nes.hexpat

#pragma author gmestanley
#pragma description Nintendo Entertainment System ROM
#pragma MIME application/x-nes-rom

import std.string;

enum MirroringType : u8 {
	Horizontal,
	Vertical
};

fn mirroring(u8 value) {
	MirroringType enumValue = value;
	return enumValue;
};

bitfield Flags {
	mirroring : 1 [[format("mirroring")]];
	ignoreMirroring : 1;
	trainerOf512Bytes : 1;
	batterybackedPRGRAM : 1;
	lowerMapperNybble : 4;
};

enum ConsoleType : u8 {
	Regular,
	VsSystem,
	PlayChoice10,
	ExtendedConsoleType
};

fn consoleType(u8 bits) {
	ConsoleType type = bits;
	return type;
};

fn nes2Format(u8 bits) {
	return std::string::to_string(bits == 2) + " (" + std::string::to_string(bits) + ")";
};

bitfield iNESFlags7 {
	consoleType : 2 [[format("consoleType")]];
	nes2Format : 2 [[format("nes2Format"), name("nes2.0Format")]];
	higherMapperNybble : 4;
};

enum OldTVSystemByte : u8 {
	NTSC,
	PAL
};

fn formatOldTVSystemByte(u8 value) {
	OldTVSystemByte enumValue = value;
	return value;
};

bitfield iNESFlags9 {
	tvSystem : 1 [[format("formatOldTVSystemByte")]];
	padding : 7;
};

fn formatDualTVSystem(u8 bits) {
	match (bits) {
		(0): return "NTSC";
		(2): return "PAL";
		(1 || 3): return "Dual Compatible";
	}
};

bitfield iNESFlags10 {
	dualTVSystem : 2 [[format("formatDualTVSystem")]];
	padding : 2;
	prgRAM : 1;
	busConflicts : 1;
};

bitfield MapperExtra {
	highestMapperNybble : 4;
	submapper : 4;
};

bitfield ROMSize {
	extraPRGROMSize : 4;
	extraCHRROMSize : 4;
};

bitfield PRGRAMSize {
	prgRAMShiftCount : 4;
	eepromShiftCount : 4 [[comment("EEPROM = Non-volatile PRG RAM, or NVPRGRAM")]];
};

bitfield CHRRAMSize {
	chrRAMSizeShiftCount : 4;
	chrNVRAMSizeShiftCount : 4;
};

enum TimingList : u8 {
	NTSC,
	PAL,
	MultiRegion,
	Dendy
};

fn Timing(u8 value) {
	TimingList enumValue = value;
	return enumValue;
};

bitfield Timing {
	processorTiming : 2 [[format("Timing")]];
	padding : 6;
};

bitfield VsSystemType {
	vsPPUType : 4;
	vsHardwareType: 4;
};

enum ExtendedConsoleType : ConsoleType {
	DecimalModeFamiclone = 3,
	PlugThrough,
	VT01,
	VT02,
	VT03,
	VT09,
	VT32,
	VT369,
	UM6578,
	FamicomNetworkSystem
};

fn formatExtendedConsoleType(u8 nybble) {
	ExtendedConsoleType type = nybble;
	return type;
};

bitfield ExtendedConsoleTypeByte {
	type : 4 [[format("formatExtendedConsoleType")]];
	padding : 4;
};

bitfield MiscellaneousROMsHeaderByte {
	numberOfMiscellaneousROMs : 2;
	padding : 6;
};

enum DefaultExpansionDeviceType : u8 {
	Unspecified,
	StandardControllers,
	FourScoreorSatellite,
	FamicomFourPlayersAdapter,
	VsSystem1P4016h,
	VsSystem1P4017h,
	MAMEPinballJapan,
	VsZapper,
	Zapper,
	TwoZappers,
	BandaiHyperShotLightgun,
	PowerPadSideA,
	PowerPadSideB,
	FamilyTrainerSideA,
	FamilyTrainerSideB,
	Multicart = 0x2A
};

fn formatDefaultExpansionDevice(u8 value) {
	DefaultExpansionDeviceType enumValue = value;
	return enumValue;
};

