Add AI coding guidelines for GitHub Copilot and Cursor (#529)

- Add .github/copilot-instructions.md with project-specific coding
guidelines for AI assistants (GitHub Copilot, Cursor, etc.)
- Add Cursor rule (.cursor/rules/load-github-copilot-instructions.mdc)
to ensure the guidelines are loaded before any coding task
- Update .editorconfig charset to latin1 for compatibility with existing
source files

Author: SRombauts

.cursor/rules/load-github-copilot-instructions.mdc

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+---
+description: MANDATORY - Read .github/copilot-instructions.md before ANY coding task in this SQLiteCpp project.
+globs:
+alwaysApply: true
+---
+
+# MANDATORY: Read Custom Instructions Before Coding
+
+**CRITICAL REQUIREMENT**: Before performing ANY coding task (writing code, reviewing code, suggesting changes, answering code questions, or modifying files), you MUST first read the file `.github/copilot-instructions.md` using the Read tool.
+
+This is NON-NEGOTIABLE. Do not skip this step. Do not assume you know the contents. Always read the file fresh.
+
+## Why This Matters
+
+The `copilot-instructions.md` file contains project-specific coding standards that MUST be followed:
+
+- **RAII principles** - Acquire in constructors, release in destructors
+- **Exception rules** - NEVER throw in destructors, use `SQLITECPP_ASSERT()` instead
+- **C++ version constraints** - C++11 only in core library
+- **Naming conventions** - `m` prefix for members, `a` prefix for arguments, etc.
+- **Code style** - 4 spaces, Allman braces, 120 char max, `#pragma once`
+- **Documentation** - Doxygen with `@brief`, `@param`, `@return`, `@throw`
+- **Testing requirements** - Tests required for new functionality
+- **Build commands** - CMake and Meson instructions
+
+## Required Action
+
+```
+Read the file: .github/copilot-instructions.md
+```
+
+Execute this read operation BEFORE responding to any coding request. This ensures you have the current, complete coding guidelines for this SQLiteCpp project.
+
+If you cannot read the file for any reason, inform the user immediately.

