Refactor math evaluator into modular components

Replaces the monolithic evaluator implementation with a modular structure, separating operators, methods, constants, tokenization, error handling, and expression evaluation into distinct files. Removes obsolete files and introduces extensibility for custom operators, methods, and constants. This refactor improves maintainability and clarity of the math evaluation logic.

Author: Mqxx

src/math/evaluate/associativity.ts

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+export const associativity = {
+  left: 'LEFT',
+  right: 'RIGHT'
+} as const;
+
+export type Associativity = typeof associativity[keyof typeof associativity]

src/math/evaluate/constant/defaults.ts

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+export const defaults: Record<string, number> = {
+  pi: Math.PI,
+  e: Math.E,
+};

src/math/evaluate/constant/definition.ts

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+export type Definition = number

src/math/evaluate/constant/index.ts

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+export { defaults } from './defaults.ts'
+export type { Definition } from './definition.ts'

src/math/evaluate/defaults.ts

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+import type { Definition } from "./definition.ts"
+
+export const defaults : Record<string, Definition> = {
+  '+': {
+    precedence: 1,
+    associativity: 'LEFT',
+    calculateFn: (a, b) => a + b
+  },
+  '-': {
+    precedence: 1,
+    associativity: 'LEFT',
+    calculateFn: (a, b) => a - b
+  },
+  '*': {
+    precedence: 2,
+    associativity: 'LEFT',
+    calculateFn: (a, b) => a * b
+  },
+  '/': {
+    precedence: 2,
+    associativity: 'LEFT',
+    calculateFn: (a, b) => a / b,
+    checkFn: (_, b) => b !== 0
+  },
+  '^': {
+    precedence: 3,
+    associativity: 'RIGHT',
+    calculateFn: (a, b) => a ** b,
+    checkFn: (a, b) => !(a < 0 && !Number.isInteger(b))
+  }
+}

src/math/evaluate/definition.ts

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+import type { Associativity } from "./associativity.ts";
+
+export interface Definition {
+  /** The priority of this operator */
+  precedence : number,
+  /** The direction from which the operator values get parsed */
+  associativity : Associativity,
+  /** The function to use for calculating the corresponding result */
+  calculateFn : (a: number, b: number) => number,
+  /** The function to use for checking the input */
+  checkFn?: (a: number, b: number) => boolean
+}

src/math/evaluate/error/index.ts

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+export { InvalidOperatorValueError } from './invalid_operator_value_error.ts'
+export { InvalidMethodValueError } from './invalid_method_value_error.ts'
+export { UnknownTokenError } from './unknown_token_error.ts'

src/math/evaluate/error/invalid_input_error.ts

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+export class InvalidMethodValueError extends Error {
+  public readonly method : string;
+  public readonly args: (string | number)[];
+  constructor(
+    method : string,
+    args : (string | number)[]
+  ) {
+    super(`Invalid value for method '${method}': (${args.join(', ')})`)
+
+    this.method = method,
+    this.args = args
+  }
+}

src/math/evaluate/error/invalid_method_value_error.ts

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+export class InvalidOperatorValueError extends Error {
+  public readonly operator : string;
+  public readonly a : string | number;
+  public readonly b : string | number;
+
+  constructor(
+    operator: string,
+    a: string | number,
+    b: string | number
+  ) {
+    super(`Invalid value for operator '${operator}': (${a}, ${b})`)
+
+    this.operator = operator,
+    this.a = a;
+    this.b = b;
+  }
+}