fix(server): Explicitly bind to IPv4 loopback

In some environments, 'localhost' might resolve to the IPv6 loopback
address '::1' which is often unexpected. This can especially lead to
problems where other tools might resolve 'localhost' differently in the
same environment.

This change explicitly binds to the IPv4 loopback address '127.0.0.1'
instead of resolving the address from 'localhost'.

In case remote connections are allowed, no host is specified so that
Node.js binds to either the unspecified IPv4 or -IPv6 address (which
usually also accepts IPv4 connections) [1]

[1] https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v25.x/api/net.html#serverlistenport-host-backlog-callback

Cherry-pick of SAP/ui5-server#763

Author: RandomByte

packages/server/lib/server.js

@@ -26,18 +26,19 @@ function _listen(app, port, changePortIfInUse, acceptRemoteConnections) {
 		const options = {};
 
 		if (!acceptRemoteConnections) {
-			options.host = "localhost";
-		}
+			// Unless remote connections are allowed, bind to the IPv4 loopback address
+			options.host = "127.0.0.1";
+		} // If remote connections are allowed, do not set host so the server listens on all supported interfaces
 
-		const host = options.host || "127.0.0.1";
+		const portScanHost = options.host || "127.0.0.1";
 		let portMax;
 		if (changePortIfInUse) {
 			portMax = port + 30;
 		} else {
 			portMax = port;
 		}
 
-		portscanner.findAPortNotInUse(port, portMax, host, function(error, foundPort) {
+		portscanner.findAPortNotInUse(port, portMax, portScanHost, function(error, foundPort) {
 			if (error) {
 				reject(error);
 				return;
@@ -49,15 +50,15 @@ function _listen(app, port, changePortIfInUse, acceptRemoteConnections) {
 						`EADDRINUSE: Could not find available ports between ${port} and ${portMax}.`);
 					error.code = "EADDRINUSE";
 					error.errno = "EADDRINUSE";
-					error.address = host;
+					error.address = portScanHost;
 					error.port = portMax;
 					reject(error);
 					return;
 				} else {
 					const error = new Error(`EADDRINUSE: Port ${port} is already in use.`);
 					error.code = "EADDRINUSE";
 					error.errno = "EADDRINUSE";
-					error.address = host;
+					error.address = portScanHost;
 					error.port = portMax;
 					reject(error);
 					return;

packages/server/test/lib/server/ports.js

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ test.serial("Start server - Port is already taken and an error occurs", async (t
 	);
 	t.is(
 		error.address,
-		"localhost",
+		"127.0.0.1",
 		"Correct error address"
 	);
 	t.is(
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ test.serial("Start server together with node server - Port is already taken and
 	});
 
 	t.deepEqual(server.port, nextFoundPort, "Resolves with correct port");
-	const request = supertest(`http://localhost:${nextFoundPort}`);
+	const request = supertest(`http://127.0.0.1:${nextFoundPort}`);
 	const result = await request.get("/index.html");
 	if (result.error) {
 		t.fail(result.error.text);
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ test.serial(
 		);
 		t.is(
 			error.address,
-			"localhost",
+			"127.0.0.1",
 			"Correct error address"
 		);
 		t.is(
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ test.serial("Start server twice - Port is already taken and the next one is used
 	});
 	t.deepEqual(serveResult2.port, nextFoundPort, "Resolves with correct port");
 
-	const request = supertest(`http://localhost:${nextFoundPort}`);
+	const request = supertest(`http://127.0.0.1:${nextFoundPort}`);
 	const result = await request.get("/index.html");
 	if (result.error) {
 		t.fail(result.error.text);