diff --git a/.github/codeql/codeql-config.yml b/.github/codeql/codeql-config.yml
index 7136e6e..53433e3 100644
--- a/.github/codeql/codeql-config.yml
+++ b/.github/codeql/codeql-config.yml
@@ -2,4 +2,5 @@ name: "CodeQL config"
 
 paths-ignore:
   - "node_modules"
-  - "examples"
\ No newline at end of file
+  - "examples"
+  - "tests"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test.yml b/.github/workflows/test.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..49ea0f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/test.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+name: Tests
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [master]
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [master]
+
+jobs:
+  test:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Setup Node.js
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+        with:
+          node-version: '20'
+          cache: 'npm'
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        run: npm ci
+
+      - name: Run unit tests
+        run: npm test
+
+      - name: Install Playwright browsers
+        run: npx playwright install --with-deps webkit
+
+      - name: Run E2E tests
+        run: npm run test:e2e
+
+      - name: Upload Playwright report
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        if: ${{ !cancelled() }}
+        with:
+          name: playwright-report
+          path: playwright-report/
+          retention-days: 30
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index f06235c..0be3857 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -1,2 +1,8 @@
 node_modules
 dist
+
+# Tests
+.last-run.json
+test-results/
+playwright-report/
+coverage/
diff --git a/package-lock.json b/package-lock.json
index 9c005b1..19ddd9f 100644
--- a/package-lock.json
+++ b/package-lock.json
@@ -13,11 +13,15 @@
       },
       "devDependencies": {
         "@eslint/js": "^9.39.1",
+        "@playwright/test": "^1.57.0",
         "@stylistic/eslint-plugin": "^5.6.1",
         "@three.ez/main": "^0.5.11",
         "@types/three": "^0.181.0",
+        "@vitest/coverage-v8": "^4.0.15",
         "eslint": "^9.39.1",
+        "happy-dom": "^20.0.11",
         "meshoptimizer": "^0.25.0",
+        "playwright": "^1.57.0",
         "simplex-noise": "^4.0.3",
         "three-hex-tiling": "^0.1.5",
         "typescript": "^5.9.3",
@@ -25,397 +29,70 @@
         "vite": "^7.2.6",
         "vite-plugin-externalize-deps": "^0.10.0",
         "vite-plugin-glsl": "^1.5.5",
-        "vite-plugin-static-copy": "^3.1.4"
+        "vite-plugin-static-copy": "^3.1.4",
+        "vitest": "^4.0.15"
       },
       "peerDependencies": {
         "three": ">=0.159.0"
       }
     },
-    "node_modules/@dimforge/rapier3d-compat": {
-      "version": "0.12.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@dimforge/rapier3d-compat/-/rapier3d-compat-0.12.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-uekIGetywIgopfD97oDL5PfeezkFpNhwlzlaEYNOA0N6ghdsOvh/HYjSMek5Q2O1PYvRSDFcqFVJl4r4ZBwOow==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "license": "Apache-2.0"
-    },
-    "node_modules/@esbuild/aix-ppc64": {
-      "version": "0.25.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/aix-ppc64/-/aix-ppc64-0.25.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-O7vun9Sf8DFjH2UtqK8Ku3LkquL9SZL8OLY1T5NZkA34+wG3OQF7cl4Ql8vdNzM6fzBbYfLaiRLIOZ+2FOCgBQ==",
-      "cpu": [
-        "ppc64"
-      ],
-      "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
-      "optional": true,
-      "os": [
-        "aix"
-      ],
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=18"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/@esbuild/android-arm": {
-      "version": "0.25.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/android-arm/-/android-arm-0.25.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-PTyWCYYiU0+1eJKmw21lWtC+d08JDZPQ5g+kFyxP0V+es6VPPSUhM6zk8iImp2jbV6GwjX4pap0JFbUQN65X1g==",
-      "cpu": [
-        "arm"
-      ],
-      "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
-      "optional": true,
-      "os": [
-        "android"
-      ],
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=18"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/@esbuild/android-arm64": {
-      "version": "0.25.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/android-arm64/-/android-arm64-0.25.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-grvv8WncGjDSyUBjN9yHXNt+cq0snxXbDxy5pJtzMKGmmpPxeAmAhWxXI+01lU5rwZomDgD3kJwulEnhTRUd6g==",
-      "cpu": [
-        "arm64"
-      ],
-      "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
-      "optional": true,
-      "os": [
-        "android"
-      ],
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=18"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/@esbuild/android-x64": {
-      "version": "0.25.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/android-x64/-/android-x64-0.25.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-m/ix7SfKG5buCnxasr52+LI78SQ+wgdENi9CqyCXwjVR2X4Jkz+BpC3le3AoBPYTC9NHklwngVXvbJ9/Akhrfg==",
-      "cpu": [
-        "x64"
-      ],
-      "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
-      "optional": true,
-      "os": [
-        "android"
-      ],
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=18"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/@esbuild/darwin-arm64": {
-      "version": "0.25.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/darwin-arm64/-/darwin-arm64-0.25.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-mVwdUb5SRkPayVadIOI78K7aAnPamoeFR2bT5nszFUZ9P8UpK4ratOdYbZZXYSqPKMHfS1wdHCJk1P1EZpRdvw==",
-      "cpu": [
-        "arm64"
-      ],
-      "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
-      "optional": true,
-      "os": [
-        "darwin"
-      ],
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=18"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/@esbuild/darwin-x64": {
-      "version": "0.25.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/darwin-x64/-/darwin-x64-0.25.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-DgDaYsPWFTS4S3nWpFcMn/33ZZwAAeAFKNHNa1QN0rI4pUjgqf0f7ONmXf6d22tqTY+H9FNdgeaAa+YIFUn2Rg==",
-      "cpu": [
-        "x64"
-      ],
-      "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
-      "optional": true,
