient_temperature_{year} + snapshots : pd.DatetimeIndex + Target snapshots to select from the combined data + minx, miny, maxx, maxy : float + Bounding box coordinates for spatial clipping + + Returns + ------- + dict + Dictionary with processed xarray DataArrays for river_discharge and ambient_temperature + """ + # Group files by data type + river_files = [ + v for k, v in hera_inputs.items() if k.startswith("hera_river_discharge_") + ] + temp_files = [ + v for k, v in hera_inputs.items() if k.startswith("hera_ambient_temperature_") + ] + + # Determine time range from snapshots with buffer to ensure HERA coverage + # HERA data is on 6h intervals, so we need to extend the range to capture + # HERA timestamps that bracket our actual snapshots + buffer = pd.Timedelta(hours=12) # Buffer to ensure we capture surrounding HERA data + start_time = snapshots.min() - buffer + end_time = snapshots.max() + buffer + + result = {} + + # Load and concatenate river discharge files using open_mfdataset + river_discharge = xr.open_mfdataset( + river_files, + chunks={"time": -1, "lat": 14, "lon": 4530}, + concat_dim="time", + combine="nested", + )["dis"] + + # Select time range that covers our snapshots (using native HERA resolution) + river_discharge = river_discharge.sel(time=slice(start_time, end_time)) + + # Process river discharge data + river_discharge = ( + river_discharge.rename({"lat": "latitude", "lon": "longitude"}) + .rio.write_crs("EPSG:4326") + .rio.clip_box(minx, miny, maxx, maxy) + .rio.reproject("EPSG:3035") + ) + result["river_discharge"] = river_discharge + + # Load and concatenate ambient temperature files using open_mfdataset + ambient_temperature = xr.open_mfdataset( + temp_files, + chunks={"time": -1, "lat": 990, "lon": 1510}, + concat_dim="time", + combine="nested", + )["ta6"] + + # Select time range that covers our snapshots (using native HERA resolution) + ambient_temperature = ambient_temperature.sel(time=slice(start_time, end_time)) + + # Process ambient temperature data + ambient_temperature = ( + ambient_temperature.rename({"lat": "latitude", "lon": "longitude"}) + .rio.write_crs("EPSG:4326") + .rio.clip_box(minx, miny, maxx, maxy) + .rio.reproject("EPSG:3035") + ) + result["ambient_temperature"] = ambient_temperature + + return result + + +def _create_empty_datasets( + snapshots: pd.DatetimeIndex, center_lon: float, center_lat: float +) -> tuple[xr.Dataset, xr.Dataset]: + """ + Create empty spatial and temporal aggregate datasets for regions without DH areas. + + When a region has no intersection with district heating areas, we still need + to provide valid datasets with zero values to maintain consistent data structure + across all regions. This prevents errors in downstream processing. + + Parameters + ---------- + snapshots : pd.DatetimeIndex + Time snapshots for the spatial aggregate + center_lon : float + Longitude of region center (for fallback coordinate) + center_lat : float + Latitude of region center (for fallback coordinate) + + Returns + ------- + tuple[xr.Dataset, xr.Dataset] + Tuple of (spatial_aggregate, temporal_aggregate) datasets with zero values + """ + # Create spatial aggregate with time-series of zeros + # This represents no available river heat power/temperature over time + spatial_aggregate = xr.Dataset( + data_vars={ + "total_power": xr.DataArray( + np.zeros(len(snapshots)), # Zero power for all timestamps + dims=["time"], + coords={"time": snapshots}, + ), + "average_temperature": xr.DataArray( + np.zeros(len(snapshots)), # Zero temperature for all timestamps + dims=["time"], + coords={"time": snapshots}, + ), + } + ) + + # Create temporal aggregate with single spatial point of zeros + # This represents no available river heat energy/temperature spatially + temporal_aggregate = xr.Dataset( + data_vars={ + "total_energy": xr.DataArray( + [[0.0]], # Zero energy at region center + dims=["longitude", "latitude"], + coords={"longitude": [center_lon], "latitude": [center_lat]}, + ), + "average_temperature": xr.DataArray( + [[0.0]], # Zero temperature at region center + dims=["longitude", "latitude"], + coords={"longitude": [center_lon], "latitude": [center_lat]}, + ), + } + ) + + return spatial_aggregate, temporal_aggregate + + +def get_regional_result( + hera_inputs: dict, + region: gpd.GeoSeries, + dh_areas: gpd.GeoDataFrame, + snapshots: pd.DatetimeIndex, + enable_heat_source_maps: bool = False, +) -> dict[str, xr.Dataset]: + """ + Calculate river water heat potential for a given region and district heating areas. + + Parameters + ---------- + hera_inputs : dict + Dictionary containing HERA input file paths with year-specific keys. + region : geopandas.GeoSeries + Geographical region for which to compute the heat potential. + dh_areas : geopandas.GeoDataFrame + District heating areas to intersect with the region. + snapshots : pd.DatetimeIndex + Time snapshots, used for loading data and for regions without dh_areas + enable_heat_source_maps : bool, default False + Whether to enable heat source mapping. + + Returns + ------- + dict + Dictionary with keys 'spatial aggregate' and 'temporal aggregate'. + 'spatial aggregate' contains total power and average temperature. + 'temporal aggregate' contains time series for energy and temperature (for analysis/plotting). + """ + # Store original region for fallback centroid calculation + original_region = region.copy() + + # Intersect region with district heating areas + intersected_geometry = gpd.overlay( + region.to_frame(), + dh_areas, + how="intersection", + ).union_all() + + region.geometry = intersected_geometry + + # Handle empty geometry case (no intersection with DH areas) + # This occurs when a region has no district heating area + # Note: the region could still have district heating, as central heat demand is computed elsewhere + if region.geometry.is_empty.any(): + # Get the center of the original region (before intersection) + # We use the original region to get a meaningful coordinate for the empty datasets + # Project to EPSG:3035 for accurate centroid calculation, then back to EPSG:4326 + region_center = ( + original_region.to_crs("EPSG:3035").centroid.to_crs("EPSG:4326").iloc[0] + ) + center_lon = region_center.x + center_lat = region_center.y + + # Return zero-filled datasets with proper structure + spatial_aggregate, temporal_aggregate = _create_empty_datasets( + snapshots, center_lon, center_lat + ) + + return { + "spatial aggregate": spatial_aggregate, + "temporal aggregate": temporal_aggregate, + } + + # Process region with valid DH area intersection + # Get bounding box for efficient data clipping + minx, miny, maxx, maxy = region.total_bounds + + # Data processing strategy: + # 1. Load HERA discharge and temperature data + # 2. Clip to region bounds for efficiency + # 3. Reproject to EPSG:3035 for accurate spatial calculations + # 4. Feed to approximator for heat potential calculation + + # Load and concatenate HERA data for all required years with preprocessing + hera_data = load_hera_data(hera_inputs, snapshots, minx, miny, maxx, maxy) + river_discharge = hera_data["river_discharge"] + ambient_temperature = hera_data["ambient_temperature"] + + # Reproject region to match data CRS for spatial calculations + region = region.to_crs("EPSG:3035") + + river_water_heat_approximator = RiverWaterHeatApproximator( + volume_flow=river_discharge, # River discharge (volume flow) + ambient_temperature=ambient_temperature, # Air temperature + region=region, # Geographic region of interest + ) + + # Calculate spatial aggregate (time series data for the entire region) + # Contains total_power [MW] and average_temperature [°C] over time + spatial_aggregate = river_water_heat_approximator.get_spatial_aggregate() + + # Calculate temporal aggregate only if needed (spatial distribution data for plotting, no time dimension) + if enable_heat_source_maps: + temporal_aggregate = ( + river_water_heat_approximator.get_temporal_aggregate() + .rio.reproject("EPSG:4326") # Convert back to WGS84 for output consistency + .rename({"x": "longitude", "y": "latitude"}) # Standardize coordinate names + ) + temporal_aggregate = temporal_aggregate.compute() + else: + temporal_aggregate = None + + # Compute results immediately to free Dask arrays and enable garbage collection + spatial_aggregate = spatial_aggregate.compute() + + # Explicitly delete approximator and intermediate arrays + del river_water_heat_approximator + del river_discharge, ambient_temperature + gc.collect() + + result = { + "spatial aggregate": spatial_aggregate, + } + + # Only include temporal aggregate if computed + if temporal_aggregate is not None: + result["temporal aggregate"] = temporal_aggregate + if enable_heat_source_maps: + del temporal_aggregate + + return result + + +def set_dask_chunk_size( + n_threads: int, # Number of threads per worker, + memory_mb: int, # Memory per worker in MB + memory_safety_factor=MEMORY_SAFETY_FACTOR, + n_datasets: int = 2, # ambient temperature and river discharge datasets + operation_multiplier: int = 3, # Multiplier for operation overhead +) -> None: + """ + Set the Dask chunk size based on available memory and number of threads. + This function calculates the chunk size for Dask arrays to optimize memory usage + """ + + chunk_size = ( + memory_mb * memory_safety_factor / n_threads / n_datasets / operation_multiplier + ) + dask.config.set({"array.chunk-size": f"{chunk_size}MB"}) + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + if "snakemake" not in globals(): + from _helpers import mock_snakemake + + snakemake = mock_snakemake( + "build_river_water_heat_potential", + clusters="39", + opts="", + ll="vopt", + sector_opts="", + planning_horizons=2050, + ) + + # Configure logging and scenario + configure_logging(snakemake) + set_scenario_config(snakemake) + update_config_from_wildcards(snakemake.config, snakemake.wildcards) + + # Get simulation snapshots + snapshots: pd.DatetimeIndex = get_snapshots( + snakemake.params.snapshots, snakemake.params.drop_leap_day + ) + + # Load regions and district heating areas + regions_onshore = gpd.read_file(snakemake.input["regions_onshore"]) + regions_onshore.set_index("name", inplace=True) + regions_onshore = regions_onshore.to_crs("EPSG:4326") + + dh_areas = gpd.read_file(snakemake.input["dh_areas"]).to_crs("EPSG:3035") + # Buffer district heating areas by specified amount + dh_areas["geometry"] = dh_areas.geometry.buffer(snakemake.params.dh_area_buffer) + dh_areas = dh_areas.to_crs("EPSG:4326") + + # Configure Dask for multi-threading within operations (no distributed cluster) + dask.config.set(scheduler="threads") # Use threaded scheduler + dask.config.set(num_workers=snakemake.threads) # Use specified number of threads + + set_dask_chunk_size( + n_threads=snakemake.threads, memory_mb=snakemake.resources.mem_mb + ) + + # Process regions sequentially but with multi-threaded Dask operations + results = [] + for i, region_name in enumerate(regions_onshore.index, 1): + # Extract region geometry and create a copy to avoid modification conflicts + region = gpd.GeoSeries(regions_onshore.loc[region_name].copy(deep=True)) + + # Process region with multi-threaded Dask operations + result = get_regional_result( + hera_inputs=dict(snakemake.input), + region=region, + dh_areas=dh_areas, + snapshots=snapshots, + enable_heat_source_maps=snakemake.params.enable_heat_source_maps, + ) + results.append(result) + + # Explicit cleanup to free memory between regions + del result, region + gc.collect() + + # Build DataFrame of total power for each region + # Regions as columns and time as rows + power = pd.DataFrame( + { + region_name: res["spatial aggregate"]["total_power"].to_pandas() + for region_name, res in zip(regions_onshore.index, results) + } + ).dropna() + + power = power.reindex( + snapshots, method="nearest" + ) # Use "nearest" method to handle any minor timestamp differences due to floating point precision + + # Save power potentials in MW + power.to_csv(snakemake.output.heat_source_power) + + # Concatenate average temperature for all regions into single dataset + temperature = ( + xr.concat( + [res["spatial aggregate"]["average_temperature"] for res in results], + dim="name", + ) + .assign_coords(name=regions_onshore.index) + .dropna(dim="time") + ) + + # Align temperature data to snapshots, use nearest to handle any minor decimal differences + temperature = temperature.sel(time=snapshots, method="nearest").assign_coords( + time=snapshots + ) + + # Save temperature profiles as NetCDF for heat pump COP calculations + # Units: °C (degrees Celsius) + temperature.to_netcdf(snakemake.output.heat_source_temperature) + + # Save temporal aggregate results for analysis and visualization (if enabled) + if snakemake.params.enable_heat_source_maps: + # Energy temporal aggregate: spatial distribution of available energy + # Units: MWh (megawatt-hours) - total energy potential per location + xr.concat( + [res["temporal aggregate"]["total_energy"] for res in results], + dim=regions_onshore.index, + ).to_netcdf(snakemake.output.heat_source_energy_temporal_aggregate) + + # Temperature temporal aggregate: spatial distribution of temperatures + # Units: °C (degrees Celsius) - average temperature per location + xr.concat( + [res["temporal aggregate"]["average_temperature"] for res in results], + dim=regions_onshore.index, + ).to_netcdf(snakemake.output.heat_source_temperature_temporal_aggregate) + + else: + # Create empty placeholder files to satisfy Snakemake outputs + empty_ds = xr.Dataset() + empty_ds.to_netcdf(snakemake.output.heat_source_energy_temporal_aggregate) + empty_ds.to_netcdf(snakemake.output.heat_source_temperature_temporal_aggregate) diff --git a/scripts/build_surface_water_heat_potentials/build_sea_water_heat_potential.py b/scripts/build_surface_water_heat_potentials/build_sea_water_heat_potential.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a44e4a5c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/scripts/build_surface_water_heat_potentials/build_sea_water_heat_potential.py @@ -0,0 +1,311 @@ +# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Contributors to PyPSA-Eur +# +# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT +""" +Calculate sea water heat potential for district heating systems. + +This script computes the thermal potential of sea water as a heat source for district +heating applications. It uses sea water temperature data to estimate average water +temperatures across regions intersected with district heating areas. + +The approximation accounts for spatial variations in sea water temperature, +providing both spatial and temporal aggregates. Temporal aggregates are only used for plotting. + +Relevant Settings +----------------- + +.. code:: yaml + + sector: + district_heating: + dh_area_buffer: # Buffer around DH areas in meters to include nearby coastal areas + heat_source_cooling: # Exploitable temperature delta + snapshots: + start: + end: + enable: + drop_leap_day: + +Inputs +------ +- `data/seawater_temperature.nc`: Sea water temperature data +- `resources//regions_onshore_base_s_{clusters}.geojson`: Onshore regions +- `resources//dh_areas_base_s_{clusters}.geojson`: District heating areas + +Outputs +------- +- `resources//temp_sea_water_base_s_{clusters}.nc`: Sea water temperature profiles by region +- `resources//temp_sea_water_base_s_{clusters}_temporal_aggregate.nc`: Temporal aggregated temperature data +""" + +import logging + +import geopandas as gpd +import numpy as np +import pandas as pd +import xarray as xr +from _helpers import ( + configure_logging, + get_snapshots, + set_scenario_config, + update_config_from_wildcards, +) +from approximators.sea_water_heat_approximator import SeaWaterHeatApproximator + +logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) + + +def _create_empty_datasets( + snapshots: pd.DatetimeIndex, center_lon: float, center_lat: float +) -> tuple[xr.Dataset, xr.Dataset]: + """ + Create empty spatial and temporal aggregate datasets for regions without DH areas. + + When a region has no intersection with district heating areas, we still need + to provide valid datasets with zero values to maintain consistent data structure + across all regions. This prevents errors in downstream processing. + + Parameters + ---------- + snapshots : pd.DatetimeIndex + Time snapshots for the spatial aggregate + center_lon : float + Longitude of region center (for fallback coordinate) + center_lat : float + Latitude of region center (for fallback coordinate) + + Returns + ------- + tuple[xr.Dataset, xr.Dataset] + Tuple of (spatial_aggregate, temporal_aggregate) datasets with zero values + """ + # Create spatial aggregate with time-series of zeros + # This represents no available sea water temperature over time + spatial_aggregate = xr.Dataset( + data_vars={ + "average_temperature": xr.DataArray( + np.zeros(len(snapshots)), # Zero temperature for all timestamps + dims=["time"], + coords={"time": snapshots}, + ), + } + ) + + # Create temporal aggregate with single spatial point of zeros + # This represents no available sea water temperature spatially + temporal_aggregate = xr.Dataset( + data_vars={ + "average_temperature": xr.DataArray( + [[0.0]], # Zero temperature at region center + dims=["longitude", "latitude"], + coords={"longitude": [center_lon], "latitude": [center_lat]}, + ), + } + ) + + return spatial_aggregate, temporal_aggregate + + +def get_regional_result( + seawater_temperature_fn: str, + region: gpd.GeoSeries, + dh_areas: gpd.GeoDataFrame, + snapshots: pd.DatetimeIndex, +) -> dict[str, xr.Dataset]: + """ + Calculate sea water heat potential for a given region and district heating areas. + + Parameters + ---------- + seawater_temperature_fn : str + Path to NetCDF file containing sea water temperature data. + region : geopandas.GeoSeries + Geographical region for which to compute the heat potential. + dh_areas : geopandas.GeoDataFrame + District heating areas to intersect with the region. + snapshots : pd.DatetimeIndex + Time snapshots, used only for regions without dh_areas + + Returns + ------- + dict[str, xr.Dataset] + Dictionary with keys 'spatial aggregate' and 'temporal aggregate'. + 'spatial aggregate' contains average temperature. + 'temporal aggregate' contains temperature for analysis/plotting. + """ + # Store original region for fallback centroid calculation + original_region = region.copy() + + # Intersect region with district heating areas + intersected_geometry = gpd.overlay( + region.to_frame(), + dh_areas, + how="intersection", + ).union_all() + + region.geometry = intersected_geometry + + # Handle empty geometry case (no intersection with DH areas) + # This occurs when a region has no district heating area + # Note: the region could still have district heating, as central heat demand is computed elsewhere + if region.geometry.is_empty.any(): + # Get the center of the original region (before intersection) + # We use the original region to get a meaningful coordinate for the empty datasets + # Project to EPSG:3035 for accurate centroid calculation, then back to EPSG:4326 + region_center = ( + original_region.to_crs("EPSG:3035").centroid.to_crs("EPSG:4326").iloc[0] + ) + center_lon = region_center.x + center_lat = region_center.y + + # Return zero-filled datasets with proper structure + spatial_aggregate, temporal_aggregate = _create_empty_datasets( + snapshots, center_lon, center_lat + ) + + return { + "spatial aggregate": spatial_aggregate, + "temporal aggregate": temporal_aggregate, + } + + # Process region with valid DH area intersection + # Get bounding box for efficient data clipping + minx, miny, maxx, maxy = region.total_bounds + + # Load and preprocess sea water temperature data + water_temperature = ( + xr.open_mfdataset( + seawater_temperature_fn, + chunks={ + "time": "auto", + "latitude": "auto", + "longitude": "auto", + "depth": 1, + }, + )["thetao"] + .mean(dim="depth") + .rio.write_crs("EPSG:4326") + .rio.clip_box(minx, miny, maxx, maxy) + .rio.reproject("EPSG:3035") + ) + + # Reproject region to match data CRS for spatial calculations + region = region.to_crs("EPSG:3035") + + seawater_heat_approximator = SeaWaterHeatApproximator( + water_temperature=water_temperature, + region=region, + ) + + # Calculate spatial aggregate (time series data for the entire region) + # Contains average_temperature [°C] over time + spatial_aggregate = seawater_heat_approximator.get_spatial_aggregate() + + # Calculate temporal aggregate (spatial distribution data for plotting, no time dimension) + temporal_aggregate = ( + seawater_heat_approximator.get_temporal_aggregate() + .rio.reproject("EPSG:4326") # Convert back to WGS84 for output consistency + .rename({"x": "longitude", "y": "latitude"}) + ) + + # Compute results immediately to free Dask arrays + spatial_aggregate = spatial_aggregate.compute() + temporal_aggregate = temporal_aggregate.compute() + + return { + "spatial aggregate": spatial_aggregate, + "temporal aggregate": temporal_aggregate, + } + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + if "snakemake" not in globals(): + from _helpers import mock_snakemake + + snakemake = mock_snakemake( + "build_sea_heat_potential", + clusters="39", + opts="", + ll="vopt", + sector_opts="", + planning_horizons=2050, + ) + + # Configure logging and scenario + configure_logging(snakemake) + set_scenario_config(snakemake) + update_config_from_wildcards(snakemake.config, snakemake.wildcards) + + # Get simulation snapshots + snapshots: pd.DatetimeIndex = get_snapshots( + snakemake.params.snapshots, snakemake.params.drop_leap_day + ) + + # Load geographic data for processing + # Load onshore regions (countries/NUTS regions) for sea water analysis + regions_onshore = gpd.read_file(snakemake.input["regions_onshore"]) + regions_onshore.set_index("name", inplace=True) # Use region name as index + regions_onshore.set_crs("EPSG:4326", inplace=True) # Ensure WGS84 CRS + + # Load and preprocess district heating areas + # These define where sea water heat pumps could be connected + dh_areas = gpd.read_file(snakemake.input["dh_areas"]).to_crs("EPSG:3035") + # Buffer DH areas to account for reasonable transport distances + # This allows sea water access even if DH areas don't directly touch the coast + dh_areas["geometry"] = dh_areas.geometry.buffer(snakemake.params.dh_area_buffer) + dh_areas = dh_areas.to_crs("EPSG:4326") # Convert back to WGS84 for intersection + + # Each region is processed independently to calculate its sea water temperature + results = [] + for region_name in regions_onshore.index: + logging.info(f"Processing region {region_name}") + + # Extract region geometry and create a copy to avoid modification conflicts + region = gpd.GeoSeries(regions_onshore.loc[region_name].copy(deep=True)) + + # Submit region processing task to Dask cluster + # Each task will: + # 1. Intersect region with DH areas (coastal access check) + # 2. Load and clip sea water temperature data to region bounds + # 3. Calculate temperature profiles using approximator + results.append( + get_regional_result( + seawater_temperature_fn=[ + val + for key, val in dict(snakemake.input).items() + if key.startswith("seawater_temperature") + ], + region=region, + dh_areas=dh_areas, + snapshots=snapshots, + ) + ) + + # Concatenate average temperature for all regions into single dataset + # This creates a 2D array: [time, regions] with sea water temperature values + temperature = ( + xr.concat( + [res["spatial aggregate"]["average_temperature"] for res in results], + dim="name", + ) + .assign_coords(name=regions_onshore.index) + .dropna(dim="time") + ) # Remove invalid time points + + # Align temperature data to simulation snapshots + # Use "nearest" method to handle any minor timestamp differences + temperature = temperature.sel(time=snapshots, method="nearest").assign_coords( + time=snapshots + ) + + # Save temperature profiles as NetCDF for heat pump COP calculations + # Units: °C (degrees Celsius) - sea water temperature for coastal heat pumps + temperature.to_netcdf(snakemake.output.heat_source_temperature) + + # Temperature temporal aggregate: spatial distribution of sea water temperatures + # Units: °C (degrees Celsius) - average water temperature per coastal region + # Used for analysis and plotting + xr.concat( + [res["temporal aggregate"]["average_temperature"] for res in results], + dim=regions_onshore.index, + ).to_netcdf(snakemake.output.heat_source_temperature_temporal_aggregate) diff --git a/scripts/build_transmission_projects.py b/scripts/build_transmission_projects.py index 1d164ac27..e5c540c71 100644 --- a/scripts/build_transmission_projects.py +++ b/scripts/build_transmission_projects.py @@ -37,10 +37,13 @@ from scipy import spatial from shapely.geometry import LineString, Point -from scripts._helpers import configure_logging, set_scenario_config +from scripts._helpers import PYPSA_V1, configure_logging, set_scenario_config logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) +if PYPSA_V1: + pypsa.options.params.add.return_names = True + def add_new_buses(n, new_ports): # Add new buses for the ports which do not have an existing bus close by. If there are multiple ports at the same location, only one bus is added. diff --git a/scripts/build_transport_demand.py b/scripts/build_transport_demand.py index 1f31b2369..057a014dc 100644 --- a/scripts/build_transport_demand.py +++ b/scripts/build_transport_demand.py @@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import numpy as np import pandas as pd +import pypsa import xarray as xr from scripts._helpers import ( @@ -184,7 +185,8 @@ def bev_dsm_profile(snapshots, nodes, options): snakemake.params.snapshots, snakemake.params.drop_leap_day, tz="UTC" ) - nyears = len(snapshots) / 8760 + n = pypsa.Network(snakemake.input.network) + nyears = n.snapshot_weightings.generators.sum() / 8760.0 energy_totals_year = snakemake.params.energy_totals_year nodal_transport_data = build_nodal_transport_data( diff --git a/scripts/clean_osm_data.py b/scripts/clean_osm_data.py index 5455fdccb..28623fb56 100644 --- a/scripts/clean_osm_data.py +++ b/scripts/clean_osm_data.py @@ -556,7 +556,7 @@ def _create_single_link(row): If the longest link is a MultiLineString, it extracts the longest linestring from it. The resulting single link is returned. """ - valid_roles = ["line", "cable"] + valid_roles = ["line", "cable", "section"] df = pd.json_normalize(row["members"]) df = df[df["role"].isin(valid_roles)] df.loc[:, "geometry"] = df.apply(_create_linestring, axis=1) diff --git a/scripts/cluster_network.py b/scripts/cluster_network.py index 27a16b657..d4abf9ba0 100644 --- a/scripts/cluster_network.py +++ b/scripts/cluster_network.py @@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ def busmap_from_shapes( else: shapes = shapes.set_index(cluster_names) points = gpd.points_from_xy(**buses[["x", "y"]], crs=GEO_CRS) - coords = gpd.GeoDataFrame(geometry=points, index=buses.index) + coords = gpd.GeoDataFrame(geometry=points, index=buses.index.rename("Index")) busmap = gpd.sjoin(coords, shapes, how="left")[cluster_names].rename("busmap") if busmap.isnull().any(): diff --git a/scripts/definitions/heat_system.py b/scripts/definitions/heat_system.py index 7d48303c2..6dc043f51 100644 --- a/scripts/definitions/heat_system.py +++ b/scripts/definitions/heat_system.py @@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ def heat_pump_costs_name(self, heat_source: str) -> str: str The name for the heat pump costs. """ - if heat_source in ["ptes", "geothermal"]: + if heat_source in ["ptes", "geothermal", "sea_water", "river_water"]: