added born2beroot

Author: SaraFreitas-dev

docs/42_Projects/Born2BeRoot/evaluation_notes.md

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+# 📝 Evaluation Notes
+
+> Common Born2beroot evaluation questions and short conceptual answers.
+
+---
+
+# What is a Virtual Machine (VM)?
+
+A Virtual Machine is a virtual computer running inside a physical computer.
+
+It behaves like a real machine and has its own operating system, memory, storage and network interfaces.
+
+---
+
+# What is a Hypervisor?
+
+A Hypervisor is software that creates and manages virtual machines.
+
+It allocates resources and allows multiple VMs to run on the same physical machine.
+
+---
+
+# What is VirtualBox?
+
+VirtualBox is a Type 2 Hypervisor used to create and manage virtual machines.
+
+It runs on top of an existing operating system.
+
+---
+
+# What is the difference between Host and Guest?
+
+The Host is the real operating system running on the physical machine.
+
+The Guest is the operating system running inside the virtual machine.
+
+---
+
+# What is Linux?
+
+Linux is an operating system built around the Linux kernel.
+
+It manages hardware resources and allows applications to run.
+
+---
+
+# What is the Kernel?
+
+The Kernel is the core of the operating system.
+
+It manages:
+
+- CPU
+- Memory
+- Hardware
+- Processes
+- Filesystems
+
+---
+
+# What is a Linux Distribution?
+
+A Distribution combines:
+
+- Linux Kernel
+- Package Manager
+- Utilities
+- Configuration Tools
+
+Examples include Debian and Rocky Linux.
+
+---
+
+# What is Root?
+
+Root is the administrator account.
+
+It has unrestricted access to the operating system.
+
+---
+
+# What is sudo?
+
+sudo allows a user to execute commands with elevated privileges.
+
+It provides temporary administrative access without logging directly as root.
+
+---
+
+# What is the difference between Root and sudo?
+
+Root is the administrator account itself.
+
+sudo is a mechanism that allows a user to temporarily use administrative privileges.
+
+---
+
+# What are Groups?
+
+Groups allow multiple users to share permissions.
+
+They simplify permission management.
+
+---
+
+# What is Ownership?
+
+Ownership determines which user and group control a file or directory.
+
+---
+
+# What is chmod?
+
+chmod is used to modify file and directory permissions.
+
+---
+
+# What is chown?
+
+chown is used to change file ownership.
+
+---
+
+# What is an IP Address?
+
+An IP Address identifies a device on a network.
+
+It allows devices to communicate with each other.
+
+---
+
+# What is DNS?
+
+DNS converts human-readable names into IP addresses.
+
+Example:
+
+google.com → IP Address
+
+---
+
+# What is a Port?
+
+A Port identifies a specific network service running on a machine.
+
+---
+
+# What is SSH?
+
+SSH (Secure Shell) allows secure remote access to another computer.
+
+It encrypts communication between systems.
+
+---
+
+# What is TCP?
+
+TCP is a network protocol focused on reliability and ordered delivery of data.
+
+---
+
+# What is UDP?
+
+UDP is a network protocol focused on speed rather than guaranteed delivery.
+
+---
+
+# What is Authentication?
+
+Authentication answers:
+
+"Who are you?"
+
+It verifies identity.
+
+---
+
+# What is Authorization?
+
+Authorization answers:
+
+"What are you allowed to do?"
+
+It controls permissions.
+
+---
+
+# What is PAM?
+
+PAM (Pluggable Authentication Modules) is Linux's authentication framework.
+
+It centralizes authentication policies for services such as SSH, login and sudo.
+
+---
+
+# What is a Firewall?
+
+A Firewall controls which network traffic is allowed or blocked.
+
+It acts as a security barrier between systems.
+
+---
+
+# What is UFW?
+
+UFW (Uncomplicated Firewall) is a simplified tool used to manage firewall rules.
+
+---
+
+# What is AppArmor?
+
+AppArmor is a security framework that restricts what applications are allowed to do.
+
+It limits damage if an application becomes compromised.
+
+---
+
+# What is Least Privilege?
+
+Least Privilege means giving users and applications only the permissions they actually need.
+
+---
+
+# What is a Partition?
+
+A Partition is a logical division of a disk.
+
+It allows storage to be organized into separate sections.
+
+---
+
+# What is a Filesystem?
+
+A Filesystem defines how files are stored and organized on a disk.
+
+---
+
+# What is a Mount Point?
+
+A Mount Point is a directory where a filesystem becomes accessible.
+
+---
+
+# What is LVM?
+
+LVM (Logical Volume Manager) is a storage management system that provides flexible and resizable storage.
+
+---
+
+# What are PV, VG and LV?
+
+PV (Physical Volume):
+
+Storage managed by LVM.
+
+VG (Volume Group):
+
+A pool of storage created from one or more Physical Volumes.
+
+LV (Logical Volume):
+
+Virtual storage created from a Volume Group.
+
+---
+
+# What is Encryption?
+
+Encryption converts readable data into protected data.
+
+Without the correct key, the data cannot be understood.
+
+---
+
+# Why Encrypt Data?
+
+Encryption protects information if storage devices are lost, stolen or accessed without authorization.
+
+---
+
+# What is a Service?
+
+A Service is a program running in the background that provides functionality to the system.
+
+---
+
+# What is a Daemon?
+
+A Daemon is a background process that waits for work and usually starts automatically.
+
+---
+
+# What is systemd?
+
+systemd is the service manager used by many Linux distributions.
+
+It starts and manages services.
+
+---
+
+# What is systemctl?
+
+systemctl is the command-line tool used to interact with systemd.
+
+---
+
+# What is Logging?
+
+Logging is the process of recording system events.
+
+---
+
+# What is journald?
+
+journald is the logging service used by systemd.
+
+It collects system events and messages.
+
+---
+
+# What is journalctl?
+
+journalctl is used to view and search logs managed by journald.
+
+---
+
+# What is cron?
+
+cron is Linux's task scheduler.
+
+It runs commands automatically at scheduled times.
+
+---
+
+# What is Monitoring?
+
+Monitoring is the process of observing system health and performance.
+
+Examples include CPU, memory, storage and network usage.