[3.14] pythongh-144295: Fix data race in dict method lookup and global load (pythongh-144312) (python#144346)

In `_Py_dict_lookup_threadsafe_stackref`, call `ensure_shared_on_read()` to
prevent a race between the lookup and concurrent dict resizes, which may free
the PyDictKeysObject (i.e., it ensures that the resize uses QSBR).

(cherry picked from commit e666a01)

Author: colesbury

Lib/test/test_free_threading/test_dict.py

@@ -245,5 +245,27 @@ def reader():
         with threading_helper.start_threads([t1, t2]):
             pass
 
+    def test_racing_dict_update_and_method_lookup(self):
+        # gh-144295: test race between dict modifications and method lookups.
+        # Uses BytesIO because the race requires a type without Py_TPFLAGS_INLINE_VALUES
+        # for the _PyDict_GetMethodStackRef code path.
+        import io
+        obj = io.BytesIO()
+
+        def writer():
+            for _ in range(10000):
+                obj.x = 1
+                del obj.x
+
+        def reader():
+            for _ in range(10000):
+                obj.getvalue()
+
+        t1 = Thread(target=writer)
+        t2 = Thread(target=reader)
+
+        with threading_helper.start_threads([t1, t2]):
+            pass
+
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main()

Objects/dictobject.c

@@ -1587,7 +1587,9 @@ _Py_dict_lookup_threadsafe(PyDictObject *mp, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t hash, PyOb
 Py_ssize_t
 _Py_dict_lookup_threadsafe_stackref(PyDictObject *mp, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t hash, _PyStackRef *value_addr)
 {
-    PyDictKeysObject *dk = _Py_atomic_load_ptr(&mp->ma_keys);
+    ensure_shared_on_read(mp);
+
+    PyDictKeysObject *dk = _Py_atomic_load_ptr_acquire(&mp->ma_keys);
     if (dk->dk_kind == DICT_KEYS_UNICODE && PyUnicode_CheckExact(key)) {
         Py_ssize_t ix = unicodekeys_lookup_unicode_threadsafe(dk, key, hash);
         if (ix == DKIX_EMPTY) {