feat: add cellular succinate export via MCT proton symport#1039
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Human-GEM has three Na-coupled succinate import reactions across the plasma membrane (MAR09610, MAR04939, MAR04938) but no export, so cytosolic succinate could not be secreted. Succinate export is relevant in hypoxia and is mediated by the monocarboxylate transporters MCT1 (SLC16A1) and MCT4 (SLC16A3) (PMID:35363247). Add MAR20192, a reversible succinate + H+ symport across the plasma membrane (GPR SLC16A1 or SLC16A3), modelled like the existing lactate MCT reaction MAR05998. Secretion now works through the existing exchange reaction MAR09415. Mitochondrial succinate export is already possible via the reversible SLC25A10/SLC25A1 antiporters, so no mitochondrial reaction is added.
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This PR has been automatically tested with GH Actions. Here is the output of the MACAW test: Starting dead-end test... This and a more detailed output from MACAW are also committed to
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Main improvements in this PR:
As requested in #424, adds cellular export of succinate.
Human-GEM has three Na-coupled succinate import reactions across the plasma membrane (MAR09610, MAR04939, MAR04938) but no export, so cytosolic succinate could not be secreted (relevant for hypoxia).
MAR20192:succinate[c] + H+[c] <=> succinate[e] + H+[e], GPRSLC16A1 or SLC16A3(ENSG00000155380 or ENSG00000141526), reversible, modelled on the existing lactate MCT reaction MAR05998. ReferencePMID:35363247(MCT-mediated succinate export).Succinate secretion now works through the existing exchange reaction MAR09415. Mitochondrial succinate export is already possible via the reversible SLC25A10/SLC25A1 antiporters, so no mitochondrial reaction is added.
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