Type inference regression of `solve` with keyword arguments

[devmotion]

When updating a private package to more recent SciML versions, I noticed the following type inference regression on Julia 1.11 (as mentioned in a previous bug report, I'm not able to upgrade to a more recent Julia version at the moment):

using OrdinaryDiffEqRosenbrock, ADTypes, LinearSolve, SciMLBase, Test

function f!(du, u, p, t)
    du[1] = -p[1] * u[1]
    du[2] = p[1] * u[1] - p[2] * u[2]
    du[3] = p[2] * u[2] - p[3] * u[3]
    du[4] = p[3] * u[3] - p[4] * u[4]
    du[5] = p[4] * u[4] - p[5] * u[5]
    du[6] = p[5] * u[5] - p[6] * u[6]
    du[7] = p[6] * u[6] - p[7] * u[7]
    du[8] = p[7] * u[7] - p[8] * u[8]
    nothing
end

prob = ODEProblem(f!, zeros(8), (0.0, 1.0), ones(8))
alg = Rodas5P(; autodiff = AutoForwardDiff(; chunksize = 1), linsolve = GenericLUFactorization())

julia> @inferred solve(prob, alg);

julia> @inferred solve(prob, alg; verbose = false);
ERROR: return type ODESolution{Float64, 2, Vector{Vector{Float64}}, Nothing, Nothing, Vector{Float64}, Vector{Vector{Vector{Float64}}}, Nothing, ODEProblem{Vector{Float64}, Tuple{Float64, Float64}, true, Vector{Float64}, ODEFunction{true, SciMLBase.AutoSpecialize, FunctionWrappersWrappers.FunctionWrappersWrapper{Tuple{FunctionWrappers.FunctionWrapper{Nothing, Tuple{Vector{Float64}, Vector{Float64}, Vector{Float64}, Float64}}, FunctionWrappers.FunctionWrapper{Nothing, Tuple{Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}, Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}, Vector{Float64}, Float64}}, FunctionWrappers.FunctionWrapper{Nothing, Tuple{Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}, Vector{Float64}, Vector{Float64}, ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}}, FunctionWrappers.FunctionWrapper{Nothing, Tuple{Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}, Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}, Vector{Float64}, ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}}}, FunctionWrappersWrappers.AllowNonIsBits, FunctionWrappersWrappers.SingleCacheStorage}, LinearAlgebra.UniformScaling{Bool}, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, typeof(SciMLBase.DEFAULT_OBSERVED), Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}, Base.Pairs{Symbol, Union{}, Tuple{}, @NamedTuple{}}, SciMLBase.StandardODEProblem}, Rodas5P{1, AutoForwardDiff{1, ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}}, GenericLUFactorization{LinearAlgebra.RowMaximum}, typeof(OrdinaryDiffEqCore.DEFAULT_PRECS), Val{:forward}(), true, nothing, typeof(OrdinaryDiffEqCore.trivial_limiter!), typeof(OrdinaryDiffEqCore.trivial_limiter!)}, OrdinaryDiffEqCore.InterpolationData{ODEFunction{true, SciMLBase.AutoSpecialize, FunctionWrappersWrappers.FunctionWrappersWrapper{Tuple{FunctionWrappers.FunctionWrapper{Nothing, Tuple{Vector{Float64}, Vector{Float64}, Vector{Float64}, Float64}}, FunctionWrappers.FunctionWrapper{Nothing, Tuple{Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}, Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}, Vector{Float64}, Float64}}, FunctionWrappers.FunctionWrapper{Nothing, Tuple{Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}, Vector{Float64}, Vector{Float64}, ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}}, FunctionWrappers.FunctionWrapper{Nothing, Tuple{Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}, Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}, Vector{Float64}, ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}}}, FunctionWrappersWrappers.AllowNonIsBits, FunctionWrappersWrappers.SingleCacheStorage}, LinearAlgebra.UniformScaling{Bool}, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, typeof(SciMLBase.DEFAULT_OBSERVED), Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}, Vector{Vector{Float64}}, Vector{Float64}, Vector{Vector{Vector{Float64}}}, Nothing, OrdinaryDiffEqRosenbrock.RosenbrockCache{Vector{Float64}, Vector{Float64}, Float64, Vector{Float64}, Matrix{Float64}, Matrix{Float64}, OrdinaryDiffEqRosenbrock.RodasTableau{Float64, Float64, Vector{Float64}}, SciMLBase.TimeGradientWrapper{true, ODEFunction{true, SciMLBase.AutoSpecialize, FunctionWrappersWrappers.FunctionWrappersWrapper{Tuple{FunctionWrappers.FunctionWrapper{Nothing, Tuple{Vector{Float64}, Vector{Float64}, Vector{Float64}, Float64}}, FunctionWrappers.FunctionWrapper{Nothing, Tuple{Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}, Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}, Vector{Float64}, Float64}}, FunctionWrappers.FunctionWrapper{Nothing, Tuple{Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}, Vector{Float64}, Vector{Float64}, ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}}, FunctionWrappers.FunctionWrapper{Nothing, Tuple{Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}, Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}, Vector{Float64}, ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}}}, FunctionWrappersWrappers.AllowNonIsBits, FunctionWrappersWrappers.SingleCacheStorage}, LinearAlgebra.UniformScaling{Bool}, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, typeof(SciMLBase.DEFAULT_OBSERVED), Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}, Vector{Float64}, Vector{Float64}}, SciMLBase.UJacobianWrapper{true, ODEFunction{true, SciMLBase.AutoSpecialize, FunctionWrappersWrappers.FunctionWrappersWrapper{Tuple{FunctionWrappers.FunctionWrapper{Nothing, Tuple{Vector{Float64}, Vector{Float64}, Vector{Float64}, Float64}}, FunctionWrappers.FunctionWrapper{Nothing, Tuple{Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}, Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}, Vector{Float64}, Float64}}, FunctionWrappers.FunctionWrapper{Nothing, Tuple{Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}, Vector{Float64}, Vector{Float64}, ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}}, FunctionWrappers.FunctionWrapper{Nothing, Tuple{Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}, Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}, Vector{Float64}, ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}}}, FunctionWrappersWrappers.AllowNonIsBits, FunctionWrappersWrappers.SingleCacheStorage}, LinearAlgebra.UniformScaling{Bool}, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, typeof(SciMLBase.DEFAULT_OBSERVED), Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}, Float64, Vector{Float64}}, LinearSolve.LinearCache{Matrix{Float64}, Vector{Float64}, Vector{Float64}, SciMLBase.NullParameters, GenericLUFactorization{LinearAlgebra.RowMaximum}, Tuple{LinearAlgebra.LU{Float64, Matrix{Float64}, Vector{Int64}}, Vector{Int64}}, LinearSolve.InvPreconditioner{LinearAlgebra.Diagonal{Float64, Vector{Float64}}}, LinearAlgebra.Diagonal{Float64, Vector{Float64}}, Float64, LinearVerbosity{SciMLLogging.Silent, SciMLLogging.Silent, SciMLLogging.Silent, SciMLLogging.Silent, SciMLLogging.Silent, SciMLLogging.Silent, SciMLLogging.Silent, SciMLLogging.Silent, SciMLLogging.Silent, SciMLLogging.Silent, SciMLLogging.Silent, SciMLLogging.Silent, SciMLLogging.Silent, SciMLLogging.Silent, SciMLLogging.Silent, SciMLLogging.Silent}, Bool, LinearSolveAdjoint{Missing}}, Tuple{DifferentiationInterfaceForwardDiffExt.ForwardDiffTwoArgJacobianPrep{Nothing, ForwardDiff.JacobianConfig{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1, Tuple{Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}, Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}}}, Tuple{}}, DifferentiationInterfaceForwardDiffExt.ForwardDiffTwoArgJacobianPrep{Nothing, ForwardDiff.JacobianConfig{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1, Tuple{Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}, Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}}}, Tuple{}}}, Tuple{DifferentiationInterfaceForwardDiffExt.ForwardDiffTwoArgDerivativePrep{Tuple{SciMLBase.TimeGradientWrapper{true, ODEFunction{true, SciMLBase.AutoSpecialize, FunctionWrappersWrappers.FunctionWrappersWrapper{Tuple{FunctionWrappers.FunctionWrapper{Nothing, Tuple{Vector{Float64}, Vector{Float64}, Vector{Float64}, Float64}}, FunctionWrappers.FunctionWrapper{Nothing, Tuple{Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}, Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}, Vector{Float64}, Float64}}, FunctionWrappers.FunctionWrapper{Nothing, Tuple{Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}, Vector{Float64}, Vector{Float64}, ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}}, FunctionWrappers.FunctionWrapper{Nothing, Tuple{Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}, Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}, Vector{Float64}, ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}}}, FunctionWrappersWrappers.AllowNonIsBits, FunctionWrappersWrappers.SingleCacheStorage}, LinearAlgebra.UniformScaling{Bool}, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, typeof(SciMLBase.DEFAULT_OBSERVED), Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}, Vector{Float64}, Vector{Float64}}, Vector{Float64}, AutoForwardDiff{1, ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}}, Float64, Tuple{}}, Float64, ForwardDiff.DerivativeConfig{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}}, Tuple{}}, DifferentiationInterfaceForwardDiffExt.ForwardDiffTwoArgDerivativePrep{Tuple{SciMLBase.TimeGradientWrapper{true, ODEFunction{true, SciMLBase.AutoSpecialize, FunctionWrappersWrappers.FunctionWrappersWrapper{Tuple{FunctionWrappers.FunctionWrapper{Nothing, Tuple{Vector{Float64}, Vector{Float64}, Vector{Float64}, Float64}}, FunctionWrappers.FunctionWrapper{Nothing, Tuple{Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}, Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}, Vector{Float64}, Float64}}, FunctionWrappers.FunctionWrapper{Nothing, Tuple{Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}, Vector{Float64}, Vector{Float64}, ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}}, FunctionWrappers.FunctionWrapper{Nothing, Tuple{Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}, Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}, Vector{Float64}, ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}}}, FunctionWrappersWrappers.AllowNonIsBits, FunctionWrappersWrappers.SingleCacheStorage}, LinearAlgebra.UniformScaling{Bool}, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, typeof(SciMLBase.DEFAULT_OBSERVED), Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}, Vector{Float64}, Vector{Float64}}, Vector{Float64}, AutoForwardDiff{1, ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}}, Float64, Tuple{}}, Float64, ForwardDiff.DerivativeConfig{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}}, Tuple{}}}, Float64, Rodas5P{1, AutoForwardDiff{1, ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}}, GenericLUFactorization{LinearAlgebra.RowMaximum}, typeof(OrdinaryDiffEqCore.DEFAULT_PRECS), Val{:forward}(), true, nothing, typeof(OrdinaryDiffEqCore.trivial_limiter!), typeof(OrdinaryDiffEqCore.trivial_limiter!)}, typeof(OrdinaryDiffEqCore.trivial_limiter!), typeof(OrdinaryDiffEqCore.trivial_limiter!)}, Nothing}, SciMLBase.DEStats, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing} does not match inferred return type Any
Stacktrace:
 [1] error(s::String)
   @ Base ./error.jl:35
 [2] top-level scope
   @ REPL[19]:1