-      "os": [
-        "darwin"
-      ],
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=18"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/@esbuild/freebsd-arm64": {
-      "version": "0.25.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/freebsd-arm64/-/freebsd-arm64-0.25.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-VN4ocxy6dxefN1MepBx/iD1dH5K8qNtNe227I0mnTRjry8tj5MRk4zprLEdG8WPyAPb93/e4pSgi1SoHdgOa4w==",
-      "cpu": [
-        "arm64"
-      ],
-      "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
-      "optional": true,
-      "os": [
-        "freebsd"
-      ],
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=18"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/@esbuild/freebsd-x64": {
-      "version": "0.25.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/freebsd-x64/-/freebsd-x64-0.25.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-mrSgt7lCh07FY+hDD1TxiTyIHyttn6vnjesnPoVDNmDfOmggTLXRv8Id5fNZey1gl/V2dyVK1VXXqVsQIiAk+A==",
-      "cpu": [
-        "x64"
-      ],
-      "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
-      "optional": true,
-      "os": [
-        "freebsd"
-      ],
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=18"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/@esbuild/linux-arm": {
-      "version": "0.25.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/linux-arm/-/linux-arm-0.25.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-vkB3IYj2IDo3g9xX7HqhPYxVkNQe8qTK55fraQyTzTX/fxaDtXiEnavv9geOsonh2Fd2RMB+i5cbhu2zMNWJwg==",
-      "cpu": [
-        "arm"
-      ],
-      "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
-      "optional": true,
-      "os": [
-        "linux"
-      ],
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=18"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/@esbuild/linux-arm64": {
-      "version": "0.25.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/linux-arm64/-/linux-arm64-0.25.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-9QAQjTWNDM/Vk2bgBl17yWuZxZNQIF0OUUuPZRKoDtqF2k4EtYbpyiG5/Dk7nqeK6kIJWPYldkOcBqjXjrUlmg==",
-      "cpu": [
-        "arm64"
-      ],
-      "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
-      "optional": true,
-      "os": [
-        "linux"
-      ],
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=18"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/@esbuild/linux-ia32": {
-      "version": "0.25.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/linux-ia32/-/linux-ia32-0.25.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-43ET5bHbphBegyeqLb7I1eYn2P/JYGNmzzdidq/w0T8E2SsYL1U6un2NFROFRg1JZLTzdCoRomg8Rvf9M6W6Gg==",
-      "cpu": [
-        "ia32"
-      ],
-      "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
-      "optional": true,
-      "os": [
-        "linux"
-      ],
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=18"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/@esbuild/linux-loong64": {
-      "version": "0.25.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/linux-loong64/-/linux-loong64-0.25.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-fC95c/xyNFueMhClxJmeRIj2yrSMdDfmqJnyOY4ZqsALkDrrKJfIg5NTMSzVBr5YW1jf+l7/cndBfP3MSDpoHw==",
-      "cpu": [
-        "loong64"
-      ],
-      "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
-      "optional": true,
-      "os": [
-        "linux"
-      ],
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=18"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/@esbuild/linux-mips64el": {
-      "version": "0.25.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/linux-mips64el/-/linux-mips64el-0.25.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-nkAMFju7KDW73T1DdH7glcyIptm95a7Le8irTQNO/qtkoyypZAnjchQgooFUDQhNAy4iu08N79W4T4pMBwhPwQ==",
-      "cpu": [
-        "mips64el"
-      ],
-      "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
-      "optional": true,
-      "os": [
-        "linux"
-      ],
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=18"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/@esbuild/linux-ppc64": {
-      "version": "0.25.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/linux-ppc64/-/linux-ppc64-0.25.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-NhyOejdhRGS8Iwv+KKR2zTq2PpysF9XqY+Zk77vQHqNbo/PwZCzB5/h7VGuREZm1fixhs4Q/qWRSi5zmAiO4Fw==",
-      "cpu": [
-        "ppc64"
-      ],
-      "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
-      "optional": true,
-      "os": [
-        "linux"
-      ],
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=18"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/@esbuild/linux-riscv64": {
-      "version": "0.25.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/linux-riscv64/-/linux-riscv64-0.25.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-5S/rbP5OY+GHLC5qXp1y/Mx//e92L1YDqkiBbO9TQOvuFXM+iDqUNG5XopAnXoRH3FjIUDkeGcY1cgNvnXp/kA==",
-      "cpu": [
-        "riscv64"
-      ],
-      "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
-      "optional": true,
-      "os": [
-        "linux"
-      ],
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=18"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/@esbuild/linux-s390x": {
-      "version": "0.25.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/linux-s390x/-/linux-s390x-0.25.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-XM2BFsEBz0Fw37V0zU4CXfcfuACMrppsMFKdYY2WuTS3yi8O1nFOhil/xhKTmE1nPmVyvQJjJivgDT+xh8pXJA==",
-      "cpu": [
-        "s390x"
-      ],
+    "node_modules/@babel/helper-string-parser": {
+      "version": "7.27.1",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
-      "optional": true,
-      "os": [
-        "linux"
-      ],
       "engines": {
-        "node": ">=18"
+        "node": ">=6.9.0"
       }
     },
-    "node_modules/@esbuild/linux-x64": {
-      "version": "0.25.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/linux-x64/-/linux-x64-0.25.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-9yl91rHw/cpwMCNytUDxwj2XjFpxML0y9HAOH9pNVQDpQrBxHy01Dx+vaMu0N1CKa/RzBD2hB4u//nfc+Sd3Cw==",
-      "cpu": [
-        "x64"
-      ],
+    "node_modules/@babel/helper-validator-identifier": {
+      "version": "7.28.5",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
-      "optional": true,
-      "os": [