bitfield DefaultExpansionDevice {
	defaultExpansionDevice : 6 [[format("formatDefaultExpansionDevice")]];
};

struct NES2Attributes {
	MapperExtra mapperExtra;
	ROMSize romSize;
	PRGRAMSize prgRAMSize;
	CHRRAMSize chrRAMSize;
	Timing timing;
	if (parent.inesFlags7.consoleType == ConsoleType::VsSystem) {
		VsSystemType vsSystemType;
	}
	else if (parent.inesFlags7.consoleType == ConsoleType::ExtendedConsoleType) {
		ExtendedConsoleTypeByte extendedConsoleTypeByte;
	}
	else {
		padding[1];
	}
	MiscellaneousROMsHeaderByte miscellaneousROMs;
	DefaultExpansionDevice defaultExpansionDevice;
} [[inline]];

fn renderEOF(str string) {
	return "\"NES<EOF>\"";
};

u8 FILLED_NES2_FLAGS = 0b1100;
struct Header {
	char identifier[4] [[format("renderEOF")]];
	u8 prgROMSizeBy16KiBs;
	u8 chrROMSizeBy8KiBs;
	Flags flags;
	if ($[0x07] & FILLED_NES2_FLAGS != 0b100) {
		iNESFlags7 inesFlags7;
		if (inesFlags7.nes2Format)
			NES2Attributes nes2Attributes;
		else if ($[0x07] & FILLED_NES2_FLAGS == 0 && !std::mem::read_unsigned(0x0C, 4)) {
			u8 prgRAMSizeBy8KiBs;
			iNESFlags9 inesFlags9;
			iNESFlags10 inesFlags10;
		}
	}
};

Header header @ 0x00;