julia> versioninfo()
Julia Version 1.11.9
Commit 53a02c0720c (2026-02-06 00:27 UTC)
Build Info:
  Official https://julialang.org/ release
Platform Info:
  OS: macOS (arm64-apple-darwin24.0.0)
  CPU: 10 × Apple M2 Pro
  WORD_SIZE: 64
  LLVM: libLLVM-16.0.6 (ORCJIT, apple-m2)
Threads: 1 default, 0 interactive, 1 GC (on 6 virtual cores)

(jl_3RS8lA) pkg> st
Status `/private/var/folders/n6/98_7bm0j0hb57zv3l3tj8sxh0000gn/T/jl_3RS8lA/Project.toml`
  [47edcb42] ADTypes v1.21.0
  [7ed4a6bd] LinearSolve v3.69.0
  [43230ef6] OrdinaryDiffEqRosenbrock v1.29.0
  [b1df2697] OrdinaryDiffEqTsit5 v1.11.0
  [0bca4576] SciMLBase v2.154.0

However, the problem is not limited to Julia 1.11 as I can reproduce the same issue with Julia 1.12:

julia> @inferred solve(prob, alg);

julia> @inferred solve(prob, alg; verbose = false);
ERROR: return type ODESolution{Float64, 2, Vector{Vector{Float64}}, Nothing, Nothing, Vector{Float64}, Vector{Vector{Vector{Float64}}}, Nothing, ODEProblem{Vector{Float64}, Tuple{Float64, Float64}, true, Vector{Float64}, ODEFunction{true, SciMLBase.AutoSpecialize, FunctionWrappersWrappers.FunctionWrappersWrapper{Tuple{FunctionWrappers.FunctionWrapper{Nothing, Tuple{Vector{Float64}, Vector{Float64}, Vector{Float64}, Float64}}, FunctionWrappers.FunctionWrapper{Nothing, Tuple{Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}, Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}, Vector{Float64}, Float64}}, FunctionWrappers.FunctionWrapper{Nothing, Tuple{Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}, Vector{Float64}, Vector{Float64}, ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}}, FunctionWrappers.FunctionWrapper{Nothing, Tuple{Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}, Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}, Vector{Float64}, ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}}}, FunctionWrappersWrappers.AllowNonIsBits, FunctionWrappersWrappers.SingleCacheStorage}, LinearAlgebra.UniformScaling{Bool}, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, typeof(SciMLBase.DEFAULT_OBSERVED), Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}, Base.Pairs{Symbol, Union{}, Nothing, @NamedTuple{}}, SciMLBase.StandardODEProblem}, Rodas5P{1, AutoForwardDiff{1, ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}}, GenericLUFactorization{LinearAlgebra.RowMaximum}, typeof(OrdinaryDiffEqCore.DEFAULT_PRECS), Val{:forward}(), true, nothing, typeof(OrdinaryDiffEqCore.trivial_limiter!), typeof(OrdinaryDiffEqCore.trivial_limiter!)}, OrdinaryDiffEqCore.InterpolationData{ODEFunction{true, SciMLBase.AutoSpecialize, FunctionWrappersWrappers.FunctionWrappersWrapper{Tuple{FunctionWrappers.FunctionWrapper{Nothing, Tuple{Vector{Float64}, Vector{Float64}, Vector{Float64}, Float64}}, FunctionWrappers.FunctionWrapper{Nothing, Tuple{Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}, Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}, Vector{Float64}, Float64}}, FunctionWrappers.FunctionWrapper{Nothing, Tuple{Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}, Vector{Float64}, Vector{Float64}, ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}}, FunctionWrappers.FunctionWrapper{Nothing, Tuple{Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}, Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}, Vector{Float64}, ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}}}, FunctionWrappersWrappers.AllowNonIsBits, FunctionWrappersWrappers.SingleCacheStorage}, LinearAlgebra.UniformScaling{Bool}, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, typeof(SciMLBase.DEFAULT_OBSERVED), Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}, Vector{Vector{Float64}}, Vector{Float64}, Vector{Vector{Vector{Float64}}}, Nothing, OrdinaryDiffEqRosenbrock.RosenbrockCache{Vector{Float64}, Vector{Float64}, Float64, Vector{Float64}, Matrix{Float64}, Matrix{Float64}, OrdinaryDiffEqRosenbrock.RodasTableau{Float64, Float64, Vector{Float64}}, SciMLBase.TimeGradientWrapper{true, ODEFunction{true, SciMLBase.AutoSpecialize, FunctionWrappersWrappers.FunctionWrappersWrapper{Tuple{FunctionWrappers.FunctionWrapper{Nothing, Tuple{Vector{Float64}, Vector{Float64}, Vector{Float64}, Float64}}, FunctionWrappers.FunctionWrapper{Nothing, Tuple{Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}, Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}, Vector{Float64}, Float64}}, FunctionWrappers.FunctionWrapper{Nothing, Tuple{Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}, Vector{Float64}, Vector{Float64}, ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}}, FunctionWrappers.FunctionWrapper{Nothing, Tuple{Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}, Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}, Vector{Float64}, ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}}}, FunctionWrappersWrappers.AllowNonIsBits, FunctionWrappersWrappers.SingleCacheStorage}, LinearAlgebra.UniformScaling{Bool}, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, typeof(SciMLBase.DEFAULT_OBSERVED), Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}, Vector{Float64}, Vector{Float64}}, SciMLBase.UJacobianWrapper{true, ODEFunction{true, SciMLBase.AutoSpecialize, FunctionWrappersWrappers.FunctionWrappersWrapper{Tuple{FunctionWrappers.FunctionWrapper{Nothing, Tuple{Vector{Float64}, Vector{Float64}, Vector{Float64}, Float64}}, FunctionWrappers.FunctionWrapper{Nothing, Tuple{Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}, Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}, Vector{Float64}, Float64}}, FunctionWrappers.FunctionWrapper{Nothing, Tuple{Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}, Vector{Float64}, Vector{Float64}, ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}}, FunctionWrappers.FunctionWrapper{Nothing, Tuple{Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}, Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}, Vector{Float64}, ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}}}, FunctionWrappersWrappers.AllowNonIsBits, FunctionWrappersWrappers.SingleCacheStorage}, LinearAlgebra.UniformScaling{Bool}, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, typeof(SciMLBase.DEFAULT_OBSERVED), Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}, Float64, Vector{Float64}}, LinearSolve.LinearCache{Matrix{Float64}, Vector{Float64}, Vector{Float64}, SciMLBase.NullParameters, GenericLUFactorization{LinearAlgebra.RowMaximum}, Tuple{LinearAlgebra.LU{Float64, Matrix{Float64}, Vector{Int64}}, Vector{Int64}}, LinearSolve.InvPreconditioner{LinearAlgebra.Diagonal{Float64, Vector{Float64}}}, LinearAlgebra.Diagonal{Float64, Vector{Float64}}, Float64, LinearVerbosity{SciMLLogging.Silent, SciMLLogging.Silent, SciMLLogging.Silent, SciMLLogging.Silent, SciMLLogging.Silent, SciMLLogging.Silent, SciMLLogging.Silent, SciMLLogging.Silent, SciMLLogging.Silent, SciMLLogging.Silent, SciMLLogging.Silent, SciMLLogging.Silent, SciMLLogging.Silent, SciMLLogging.Silent, SciMLLogging.Silent, SciMLLogging.Silent}, Bool, LinearSolveAdjoint{Missing}}, Tuple{DifferentiationInterfaceForwardDiffExt.ForwardDiffTwoArgJacobianPrep{Nothing, ForwardDiff.JacobianConfig{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1, Tuple{Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}, Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}}}, Tuple{}}, DifferentiationInterfaceForwardDiffExt.ForwardDiffTwoArgJacobianPrep{Nothing, ForwardDiff.JacobianConfig{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1, Tuple{Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}, Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}}}, Tuple{}}}, Tuple{DifferentiationInterfaceForwardDiffExt.ForwardDiffTwoArgDerivativePrep{Tuple{SciMLBase.TimeGradientWrapper{true, ODEFunction{true, SciMLBase.AutoSpecialize, FunctionWrappersWrappers.FunctionWrappersWrapper{Tuple{FunctionWrappers.FunctionWrapper{Nothing, Tuple{Vector{Float64}, Vector{Float64}, Vector{Float64}, Float64}}, FunctionWrappers.FunctionWrapper{Nothing, Tuple{Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}, Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}, Vector{Float64}, Float64}}, FunctionWrappers.FunctionWrapper{Nothing, Tuple{Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}, Vector{Float64}, Vector{Float64}, ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}}, FunctionWrappers.FunctionWrapper{Nothing, Tuple{Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}, Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}, Vector{Float64}, ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}}}, FunctionWrappersWrappers.AllowNonIsBits, FunctionWrappersWrappers.SingleCacheStorage}, LinearAlgebra.UniformScaling{Bool}, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, typeof(SciMLBase.DEFAULT_OBSERVED), Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}, Vector{Float64}, Vector{Float64}}, Vector{Float64}, AutoForwardDiff{1, ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}}, Float64, Tuple{}}, Float64, ForwardDiff.DerivativeConfig{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}}, Tuple{}}, DifferentiationInterfaceForwardDiffExt.ForwardDiffTwoArgDerivativePrep{Tuple{SciMLBase.TimeGradientWrapper{true, ODEFunction{true, SciMLBase.AutoSpecialize, FunctionWrappersWrappers.FunctionWrappersWrapper{Tuple{FunctionWrappers.FunctionWrapper{Nothing, Tuple{Vector{Float64}, Vector{Float64}, Vector{Float64}, Float64}}, FunctionWrappers.FunctionWrapper{Nothing, Tuple{Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}, Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}, Vector{Float64}, Float64}}, FunctionWrappers.FunctionWrapper{Nothing, Tuple{Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}, Vector{Float64}, Vector{Float64}, ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}}, FunctionWrappers.FunctionWrapper{Nothing, Tuple{Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}, Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}, Vector{Float64}, ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}}}, FunctionWrappersWrappers.AllowNonIsBits, FunctionWrappersWrappers.SingleCacheStorage}, LinearAlgebra.UniformScaling{Bool}, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, typeof(SciMLBase.DEFAULT_OBSERVED), Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing}, Vector{Float64}, Vector{Float64}}, Vector{Float64}, AutoForwardDiff{1, ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}}, Float64, Tuple{}}, Float64, ForwardDiff.DerivativeConfig{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Vector{ForwardDiff.Dual{ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}, Float64, 1}}}, Tuple{}}}, Float64, Rodas5P{1, AutoForwardDiff{1, ForwardDiff.Tag{DiffEqBase.OrdinaryDiffEqTag, Float64}}, GenericLUFactorization{LinearAlgebra.RowMaximum}, typeof(OrdinaryDiffEqCore.DEFAULT_PRECS), Val{:forward}(), true, nothing, typeof(OrdinaryDiffEqCore.trivial_limiter!), typeof(OrdinaryDiffEqCore.trivial_limiter!)}, typeof(OrdinaryDiffEqCore.trivial_limiter!), typeof(OrdinaryDiffEqCore.trivial_limiter!)}, Nothing}, SciMLBase.DEStats, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, Nothing} does not match inferred return type Any
Stacktrace:
 [1] error(s::String)
   @ Base ./error.jl:44
 [2] top-level scope
   @ REPL[8]:1

