diff --git a/Libs/Groom/Groom.cpp b/Libs/Groom/Groom.cpp
index e627522f8e..36787b0661 100644
--- a/Libs/Groom/Groom.cpp
+++ b/Libs/Groom/Groom.cpp
@@ -518,6 +518,11 @@ bool Groom::run_alignment() {
   size_t num_domains = project_->get_number_of_domains_per_subject();
   auto subjects = project_->get_subjects();
 
+  if (subjects.empty()) {
+    SW_ERROR("No subjects to groom");
+    return false;
+  }
+
   auto base_params = GroomParameters(project_);
 
   bool global_icp = false;
@@ -564,6 +569,10 @@ bool Groom::run_alignment() {
 
     if (global_icp) {
       Mesh reference_mesh = vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyData>::New();
+      if (reference_meshes.empty()) {
+        SW_ERROR("No reference meshes available");
+        return false;
+      }
       if (reference_index < 0 || reference_index >= reference_meshes.size()) {
         reference_index = MeshUtils::findReferenceMesh(reference_meshes, subset_size);
         if (reference_index < 0 || reference_index >= reference_meshes.size()) {
@@ -632,6 +641,11 @@ bool Groom::run_alignment() {
       reference_index = params.get_alignment_reference();
       subset_size = params.get_alignment_subset_size();
 
+      if (reference_meshes.empty()) {
+        SW_ERROR("No reference meshes available");
+        return false;
+      }
+
       Mesh reference_mesh = vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyData>::New();
       if (reference_index < 0 || reference_index >= subjects.size()) {
         reference_index = MeshUtils::findReferenceMesh(reference_meshes, subset_size);
diff --git a/Studio/DeepSSM/DeepSSMJob.cpp b/Studio/DeepSSM/DeepSSMJob.cpp
index 8a7308e169..78989469df 100644
--- a/Studio/DeepSSM/DeepSSMJob.cpp
+++ b/Studio/DeepSSM/DeepSSMJob.cpp
@@ -107,6 +107,15 @@ void DeepSSMJob::run_prep() {
     py::object create_split = py_deep_ssm_utils.attr("create_split");
     create_split(project_, train_split, val_split, test_split);
 
+    int num_train = DeepSSMTool::get_split(project_, DeepSSMTool::SplitType::TRAIN).size();
+    int num_val = DeepSSMTool::get_split(project_, DeepSSMTool::SplitType::VAL).size();
+    int num_test = DeepSSMTool::get_split(project_, DeepSSMTool::SplitType::TEST).size();
+    if (num_train == 0 || num_val == 0) {
+      SW_ERROR("DeepSSM: Not enough subjects in training and validation.  Please check split.");
+      abort();
+      //return;
+    }
+
     if (is_aborted()) {
       return;
     }
diff --git a/Studio/DeepSSM/DeepSSMTool.cpp b/Studio/DeepSSM/DeepSSMTool.cpp
index a78a7131ac..b474318bc2 100644
--- a/Studio/DeepSSM/DeepSSMTool.cpp
+++ b/Studio/DeepSSM/DeepSSMTool.cpp
@@ -94,6 +94,7 @@ DeepSSMTool::DeepSSMTool(Preferences& prefs) : preferences_(prefs) {
   QIntValidator* zero_to_hundred = new QIntValidator(0, 100, this);
   ui_->validation_split->setValidator(zero_to_hundred);
   ui_->testing_split->setValidator(zero_to_hundred);
+  ui_->training_split->setValidator(zero_to_hundred);
 
   QDoubleValidator* double_validator = new QDoubleValidator(0, 100, 4, this);
   double_validator->setNotation(QDoubleValidator::StandardNotation);
@@ -102,8 +103,8 @@ DeepSSMTool::DeepSSMTool(Preferences& prefs) : preferences_(prefs) {
   ui_->spacing_y->setValidator(double_validator);
   ui_->spacing_z->setValidator(double_validator);
 
+  connect(ui_->training_split, &QLineEdit::editingFinished, this, &DeepSSMTool::update_split);
   connect(ui_->validation_split, &QLineEdit::editingFinished, this, &DeepSSMTool::update_split);
-  connect(ui_->testing_split, &QLineEdit::editingFinished, this, &DeepSSMTool::update_split);
 
   ui_->tl_net_options->setVisible(false);
 
@@ -198,6 +199,7 @@ void DeepSSMTool::load_params() {
 void DeepSSMTool::store_params() {
   auto params = DeepSSMParameters(session_->get_project());
 
+  params.set_training_split(ui_->training_split->text().toDouble());
   params.set_validation_split(ui_->validation_split->text().toDouble());
   params.set_testing_split(ui_->testing_split->text().toDouble());
 
@@ -382,22 +384,24 @@ void DeepSSMTool::update_panels() {
 
 //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 void DeepSSMTool::update_split() {
+  double training = ui_->training_split->text().toDouble();
   double testing = ui_->testing_split->text().toDouble();
   double validation = ui_->validation_split->text().toDouble();
+  training = std::max<double>(std::min<double>(training, 100), 0);
   testing = std::max<double>(std::min<double>(testing, 100), 0);
   validation = std::max<double>(std::min<double>(validation, 100), 0);
 
-  if (testing + validation > 100) {
-    if (testing > validation) {
-      validation = 100 - testing;
+  if (training + validation > 100) {
+    if (training > validation) {
+      validation = 100 - training;
     } else {
-      testing = 100 - validation;
+      training = 100 - validation;
     }
   }
 
-  ui_->testing_split->setText(QString::number(testing));
+  ui_->training_split->setText(QString::number(training));
   ui_->validation_split->setText(QString::number(validation));
-  ui_->training_split->setText(QString::number(100 - testing - validation));
+  ui_->testing_split->setText(QString::number(100 - training - validation));
 }
 