return f"{self.central_or_decentral} excess-heat-sourced heat pump" else: return f"{self.central_or_decentral} {heat_source}-sourced heat pump" @@ -285,3 +285,16 @@ def oil_boiler_costs_name(self) -> str: The name for the oil boiler costs. """ return "decentral oil boiler" + + @property + def biomass_boiler_costs_name(self) -> str: + """ + Generates the name for the biomass boiler costs based on the heat system. + Used to retrieve data from `technology-data `. + + Returns + ------- + str + The name for the biomass boiler costs. + """ + return "biomass boiler" diff --git a/scripts/make_cumulative_costs.py b/scripts/make_cumulative_costs.py index 2ad00c29f..223787f88 100644 --- a/scripts/make_cumulative_costs.py +++ b/scripts/make_cumulative_costs.py @@ -10,6 +10,12 @@ import numpy as np import pandas as pd +try: + from numpy import trapezoid +except ImportError: + # before numpy 2.0 + from numpy import trapz as trapezoid + from scripts._helpers import configure_logging, set_scenario_config idx = pd.IndexSlice @@ -34,7 +40,7 @@ def calculate_cumulative_cost(costs, planning_horizons): for cluster in cumulative_cost.index.get_level_values(level=0).unique(): for sector_opts in cumulative_cost.index.get_level_values(level=1).unique(): cumulative_cost.loc[(cluster, sector_opts, "cumulative cost"), r] = ( - np.trapz( + trapezoid( cumulative_cost.loc[ idx[cluster, sector_opts, planning_horizons], r ].values, diff --git a/scripts/make_summary.py b/scripts/make_summary.py index bf060215f..63d962544 100644 --- a/scripts/make_summary.py +++ b/scripts/make_summary.py @@ -316,8 +316,8 @@ def calculate_market_values(n: pypsa.Network) -> pd.Series: assign_carriers(n) assign_locations(n) - pypsa.options.params.statistics.nice_names = False - pypsa.options.params.statistics.drop_zero = False + pypsa.set_option("params.statistics.nice_names", False) + pypsa.set_option("params.statistics.drop_zero", False) for output in OUTPUTS: globals()["calculate_" + output](n).to_csv(snakemake.output[output]) diff --git a/scripts/make_summary_perfect.py b/scripts/make_summary_perfect.py index 78c2f79c7..d8b4e4c6b 100644 --- a/scripts/make_summary_perfect.py +++ b/scripts/make_summary_perfect.py @@ -13,8 +13,13 @@ from pypsa.descriptors import get_active_assets from six import iteritems -from scripts._helpers import set_scenario_config -from scripts.add_electricity import load_costs +try: + from numpy import trapezoid +except ImportError: + # before numpy 2.0 + from numpy import trapz as trapezoid + +from scripts._helpers import load_costs, set_scenario_config from scripts.make_summary import ( assign_carriers, assign_locations, @@ -141,7 +146,7 @@ def calculate_cumulative_cost(): for cluster in cumulative_cost.index.get_level_values(level=0).unique(): for sector_opts in cumulative_cost.index.get_level_values(level=1).unique(): cumulative_cost.loc[(cluster, sector_opts, "cumulative cost"), r] = ( - np.trapz( + trapezoid( cumulative_cost.loc[ idx[cluster, sector_opts, planning_horizons], r ].values, @@ -727,12 +732,7 @@ def to_csv(df): print(networks_dict) - nyears = 1 - costs_db = load_costs( - snakemake.input.costs, - snakemake.config["costs"], - nyears=nyears, - ) + costs_db = load_costs(snakemake.input.costs) df = make_summaries(networks_dict) diff --git a/scripts/plot_balance_map.py b/scripts/plot_balance_map.py index 8d79e5c28..d09c49ec9 100644 --- a/scripts/plot_balance_map.py +++ b/scripts/plot_balance_map.py @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ # # SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT """ -Create energy balance maps for the defined carriers. +Create static energy balance maps for the defined carriers using`n.plot()`. """ import geopandas as gpd @@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ snakemake = mock_snakemake( "plot_balance_map", - clusters="10", + clusters="50", opts="", sector_opts="", planning_horizons="2050", @@ -43,13 +43,17 @@ n = pypsa.Network(snakemake.input.network) sanitize_carriers(n, snakemake.config) - pypsa.options.params.statistics.round = 3 - pypsa.options.params.statistics.drop_zero = True - pypsa.options.params.statistics.nice_names = False + pypsa.set_option("params.statistics.round", 8) + pypsa.set_option("params.statistics.drop_zero", True) + pypsa.set_option("params.statistics.nice_names", False) regions = gpd.read_file(snakemake.input.regions).set_index("name") config = snakemake.params.plotting carrier = snakemake.wildcards.carrier + settings = snakemake.params.settings + carrier = carrier.replace( + "_", " " + ) # needed for slurm environment where [space] is not allowed # fill empty colors or "" with light grey mask = n.carriers.color.isna() | n.carriers.color.eq("") @@ -61,8 +65,8 @@ # get balance map plotting parameters boundaries = config["map"]["boundaries"] - config = config["balance_map"][carrier] - conversion = config["unit_conversion"] + unit_conversion = settings["unit_conversion"] + branch_color = settings.get("branch_color") or "darkseagreen" if carrier not in n.buses.carrier.unique(): raise ValueError( @@ -91,7 +95,7 @@ eb.loc[components] = eb.loc[components].drop(index=carriers_in_eb, level="carrier") eb = eb.dropna() - bus_sizes = eb.groupby(level=["bus", "carrier"]).sum().div(conversion) + bus_sizes = eb.groupby(level=["bus", "carrier"]).sum().div(unit_conversion) bus_sizes = bus_sizes.sort_values(ascending=False) # Get colors for carriers @@ -106,7 +110,9 @@ ) # line and links widths according to optimal capacity - flow = n.statistics.transmission(groupby=False, bus_carrier=carrier).div(conversion) + flow = n.statistics.transmission(groupby=False, bus_carrier=carrier).div( + unit_conversion + ) if not flow.empty: flow_reversed_mask = flow.index.get_level_values(1).str.contains("reversed") @@ -121,9 +127,9 @@ link_widths = flow.get("Link", fallback).abs() # define maximal size of buses and branch width - bus_size_factor = config["bus_factor"] - branch_width_factor = config["branch_factor"] - flow_size_factor = config["flow_factor"] + bus_size_factor = settings["bus_factor"] + branch_width_factor = settings["branch_factor"] + flow_size_factor = settings["flow_factor"] # get prices per region as colormap buses = n.buses.query("carrier in @carrier").index @@ -139,16 +145,16 @@ # if only one price is available, use this price for all regions if price.size == 1: regions["price"] = price.values[0] - shift = round(price.values[0] / 20, 0) + shift = round(abs(price.values[0]) / 20, 0) else: regions["price"] = price.reindex(regions.index).fillna(0) shift = 0 vmin, vmax = regions.price.min() - shift, regions.price.max() + shift - if config["vmin"] is not None: - vmin = config["vmin"] - if config["vmax"] is not None: - vmax = config["vmax"] + if settings["vmin"] is not None: + vmin = settings["vmin"] + if settings["vmax"] is not None: + vmax = settings["vmax"] crs = load_projection(snakemake.params.plotting) @@ -170,12 +176,13 @@ link_widths=link_widths * branch_width_factor, line_flow=line_flow * flow_size_factor if line_flow is not None else None, link_flow=link_flow * flow_size_factor if link_flow is not None else None, + link_color=branch_color, transformer_flow=transformer_flow * flow_size_factor if transformer_flow is not None else None, ax=ax, margin=0.2, - color_geomap={"border": "darkgrey", "coastline": "darkgrey"}, + geomap_colors={"border": "darkgrey", "coastline": "darkgrey"}, geomap=True, boundaries=boundaries, ) @@ -183,7 +190,7 @@ regions.to_crs(crs.proj4_init).plot( ax=ax, column="price", - cmap=config["cmap"], + cmap=settings["cmap"], vmin=vmin, vmax=vmax, edgecolor="None", @@ -194,8 +201,8 @@ # Add colorbar norm = plt.Normalize(vmin=vmin, vmax=vmax) - sm = plt.cm.ScalarMappable(cmap=config["cmap"], norm=norm) - price_unit = config["region_unit"] + sm = plt.cm.ScalarMappable(cmap=settings["cmap"], norm=norm) + price_unit = settings["region_unit"] cbr = fig.colorbar( sm, ax=ax, @@ -265,8 +272,8 @@ def get_total_abs(carrier, sign): ) # Add bus legend - legend_bus_sizes = config["bus_sizes"] - carrier_unit = config["unit"] + legend_bus_sizes = settings["bus_sizes"] + unit = settings["unit"] if legend_bus_sizes is not None: add_legend_semicircles( ax, @@ -274,7 +281,7 @@ def get_total_abs(carrier, sign): s * bus_size_factor * SEMICIRCLE_CORRECTION_FACTOR for s in legend_bus_sizes ], - [f"{s} {carrier_unit}" for s in legend_bus_sizes], + [f"{s} {unit}" for s in legend_bus_sizes], patch_kw={"color": "#666"}, legend_kw={ "bbox_to_anchor": (0, 1), @@ -283,12 +290,12 @@ def get_total_abs(carrier, sign): ) # Add branch legend - legend_branch_sizes = config["branch_sizes"] + legend_branch_sizes = settings["branch_sizes"] if legend_branch_sizes is not None: add_legend_lines( ax, [s * branch_width_factor for s in legend_branch_sizes], - [f"{s} {carrier_unit}" for s in legend_branch_sizes], + [f"{s} {unit}" for s in legend_branch_sizes], patch_kw={"color": "#666"}, legend_kw={"bbox_to_anchor": (0.25, 1), **legend_kwargs}, ) diff --git a/scripts/plot_balance_map_interactive.py b/scripts/plot_balance_map_interactive.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..14078bb18 --- /dev/null +++ b/scripts/plot_balance_map_interactive.py @@ -0,0 +1,258 @@ +# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Contributors to PyPSA-Eur +# +# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT +""" +Create interactive energy balance maps for the defined carriers using `n.explore()`. +""" + +import geopandas as gpd +import matplotlib.colors as mcolors +import matplotlib.pyplot as plt +import pydeck as pdk +import pypsa +from pypsa.plot.maps.interactive import PydeckPlotter +from pypsa.statistics import get_transmission_carriers + +from scripts._helpers import ( + configure_logging, + set_scenario_config, + update_config_from_wildcards, +) +from scripts.add_electricity import sanitize_carriers + +VALID_MAP_STYLES = PydeckPlotter.VALID_MAP_STYLES + + +def scalar_to_rgba( + value: float, + *, + norm: mcolors.Normalize, + cmap: mcolors.Colormap, + alpha: float = 1.0, +) -> list[int]: + """ + Map a scalar float value to an RGBA color encoded as 8-bit integers. + + Parameters + ---------- + value : float + Scalar input to map through the normalization and colormap. + norm : matplotlib.colors.Normalize + Normalization defining vmin and vmax used for scaling. + cmap : matplotlib.colors.Colormap + Colormap used to convert normalized values to RGBA colors. + alpha : float, optional (default = 1.0) + Opacity in the range [0, 1]. Overrides the colormap's alpha. + + Returns + ------- + List[int] + A list ``[R, G, B, A]`` where each channel is an integer in the 0–255 range. + """ + + # Clamp to normalization bounds + p = max(norm.vmin, min(norm.vmax, value)) + + # Convert to RGBA floats (0–1) + r, g, b, _ = cmap(norm(p)) + + # Clamp and apply alpha + a = alpha if 0.0 <= alpha <= 1.0 else 1.0 + + # Convert to 8-bit integers + return [ + int(r * 255), + int(g * 255), + int(b * 255), + int(a * 255), + ] + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + if "snakemake" not in globals(): + from scripts._helpers import mock_snakemake + + snakemake = mock_snakemake( + "plot_balance_map_interactive", + clusters=50, + opts="", + sector_opts="", + planning_horizons="2050", + carrier="H2", + ) + + configure_logging(snakemake) + set_scenario_config(snakemake) + update_config_from_wildcards(snakemake.config, snakemake.wildcards) + + # Interactive map settings + settings = snakemake.params.settings + unit_conversion = settings["unit_conversion"] + cmap = settings["cmap"] + region_alpha = settings["region_alpha"] + region_unit = settings["region_unit"] + branch_color = settings["branch_color"] + arrow_size_factor = settings["arrow_size_factor"] + bus_size_max = settings["bus_size_max"] + branch_width_max = settings["branch_width_max"] + map_style = settings.get("map_style") + map_style = VALID_MAP_STYLES.get(map_style, "road") + tooltip = settings["tooltip"] + + # Import + n = pypsa.Network(snakemake.input.network) + sanitize_carriers(n, snakemake.config) + pypsa.options.params.statistics.round = 8 + pypsa.options.params.statistics.drop_zero = True + pypsa.options.params.statistics.nice_names = False + + regions = gpd.read_file(snakemake.input.regions).set_index("name") + carrier = snakemake.wildcards.carrier + carrier = carrier.replace("_", " ") + + # Fill missing carrier colors + missing_color = "#808080" + b_missing = n.carriers.query("color == '' or color.isnull()").index + n.carriers.loc[b_missing, "color"] = missing_color + + transmission_carriers = get_transmission_carriers(n, bus_carrier=carrier).rename( + {"name": "carrier"} + ) + components = transmission_carriers.unique("component") + carriers = transmission_carriers.unique("carrier") + + ### Pie charts + eb = n.statistics.energy_balance( + bus_carrier=carrier, + groupby=["bus", "carrier"], + ) + + # Only carriers that are also in the energy balance + carriers_in_eb = carriers[carriers.isin(eb.index.get_level_values("carrier"))] + + eb.loc[components] = eb.loc[components].drop(index=carriers_in_eb, level="carrier") + eb = eb.dropna() + bus_size = eb.groupby(level=["bus", "carrier"]).sum() + + # line and links widths according to optimal capacity + flow = n.statistics.transmission(groupby=False, bus_carrier=carrier) + if not flow.empty: + flow_reversed_mask = flow.index.get_level_values(1).str.contains("reversed") + flow_reversed = flow[flow_reversed_mask].rename( + lambda x: x.replace("-reversed", "") + ) + flow = flow[~flow_reversed_mask].subtract(flow_reversed, fill_value=0) + + # only line first index + line_flow = ( + flow.loc[flow.index.get_level_values(0).str.contains("Line")] + .copy() + .droplevel(0) + ) + link_flow = ( + flow.loc[flow.index.get_level_values(0).str.contains("Link")] + .copy() + .droplevel(0) + ) + + branch_components = ["Link"] + if carrier == "AC": + branch_components = ["Line", "Link"] + + ### Prices + buses = n.buses.query("carrier in @carrier").index + demand = ( + n.statistics.energy_balance( + bus_carrier=carrier, aggregate_time=False, groupby=["bus", "carrier"] + ) + .clip(lower=0) + .groupby("bus") + .sum() + .reindex(buses) + .rename(n.buses.location) + .T + ) + + weights = n.snapshot_weightings.generators + price = ( + weights + @ n.buses_t.marginal_price.reindex(buses, axis=1).rename( + n.buses.location, axis=1 + ) + / weights.sum() + ) + + if carrier == "co2 stored" and "CO2Limit" in n.global_constraints.index: + co2_price = n.global_constraints.loc["CO2Limit", "mu"] + price = price - co2_price + + # if only one price is available, use this price for all regions + if price.size == 1: + regions["price"] = price.values[0] + shift = round(abs(price.values[0]) / 20, 0) + else: + regions["price"] = price.reindex(regions.index).fillna(0) + shift = 0 + + vmin, vmax = regions.price.min() - shift, regions.price.max() + shift + if settings["vmin"] is not None: + vmin = settings["vmin"] + if settings["vmax"] is not None: + vmax = settings["vmax"] + + # Map colors + norm = mcolors.Normalize(vmin=vmin, vmax=vmax) + cmap = plt.get_cmap(cmap) + + regions["color"] = regions["price"].apply( + scalar_to_rgba, + norm=norm, + cmap=cmap, + alpha=region_alpha, + ) + + # Create tooltips + regions["tooltip_html"] = ( + "" + + regions.index + + "
" + + "Weighted price: " + + regions["price"].round(2).astype(str) + + " " + + region_unit + ) + # regions["tooltip_html"] = regions["price"].round(2).astype(str) + # Create layer + regions_layer = pdk.Layer( + "GeoJsonLayer", + regions, + stroked=True, + filled=True, + get_fill_color="color", + get_line_color=[255, 255, 255, 255], + line_width_min_pixels=1, + pickable=True, + auto_highlight=True, + ) + + map = n.explore( + branch_components=branch_components, + bus_size=bus_size.div(unit_conversion), + bus_split_circle=True, + line_width=line_flow.div(unit_conversion), + line_flow=line_flow.div(unit_conversion), + line_color="rosybrown", + link_width=link_flow.div(unit_conversion), + link_flow=link_flow.div(unit_conversion), + link_color=branch_color, + arrow_size_factor=arrow_size_factor, + tooltip=tooltip, + auto_scale=True, + branch_width_max=branch_width_max, + bus_size_max=bus_size_max, + map_style=map_style, + ) + + map.layers.insert(0, regions_layer) + + map.to_html(snakemake.output[0], offline=True) diff --git a/scripts/plot_cop_profiles/plot_cop_profiles.py b/scripts/plot_cop_profiles/plot_cop_profiles.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d2860fb7a --- /dev/null +++ b/scripts/plot_cop_profiles/plot_cop_profiles.py @@ -0,0 +1,462 @@ +# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Contributors to PyPSA-Eur +# +# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT + +""" +Plot coefficient of performance (COP) profiles for heat pumps in different regions. +Generates interactive HTML plots showing COP profiles for central heating. +""" + +import logging + +import numpy as np +import pandas as pd +import xarray as xr +from _helpers import configure_logging +from bokeh.io import output_file, save +from bokeh.layouts import column, row +from bokeh.models import ( + ColumnDataSource, + CustomJS, + Div, + HoverTool, + Select, +) +from bokeh.palettes import Category10 +from bokeh.plotting import figure +from bokeh.transform import dodge + +from scripts.definitions.heat_system_type import HeatSystemType + +logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) + + +def prepare_cop_data(cop_profiles, heat_system_type: HeatSystemType, region_dim="name"): + """ + Prepare COP data for plotting. + Handles 4-dimensional data (time, name, heat_source, heat_system) + and extracts data for the specified heat system type. + + Parameters + ---------- + cop_profiles : xarray.Dataset or xarray.DataArray + COP profiles dataset or data array + heat_system : str + Heat system type to filter for (e.g., "urban central") + + Returns + ------- + pandas.DataFrame + Prepared COP data for plotting + pandas.DataFrame + Monthly average COP data for bar chart + list + List of region names (nodes) + list + List of heat source names + """ + # If we have a Dataset, convert to DataArray + if isinstance(cop_profiles, xr.Dataset): + # Assuming there's one main variable in the dataset + var_name = list(cop_profiles.data_vars)[0] + logger.info(f"Converting Dataset to DataArray using variable: {var_name}") + cop_profiles = cop_profiles[var_name] + + # Filter to the specified heat system type + try: + # Check if the specified heat system exists in the heat_system dimension + cop_data = cop_profiles.sel(heat_system=heat_system_type) + logger.info(f"Selected '{heat_system_type}' heat system") + except Exception as e: + raise RuntimeError(f"Error selecting heat system: {e}") + + # Get the name of the region dimension + # Capture heat source names before pivoting + try: + heat_sources = [val for val in cop_data.coords["heat_source"].values] + # logger.info(f"Heat sources: {heat_sources}") + except Exception as e: + raise RuntimeError(f"Error retrieving heat sources: {e}") + + # Convert to pandas for plotting + # We need to reshape data to have heat sources as columns + try: + # Start with a multi-index DataFrame + df = cop_data.to_dataframe().reset_index() + # Check for NaN values before pivoting + cop_col = var_name + + # Pivot the table to have heat sources as columns + pivot_df = df.pivot_table( + index=["time", region_dim], + columns="heat_source", + values=cop_col, + # Do not include NaN values in the average + aggfunc="mean", + fill_value=None, # Keep NaN values as NaN + ).reset_index() + + except Exception as e: + logger.error(f"Unexpected data structure. Error processing COP data: {e}") + + # Calculate monthly averages for bar chart, ignoring NaN values + if "time" in pivot_df.columns: + # Add month column + pivot_df["month"] = pd.to_datetime(pivot_df["time"]).dt.month + + # Group by month and region, calculate mean of each heat source + monthly_avg = ( + pivot_df.groupby(["month", region_dim]) + .mean(numeric_only=True) + .reset_index() + ) + # Add month column and month names in one go + pivot_df["month"] = pd.to_datetime(pivot_df["time"]).dt.month + pivot_df["month_name"] = pd.to_datetime(pivot_df["time"]).dt.strftime("%b") + + # Group by month and region, calculate mean of each heat source + monthly_avg = ( + pivot_df.groupby(["month", region_dim, "month_name"]) + .mean(numeric_only=True) + .reset_index() + # Sort by month + .sort_values("month") + ) + + else: + # Create empty DataFrame if time data is not available + monthly_avg = pd.DataFrame( + columns=["month", region_dim, "month_name"] + heat_sources + ) + + # Get unique region names + regions = sorted(pivot_df[region_dim].unique()) + logger.info(f"Found {len(regions)} regions: {regions[:5]}...") + + # Add heat system information to the dataframes for reference + pivot_df["heat_system"] = heat_system_type + monthly_avg["heat_system"] = heat_system_type + + return pivot_df, monthly_avg, regions, heat_sources + + +def create_interactive_cop_plot( + cop_df, monthly_avg_df, regions, heat_sources, region_dim: str = "name" +): + """ + Create an interactive Bokeh plot for COP profiles with a monthly average bar chart. + + Parameters + ---------- + cop_df : pandas.DataFrame + DataFrame with COP data + monthly_avg_df : pandas.DataFrame + DataFrame with monthly average COP data + regions : list + List of region names + heat_sources : list + List of heat source names + + Returns + ------- + bokeh.layouts.column + Bokeh layout with interactive plots + """ + # Use the first region as default + default_region = regions[0] if regions else None + + if default_region is None: + logger.error("No regions found in COP data") + return None + + # Filter for the default region + region_data = cop_df[cop_df[region_dim] == default_region] + monthly_region_data = monthly_avg_df[monthly_avg_df[region_dim] == default_region] + + # Create a color palette with enough colors for all heat sources + colors = Category10[10] * (len(heat_sources) // 10 + 1) + colors = colors[: len(heat_sources)] + + # Create ColumnDataSources for both plots + timeseries_source = ColumnDataSource(region_data) + monthly_source = ColumnDataSource(monthly_region_data) + + # Create the time series figure + p_timeseries = figure( + width=900, + height=500, + title=f"Heat Pump COP Profiles for {default_region}", + x_axis_type="datetime", + toolbar_location="above", + tools=[ + "pan", + "wheel_zoom", + "box_zoom", + "reset", + "save", + ], # Removed hover tool from here + ) + + # Add lines for each heat source to time series plot + for i, heat_source in enumerate(heat_sources): + if heat_source in region_data.columns: + line = p_timeseries.line( + x="time", + y=heat_source, + source=timeseries_source, + line_width=2, + color=colors[i], + legend_label=heat_source, + name=heat_source, + ) + + # Add hover tool only to the first heat source + if i == 0: + # Create tooltip data for time series + timeseries_tooltips = [("Date", "@time{%F}")] + for hs in heat_sources: + timeseries_tooltips.append((hs, f"@{{{hs}}}{{0.00}}")) + + # Create hover tool for time series + timeseries_hover = HoverTool( + renderers=[line], # Only attach to this line + tooltips=timeseries_tooltips, + formatters={"@time": "datetime"}, + mode="vline", # Still show all values at the hovered time + point_policy="follow_mouse", + ) + p_timeseries.add_tools(timeseries_hover) + else: + logger.warning( + f"Heat source '{heat_source}' not found in timeseries data for {default_region}" + ) + + # Style the time series plot + p_timeseries.title.text_font_size = "14pt" + p_timeseries.xaxis.axis_label = "Time" + p_timeseries.yaxis.axis_label = "Coefficient of Performance (COP)" + p_timeseries.legend.location = "top_left" + p_timeseries.legend.click_policy = "hide" + p_timeseries.grid.grid_line_alpha = 0.3 + + # Create monthly average bar chart + p_monthly = figure( + width=500, + height=500, + title=f"Monthly Average COP for {default_region}", + x_range=monthly_region_data["month_name"].tolist(), + toolbar_location="above", + tools=["pan", "wheel_zoom", "box_zoom", "reset", "save"], + ) + + # Create tooltip for monthly bar chart + monthly_tooltips = [("Month", "@month_name")] + for heat_source in heat_sources: + monthly_tooltips.append((heat_source, f"@{{{heat_source}}}{{0.00}}")) + + p_monthly.add_tools(HoverTool(tooltips=monthly_tooltips)) + + # Add grouped bars for each heat source + bar_width = 0.8 / len(heat_sources) + + for i, heat_source in enumerate(heat_sources): + if heat_source in monthly_source.data: + # Calculate offset for grouped bars + offset = (i - len(heat_sources) / 2 + 0.5) * bar_width + + p_monthly.vbar( + x=dodge("month_name", offset, range=p_monthly.x_range), + top=heat_source, + width=bar_width, + source=monthly_source, + color=colors[i], + legend_label=heat_source, + name=heat_source, + ) + else: + logger.warning( + f"Heat source '{heat_source}' not found in monthly data for {default_region}" + ) + + # Style the monthly bar chart + p_monthly.title.text_font_size = "14pt" + p_monthly.xaxis.axis_label = "Month" + p_monthly.yaxis.axis_label = "Average COP" + p_monthly.xgrid.grid_line_color = None + p_monthly.legend.location = "top_left" + p_monthly.legend.click_policy = "hide" + + # Rotate x-axis labels for better readability + p_monthly.xaxis.major_label_orientation = np.pi / 4 + + # Create region selector dropdown + region_select = Select( + title="Select Region:", + value=default_region, + options=regions, + width=200, + ) + + # Create callback to update both plots when region is changed + callback = CustomJS( + args=dict( + timeseries_source=timeseries_source, + monthly_source=monthly_source, + region_select=region_select, + p_timeseries=p_timeseries, + p_monthly=p_monthly, + all_timeseries_data=ColumnDataSource(cop_df), + all_monthly_data=ColumnDataSource(monthly_avg_df), + region_dim=region_dim, + ), + code=""" + const region = region_select.value; + const regionColumn = region_dim; // Use the provided region dimension name + + // Update timeseries plot + const tsData = all_timeseries_data.data; + const tsOut = {}; + // Filter data for selected region + const tsIndices = []; + for (let i = 0; i < tsData[regionColumn].length; i++) { + if (tsData[regionColumn][i] === region) { + tsIndices.push(i); + } + } + + // Get all column names + const tsColumns = Object.keys(tsData); + + // For each column, filter the data + for (let col of tsColumns) { + tsOut[col] = tsIndices.map(i => tsData[col][i]); + } + + // Update the source data + timeseries_source.data = tsOut; + + // Update monthly plot + const monthlyData = all_monthly_data.data; + const monthlyOut = {}; + + // Filter monthly data for selected region + const monthlyIndices = []; + for (let i = 0; i < monthlyData[regionColumn].length; i++) { + if (monthlyData[regionColumn][i] === region) { + monthlyIndices.push(i); + } + } + + // Get all column names + const monthlyColumns = Object.keys(monthlyData); + + // For each column, filter the data + for (let col of monthlyColumns) { + monthlyOut[col] = monthlyIndices.map(i => monthlyData[col][i]); + } + + // Update the source data + monthly_source.data = monthlyOut; + + // Update the plot titles + p_timeseries.title.text = `Heat Pump COP Profiles for ${region}`; + p_monthly.title.text = `Monthly Average COP for ${region}`; + + // Update x-range for bar chart to ensure proper ordering + if (monthlyOut.month_name && monthlyOut.month_name.length > 0) { + p_monthly.x_range.factors = monthlyOut.month_name; + } + """, + ) + + # Connect callback to dropdown + region_select.js_on_change("value", callback) + + # Create info text + info_div = Div( + text=""" +

Warning: Experimental - check values!