-        "linux"
-      ],
       "engines": {
-        "node": ">=18"
+        "node": ">=6.9.0"
       }
     },
-    "node_modules/@esbuild/netbsd-arm64": {
-      "version": "0.25.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/netbsd-arm64/-/netbsd-arm64-0.25.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-RuG4PSMPFfrkH6UwCAqBzauBWTygTvb1nxWasEJooGSJ/NwRw7b2HOwyRTQIU97Hq37l3npXoZGYMy3b3xYvPw==",
-      "cpu": [
-        "arm64"
-      ],
+    "node_modules/@babel/parser": {
+      "version": "7.28.5",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
-      "optional": true,
-      "os": [
-        "netbsd"
-      ],
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=18"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/@esbuild/netbsd-x64": {
-      "version": "0.25.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/netbsd-x64/-/netbsd-x64-0.25.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-jl+qisSB5jk01N5f7sPCsBENCOlPiS/xptD5yxOx2oqQfyourJwIKLRA2yqWdifj3owQZCL2sn6o08dBzZGQzA==",
-      "cpu": [
-        "x64"
-      ],
-      "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
-      "optional": true,
-      "os": [
-        "netbsd"
-      ],
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@babel/types": "^7.28.5"
+      },
+      "bin": {
+        "parser": "bin/babel-parser.js"
+      },
       "engines": {
-        "node": ">=18"
+        "node": ">=6.0.0"
       }
     },
-    "node_modules/@esbuild/openbsd-arm64": {
-      "version": "0.25.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/openbsd-arm64/-/openbsd-arm64-0.25.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-21sUNbq2r84YE+SJDfaQRvdgznTD8Xc0oc3p3iW/a1EVWeNj/SdUCbm5U0itZPQYRuRTW20fPMWMpcrciH2EJw==",
-      "cpu": [
-        "arm64"
-      ],
+    "node_modules/@babel/types": {
+      "version": "7.28.5",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
-      "optional": true,
-      "os": [
-        "openbsd"
-      ],
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@babel/helper-string-parser": "^7.27.1",
+        "@babel/helper-validator-identifier": "^7.28.5"
+      },
       "engines": {
-        "node": ">=18"
+        "node": ">=6.9.0"
       }
     },
-    "node_modules/@esbuild/openbsd-x64": {
-      "version": "0.25.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/openbsd-x64/-/openbsd-x64-0.25.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-2gwwriSMPcCFRlPlKx3zLQhfN/2WjJ2NSlg5TKLQOJdV0mSxIcYNTMhk3H3ulL/cak+Xj0lY1Ym9ysDV1igceg==",
-      "cpu": [
-        "x64"
-      ],
+    "node_modules/@bcoe/v8-coverage": {
+      "version": "1.0.2",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
-      "optional": true,
-      "os": [
-        "openbsd"
-      ],
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=18"
       }
     },
-    "node_modules/@esbuild/sunos-x64": {
-      "version": "0.25.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/sunos-x64/-/sunos-x64-0.25.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-bxI7ThgLzPrPz484/S9jLlvUAHYMzy6I0XiU1ZMeAEOBcS0VePBFxh1JjTQt3Xiat5b6Oh4x7UC7IwKQKIJRIg==",
-      "cpu": [
-        "x64"
-      ],
+    "node_modules/@dimforge/rapier3d-compat": {
+      "version": "0.12.0",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
-      "optional": true,
-      "os": [
-        "sunos"
-      ],
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=18"
-      }
+      "license": "Apache-2.0"
     },
-    "node_modules/@esbuild/win32-arm64": {
+    "node_modules/@esbuild/darwin-arm64": {
       "version": "0.25.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/win32-arm64/-/win32-arm64-0.25.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-ZUAc2YK6JW89xTbXvftxdnYy3m4iHIkDtK3CLce8wg8M2L+YZhIvO1DKpxrd0Yr59AeNNkTiic9YLf6FTtXWMw==",
       "cpu": [
         "arm64"
       ],
@@ -423,41 +100,7 @@
       "license": "MIT",
       "optional": true,
       "os": [
-        "win32"
-      ],
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=18"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/@esbuild/win32-ia32": {
-      "version": "0.25.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/win32-ia32/-/win32-ia32-0.25.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-eSNxISBu8XweVEWG31/JzjkIGbGIJN/TrRoiSVZwZ6pkC6VX4Im/WV2cz559/TXLcYbcrDN8JtKgd9DJVIo8GA==",
-      "cpu": [
-        "ia32"
-      ],
-      "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
-      "optional": true,
-      "os": [
-        "win32"
-      ],
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=18"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/@esbuild/win32-x64": {
-      "version": "0.25.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/win32-x64/-/win32-x64-0.25.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-ZENoHJBxA20C2zFzh6AI4fT6RraMzjYw4xKWemRTRmRVtN9c5DcH9r/f2ihEkMjOW5eGgrwCslG/+Y/3bL+DHQ==",
-      "cpu": [
-        "x64"
-      ],
-      "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
-      "optional": true,
-      "os": [
-        "win32"
+        "darwin"
       ],
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=18"
@@ -468,7 +111,6 @@
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@eslint-community/eslint-utils/-/eslint-utils-4.9.0.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-ayVFHdtZ+hsq1t2Dy24wCmGXGe4q9Gu3smhLYALJrr473ZH27MsnSL+LKUlimp4BWJqMDMLmPpx/Q9R3OAlL4g==",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
         "eslint-visitor-keys": "^3.4.3"
       },
@@ -484,8 +126,6 @@
     },
     "node_modules/@eslint-community/eslint-utils/node_modules/eslint-visitor-keys": {
       "version": "3.4.3",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/eslint-visitor-keys/-/eslint-visitor-keys-3.4.3.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-wpc+LXeiyiisxPlEkUzU6svyS1frIO3Mgxj1fdy7Pm8Ygzguax2N3Fa/D/ag1WqbOprdI+uY6wMUl8/a2G+iag==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "Apache-2.0",
       "engines": {
@@ -497,8 +137,6 @@
     },
     "node_modules/@eslint-community/regexpp": {
       "version": "4.12.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@eslint-community/regexpp/-/regexpp-4.12.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-CCZCDJuduB9OUkFkY2IgppNZMi2lBQgD2qzwXkEia16cge2pijY/aXi96CJMquDMn3nJdlPV1A5KrJEXwfLNzQ==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "engines": {
