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| 1 | +"""Условия и циклы.""" |
| 2 | + |
| 3 | +# ### Условия |
| 4 | + |
| 5 | +# Множественные условия (multi-way decisions) |
| 6 | + |
| 7 | +# + |
| 8 | +import numpy as np |
| 9 | + |
| 10 | +number_value = 25 |
| 11 | + |
| 12 | +if number_value < 10: |
| 13 | + print("Small") |
| 14 | +elif number_value < 100: |
| 15 | + print("Medium") |
| 16 | +else: |
| 17 | + print("Large") |
| 18 | + |
| 19 | +# + |
| 20 | +user_input = input("Введите число: ") |
| 21 | + |
| 22 | +number_value = int(user_input) |
| 23 | +if number_value < 10: |
| 24 | + print("Small") |
| 25 | +elif number_value < 100: |
| 26 | + print("Medium") |
| 27 | +else: |
| 28 | + print("Large") |
| 29 | +# - |
| 30 | + |
| 31 | +# Вложенные условия (nested decisions) |
| 32 | + |
| 33 | +# + |
| 34 | +user_input = input("Введите число: ") |
| 35 | + |
| 36 | +if len(user_input) != 0: |
| 37 | + number_value = int(user_input) |
| 38 | + |
| 39 | + if number_value < 10: |
| 40 | + print("Small") |
| 41 | + elif number_value < 100: |
| 42 | + print("Medium") |
| 43 | + else: |
| 44 | + print("Large") |
| 45 | +else: |
| 46 | + print("Ввод пустой") |
| 47 | +# - |
| 48 | + |
| 49 | +# Несколько условий в одном выражении с операторами and или or |
| 50 | + |
| 51 | +# + |
| 52 | +number_value = 42 |
| 53 | + |
| 54 | +if 10 < number_value < 100: |
| 55 | + print("Medium") |
| 56 | +else: |
| 57 | + print("Small or Large") |
| 58 | + |
| 59 | +# + |
| 60 | +number_value = 2 |
| 61 | + |
| 62 | +if number_value < 10 or number_value > 100: |
| 63 | + print("Small or Large") |
| 64 | +else: |
| 65 | + print("Medium") |
| 66 | +# - |
| 67 | + |
| 68 | +# Проверка вхождения элемента в объект с in/not in |
| 69 | + |
| 70 | +# + |
| 71 | +sentence = "To be, or not to be, that is the question" |
| 72 | +word = "question" |
| 73 | + |
| 74 | +if word in sentence: |
| 75 | + print("Слово найдено") |
| 76 | + |
| 77 | +# + |
| 78 | +number_list = [2, 3, 4, 6, 7] |
| 79 | +number = 5 |
| 80 | + |
| 81 | +if number not in number_list: |
| 82 | + print("Такого числа в списке нет") |
| 83 | +# - |
| 84 | + |
| 85 | +fruit_counts = {"apple": 3, "tomato": 6, "carrot": 2} |
| 86 | + |
| 87 | +if "apple" in fruit_counts: |
| 88 | + print("Нашлись") |
| 89 | + |
| 90 | +if 6 in fruit_counts.values(): |
| 91 | + print("Есть") |
| 92 | + |
| 93 | +# ### Циклы в Python |
| 94 | + |
| 95 | +# Основные операции |
| 96 | + |
| 97 | +# + |
| 98 | +number_list = [1, 2, 3] |
| 99 | + |
| 100 | +for number in number_list: |
| 101 | + print(number) |
| 102 | +# - |
| 103 | + |
| 104 | +products = {"apple": [3, "kg"], "tomato": [6, "pcs"], "carrot": [2, "kg"]} |
| 105 | + |
| 106 | +for key, value in products.items(): |
| 107 | + print(key, value) |
| 108 | + |
| 109 | +for product_info in products.values(): |
| 110 | + print(product_info[0]) |
| 111 | + |
| 112 | +# + |
| 113 | +number_array = np.array([1, 2, 3]) |
| 114 | + |
| 115 | +for number in number_array: |
| 116 | + print(number) |
| 117 | +# - |
| 118 | + |
| 119 | +# Функция range() |
| 120 | + |
| 121 | +for i in range(5): |
| 122 | + print(i) |
| 123 | + |
| 124 | +for i in range(1, 6): |
| 125 | + print(i) |
| 126 | + |
| 127 | +for i in range(0, 6, 2): |
| 128 | + print(i) |
| 129 | + |
| 130 | +# + |
| 131 | +months = [ |
| 132 | + "Январь", |
| 133 | + "Февраль", |
| 134 | + "Март", |
| 135 | + "Апрель", |
| 136 | + "Май", |
| 137 | + "Июнь", |
| 138 | + "Июль", |
| 139 | + "Август", |
| 140 | + "Сентябрь", |
| 141 | + "Октябрь", |
| 142 | + "Ноябрь", |
| 143 | + "Декабрь", |
| 144 | +] |
| 145 | + |
