feat: `squareroot`, `logarithm` and `power` #1736

Job	Run time
Tests / Discover test groups	4s
Tests / mooncake (1, ubuntu-latest)	9m 45s
Tests / decompositions (1, ubuntu-latest)	7m 46s
Tests / chainrules (1, ubuntu-latest)	13m 35s
Tests / enzyme (1, ubuntu-latest)	41m 19s
Tests / common (1, ubuntu-latest)	4m 18s
Tests / matrixfunctions (1, ubuntu-latest)	5m 54s
Tests / ci-success	4s
	1h 22m 45s

Provide feedback