u8 FILLED_HIGHER_NYBBLE = 0b1111;
u8 SET_NES2_FLAGS = 0b1000;
u16 mapperValue = (0x0100 * ($[0x08] & FILLED_HIGHER_NYBBLE)) * ($[7] & FILLED_NES2_FLAGS == SET_NES2_FLAGS)
+ (0x10 * ($[0x07] >> 4)) * ($[0x07] & FILLED_NES2_FLAGS != 0b100)
+ header.flags.lowerMapperNybble;
fn identifyMapper(u16 mapperValue, u8 submapperValue) {
	str mapper;
	str submapper;
	str designation;
	match (mapperValue) {
		(0): mapper = "No mapper";
		(1): mapper = "Nintendo MMC1B";
		(2): mapper = "Nintendo UxROM";
		(3): mapper = "Nintendo CNROM-32";
		(4): mapper = "Nintendo MMC3";
		(5): mapper = "Nintendo MMC5";
		(6): mapper = "Front Fareast Magic Card 1/2M RAM Cartridge";
		(7): mapper = "Nintendo AxROM";
		(8): mapper = "Front Fareast Magic Card 1/2M RAM Cartridge [Initial latch-based banking mode 4]";
		(9): mapper = "Nintendo MMC2";
		(10): mapper = "Nintendo MMC4";
		(11): mapper = "Color Dreams";
		(12): mapper = "[See submapper]";
		(13): mapper = "Nintendo CPROM";
		(14): mapper = "SL-1632";
		(15): mapper = "K-102xx";
		(16): mapper = "Bandai FCG boards";
		(17): mapper = "Front Fareast Super Magic Card RAM cartridge";
		(18): mapper = "Jaleco SS88006";
		(19): mapper = "Namco 129/163";
		(20): mapper = "Famicom Disk System";
		(21): mapper = "Konami VRC4a/VRC4c";
		(22): mapper = "Konami VRC2a";
		(23): mapper = "Konami VRC4e or VRC2b + VRC4f";
		(24): mapper = "Konami VRC6a";
		(25): mapper = "Konami VRC4d or VRC2c + VRC4b";
		(26): mapper = "Konami VRC6b";
		(27): mapper = "World Hero";
		(28): mapper = "InfiniteNESLives Action 53";
		(29): mapper = "RET-CUFROM";
		(30): mapper = "Nintendo UNROM-512";
		(31): mapper = "NSF";
		(32): mapper = "G-101";
		(33): mapper = "Taito TC0190";
		(34): mapper = "[See submapper]";
		(35): mapper = "J.Y. Company ASIC [8KiB WRAM]";
		(36): mapper = "Micro Genius 01-22000-400";
		(37): mapper = "Nintendo SMB+Tetris+NWC";
		(38): mapper = "Bit Corp. Crime Busters";
			(39): mapper = "Study & Game 32-in-1 [DEPRECATED]";
		(40): mapper = "NTDEC 27xx";
		(41): mapper = "Caltron 6-in-1";
		(42): mapper = "FDS -> NES Hacks";
		(43): mapper = "TONY-I/YS-612";
		(44): mapper = "Super Big 7-in-1";
		(45): mapper = "GA23C"; //TC3294 according to NintendulatorNRS
		(46): mapper = "Lite Star Rumble Station";
		(47): mapper = "Nintendo Super Spike V'Ball + NWC";
		(48): mapper = "Taito TC0690";
		(49): mapper = "Super HIK 4-in-1";
		(50): mapper = "N-32 [Super Mario Bros. 2 (J)]";
		(51): mapper = "[See submapper]";
		(52): mapper = "Realtec 8213";
		(53): mapper = "Supervision 16-in-1";
			(54): mapper = "Novel Diamond 9999999-in-1 [DEPRECATED]";
		(55): mapper = "QFJxxxx";
		(56): mapper = "Kaiser KS202";
		(57): mapper = "GK";
		(58): mapper = "WQ";
		(59): mapper = "T3H53";
		(60): mapper = "Reset-based NROM-128 4-in-1";
		(61): mapper = "[See submapper]";
		(62): mapper = "Super 700-in-1";
		(63): mapper = "[See submapper]";
		(64): mapper = "Tengen RAMBO-1";
		(65): mapper = "Irem H3001";
		(66): mapper = "xxROM";
		(67): mapper = "Sunsoft-3";
		(68): mapper = "Sunsoft-4";
		(69): mapper = "Sunsoft FME-7/Sunsoft 5A/Sunsoft 5B";
		(70): mapper = "Family Trainer Mat";
		(71): mapper = "Camerica";
		(72): mapper = "Jaleco JF-17 [16 KiB PRG ROM]";
		(73): mapper = "Konami VRC3";
		(74): mapper = "Waixing 860908C";
		(75): mapper = "Konami VRC1";
		(76): mapper = "NAMCOT-3446";
		(77): mapper = "Napoleon Senki";
		(78): mapper = "74HC161/32";
		(79): mapper = "Tengen NINA-003/NINA-006";
		(80): mapper = "X1-005";
		(81): mapper = "N715021";
		(82): mapper = "X1-017";
		(83): mapper = "Cony & Yoko chip";
			(84): mapper = "PC-SMB2J [DEPRECATED]";
		(85): mapper = "Konami VRC7";
		(86): mapper = "Jaleco JF-13";
		(87): mapper = "Jaleco JF-87";
		(88): mapper = "Namco chip";
		(89): mapper = "Sunsoft 2.5";
		(90): mapper = "J.Y. Company ASIC [ROM nametables & extended mirroring]";
		(91): mapper = "J.Y. Company clone boards";
		(92): mapper = "Jaleco JF-17 [16 KiB PRG ROM]";
		(106): mapper = "Super Mario Bros. 3 bootleg";
		(115): mapper = "Kǎ Shèng SFC-0xx";
		(116): mapper = "Supertone SOMARI-P";
		(121): mapper = "Kǎ Shèng A971";
		(124): mapper = "Super Game Mega Type";
		(125): mapper = "Whirlwind Manu FDS -> NES";
		(126): mapper = "TEC9719";
		(127): mapper = "Double Dragon II - The Revenge (J) bootleg";
		(132): mapper = "TXC Corp. 05-00002-010";
		(163): mapper = "Nanjing FC-001";
		(164): mapper = "Dōngdá PEC-9588";
		(167): mapper = "Subor Educational Computer";
		(173): mapper = "C&E 05-00002-010";
		(183): mapper = "AX5208C";
		(187): mapper = "Kǎ Shèng A98402";
		(191): mapper = "Xianfeng Cartoon Dǔshén";
		(192): mapper = "Waixing FS308";
		(195): mapper = "Waixing FS303";
		(198): mapper = "Xianfeng Cartoon Tūnshí Tiāndì - Sānguó Wàizhuàn";
		(215): mapper = "Sugar Softec 8237";
		(219): mapper = "Kǎ Shèng A9461";
			(224): mapper = "Jncota KT-008 [DEPRECATED]";
		(225): mapper = "ET-4310";
		(240): mapper = "C&E board";
		(241): mapper = "BNROM with WRAM";
		(244): mapper = "C&E Decathlon";
		(252): mapper = "Waixing San Guo Zhi";
		(253): mapper = "Waixing Qi Long Zhu";