.github/copilot-instructions.md

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+# SQLiteCpp LLM Coding Guide
+
+## Non-Negotiables (MUST Follow)
+- RAII only. Acquire in constructors, release in destructors.
+- NEVER throw in destructors. Use `SQLITECPP_ASSERT()` instead.
+- Errors: use `SQLite::Exception` for throwing APIs; `tryExec()`, `tryExecuteStep()`, `tryReset()` return SQLite codes.
+- C++11 only in core library. C++14 only in `VariadicBind.h` and `ExecuteMany.h`.
+- Public API headers must NOT include `sqlite3.h`. Use `SQLite::OPEN_*` flags from `Database.h`.
+- Export public API with `SQLITECPP_API` from `SQLiteCppExport.h`.
+- Threading: one `Database`/`Statement`/`Column` per thread.
+- Public API must have Doxygen: `@brief`, `@param`, `@return`, `@throw`.
+- Tests required for new functionality in `tests/`.
+- Portability: Windows, Linux, macOS.
+- Style: ASCII only, 4 spaces, Allman braces, max 120 chars, LF line endings, final newline, `#pragma once`.
+
+## Workflow (Common Tasks)
+### Add a Method
+1. Declare in `include/SQLiteCpp/<Class>.h` with Doxygen.
+2. Implement in `src/<Class>.cpp`.
+3. Add tests in `tests/<Class>_test.cpp`.
+4. Update `CHANGELOG.md`.
+
+### Add a Class
+1. Create `include/SQLiteCpp/NewClass.h` and `src/NewClass.cpp`.
+2. Add to `CMakeLists.txt` (`SQLITECPP_SRC` and `SQLITECPP_INC`).
+3. Add to `meson.build`.
+4. Include in `SQLiteCpp.h` if public API.
+5. Create `tests/NewClass_test.cpp`.
+6. Add test to `CMakeLists.txt` and `meson.build`.
+
+### Git Workflow (GitHub Issues)
+**When to create a new branch:**
+- User explicitly mentions working on a task, issue, or feature (e.g., "work on issue #123", "implement feature X")
+- User references a GitHub issue number
+
+**Before starting work:**
+1. Run `git status` to check current branch.
+2. If on `master` or wrong branch, create a task-specific branch from `master`.
+
+**Branch naming:** `<issue>-<type>-<short-description>`
+- `123-fix-short-description` for bug fixes
+- `123-feature-short-description` for new features
+
+**Commits:**
+- Imperative mood, ~50 char first line, body wrapped at 72 chars.
+- Reference issue: `Closes #123` or `Fixes #123`.
+
+```bash
+git fetch origin
+git checkout -b 123-fix-short-description origin/master
+```
+
+## Common Pitfalls
+- `bind()` is 1-based; `getColumn()` is 0-based.
+- Reusing `Statement` requires `reset()` and `clearBindings()`.
+- `bindNoCopy()` only if data lifetime exceeds statement execution.
+- `execAndGet()` returns a temporary `Column`, copy immediately.
+- `exec()` returns changes for DML, 0 for DDL.
+
+## Build and Test
+### Quick Build Commands
+**Windows (Visual Studio 2022):**
+```batch
+mkdir build
+cd build
+cmake -G "Visual Studio 17 2022" -DSQLITECPP_BUILD_TESTS=ON -DSQLITECPP_BUILD_EXAMPLES=ON ..
+cmake --build . --config Release
+```
+
+**Windows (using build.bat):**
+```batch
+build.bat
+```
+
+**Unix/macOS:**
+```bash
+mkdir build && cd build
+cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -DSQLITECPP_BUILD_TESTS=ON -DSQLITECPP_BUILD_EXAMPLES=ON ..
+cmake --build .
+```
+
+**Meson:**
+```bash
+meson setup builddir -DSQLITECPP_BUILD_TESTS=true -DSQLITECPP_BUILD_EXAMPLES=true
+meson compile -C builddir
+```
+
+### Essential CMake Options
+| Option | Default | Description |
+|--------|---------|-------------|
+| `SQLITECPP_BUILD_TESTS` | OFF | Build unit tests |
+| `SQLITECPP_BUILD_EXAMPLES` | OFF | Build examples |
+| `SQLITECPP_INTERNAL_SQLITE` | ON | Use bundled sqlite3/ |
+| `BUILD_SHARED_LIBS` | OFF | Build as DLL/shared library |
+| `SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA` | ON | Enable `getColumnOriginName()` |
+
+### Running Tests
+```bash
+cd build
+ctest --output-on-failure
+ctest --output-on-failure -V
+ctest --output-on-failure -R "Database"
+```
+```bash
+meson test -C builddir
+meson test -C builddir -v
+```
+
+### Style Checking
+```bash
+python cpplint.py src/*.cpp include/SQLiteCpp/*.h
+```
+
+## Troubleshooting
+**MSVC:**
+```
