build: remove test and dev deps from docker image

[qued]

Removed the dependencies contained in test.txt, dev.txt, and constraints.txt from the things that get installed in the docker image. In order to keep testing the image (running the tests), I added a step to the docker-test make target to install test.txt and dev.txt. Thus we presumably get a smaller image (probably not much smaller), reduce the dependency chain or our images, and have less exposure to vulnerabilities while still testing as robustly as before.

Incidentally, I removed the Dockerfile for our ubuntu image, since it made reference to non-existent make targets, which tells me it's stale and wasn't being used.

Review:

• Reviewer should ensure the dev and test dependencies are not being installed in the docker image. One way to check is to check the logs in CI, and note, e.g. that this is the first reference to pytest in the docker build and test logs, after the image build is completed.
• Reviewer should ensure docker image is still being tested in CI and is passing.

[badGarnet]

also removed ubuntu-22 (which is out of date anyway but still good to document it)

[qued]

Agreed, done.