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Stack-based-Calculator

Overview

This program implements a calculator that performs mathematical operations using a stack-based approach. It processes mathematical expressions like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, exponentiation, and factorials. The program utilizes a custom LinkedStack class to manage operations and follows standard operator precedence rules.

Features

  • Basic Arithmetic : Supports addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and exponentiation.
  • Factorial Calculation : Computes the factorial of integers.
  • Parentheses Handling : Handles expressions with parentheses correctly.
  • Constants : Supports constants like Euler's number (e) and pi (p).
  • Operator Precedence : Correctly evaluates operations in the order of precedence using stacks.

Key Methods

  1. fillStack():

    • Fills the stack with the individual elements of the input expression.
    • Validates the expression and ensures that the operators and operands are in a valid sequence.

  2. factorial(int n):

    • Computes the factorial of a given integer n.

  3. calcPowers():

    • Evaluates exponentiation (^) operations.

  4. calcMulAndDiv():

    • Handles multiplication (x) and division (/) operations.

  5. calcPlusAndSub():

    • Handles addition (+) and subtraction (-) operations.

  6. calculate():

    • The main calculation function that processes the input expression and returns the result.
    • It manages the entire sequence of operations by calling helper functions like calcPowers, calcMulAndDiv, and calcPlusAndSub.

Error Handling

  • The calculator throws an exception if the input expression contains invalid characters or malformed operations. For example:
    • Operators cannot be placed at the beginning or end of an expression.
    • Invalid usage of factorial (!) or mismatched parentheses will throw an exception.

Input Format

  • The input is a string containing the mathematical expression to be evaluated.
  • Operators: +, -, x, /, ^, !
  • Constants: e for Euler's number, p for pi
  • Parentheses: () for grouping
  • Example: "3+5*(2^3)-6"

Output Format

  • The output will be the result of the expression after evaluation.

Dependencies

  • The program requires a LinkedStack class that is used to manage the stack operations. Ensure this class is defined in your project.