Custom HID Controller for Arduino Micro (ATmega32u4)

This project implements a custom USB HID controller using an Arduino Micro (ATmega32u4) with no external HID libraries required. The controller features:

• 🔘 Rotary Encoder
• 🖲️ 5 Push Buttons
• 🧲 Hall Sensor (for zero-position detection)
• 🌈 Controlled RGB Lighting
• 🔌 Bi-directional HID communication (IN/OUT reports)

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🔧 Features

Custom HID Protocol

• IN Report (Device → Host):

  • 2 bytes of general-purpose data
  • 2 bytes of button states (16 booleans)

• OUT Report (Host → Device):

  • 4 bytes of control data (e.g., RGB values, mode flags, etc.)

HID Descriptor

• Fully custom HID report descriptor using Vendor Defined Page (0xFF00)
• No use of HID-Project or HID-API libraries — low-level USB control via PluggableUSBModule

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🧩 Hardware

• Microcontroller: Arduino Micro / Leonardo (ATmega32u4)
• Inputs:
  • Rotary encoder (A/B)
  • 5 digital push buttons
  • Hall sensor (analog or digital input for zero detection)
• Outputs:
  • RGB LEDs

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📦 USB Reports

IN Report (to Host)

• Byte 0: General-purpose data (e.g., encoder delta)
• Byte 1: Additional status or reserved
• Byte 2-3: Button states (each bit = 1 button, 16 total)

OUT Report (from Host)

• Byte 0-3: Host-controlled data, such as:
  • LED brightness / color
  • Mode/state commands
  • Vibration or feedback flags

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🔌 Installation

1. Open the project in the Arduino IDE
2. Select Arduino Micro as the board
3. Upload the sketch
4. The device will appear as a HID-compliant device (not a serial port)

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💡 Usage Example

• Host software (e.g., game, simulator, or custom control panel) sends an OUT report to set LED color
• Controller sends IN reports with button states and encoder values
• Hall sensor detects when the encoder is in its "zero" or home position

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📁 Files

• HIDControllerV2.ino — Main Arduino sketch with setup() and loop()
• CustomHID class — Implements PluggableUSBModule with custom IN/OUT report handling
• HID descriptor embedded as a raw byte array

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💻 Host Communication

You can use any HID-capable host software or scripting language. For example, in Python:

import hid

dev = hid.device()
dev.open(vendor_id, product_id)
dev.write([0x00, r, g, b])  # Send RGB control
data = dev.read(4)          # Read encoder + buttons