Fix: handle null key in IterativeBinarySearch

[kadambari25]

🐛 Fix: Handle null key in IterativeBinarySearch

Description

The current implementation of IterativeBinarySearch handles null and empty arrays but does not account for a null search key.

This can lead to a NullPointerException when calling:

key.compareTo(array[mid])

Changes Made

• Added a null check for the key parameter in the find method:

if (array == null || array.length == 0 || key == null) {
    return -1;
}

Why this is important

• Prevents runtime crashes when a null key is passed
• Improves robustness and defensive programming
• Ensures consistent behavior across edge cases

Type of change

• Bug fix
• New feature
• Documentation update

Checklist

• I have read the contributing guidelines
• This is my own work
• Code follows project conventions

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 0% with 1 line in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 79.47%. Comparing base (13aaad2) to head (ca3327e).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
.../thealgorithms/searches/IterativeBinarySearch.java	0.00%	0 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff            @@
##             master    #7365   +/-   ##
=========================================
  Coverage     79.46%   79.47%           
+ Complexity     7131     7130    -1     
=========================================
  Files           795      795           
  Lines         23297    23297           
  Branches       4587     4587           
=========================================
+ Hits          18513    18515    +2     
+ Misses         4047     4046    -1     
+ Partials        737      736    -1     

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[kadambari25]

Hi, I’ve added a null check for the key parameter to prevent potential NullPointerException. Please let me know if any changes are needed.