diff --git a/.changeset/theme-extension-build-watch.md b/.changeset/theme-extension-build-watch.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3f985201bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/theme-extension-build-watch.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+'@shopify/app': patch
+---
+
+Theme app extensions now support `[build].watch` in `shopify.extension.toml` to restrict which files trigger bundle rebuilds during `shopify app dev`. This mirrors the behavior already available for function extensions. When `build.watch` is specified, the CLI only reacts to changes in those paths (plus `locales/**.json` and `**.toml`) instead of the entire extension directory, preventing redundant bundle cycles when an external build tool (e.g. Vite) writes multiple output files.
diff --git a/packages/app/src/cli/models/extensions/specifications/theme.ts b/packages/app/src/cli/models/extensions/specifications/theme.ts
index 8e6d27d27e..f6381275d2 100644
--- a/packages/app/src/cli/models/extensions/specifications/theme.ts
+++ b/packages/app/src/cli/models/extensions/specifications/theme.ts
@@ -3,13 +3,24 @@ import {BaseSchema} from '../schemas.js'
 import {themeExtensionFiles} from '../../../utilities/extensions/theme.js'
 import {ExtensionInstance} from '../extension-instance.js'
 import {fileSize} from '@shopify/cli-kit/node/fs'
-import {dirname, relativePath} from '@shopify/cli-kit/node/path'
+import {dirname, joinPath, relativePath} from '@shopify/cli-kit/node/path'
 import {AbortError} from '@shopify/cli-kit/node/error'
 import {outputContent, outputToken} from '@shopify/cli-kit/node/output'
+import {zod} from '@shopify/cli-kit/node/schema'
+
+const ThemeExtensionSchema = BaseSchema.extend({
+  build: zod
+    .object({
+      watch: zod.union([zod.string(), zod.string().array()]).optional(),
+    })
+    .optional(),
+})
+
+type ThemeExtensionConfigType = zod.infer<typeof ThemeExtensionSchema>
 
 const themeSpec = createExtensionSpecification({
   identifier: 'theme',
-  schema: BaseSchema,
+  schema: ThemeExtensionSchema,
   partnersWebIdentifier: 'theme_app_extension',
   graphQLType: 'theme_app_extension',
   clientSteps: [
@@ -24,6 +35,17 @@ const themeSpec = createExtensionSpecification({
   appModuleFeatures: (_) => {
     return ['theme']
   },
+  devSessionWatchConfig: (extension: ExtensionInstance<ThemeExtensionConfigType>) => {
+    const config = extension.configuration
+    if (!config.build || !config.build.watch) return undefined
+
+    const paths = [config.build.watch].flat().map((path) => joinPath(extension.directory, path))
+
+    paths.push(joinPath(extension.directory, 'locales', '**.json'))
+    paths.push(joinPath(extension.directory, '**.toml'))
+
+    return {paths}
+  },
   deployConfig: async () => {
     return {theme_extension: {files: {}}}
   },