+

This plot shows Coefficient of Performance (COP) profiles for heat pumps in different regions.

+

COP represents the efficiency of heat pumps - higher values mean better performance.

+

Select a region from the dropdown to see its specific COP profiles for different heat sources.

+

Click on legend items to hide/show specific heat sources.

+

The bar chart shows monthly averages to help identify seasonal patterns.

+ """, + width=400, + styles={"font-size": "12px"}, + ) + + # Create layout + controls = column(region_select, info_div, width=200) + plots = row(p_timeseries, p_monthly) + layout = column(row(controls, plots)) + + return layout + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + """Generate interactive COP profile plots for all heat systems in a single file.""" + if "snakemake" not in globals(): + from _helpers import mock_snakemake + + snakemake = mock_snakemake( + "plot_cop_profiles", + clusters=48, + planning_horizons=2030, + ) + + configure_logging(snakemake) + + # Load COP profiles + cop_profiles = xr.open_dataset(snakemake.input.cop_profiles) + logger.info(f"Loaded COP profiles with dimensions: {cop_profiles.dims}") + + # Process each heat system and collect layouts + all_layouts = [] + + for heat_system_type in HeatSystemType: + logger.info(f"Processing heat system: {heat_system_type.value}") + + # Prepare data for plotting + cop_df, monthly_avg_df, regions, heat_sources = prepare_cop_data( + cop_profiles, heat_system_type.value + ) + + if len(regions) == 0: + logger.error( + f"No regions found in COP data for heat system {heat_system_type.value}" + ) + continue + + if len(heat_sources) == 0: + logger.error( + f"No heat sources found in COP data for heat system {heat_system_type.value}" + ) + continue + + # Create layout + layout = create_interactive_cop_plot( + cop_df, monthly_avg_df, regions, heat_sources + ) + + # Create a header for this heat system + header = Div( + text=f"

Heat Pump COP Profiles - {heat_system_type.value}

", + width=800, + styles={"font-size": "16px", "font-weight": "bold", "margin-top": "20px"}, + ) + + # Add header and layout to the collection + all_layouts.append(header) + all_layouts.append(layout) + + # Combine all layouts into a single column + if all_layouts: + combined_layout = column(all_layouts) + + # Save the combined plot to snakemake.output[0] + output_file(snakemake.output[0], title="COP Profiles") + save(combined_layout) + logger.info(f"Interactive COP profile plots saved to {snakemake.output[0]}") + else: + logger.error("No heat system data could be processed. No output generated.") diff --git a/scripts/plot_gas_network.py b/scripts/plot_gas_network.py index c4c478189..250b1fec0 100644 --- a/scripts/plot_gas_network.py +++ b/scripts/plot_gas_network.py @@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ def plot_ch4_map(n): link_colors=pipe_colors["gas pipeline (available)"], link_widths=link_widths_rem, branch_components=["Link"], - color_geomap=False, + geomap_colors=False, boundaries=map_opts["boundaries"], ) @@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ def plot_ch4_map(n): link_colors=link_color_used, link_widths=link_widths_used, branch_components=["Link"], - color_geomap=False, + geomap_colors=False, boundaries=map_opts["boundaries"], ) diff --git a/scripts/plot_heat_source_map.py b/scripts/plot_heat_source_map.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..aeffd5a92 --- /dev/null +++ b/scripts/plot_heat_source_map.py @@ -0,0 +1,295 @@ +# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Contributors to PyPSA-Eur +# +# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT +""" +Create interactive maps for heat source temperature and energy data. + +This script generates interactive Folium maps displaying heat source temperature +and energy potential data across European regions. It visualizes spatial distributions +of renewable heat sources like river water, sea water, and ambient air temperatures, +along with their energy potentials for district heating applications. + +The script creates two types of maps: +- Temperature maps showing spatial temperature distributions (°C) +- Energy maps showing total energy potential (TWh) where available + +Maps include regional boundaries with aggregated values and detailed point data +with interactive tooltips. Temperature data is averaged by region while energy +data is summed by region to show total potential. + +Relevant Settings +----------------- + +.. code:: yaml + + plotting: + heat_source_map: + temperature_cmap: "Reds" # Colormap for temperature data + energy_cmap: "Oranges" # Colormap for energy data + +Inputs +------ +- `resources//regions_onshore_base_s_{clusters}.geojson`: Regional boundaries +- `resources//temp_{carrier}_base_s_{clusters}_temporal_aggregate.nc`: Temperature data +- `resources//heat_source_energy_{carrier}_base_s_{clusters}_temporal_aggregate.nc`: Energy data (optional) + +Outputs +------- +- `results//plots/heat_source_map_{carrier}_temperature.html`: Interactive temperature map +- `results//plots/heat_source_map_{carrier}_energy.html`: Interactive energy potential map + +Notes +----- +Uses Folium for interactive web-based mapping. Temperature values in °C, +energy values converted from MWh to TWh for display. Handles missing energy +data by creating empty placeholder maps. +""" + +import logging + +import folium +import geopandas as gpd +import xarray as xr +from _helpers import ( + configure_logging, + set_scenario_config, + update_config_from_wildcards, +) + +logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) + + +def plot_heat_source_map( + da: xr.DataArray, + regions_onshore: gpd.GeoDataFrame, + var_name: str, + longitude_name: str = "longitude", + latitude_name: str = "latitude", + onshore_region_name: str = "name", + title: str | None = None, + cmap: str = "viridis", + aggregate_type: str = "mean", # 'mean' for temperature, 'sum' for energy +) -> folium.Map: + """ + Create an interactive Folium map from heat source data. + + Generates a web-based interactive map displaying heat source temperature or + energy data with regional boundaries and point-based data visualization. + Regional values are aggregated and displayed in tooltips while individual + data points show detailed values. + + Parameters + ---------- + da : xr.DataArray + DataArray containing heat source data with spatial coordinates. + regions_onshore : gpd.GeoDataFrame + GeoDataFrame with onshore region geometries for boundary overlay. + var_name : str + Name of the variable to plot from the DataArray. + longitude_name : str, default 'longitude' + Name of the longitude coordinate in the DataArray. + latitude_name : str, default 'latitude' + Name of the latitude coordinate in the DataArray. + onshore_region_name : str, default 'name' + Column name in regions_onshore containing region identifiers. + title : str, optional + Title for the map legend. If None, uses var_name. + cmap : str, default 'viridis' + Matplotlib colormap name for data visualization. + aggregate_type : str, default 'mean' + Aggregation method for regional values. Use 'mean' for temperature + data and 'sum' for energy data. + + Returns + ------- + folium.Map + Interactive map with layered heat source data and regional boundaries. + + Raises + ------ + ValueError + If required columns/coordinates are missing or invalid aggregate_type. + """ + # Reset index if needed and check for required column + if hasattr(regions_onshore, "index"): + regions_onshore = regions_onshore.reset_index() + + if onshore_region_name not in regions_onshore.columns: + raise ValueError(f"Column '{onshore_region_name}' not found in regions_onshore") + + # Convert DataArray to DataFrame + df = da.to_dataframe().reset_index() + + # Check that required coordinate names exist + if longitude_name not in df.columns: + raise ValueError(f"Coordinate '{longitude_name}' not found in DataArray") + + if latitude_name not in df.columns: + raise ValueError(f"Coordinate '{latitude_name}' not found in DataArray") + + # Check that variable name exists + if var_name not in df.columns: + raise ValueError(f"Variable '{var_name}' not found in DataArray") + + # Filter out zero values and NaNs + df = df[df[var_name] != 0].dropna(subset=[var_name]) + # Convert to GeoDataFrame + gdf = gpd.GeoDataFrame( + df, + geometry=gpd.points_from_xy(df[longitude_name], df[latitude_name]), + crs="EPSG:4326", + ) + + # Calculate aggregations by region + if aggregate_type == "mean": + region_totals = gdf.groupby(onshore_region_name)[var_name].mean() + agg_title = f"Average {var_name}" + elif aggregate_type == "sum": # sum for energy + region_totals = gdf.groupby(onshore_region_name)[var_name].sum() + agg_title = f"Total {var_name}" + else: + raise ValueError( + f"Invalid aggregate_type '{aggregate_type}'. Use 'mean' or 'sum'." + ) + + # Merge region totals back to regions + regions_with_totals = regions_onshore.merge( + region_totals, on=onshore_region_name, how="left" + ) + + # Center the map on data + center = [gdf[latitude_name].mean(), gdf[longitude_name].mean()] + m = folium.Map(location=center, zoom_start=5) + + # Add region boundaries with aggregated values in the tooltip + folium.GeoJson( + regions_with_totals, + name="Regions", + style_function=lambda x: { + "fillColor": "transparent", + "color": "black", + "weight": 2, + }, + tooltip=folium.GeoJsonTooltip( + fields=[onshore_region_name, var_name], + aliases=[onshore_region_name, agg_title], + ), + ).add_to(m) + + # Add data points + gdf.explore( + m=m, + column=var_name, + cmap=cmap, + legend=True, + legend_kwds={"caption": var_name if title is None else title}, + tooltip=[var_name], + name=var_name, + markersize=50, + ) + + # Add layer control + folium.LayerControl().add_to(m) + + return m + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + if "snakemake" not in globals(): + from _helpers import mock_snakemake + + snakemake = mock_snakemake( + "plot_heat_source_map", + clusters="39", + opts="", + sector_opts="", + planning_horizons="2050", + carrier="river_water", + ) + + configure_logging(snakemake) + set_scenario_config(snakemake) + update_config_from_wildcards(snakemake.config, snakemake.wildcards) + + # Load onshore regions shapefile + regions_onshore = gpd.read_file(snakemake.input.regions) + region_onshore = regions_onshore.to_crs("EPSG:4326") + + # Get colormaps from config + temperature_cmap = snakemake.params.plotting.get("heat_source_map", {}).get( + "temperature_cmap", "Reds" + ) + energy_cmap = snakemake.params.plotting.get("heat_source_map", {}).get( + "energy_cmap", "Oranges" + ) + + logger.info( + f"Creating temperature map for {snakemake.wildcards.carrier} heat source" + ) + # Load temperature data + temperature_data = xr.open_dataset(snakemake.input.heat_source_temperature) + + if snakemake.wildcards.carrier == "ambient_air": + temp_var = "temperature" + else: + temp_var = "average_temperature" + + try: + # If time dimension exists, use the mean across time + if "time" in temperature_data[temp_var].dims: + plot_data = temperature_data[temp_var].mean("time") + logger.info("Taking mean across time dimension") + else: + plot_data = temperature_data[temp_var] + + # Create and save the temperature map + temp_map = plot_heat_source_map( + da=plot_data, + regions_onshore=regions_onshore, + var_name=temp_var, + title=f"{snakemake.wildcards.carrier.replace('_', ' ').title()} Temperature (°C)", + cmap=temperature_cmap, + aggregate_type="mean", + ) + + temp_map.save(snakemake.output.temp_map) + logger.info(f"Temperature map saved to {snakemake.output.temp_map}") + + except ValueError as e: + logger.error(f"Error creating temperature map: {e}") + + # Plot energy map if input is available + if ( + hasattr(snakemake.input, "heat_source_energy") + and snakemake.input.heat_source_energy + ): + logger.info( + f"Creating energy map for {snakemake.wildcards.carrier} heat source" + ) + try: + energy_data = xr.open_dataset(snakemake.input.heat_source_energy) + + # Create and save the energy map + energy_map = plot_heat_source_map( + da=energy_data["total_energy"] / 1e6, # Convert to TWh + regions_onshore=regions_onshore, + var_name="total_energy", + title=f"{snakemake.wildcards.carrier.replace('_', ' ').title()} Energy Potential (TWh)", + cmap=energy_cmap, + aggregate_type="sum", + ) + + energy_map.save(snakemake.output.energy_map) + logger.info(f"Energy map saved to {snakemake.output.energy_map}") + except Exception as e: + logger.error(f"Error creating energy map: {e}") + # Create an empty map to satisfy output requirements + empty_map = folium.Map(location=[50, 10], zoom_start=4) + empty_map.save(snakemake.output.energy_map) + logger.warning(f"Created empty energy map at {snakemake.output.energy_map}") + else: + # If no energy data is available, create an empty map + logger.warning(f"No energy data available for {snakemake.wildcards.carrier}") + empty_map = folium.Map(location=[50, 10], zoom_start=4) + empty_map.save(snakemake.output.energy_map) + logger.warning(f"Created empty energy map at {snakemake.output.energy_map}") diff --git a/scripts/plot_interactive_bus_balance.py b/scripts/plot_interactive_bus_balance.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b1c70e417 --- /dev/null +++ b/scripts/plot_interactive_bus_balance.py @@ -0,0 +1,553 @@ +# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Contributors to PyPSA-Eur +# +# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT +""" +Create interactive bus energy balance time series plots. + +This script generates interactive HTML plots showing energy balance time series +for buses in the final network. It calculates and visualizes the contribution of +different carriers (generation, storage, loads, links) to the energy balance +at specified buses, creating stacked area charts with positive/negative values. + +The plots show generation as positive values and consumption as negative values to provide an energy balance at each bus over time. +The scripts does not use `n.statistics.energy_balance` but calculates the balance directly from the time series data of generators, storage units, loads, and links connected to each bus. + + +Relevant Settings +----------------- + +.. code:: yaml + + plotting: + tech_colors: # Color mapping for different technologies/carriers + balance_timeseries: + bus_name_pattern: # Pattern to filter buses (e.g., 'DE*' for German buses) + +Inputs +------ +- `resources//networks/base_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}.nc`: Solved PyPSA network +- `config/plotting/rc.mplstyle`: Matplotlib style configuration + +Outputs +------- +- `results//plots/balance_timeseries/`: Directory containing HTML files with interactive plots + - `ts-balance-{bus_name}-native-{time}.html`: Interactive time series plot for each bus + +Notes +----- +Uses Plotly for interactive visualization. Supports filtering buses by pattern +(shell-style wildcards). Processes multiple buses in parallel for efficiency. +""" + +import fnmatch +import logging +import os +from functools import partial +from multiprocessing import Pool + +import matplotlib.dates as mdates +import matplotlib.pyplot as plt +import numpy as np +import pandas as pd +import plotly.graph_objects as go +import pypsa +from plotly.subplots import make_subplots +from tqdm import tqdm + +from scripts._helpers import configure_logging, get_snapshots, set_scenario_config + +logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) + + +# Add a function to convert matplotlib color codes to Plotly compatible colors +def convert_color_for_plotly(color: str) -> str: + """Convert matplotlib color codes to Plotly-compatible color formats.""" + # Common matplotlib single letter color codes + mpl_to_plotly = { + "k": "black", + "b": "blue", + "r": "red", + "g": "green", + "y": "yellow", + "c": "cyan", + "m": "magenta", + "w": "white", + } + + if color in mpl_to_plotly: + return mpl_to_plotly[color] + return color + + +def get_bus_balance(n: pypsa.Network, bus_name: str) -> pd.DataFrame: + """ + Calculate the energy balance for a specific bus. + + Parameters + ---------- + n : pypsa.Network + PyPSA network + bus_name : str + Name of the bus + + Returns + ------- + pd.DataFrame + DataFrame with carrier dispatch data + """ + carriers = {} + + # Generation from generators + generators = n.generators.index[n.generators.bus == bus_name] + for gen in generators: + carrier = n.generators.carrier[gen] + if carrier not in carriers: + carriers[carrier] = 0.0 + carriers[carrier] += n.generators_t.p[gen] + + # Generation from storage units + storage_units = n.storage_units.index[n.storage_units.bus == bus_name] + for su in storage_units: + carrier = n.storage_units.carrier[su] + if carrier not in carriers: + carriers[carrier] = 0.0 + carriers[carrier] += n.storage_units_t.p[su] + + # Handle links connected to the bus via any bus connection (bus0, bus1, bus2, bus3) + + # Links with bus_name as bus0 (input power p0) + for link in n.links.index[n.links.bus0 == bus_name]: + carrier = n.links.carrier[link] + if carrier not in carriers: + carriers[carrier] = 0.0 + carriers[carrier] += -n.links_t.p0[ + link + ] # negative sign for consumption at bus0 + + # Links with bus_name as bus1 (output power p1) + for link in n.links.index[n.links.bus1 == bus_name]: + carrier = n.links.carrier[link] + if carrier not in carriers: + carriers[carrier] = 0.0 + carriers[carrier] += -n.links_t.p1[ + link + ] # negative sign because p1 is outflow from link perspective + + # Links with bus_name as bus2 (output power p2) + bus2_links = n.links.index[n.links.bus2 == bus_name] + for link in bus2_links: + carrier = n.links.carrier[link] + if carrier not in carriers: + carriers[carrier] = 0.0 + if link in n.links_t.p2.columns: + carriers[carrier] += -n.links_t.p2[ + link + ] # negative sign because p2 is outflow from link perspective + + # Links with bus_name as bus3 (output power p3) + bus3_links = n.links.index[n.links.bus3 == bus_name] + for link in bus3_links: + carrier = n.links.carrier[link] + if carrier not in carriers: + carriers[carrier] = 0.0 + if link in n.links_t.p3.columns: + carriers[carrier] += -n.links_t.p3[ + link + ] # negative sign because p3 is outflow from link perspective + + # Conventional load + loads = n.loads.index[n.loads.bus == bus_name] + for load in loads: + carrier = n.loads.carrier[load] + if carrier not in carriers: + carriers[carrier] = 0.0 + carriers[carrier] += -n.loads_t.p[load] # negative sign for consumption + + # Storage charging (consumption) + stores = n.stores.index[n.stores.bus == bus_name] + for store in stores: + carrier = n.stores.carrier[store] + if carrier not in carriers: + carriers[carrier] = 0.0 + carriers[carrier] += -n.stores_t.p[store] # negative sign for consumption + + # Create a dataframe with all carriers + result = pd.DataFrame(carriers, index=n.snapshots) + + # Remove columns (carriers) that have no contribution (all zeros or all NaN) + # First fill NaN with 0 to properly check for zero columns + result_filled = result.fillna(0) + + # Keep only columns that have at least one non-zero value + non_zero_columns = result_filled.columns[result_filled.abs().sum() > 1e-2] + result = result[non_zero_columns] + + # Drop rows (time periods) where all carriers are zero/NaN + result = result.dropna(axis=0, how="all") + + return result + + +def prepare_all_buses_data( + n: pypsa.Network, bus_name_pattern: str | None = None +) -> dict[str, pd.DataFrame]: + """ + Prepare data for all buses in the network, optionally filtering by a pattern. + + Parameters + ---------- + n : pypsa.Network + PyPSA network + bus_name_pattern : str, optional + Shell-style pattern to filter bus names (e.g., 'DE*') + If set to "NONE_BY_DEFAULT", no buses will be selected. + + Returns + ------- + dict + Dictionary with bus names as keys and carrier dispatch DataFrames as values + """ + buses_data = {} + + # Check for the special "NONE_BY_DEFAULT" pattern + if bus_name_pattern == "NONE_BY_DEFAULT": + logger.info( + "No buses selected for plotting due to NONE_BY_DEFAULT pattern. Set a different pattern to plot specific buses." + ) + return buses_data + + # Get all buses from the network + all_buses = list(n.buses.index) + if bus_name_pattern: + all_buses = [bus for bus in all_buses if fnmatch.fnmatch(bus, bus_name_pattern)] + logger.info( + f"Found {len(all_buses)} buses matching pattern '{bus_name_pattern}'" + if bus_name_pattern + else f"Found {len(all_buses)} total buses in network" + ) + + # Process all buses + for bus in all_buses: + try: + # Get the bus balance + bus_balance = get_bus_balance(n, bus) + + # Only add buses that have non-empty carrier data + if len([col for col in bus_balance.columns if col != "time"]) > 0: + buses_data[bus] = bus_balance + except Exception as e: + raise RuntimeError(f"Error processing bus {bus}: {e}") + logger.info(f"Successfully processed {len(buses_data)} buses with carrier data") + + return buses_data + + +def plot_stacked_area_steplike( + ax: plt.Axes, df: pd.DataFrame, colors: dict[str, str] | pd.Series = {} +) -> None: + """ + Plot stacked area chart with step-like transitions. + + Parameters + ---------- + ax : matplotlib.pyplot.Axes + Matplotlib axes object to plot on. + df : pd.DataFrame + DataFrame with time series data to plot. + colors : dict[str, str] | pd.Series, optional + Color mapping for carriers. + """ + if isinstance(colors, pd.Series): + colors = colors.to_dict() + + df_cum = df.cumsum(axis=1) + previous_series = np.zeros_like(df_cum.iloc[:, 0].values) + + for col in df_cum.columns: + ax.fill_between( + df_cum.index, + previous_series, + df_cum[col], + step="pre", + linewidth=0, + color=colors.get(col, "grey"), + label=col, + ) + previous_series = df_cum[col].values + + +def setup_time_axis(ax: plt.Axes, timespan: pd.Timedelta) -> None: + """ + Configure time axis formatting based on timespan. + + Parameters + ---------- + ax : matplotlib.pyplot.Axes + Matplotlib axes object to configure. + timespan : pd.Timedelta + Time range of the data for appropriate formatting. + """ + long_time_frame = timespan > pd.Timedelta(weeks=5) + + if not long_time_frame: + ax.xaxis.set_major_locator(mdates.WeekdayLocator(byweekday=mdates.MONDAY)) + ax.xaxis.set_major_formatter(mdates.DateFormatter("%e\n%b")) + ax.xaxis.set_minor_locator(mdates.DayLocator()) + ax.xaxis.set_minor_formatter(mdates.DateFormatter("%e")) + else: + ax.xaxis.set_major_locator(mdates.MonthLocator(bymonthday=1)) + ax.xaxis.set_major_formatter(mdates.DateFormatter("%e\n%b")) + ax.xaxis.set_minor_locator(mdates.MonthLocator(bymonthday=15)) + ax.xaxis.set_minor_formatter(mdates.DateFormatter("%e")) + + ax.tick_params(axis="x", which="minor", labelcolor="grey") + + +def plot_energy_balance_timeseries( + df: pd.DataFrame, + time: pd.DatetimeIndex | None = None, + ylim: float | None = None, + resample: str | None = None, + rename: dict[str, str] = {}, + ylabel: str = "", + colors: dict[str, str] | pd.Series = {}, + directory: str = "", +) -> None: + """ + Create interactive energy balance time series plot with positive/negative stacked areas. + + Parameters + ---------- + df : pd.DataFrame + Energy balance data with carriers as columns. + time : pd.DatetimeIndex, optional + Time period to plot. If None, plots full time series. + ylim : float, optional + Y-axis limits. If None, calculated automatically. + resample : str, optional + Resampling frequency (e.g., 'D' for daily). + rename : dict[str, str], optional + Mapping to rename carriers for display. + ylabel : str, optional + Label for y-axis and filename. + colors : dict[str, str] | pd.Series, optional + Color mapping for carriers. + directory : str, optional + Output directory for HTML file. + """ + if time is not None: + df = df.loc[time] + + if rename: + df = df.T.groupby(df.columns.map(lambda a: rename.get(a, a))).sum().T + + # Upsample to hourly resolution to handle overlapping snapshots + if resample is not None: + df = df.resample("1h").ffill().resample(resample).mean() + + # Sort columns alphabetically + order = df.columns.sort_values() + + df = df.loc[:, order] + + # Split into positive and negative values + pos = df.where(df > 0).fillna(0.0) + neg = df.where(df < 0).fillna(0.0) + + # Convert matplotlib color codes to Plotly compatible formats + plotly_colors = { + carrier: convert_color_for_plotly(color) for carrier, color in colors.items() + } + + # Create plotly figure + fig = make_subplots(specs=[[{"secondary_y": False}]]) + + # Keep track of carriers already added to avoid duplicates + carriers_added = set() + + # Plot positive values + pos_reset = pos.reset_index() + date_col = pos_reset.columns[0] # Get the actual name of the reset index column + pos_df_melt = pos_reset.melt( + id_vars=date_col, var_name="carrier", value_name="value" + ) + + for carrier in pos.columns: + carrier_df = pos_df_melt[pos_df_melt["carrier"] == carrier] + # Only add if carrier has actual positive values and hasn't been added yet + if not carrier_df.empty and carrier_df["value"].max() > 0: + fig.add_trace( + go.Scatter( + x=carrier_df[date_col], + y=carrier_df["value"], + mode="lines", + name=carrier, + line=dict(width=0, color=plotly_colors.get(carrier, "grey")), + stackgroup="positive", + fill="tonexty", + hovertemplate=f"{carrier}: %{{y:.2f}}", + ) + ) + carriers_added.add(carrier) + + # Plot negative values + neg_reset = neg.reset_index() + date_col_neg = neg_reset.columns[0] + neg_df_melt = neg_reset.melt( + id_vars=date_col_neg, var_name="carrier", value_name="value" + ) + + for carrier in neg.columns: + carrier_df = neg_df_melt[neg_df_melt["carrier"] == carrier] + # Only add if carrier has actual negative values and hasn't been added yet + if ( + not carrier_df.empty + and carrier_df["value"].min() < 0 + and carrier not in carriers_added + ): + fig.add_trace( + go.Scatter( + x=carrier_df[date_col_neg], + y=carrier_df["value"], + mode="lines", + name=carrier, + line=dict(width=0, color=plotly_colors.get(carrier, "grey")), + stackgroup="negative", + fill="tonexty", + hovertemplate=f"{carrier}: %{{y:.2f}}", + ) + ) + carriers_added.add(carrier) + + # Set y-axis limits + if ylim is None: + # ensure y-axis extent is symmetric around origin in steps of 50 units + ylim = np.ceil(max(-neg.sum(axis=1).min(), pos.sum(axis=1).max()) / 50) * 50 + + # Set layout + unit = "kt/h" if "co2" in ylabel.lower() else "MW" + fig.update_layout( + title="", + yaxis_title=f"{ylabel} balance [{unit}]", + hovermode="x unified", + legend=dict(orientation="h", yanchor="bottom", y=1.02, xanchor="right", x=1), + yaxis=dict(range=[-ylim, ylim]), + plot_bgcolor="white", + ) + + # Add a horizontal line at y=0 + fig.add_shape( + type="line", + x0=df.index[0], + y0=0, + x1=df.index[-1], + y1=0, + line=dict(color="grey", width=1), + ) + + # Add grid lines + fig.update_yaxes(showgrid=True, gridwidth=1, gridcolor="lightgrey") + + # Save as interactive HTML + if resample is None: + resample = f"native-{time if time is not None else 'default'}" + fn = f"ts-balance-{ylabel.replace(' ', '_')}-{resample}.html" + fig.write_html(f"{directory}/{fn}") + + +def process_carrier( + bus_name: str, + bus_data: dict[str, pd.DataFrame], + colors: dict[str, str] | pd.Series, + output_dir: str, +) -> None: + """ + Process carrier data and create plots for specific bus. + + Parameters + ---------- + bus_name : str + Name of the bus to process. + bus_data : dict[str, pd.DataFrame] + Dictionary mapping bus names to energy balance DataFrames. + colors : dict[str, str] | pd.Series + Color mapping for carriers. + output_dir : str + Directory to save output files. + """ + + df = bus_data[bus_name] + + kwargs = dict( + ylabel=bus_name, + colors=colors, + directory=output_dir, + ) + + plot_energy_balance_timeseries(df, resample=None, **kwargs) + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + if "snakemake" not in globals(): + from scripts._helpers import mock_snakemake + + snakemake = mock_snakemake( + "plot_balance_timeseries", + simpl="", + clusters="10", + opts="", + sector_opts="", + planning_horizons=2050, + ) + + configure_logging(snakemake) + set_scenario_config(snakemake) + + plt.style.use(["bmh", snakemake.input.rc]) + + # Load network and prepare data + n = pypsa.Network(snakemake.input.network) + # config = snakemake.params.plotting["balance_timeseries"] + output_dir = snakemake.output[0] + os.makedirs(output_dir, exist_ok=True) + + # Get bus name pattern from Snakemake params (preferred) or config (fallback) + bus_name_pattern = snakemake.params.get( + "bus_name_pattern", snakemake.params.bus_name_pattern + ) + + # Get month ranges for plotting + sns = snakemake.params.snapshots + drop_leap_day = snakemake.params.drop_leap_day + months = get_snapshots(sns, drop_leap_day, freq="ME").map( + lambda x: x.strftime("%Y-%m") + ) + + # Calculate energy balance + bus_data = prepare_all_buses_data(n, bus_name_pattern=bus_name_pattern) + if len(bus_data) == 0: + logger.warning( + f"No buses found matching the pattern {bus_name_pattern}. Exiting." + ) + + else: + logger.info(f"Found {len(bus_data)} buses with carrier data for plotting.") + # Get colors for carriers + n.carriers.update({"color": snakemake.params.plotting["tech_colors"]}) + colors = n.carriers.color.copy().replace("", "grey") + # Process each carrier group in partial + threads = snakemake.threads + tqdm_kwargs = dict( + ascii=False, + unit=" carrier", + total=len(bus_data.keys()), + desc="Plotting carrier balance time series", + ) + func = partial( + process_carrier, + bus_data=bus_data, + colors=colors, + output_dir=output_dir, + ) + with Pool(processes=min(threads, len(bus_data.keys()))) as pool: + list(tqdm(pool.imap(func, bus_data.keys()), **tqdm_kwargs)) diff --git a/scripts/prepare_network.py b/scripts/prepare_network.py index 7f4e3b495..50f149eb3 100755 --- a/scripts/prepare_network.py +++ b/scripts/prepare_network.py @@ -34,10 +34,11 @@ PYPSA_V1, configure_logging, get, + load_costs, set_scenario_config, update_config_from_wildcards, ) -from scripts.add_electricity import load_costs, set_transmission_costs +from scripts.add_electricity import set_transmission_costs # Allow for PyPSA versions <0.35 if PYPSA_V1: @@ -308,12 +309,7 @@ def set_line_nom_max( n = pypsa.Network(snakemake.input[0]) Nyears = n.snapshot_weightings.objective.sum() / 8760.0 - costs = load_costs( - snakemake.input.tech_costs, - snakemake.params.costs, - snakemake.params.max_hours, - Nyears, - ) + costs = load_costs(snakemake.input.costs) set_line_s_max_pu(n, snakemake.params.lines["s_max_pu"]) @@ -337,16 +333,20 @@ def set_line_nom_max( maybe_adjust_costs_and_potentials(n, snakemake.params["adjustments"]) - emission_prices = snakemake.params.costs["emission_prices"] + emission_prices = snakemake.params.emission_prices if emission_prices["co2_monthly_prices"]: logger.info( "Setting time dependent emission prices according spot market price" ) add_dynamic_emission_prices(n, snakemake.input.co2_price) elif emission_prices["enable"]: - add_emission_prices( - n, dict(co2=snakemake.params.costs["emission_prices"]["co2"]) - ) + if isinstance(emission_prices["co2"], dict): + logger.warning( + "Not setting emission prices on generators and storage units, " + "due to their configuration per planning horizon" + ) + elif isinstance(emission_prices["co2"], float): + add_emission_prices(n, dict(co2=emission_prices["co2"])) kind = snakemake.params.transmission_limit[0] factor = snakemake.params.transmission_limit[1:] diff --git a/scripts/prepare_osm_network_release.py b/scripts/prepare_osm_network_release.py index fa4791c7a..2bb896a15 100644 --- a/scripts/prepare_osm_network_release.py +++ b/scripts/prepare_osm_network_release.py @@ -90,6 +90,7 @@ def export_clean_csv(df, columns, output_file): Returns: None """ + columns = [col for col in columns if col in df.columns] rename_dict = { "Bus": "bus_id", "Line": "line_id", @@ -128,92 +129,98 @@ def create_geometries(network, is_converter, crs=GEO_CRS): - converters (GeoDataFrame): GeoDataFrame containing converter data with geometries. - transformers (GeoDataFrame): GeoDataFrame containing transformer data with geometries. """ + + buses_cols = [ + "Bus", + "v_nom", + "dc", + "symbol", + "under_construction", + "tags", + "geometry", + ] buses = network.buses.reset_index()[ - [ - "Bus", - "v_nom", - "dc", - "symbol", - "under_construction", - "tags", - "geometry", - ] + [c for c in buses_cols if c in network.buses.columns] ] buses["geometry"] = buses.geometry.apply(lambda x: loads(x)) buses = gpd.GeoDataFrame(buses, geometry="geometry", crs=crs) + lines_cols = [ + "Line", + "bus0", + "bus1", + "v_nom", + "i_nom", + "num_parallel", + "s_nom", + "r", + "x", + "b", + "length", + "underground", + "under_construction", + "type", + "tags", + "geometry", + ] lines = network.lines.reset_index()[ - [ - "Line", - "bus0", - "bus1", - "v_nom", - "i_nom", - "num_parallel", - "s_nom", - "r", - "x", - "b", - "length", - "underground", - "under_construction", - "type", - "tags", - "geometry", - ] + [c for c in lines_cols if c in network.lines.columns] ] # Create shapely linestring from geometry column lines["geometry"] = lines.geometry.apply(lambda x: loads(x)) lines = gpd.GeoDataFrame(lines, geometry="geometry", crs=crs) + links_cols = [ + "Link", + "bus0", + "bus1", + "v_nom", + "p_nom", + "length", + "underground", + "under_construction", + "tags", + "geometry", + ] links = ( network.links[~is_converter] .reset_index() .rename(columns={"voltage": "v_nom"})[ - [ - "Link", - "bus0", - "bus1", - "v_nom", - "p_nom", - "length", - "underground", - "under_construction", - "tags", - "geometry", - ] + [c for c in links_cols if c in network.links.columns] ] ) links["geometry"] = links.geometry.apply(lambda x: loads(x)) links = gpd.GeoDataFrame(links, geometry="geometry", crs=crs) + converters_cols = [ + "Link", + "bus0", + "bus1", + "v_nom", + "p_nom", + "geometry", + ] converters = ( network.links[is_converter] .reset_index() .rename(columns={"voltage": "v_nom"})[ - [ - "Link", - "bus0", - "bus1", - "v_nom", - "p_nom", - "geometry", - ] + [c for c in converters_cols if c in network.links.columns] ] ) converters["geometry"] = converters.geometry.apply(lambda x: loads(x)) converters = gpd.GeoDataFrame(converters, geometry="geometry", crs=crs) + transformers_cols = [ + "Transformer", + "bus0", + "bus1", + "voltage_bus0", + "voltage_bus1", + "s_nom", + "geometry", + ] transformers = network.transformers.reset_index()[ - [ - "Transformer", - "bus0", - "bus1", - "voltage_bus0", - "voltage_bus1", - "s_nom", - "geometry", - ] + [c for c in transformers_cols if c in network.transformers.columns] ] transformers["geometry"] = transformers.geometry.apply(lambda x: loads(x)) transformers = gpd.GeoDataFrame(transformers, geometry="geometry", crs=crs) @@ -312,7 +319,7 @@ def create_geometries(network, is_converter, crs=GEO_CRS): network.links[is_converter], CONVERTERS_COLUMNS, snakemake.output.converters ) - ### Create interactive map + ## Create interactive map buses, lines, links, converters, transformers = create_geometries( network, is_converter=is_converter, crs=GEO_CRS ) @@ -347,108 +354,117 @@ def create_geometries(network, is_converter, crs=GEO_CRS): name="Clustered substations", zindex=100, ) - map = stations_polygon.loc[ - ~( - stations_polygon.station_id.str.startswith("way") - | stations_polygon.station_id.str.startswith("relation") + if not stations_polygon.empty: + map = stations_polygon.loc[ + ~( + stations_polygon.station_id.str.startswith("way") + | stations_polygon.station_id.str.startswith("relation") + ) + ].explore( + color="grey", + popup=True, + m=map, + name="Clustered substations (virtual)", + zindex=101, + ) + if not buses_polygon.empty: + map = buses_polygon.loc[buses_polygon.dc == False].explore( + color="yellow", + popup=True, + m=map, + name="Buses (AC)", + zindex=102, + ) + map = buses_polygon.loc[buses_polygon.dc == True].explore( + color="grey", + popup=True, + m=map, + name="Buses (DC)", + zindex=103, ) - ].explore( - color="grey", - popup=True, - m=map, - name="Clustered substations (virtual)", - zindex=101, - ) - map = buses_polygon.loc[buses_polygon.dc == False].explore( - color="yellow", - popup=True, - m=map, - name="Buses (AC)", - zindex=102, - ) - map = buses_polygon.loc[buses_polygon.dc == True].explore( - color="grey", - popup=True, - m=map, - name="Buses (DC)", - zindex=103, - ) - map = lines.query("v_nom>=750").explore( - color="purple", - popup=True, - m=map, - name="Lines (AC, >= 750 kV) - purple", - zindex=104, - ) + if not lines.empty: + map = lines.query("v_nom>=750").explore( + color="purple", + popup=True, + m=map, + name="Lines (AC, >= 750 kV) - purple", + zindex=104, + ) - map = lines.query("v_nom>=380 and v_nom<750").explore( - color="darkred", - popup=True, - m=map, - name="Lines (AC), 380 kV >= x > 750 kV - red", - zindex=105, - ) + map = lines.query("v_nom>=380 and v_nom<750").explore( + color="darkred", + popup=True, + m=map, + name="Lines (AC), 380 kV >= x > 750 kV - red", + zindex=105, + ) - map = lines.query("v_nom>=250 and v_nom<380").explore( - color="orange", - popup=True, - m=map, - name="Lines (AC), 250 kV >= x > 380 kV - orange", - zindex=106, - ) + map = lines.query("v_nom>=250 and v_nom<380").explore( + color="orange", + popup=True, + m=map, + name="Lines (AC), 250 kV >= x > 380 kV - orange", + zindex=106, + ) - map = lines.query("v_nom>=200 and v_nom<250").explore( - color="green", - popup=True, - m=map, - name="Lines (AC), 200 kV >= x > 250 kV - green", - zindex=107, - ) + map = lines.query("v_nom>=200 and v_nom<250").explore( + color="green", + popup=True, + m=map, + name="Lines (AC), 200 kV >= x > 250 kV - green", + zindex=107, + ) - map = lines.query("v_nom<200").explore( - color="blue", - popup=True, - m=map, - name="Lines (AC), < 200 kV) - blue", - zindex=108, - ) + map = lines.query("v_nom<200").explore( + color="blue", + popup=True, + m=map, + name="Lines (AC), < 200 kV) - blue", + zindex=108, + ) + if not links.empty: + map = links.explore( + color="darkseagreen", + popup=True, + m=map, + name="Links (DC)", + zindex=115, + ) - map = links.explore( - color="darkseagreen", - popup=True, - m=map, - name="Links (DC)", - zindex=115, - ) - map = transformers.explore( - color="orange", - popup=True, - m=map, - name="Transformers", - zindex=116, - ) - map = converters.explore( - color="purple", - popup=True, - m=map, - name="Converters", - zindex=117, - ) - map = buses.loc[buses.dc == "f"].explore( - color="red", - popup=True, - m=map, - name="Buses (AC, Points)", - zindex=11, - ) - map = buses.loc[buses.dc == "t"].explore( - color="black", - popup=True, - m=map, - name="Buses (DC, Points)", - zindex=119, - ) + if not transformers.empty: + map = transformers.explore( + color="orange", + popup=True, + m=map, + name="Transformers", + zindex=116, + ) + + if not converters.empty: + map = converters.explore( + color="purple", + popup=True, + m=map, + name="Converters", + zindex=117, + ) + + if not buses.empty: + map = buses.loc[buses.dc == "f"].explore( + color="red", + popup=True, + m=map, + name="Buses (AC, Points)", + zindex=11, + ) + map = buses.loc[buses.dc == "t"].explore( + color="black", + popup=True, + m=map, + name="Buses (DC, Points)", + zindex=119, + ) # Add legend folium.LayerControl(collapsed=False).add_to(map) diff --git a/scripts/prepare_perfect_foresight.py b/scripts/prepare_perfect_foresight.py index 5f8346b13..9dbd9f68c 100644 --- a/scripts/prepare_perfect_foresight.py +++ b/scripts/prepare_perfect_foresight.py @@ -412,7 +412,7 @@ def set_carbon_constraints( pypsa.Network Network with carbon constraints added """ - if co2_budget and isinstance(co2_budget, float): + if co2_budget is not None and isinstance(co2_budget, float): budget = co2_budget * 1e9 # convert to t CO2 logger.info(f"add carbon budget of {budget}") diff --git a/scripts/prepare_sector_network.py b/scripts/prepare_sector_network.py index aef287dfe..3378e2db7 100755 --- a/scripts/prepare_sector_network.py +++ b/scripts/prepare_sector_network.py @@ -24,13 +24,13 @@ from scripts._helpers import ( configure_logging, get, + load_costs, set_scenario_config, update_config_from_wildcards, ) from scripts.add_electricity import ( calculate_annuity, flatten, - load_costs, sanitize_carriers, sanitize_locations, ) @@ -477,19 +477,22 @@ def update_wind_solar_costs( # NB: solar costs are also manipulated for rooftop # when distribution grid is inserted - n.generators.loc[n.generators.carrier == "solar", "capital_cost"] = costs.at[ - "solar-utility", "capital_cost" - ] - n.generators.loc[n.generators.carrier == "solar", "overnight_cost"] = costs.at[ - "solar-utility", "investment" - ] + carrier_cost_dict = { + "solar": "solar-utility", + "solar-hsat": "solar-hsat", + "onwind": "onwind", + } + + for carrier, cost_key in carrier_cost_dict.items(): + if carrier not in n.generators.carrier.values: + continue + n.generators.loc[n.generators.carrier == carrier, "capital_cost"] = costs.at[ + cost_key, "capital_cost" + ] + n.generators.loc[n.generators.carrier == carrier, "overnight_cost"] = costs.at[ + cost_key, "investment" + ] - n.generators.loc[n.generators.carrier == "onwind", "capital_cost"] = costs.at[ - "onwind", "capital_cost" - ] - n.generators.loc[n.generators.carrier == "onwind", "overnight_cost"] = costs.at[ - "onwind", "investment" - ] # for offshore wind, need to calculated connection costs for key, fn in profiles.items(): tech = key[len("profile_") :] @@ -794,7 +797,9 @@ def add_eu_bus(n, x=-5.5, y=46): n.add("Carrier", "none") -def add_co2_tracking(n, costs, options, sequestration_potential_file=None): +def add_co2_tracking( + n, costs, options, sequestration_potential_file=None, co2_price: float = 0.0 +): """ Add CO2 tracking components to the network including atmospheric CO2, CO2 storage, and sequestration infrastructure. @@ -818,6 +823,9 @@ def add_co2_tracking(n, costs, options, sequestration_potential_file=None): sequestration_potential_file : str, optional Path to CSV file containing regional CO2 sequestration potentials. Required if options['regional_co2_sequestration_potential']['enable'] is True. + co2_price : float, optional + CO2 price that needs to be paid for emitting into the atmosphere and which is + gained by removing from the atmosphere. Returns ------- @@ -843,10 +851,11 @@ def add_co2_tracking(n, costs, options, sequestration_potential_file=None): n.add( "Store", "co2 atmosphere", - e_nom_extendable=True, + e_nom=np.inf, e_min_pu=-1, carrier="co2", bus="co2 atmosphere", + marginal_cost=-co2_price, ) # add CO2 tanks @@ -1106,11 +1115,11 @@ def add_biomass_to_methanol(n, costs): + costs.at["biomass-to-methanol", "CO2 stored"], p_nom_extendable=True, capital_cost=costs.at["biomass-to-methanol", "capital_cost"] - / costs.at["biomass-to-methanol", "efficiency"], + * costs.at["biomass-to-methanol", "efficiency"], overnight_cost=costs.at["biomass-to-methanol", "investment"] - / costs.at["biomass-to-methanol", "efficiency"], + * costs.at["biomass-to-methanol", "efficiency"], marginal_cost=costs.loc["biomass-to-methanol", "VOM"] - / costs.at["biomass-to-methanol", "efficiency"], + * costs.at["biomass-to-methanol", "efficiency"], ) @@ -1133,15 +1142,15 @@ def add_biomass_to_methanol_cc(n, costs): * costs.at["biomass-to-methanol", "capture rate"], p_nom_extendable=True, capital_cost=costs.at["biomass-to-methanol", "capital_cost"] - / costs.at["biomass-to-methanol", "efficiency"] + * costs.at["biomass-to-methanol", "efficiency"] + costs.at["biomass CHP capture", "capital_cost"] * costs.at["biomass-to-methanol", "CO2 stored"], overnight_cost=costs.at["biomass-to-methanol", "investment"] - / costs.at["biomass-to-methanol", "efficiency"] + * costs.at["biomass-to-methanol", "efficiency"] + costs.at["biomass CHP capture", "investment"] * costs.at["biomass-to-methanol", "CO2 stored"], marginal_cost=costs.loc["biomass-to-methanol", "VOM"] - / costs.at["biomass-to-methanol", "efficiency"], + * costs.at["biomass-to-methanol", "efficiency"], ) @@ -1384,7 +1393,7 @@ def add_co2limit(n, options, co2_totals_file, countries, nyears, limit): nyears : float, optional Number of years for the CO2 budget, by default 1.0 limit : float, optional - CO2 limit as a fraction of 1990 levels, by default 0.0 + CO2 limit as a fraction of 1990 levels Returns ------- @@ -1399,6 +1408,9 @@ def add_co2limit(n, options, co2_totals_file, countries, nyears, limit): to the network. The limit is calculated as a fraction of historical emissions multiplied by the number of years. """ + if limit is None: + return + logger.info(f"Adding CO2 budget limit as per unit of 1990 levels of {limit}") sectors = determine_emission_sectors(options) @@ -1726,7 +1738,7 @@ def insert_electricity_distribution_grid( n.links.loc[v2gs, "bus1"] += " low voltage" hps = n.links.index[n.links.carrier.str.contains("heat pump")] - n.links.loc[hps, "bus0"] += " low voltage" + n.links.loc[hps, "bus1"] += " low voltage" rh = n.links.index[n.links.carrier.str.contains("resistive heater")] n.links.loc[rh, "bus0"] += " low voltage" @@ -1741,7 +1753,7 @@ def insert_electricity_distribution_grid( fn = solar_rooftop_potentials_fn if len(fn) > 0: - potential = pd.read_csv(fn, index_col=["bus", "bin"]).squeeze() + potential = pd.read_csv(fn, index_col=["bus", "bin"]).squeeze(axis=1) potential.index = potential.index.map(flatten) + " solar" n.add( @@ -1969,6 +1981,7 @@ def add_storage_and_grids( efficiency=costs.at["electrolysis", "efficiency"], capital_cost=costs.at["electrolysis", "capital_cost"], overnight_cost=costs.at["electrolysis", "investment"], + p_min_pu=options["min_part_load_electrolysis"], lifetime=costs.at["electrolysis", "lifetime"], ) @@ -2410,6 +2423,7 @@ def add_EVs( temperature: pd.DataFrame, spatial: SimpleNamespace, options: dict, + investment_year: int, ) -> None: """ Add electric vehicle (EV) infrastructure to the network. @@ -2450,6 +2464,7 @@ def add_EVs( - bev_energy: float - bev_dsm_availability: float - v2g: bool + investment_year: int Returns ------- @@ -2859,6 +2874,7 @@ def add_land_transport( temperature, spatial, options, + investment_year, ) if shares["fuel_cell"] > 0: @@ -2969,6 +2985,7 @@ def add_heat( retro_cost_file: str, floor_area_file: str, heat_source_profile_files: dict[str, str], + heat_dsm_profile_file: str, params: dict, pop_weighted_energy_totals: pd.DataFrame, heating_efficiencies: pd.DataFrame, @@ -3004,6 +3021,8 @@ def add_heat( Path to CSV file containing floor area data heat_source_profile_files : dict[str, str] Dictionary mapping heat source names to their data file paths + heat_dsm_profile_file : str + Path to CSV file containing demand-side management profiles for heat params : dict Dictionary containing parameters including: - heat_pump_sources @@ -3145,6 +3164,62 @@ def add_heat( p_set=heat_load.loc[n.snapshots], ) + if options["residential_heat"]["dsm"]["enable"] and heat_system in [ + HeatSystem.RESIDENTIAL_RURAL, + HeatSystem.RESIDENTIAL_URBAN_DECENTRAL, + HeatSystem.URBAN_CENTRAL, + ]: + factor = heat_system.heat_demand_weighting( + urban_fraction=urban_fraction[nodes], dist_fraction=dist_fraction[nodes] + ) + + heat_dsm_profile = pd.read_csv( + heat_dsm_profile_file, + header=1, + index_col=0, + parse_dates=True, + )[nodes].reindex(n.snapshots) + + e_nom = ( + heat_demand[["residential space"]] + .T.groupby(level=1) + .sum() + .T[nodes] + .multiply(factor) + ) + + heat_dsm_restriction_value = options["residential_heat"]["dsm"][ + "restriction_value" + ].get(investment_year) + heat_dsm_profile = heat_dsm_profile * heat_dsm_restriction_value + e_nom = e_nom.max() + + # Allow to overshoot or undercool the target temperatures / heat demand in dsm + e_min_pu, e_max_pu = 0, 0 + if "overheat" in options["residential_heat"]["dsm"]["direction"]: + e_max_pu = heat_dsm_profile + if "undercool" in options["residential_heat"]["dsm"]["direction"]: + e_min_pu = (-1) * heat_dsm_profile + + # Thermal (standing) losses of buildings assumed to be the same as decentralized water tanks + n.add( + "Store", + nodes, + suffix=f" {heat_system} heat dsm", + bus=nodes + f" {heat_system} heat", + carrier=f"{heat_system} heat dsm", + standing_loss=costs.at[ + "decentral water tank storage", "standing_losses" + ] + / 100, # convert %/hour into unit/hour + e_cyclic=True, + e_nom=e_nom, + e_max_pu=e_max_pu, + e_min_pu=e_min_pu, + ) + + logger.info(f"Adding DSM in {heat_system} heating.") + if options["tes"]: n.add("Carrier", f"{heat_system} water tanks") @@ -3386,7 +3461,7 @@ def add_heat( .to_pandas() .reindex(index=n.snapshots) if options["time_dep_hp_cop"] - else costs.at[costs_name_heat_pump, "efficiency"] + else costs.loc[[costs_name_heat_pump], ["efficiency"]] ) if heat_source in params.limited_heat_sources: @@ -3394,8 +3469,17 @@ def add_heat( p_max_source = pd.read_csv( heat_source_profile_files[heat_source], index_col=0, + parse_dates=True, ).squeeze()[nodes] + # if only dimension is nodes, convert series to dataframe with columns as nodes and index as snapshots + if p_max_source.ndim == 1: + p_max_source = pd.DataFrame( + [p_max_source] * len(n.snapshots), + index=n.snapshots, + columns=nodes, + ) + # add resource heat_carrier = f"{heat_system} {heat_source} heat" n.add("Carrier", heat_carrier) @@ -3407,7 +3491,8 @@ def add_heat( carrier=heat_carrier, ) - if heat_source in params.direct_utilisation_heat_sources: + # TODO: implement better handling of zero-cost heat sources + try: capital_cost = ( costs.at[ heat_system.heat_source_costs_name(heat_source), @@ -3425,10 +3510,14 @@ def add_heat( lifetime = costs.at[ heat_system.heat_source_costs_name(heat_source), "lifetime" ] - else: + except KeyError: + logger.warning( + f"Heat source {heat_source} not found in cost data. Assuming zero cost and infinite lifetime." + ) capital_cost = 0.0 overnight_cost = 0.0 lifetime = np.inf + n.add( "Generator", nodes, @@ -3439,27 +3528,29 @@ def add_heat( capital_cost=capital_cost, overnight_cost=overnight_cost, lifetime=lifetime, - p_nom_max=p_max_source, + p_nom_max=p_max_source.max(), + p_max_pu=p_max_source / p_max_source.max(), ) - # add heat pump converting source heat + electricity to urban central heat n.add( "Link", nodes, suffix=f" {heat_system} {heat_source} heat pump", - bus0=nodes, - bus1=nodes + f" {heat_carrier}", - bus2=nodes + f" {heat_system} heat", + bus0=nodes + f" {heat_system} heat", + bus1=nodes, + bus2=nodes + f" {heat_carrier}", carrier=f"{heat_system} {heat_source} heat pump", - efficiency=(-(cop_heat_pump - 1)).clip(upper=0), - efficiency2=cop_heat_pump, - capital_cost=costs.at[costs_name_heat_pump, "efficiency"] - * costs.at[costs_name_heat_pump, "capital_cost"] + efficiency=(1 / cop_heat_pump.clip(lower=0.001)).squeeze(), + efficiency2=(1 - (1 / cop_heat_pump.clip(lower=0.001))).squeeze(), + capital_cost=costs.at[costs_name_heat_pump, "capital_cost"] * overdim_factor, - overnight_cost=costs.at[costs_name_heat_pump, "efficiency"] - * costs.at[costs_name_heat_pump, "investment"] + overnight_cost=costs.at[costs_name_heat_pump, "investment"] * overdim_factor, p_nom_extendable=True, + p_min_pu=( + -cop_heat_pump / cop_heat_pump.clip(lower=0.001) + ).squeeze(), + p_max_pu=0, lifetime=costs.at[costs_name_heat_pump, "lifetime"], ) @@ -3510,19 +3601,21 @@ def add_heat( "Link", nodes, suffix=f" {heat_system} {heat_source} heat pump", - bus0=nodes, - bus1=nodes + f" {heat_system} water pits", - bus2=nodes + f" {heat_system} heat", + bus0=nodes + f" {heat_system} heat", + bus1=nodes, + bus2=nodes + f" {heat_system} water pits", carrier=f"{heat_system} {heat_source} heat pump", - efficiency=(-(cop_heat_pump - 1)).clip(upper=0), - efficiency2=cop_heat_pump, - capital_cost=costs.at[costs_name_heat_pump, "efficiency"] - * costs.at[costs_name_heat_pump, "capital_cost"] + efficiency=(1 / (cop_heat_pump - 1).clip(lower=0.001)).squeeze(), + efficiency2=(1 - 1 / cop_heat_pump.clip(lower=0.001)).squeeze(), + capital_cost=costs.at[costs_name_heat_pump, "capital_cost"] * overdim_factor, - overnight_cost=costs.at[costs_name_heat_pump, "efficiency"] - * costs.at[costs_name_heat_pump, "investment"] + overnight_cost=costs.at[costs_name_heat_pump, "investment"] * overdim_factor, p_nom_extendable=True, + p_min_pu=( + -cop_heat_pump / cop_heat_pump.clip(lower=0.001) + ).squeeze(), + p_max_pu=0, lifetime=costs.at[costs_name_heat_pump, "lifetime"], ) @@ -3531,16 +3624,18 @@ def add_heat( "Link", nodes, suffix=f" {heat_system} {heat_source} heat pump", - bus0=nodes, - bus1=nodes + f" {heat_system} heat", + bus0=nodes + f" {heat_system} heat", + bus1=nodes, carrier=f"{heat_system} {heat_source} heat pump", - efficiency=cop_heat_pump, - capital_cost=costs.at[costs_name_heat_pump, "efficiency"] - * costs.at[costs_name_heat_pump, "capital_cost"] + efficiency=(1 / cop_heat_pump.clip(lower=0.001)).squeeze(), + capital_cost=costs.at[costs_name_heat_pump, "capital_cost"] * overdim_factor, - overnight_cost=costs.at[costs_name_heat_pump, "efficiency"] - * costs.at[costs_name_heat_pump, "investment"] + overnight_cost=costs.at[costs_name_heat_pump, "investment"] * overdim_factor, + p_min_pu=( + -cop_heat_pump / cop_heat_pump.clip(lower=0.001) + ).squeeze(), + p_max_pu=0, p_nom_extendable=True, lifetime=costs.at[costs_name_heat_pump, "lifetime"], ) @@ -6466,11 +6561,7 @@ def add_import_options( nhours = n.snapshot_weightings.generators.sum() nyears = nhours / 8760 - costs = load_costs( - snakemake.input.costs, - snakemake.params.costs, - nyears=nyears, - ) + costs = load_costs(snakemake.input.costs) pop_weighted_energy_totals = ( pd.read_csv(snakemake.input.pop_weighted_energy_totals, index_col=0) * nyears @@ -6518,11 +6609,18 @@ def add_import_options( add_eu_bus(n) + emission_prices = snakemake.params["emission_prices"] + co2_price = ( + get(emission_prices["co2"], investment_year) + if emission_prices["enable"] + else 0.0 + ) add_co2_tracking( n, costs, options, sequestration_potential_file=snakemake.input.sequestration_potential, + co2_price=co2_price, ) add_generation( @@ -6591,6 +6689,7 @@ def add_import_options( for source in snakemake.params.limited_heat_sources if source in snakemake.input.keys() }, + heat_dsm_profile_file=snakemake.input.heat_dsm_profile, params=snakemake.params, pop_weighted_energy_totals=pop_weighted_energy_totals, heating_efficiencies=heating_efficiencies, diff --git a/scripts/process_cost_data.py b/scripts/process_cost_data.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7f56b3027 --- /dev/null +++ b/scripts/process_cost_data.py @@ -0,0 +1,249 @@ +# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Contributors to PyPSA-Eur +# +# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT +""" +Prepare and extend default cost data with custom cost modifications. Custom costs can target all planning horizons +and / or technologies using the 'all' identifier. + +Preparing the cost data includes: +- aligning all units to conventional units (i.e. MW / MWh), +- filling in missing data, +- computing 'capital_cost' parameter (annualised investment costs and FOM), +- computing 'marginal_cost' parameter (fuel costs and VOM), +- computing storage costs for batteries and hydrogen, +- (deprecated) overwriting attributes using config-based modifications. + +Inputs +------ + +- ``resources/costs_{planning_horizons}.csv``: Default cost data for specified planning horizon +- (by default) ``data/custom_costs.csv``: Custom cost modifications (can be configured with `costs:custom_costs:file` + +Outputs +------- + +- ``resources/costs_{planning_horizons}_processed.csv``: Prepared cost data with custom modifications applied +""" + +import logging +import warnings + +import pandas as pd +import pypsa + +from scripts.add_electricity import calculate_annuity + +logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) + + +def overwrite_costs(costs: pd.DataFrame, custom_costs: pd.DataFrame) -> pd.DataFrame: + """ + Apply custom cost modifications to costs data. + + Parameters + ---------- + costs : pd.DataFrame + Base cost assumptions. + custom_costs : pd.DataFrame + Custom cost modifications. + + Returns + ------- + pd.DataFrame + Updated cost data with custom modifications applied (if applicable). + """ + if custom_costs.empty: + return costs + + all_techs = custom_costs.query("technology=='all'").dropna(axis=1, how="all") + custom_costs = custom_costs.query("technology != 'all'").dropna(axis=1, how="all") + + # Add technologies that don't already exist + missing_idx = custom_costs.index.difference(costs.index) + if len(missing_idx) > 0: + costs = pd.concat([costs, custom_costs.loc[missing_idx]]) + + # Overwrite unique pairs of (technology, parameter) + for param in custom_costs.columns: + custom_col = custom_costs[param].dropna() + costs.loc[custom_col.index, param] = custom_col + + # If technology "all" exists, propagate its parameter values to all other technologies + if not all_techs.empty: + for param in all_techs.columns: + costs.loc[:, param] = all_techs.loc["all", param] + + return costs + + +def prepare_costs( + costs: pd.DataFrame, + config: dict, + max_hours: dict = None, + nyears: float = 1.0, + custom_costs_fn: str = None, +) -> pd.DataFrame: + """ + Standardize and prepare extended costs data. + + Parameters + ---------- + costs : pd.DataFrame + DataFrame containing extended costs + config : dict + Dictionary containing cost-related configuration parameters + max_hours : dict, optional + Dictionary specifying maximum hours for storage technologies + nyears : float, optional + Number of years for investment, by default 1.0 + custom_costs_fn : str, optional + Custom cost modifications file path (default None). + + Returns + ------- + costs : pd.DataFrame + DataFrame containing the prepared cost data + + """ + # Load custom costs and categorize into two sets: + # - Raw attributes: overwritten before cost preparation + # - Prepared attributes: overwritten after cost preparation + if custom_costs_fn is not None: + custom_costs = pd.read_csv( + snakemake.input.custom_costs, + dtype={"planning_horizon": "str"}, + index_col=["technology", "parameter"], + ).query("planning_horizon in [@planning_horizon, 'all']") + + custom_costs = custom_costs.drop("planning_horizon", axis=1).value.unstack( + level=1 + ) + prepared_attrs = ["marginal_cost", "capital_cost"] + raw_attrs = list(set(custom_costs.columns) - set(prepared_attrs)) + custom_raw = custom_costs[raw_attrs].dropna(axis=0, how="all") + custom_prepared = custom_costs.filter(prepared_attrs).dropna(axis=0, how="all") + + # Copy marginal_cost and capital_cost for backward compatibility + for key in ("marginal_cost", "capital_cost"): + if key in config: + config["overwrites"][key] = config[key] + + # correct units to MW and EUR + costs.loc[costs.unit.str.contains("/kW"), "value"] *= 1e3 + costs.loc[costs.unit.str.contains("/GW"), "value"] /= 1e3 + + costs.unit = costs.unit.str.replace("/kW", "/MW") + costs.unit = costs.unit.str.replace("/GW", "/MW") + + # min_count=1 is important to generate NaNs which are then filled by fillna + costs = costs.value.unstack(level=1).groupby("technology").sum(min_count=1) + + # Process overwrites for various attributes + costs = overwrite_costs(costs, custom_raw) + costs = costs.fillna(config["fill_values"]) + for attr in ( + "investment", + "lifetime", + "FOM", + "VOM", + "efficiency", + "fuel", + "standing losses", + ): + overwrites = config["overwrites"].get(attr) + if overwrites is not None: + overwrites = pd.Series(overwrites) + costs.loc[overwrites.index, attr] = overwrites + warnings.warn( + "Config-based cost overwrites is deprecated. Use external file instead (by default 'data/custom_costs.csv').", + DeprecationWarning, + ) + logger.info(f"Overwriting {attr} with:\n{overwrites}") + + annuity_factor = calculate_annuity(costs["lifetime"], costs["discount rate"]) + annuity_factor_fom = annuity_factor + costs["FOM"] / 100.0 + costs["capital_cost"] = annuity_factor_fom * costs["investment"] * nyears + + costs.at["OCGT", "fuel"] = costs.at["gas", "fuel"] + costs.at["CCGT", "fuel"] = costs.at["gas", "fuel"] + + costs["marginal_cost"] = costs["VOM"] + costs["fuel"] / costs["efficiency"] + + costs.at["OCGT", "CO2 intensity"] = costs.at["gas", "CO2 intensity"] + costs.at["CCGT", "CO2 intensity"] = costs.at["gas", "CO2 intensity"] + + costs.at["solar", "capital_cost"] = costs.at["solar-utility", "capital_cost"] + costs = costs.rename({"solar-utility single-axis tracking": "solar-hsat"}) + + costs = costs.rename(columns={"standing losses": "standing_losses"}) + + # Calculate storage costs if max_hours is provided + if max_hours is not None: + + def costs_for_storage(store, link1, link2=None, max_hours=1.0): + capital_cost = link1["capital_cost"] + max_hours * store["capital_cost"] + if link2 is not None: + capital_cost += link2["capital_cost"] + return pd.Series( + { + "capital_cost": capital_cost, + "marginal_cost": 0.0, + "CO2 intensity": 0.0, + "standing_losses": 0.0, + } + ) + + costs.loc["battery"] = costs_for_storage( + costs.loc["battery storage"], + costs.loc["battery inverter"], + max_hours=max_hours["battery"], + ) + costs.loc["H2"] = costs_for_storage( + costs.loc["hydrogen storage underground"], + costs.loc["fuel cell"], + costs.loc["electrolysis"], + max_hours=max_hours["H2"], + ) + + # Overwrite marginal and capital costs + costs = overwrite_costs(costs, custom_prepared) + for attr in ("marginal_cost", "capital_cost"): + overwrites = config["overwrites"].get(attr) + if overwrites is not None: + overwrites = pd.Series(overwrites) + idx = overwrites.index.intersection(costs.index) + costs.loc[idx, attr] = overwrites.loc[idx] + warnings.warn( + "Config-based cost overwrites is deprecated. Use external file instead (by default 'data/custom_costs.csv').", + DeprecationWarning, + ) + logger.info(f"Overwriting {attr} with:\n{overwrites}") + + return costs + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + if "snakemake" not in globals(): + from _helpers import mock_snakemake + + snakemake = mock_snakemake("process_cost_data", planning_horizons=2030) + + cost_params = snakemake.params["costs"] + + n = pypsa.Network(snakemake.input.network) + nyears = n.snapshot_weightings.generators.sum() / 8760.0 + planning_horizon = str(snakemake.wildcards.planning_horizons) + + # Retrieve costs assumptions + costs = pd.read_csv(snakemake.input.costs, index_col=["technology", "parameter"]) + + # Prepare costs + costs_processed = prepare_costs( + costs, + cost_params, + snakemake.params.max_hours, + nyears, + snakemake.input.custom_costs, + ) + + costs_processed.to_csv(snakemake.output[0]) diff --git a/scripts/pypsa-de/export_ariadne_variables.py b/scripts/pypsa-de/export_ariadne_variables.py index 5bb98b86e..1bd47eb25 100644 --- a/scripts/pypsa-de/export_ariadne_variables.py +++ b/scripts/pypsa-de/export_ariadne_variables.py @@ -4,9 +4,6 @@ import os import re import sys - -sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__) + "/../..")) - from functools import reduce import numpy as np @@ -15,6 +12,8 @@ from numpy import isclose from pypsa.statistics import get_transmission_carriers +sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__) + "/../..")) + from scripts._helpers import ( configure_logging, mock_snakemake, @@ -23,6 +22,7 @@ ) from scripts.add_electricity import calculate_annuity, load_costs +pypsa.options.params.statistics.round = 10 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) # Defining global variables @@ -68,19 +68,19 @@ def domestic_length_factor(n, carriers, region="DE"): continue # Skip this carrier if not found in both links and lines # Loop through relevant components - for c in n.iterate_components(): - if c.name in ["Link", "Line"] and carrier in c.df["carrier"].unique(): + for c in n.components: + if c.name in ["Link", "Line"] and carrier in c.static["carrier"].unique(): # Filter based on carrier and region, excluding reversed links - all_i = c.df[ - (c.df["carrier"] == carrier) - & (c.df.bus0 + c.df.bus1).str.contains(region) - & ~c.df.index.str.contains("reversed") + all_i = c.static[ + (c.static["carrier"] == carrier) + & (c.static.bus0 + c.static.bus1).str.contains(region) + & ~c.static.index.str.contains("reversed") ].index # Separate domestic and cross-border links domestic_i = all_i[ - c.df.loc[all_i, "bus0"].str.contains(region) - & c.df.loc[all_i, "bus1"].str.contains(region) + c.static.loc[all_i, "bus0"].str.contains(region) + & c.static.loc[all_i, "bus1"].str.contains(region) ] cross_border_i = all_i.difference(domestic_i) @@ -90,8 +90,8 @@ def domestic_length_factor(n, carriers, region="DE"): # Calculate length factor if both sets are non-empty if len(domestic_i) > 0 and len(cross_border_i) > 0: length_factor = ( - c.df.loc[domestic_i, "length"].mean() - / c.df.loc[cross_border_i, "length"].mean() + c.static.loc[domestic_i, "length"].mean() + / c.static.loc[cross_border_i, "length"].mean() ) length_factors[(carrier, c.name)] = length_factor else: @@ -237,6 +237,8 @@ def _get_fuel_fractions(n, region, fuel): assert isclose(fuel_fractions.sum(), 1) + fuel_fractions /= fuel_fractions.sum() + return fuel_fractions @@ -866,6 +868,11 @@ def _get_capacities(n, region, cap_func, cap_string="Capacity|"): ) .multiply(MW2GW) ) + heat_pump_idxs = capacities_central_heat.filter(like="heat pump").index + capacities_central_heat[heat_pump_idxs] = abs( + capacities_central_heat[heat_pump_idxs] + ) + if cap_string.startswith("Investment") or cap_string.startswith("System Cost"): secondary_heat_techs = [ "DAC", @@ -997,6 +1004,10 @@ def _get_capacities(n, region, cap_func, cap_string="Capacity|"): ) .multiply(MW2GW) ) + heat_pump_idxs = capacities_decentral_heat.filter(like="heat pump").index + capacities_decentral_heat[heat_pump_idxs] = abs( + capacities_decentral_heat[heat_pump_idxs] + ) var[cap_string + "Decentral Heat|Solar thermal"] = capacities_decentral_heat.filter( like="solar thermal" @@ -1194,6 +1205,7 @@ def get_primary_energy(n, region): n.statistics.withdrawal(bus_carrier="oil primary", **kwargs) .get(("Link", "DE oil refining"), pd.Series(0)) .item(), + atol=1, # MW ) gas_fractions = _get_fuel_fractions(n, region, "gas") @@ -1757,7 +1769,7 @@ def get_secondary_energy(n, region, _industry_demand): ~hydrogen_production.index.str.startswith("H2 pipeline") ].sum(), rtol=0.01, - atol=1e-5, + atol=1e-3, ) # Liquids @@ -1792,7 +1804,7 @@ def get_secondary_energy(n, region, _industry_demand): var["Secondary Energy|Liquids"], liquids_production.sum(), rtol=0.01, - atol=1e-5, + atol=1e-3, ) gas_supply = ( @@ -3116,7 +3128,7 @@ def get_nodal_flows(n, bus_carrier, region, query="index == index or index != in n.statistics.withdrawal( bus_carrier=bus_carrier, groupby=groupby, - aggregate_time=False, + groupby_time=False, ) .query(query) .groupby("bus") @@ -3152,7 +3164,7 @@ def get_nodal_supply(n, bus_carrier, query="index == index or index != index"): n.statistics.supply( bus_carrier=bus_carrier, groupby=groupby, - aggregate_time=False, + groupby_time=False, ) .query(query) .groupby("bus") @@ -4276,25 +4288,15 @@ def get_grid_investments( def get_policy(n, investment_year): var = pd.Series() - - # add carbon component to fossil fuels if specified - if (snakemake.params.co2_price_add_on_fossils is not None) and ( - investment_year in snakemake.params.co2_price_add_on_fossils.keys() - ): - co2_price_add_on = snakemake.params.co2_price_add_on_fossils[investment_year] - else: - co2_price_add_on = 0.0 try: co2_limit_de = n.global_constraints.loc["co2_limit-DE", "mu"] except KeyError: co2_limit_de = 0 - var["Price|Carbon"] = ( - -n.global_constraints.loc["CO2Limit", "mu"] - co2_limit_de + co2_price_add_on - ) + var["Price|Carbon"] = -n.global_constraints.loc["CO2Limit", "mu"] - co2_limit_de - var["Price|Carbon|EU-wide Regulation All Sectors"] = ( - -n.global_constraints.loc["CO2Limit", "mu"] + co2_price_add_on - ) + var["Price|Carbon|EU-wide Regulation All Sectors"] = -n.global_constraints.loc[ + "CO2Limit", "mu" + ] # Price|Carbon|EU-wide Regulation Non-ETS @@ -5405,17 +5407,9 @@ def get_data( # Load data _networks = [pypsa.Network(fn) for fn in snakemake.input.networks] - nhours = _networks[0].snapshot_weightings.generators.sum() - nyears = nhours / 8760 - costs = list( map( - lambda _costs: load_costs( - _costs, - snakemake.params.costs, - snakemake.params.max_hours, - nyears, - ).multiply(1e-9), # in bn € + lambda _costs: load_costs(_costs).multiply(1e-9), # in bn € snakemake.input.costs, ) ) diff --git a/scripts/pypsa-de/modify_cost_data.py b/scripts/pypsa-de/modify_cost_data.py deleted file mode 100644 index 24c535f25..000000000 --- a/scripts/pypsa-de/modify_cost_data.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,182 +0,0 @@ -import logging -import os -import re - -import pandas as pd - -from scripts._helpers import ( - configure_logging, - mock_snakemake, - set_scenario_config, - update_config_from_wildcards, -) - -logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) - - -def carbon_component_fossils(costs, co2_price): - """ - Add carbon component to fossil fuel costs. - """ - - carriers = ["gas", "oil", "lignite", "coal"] - # specific emissions in tons CO2/MWh according to n.links[n.links.carrier =="your_carrier].efficiency2.unique().item() - specific_emisisons = { - "oil": 0.2571, - "gas": 0.198, # OCGT - "coal": 0.3361, - "lignite": 0.4069, - } - - for c in carriers: - carbon_add_on = specific_emisisons[c] * co2_price - costs.at[(c, "fuel"), "value"] += carbon_add_on - add_str = f" (added carbon component of {round(carbon_add_on, 4)} €/MWh according to co2 price of {co2_price} €/t co2 and carbon intensity of {specific_emisisons[c]} t co2/MWh)" - if pd.isna(costs.at[(c, "fuel"), "further description"]): - costs.at[(c, "fuel"), "further description"] = add_str - else: - costs.at[(c, "fuel"), "further description"] = ( - str(costs.at[(c, "fuel"), "further description"]) + add_str - ) - - return costs - - -if __name__ == "__main__": - if "snakemake" not in globals(): - snakemake = mock_snakemake( - "modify_cost_data", - planning_horizons="2020", - file_path="../data/costs/", - file_name="costs_2020.csv", - cost_horizon="mean", - run="KN2045_Mix", - ) - configure_logging(snakemake) - set_scenario_config(snakemake) - update_config_from_wildcards(snakemake.config, snakemake.wildcards) - - # read in cost data from technology-data library - costs = os.path.join( - snakemake.params.file_path, - snakemake.params.cost_horizon, - snakemake.params.file_name, - ) - - # cost_horizon is a setting for technology-data and specifies either - # mean, pessimist or optimist cost scenarios - # the cost modifications file contains specific cost assumptions for - # germany, developed in the ARIADNE project - # here pessimist and optimistic scenarios correspond to a delay or a - # speed up in cost reductions - - costs = pd.read_csv(costs, index_col=[0, 1]).sort_index() - - matched_year = int( - re.search( - r"costs_(\d{4})-modifications\.csv", snakemake.input.modifications - ).group(1) - ) - - if matched_year <= 2020 or snakemake.params.cost_horizon == "mean": - logger.info(f"Mean cost scenario for {matched_year}.") - new_year = matched_year - elif snakemake.params.cost_horizon == "pessimist": - logger.info(f"Pessimistic cost scenario for {matched_year}.") - new_year = min(matched_year + 5, 2050) - elif snakemake.params.cost_horizon == "optimist": - logger.info(f"Optimistic cost scenario for {matched_year}.") - new_year = matched_year - 5 - else: - logger.error( - "Invalid specification of cost options. Please choose 'mean', 'pessimist' or 'optimist' as config[costs][horizon]." - ) - raise ValueError("Invalid specification of cost options.") - - new_filename = re.sub( - r"costs_\d{4}-modifications\.csv", - f"costs_{new_year}-modifications.csv", - snakemake.input.modifications, - ) - modifications = pd.read_csv(new_filename, index_col=[0, 1]).sort_index() - if snakemake.params.NEP == 2021: - modifications = modifications.query("source != 'NEP2023'") - elif snakemake.params.NEP == 2023: - modifications = modifications.query("source != 'NEP2021'") - else: - logger.warning( - f"NEP year {snakemake.params.NEP} is not in modifications file. Falling back to NEP2021." - ) - modifications = modifications.query("source != 'NEP2023'") - - costs.loc[modifications.index] = modifications - logger.info( - f"Modifications to the following technologies are applied:\n{list(costs.loc[modifications.index].index.get_level_values(0))}." - ) - - # add carbon component to fossil fuel costs - investment_year = int(snakemake.wildcards.planning_horizons[-4:]) - if (snakemake.params.co2_price_add_on_fossils is not None) and ( - investment_year in snakemake.params.co2_price_add_on_fossils.keys() - ): - co2_price = snakemake.params.co2_price_add_on_fossils[investment_year] - logger.info( - f"Adding carbon component according to a co2 price of {co2_price} €/t to fossil fuel costs." - ) - costs = carbon_component_fossils(costs, co2_price) - - logger.info( - f"Scaling onwind costs towards Fh-ISE for Germany: {costs.loc['onwind', 'investment'].value} {costs.loc['onwind', 'investment'].unit}." - ) - # https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-ariadne/issues/179 - # https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/de/veroeffentlichungen/studien/studie-stromgestehungskosten-erneuerbare-energien.html - costs.at[("onwind", "investment"), "value"] *= 1.12 - - # Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.109506 - costs.at[("biomass boiler", "pelletizing cost"), "value"] += 8.8 - logger.info( - f"Adding transport costs of 8.8 EUR/MWh to solid biomass pelletizing costs. New value: {costs.loc['biomass boiler', 'pelletizing cost'].value} {costs.loc['biomass boiler', 'pelletizing cost'].unit}." - ) - - # Klimaschutz- und Energieagentur Baden-Württemberg (KEA) Technikkatalog - - costs.at[("central water tank storage", "investment"), "value"] *= ( - 1.12 / 0.6133 - ) # KEA costs / 2020 costs - logger.info( - f"Scaling central water tank storage investment costs to KEA Technikkatalog: {costs.loc['central water tank storage', 'investment'].value} {costs.loc['central water tank storage', 'investment'].unit}." - ) - - # decrease Fischer-Tropsch efficiency - costs.at[("Fischer-Tropsch", "efficiency"), "value"] = ( - 1 / costs.at[("Fischer-Tropsch", "hydrogen-input"), "value"] - ) - costs.at[("Fischer-Tropsch", "efficiency"), "source"] = "inverse of hydrogen-input" - - logger.info( - f"Setting Fischer-Tropsch efficiency to 1 / hydrogen-input. New value: {costs.loc['Fischer-Tropsch', 'efficiency'].value} {costs.loc['Fischer-Tropsch', 'efficiency'].unit}." - ) - - # increase FOM of offshore wind connection (fix for costs.csv) - logger.info("Setting FOM of offshore wind connections to 0.35 %.") - costs.loc[("offwind-dc-connection-submarine", "FOM"), "value"] = 0.35 - costs.loc[("offwind-dc-connection-submarine", "FOM"), "unit"] = costs.at[ - ("offwind", "FOM"), "unit" - ] - costs.loc[("offwind-dc-connection-underground", "FOM"), "value"] = 0.35 - costs.loc[("offwind-dc-connection-underground", "FOM"), "unit"] = costs.at[ - ("offwind", "FOM"), "unit" - ] - costs.loc[("offwind-ac-connection-submarine", "FOM"), "value"] = 0.35 - costs.loc[("offwind-ac-connection-submarine", "FOM"), "unit"] = costs.at[ - ("offwind", "FOM"), "unit" - ] - costs.loc[("offwind-ac-connection-underground", "FOM"), "value"] = 0.35 - costs.loc[("offwind-ac-connection-underground", "FOM"), "unit"] = costs.at[ - ("offwind", "FOM"), "unit" - ] - - logger.info("Setting investment cost of hydrogen storage to 0.55 EUR/kWh.") - costs.loc[("hydrogen storage underground", "investment"), "value"] = 0.55 - - costs.to_csv(snakemake.output[0]) diff --git a/scripts/pypsa-de/modify_prenetwork.py b/scripts/pypsa-de/modify_prenetwork.py index 3cab14e62..fe147ae5d 100644 --- a/scripts/pypsa-de/modify_prenetwork.py +++ b/scripts/pypsa-de/modify_prenetwork.py @@ -321,19 +321,21 @@ def unravel_carbonaceous_fuels(n): n.add("Carrier", "renewable oil") n.add("Bus", "DE", x=10.5, y=51.2, carrier="none") - n.add("Bus", "DE oil", location="DE", carrier="oil") - n.add("Bus", "DE oil primary", location="DE", carrier="oil primary") + n.add("Bus", "DE oil", location="DE", carrier="oil", unit="MWh_th") + n.add("Bus", "DE oil primary", location="DE", carrier="oil primary", unit="MWh_th") n.add( "Bus", "DE renewable oil", location="DE", carrier="renewable oil", + unit="MWh_th", ) n.add( "Bus", "EU renewable oil", location="EU", carrier="renewable oil", + unit="MWh_th", ) # add one generator for DE oil primary @@ -467,6 +469,7 @@ def unravel_carbonaceous_fuels(n): "DE methanol", location="DE", carrier="methanol", + unit="MWh_th", ) # change links from EU meoh to DE meoh @@ -626,6 +629,7 @@ def unravel_gasbus(n, costs): "DE gas", location="DE", carrier="gas", + unit="MWh_LHV", ) n.add( @@ -633,6 +637,7 @@ def unravel_gasbus(n, costs): "DE gas primary", location="DE", carrier="gas primary", + unit="MWh_LHV", ) n.add( @@ -678,12 +683,14 @@ def unravel_gasbus(n, costs): "DE renewable gas", carrier="renewable gas", location="DE", + unit="MWh_LHV", ) n.add( "Bus", "EU renewable gas", location="EU", carrier="renewable gas", + unit="MWh_LHV", ) ### renewable gas @@ -1289,15 +1296,8 @@ def scale_capacity(n, scaling): logger.info("Adding PyPSA-DE specific functionality") n = pypsa.Network(snakemake.input.network) - nhours = n.snapshot_weightings.generators.sum() - nyears = nhours / 8760 - - costs = load_costs( - snakemake.input.costs, - snakemake.params.costs, - snakemake.params.max_hours, - nyears, - ) + + costs = load_costs(snakemake.input.costs) modify_mobility_demand(n, snakemake.input.modified_mobility_data) diff --git a/scripts/pypsa-de/plot_ariadne_report.py b/scripts/pypsa-de/plot_ariadne_report.py index 777111c8c..c5e3c8f9a 100644 --- a/scripts/pypsa-de/plot_ariadne_report.py +++ b/scripts/pypsa-de/plot_ariadne_report.py @@ -1796,10 +1796,10 @@ def plot_h2_map(n, regions, savepath, only_de=False): n.plot( geomap=True, - bus_sizes=bus_sizes, - bus_colors=bus_colors, - link_colors=color_h2_pipe, - link_widths=link_widths_total, + bus_size=bus_sizes, + bus_color=bus_colors, + link_color=color_h2_pipe, + link_width=link_widths_total, branch_components=["Link"], ax=ax, **map_opts, @@ -1807,9 +1807,9 @@ def plot_h2_map(n, regions, savepath, only_de=False): n.plot( geomap=True, - bus_sizes=0, - link_colors=color_retrofit, - link_widths=link_widths_retro, + bus_size=0, + link_color=color_retrofit, + link_width=link_widths_retro, branch_components=["Link"], ax=ax, **map_opts, @@ -1817,9 +1817,9 @@ def plot_h2_map(n, regions, savepath, only_de=False): n.plot( geomap=True, - bus_sizes=0, - link_colors=color_kern, - link_widths=link_widths_kern, + bus_size=0, + link_color=color_kern, + link_width=link_widths_kern, branch_components=["Link"], ax=ax, **map_opts, @@ -2125,10 +2125,10 @@ def rename_carriers(carrier): n.plot( geomap=True, - bus_sizes=bus_sizes, - bus_colors=tech_colors, - link_colors=color_h2_pipe, - link_widths=link_widths_total, + bus_size=bus_sizes, + bus_color=tech_colors, + link_color=color_h2_pipe, + link_width=link_widths_total, branch_components=["Link"], ax=ax, **map_opts, @@ -2136,9 +2136,9 @@ def rename_carriers(carrier): n.plot( geomap=True, - bus_sizes=0, - link_colors=color_retrofit, - link_widths=link_widths_retro, + bus_size=0, + link_color=color_retrofit, + link_width=link_widths_retro, branch_components=["Link"], ax=ax, **map_opts, @@ -2146,9 +2146,9 @@ def rename_carriers(carrier): n.plot( geomap=True, - bus_sizes=0, - link_colors=color_kern, - link_widths=link_widths_kern, + bus_size=0, + link_color=color_kern, + link_width=link_widths_kern, branch_components=["Link"], ax=ax, **map_opts, @@ -2381,12 +2381,12 @@ def plot_elec_map_de( m.plot( ax=ax, margin=0.06, - bus_sizes=bus_sizes, - bus_colors=tech_colors, - line_widths=line_widths, - line_colors=tech_colors["AC"], - link_widths=link_widths.clip(0), - link_colors=tech_colors["DC"], + bus_size=bus_sizes, + bus_color=tech_colors, + line_width=line_widths, + line_color=tech_colors["AC"], + link_width=link_widths.clip(0), + link_color=tech_colors["DC"], ) regions_de.to_crs(display_projection.proj4_init).plot( @@ -2495,7 +2495,7 @@ def plot_cap_map_de( savepath, ): m = network.copy() - m.mremove("Bus", m.buses[m.buses.x == 0].index) + m.remove("Bus", m.buses[m.buses.x == 0].index) m.buses.drop(m.buses.index[m.buses.carrier != "AC"], inplace=True) # storage as cmap on map @@ -2578,8 +2578,8 @@ def plot_cap_map_de( m.plot( ax=ax, margin=0.06, - bus_sizes=bus_sizes, - bus_colors=tech_colors, + bus_size=bus_sizes, + bus_color=tech_colors, line_alpha=0, link_alpha=0, ) @@ -2794,16 +2794,11 @@ def plot_h2_trade( ### Modify postnetworks (this might be moved to a separate script) # Load costs (needed for modification) - nhours = int(snakemake.params.hours[:-1]) - nyears = nhours / 8760 costs = list( map( lambda _costs: load_costs( _costs, - snakemake.params.costs, - snakemake.params.max_hours, - nyears, ).multiply(1e-9), # in bn EUR snakemake.input.costs, ) diff --git a/scripts/pypsa-de/retrieve_ariadne_database.py b/scripts/pypsa-de/retrieve_ariadne_database.py index 72ad6c47e..c66b6a8ba 100644 --- a/scripts/pypsa-de/retrieve_ariadne_database.py +++ b/scripts/pypsa-de/retrieve_ariadne_database.py @@ -1,5 +1,6 @@ import logging +import pandas as pd import pyam from scripts._helpers import configure_logging, mock_snakemake @@ -11,9 +12,25 @@ snakemake = mock_snakemake("retrieve_ariadne_database") configure_logging(snakemake) - logger.info("Retrieving from IIASA database 'ariadne2'.") + if snakemake.params.get("source") == "primary": + logger.info("Retrieving from IIASA database 'ariadne2'.") - db = pyam.read_iiasa("ariadne2") + db = pyam.read_iiasa("ariadne2") - logger.info("Successfully retrieved database.") - db.timeseries().to_csv(snakemake.output.data) + logger.info("Successfully retrieved database.") + db.timeseries().to_csv(snakemake.output.data) + + elif snakemake.params.get("source") == "archive": + # Read all sheets first; then select the one called "data". + sheets = pd.read_excel(snakemake.input.raw_xlsx, sheet_name=None) + df = sheets["data"] + df.loc[df["region"] == "DEU", "region"] = "Deutschland" + df.to_csv(snakemake.output.data, index=False) + # template = sheets["variables"] + # template = template.rename( + # columns={ + # "unit": "Unit", + # "variable": "Variable", + # } + # ) + # template.to_excel(snakemake.output.template, index=False, sheet_name="variable_definitions") diff --git a/scripts/retrieve_corine_dataset_primary.py b/scripts/retrieve_corine_dataset_primary.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9d9e4bf17 --- /dev/null +++ b/scripts/retrieve_corine_dataset_primary.py @@ -0,0 +1,158 @@ +# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Contributors to PyPSA-Eur +# +# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT +""" +To download CORINE dataset from the primary data source - https://land.copernicus.eu/en/products/corine-land-cover/clc-2012 + +Usage Instructions: + 1. Login using EU login at https://land.copernicus.eu/user/login and create an API key + 2. Copy API key into the config.default.yaml -> (save from portal) + # secrets: + # corine: '' +""" + +import json +import logging +import time +from json.decoder import JSONDecodeError +from pathlib import Path +from shutil import copy2, unpack_archive + +import jwt +import requests + +from scripts._helpers import configure_logging, set_scenario_config + +logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) + + +def load_access_token(apikey): + # Login using EU login at https://land.copernicus.eu/user/login and create an API key + # Copy API key into the config.default.yaml -> (save from portal) + # secrets: + # corine: '' + try: + service_key = json.loads(apikey) + private_key = service_key["private_key"].encode("utf-8") + claim_set = { + "iss": service_key["client_id"], + "sub": service_key["user_id"], + "aud": service_key["token_uri"], + "iat": int(time.time()), + "exp": int(time.time() + 3600), # max 1 hour + } + assertion = jwt.encode(claim_set, private_key, algorithm="RS256") + + token_request = requests.post( + service_key["token_uri"], + headers={ + "Accept": "application/json", + "Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", + }, + data={ + "grant_type": "urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer", + "assertion": assertion, + }, + ) + token_request.raise_for_status() + data = token_request.json() + access_token = data.get("access_token") + except JSONDecodeError as e: + raise ValueError( + "Missing or invalid access_token for corine. Check usage instructions in the scripts/retrieve_corine_dataset_primary.py script before proceeding" + ) from e + + return access_token + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + if "snakemake" not in globals(): + from scripts._helpers import mock_snakemake + + snakemake = mock_snakemake("retrieve_corine_dataset_primary") + + configure_logging(snakemake) + set_scenario_config(snakemake) + + apikey = snakemake.params["apikey"] + output_zip_file = snakemake.output["zip"] + tif_file = snakemake.output["tif_file"] + access_token = load_access_token(apikey) + + if access_token: + HEADERS = { + "Accept": "application/json", + "Content-Type": "application/json", + "Authorization": f"Bearer {access_token}", + } + + requests.post( + "https://land.copernicus.eu/api/@datarequest_post", + headers=HEADERS, + json={ + "Datasets": [ + { + "DatasetID": "a5ee71470be04d66bcff498f94ceb5dc", + "FileID": "9f992dad-d129-408e-be66-821adbd52a46", + } + ] + }, + ) + + status_url = ( + "https://land.copernicus.eu/api/@datarequest_search?status=Finished_ok" + ) + + download_link = None + + logger.info("Waiting for the download to be prepared...") + + # Wait up to 20 minutes, checking every 60 seconds + for attempt in range(20): + time.sleep(60) # avoid 429 Too Many Requests + response = requests.get(status_url, headers=HEADERS) + + if response.status_code != 200: + logger.info( + f"Attempt {attempt + 1}: Status check failed — {response.status_code}" + ) + continue + + results = response.json() + + for result in results: + if results[result].get("Status") == "Finished_ok": + download_link = results[result].get("DownloadURL") + + if download_link: + file_response = requests.get( + download_link, + headers={ + "Authorization": f"Bearer {access_token}", + "User-Agent": "curl/7.81.0", + }, + allow_redirects=False, + ) + if file_response.status_code == 200: + with open(output_zip_file, "wb") as f: + f.write(file_response.content) + logger.info(f"File saved as {output_zip_file}") + + output_folder = Path(output_zip_file).parent + unpack_archive(output_zip_file, output_folder) + + # unpack the actual dataset inside the downloaded zip - + # with new versions, the folder structures and naming convention might change requiring a revisit here + unpack_archive( + f"{output_folder}/Results/u2018_clc2012_v2020_20u1_raster100m.zip", + f"{output_folder}/Results/", + ) + copy2( + f"{output_folder}/Results/u2018_clc2012_v2020_20u1_raster100m/DATA/U2018_CLC2012_V2020_20u1.tif", + tif_file, + ) + break + + else: + logger.info(f"Access error {file_response.status_code}") + break diff --git a/scripts/retrieve_cost_data.py b/scripts/retrieve_cost_data.py deleted file mode 100644 index aeb8fbbb3..000000000 --- a/scripts/retrieve_cost_data.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,44 +0,0 @@ -# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Contributors to PyPSA-Eur -# -# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT -""" -Retrieve cost data from ``technology-data``. -""" - -import logging -from pathlib import Path - -from scripts._helpers import configure_logging, progress_retrieve, set_scenario_config - -logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) - -if __name__ == "__main__": - if "snakemake" not in globals(): - from scripts._helpers import mock_snakemake - - snakemake = mock_snakemake("retrieve_cost_data", year=2030) - rootpath = ".." - else: - rootpath = "." - configure_logging(snakemake) - set_scenario_config(snakemake) - - version = snakemake.params.version - if "/" in version: - baseurl = f"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/{version}/outputs/" - else: - baseurl = f"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/PyPSA/technology-data/{version}/outputs/" - filepath = Path(snakemake.output[0]) - url = baseurl + filepath.name - - print(url) - - to_fn = Path(rootpath) / filepath - - print(to_fn) - - logger.info(f"Downloading technology data from '{url}'.") - disable_progress = snakemake.config["run"].get("disable_progressbar", False) - progress_retrieve(url, to_fn, disable=disable_progress) - - logger.info(f"Technology data available at at {to_fn}") diff --git a/scripts/retrieve_databundle.py b/scripts/retrieve_databundle.py deleted file mode 100644 index bd096277c..000000000 --- a/scripts/retrieve_databundle.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,61 +0,0 @@ -# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Contributors to PyPSA-Eur -# -# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT -""" -.. image:: https://zenodo.org/badge/DOI/10.5281/zenodo.3517934.svg - :target: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3517934 - -The data bundle contains common GIS datasets like NUTS3 shapes, EEZ shapes, -CORINE Landcover, Natura 2000 and also electricity specific summary statistics -like historic per country yearly totals of hydro generation, GDP and population -data on NUTS3 levels and energy balances. - -This rule downloads the data bundle from `zenodo -`_ and extracts it in the ``data`` -sub-directory, such that all files of the bundle are stored in the -``data/bundle`` subdirectory. -""" - -import logging -import tarfile -from pathlib import Path - -from scripts._helpers import ( - configure_logging, - progress_retrieve, - set_scenario_config, - validate_checksum, -) - -logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) - - -if __name__ == "__main__": - if "snakemake" not in globals(): - from scripts._helpers import mock_snakemake - - snakemake = mock_snakemake("retrieve_databundle") - rootpath = ".." - else: - rootpath = "." - configure_logging(snakemake) - set_scenario_config(snakemake) - - url = "https://zenodo.org/records/15143557/files/bundle.tar.xz" - - tarball_fn = Path(f"{rootpath}/bundle.tar.xz") - to_fn = Path(rootpath) / Path(snakemake.output[0]).parent.parent - - logger.info(f"Downloading databundle from '{url}'.") - disable_progress = snakemake.config["run"].get("disable_progressbar", False) - progress_retrieve(url, tarball_fn, disable=disable_progress) - - validate_checksum(tarball_fn, url) - - logger.info("Extracting databundle.") - tarfile.open(tarball_fn).extractall(to_fn) - - logger.info("Unlinking tarball.") - tarball_fn.unlink() - - logger.info(f"Databundle available in '{to_fn}'.") diff --git a/scripts/retrieve_eurostat_data.py b/scripts/retrieve_eurostat_data.py deleted file mode 100644 index a248072f4..000000000 --- a/scripts/retrieve_eurostat_data.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,52 +0,0 @@ -# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Contributors to PyPSA-Eur -# -# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT -""" -Retrieve and extract eurostat energy balances data. -""" - -import logging -import tempfile -import zipfile -from pathlib import Path - -from scripts._helpers import configure_logging, progress_retrieve, set_scenario_config - -logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) - -if __name__ == "__main__": - if "snakemake" not in globals(): - from scripts._helpers import mock_snakemake - - snakemake = mock_snakemake("retrieve_eurostat_data") - rootpath = ".." - else: - # set to root path of repo or snakemake module - rootpath = Path(snakemake.output[0]).parent.parent.parent - - configure_logging(snakemake) - set_scenario_config(snakemake) - - disable_progress = snakemake.config["run"].get("disable_progressbar", False) - url_eurostat = ( - # "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/38154/4956218/Balances-April2023.zip" # link down - "https://tubcloud.tu-berlin.de/s/prkJpL7B9M3cDPb/download/Balances-April2023.zip" - ) - - to_fn = Path(f"{rootpath}/data/eurostat/Balances-April2023/") - - logger.info(f"Downloading Eurostat data from '{url_eurostat}'.") - - with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".zip", delete=False) as tarball: - tmp_name = tarball.name - - logger.info(f"Using temporary file: {tmp_name}") - progress_retrieve(url_eurostat, tmp_name, disable=disable_progress) - - logger.info("Extracting Eurostat data.") - with zipfile.ZipFile(tmp_name, "r") as zip_ref: - zip_ref.extractall(to_fn) - - logger.info(f"Eurostat data available in '{to_fn}'.") - - Path(tmp_name).unlink(missing_ok=True) diff --git a/scripts/retrieve_eurostat_household_data.py b/scripts/retrieve_eurostat_household_data.py deleted file mode 100644 index febdadeb9..000000000 --- a/scripts/retrieve_eurostat_household_data.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,54 +0,0 @@ -# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Contributors to PyPSA-Eur -# -# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT -""" -Retrieve and extract eurostat household energy balances data. -""" - -import gzip -import logging -import shutil -import tempfile -from pathlib import Path - -from scripts._helpers import configure_logging, progress_retrieve, set_scenario_config - -logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) - -if __name__ == "__main__": - if "snakemake" not in globals(): - from scripts._helpers import mock_snakemake - - snakemake = mock_snakemake("retrieve_eurostat_data") - rootpath = ".." - else: - rootpath = Path(snakemake.output[0]).parent.parent.parent - configure_logging(snakemake) - set_scenario_config(snakemake) - - disable_progress = snakemake.config["run"].get("disable_progressbar", False) - - url_eurostat_household = "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser-backend/api/extraction/1.0/LIVE/false/sdmx/csv/nrg_d_hhq__custom_11480365?startPeriod=2013&endPeriod=2022&i&compressed=true" - to_fn = Path( - f"{rootpath}/data/eurostat/eurostat-household_energy_balances-february_2024.csv" - ) - - logger.info( - f"Downloading Eurostats' disaggregated household energy balances data from '{url_eurostat_household}'." - ) - - with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".gz", delete=False) as tarball: - tmp_name = tarball.name - - logger.info(f"Using temporary file: {tmp_name}") - progress_retrieve(url_eurostat_household, tmp_name, disable=disable_progress) - - logger.info("Extracting Eurostat's disaggregated household energy balance data.") - with gzip.open(tmp_name, "rb") as f_in, open(to_fn, "wb") as f_out: - shutil.copyfileobj(f_in, f_out) - - logger.info( - f"Eurostat's disaggregated household energy balance data available in '{to_fn}'." - ) - - Path(tmp_name).unlink(missing_ok=True) diff --git a/scripts/retrieve_gas_infrastructure_data.py b/scripts/retrieve_gas_infrastructure_data.py deleted file mode 100644 index 55d2b529a..000000000 --- a/scripts/retrieve_gas_infrastructure_data.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,51 +0,0 @@ -# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Contributors to PyPSA-Eur -# -# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT -""" -Retrieve gas infrastructure data from -https://zenodo.org/records/4767098/files/IGGIELGN.zip. -""" - -import logging -import zipfile -from pathlib import Path - -from scripts._helpers import ( - configure_logging, - progress_retrieve, - set_scenario_config, - validate_checksum, -) - -logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) - - -if __name__ == "__main__": - if "snakemake" not in globals(): - from scripts._helpers import mock_snakemake - - snakemake = mock_snakemake("retrieve_gas_network_data") - rootpath = ".." - else: - rootpath = "." - configure_logging(snakemake) - set_scenario_config(snakemake) - - url = "https://zenodo.org/records/4767098/files/IGGIELGN.zip" - - # Save locations - zip_fn = Path(f"{rootpath}/IGGIELGN.zip") - to_fn = Path(rootpath) / Path(snakemake.output[0]).parent.parent - - logger.info(f"Downloading databundle from '{url}'.") - disable_progress = snakemake.config["run"].get("disable_progressbar", False) - progress_retrieve(url, zip_fn, disable=disable_progress) - - validate_checksum(zip_fn, url) - - logger.info("Extracting databundle.") - zipfile.ZipFile(zip_fn).extractall(to_fn) - - zip_fn.unlink() - - logger.info(f"Gas infrastructure data available in '{to_fn}'.") diff --git a/scripts/retrieve_jrc_idees.py b/scripts/retrieve_jrc_idees.py deleted file mode 100644 index 0859118f3..000000000 --- a/scripts/retrieve_jrc_idees.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,43 +0,0 @@ -# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Contributors to PyPSA-Eur -# -# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT -""" -Retrieve and extract JRC IDEES 2021 data. -""" - -import logging -import zipfile - -from scripts._helpers import configure_logging, progress_retrieve, set_scenario_config - -logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) - -# Define the base URL -url_jrc = "https://jeodpp.