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P0008_StringToIntegerAtoi.java
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package yyl.leetcode.p00;
/**
* <h3>字符串转换整数</h3><br>
* 请你来实现一个 atoi 函数,使其能将字符串转换成整数。<br>
* 首先,该函数会根据需要丢弃无用的开头空格字符,直到寻找到第一个非空格的字符为止。<br>
* 当我们寻找到的第一个非空字符为正或者负号时,则将该符号与之后面尽可能多的连续数字组合起来,作为该整数的正负号;假如第一个非空字符是数字,则直接将其与之后连续的数字字符组合起来,形成整数。<br>
* 该字符串除了有效的整数部分之后也可能会存在多余的字符,这些字符可以被忽略,它们对于函数不应该造成影响。<br>
* 注意:假如该字符串中的第一个非空格字符不是一个有效整数字符、字符串为空或字符串仅包含空白字符时,则你的函数不需要进行转换。<br>
* 在任何情况下,若函数不能进行有效的转换时,请返回 0。<br>
* 说明:<br>
* 假设我们的环境只能存储 32 位大小的有符号整数,那么其数值范围为 [−231, 231 − 1]。如果数值超过这个范围,请返回 INT_MAX (231 − 1) 或 INT_MIN (−231) 。<br>
* 示例 1:<br>
* 输入: "42"; 输出: 42<br>
* 示例 2:<br>
* 输入: " -42"; 输出: -42<br>
* 解释: 第一个非空白字符为 '-', 它是一个负号。<br>
* 我们尽可能将负号与后面所有连续出现的数字组合起来,最后得到 -42 。<br>
* 示例 3:<br>
* 输入: "4193 with words"; 输出: 4193<br>
* 解释: 转换截止于数字 '3' ,因为它的下一个字符不为数字。<br>
* 示例 4:<br>
* 输入: "words and 987"; 输出: 0<br>
* 解释: 第一个非空字符是 'w', 但它不是数字或正、负号。<br>
* 因此无法执行有效的转换。<br>
* 示例 5:<br>
* 输入: "-91283472332"; 输出: -2147483648<br>
* 解释: 数字 "-91283472332" 超过 32 位有符号整数范围。 <br>
* 因此返回 INT_MIN (−231) 。 <br>
* <br>
* mplement atoi to convert a string to an integer.<br>
* Hint: Carefully consider all possible input cases. <br>
* If you want a challenge, please do not see below and ask yourself what are the possible input cases.<br>
* Notes: It is intended for this problem to be specified vaguely (ie, no given input specs).<br>
* You are responsible to gather all the input requirements up front. <br>
* <br>
* Requirements for atoi:<br>
* The function first discards as many whitespace characters as necessary until the first non-whitespace character is found. Then, starting from this
* character, takes an optional initial plus or minus sign followed by as many numerical digits as possible, and interprets them as a numerical
* value.<br>
* The string can contain additional characters after those that form the integral number, which are ignored and have no effect on the behavior of
* this function.<br>
* If the first sequence of non-whitespace characters in str is not a valid integral number, or if no such sequence exists because either str is empty
* or it contains only whitespace characters, no conversion is performed.<br>
* If no valid conversion could be performed, a zero value is returned. If the correct value is out of the range of representable values, INT_MAX
* (2147483647) or INT_MIN (-2147483648) is returned.<br>
*/
// 字符串转为整数
// 1. 若字符串开头是空格,则跳过所有空格,到第一个非空格字符,如果没有,则返回0.
// 2. 若第一个非空格字符是符号+/-,则标记sign的真假.
// 3. 若下一个字符不是数字,则返回0. (不考虑小数点)
// 4. 如果下一个字符是数字,则转为整形存下来,若接下来再有非数字出现,则返回目前的结果。
// 5. 如果超过了整形数的范围,则用边界值替代当前值。
// MAX_VALUE +2147483647
// MIN_VALUE -2147483648
public class P0008_StringToIntegerAtoi {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Solution solution = new Solution();
System.out.println(solution.myAtoi(" 2147483647"));
System.out.println(solution.myAtoi(" 2147483648"));
System.out.println(solution.myAtoi(""));
System.out.println(solution.myAtoi("1a"));
System.out.println(solution.myAtoi("++1a"));
System.out.println(solution.myAtoi("+-1a"));
System.out.println(solution.myAtoi("+2147483648"));
System.out.println(solution.myAtoi("-2147483649"));
}
static class Solution {
// 算法参考了 java.lang.Integer.toString 的源码
public int myAtoi(String str) {
if (str == null) {
return 0;
}
boolean negative = false;
int len = str.length();
int i = 0;
int result = 0;
while (i < len) {
char c = str.charAt(i);
if (c > ' ') {
break;
}
i++;
}
if (i == len) {
return result;
}
char firstChar = str.charAt(i);
if (firstChar == '-') {
negative = true;
i++;
} else if (firstChar == '+') {
i++;
}
int limit = negative ? Integer.MIN_VALUE : -Integer.MAX_VALUE;// -MAX
int multiplicationLimit = limit / 10;
while (i < len) {
int digit = str.charAt(i++) - '0';
if (digit < 0 || digit > 9) {
break;
}
if (result < multiplicationLimit) {
return negative ? Integer.MIN_VALUE : Integer.MAX_VALUE;
}
result *= 10;
if (result < limit + digit) {
return negative ? Integer.MIN_VALUE : Integer.MAX_VALUE;
}
result -= digit;
}
return negative ? result : -result;
}
}
}