@@ -510,7 +148,6 @@
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@eslint/config-array/-/config-array-0.21.1.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-aw1gNayWpdI/jSYVgzN5pL0cfzU02GT3NBpeT/DXbx1/1x7ZKxFPd9bwrzygx/qiwIQiJ1sw/zD8qY/kRvlGHA==",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "Apache-2.0",
       "dependencies": {
         "@eslint/object-schema": "^2.1.7",
         "debug": "^4.3.1",
@@ -525,7 +162,6 @@
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@eslint/config-helpers/-/config-helpers-0.4.2.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-gBrxN88gOIf3R7ja5K9slwNayVcZgK6SOUORm2uBzTeIEfeVaIhOpCtTox3P6R7o2jLFwLFTLnC7kU/RGcYEgw==",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "Apache-2.0",
       "dependencies": {
         "@eslint/core": "^0.17.0"
       },
@@ -538,7 +174,6 @@
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@eslint/core/-/core-0.17.0.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-yL/sLrpmtDaFEiUj1osRP4TI2MDz1AddJL+jZ7KSqvBuliN4xqYY54IfdN8qD8Toa6g1iloph1fxQNkjOxrrpQ==",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "Apache-2.0",
       "dependencies": {
         "@types/json-schema": "^7.0.15"
       },
@@ -548,8 +183,6 @@
     },
     "node_modules/@eslint/eslintrc": {
       "version": "3.3.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@eslint/eslintrc/-/eslintrc-3.3.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-gtF186CXhIl1p4pJNGZw8Yc6RlshoePRvE0X91oPGb3vZ8pM3qOS9W9NGPat9LziaBV7XrJWGylNQXkGcnM3IQ==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -575,7 +208,6 @@
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@eslint/js/-/js-9.39.1.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-S26Stp4zCy88tH94QbBv3XCuzRQiZ9yXofEILmglYTh/Ug/a9/umqvgFtYBAo3Lp0nsI/5/qH1CCrbdK3AP1Tw==",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
       "engines": {
         "node": "^18.18.0 || ^20.9.0 || >=21.1.0"
       },
@@ -588,7 +220,6 @@
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@eslint/object-schema/-/object-schema-2.1.7.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-VtAOaymWVfZcmZbp6E2mympDIHvyjXs/12LqWYjVw6qjrfF+VK+fyG33kChz3nnK+SU5/NeHOqrTEHS8sXO3OA==",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "Apache-2.0",
       "engines": {
         "node": "^18.18.0 || ^20.9.0 || >=21.1.0"
       }
@@ -598,7 +229,6 @@
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@eslint/plugin-kit/-/plugin-kit-0.4.1.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-43/qtrDUokr7LJqoF2c3+RInu/t4zfrpYdoSDfYyhg52rwLV6TnOvdG4fXm7IkSB3wErkcmJS9iEhjVtOSEjjA==",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "Apache-2.0",
       "dependencies": {
         "@eslint/core": "^0.17.0",
         "levn": "^0.4.1"
@@ -609,8 +239,6 @@
     },
     "node_modules/@humanfs/core": {
       "version": "0.19.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@humanfs/core/-/core-0.19.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-5DyQ4+1JEUzejeK1JGICcideyfUbGixgS9jNgex5nqkW+cY7WZhxBigmieN5Qnw9ZosSNVC9KQKyb+GUaGyKUA==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "Apache-2.0",
       "engines": {
@@ -619,8 +247,6 @@
     },
     "node_modules/@humanfs/node": {
       "version": "0.16.6",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@humanfs/node/-/node-0.16.6.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-YuI2ZHQL78Q5HbhDiBA1X4LmYdXCKCMQIfw0pw7piHJwyREFebJUvrQN4cMssyES6x+vfUbx1CIpaQUKYdQZOw==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "Apache-2.0",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -633,8 +259,6 @@
     },
     "node_modules/@humanfs/node/node_modules/@humanwhocodes/retry": {
       "version": "0.3.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@humanwhocodes/retry/-/retry-0.3.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-JBxkERygn7Bv/GbN5Rv8Ul6LVknS+5Bp6RgDC/O8gEBU/yeH5Ui5C/OlWrTb6qct7LjjfT6Re2NxB0ln0yYybA==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "Apache-2.0",
       "engines": {
@@ -647,8 +271,6 @@
     },
     "node_modules/@humanwhocodes/module-importer": {
       "version": "1.0.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@humanwhocodes/module-importer/-/module-importer-1.0.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-bxveV4V8v5Yb4ncFTT3rPSgZBOpCkjfK0y4oVVVJwIuDVBRMDXrPyXRL988i5ap9m9bnyEEjWfm5WkBmtffLfA==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "Apache-2.0",
       "engines": {
@@ -661,8 +283,6 @@
     },
     "node_modules/@humanwhocodes/retry": {
       "version": "0.4.2",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@humanwhocodes/retry/-/retry-0.4.2.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-xeO57FpIu4p1Ri3Jq/EXq4ClRm86dVF2z/+kvFnyqVYRavTZmaFaUBbWCOuuTh0o/g7DSsk6kc2vrS4Vl5oPOQ==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "Apache-2.0",
       "engines": {
@@ -673,10 +293,45 @@
         "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/nzakas"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/@jridgewell/resolve-uri": {
+      "version": "3.1.2",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=6.0.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@jridgewell/sourcemap-codec": {
+      "version": "1.5.5",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
+    "node_modules/@jridgewell/trace-mapping": {
+      "version": "0.3.31",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@jridgewell/resolve-uri": "^3.1.0",
+        "@jridgewell/sourcemap-codec": "^1.4.14"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@playwright/test": {
+      "version": "1.57.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@playwright/test/-/test-1.57.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-6TyEnHgd6SArQO8UO2OMTxshln3QMWBtPGrOCgs3wVEmQmwyuNtB10IZMfmYDE0riwNR1cu4q+pPcxMVtaG3TA==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "dependencies": {
+        "playwright": "1.57.0"
+      },
+      "bin": {
+        "playwright": "cli.js"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/@rollup/pluginutils": {
       "version": "5.1.4",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@rollup/pluginutils/-/pluginutils-5.1.4.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-USm05zrsFxYLPdWWq+K3STlWiT/3ELn3RcV5hJMghpeAIhxfsUIg6mt12CBJBInWMV4VneoV7SfGv8xIwo2qNQ==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "optional": true,