		(256): mapper = "V.R. Technology OneBus";
		(257): mapper = "Dōngdá PEC-586";
		(269): mapper = "Nice Code Games Xplosion 121-in-1";
		(270): mapper = "$412C Bankswitch";
		(281): mapper = "J.Y. Company YY8xxxxxC";
		(291): mapper = "Kǎ Shèng Mortal Kombat";
		(296): mapper = "V.R. Technology VT32";
		(355): mapper = "Jùjīng 3D-BLOCK";
		(383): mapper = "J.Y. Company YY840708C";
		(405): mapper = "UMC UM6578";
		(407): mapper = "Senario Win, Lose or Draw";
		(419): mapper = "Taikee TK-8007 MCU";
		(422): mapper = "ING-022";
		(423): mapper = "Lexibook Compact Cyber Arcade";
		(424): mapper = "Lexibook Retro TV Game Console";
		(425): mapper = "Cube Tech Handheld";
		(426): mapper = "V.R. Technology OneBus [Serial ROM in GPIO]";
		(427): mapper = "V.R. Technology OneBus [I²C chip in GPIO]";
		(432): mapper = "Realtec 8xxx";
		(433): mapper = "Realtec NC-20MB";
		(443): mapper = "Realtec NC3000M";
		(444): mapper = "Realtec NC7000M";