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ftp/jrc-opendata/JRC-IDEES/JRC-IDEES-2021_v1/JRC-IDEES-2021.zip" - -if __name__ == "__main__": - if "snakemake" not in globals(): - from scripts._helpers import mock_snakemake - - snakemake = mock_snakemake("retrieve_jrc_idees") - rootpath = ".." - else: - rootpath = "." - - configure_logging(snakemake) - set_scenario_config(snakemake) - disable_progress = snakemake.config["run"].get("disable_progressbar", False) - - to_fn = snakemake.output[0] - to_fn_zp = to_fn + ".zip" - - # download .zip file - logger.info(f"Downloading JRC IDEES from '{url_jrc}'.") - progress_retrieve(url_jrc, to_fn_zp, disable=disable_progress) - - # extract - logger.info("Extracting JRC IDEES data.") - with zipfile.ZipFile(to_fn_zp, "r") as zip_ref: - zip_ref.extractall(to_fn) - - logger.info(f"JRC IDEES data available in '{to_fn}'.") diff --git a/scripts/retrieve_osm_data.py b/scripts/retrieve_osm_data.py index 19dce78be..6e397abdd 100644 --- a/scripts/retrieve_osm_data.py +++ b/scripts/retrieve_osm_data.py @@ -17,11 +17,6 @@ import requests -from scripts._helpers import ( # set_scenario_config,; update_config_from_wildcards,; update_config_from_wildcards, - configure_logging, - set_scenario_config, -) - logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) @@ -35,6 +30,10 @@ def retrieve_osm_data( "substations_way", "substations_relation", ], + url="https://overpass-api.de/api/interpreter", + max_tries=3, + timeout=600, + user_agent="", ): """ Retrieve OSM data for the specified country and save it to the specified @@ -55,20 +54,31 @@ def retrieve_osm_data( "substations_way", "substations_relation", ]. + url : str, optional + The URL of the overpass API endpoint. The default is + "https://overpass-api.de/api/interpreter". + max_tries : int, optional + The maximum number of attempts to retrieve the data in case of failure. The + default is 3. + timeout : int, optional + The timeout in seconds for the overpass API requests. The default is 600. + user_agent : str + The User-Agent string to include in the request headers for fair use policy compliance. + """ - # Overpass API endpoint URL - overpass_url = "https://overpass-api.de/api/interpreter" features_dict = { - "cables_way": 'way["power"="cable"]', - "lines_way": 'way["power"="line"]', - "routes_relation": 'relation["route"="power"]', - "substations_way": 'way["power"="substation"]', - "substations_relation": 'relation["power"="substation"]', + "cables_way": ['way["power"="cable"]'], + "lines_way": ['way["power"="line"]'], + "routes_relation": ['relation["route"="power"]', 'relation["power"="circuit"]'], + "substations_way": ['way["power"="substation"]'], + "substations_relation": ['relation["power"="substation"]'], } wait_time = 5 + headers = {"User-Agent": user_agent} + for f in features: if f not in features_dict: logger.info( @@ -78,8 +88,8 @@ def retrieve_osm_data( f"Invalid feature: {f}. Supported features: {list(features_dict.keys())}" ) - retries = 3 - for attempt in range(retries): + max_tries = 3 + for attempt in range(max_tries): logger.info( f" - Fetching OSM data for feature '{f}' in {country} (Attempt {attempt + 1})..." ) @@ -87,16 +97,16 @@ def retrieve_osm_data( # Build the overpass query op_area = f'area["ISO3166-1"="{country}"]' op_query = f""" - [out:json]; + [out:json][timeout:{timeout}]; {op_area}->.searchArea; ( - {features_dict[f]}(area.searchArea); + {" ".join(f"{i}(area.searchArea);" for i in features_dict[f])} ); out body geom; """ try: # Send the request - response = requests.post(overpass_url, data=op_query) + response = requests.post(url, data=op_query, headers=headers) response.raise_for_status() # Raise HTTPError for bad responses filepath = output[f] @@ -113,13 +123,13 @@ def retrieve_osm_data( logger.debug( f"Response text: {response.text if response else 'No response'}" ) - if attempt < retries - 1: + if attempt < max_tries - 1: wait_time += 15 logger.info(f"Waiting {wait_time} seconds before retrying...") time.sleep(wait_time) else: logger.error( - f"Failed to retrieve data for feature '{f}' in country {country} after {retries} attempts." + f"Failed to retrieve data for feature '{f}' in country {country} after {max_tries} attempts." ) except Exception as e: # For now, catch any other exceptions and log them. Treat this @@ -127,13 +137,13 @@ def retrieve_osm_data( logger.error( f"Unexpected error for feature '{f}' in country {country}: {e}" ) - if attempt < retries - 1: + if attempt < max_tries - 1: wait_time += 10 logger.info(f"Waiting {wait_time} seconds before retrying...") time.sleep(wait_time) else: logger.error( - f"Failed to retrieve data for feature '{f}' in country {country} after {retries} attempts." + f"Failed to retrieve data for feature '{f}' in country {country} after {max_tries} attempts." ) @@ -141,12 +151,40 @@ def retrieve_osm_data( if "snakemake" not in globals(): from scripts._helpers import mock_snakemake - snakemake = mock_snakemake("retrieve_osm_data", country="BE") - configure_logging(snakemake) - set_scenario_config(snakemake) + snakemake = mock_snakemake( + "retrieve_osm_data_raw", + country="BE", + ) + + overpass_api = snakemake.params.overpass_api + url = overpass_api["url"] + max_tries = overpass_api["max_tries"] + timeout = overpass_api["timeout"] + + # Build User-Agent header + ua_cfg = overpass_api["user_agent"] + project = ua_cfg["project_name"] + email = ua_cfg["email"] + website = ua_cfg["website"] + + user_agent = f"{project} (Contact: {email}; Website: {website})" # Retrieve the OSM data country = snakemake.wildcards.country output = snakemake.output - retrieve_osm_data(country, output) + retrieve_osm_data( + country, + output, + features=[ + "cables_way", + "lines_way", + "routes_relation", + "substations_way", + "substations_relation", + ], + url=url, + max_tries=max_tries, + timeout=timeout, + user_agent=user_agent, + ) diff --git a/scripts/retrieve_seawater_temperature.py b/scripts/retrieve_seawater_temperature.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c6f63df33 --- /dev/null +++ b/scripts/retrieve_seawater_temperature.py @@ -0,0 +1,117 @@ +# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Contributors to PyPSA-Eur +# +# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT +""" +Retrieve seawater temperature data from Copernicus Marine Service. + +This script downloads historical seawater temperature data for use in sea water +heat pump calculations. It retrieves potential temperature (thetao) data from +the global ocean physics reanalysis dataset at daily resolution. + +The data covers European coastal areas at a spatial resolution of 0.083° and +includes near-surface depths (5-15m) suitable for heat pump applications. + +Relevant Settings +----------------- + +.. code:: yaml + + # No specific configuration required + # Uses year wildcard from Snakemake rule + +Inputs +------ +- None (downloads from Copernicus Marine Service) + +Outputs +------- +- `data/seawater_temperature_{year}.nc`: NetCDF file containing seawater temperature data + +Notes +----- +Requires Copernicus Marine Service credentials configured via copernicusmarine package. +See https://marine.copernicus.eu/ for account setup and API access. +""" + +import logging +import os + +import copernicusmarine +import requests + +from scripts._helpers import ( + configure_logging, + set_scenario_config, + update_config_from_wildcards, +) + +logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) + +if __name__ == "__main__": + if "snakemake" not in globals(): + from _helpers import mock_snakemake + + snakemake = mock_snakemake( + "retrieve_seawater_temperature", + clusters="39", + opts="", + ll="vopt", + sector_opts="", + planning_horizons=2050, + ) + + # Configure logging and scenario + configure_logging(snakemake) + set_scenario_config(snakemake) + update_config_from_wildcards(snakemake.config, snakemake.wildcards) + + if snakemake.params.default_cutout == "be-03-2013-era5": + logger.info("Retrieving test-cutout seawater temperature data.") + + url = "https://zenodo.org/records/15828866/files/seawater_temperature.nc" + + response = requests.get(url, stream=True) + response.raise_for_status() + + with open(snakemake.output.seawater_temperature, "wb") as f: + for chunk in response.iter_content(chunk_size=8192): + f.write(chunk) + + logger.info( + f"Successfully downloaded test-cutout seawater temperature data to {snakemake.output.seawater_temperature}" + ) + else: + # Download seawater temperature data from Copernicus Marine Service + # Dataset: Global Ocean Physics Reanalysis (daily, 0.083° resolution) + # Variable: thetao (potential temperature in °C) + # Spatial coverage: European waters (-12°W to 42°E, 33°N to 72°N) + # Depth range: 5-15m (suitable for heat pump intake depths) + logger.info( + f"Downloading seawater temperature data for year {snakemake.wildcards.year}" + ) + + _ = copernicusmarine.subset( + dataset_id="cmems_mod_glo_phy_my_0.083deg_P1D-m", # Global ocean physics reanalysis + start_datetime=f"{snakemake.wildcards.year}-01-01", + end_datetime=f"{int(snakemake.wildcards.year)}-12-31", + minimum_longitude=-12, # Western European boundary + maximum_longitude=42, # Eastern European boundary + minimum_latitude=33, # Southern European boundary + maximum_latitude=72, # Northern European boundary + variables=["thetao"], # Potential temperature [°C] + minimum_depth=5, # Near-surface depth for heat pumps [m] + maximum_depth=15, # Near-surface depth for heat pumps [m] + output_filename=snakemake.output.seawater_temperature, + ) + + # Verify successful download + if not os.path.exists(snakemake.output.seawater_temperature): + raise FileNotFoundError( + f"Failed to retrieve seawater temperature data and save to {snakemake.output.seawater_temperature}. " + f"One reason might be missing Copernicus Marine login info. " + f"See the copernicusmarine package documentation for details." + ) + + logger.info( + f"Successfully downloaded seawater temperature data to {snakemake.output.seawater_temperature}" + ) diff --git a/scripts/retrieve_tyndp_bundle.py b/scripts/retrieve_tyndp_bundle.py deleted file mode 100644 index f7a69301d..000000000 --- a/scripts/retrieve_tyndp_bundle.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,83 +0,0 @@ -# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2024 The PyPSA-Eur Authors -# -# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT -""" -The retrieved data includes the node list and the reference grids from the Ten-Year Network Development Plan (TYNDP) 2024. - -This rule downloads the TYNDP data bundle from the `ENTSOs website -` and extracts it in the ``data/tyndp_2024_bundle`` -subdirectory. - -**Outputs** - -- ``data/tyndp_2024_bundle/Line data/ReferenceGrid_Electricity.xlsx``: reference grid from TYNDP 2024 -- ``data/tyndp_2024_bundle/Nodes/LIST OF NODES.xlsx``: list of nodes from TYNDP 2024 - -""" - -import logging -import os -import shutil -import zipfile -from pathlib import Path - -from _helpers import configure_logging, progress_retrieve, set_scenario_config -from tqdm import tqdm - -logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) - -# Define the base URL -url_electricity = ( - "https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Line-data.zip" -) -url_buses = ( - "https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Nodes.zip" -) - - -def retrieve_bundle(url: str, to_fn: str, disable_progress: bool = False): - to_fn_zp = Path(to_fn, Path(url).name) - - # download .zip file - logger.info(f"Downloading TYNDP data bundle from '{url}'.") - progress_retrieve(url, to_fn_zp, disable=disable_progress) - - # extract - logger.info("Extracting TYNDP data bundle.") - with zipfile.ZipFile(to_fn_zp, "r") as zip_ref: - zip_ref.extractall(to_fn) - - # remove .zip file and __MACOSX - os.remove(to_fn_zp) - shutil.rmtree(Path(to_fn, "__MACOSX"), ignore_errors=True) - - -if __name__ == "__main__": - if "snakemake" not in globals(): - from _helpers import mock_snakemake - - snakemake = mock_snakemake("retrieve_tyndp_bundle") - - configure_logging(snakemake) - set_scenario_config(snakemake) - disable_progress = snakemake.config["run"].get("disable_progressbar", False) - - to_fn = Path(snakemake.output.reference_grid).parents[1] - urls = [ - url_electricity, - url_buses, - ] - - # Retrieve TYNDP data - tqdm_kwargs = { - "ascii": False, - "unit": " bundle", - "total": len(urls), - "desc": "Retrieving TYNDP data bundle", - "disable": disable_progress, - } - - for url in tqdm(urls, **tqdm_kwargs): - retrieve_bundle(url, to_fn, disable_progress) - - logger.info(f"TYNDP data bundle available in '{to_fn}'.") diff --git a/scripts/solve_network.py b/scripts/solve_network.py index 55871d5f3..6c365a410 100644 --- a/scripts/solve_network.py +++ b/scripts/solve_network.py @@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ import pypsa import xarray as xr import yaml +from linopy.remote.oetc import OetcCredentials, OetcHandler, OetcSettings from pypsa.descriptors import get_activity_mask from pypsa.descriptors import get_switchable_as_dense as get_as_dense @@ -457,17 +458,15 @@ def prepare_network( n.links_t.p_min_pu, n.storage_units_t.inflow, ): - df.where(df > solve_opts["clip_p_max_pu"], other=0.0, inplace=True) + df.where(df.abs() > solve_opts["clip_p_max_pu"], other=0.0, inplace=True) if load_shedding := solve_opts.get("load_shedding"): # intersect between macroeconomic and surveybased willingness to pay # http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fenrg.2015.00055/full - # TODO: retrieve color and nice name from config - n.add("Carrier", "load", color="#dd2e23", nice_name="Load shedding") + n.add("Carrier", "load") buses_i = n.buses.index - if not np.isscalar(load_shedding): - # TODO: do not scale via sign attribute (use Eur/MWh instead of Eur/kWh) - load_shedding = 1e2 # Eur/kWh + if isinstance(load_shedding, bool): + load_shedding = 1e5 # Eur/MWh n.add( "Generator", @@ -475,9 +474,8 @@ def prepare_network( " load", bus=buses_i, carrier="load", - sign=1e-3, # Adjust sign to measure p and p_nom in kW instead of MW - marginal_cost=load_shedding, # Eur/kWh - p_nom=1e9, # kW + marginal_cost=load_shedding, # Eur/MWh + p_nom=np.inf, ) if solve_opts.get("curtailment_mode"): @@ -515,7 +513,7 @@ def prepare_network( n.set_snapshots(n.snapshots[:nhours]) n.snapshot_weightings[:] = 8760.0 / nhours - if foresight == "myopic": + if foresight == "myopic" and planning_horizons: add_land_use_constraint(n, planning_horizons) if foresight == "perfect": @@ -1273,123 +1271,142 @@ def check_objective_value(n: pypsa.Network, solving: dict) -> None: ) -def solve_network( - n: pypsa.Network, +def collect_kwargs( config: dict, - params: dict, solving: dict, - rule_name: str | None = None, planning_horizons: str | None = None, - **kwargs, -) -> None: + log_fn: str | None = None, + mode: str = "single", +) -> tuple[dict, dict]: """ - Solve network optimization problem. + Prepare keyword arguments separated for model creation and model solving. Parameters ---------- - n : pypsa.Network - The PyPSA network instance - config : Dict + config : dict Configuration dictionary containing solver settings - params : Dict - Dictionary of solving parameters - solving : Dict + solving : dict Dictionary of solving options and configuration - rule_name : str, optional - Name of the snakemake rule being executed planning_horizons : str, optional - The current planning horizon year or None in perfect foresight - **kwargs - Additional keyword arguments passed to the solver + The current planning horizon year or None in perfect foresight + log_fn : str, optional + Path to solver log file + mode : str, optional + Optimization mode: 'single', 'rolling_horizon', or 'iterative' + Default is 'single' Returns ------- - n : pypsa.Network - Solved network instance - status : str - Solution status - condition : str - Termination condition - - Raises - ------ - RuntimeError - If solving status is infeasible or warning - ObjectiveValueError - If objective value differs from expected value + tuple[dict, dict] + Two dictionaries: (model_kwargs, solve_kwargs) + - model_kwargs: Arguments for n.optimize.create_model() + - solve_kwargs: Arguments for n.optimize.solve_model() + For 'rolling_horizon' and 'iterative' modes, returns merged kwargs + with additional mode-specific parameters """ set_of_options = solving["solver"]["options"] cf_solving = solving["options"] - kwargs["multi_investment_periods"] = config["foresight"] == "perfect" - kwargs["solver_options"] = ( - solving["solver_options"][set_of_options] if set_of_options else {} - ) - kwargs["solver_name"] = solving["solver"]["name"] - kwargs["extra_functionality"] = partial( - extra_functionality, planning_horizons=planning_horizons - ) - kwargs["transmission_losses"] = cf_solving.get("transmission_losses", False) - kwargs["linearized_unit_commitment"] = cf_solving.get( + # Model creation kwargs + model_kwargs = {} + model_kwargs["multi_investment_periods"] = config["foresight"] == "perfect" + model_kwargs["transmission_losses"] = cf_solving.get("transmission_losses", False) + model_kwargs["linearized_unit_commitment"] = cf_solving.get( "linearized_unit_commitment", False ) - kwargs["assign_all_duals"] = cf_solving.get("assign_all_duals", False) - kwargs["io_api"] = cf_solving.get("io_api", None) - kwargs["model_kwargs"] = cf_solving.get("model_kwargs", {}) - kwargs["keep_files"] = cf_solving.get("keep_files", False) + # Solve kwargs + solver_name = solving["solver"]["name"] + solver_options = solving["solver_options"][set_of_options] if set_of_options else {} + + solve_kwargs = {} + solve_kwargs["solver_name"] = solver_name + solve_kwargs["solver_options"] = solver_options + solve_kwargs["assign_all_duals"] = cf_solving.get("assign_all_duals", False) + solve_kwargs["io_api"] = cf_solving.get("io_api", None) + solve_kwargs["keep_files"] = cf_solving.get("keep_files", False) + + if log_fn: + solve_kwargs["log_fn"] = log_fn + + oetc = solving.get("oetc", None) + if oetc: + oetc["credentials"] = OetcCredentials( + email=os.environ["OETC_EMAIL"], password=os.environ["OETC_PASSWORD"] + ) + oetc["solver"] = solver_name + oetc["solver_options"] = solver_options + oetc_settings = OetcSettings(**oetc) + oetc_handler = OetcHandler(oetc_settings) + solve_kwargs["remote"] = oetc_handler - if kwargs["solver_name"] == "gurobi": + if solver_name == "gurobi": logging.getLogger("gurobipy").setLevel(logging.CRITICAL) - rolling_horizon = cf_solving.pop("rolling_horizon", False) - skip_iterations = cf_solving.pop("skip_iterations", False) - if not n.lines.s_nom_extendable.any(): - skip_iterations = True - logger.info("No expandable lines found. Skipping iterative solving.") + # Handle special modes + if mode == "rolling_horizon": + all_kwargs = {**model_kwargs, **solve_kwargs} + all_kwargs["horizon"] = cf_solving.get("horizon", 365) + all_kwargs["overlap"] = cf_solving.get("overlap", 0) + return all_kwargs, {} - # add to network for extra_functionality - n.config = config - n.params = params + elif mode == "iterative": + all_kwargs = {**model_kwargs, **solve_kwargs} + all_kwargs["track_iterations"] = cf_solving["track_iterations"] + all_kwargs["min_iterations"] = cf_solving["min_iterations"] + all_kwargs["max_iterations"] = cf_solving["max_iterations"] - if rolling_horizon and rule_name == "solve_operations_network": - kwargs["horizon"] = cf_solving.get("horizon", 365) - kwargs["overlap"] = cf_solving.get("overlap", 0) - n.optimize.optimize_with_rolling_horizon(**kwargs) - status, condition = "", "" - elif skip_iterations: - status, condition = n.optimize(**kwargs) - else: - kwargs["track_iterations"] = cf_solving["track_iterations"] - kwargs["min_iterations"] = cf_solving["min_iterations"] - kwargs["max_iterations"] = cf_solving["max_iterations"] - if cf_solving["post_discretization"].pop("enable"): + if cf_solving["post_discretization"].get("enable", False): logger.info("Add post-discretization parameters.") - kwargs.update(cf_solving["post_discretization"]) - status, condition = n.optimize.optimize_transmission_expansion_iteratively( - **kwargs - ) + all_kwargs.update(cf_solving["post_discretization"]) - if not rolling_horizon: - if status != "ok": - logger.warning( - f"Solving status '{status}' with termination condition '{condition}'" - ) - check_objective_value(n, solving) + return all_kwargs, {} - if "warning" in condition: - raise RuntimeError("Solving status 'warning'. Discarding solution.") + return model_kwargs, solve_kwargs - if "infeasible" in condition: - labels = n.model.compute_infeasibilities() - logger.info(f"Labels:\n{labels}") - n.model.print_infeasibilities() - raise RuntimeError("Solving status 'infeasible'. Infeasibilities computed.") - if status == "warning": - raise RuntimeError( - "Solving status 'warning'. Results may not be reliable. Aborting." - ) +def create_optimization_model( + n: pypsa.Network, + config: dict, + params: dict, + model_kwargs: dict, + solve_kwargs: dict, + planning_horizons: str | None = None, +) -> None: + """ + Prepare optimization problem by creating model and adding extra functionality. + + This function: + 1. Attaches config and params to network for extra_functionality + 2. Creates the optimization model + 3. Adds extra functionality (custom constraints) + + Parameters + ---------- + n : pypsa.Network + The PyPSA network instance + config : dict + Configuration dictionary containing solver settings + params : dict + Dictionary of solving parameters + model_kwargs : dict + Arguments for n.optimize.create_model() + solve_kwargs : dict + Arguments for n.optimize.solve_model() + planning_horizons : str, optional + The current planning horizon year or None in perfect foresight + """ + # Add config and params to network for extra_functionality + n.config = config + n.params = params + + # Create optimization model + logger.info("Creating optimization model...") + n.optimize.create_model(**model_kwargs) + + # Add extra functionality (custom constraints) + logger.info("Adding extra functionality (custom constraints)...") + extra_functionality(n, n.snapshots, planning_horizons) return n @@ -1411,12 +1428,15 @@ def solve_network( update_config_from_wildcards(snakemake.config, snakemake.wildcards) solve_opts = snakemake.params.solving["options"] + cf_solving = snakemake.params.solving["options"] np.random.seed(solve_opts.get("seed", 123)) + # Load network n = pypsa.Network(snakemake.input.network) planning_horizons = snakemake.wildcards.get("planning_horizons", None) + # Prepare network (settings before solving) prepare_network( n, solve_opts=snakemake.params.solving["options"], @@ -1426,24 +1446,105 @@ def solve_network( limit_max_growth=snakemake.params.get("sector", {}).get("limit_max_growth"), ) + # Determine solve mode + rolling_horizon = cf_solving.get("rolling_horizon", False) + skip_iterations = cf_solving.get("skip_iterations", False) + + if not n.lines.s_nom_extendable.any(): + skip_iterations = True + logger.info("No expandable lines found. Skipping iterative solving.") + logging_frequency = snakemake.config.get("solving", {}).get( "mem_logging_frequency", 30 ) + + # Solve network based on mode with memory_logger( filename=getattr(snakemake.log, "memory", None), interval=logging_frequency ) as mem: - solve_network( - n, - config=snakemake.config, - params=snakemake.params, - solving=snakemake.params.solving, - planning_horizons=planning_horizons, - rule_name=snakemake.rule, - log_fn=snakemake.log.solver, - ) + if rolling_horizon and snakemake.rule == "solve_operations_network": + logger.info("Using rolling horizon optimization...") + all_kwargs, _ = collect_kwargs( + snakemake.config, + snakemake.params.solving, + planning_horizons, + log_fn=snakemake.log.solver, + mode="rolling_horizon", + ) + + n.config = snakemake.config + n.params = snakemake.params + all_kwargs["extra_functionality"] = partial( + extra_functionality, planning_horizons=planning_horizons + ) + n.optimize.optimize_with_rolling_horizon(**all_kwargs) + status, condition = "", "" + + elif skip_iterations: + logger.info("Using single-pass optimization...") + model_kwargs, solve_kwargs = collect_kwargs( + snakemake.config, + snakemake.params.solving, + planning_horizons, + log_fn=snakemake.log.solver, + mode="single", + ) + create_optimization_model( + n, + config=snakemake.config, + params=snakemake.params, + model_kwargs=model_kwargs, + solve_kwargs=solve_kwargs, + planning_horizons=planning_horizons, + ) + + logger.info("Solving model...") + status, condition = n.optimize.solve_model(**solve_kwargs) + + else: + logger.info("Using iterative transmission expansion optimization...") + + all_kwargs, _ = collect_kwargs( + snakemake.config, + snakemake.params.solving, + planning_horizons, + log_fn=snakemake.log.solver, + mode="iterative", + ) + + n.config = snakemake.config + n.params = snakemake.params + all_kwargs["extra_functionality"] = partial( + extra_functionality, planning_horizons=planning_horizons + ) + status, condition = n.optimize.optimize_transmission_expansion_iteratively( + **all_kwargs + ) logger.info(f"Maximum memory usage: {mem.mem_usage}") + # Check results + if not rolling_horizon: + if status != "ok": + logger.warning( + f"Solving status '{status}' with termination condition '{condition}'" + ) + check_objective_value(n, snakemake.params.solving) + + if "warning" in condition: + raise RuntimeError("Solving status 'warning'. Discarding solution.") + + if "infeasible" in condition: + labels = n.model.compute_infeasibilities() + logger.info(f"Labels:\n{labels}") + n.model.print_infeasibilities() + raise RuntimeError("Solving status 'infeasible'. Infeasibilities computed.") + + if status == "warning": + raise RuntimeError( + "Solving status 'warning'. Results may not be reliable. Aborting." + ) + n.meta = dict(snakemake.config, **dict(wildcards=dict(snakemake.wildcards))) n.export_to_netcdf(snakemake.output.network) diff --git a/scripts/solve_operations_network.py b/scripts/solve_operations_network.py index 5f819cc3e..a65f9cd8c 100644 --- a/scripts/solve_operations_network.py +++ b/scripts/solve_operations_network.py @@ -11,12 +11,16 @@ import numpy as np import pypsa +from scripts._benchmark import memory_logger from scripts._helpers import ( configure_logging, set_scenario_config, update_config_from_wildcards, ) -from scripts.solve_network import prepare_network, solve_network +from scripts.solve_network import ( + collect_kwargs, + prepare_network, +) logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) @@ -39,21 +43,55 @@ update_config_from_wildcards(snakemake.config, snakemake.wildcards) solve_opts = snakemake.params.options + cf_solving = snakemake.params.solving["options"] np.random.seed(solve_opts.get("seed", 123)) n = pypsa.Network(snakemake.input.network) + planning_horizons = snakemake.wildcards.get("planning_horizons", None) + # Fix capacities from previous optimization n.optimize.fix_optimal_capacities() - n = prepare_network(n, solve_opts, config=snakemake.config) - n = solve_network( + + # Prepare network (settings before solving) + prepare_network( n, - config=snakemake.config, - params=snakemake.params, - solving=snakemake.params.solving, + solve_opts=snakemake.params.solving["options"], + foresight=snakemake.params.foresight, + planning_horizons=planning_horizons, + co2_sequestration_potential=snakemake.params["co2_sequestration_potential"], + limit_max_growth=snakemake.params.get("sector", {}).get("limit_max_growth"), + ) + + # Check if rolling horizon is enabled + rolling_horizon = cf_solving.get("rolling_horizon", False) + mode = "rolling_horizon" if rolling_horizon else "single" + + # Collect solver arguments + all_kwargs, _ = collect_kwargs( + snakemake.config, + snakemake.params.solving, + planning_horizons, log_fn=snakemake.log.solver, - rule_name=snakemake.rule, + mode=mode, ) + logging_frequency = snakemake.config.get("solving", {}).get( + "mem_logging_frequency", 30 + ) + + # Solve network + with memory_logger( + filename=getattr(snakemake.log, "memory", None), interval=logging_frequency + ) as mem: + if rolling_horizon: + logger.info("Solving operations network with rolling horizon...") + n.optimize.optimize_with_rolling_horizon(**all_kwargs) + else: + logger.info("Solving operations network...") + n.optimize(**all_kwargs) + + logger.info(f"Maximum memory usage: {mem.mem_usage}") + n.meta = dict(snakemake.config, **dict(wildcards=dict(snakemake.wildcards))) - n.export_to_netcdf(snakemake.output[0]) + n.export_to_netcdf(snakemake.output.network) diff --git a/scripts/time_aggregation.py b/scripts/time_aggregation.py index 04dd574f1..0cf119211 100644 --- a/scripts/time_aggregation.py +++ b/scripts/time_aggregation.py @@ -48,6 +48,14 @@ n = pypsa.Network(snakemake.input.network) resolution = snakemake.params.time_resolution + if resolution["resolution_elec"] not in (False, 1, "1h", "1H"): + raise ValueError( + f"Invalid configuration: expected 'resolution_elec' = False for the " + f"sector-coupled model, received {resolution['resolution_elec']!r}. " + "Use 'resolution_sector' to define temporal resolution instead." + ) + resolution = resolution["resolution_sector"] + # Representative snapshots if not resolution or isinstance(resolution, str) and "sn" in resolution.lower(): logger.info("Use representative snapshot or no aggregation at all") diff --git a/utils/create_zenodo_deposition_cli.py b/utils/create_zenodo_deposition_cli.