@@ -706,7 +361,6 @@
         "arm"
       ],
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
       "optional": true,
       "os": [
         "android"
@@ -720,7 +374,6 @@
         "arm64"
       ],
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
       "optional": true,
       "os": [
         "android"
@@ -734,7 +387,6 @@
         "arm64"
       ],
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
       "optional": true,
       "os": [
         "darwin"
@@ -748,7 +400,6 @@
         "x64"
       ],
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
       "optional": true,
       "os": [
         "darwin"
@@ -762,7 +413,6 @@
         "arm64"
       ],
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
       "optional": true,
       "os": [
         "freebsd"
@@ -776,7 +426,6 @@
         "x64"
       ],
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
       "optional": true,
       "os": [
         "freebsd"
@@ -790,7 +439,6 @@
         "arm"
       ],
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
       "optional": true,
       "os": [
         "linux"
@@ -804,7 +452,6 @@
         "arm"
       ],
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
       "optional": true,
       "os": [
         "linux"
@@ -818,7 +465,6 @@
         "arm64"
       ],
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
       "optional": true,
       "os": [
         "linux"
@@ -832,7 +478,6 @@
         "arm64"
       ],
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
       "optional": true,
       "os": [
         "linux"
@@ -846,7 +491,6 @@
         "loong64"
       ],
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
       "optional": true,
       "os": [
         "linux"
@@ -860,7 +504,6 @@
         "ppc64"
       ],
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
       "optional": true,
       "os": [
         "linux"
@@ -874,7 +517,6 @@
         "riscv64"
       ],
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
       "optional": true,
       "os": [
         "linux"
@@ -888,7 +530,6 @@
         "riscv64"
       ],
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
       "optional": true,
       "os": [
         "linux"
@@ -902,7 +543,6 @@
         "s390x"
       ],
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
       "optional": true,
       "os": [
         "linux"
@@ -916,7 +556,6 @@
         "x64"
       ],
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
       "optional": true,
       "os": [
         "linux"
@@ -930,7 +569,6 @@
         "x64"
       ],
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
       "optional": true,
       "os": [
         "linux"
@@ -944,7 +582,6 @@
         "arm64"
       ],
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
       "optional": true,
       "os": [
         "openharmony"
@@ -958,7 +595,6 @@
         "arm64"
       ],
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
       "optional": true,
       "os": [
         "win32"
@@ -972,7 +608,6 @@
         "ia32"
       ],
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
       "optional": true,
       "os": [
         "win32"
@@ -986,7 +621,6 @@
         "x64"
       ],
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
       "optional": true,
       "os": [
         "win32"
@@ -1000,18 +634,21 @@
         "x64"
       ],
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
       "optional": true,
       "os": [
         "win32"
       ]
     },
+    "node_modules/@standard-schema/spec": {
+      "version": "1.0.0",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
     "node_modules/@stylistic/eslint-plugin": {
       "version": "5.6.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@stylistic/eslint-plugin/-/eslint-plugin-5.6.1.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-JCs+MqoXfXrRPGbGmho/zGS/jMcn3ieKl/A8YImqib76C8kjgZwq5uUFzc30lJkMvcchuRn6/v8IApLxli3Jyw==",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
         "@eslint-community/eslint-utils": "^4.9.0",
         "@typescript-eslint/types": "^8.47.0",
@@ -1032,7 +669,6 @@
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@three.ez/asset-manager/-/asset-manager-0.0.1.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-29t73BMg9AsH7FIUyJZAP8PjticjK/t3g+NW1TV50vh1/LlVD2qKBQvbD5mGPYNi7QK4lH+xgukJXGNa6kfj0w==",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
       "peerDependencies": {
         "three": ">=0.159.0"
       }
@@ -1042,7 +678,6 @@
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@three.ez/main/-/main-0.5.11.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-aLOPLSTX3v9kPJgrD9NbmEdSAYdR2SssU3OXGChRo6q4eP188IOD61QHztjP922/r0oZ5W6c2chawyE1neLf6A==",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
         "@three.ez/asset-manager": "^0.0.1"
       },
@@ -1052,8 +687,20 @@
     },
     "node_modules/@tweenjs/tween.js": {
       "version": "23.1.3",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@tweenjs/tween.js/-/tween.js-23.1.3.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-vJmvvwFxYuGnF2axRtPYocag6Clbb5YS7kLL+SO/TeVFzHqDIWrNKYtcsPMibjDx9O+bu+psAy9NKfWklassUA==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
+    "node_modules/@types/chai": {
+      "version": "5.2.3",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@types/deep-eql": "*",
+        "assertion-error": "^2.0.1"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@types/deep-eql": {
+      "version": "4.0.2",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT"
     },
@@ -1061,20 +708,24 @@
       "version": "1.0.8",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/estree/-/estree-1.0.8.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-dWHzHa2WqEXI/O1E9OjrocMTKJl2mSrEolh1Iomrv6U+JuNwaHXsXx9bLu5gG7BUWFIN0skIQJQ/L1rIex4X6w==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT"
+      "dev": true
     },
     "node_modules/@types/json-schema": {
       "version": "7.0.15",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/json-schema/-/json-schema-7.0.15.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-5+fP8P8MFNC+AyZCDxrB2pkZFPGzqQWUzpSeuuVLvm8VMcorNYavBqoFcxK8bQz4Qsbn4oUEEem4wDLfcysGHA==",
+      "dev": true
+    },