| 146 | +sales = [47, 75, 79, 94, 123, 209, 233, 214, 197, 130, 87, 55] |
| 147 | + |
| 148 | +for month, sale in zip(months, sales): |
| 149 | + print(month, sale) |
| 150 | +# - |
| 151 | + |
| 152 | +# ### Последовательность в обратном порядке# |
| 153 | + |
| 154 | +# Функция reversed() |
| 155 | + |
| 156 | +# + |
| 157 | +my_list = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4] |
| 158 | + |
| 159 | +for i in reversed(my_list): |
| 160 | + print(i) |
| 161 | +# - |
| 162 | + |
| 163 | +for i in reversed(range(5)): |
| 164 | + print(i) |
| 165 | + |
| 166 | +# Указать -1 в качестве параметров шага |
| 167 | + |
| 168 | +for i in range(4, 0, -1): |
| 169 | + print(i) |
| 170 | + |
| 171 | +for i in range(4, -1, -1): |
| 172 | + print(i) |
| 173 | + |
| 174 | +# Функция sorted() |
| 175 | + |
| 176 | +# + |
| 177 | +range_value = range(5) |
| 178 | + |
| 179 | +sorted_values = sorted(range_value, reverse=True) |
| 180 | +for i in sorted_values: |
| 181 | + print(i) |
| 182 | +# - |
| 183 | + |
| 184 | +# Функция enumerate |
| 185 | + |
| 186 | +# + |
| 187 | +days = [ |
| 188 | + "понедельник", |
| 189 | + "вторник", |
| 190 | + "среда", |
| 191 | + "четверг", |
| 192 | + "пятница", |
| 193 | + "суббота", |
| 194 | + "воскресенье", |
| 195 | +] |
| 196 | + |
| 197 | +for i, day in enumerate(days): |
| 198 | + print(i, day) |
| 199 | +# - |
| 200 | + |
| 201 | +for i, day in enumerate(days, 1): |
| 202 | + print(i, day) |
| 203 | + |
| 204 | +# Цикл while |
| 205 | + |
| 206 | +# + |
| 207 | +i = 0 |
| 208 | + |
| 209 | +while i < 3: |
| 210 | + print("Текущее значение счётчика: " + str(i)) |
| 211 | + i += 1 |
| 212 | + print("Новое значение: " + str(i)) |
| 213 | + |
| 214 | +# + |
| 215 | +i = 0 |
| 216 | + |
| 217 | +while i < 3: |
| 218 | + print(i) |
| 219 | + i += 1 |
| 220 | +# - |
| 221 | + |
| 222 | +# ### Break, continue |
| 223 | + |
| 224 | +# Оператор break |
| 225 | + |
| 226 | +# + |
| 227 | +clients = { |
| 228 | + 1: {"name": "Анна", "age": 24, "sex": "male", "revenue": 12000}, |
| 229 | + 2: {"name": "Илья", "age": 18, "sex": "female", "revenue": 8000}, |
| 230 | +} |
| 231 | + |
| 232 | +for client_id, info in clients.items(): |
| 233 | + print(client_id, info) |
| 234 | + break |
| 235 | +# - |
| 236 | + |
| 237 | +number_value = 6 |
| 238 | +while number_value != 0: |
| 239 | + print(number_value) |
| 240 | + number_value -= 1 |
| 241 | + if number_value == 3: |
| 242 | + break |
| 243 | + |
| 244 | +# Оператор continue |
| 245 | + |
| 246 | +for i in range(1, 11): |
| 247 | + if i % 2 == 0: |
| 248 | + print(i) |
| 249 | + |
| 250 | +# Форматирование строк через f-строки и метод .format() |
| 251 | + |
| 252 | +# + |
| 253 | +days = [ |
| 254 | + "понедельник", |
| 255 | + "вторник", |
| 256 | + "среда", |
| 257 | + "четверг", |
| 258 | + "пятница", |
| 259 | + "суббота", |
| 260 | + "воскресенье", |
| 261 | +] |
| 262 | + |
| 263 | +Monday = days[0] |
| 264 | +Monday |
| 265 | +# - |
| 266 | + |
| 267 | +print(f"{Monday} - день тяжелый") |
| 268 | + |
| 269 | +# ### Ответы на вопросы |
| 270 | + |
| 271 | +# Можно ли использовать цикл while с функцией range()? |
| 272 | + |
| 273 | +# да но не оптимально |
| 274 | +i = 1 |
| 275 | +while i in range(1, 11): |
| 276 | + print("Значение счётчика ", i) |
| 277 | + i += 1 |
| 278 | + |
| 279 | +# более оптимальный вид |
| 280 | +for i in range(1, 11): |
| 281 | + print("Значение счётчика ", i) |
| 282 | + |
| 283 | +# Можно ли обойтись без оператора continue в приведенном на занятии примере? |
| 284 | + |
| 285 | +# да |
| 286 | +for i in range(2, 11, 2): |
| 287 | + print(i) |
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