(jl_eA7WRE) pkg> st
Status `/private/var/folders/n6/98_7bm0j0hb57zv3l3tj8sxh0000gn/T/jl_eA7WRE/Project.toml`
  [47edcb42] ADTypes v1.21.0
  [7ed4a6bd] LinearSolve v3.69.0
  [43230ef6] OrdinaryDiffEqRosenbrock v1.29.0
  [0bca4576] SciMLBase v2.154.0

julia> versioninfo()
Julia Version 1.12.5
Commit 5fe89b8ddc1 (2026-02-09 16:05 UTC)
Build Info:
  Official https://julialang.org release
Platform Info:
  OS: macOS (arm64-apple-darwin24.0.0)
  CPU: 10 × Apple M2 Pro
  WORD_SIZE: 64
  LLVM: libLLVM-18.1.7 (ORCJIT, apple-m2)
  GC: Built with stock GC
Threads: 1 default, 1 interactive, 1 GC (on 6 virtual cores)

[ChrisRackauckas]

Was this not solved in the last OrdinaryDiffEqCore patch?

[ChrisRackauckas]

Oh it looks like it's because you're setting @inferred solve(prob, alg; verbose = false). Use the non-deprecated path in order to get inference. I'm not sure it's possible for the deprecation path to infer better either. And since v7 is so close and it's already deleted, I'd just not recommend using the old bool interface at all.

[devmotion]

Indeed, using SciMLLogging seems to fix the inference issue:

julia> @inferred solve(prob, alg; verbose = SciMLLogging.None());

Use the non-deprecated path in order to get inference

It's very challenging (almost impossible) for users to know about this without actually deprecating it. I'm running CI with --depwarn=error, and it didn't flag any deprecation. IMO every deprecated path should emit proper deprecation warnings (to make them non-silent even in the default --depwarn=yes mode, I started to basically always use Base.depwarn(...; force=true); otherwise users won't be notified).

[devmotion]

Oh using SciMLLogging.None reveals another problem: Apparently Sundials.jl only supports verbose::Bool:

  TypeError: non-boolean (SciMLLogging.None) used in boolean context

[ChrisRackauckas]

@jClugstor didn't you handle Sundials?

[devmotion]

According to Pkg I'm using the latest Sundials.jl release. Also on master Sundials.jl doesn't depend on SciMLLogging and enforces verbose::Bool in its DEOptions

[ChrisRackauckas]

I'll have to hear from Jadon because I was sure he had a PR to all libraries as well, but yes I don't see the PR open.

[jClugstor]

I don't think I did Sundials, I'll get that done ASAP.

[ChrisRackauckas]

This got handled with the new SciMLLogging v2