+    "node_modules/@types/node": {
+      "version": "20.19.25",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT"
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "undici-types": "~6.21.0"
+      }
     },
     "node_modules/@types/stats.js": {
       "version": "0.17.3",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/stats.js/-/stats.js-0.17.3.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-pXNfAD3KHOdif9EQXZ9deK82HVNaXP5ZIF5RP2QG6OQFNTaY2YIetfrE9t528vEreGQvEPRDDc8muaoYeK0SxQ==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT"
     },
@@ -1083,7 +734,6 @@
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/three/-/three-0.181.0.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-MLF1ks8yRM2k71D7RprFpDb9DOX0p22DbdPqT/uAkc6AtQXjxWCVDjCy23G9t1o8HcQPk7woD2NIyiaWcWPYmA==",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
         "@dimforge/rapier3d-compat": "~0.12.0",
         "@tweenjs/tween.js": "~23.1.3",
@@ -1098,13 +748,15 @@
       "version": "0.22.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/meshoptimizer/-/meshoptimizer-0.22.0.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-IebiK79sqIy+E4EgOr+CAw+Ke8hAspXKzBd0JdgEmPHiAwmvEj2S4h1rfvo+o/BnfEYd/jAOg5IeeIjzlzSnDg==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT"
+      "dev": true
     },
     "node_modules/@types/webxr": {
       "version": "0.5.21",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/webxr/-/webxr-0.5.21.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-geZIAtLzjGmgY2JUi6VxXdCrTb99A7yP49lxLr2Nm/uIK0PkkxcEi4OGhoGDO4pxCf3JwGz2GiJL2Ej4K2bKaA==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
+    "node_modules/@types/whatwg-mimetype": {
+      "version": "3.0.2",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT"
     },
@@ -1113,7 +765,6 @@
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin/-/eslint-plugin-8.48.1.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-X63hI1bxl5ohelzr0LY5coufyl0LJNthld+abwxpCoo6Gq+hSqhKwci7MUWkXo67mzgUK6YFByhmaHmUcuBJmA==",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
         "@eslint-community/regexpp": "^4.10.0",
         "@typescript-eslint/scope-manager": "8.48.1",
@@ -1143,7 +794,6 @@
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ignore/-/ignore-7.0.5.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-Hs59xBNfUIunMFgWAbGX5cq6893IbWg4KnrjbYwX3tx0ztorVgTDA6B2sxf8ejHJ4wz8BqGUMYlnzNBer5NvGg==",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
       "engines": {
         "node": ">= 4"
       }
@@ -1153,7 +803,6 @@
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@typescript-eslint/parser/-/parser-8.48.1.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-PC0PDZfJg8sP7cmKe6L3QIL8GZwU5aRvUFedqSIpw3B+QjRSUZeeITC2M5XKeMXEzL6wccN196iy3JLwKNvDVA==",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
         "@typescript-eslint/scope-manager": "8.48.1",
         "@typescript-eslint/types": "8.48.1",
@@ -1178,7 +827,6 @@
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@typescript-eslint/project-service/-/project-service-8.48.1.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-HQWSicah4s9z2/HifRPQ6b6R7G+SBx64JlFQpgSSHWPKdvCZX57XCbszg/bapbRsOEv42q5tayTYcEFpACcX1w==",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
         "@typescript-eslint/tsconfig-utils": "^8.48.1",
         "@typescript-eslint/types": "^8.48.1",
@@ -1200,7 +848,6 @@
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@typescript-eslint/scope-manager/-/scope-manager-8.48.1.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-rj4vWQsytQbLxC5Bf4XwZ0/CKd362DkWMUkviT7DCS057SK64D5lH74sSGzhI6PDD2HCEq02xAP9cX68dYyg1w==",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
         "@typescript-eslint/types": "8.48.1",
         "@typescript-eslint/visitor-keys": "8.48.1"
@@ -1218,7 +865,6 @@
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@typescript-eslint/tsconfig-utils/-/tsconfig-utils-8.48.1.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-k0Jhs4CpEffIBm6wPaCXBAD7jxBtrHjrSgtfCjUvPp9AZ78lXKdTR8fxyZO5y4vWNlOvYXRtngSZNSn+H53Jkw==",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
       "engines": {
         "node": "^18.18.0 || ^20.9.0 || >=21.1.0"
       },
@@ -1235,7 +881,6 @@
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@typescript-eslint/type-utils/-/type-utils-8.48.1.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-1jEop81a3LrJQLTf/1VfPQdhIY4PlGDBc/i67EVWObrtvcziysbLN3oReexHOM6N3jyXgCrkBsZpqwH0hiDOQg==",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
         "@typescript-eslint/types": "8.48.1",
         "@typescript-eslint/typescript-estree": "8.48.1",
@@ -1260,7 +905,6 @@
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@typescript-eslint/types/-/types-8.48.1.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-+fZ3LZNeiELGmimrujsDCT4CRIbq5oXdHe7chLiW8qzqyPMnn1puNstCrMNVAqwcl2FdIxkuJ4tOs/RFDBVc/Q==",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
       "engines": {
         "node": "^18.18.0 || ^20.9.0 || >=21.1.0"
       },
@@ -1274,7 +918,6 @@
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@typescript-eslint/typescript-estree/-/typescript-estree-8.48.1.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-/9wQ4PqaefTK6POVTjJaYS0bynCgzh6ClJHGSBj06XEHjkfylzB+A3qvyaXnErEZSaxhIo4YdyBgq6j4RysxDg==",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
         "@typescript-eslint/project-service": "8.48.1",
         "@typescript-eslint/tsconfig-utils": "8.48.1",
@@ -1302,7 +945,6 @@
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/brace-expansion/-/brace-expansion-2.0.2.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-Jt0vHyM+jmUBqojB7E1NIYadt0vI0Qxjxd2TErW94wDz+E2LAm5vKMXXwg6ZZBTHPuUlDgQHKXvjGBdfcF1ZDQ==",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
         "balanced-match": "^1.0.0"
       }
@@ -1312,7 +954,6 @@
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/minimatch/-/minimatch-9.0.5.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-G6T0ZX48xgozx7587koeX9Ys2NYy6Gmv//P89sEte9V9whIapMNF4idKxnW2QtCcLiTWlb/wfCabAtAFWhhBow==",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "ISC",
       "dependencies": {
         "brace-expansion": "^2.0.1"
       },
@@ -1328,7 +969,6 @@
