PHONEMES.md

BRAPA

Vowels

BRAPA	X-SAMPA	Description	Example	Phonetic	Notes
a	a	Open front unrounded vowel	Amigo	[a m i g u]
ax	6	Near-open central vowel	Câmera	[k ax m e r a]
an	6~	/6/ Nasal	Amante	[a m an ch i]
e	e	Close-mid front unrounded vowel	Exausto	[e z a w s t u]
en	e~	/e/ Nasal	Tempo	[t en p u]
eh	E	Open-mid front unrounded vowel	Até	[a t eh]
	ae	{	Near-open front unrounded vowel	Pedra	[p ae d r a]
aen	{~	/{/ Nasal	Penha	[p aen nh a]	Regional (13 & 3)
i	i	Close front unrounded vowel	Figo	[f i g u]
in	i~	/i/ Nasal	Simples	[s in p l i s]
i0	I	Near-close front unrounded vowel	Neném	[n i0 n en y]	Reduction and neutralization of unstressed /e/ (may be epenthetic), /E/ and /i/; May be voiceless. Appears in consonant clusters and vowel repetitions.
o	o	Close-mid back rounded vowel	Hospital	[o s p i t a w]
on	o~	/o/ Nasal	Som	[s on]
oh	O	Open-mid back rounded vowel	Pó	[p oh]
u	u	Close back rounded vowel	Sul	[s u w]
un	u~	/u/ Nasal	Mundo	[m un d u]
u0	U	Near-close back rounded vowel	Solto	[s o w t u0]	Reduction and neutralization of unstressed /u, o, O/; May be voiceless.

*Phonemes in the description follow the X-Sampa standard
*Numbers in parentheses represent the numbering of regional accents found in Brazil: Dialects of the Portuguese Language (PT-BR) / Portuguese dialects (English)

Semivowels

BRAPA	X-SAMPA	Description	Example	Phonetic	Notes
y	j	Palatal approximant	Pai / Yatch	[p a y] / [y a ch]
w	w	Labial-velar approximant	Meu / Wav	[m e w] / [w a v]

Consonants

BRAPA	X-SAMPA	Description	Example	Phonetic	Notes
b	b	Voiced bilabial plosive	Bolo	[b o l u]
ch	tS	Voiceless postalveolar affricate	Tchau	[ch a w]
d	d	Voiced alveolar plosive	Dor	[d o h]
dj	dZ	Voiced postalveolar affricate	Dizer	[dj i z e h]
f	f	Voiceless labiodental fricative	Fada	[f a d ax]
g	g	Voiced velar plosive	Gato	[g a t u]
h	h	Voiceless glottal fricative	Carro	[k a h u]
hr	R	Voiced uvular fricative	Ranço	[hr a n s u]	Regional (4 & 11)
j	Z	Voiced postalveolar fricative	Já	[j a]
k	k	Voiceless velar plosive	Cor	[k o h]
l	l	Alveolar lateral approximant	Lágrima	[l a g r i m a]
lh	L	Palatal lateral approximant	Palhaço	[p a lh a s u0]
m	m	Bilabial nasal	Mês	[m e s]
n	n	Alveolar nasal	Navio	[n a v i w]
ng	N	Velar nasal	Manga	[m an ng a]	Allophone of /n/ before /ɡ/ and /k/. When the speaker does not delete the /n/ by merging it with the preceding vowel.
nh	J	Palatal nasal	Sonho	[s o nh u]
p	p	Voiceless bilabial plosive	Pipoca	[p i p o c a]
r	4	Alveolar flap	Pará	[p a r a]
rr	r	Alveolar trill	Rato	[rr a t u]
rh	@`	R-coloured schwa	Carne	[k a rh n i]	Regional (1 & 10)
rw	r\	Alveolar approximant	Amor	[a m o rw]	Used by speakers of brazilian Centro-Sul region.
s	s	Voiceless alveolar fricative	Sorte	[s oh x ch i]
sh	S	Voiceless postalveolar fricative	Chão	[sh an w]
t	t	Voiceless alveolar plosive	Torta	[t oh rh t a]
v	v	Voiced labiodental fricative	Vaso	[v a z u0]
x	x	Voiceless velar fricative	Partir	[p a x ch i x]	Regional (4)
z	z	Voiced alveolar fricative	Zebra	[z e b r ax]

*Phonemes in the description follow the X-Sampa standard
*Numbers in parentheses represent the numbering of regional accents found in Brazil: Dialects of the Portuguese Language (PT-BR) / Portuguese dialects (English)

Others / Additionals

Phonemes	Description
SP	Silence - Used in unsung/silent areas
AP	Aspiration - Breaths
cl	Occlusion / Glottal stop - Occlusion of a plosive syllable, when you hold the syllable before pronouncing, common in Japanese. Can also be used as a glottal stop between vowels
vf	Vocal Fry - A low, harsh sound that occupies the vocal range below the modal voice
xxx	Trash - Used to remove phonemes that are not on the list above or small errors