+c:\path\to\file.cpp(42): error C2065: 'undeclaredVar': undeclared identifier
+c:\path\to\file.cpp(50,15): error C2039: 'foo': is not a member of 'SQLite::Database'
+```
+
+**GCC/Clang:**
+```
+src/Database.cpp:42:5: error: use of undeclared identifier 'undeclaredVar'
+include/SQLiteCpp/Database.h:100:10: error: no member named 'foo' in 'SQLite::Database'
+```
+
+**Linker:**
+```
+error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "SQLite::Database::exec"
+```
+
+Usually means missing SQLiteCpp library or missing source file in build.
+
+## Reference
+### Project Snapshot
+- SQLiteCpp is a lean C++11 RAII wrapper around SQLite3 C APIs.
+- Minimal dependencies (C++11 STL + SQLite3).
+- Cross-platform, thread-safe at SQLite multi-thread level.
+- Keep naming close to SQLite.
+- Public headers avoid `sqlite3.h`; use `SQLite::OPEN_*` flags from `Database.h`.
+
+### Repository Structure
+```
+SQLiteCpp/
++-- include/SQLiteCpp/    # Public headers
+|   +-- SQLiteCpp.h       # Umbrella include + version macros
+|   +-- Database.h        # Connection + open flags
+|   +-- Statement.h       # Prepared statements
+|   +-- Column.h          # Result column access
+|   +-- Transaction.h     # RAII transaction
+|   +-- Savepoint.h       # RAII savepoint
+|   +-- Backup.h          # Online backup
+|   +-- Exception.h       # SQLite::Exception
+|   +-- Assertion.h       # SQLITECPP_ASSERT macro
+|   +-- VariadicBind.h    # Bind helper (C++11/14)
+|   +-- ExecuteMany.h     # Batch execute (C++14)
+|   +-- SQLiteCppExport.h # SQLITECPP_API macro
++-- src/                  # Implementations
++-- tests/                # Unit tests (*_test.cpp)
++-- sqlite3/              # Bundled SQLite3 source
++-- examples/             # Example applications
++-- CMakeLists.txt / meson.build / build.bat / build.sh
+```
+
+### Naming Rules
+| Element | Convention | Example |
+|---------|------------|---------|
+| Types | PascalCase | `Database`, `Statement`, `TransactionBehavior` |
+| Files | Named like contained class | `Database.h`, `Statement.cpp` |
+| Functions and variables | camelCase | `executeStep()`, `getColumn()` |
+| Member variables | Prefix `m` | `mDatabase`, `mQuery` |
+| Function arguments | Prefix `a` | `aDatabase`, `aQuery` |
+| Boolean variables | Prefix `b`/`mb` | `bExists`, `mbDone` |
+| Pointer variables | Prefix `p`/`mp` | `pValue`, `mpSQLite` |
+| Constants | ALL_CAPS | `OPEN_READONLY`, `SQLITE_OK` |
+
+### File Header Template
+```cpp
+/**
+ * @file    ClassName.h
+ * @ingroup SQLiteCpp
+ * @brief   Brief description of the file.
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2012-2025 Sebastien Rombauts (sebastien.rombauts@gmail.com)
+ *
+ * Distributed under the MIT License (MIT) (See accompanying file LICENSE.txt
+ * or copy at http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+ */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <SQLiteCpp/SQLiteCppExport.h>
+// other includes...
+```
+
+### Doxygen Format
+```cpp
+/**
+ * @brief Execute a step of the prepared query to fetch one row of results.
+ *
+ * @param[in] aIndex    Index of the column (0-based)
+ *
+ * @return - true  (SQLITE_ROW)  if there is another row ready
+ *         - false (SQLITE_DONE) if the query has finished executing
+ *
+ * @throw SQLite::Exception in case of error
+ */
+```
+
+### Error Handling
+- Use `SQLite::Exception` for errors (inherits `std::runtime_error`).
+- Use `check(ret)` after SQLite C API calls.
+- In destructors, use `SQLITECPP_ASSERT()` instead of throwing.
+
+### Minimal API Example
+```cpp
+SQLite::Database db("example.db3", SQLite::OPEN_READWRITE | SQLite::OPEN_CREATE);
+
+SQLite::Statement query(db, "SELECT * FROM test WHERE id > ? AND name = :name");
+query.bind(1, 5);
+query.bind(":name", "John");
+while (query.executeStep())
+{
+    int id = query.getColumn(0);
+    std::string value = query.getColumn(1);
+}
+
+SQLite::Statement insert(db, "INSERT INTO test VALUES (?, ?)");
+insert.bind(1, 42);
+insert.bind(2, "value");
+int changes = insert.exec();
+```