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@typescript-eslint/utils/-/utils-8.48.1.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-fAnhLrDjiVfey5wwFRwrweyRlCmdz5ZxXz2G/4cLn0YDLjTapmN4gcCsTBR1N2rWnZSDeWpYtgLDsJt+FpmcwA==",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
         "@eslint-community/eslint-utils": "^4.7.0",
         "@typescript-eslint/scope-manager": "8.48.1",
@@ -1347,28 +987,161 @@
         "typescript": ">=4.8.4 <6.0.0"
       }
     },
-    "node_modules/@typescript-eslint/visitor-keys": {
-      "version": "8.48.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@typescript-eslint/visitor-keys/-/visitor-keys-8.48.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-BmxxndzEWhE4TIEEMBs8lP3MBWN3jFPs/p6gPm/wkv02o41hI6cq9AuSmGAaTTHPtA1FTi2jBre4A9rm5ZmX+Q==",
+    "node_modules/@typescript-eslint/visitor-keys": {
+      "version": "8.48.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@typescript-eslint/visitor-keys/-/visitor-keys-8.48.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-BmxxndzEWhE4TIEEMBs8lP3MBWN3jFPs/p6gPm/wkv02o41hI6cq9AuSmGAaTTHPtA1FTi2jBre4A9rm5ZmX+Q==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@typescript-eslint/types": "8.48.1",
+        "eslint-visitor-keys": "^4.2.1"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": "^18.18.0 || ^20.9.0 || >=21.1.0"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "type": "opencollective",
+        "url": "https://opencollective.com/typescript-eslint"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@vitest/coverage-v8": {
+      "version": "4.0.15",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@vitest/coverage-v8/-/coverage-v8-4.0.15.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-FUJ+1RkpTFW7rQITdgTi93qOCWJobWhBirEPCeXh2SW2wsTlFxy51apDz5gzG+ZEYt/THvWeNmhdAoS9DTwpCw==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@bcoe/v8-coverage": "^1.0.2",
+        "@vitest/utils": "4.0.15",
+        "ast-v8-to-istanbul": "^0.3.8",
+        "istanbul-lib-coverage": "^3.2.2",
+        "istanbul-lib-report": "^3.0.1",
+        "istanbul-lib-source-maps": "^5.0.6",
+        "istanbul-reports": "^3.2.0",
+        "magicast": "^0.5.1",
+        "obug": "^2.1.1",
+        "std-env": "^3.10.0",
+        "tinyrainbow": "^3.0.3"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://opencollective.com/vitest"
+      },
+      "peerDependencies": {
+        "@vitest/browser": "4.0.15",
+        "vitest": "4.0.15"
+      },
+      "peerDependenciesMeta": {
+        "@vitest/browser": {
+          "optional": true
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@vitest/expect": {
+      "version": "4.0.15",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@standard-schema/spec": "^1.0.0",
+        "@types/chai": "^5.2.2",
+        "@vitest/spy": "4.0.15",
+        "@vitest/utils": "4.0.15",
+        "chai": "^6.2.1",
+        "tinyrainbow": "^3.0.3"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://opencollective.com/vitest"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@vitest/mocker": {
+      "version": "4.0.15",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@vitest/spy": "4.0.15",
+        "estree-walker": "^3.0.3",
+        "magic-string": "^0.30.21"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://opencollective.com/vitest"
+      },
+      "peerDependencies": {
+        "msw": "^2.4.9",
+        "vite": "^6.0.0 || ^7.0.0-0"
+      },
+      "peerDependenciesMeta": {
+        "msw": {
+          "optional": true
+        },
+        "vite": {
+          "optional": true
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@vitest/mocker/node_modules/estree-walker": {
+      "version": "3.0.3",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@types/estree": "^1.0.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@vitest/pretty-format": {
+      "version": "4.0.15",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "tinyrainbow": "^3.0.3"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://opencollective.com/vitest"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@vitest/runner": {
+      "version": "4.0.15",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@vitest/utils": "4.0.15",
+        "pathe": "^2.0.3"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://opencollective.com/vitest"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@vitest/snapshot": {
+      "version": "4.0.15",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@vitest/pretty-format": "4.0.15",
+        "magic-string": "^0.30.21",
+        "pathe": "^2.0.3"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://opencollective.com/vitest"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@vitest/spy": {
+      "version": "4.0.15",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://opencollective.com/vitest"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@vitest/utils": {
+      "version": "4.0.15",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
-        "@typescript-eslint/types": "8.48.1",
-        "eslint-visitor-keys": "^4.2.1"
-      },
-      "engines": {
-        "node": "^18.18.0 || ^20.9.0 || >=21.1.0"
+        "@vitest/pretty-format": "4.0.15",
+        "tinyrainbow": "^3.0.3"
       },
       "funding": {
-        "type": "opencollective",
-        "url": "https://opencollective.com/typescript-eslint"
+        "url": "https://opencollective.com/vitest"
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@webgpu/types": {
       "version": "0.1.54",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@webgpu/types/-/types-0.1.54.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-81oaalC8LFrXjhsczomEQ0u3jG+TqE6V9QHLA8GNZq/Rnot0KDugu3LhSYSlie8tSdooAN1Hov05asrUUp9qgg==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "BSD-3-Clause"
     },
@@ -1377,7 +1150,6 @@
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/acorn/-/acorn-8.15.0.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-NZyJarBfL7nWwIq+FDL6Zp/yHEhePMNnnJ0y3qfieCrmNvYct8uvtiV41UvlSe6apAfk0fY1FbWx+NwfmpvtTg==",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
       "bin": {
         "acorn": "bin/acorn"
       },
@@ -1387,8 +1159,6 @@
     },
     "node_modules/acorn-jsx": {
       "version": "5.3.2",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/acorn-jsx/-/acorn-jsx-5.3.2.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-rq9s+JNhf0IChjtDXxllJ7g41oZk5SlXtp0LHwyA5cejwn7vKmKp4pPri6YEePv2PU65sAsegbXtIinmDFDXgQ==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "peerDependencies": {