		(514): mapper = "Subor Karaoke";
		(518): mapper = "Subor SB-97";
		(523): mapper = "Jncota Fēngshénbǎng: Fúmó Sān Tàizǐ";
		(534): mapper = "Nice Code ING003C";
		(544): mapper = "Waixing FS306";
		(556): mapper = "J.Y. Company JY-215";
		(594): mapper = "Rinco FSG2";
		(595): mapper = "NES-4MROM-512";
		(600): mapper = "UMC UM6578 (ABL)";
		(601): mapper = "UMC UM6578 (JungleTac)";
		(602): mapper = "Subor SB-2000";
		(682): mapper = "Broke Studio Rainbow Mapper";
	}
	match (mapperValue) {
		(0): designation = "NROM";
		(1): designation = "SxROM";
		(4): {
			if (header.prgROMSizeBy16KiBs >= 8 && header.chrROMSizeBy8KiBs >= 16) {
				if (($[0x08] != 1 && ($[0x07] & FILLED_NES2_FLAGS == 0 && !std::mem::read_unsigned(0x0C, 4))) || 
				($[0x0A]&FILLED_HIGHER_NYBBLE!=7 && ($[0x07] & FILLED_NES2_FLAGS == SET_NES2_FLAGS)))
					designation = "TLROM [128~512 KiBs PRG ROM]";
				else {
					if (header.flags.batterybackedPRGRAM) designation = "TKROM [128~512 KiBs PRG ROM, 8 KiB PRG RAM]";
					else designation = "TSROM [128~512 KiBs PRG ROM, 8 KiB PRG RAM, no battery]";
				}
			}
			else if (header.prgROMSizeBy16KiBs == 4) designation = "TBROM [64 KiBs PRG ROM]";
			else designation = "TxROM";
		}
	}
	if (mapperValue == 3) {
		match (submapperValue) {
			(0): submapper = "Bus conflict";
			(1): submapper = "No bus conflicts";
			(2): submapper = "AND-type bus conflicts";
		}
	}
	else if (mapperValue == 12) {
		match (submapperValue) {
			(0): submapper = "Supertone SL-5020B";
			(1): submapper = "Front Fareast Magic Card 4M RAM Cartridge";
		}
	}
	else if (mapperValue == 16) {
		match (submapperValue) {
			(0): submapper = "Both Bandai FCG-1/2 and Bandai LZ93D50";
			(4): submapper = "Bandai FCG-1/2";
			(5): submapper = "Bandai LZ93D50";
		}
	}
	else if (mapperValue == 34) {
		match (submapperValue) {
			(0): submapper = "Tengen NINA-001/NINA-002";
			(1): submapper = "BNROM";
		}
	}
	else if (mapperValue == 40) {
		match (submapperValue) {
			(0): submapper = "NTDEC 2722";
			(1): submapper = "NTDEC 2752";
		}
	}
	else if (mapperValue == 51) {
		if (submapperValue == 1) submapper = "11-in-1 Ball Games";
	}
	else if (mapperValue == 61) {
		match (submapperValue) {
			(0): submapper = "NTDEC 0324";
			(1): submapper = "NTDEC BS-N032";
			(_): submapper = "GS-2017";
		}
	}
	else if (mapperValue == 63) {
		match (submapperValue) {
			(0): submapper = "NTDEC TH2xxx-x";
			(1): submapper = "82-in-1";
		}
	}
	else if (mapperValue == 256 || mapperValue == 407 || mapperValue == 419 || mapperValue == 425) {
		match (submapperValue) {
			(0): submapper = "Normal";
			(1): submapper = "Waixing VT03";
			(2): submapper = "Power Joy Supermax";
			(3): submapper = "Zechess";
			(4): submapper = "Qishenglong";
			(5): submapper = "Waixing VT02";
			(11): submapper = "Vibes";
			(12): submapper = "Cheertone";
			(13): submapper = "Taikee";
			(14): submapper = "Karaoto";
			(15): submapper = "JungleTac";
		}
		submapper += " protection scheme";
	}
	else if (mapperValue == 427) {
		match (submapperValue) {
			(1): submapper = "Lexibook Cyber Arcade Pocket";
		}
	}
	std::print("Mapper: " + mapper + " (" + std::string::to_string(mapperValue) + ")");
	if (submapper) std::print("Submapper: " + submapper + " (" + std::string::to_string(submapperValue) + ")");
	if (designation) std::print("Designation: " + designation);
};
identifyMapper(mapperValue, $[0x08] >> 4);

u8 trainer[512*header.flags.trainerOf512Bytes] @ 0x10;

enum CHRType : u8 {
	CHRROM,
	CHRRAM
};

fn chrType(u8 value) {
	CHRType enumValue = value;
	return enumValue;
};

fn chrSize(u8 value) {
	u24 actualSize;
	if (value == 4) actualSize = 262144;
	else actualSize = 8192 * header.chrROMSizeBy8KiBs;
	return std::string::to_string(value) + " (" + std::string::to_string(actualSize) + ")";
};

bitfield MemorySize {
	prgROMSizeBy16KiBs : 4;
	chrType : 1 [[format("chrType")]];
	chrSize : 3 [[format("chrSize")]];
};

enum ArrangementList : u8 {
	Horizontal,
	Vertical
};

fn arrangement(u8 value) {
	ArrangementList enumValue = value;
	return enumValue;
};

enum MapperList : u8 {
	NROM,
	CNROM,
	UNROM,
	GNROM,
	MMC
};

fn mapper(u8 value) {
	MapperList enumValue = value;
	return enumValue;
};

bitfield CartridgeType {
	nametableArrangement : 1 [[format("arrangement")]];
	mapper : 7 [[format("mapper")]];
};

enum EncodingType : u8 {
	None,
	ASCII,
	JIS
};

fn titleLength(u8 value) { return value+1; };

struct Footer {
	char title[16] [[hex::spec_name("Title Registration Area")]];
	u16 programChecksum;
	u16 characterChecksum;
	MemorySize memorySize [[hex::spec_name("Cartridge Memory Size")]];
	CartridgeType cartridgeType;
	EncodingType encodingType [[hex::spec_name("Registration Characters Type Distinction")]];
	u8 titleLength [[hex::spec_name("Registration Characters Count"), transform("titleLength")]];
	u8 licenseeID [[hex::spec_name("Maker Code")]];
	u8 complementaryChecksum [[hex::spec_name("Checksum for Character Checksum~Maker Code")]];
};

