21-Python 3.12 Docs

Author: abhinayjangde

21-Python 3.12 Docs/help.py

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+import os
+import sys

21-Python 3.12 Docs/new.py

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+songs = ['Take me back to Eden', 'Alkaline', 'Ascensionism']
+# print(f"This is the playlist: {", ".join(songs)}")
+# print(f"{list(range(1,11))}")
+name = "codebhaiya"
+print(f"{f"{f"{name}"}"}")

21-Python 3.12 Docs/op.py

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+# print(name="Abhi") # throws an error
+# print(name:="Abhi")
+# a, *b, c = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+# print(a)
+# print(b)
+# print(c)
+
+def greet(name,/, greeting="Hello"):
+    return f"{greeting}, {name}!"
+
+print(greet(name="Abhinay"))

21-Python 3.12 Docs/operators.md

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+
+## 1. Walrus Operator (:=)
+Introduced in Python 3.8, the walrus operator allows assignment expressions, enabling assignment and return of a value in a single expression. This is particularly useful in loops and comprehensions.
+```python
+# Not Allowed
+print(is_alive=False)
+# Allowed
+print(is_active:=True)
+```
+
+## 2. Matrix Multiplication Operator (@)
+Introduced in Python 3.5, the '@' operator is used for matrix multiplication, which is especially useful in numerical computing and machine learning applications.
+```python
+import numpy as np
+
+a = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
+b = np.array([[5, 6], [7, 8]])
+
+# Matrix multiplication
+c = a @ b
+print(c)
+```
+
+## 3. New String Formatting (f-strings)
+Introduced in Python 3.6, f-strings provide a way to embed expressions inside string literals, using curly braces '{}'.
+```python
+name = "Abhinay"
+age = 21
+print(f"My name is {name} and I am {age} years old.")
+```
+## 4. Enhanced Unpacking
+Python 3.5 introduced extended unpacking with the '*' operator to allow more flexible unpacking operations.
+```python
+a, *b, c = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+print(a)  # 1
+print(b)  # [2, 3, 4]
+print(c)  # 5
+```
+## 5. Positional-Only Parameters
+Introduced in Python 3.8, positional-only parameters are defined by adding a '/' in the function signature. These parameters can only be passed positionally, not as keyword arguments.
+```python
+def greet(name, /, greeting="Hello"):
+    return f"{greeting}, {name}!"
+
+print(greet("Abhinay"))  # Works
+# print(greet(name="Abhinay"))  # Raises TypeError
+```
+
+## 6. Keyword-Only Parameters
+Defined by adding '*' in the function signature, parameters following '*' can only be passed as keyword arguments.
+```python
+def greet(*, name, greeting="Hello"):
+    return f"{greeting}, {name}!"
+
+print(greet(name="Abhinay"))  # Works
+# print(greet("Abhinay"))  # Raises TypeError
+```
+These new operators and enhancements make Python more expressive and capable of handling various programming paradigms more efficiently.

21-Python 3.12 Docs/print_function.py

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+print("hello1","Hello Abhi", sep="#")
+print("hello2",end="\n")
+print("hello3",end="\n")
+print("hello4",end="\n")