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ebfc404b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/utils/create_zenodo_deposition_cli.py @@ -0,0 +1,763 @@ +# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Contributors to PyPSA-Eur +# +# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT + +import csv +import json +import logging +import os +import re +from datetime import datetime +from pathlib import Path +from typing import Annotated + +import requests +import typer +from dotenv import load_dotenv +from tqdm import tqdm +from tqdm.utils import CallbackIOWrapper + +logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) +logger.setLevel(logging.INFO) + +load_dotenv() # Load environment variables from .env file if it exists + +app = typer.Typer() + +API_URLS = { + "sandbox": "https://sandbox.zenodo.org/api", + "production": "https://zenodo.org/api", +} + +ZENODO_API_URL = None +ZENODO_API_KEY = None +VERSIONS_CSV = Path("data/versions.csv") + + +def get_access_token(sandbox: bool): + """ + Prompt user for Zenodo API access token if undefined. + """ + global ZENODO_API_KEY + key_name = None + if sandbox: + key_name = "ZENODO_SANDBOX_API_KEY" + else: + key_name = "ZENODO_API_KEY" + + # Get the Zenodo API key from environment variables + ZENODO_API_KEY = os.getenv(key_name) + + # Let user know that they first need to set the API key + if not ZENODO_API_KEY: + typer.secho( + f"No Zenodo API key found in environment variables.\n" + f"Please set the environment variable {key_name} before running this script.\n" + f" * Option 1: Set the environment variables directly, e.g. 'export {key_name}='\n" + f" * Option 2: Create a `.env` file in the current directory with the following content:\n" + f" {key_name}=''\n" + "Make sure to replace '' with your actual Zenodo API token.\n" + "Visit (https://zenodo.org/account/settings/applications/tokens/) to generate a new token.", + fg=typer.colors.RED, + ) + raise typer.Exit() + + +def read_versions_csv() -> list[dict]: + """ + Read the versions CSV file and return its contents as a list of dictionaries. + + Returns + ------- + list of dict + List of rows from the versions CSV file. + """ + if not VERSIONS_CSV.exists(): + raise FileNotFoundError( + f"Versions CSV file not found at {VERSIONS_CSV}. Please create and populate it first." + ) + rows = [] + with open(VERSIONS_CSV, newline="") as f: + for row in csv.DictReader(f): + # Fix tags column to always be a list + row["tags"] = ( + json.loads(row["tags"].replace("'", '"')) if row["tags"] else [] + ) + rows.append(row) + return rows + + +def write_versions_csv(rows: list[dict]): + """ + Write a list of dictionaries to the versions CSV file. + + Parameters + ---------- + rows : list of dict + The rows to write to the CSV file. + """ + + for row in rows: + # Ensure tags are always a JSON string with single quotes + row["tags"] = json.dumps(row["tags"]).replace('"', "'") + + with open(VERSIONS_CSV, "w", newline="") as f: + writer = csv.DictWriter( + f, + fieldnames=["dataset", "source", "version", "tags", "url", "note"], + quotechar='"', + quoting=csv.QUOTE_ALL, + ) + writer.writeheader() + writer.writerows(rows) + + +def prompt_choice(options: list[str], prompt_text: str) -> str: + """ + Prompt the user to select an option from a list by number, + + Parameters + ---------- + options : list of str + The available options. + prompt_text : str + The prompt to display. + + Returns + ------- + str + The selected or custom value. + """ + display_options = options.copy() + + # List options with prepended numbers + typer.echo(prompt_text) + for idx, option in enumerate(display_options, 1): + typer.echo(f"{idx}: {option}") + + while True: + # Prompt user for choice + if len(display_options) == 1: + # Only one option, use as default + choice = typer.prompt("Select (1)", default="1") + else: + choice = typer.prompt(f"Select (1-{len(display_options)})") + + # Valid choice + if choice.isdigit() and 1 <= int(choice) <= len(display_options): + return display_options[int(choice) - 1] + + # Invalid choice; prompt user again + typer.echo("Invalid selection. Please enter a number from the list.") + + +def get_latest_versions(rows, source): + """ + Get the latest versions for a given source. + + Parameters + ---------- + rows : list of dict + The rows from the versions CSV. + source : str + The source to filter by. + + Returns + ------- + list of dict + The filtered and sorted latest versions. + """ + latest = [ + row + for row in rows + if row["source"] == source and "latest" in row["tags"] and row.get("url") + ] + return sorted(latest, key=lambda r: r["dataset"]) + + +def get_dataset_versions(rows, dataset, source): + """ + Get all versions for a given dataset. + + Parameters + ---------- + rows : list of dict + The rows from the versions CSV. + dataset : str + The dataset name. + + Returns + ------- + list of str + The versions for the dataset. + """ + return [ + row["version"] + for row in rows + if row["dataset"] == dataset and row["source"] == source + ] + + +def get_potential_datasets(): + """ + Get all dataset folders that have an archive subfolder and are thus potential candidates for a new upload. + + Returns + ------- + list of str + The dataset names that have an archive subfolder. + """ + # Find all dataset folders in the 'data' directory; + # indicated by the presence of an 'archive' subfolder with contents + return sorted(set(f.parts[-3] for f in Path().rglob("data/*/archive/*/"))) + + +def get_archive_folders(dataset): + """ + Get all archive folders for a dataset. + + Parameters + ---------- + dataset : str + The dataset name. + + Returns + ------- + list of str + The archive folder names. + """ + archive_path = Path(f"data/{dataset}/archive") + if not archive_path.exists(): + return [] + return sorted([f.name for f in archive_path.iterdir() if f.is_dir()]) + + +def create_zenodo_deposition(metadata: dict, files: list[Path]) -> requests.Response: + """ + Create a new Zenodo deposition with the specified metadata and files. + + Parameters + ---------- + metadata : dict, optional + The metadata for the deposition. + files : list of Path, optional + The files to upload to the deposition. + + Returns + ------- + Response + The response from the Zenodo API after creating the deposition. + """ + logger.debug("Creating new Zenodo deposition") + r = requests.post( + f"{ZENODO_API_URL}/deposit/depositions", + params={"access_token": ZENODO_API_KEY}, + json={}, + headers={"Content-Type": "application/json"}, + ) + logger.debug(f"Response from Zenodo API: {r.status_code} {r.text}") + r.raise_for_status() + bucket_url = r.json()["links"]["bucket"] + deposition_url = r.json()["links"]["self"] + + logger.debug(f"Adding metadata to the deposition at {deposition_url}") + logger.debug(f"Metadata: {json.dumps(metadata, indent=2)}") + # Update metadata of the deposition + r = requests.put( + deposition_url, + params={"access_token": ZENODO_API_KEY}, + data=json.dumps({"metadata": metadata}), + headers={"Content-Type": "application/json"}, + ) + + r.raise_for_status() + + # Upload files one-by-one to the bucket + for file in files: + with open(file, "rb") as fp: + # Progressbar on request.puts https://gist.github.com/tyhoff/b757e6af83c1fd2b7b83057adf02c139 + with tqdm( + total=file.stat().st_size, + unit="B", + unit_scale=True, + unit_divisor=1024, + desc=f"Uploading {file.name}", + ) as pbar: + wrapped_file = CallbackIOWrapper(pbar.update, fp, "read") + upload_response = requests.put( + f"{bucket_url}/{file.name}", + data=wrapped_file, + params={"access_token": ZENODO_API_KEY}, + ) + upload_response.raise_for_status() + # Add done to the progress bar + pbar.update(file.stat().st_size) + + return r + + +def publish_zenodo_deposition(deposition_id: int) -> requests.Response: + """ + Publish a Zenodo deposition. + + Parameters + ---------- + deposition_id : int + The ID of the deposition to publish. + + Returns + ------- + Response + The response from the Zenodo API after publishing the deposition. + """ + r = requests.post( + f"{ZENODO_API_URL}/deposit/depositions/{deposition_id}/actions/publish", + params={"access_token": ZENODO_API_KEY}, + ) + r.raise_for_status() + return r + + +def add_version_row( + rows, dataset, source, version, tags, url, note, remove_latest=True +): + """ + Add a new version row to the list of rows. + + Parameters + ---------- + rows : list of dict + The existing rows from the versions CSV. + dataset : str + The dataset name. + source : str + The source of the dataset, likely "archive". + version : str + The version name. + tags : list of str + The tags for the new version. + url : str + The Zenodo URL. + note : str + A note for the new version. + remove_latest : bool, optional + Whether to remove the 'latest' tag from the existing latest version (default is True). + + Returns + ------- + list of dict + The updated rows. + """ + + # Find the index of the row of the latest version for the dataset + latest_index = next( + ( + i + for i, row in enumerate(rows) + if row["dataset"] == dataset + and "latest" in row["tags"] + and row["source"] == source + ), + None, + ) + + # If a latest version exists, remove the 'latest' tag from it + if latest_index is not None and remove_latest: + rows[latest_index]["tags"] = [ + tag for tag in (rows[latest_index]["tags"]) if tag != "latest" + ] + + # Add the new version row with 'latest' and 'supported' tags ... + new_row = { + "dataset": dataset, + "source": source, + "version": version, + "tags": tags, + "url": url, + "note": note, + } + + # ... either behind the latest version or at the end of the list + if latest_index is not None: + # Insert the new row after the latest version + rows.insert(latest_index + 1, new_row) + else: + # Append to the end if no latest version exists + rows.append(new_row) + + return rows + + +def get_deposition_by_url(record_id, api_url, api_key) -> dict: + """ + Retrieve a Zenodo deposition by its API URL. + + Parameters + ---------- + url : str + The Zenodo deposition API URL. + + Returns + ------- + dict + The deposition metadata as a dictionary. + """ + r = requests.get( + f"{api_url}/records/{record_id}", # Use /records/ for Zenodo API instead of /deposit/depositions/ endpoint, to enable access to records that are not owned by the user + params={"access_token": api_key}, + headers={"Content-Type": "application/json"}, + ) + r.raise_for_status() + return r.json() + + +def extract_zenodo_deposition_url(record_url: str) -> tuple[str, str]: + """ + Given a Zenodo record or record file URL, return the corresponding deposition API URL. + + Parameters + ---------- + record_url : str + The Zenodo record or record file URL. + + Returns + ------- + str + Zenodo record ID. + str or None + The Zenodo deposition API URL, or None if extraction fails. + """ + # Match both sandbox and production, with or without /files/... + m = re.match( + r"https://(?:sandbox\.)?zenodo\.org/records/(\d+)(/files/.*)?", record_url + ) + if not m: + raise ValueError(f"Invalid Zenodo record URL format: {record_url}. ") + record_id = m.group(1) + + return (record_id, f"{ZENODO_API_URL}/{record_id}") + + +@app.command() +def main( + sandbox: Annotated[ + bool, + typer.Option( + help="Use Zenodo sandbox environment instead of production.", + ), + ] = False, + debug: Annotated[bool, typer.Option(help="Enable debug mode.")] = False, +): + """ + Guide the user through creating a new Zenodo deposition or version. + """ + global ZENODO_API_URL + ZENODO_API_URL = API_URLS["sandbox"] if sandbox else API_URLS["production"] + + if sandbox: + typer.secho( + "************************\n" + "***** SANDBOX MODE *****\n" + "************************\n", + fg=typer.colors.YELLOW, + ) + if debug: + logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG) + typer.secho("Debug mode enabled.", fg=typer.colors.YELLOW) + + typer.secho("=" * 80, fg=typer.colors.CYAN) + typer.echo( + "This script helps you create/upload a new dataset version on Zenodo.\n" + "To create/upload a new dataset version:\n" + " * Place the dataset that you want to upload into the 'data//archive/' folder.\n" + " * If this is a new dataset, create the folder 'data//archive/' first.\n" + "Sticking with this naming convention is important for PyPSA-Eur and for this script to work properly.\n" + "You can pause here and create the folder and move the files into it if you haven't done so yet.\n" + ) + typer.secho("=" * 80, fg=typer.colors.CYAN) + get_access_token(sandbox) + + action = prompt_choice( + ["release", "create"], + "\nSelect whether you want to (release) a new version to an existing dataset or (create) a new dataset?", + ) + rows = read_versions_csv() + + # All datasets that are recorded in the data/versions.csv and have a 'latest' tag + latest = get_latest_versions(rows, "archive") + + # Logic is slightly different for 'release' and 'create': + if action == "release": + if not latest: + typer.secho( + "No datasets with source 'archive' and a Zenodo URL found.", + fg=typer.colors.RED, + ) + raise typer.Exit() + + dataset_names = [row["dataset"] for row in latest] + dataset_name = prompt_choice( + dataset_names, "\nSelect a dataset to create a new version release for" + ) + elif action == "create": + dataset_names = get_potential_datasets() + dataset_names = [ + ds for ds in dataset_names if ds not in {l["dataset"] for l in latest} + ] + if not dataset_names: + typer.secho( + "No new datasets found in 'data' that contain an 'archive' subfolder. " + "Please create a dataset folder with an 'archive' subfolder first in 'data//archive/'.", + fg=typer.colors.RED, + ) + raise typer.Exit() + dataset_name = prompt_choice(dataset_names, "\nSelect a new dataset to upload") + + # Get potential folders for new version + typer.echo("Fetching new version folders...") + potential_folders = get_archive_folders(dataset_name) + + if not potential_folders: + typer.secho( + f"No archive folders found in data/{dataset_name}/archive. Please create a folder with the new version files first.", + fg=typer.colors.RED, + ) + raise typer.Exit() + + # Exclude all folders for which version entres already exist + known_versions = get_dataset_versions(rows, dataset_name, "archive") + potential_folders = [ + folder for folder in potential_folders if folder not in known_versions + ] + + if not potential_folders: + typer.secho( + f"All folders in 'data/{dataset_name}/archive already have versions in data/versions.csv. " + f"To create a new version, please create a new folder with a new version name that includes the new files.", + fg=typer.colors.RED, + ) + raise typer.Exit() + + # Ask user which files from which folder to upload and how to call the new version + folder_to_upload = prompt_choice( + potential_folders, "\nSelect a folder to upload as new version" + ) + version_name = typer.prompt( + "\nSpecify name for new version", default=folder_to_upload + ) + + if action == "release": + # Retrieve information from previous version for the datset from Zenodo + row = next(r for r in latest if r["dataset"] == dataset_name) + record_id, deposition_url = extract_zenodo_deposition_url(row["url"]) + + if not deposition_url: + typer.secho( + f"Could not extract Zenodo deposition API URL from:\n{row['url']}\n" + "Please check the URL format in your versions.csv.", + fg=typer.colors.RED, + ) + raise typer.Exit() + + typer.echo( + f"Retrieving existing deposition metadata from Zenodo for dataset '{dataset_name}' at {deposition_url}." + ) + existing_deposition = get_deposition_by_url( + record_id, + ZENODO_API_URL, + ZENODO_API_KEY, + ) + + metadata = existing_deposition.get("metadata", {}) + if not metadata: + typer.secho( + "No metadata found in the existing deposition. Please check the Zenodo record.", + fg=typer.colors.RED, + ) + raise typer.Exit() + + if "creators" not in metadata: + typer.secho( + "No creators found in the existing deposition metadata. " + "Please add them manually via the Zenodo web interface before publishing the new version.", + fg=typer.colors.YELLOW, + ) + metadata["creators"] = [{"name": "", "affiliation": ""}] + + if "description" not in metadata: + metadata["description"] = typer.prompt( + "No description found in the existing deposition metadata. Please provide a new description." + ) + + if "upload_type" not in metadata: + metadata["upload_type"] = typer.prompt( + "No upload type found in the existing deposition metadata. Please specify", + default="dataset", + ) + + if "license" not in metadata: + metadata["license"] = typer.prompt( + "No license found in the existing deposition metadata. Please specify", + default="cc-by-4.0", + ) + + if "access_right" not in metadata: + metadata["access_right"] = typer.prompt( + "No access right found in the existing deposition metadata. Please specify", + default="open", + ) + + new_metadata = { + "title": metadata["title"], + "creators": metadata["creators"], + "version": version_name, + "publication_date": datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d"), + "description": metadata["description"], + "license": metadata["license"], + "upload_type": metadata["upload_type"], + "access_right": metadata["access_right"], + "related_identifiers": [ + { + "scheme": "doi", + "identifier": metadata["doi"], + "relation": "isNewVersionOf", + "resource_type": metadata["upload_type"], + } + ], + } + elif action == "create": + # Create new metadata based on user input + typer.echo( + "\nCreating a new deposition requires metadata input.\n" + "Please provide the following information for the new dataset." + "You can also leave fields empty for now and fill them in later on Zenodo before publishing the dataset." + ) + title = typer.prompt("Title of the new dataset") + description = typer.prompt("Description of the new dataset") + license = typer.prompt( + "License for the new dataset (e.g. CC-BY-4.0). Only standard licenses supported - use webinterface for custom license", + default="cc-by-4.0", + ) + upload_type = typer.prompt("Upload type for the new dataset", default="dataset") + access_right = typer.prompt("Access right for the new dataset", default="open") + # Prompt for creators and their affiliation (a list of dictionaries with keys "name" and "affiliation") until the user is done + typer.echo( + "Please provide the creators of the new dataset.\n" + "You need to provide at least on creator. You can add multiple creators.\n\n" + "Leave the name blank when you are done to continue." + ) + creators = [] + while True: + name = typer.prompt("Creator name (leave blank to finish)", default="") + if not name and len(creators) > 0: + break + affiliation = typer.prompt("Affiliation (or leave empty)", default="") + + creator = {"name": name} + # If affiliation is provided, add it to the creator dictionary + if affiliation: + creator["affiliation"] = affiliation + + if name: + creators.append(creator) + + # Create the new metadata dictionary + new_metadata = { + "title": title, + "description": description, + "version": version_name, + "publication_date": datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d"), + "license": license, + "upload_type": upload_type, + "access_right": access_right, + "creators": creators, + } + + typer.echo(f"New metadata created: {new_metadata}") + + # Create the new deposition and upload files + typer.echo( + "ℹ️ Creating new Zenodo deposition with metadata:\n" + + json.dumps(new_metadata, indent=2) + ) + deposition = create_zenodo_deposition( + # Provide new metadata baed on the parent deposition + metadata=new_metadata, + # all files in the folder + files=[ + f + for f in (Path(f"data/{dataset_name}/archive/{folder_to_upload}").glob("*")) + if f.is_file() + ], + ) + + # Last confirmation before publishing + typer.echo( + f"✅ Created new deposition ready for publishing.\n" + f"🔗 You can now review it and make changes at: {deposition.json()['links']['html']}" + ) + + confirm = typer.confirm("\nAre you ready to publish the dataset now?", default=True) + if confirm: + published_deposition = publish_zenodo_deposition(deposition.json()["id"]) + published_deposition.raise_for_status() + typer.secho( + f"✅ Dataset '{dataset_name}' with version {version_name} has been successfully published.\n" + f"🔗 Link to new dataset: {published_deposition.json()['links']['html']}.", + ) + else: + published_deposition = None + typer.secho( + f"❌ New dataset version not published. " + f"️️🔗 You can publish it later using the Zenodo web interface at: {deposition.json()['links']['html']}", + ) + + # Update the versions CSV file + typer.confirm( + "\nProceed with updating the 'data/versions.csv' file with the new version information?", + default=True, + abort=True, + ) + + previous_version = [row for row in latest if row["dataset"] == dataset_name] + previous_version = previous_version[0] if previous_version else {} + + # We store different information depending on whether the deposition was published or not + if published_deposition: + tags = ["latest", "supported"] + elif not published_deposition: + tags = ["draft", "supported"] + + if published_deposition: + link = published_deposition.json()["links"]["html"] + else: + link = deposition.json()["links"]["html"] + + if previous_version: + note = previous_version["note"] + else: + note = typer.prompt( + "\nPlease provide a note for the new version in 'data/versions.csv' (or leave empty)", + default="", + ) + + rows = add_version_row( + rows, + dataset_name, + "archive", + version_name, + tags=tags, + url=link, + note=note, + remove_latest=True if published_deposition else False, + ) + write_versions_csv(rows) + typer.secho( + f"✅ 'data/versions.csv' has been updated with: '{dataset_name}', 'archive', '{version_name}', '{tags}, '{link}', '{note}'", + ) + + typer.echo("\n🎉 All done. 🎉") + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + app()