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Linux Commands

📁 Important Files

File Path Description
/etc/passwd Stores user account information
/etc/shadow Stores user passwords and password aging data
/etc/group Stores group information
/etc/sudoers Defines users/groups allowed to run sudo

👤 User Management

  • View user info:

      grep -i ^bob /etc/passwd

    Example Output:

    bob:x:1002:1002::/home/bob:/bin/sh

    USERNAME:PASSWORD:UID:GID:GECOS:HOMEDIR:SHELL

  • Change password:

    passwd             # For current user
passwd <username> # For specific user

  • Delete a user:

    userdel <username>

🔐 Password Details

  • View password entry:

    grep -i ^bob /etc/shadow

    Example Output:

    bob:$6$...:18188:0:99999:7:::

    USERNAME:PASSWORD:LASTCHANGE:MINAGE:MAXAGE:WARN:INACTIVE:EXPDATE

👥 Group Management

  • Add a group:

    groupadd <groupname>

  • Delete a group:

    groupdel <groupname>

  • View user's group memberships:

    grep -i ^bob /etc/group
    GROUPNAME:PASSWORD:GID:MEMBERS

  • Reset the shell Cache

hash -r