 //---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -922,6 +926,10 @@ void DeepSSMTool::run_tool(DeepSSMTool::ToolMode type) {
   } else if (type == DeepSSMTool::ToolMode::DeepSSM_PrepType) {
     ui_->tab_widget->setCurrentIndex(0);
 
+    // check that there are at least 1 subject in test/val/train each
+
+
+
     SW_LOG("Please Wait: Running Groom/Optimize...");
   } else {
     SW_ERROR("Unknown tool mode");
diff --git a/Studio/DeepSSM/DeepSSMTool.ui b/Studio/DeepSSM/DeepSSMTool.ui
index b3d464c02d..0dc84f12c0 100644
--- a/Studio/DeepSSM/DeepSSMTool.ui
+++ b/Studio/DeepSSM/DeepSSMTool.ui
@@ -579,8 +579,11 @@ Preserved</string>
                    <string>Split</string>
                   </property>
                   <layout class="QGridLayout" name="gridLayout_14">
-                   <item row="0" column="1">
+                   <item row="2" column="1">
                     <widget class="QLineEdit" name="testing_split">
+                     <property name="enabled">
+                      <bool>false</bool>
+                     </property>
                      <property name="sizePolicy">
                       <sizepolicy hsizetype="Expanding" vsizetype="Fixed">
                        <horstretch>0</horstretch>
@@ -590,10 +593,13 @@ Preserved</string>
                      <property name="alignment">
                       <set>Qt::AlignCenter</set>
                      </property>
+                     <property name="readOnly">
+                      <bool>true</bool>
+                     </property>
                     </widget>
                    </item>
-                   <item row="1" column="0">
-                    <widget class="QLabel" name="label_12">
+                   <item row="0" column="0">
+                    <widget class="QLabel" name="label_33">
                      <property name="sizePolicy">
                       <sizepolicy hsizetype="Expanding" vsizetype="Preferred">
                        <horstretch>0</horstretch>
@@ -601,11 +607,30 @@ Preserved</string>
                       </sizepolicy>
                      </property>
                      <property name="text">
-                      <string>Validation</string>
+                      <string>Training</string>
                      </property>
                     </widget>
                    </item>
-                   <item row="0" column="0">
+                   <item row="0" column="1">
+                    <widget class="QLineEdit" name="training_split">
+                     <property name="enabled">
+                      <bool>true</bool>
+                     </property>
+                     <property name="sizePolicy">
+                      <sizepolicy hsizetype="Expanding" vsizetype="Fixed">
+                       <horstretch>0</horstretch>
+                       <verstretch>0</verstretch>
+                      </sizepolicy>
+                     </property>
+                     <property name="alignment">
+                      <set>Qt::AlignCenter</set>
+                     </property>
+                     <property name="readOnly">
+                      <bool>false</bool>
+                     </property>
+                    </widget>
+                   </item>
+                   <item row="2" column="0">
                     <widget class="QLabel" name="label_11">
                      <property name="sizePolicy">
                       <sizepolicy hsizetype="Expanding" vsizetype="Preferred">
@@ -618,35 +643,22 @@ Preserved</string>
                      </property>
                     </widget>
                    </item>
-                   <item row="0" column="2">
+                   <item row="2" column="2">
                     <widget class="QLabel" name="label_14">
                      <property name="text">
                       <string>%</string>
                      </property>
                     </widget>
                    </item>
-                   <item row="1" column="1">
-                    <widget class="QLineEdit" name="validation_split">
-                     <property name="sizePolicy">
-                      <sizepolicy hsizetype="Expanding" vsizetype="Fixed">
-                       <horstretch>0</horstretch>
-                       <verstretch>0</verstretch>
-                      </sizepolicy>
-                     </property>
-                     <property name="alignment">
-                      <set>Qt::AlignCenter</set>
-                     </property>
-                    </widget>
-                   </item>
-                   <item row="1" column="2">
-                    <widget class="QLabel" name="label_15">
+                   <item row="0" column="2">
+                    <widget class="QLabel" name="label_34">
                      <property name="text">
                       <string>%</string>
                      </property>
                     </widget>
                    </item>
-                   <item row="2" column="0">
-                    <widget class="QLabel" name="label_33">
+                   <item row="1" column="0">
+                    <widget class="QLabel" name="label_12">
                      <property name="sizePolicy">
                       <sizepolicy hsizetype="Expanding" vsizetype="Preferred">
                        <horstretch>0</horstretch>
@@ -654,15 +666,12 @@ Preserved</string>
                       </sizepolicy>
                      </property>
                      <property name="text">
-                      <string>Training</string>
+                      <string>Validation</string>
                      </property>
                     </widget>
                    </item>
-                   <item row="2" column="1">
-                    <widget class="QLineEdit" name="training_split">
-                     <property name="enabled">
-                      <bool>false</bool>
-                     </property>
+                   <item row="1" column="1">
+                    <widget class="QLineEdit" name="validation_split">
                      <property name="sizePolicy">
                       <sizepolicy hsizetype="Expanding" vsizetype="Fixed">
                        <horstretch>0</horstretch>
@@ -672,13 +681,10 @@ Preserved</string>
                      <property name="alignment">
                       <set>Qt::AlignCenter</set>
                      </property>
-                     <property name="readOnly">
-                      <bool>true</bool>
-                     </property>
                     </widget>
                    </item>
-                   <item row="2" column="2">
-                    <widget class="QLabel" name="label_34">
+                   <item row="1" column="2">
+                    <widget class="QLabel" name="label_15">
                      <property name="text">
                       <string>%</string>
                      </property>