For each of these measurements, we take the SNR of the best gateway, and we calculate the so-called "margin", which is the measured SNR minus the required SNR to demodulate a message given the data rate. This margin is used to determine how much we can increase the data rate or lower the transmit power. For example, when the network receives a message with data rate `SF12BW125` and SNR `5.0`, that message has a margin of 25 dB. This is a waste of valuable airtime and energy. If we would increase the data rate to `SF7BW125` we would still have a margin of 12.5 dB, but that would be many times more airtime- and energy efficient. We could even lower the transmit power to save even more energy and cause less interference.
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