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Advanced Matrix Extensions(AMX), also known as Intelยฎ Advanced Matrix Extensions(Intelยฎ AMX), is an x86 extension,
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which introduce two new components: a 2-dimensional register file called 'tiles' and an accelerator of Tile Matrix Multiplication (TMUL) that is able to operate on those tiles.
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AMX is designed to work on matrices to accelerate deep-learning training and inference on the CPU and is ideal for workloads like natural-language processing, recommendation systems and image recognition.
Intel advances AI capabilities with 4th Gen Intelยฎ Xeonยฎ Scalable processors and Intelยฎ AMX, delivering 3x to 10x higher inference and training performance versus the previous generation, see `Accelerate AI Workloads with Intelยฎ AMX`_.
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Compared to 3rd Gen Intel Xeon Scalable processors running Intelยฎ Advanced Vector Extensions 512 Neural Network Instructions (Intelยฎ AVX-512 VNNI),
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4th Gen Intel Xeon Scalable processors running Intel AMX can perform 2,048 INT8 operations per cycle, rather than 256 INT8 operations per cycle. They can also perform 1,024 BF16 operations per cycle, as compared to 64 FP32 operations per cycle, see page 4 of `Accelerate AI Workloads with Intelยฎ AMX`_.
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For more detailed information of AMX, see `Intelยฎ AMX Overview`_.
PyTorch leverages AMX for computing intensive operators with BFloat16 and quantization with INT8 by its backend oneDNN
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to get higher performance out-of-box on x86 CPUs with AMX support.
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For more detailed information of oneDNN, see `oneDNN`_.
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PyTorch์์์ AMX
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The operation is fully handled by oneDNN according to the execution code path generated. For example, when a supported operation gets executed into oneDNN implementation on a hardware platform with AMX support, AMX instructions will be invoked automatically inside oneDNN.
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Since oneDNN is the default acceleration library for PyTorch CPU, no manual operations are required to enable the AMX support.
.. note:: When using PyTorch on CPUs that support AMX, the framework will automatically enable AMX usage by default. This means that PyTorch will attempt to leverage the AMX feature whenever possible to speed up matrix multiplication operations. However, it's important to note that the decision to dispatch to the AMX kernel ultimately depends on the internal optimization strategy of the oneDNN library and the quantization backend, which PyTorch relies on for performance enhancements. The specific details of how AMX utilization is handled internally by PyTorch and the oneDNN library may be subject to change with updates and improvements to the framework.
If you get the verbose of ``avx512_core_amx_bf16`` for BFloat16 or ``avx512_core_amx_int8`` for quantization with INT8, it indicates that AMX is activated.
.. _Accelerate AI Workloads with Intelยฎ AMX: https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/products/docs/accelerator-engines/advanced-matrix-extensions/ai-solution-brief.html
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