u16 INES_PRGROM_MINIMUM_SIZE = 16384;
u8 LOWER_TWO_DIGITS = 0b11;
u8 EXPONENT_MULTIPLIER_FLAG = 0x0F;
u32 fullPRGROMSize = (std::mem::size()-16-(4096*($[0x0E]&LOWER_TWO_DIGITS))) * ($[0x09] & FILLED_HIGHER_NYBBLE == EXPONENT_MULTIPLIER_FLAG)
+ (INES_PRGROM_MINIMUM_SIZE * (
(0x0100 * ($[0x09] & FILLED_HIGHER_NYBBLE)) * ($[0x07] & FILLED_NES2_FLAGS == SET_NES2_FLAGS)
+ header.prgROMSizeBy16KiBs)
) * ($[0x09] & FILLED_HIGHER_NYBBLE != EXPONENT_MULTIPLIER_FLAG);

bool debug in;
fn debugFxn() {
	if (debug) {
		std::print("Actual PRG-ROM size: " + std::string::to_string(fullPRGROMSize));
		std::print("PRG-ROM size by exponent-multiplier notation: " + std::string::to_string((std::mem::size()-16-(4096*($[0x0E]&LOWER_TWO_DIGITS))) * ($[0x09] & FILLED_HIGHER_NYBBLE == FILLED_HIGHER_NYBBLE)));
		std::print("PRG-ROM size in 16 KiBs: " + std::string::to_string((INES_PRGROM_MINIMUM_SIZE * ((0x0100 * ($[0x09] & FILLED_HIGHER_NYBBLE)) * ($[0x07] & FILLED_NES2_FLAGS == SET_NES2_FLAGS) + header.prgROMSizeBy16KiBs)) * ($[0x09] & FILLED_HIGHER_NYBBLE != FILLED_HIGHER_NYBBLE)));
	}
};
debugFxn();

fn hasFooter() {
	u8 sum;
	for (u8 i = 0, i < 8, i += 1) {
		sum += $[(fullPRGROMSize - 14) + i];
	}
	return !sum;
};

u8 FOOTER_SIZE = 26;
u8 VECTORS_SIZE = 6;

struct PRGROM {
	u8 data[fullPRGROMSize - FOOTER_SIZE * hasFooter() - VECTORS_SIZE];
	if (hasFooter())
		Footer footer;
	u16 nmi;
	u16 resetVector [[comment("Entry Point")]];
	u16 externalIRQ;
};
PRGROM prgROM @ 0x10 + sizeof(trainer);

u16 CHRROM_MINIMUM_SIZE = 8192;
u24 calculatedCHRROMSize = CHRROM_MINIMUM_SIZE * ((0x0100 * ($[0x09] >> 4)) * ($[0x07] & FILLED_NES2_FLAGS == SET_NES2_FLAGS) + header.chrROMSizeBy8KiBs);
u8 chrROM[calculatedCHRROMSize] @ addressof(prgROM) + fullPRGROMSize;

struct MiscellaneousROMs {
	if ($[0x07] & LOWER_TWO_DIGITS == ConsoleType::PlayChoice10) {
		u8 instructionsROM[8192] [[hex::spec_name("INST-ROM")]];
		u8 decryptionDataPROM[16];
		u8 decryptionCounterOutPROM[16];
	}
	else if ($[0x0D] == ExtendedConsoleType::VT369) {
		u8 embeddedROM[std::mem::size()-calculatedCHRROMSize-fullPRGROMSize-sizeof(trainer)-0x10];
	}
	else if (mapperValue == 355) {
		u8 antiCloningROM[1024];
	}
	else {
		u8 miscellaneousROM[256];
	}
};

MiscellaneousROMs miscellaneousROMs[$[0x0E] & LOWER_TWO_DIGITS > 0] @ addressof(prgROM) + fullPRGROMSize + calculatedCHRROMSize;