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This project is a coffee vending machine capable of creating a variety of coffee drinks using a gravity- and time-based dispenser of hot water and instant coffee. To implement this idea, we'll use a solenoid valve for the water tank, a servo motor with a flap for the coffee container, drink selection buttons, and a host of additional features: an LCD screen displaying the brewing process and water level, a buzzer to notify when the coffee is ready, and a float sensor to indicate when the water level is low. At the core of all these devices will be an ESP32-C6 chip; the enclosure will be a wooden T-shaped structure.
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This project is a lemonade vending machine capable of creating a variety of lemonade drinks using a gravity- and time-based dispenser of hot water and instant lemonade. To implement this idea, we'll use a solenoid valve for the water tank, a servo motor with a flap for the lemonade container, drink selection buttons, and a host of additional features: an LCD screen displaying the brewing process and water level, a buzzer to notify when the lemonade is ready, and a float sensor to indicate when the water level is low. At the core of all these devices will be an ESP32-C6 chip; the enclosure will be a wooden T-shaped structure.
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## Motivation
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My desire to build a coffee machine, rather than any other device, is easy to explain – I'm a big fan of this aromatic drink, and if I'm going to do anything, it's going to be something I personally wouldn't shy away from using. Of course, my design is a far cry from a professional coffee machine, but at the same time, I think it will provide worthy competition to the machines dotted around campus.
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My desire to build a lemonade machine, rather than any other device, is easy to explain – I'm a big fan of this aromatic drink, and if I'm going to do anything, it's going to be something I personally wouldn't shy away from using. Of course, my design is a far cry from a professional lemonade machine, but at the same time, I think it will provide worthy competition to the machines dotted around campus.
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## Architecture
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The system is organized into three functional layers:
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**Input Layer**
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- Three tactile push buttons select the drink mode: Espresso, Double Espresso, or Americano.
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- Three tactile push buttons select the drink mode: Standard, Extra Sweet, or Not-so-sweet.
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- A float switch liquid level sensor monitors the water tank and signals when it is empty.
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**Control Layer**
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- The ESP32-C6 SuperMini runs the main async task loop via Embassy.
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- On button press, a mode-specific timing profile is selected, and serving coffee and water for the correct duration starts.
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- On button press, a mode-specific timing profile is selected, and serving sugar with lemon acid and water for the correct duration starts.
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- The water sensor is polled continuously; if the tank is empty, dispensing is blocked and the display shows a warning.
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**Output Layer**
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- A 12V solenoid valve (normally closed) controls water flow from the tank to the cup, driven by an IRF540N MOSFET with a 100Ω gate resistor.
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- A servo motor (SG90) opens and closes a mechanical gate on the coffee powder container.
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- A 12V solenoid valve (normally closed) controls water flow from the tank to the cup, driven by an DL-4184 MOSFET module gate resistor.
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- A servo motor (SG90) opens and closes a mechanical gate on the sugar/acid powder container.
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- An SSD1306 OLED display (0.96", I2C) shows brewing status and warnings.
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All components share a common ground. The 12V rail powers the solenoid valve and is supplied by an external 12V 2A DC adapter. The ESP32-C6 is powered via USB.
@@ -49,15 +49,21 @@ Awaiting arrival of remaining components, added minor changes in the hardware by
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### Week 12 - 18 May
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Gathered all the hardware, proceed to create first prototypes. Replace the IRF-3205 for DL-4184 module due to not working transistor.
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### Week 19 - 25 May
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Changed SSD1306 screen for 1602A 5V. Made the shell of the machine.
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## Hardware
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The system is built around the ESP32-C6 SuperMini microcontroller, which manages all inputs and outputs over GPIO, PWM (LEDC), and I2C. Two food-grade plastic containers (1–2L) serve as the water and coffee powder tanks, each mounted above the dispensing point to allow gravity-fed flow.
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The system is built around the ESP32-C6 SuperMini microcontroller, which manages all inputs and outputs over GPIO, PWM (LEDC), and I2C. Two food-grade plastic containers (1–2L) serve as the water and lemonade powder tanks, each mounted above the dispensing point to allow gravity-fed flow.
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Water flow is controlled by a 12V normally-closed solenoid valve. When the ESP32-C6 pulls the MOSFET gate high, the valve opens and hot water flows through a silicone tube into the cup. The MOSFET (IRF540N) is connected with a 100Ω resistor on the gate to limit switching transients.
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Coffee powder is dispensed through a mechanical gate controlled by the SG90 servo. At rest, the gate is closed. When activated, the servo rotates 90° to open the gate, powder falls by gravity, and the servo returns to close it after the timed duration.
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Lemonade powder is dispensed through a mechanical gate controlled by the SG90 servo. At rest, the gate is closed. When activated, the servo rotates 90° to open the gate, powder falls by gravity, and the servo returns to close it after the timed duration.
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### Pin Connections
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@@ -66,17 +72,23 @@ Coffee powder is dispensed through a mechanical gate controlled by the SG90 serv
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