**For BH**: There is a period of paced breathing to try to get the participant to breathe consistently. Also, this paced breathing finishes with an exhale. This is important because this allows an end-tidal estimate just before the hold period. During the hold period, the participant should not breathe in or out. Right at the end of the hold period it says 'Exhale' - this is important because it allows an end-tidal estimate just after the hold period. Instruct your participant by saying something like "You will want to breathe in just after the hold but we need you to do one more exhale - breathe out all the air you have left!". If a participant cannot manage the full length of the hold, that is okay - just tell them to always end the hold with this exhale, even if the hold is shorter. The 'Recover' period of time is for the participant to take a few recovery breaths, how they like, before the paced breathing starts up again. If your participants are struggling to do this task, even after further practice, consider decreasing the hold time and increasing the recovery time.
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