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fix(memory): add GC memory pressure tracking for native allocations
Fixes GitHub issue #501 where memory would grow to 10GB+ when creating many NDArrays in a loop without explicit GC.Collect() calls. Root cause: NumSharp allocates data via NativeMemory.Alloc (unmanaged) but did not inform the GC about this memory pressure. The GC only saw small managed wrapper objects (~100 bytes) and was unaware of the ~880+ bytes of unmanaged data per array, so it wouldn't trigger collections frequently enough. Fix: Add GC.AddMemoryPressure() when allocating unmanaged memory and GC.RemoveMemoryPressure() when freeing it. This informs the GC about the true memory footprint so it schedules collections appropriately. Only the Native path (NativeMemory.Alloc) tracks pressure. External memory paths (np.frombuffer with dispose) are the caller's responsibility. Before fix: Creating 1M arrays with 110 doubles each peaked at 10+ GB After fix: Same workload peaks at ~54 MB (stable, proper GC behavior)
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Lines changed: 22 additions & 6 deletions

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src/NumSharp.Core/Backends/Unmanaged/UnmanagedMemoryBlock`1.cs

Lines changed: 22 additions & 6 deletions
Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -52,16 +52,19 @@ public UnmanagedMemoryBlock(T* ptr, long count)
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/// <summary>
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/// Construct with externally allocated memory and a custom <paramref name="dispose"/> function.
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/// </summary>
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/// <param name="start"></param>
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/// <param name="start">Pointer to externally allocated unmanaged memory.</param>
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/// <param name="count">The length in objects of <typeparamref name="T"/> and not in bytes.</param>
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/// <param name="dispose"></param>
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/// <remarks>Does claim ownership.</remarks>
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/// <param name="dispose">Cleanup action called when memory is released.</param>
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/// <remarks>
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/// Claims ownership of the memory. Caller is responsible for GC.AddMemoryPressure
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/// if the memory is unmanaged and large enough to warrant it.
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/// </remarks>
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[MethodImpl(OptimizeAndInline)]
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public UnmanagedMemoryBlock(T* start, long count, Action dispose)
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{
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Count = count;
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BytesCount = InfoOf<T>.Size * count;
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_disposer = new Disposer(dispose);
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_disposer = new Disposer(dispose); // Caller tracks pressure for their allocation
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Address = start;
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}
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@@ -1017,11 +1020,21 @@ public Disposer(GCHandle gcHandle)
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/// <summary>
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/// Construct a AllocationType.External
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/// </summary>
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/// <param name="dispose"></param>
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public Disposer(Action dispose)
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/// <param name="dispose">The cleanup action to invoke on disposal.</param>
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/// <param name="bytesCount">
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/// Optional: Size in bytes for GC memory pressure tracking.
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/// Pass 0 for managed memory (GCHandle) or when caller manages pressure.
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/// Pass actual bytes for unmanaged memory to inform GC.
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/// </param>
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public Disposer(Action dispose, long bytesCount = 0)
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{
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_dispose = dispose;
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_bytesCount = bytesCount;
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_type = AllocationType.External;
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// Track memory pressure for external unmanaged memory
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if (bytesCount > 0)
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GC.AddMemoryPressure(bytesCount);
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}
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/// <summary>
@@ -1052,6 +1065,9 @@ private void ReleaseUnmanagedResources()
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return;
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case AllocationType.External:
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_dispose();
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// Remove GC memory pressure if it was added for external unmanaged memory
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if (_bytesCount > 0)
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GC.RemoveMemoryPressure(_bytesCount);
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return;
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case AllocationType.GCHandle:
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_gcHandle.Free();

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