Add specific prayer times for higher latitudes (48.5N, 48.5S)

[abougouffa]

The current method works on normal zones, for zones higher than 48.5N or 48.5S, there is no real night in some periods of the year, hence, the calculation of Fajr and Ishaa is not possible using the same criterions.

See Muneer, Tariq, The Islamic Prayer Times - Computational Philosophy with Particular Reference to the Lack of Twilight Cessation at Higher Latitudes

[abougouffa]

See also:
Aburrahman Alminsnid; The problem of computing the Isha and Fajr times in the extreme geographic locations and prayer times for Muslim astronauts (In Arabic: مشكلة تحديد وقتي العشاء والفجر في المناطق الجغرافية المتطرفة مكانيّاً ومواقيت الصلاة لرواد الفضاء المسلمين)

[abougouffa]

I found this one also, which seems to be the approach accepted by the World Muslim League.

The document is written in Arabic, entitled

محمد شوكت عودة، تقدير موعدي صلاة الفجر والعشاء عند اختفاء العلامات الفلكية في المنطقة ما بين خطي عرض 48.6° و66.6°

Translation: Mohamed Odeh, Estimating Fajer and Isha Times in Absence of Astronomical Signs in the Area Between Latitude 48.6 and 66.6

[abougouffa]

Another good candidate: Nidhal Guessoum, New Astronomical Method to Calculate Prayer and Fasting Times Whenever the Solar Sign Disappears: From Latitude 48.5 to the Pole (in Arabic: طريقة فلكية جديدة لحساب مواقيت الصلاة والصيام حيثما اختفت العلامة (الشمسية): من خط عرض 48.5 درجة الى القطب)

A lot of related references can be found on the website of the International Astronomy Center, and here.

[abougouffa]

Update

I implemented some alternative methods for high latitude places in the Emacs package Awqat.el, I will try to port them to Python asap. The Moonlighting Committee Worldwide method seems to be more adapted to these zones, other methods (Midnight, One-seventh of night, and 1/60th twilight angle) need to be activated manually during the abnormal period.