@@ -1397,8 +1167,6 @@
     },
     "node_modules/ajv": {
       "version": "6.12.6",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ajv/-/ajv-6.12.6.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-j3fVLgvTo527anyYyJOGTYJbG+vnnQYvE0m5mmkc1TK+nxAppkCLMIL0aZ4dblVCNoGShhm+kzE4ZUykBoMg4g==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -1414,8 +1182,6 @@
     },
     "node_modules/ansi-styles": {
       "version": "4.3.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ansi-styles/-/ansi-styles-4.3.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-zbB9rCJAT1rbjiVDb2hqKFHNYLxgtk8NURxZ3IZwD3F6NtxbXZQCnnSi1Lkx+IDohdPlFp222wVALIheZJQSEg==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -1430,8 +1196,6 @@
     },
     "node_modules/anymatch": {
       "version": "3.1.3",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/anymatch/-/anymatch-3.1.3.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-KMReFUr0B4t+D+OBkjR3KYqvocp2XaSzO55UcB6mgQMd3KbcE+mWTyvVV7D/zsdEbNnV6acZUutkiHQXvTr1Rw==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -1444,8 +1208,6 @@
     },
     "node_modules/anymatch/node_modules/picomatch": {
       "version": "2.3.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/picomatch/-/picomatch-2.3.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-JU3teHTNjmE2VCGFzuY8EXzCDVwEqB2a8fsIvwaStHhAWJEeVd1o1QD80CU6+ZdEXXSLbSsuLwJjkCBWqRQUVA==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "engines": {
@@ -1457,22 +1219,43 @@
     },
     "node_modules/argparse": {
       "version": "2.0.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/argparse/-/argparse-2.0.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-8+9WqebbFzpX9OR+Wa6O29asIogeRMzcGtAINdpMHHyAg10f05aSFVBbcEqGf/PXw1EjAZ+q2/bEBg3DvurK3Q==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "Python-2.0"
     },
+    "node_modules/assertion-error": {
+      "version": "2.0.1",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=12"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/ast-v8-to-istanbul": {
+      "version": "0.3.8",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@jridgewell/trace-mapping": "^0.3.31",
+        "estree-walker": "^3.0.3",
+        "js-tokens": "^9.0.1"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/ast-v8-to-istanbul/node_modules/estree-walker": {
+      "version": "3.0.3",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@types/estree": "^1.0.0"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/balanced-match": {
       "version": "1.0.2",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/balanced-match/-/balanced-match-1.0.2.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-3oSeUO0TMV67hN1AmbXsK4yaqU7tjiHlbxRDZOpH0KW9+CeX4bRAaX0Anxt0tx2MrpRpWwQaPwIlISEJhYU5Pw==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT"
+      "dev": true
     },
     "node_modules/binary-extensions": {
       "version": "2.3.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/binary-extensions/-/binary-extensions-2.3.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-Ceh+7ox5qe7LJuLHoY0feh3pHuUDHAcRUeyL2VYghZwfpkNIy/+8Ocg0a3UuSoYzavmylwuLWQOf3hl0jjMMIw==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "engines": {
@@ -1487,7 +1270,6 @@
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/brace-expansion/-/brace-expansion-1.1.12.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-9T9UjW3r0UW5c1Q7GTwllptXwhvYmEzFhzMfZ9H7FQWt+uZePjZPjBP/W1ZEyZ1twGWom5/56TF4lPcqjnDHcg==",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
         "balanced-match": "^1.0.0",
         "concat-map": "0.0.1"
@@ -1495,8 +1277,6 @@
     },
     "node_modules/braces": {
       "version": "3.0.3",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/braces/-/braces-3.0.3.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-yQbXgO/OSZVD2IsiLlro+7Hf6Q18EJrKSEsdoMzKePKXct3gvD8oLcOQdIzGupr5Fj+EDe8gO/lxc1BzfMpxvA==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -1508,24 +1288,26 @@
     },
     "node_modules/bvh.js": {
       "version": "0.0.13",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/bvh.js/-/bvh.js-0.0.13.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-7jVxKGyyATOwEoqFvghXoStJXkkmqf7JIXYEG44eMtMXQoeCwZL2n1z5/kZogFKvCaN7XweS2TKnqdyDrd0DJA==",
       "license": "MIT"
     },
     "node_modules/callsites": {
       "version": "3.1.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/callsites/-/callsites-3.1.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-P8BjAsXvZS+VIDUI11hHCQEv74YT67YUi5JJFNWIqL235sBmjX4+qx9Muvls5ivyNENctx46xQLQ3aTuE7ssaQ==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=6"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/chai": {
+      "version": "6.2.1",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/chalk": {
       "version": "4.1.2",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/chalk/-/chalk-4.1.2.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-oKnbhFyRIXpUuez8iBMmyEa4nbj4IOQyuhc/wy9kY7/WVPcwIO9VA668Pu8RkO7+0G76SLROeyw9CpQ061i4mA==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -1541,8 +1323,6 @@
     },
     "node_modules/chokidar": {
       "version": "3.6.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/chokidar/-/chokidar-3.6.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-7VT13fmjotKpGipCW9JEQAusEPE+Ei8nl6/g4FBAmIm0GOOLMua9NDDo/DWp0ZAxCr3cPq5ZpBqmPAQgDda2Pw==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -1566,8 +1346,6 @@
     },
     "node_modules/chokidar/node_modules/glob-parent": {
       "version": "5.1.2",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/glob-parent/-/glob-parent-5.1.2.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-AOIgSQCepiJYwP3ARnGx+5VnTu2HBYdzbGP45eLw1vr3zB3vZLeyed1sC9hnbcOc9/SrMyM5RPQrkGz4aS9Zow==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -1579,8 +1357,6 @@
     },
     "node_modules/color-convert": {
       "version": "2.0.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/color-convert/-/color-convert-2.0.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-RRECPsj7iu/xb5oKYcsFHSppFNnsj/52OVTRKb4zP5onXwVF3zVmmToNcOfGC+CRDpfK/U584fMg38ZHCaElKQ==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -1592,8 +1368,6 @@
     },
     "node_modules/color-name": {
       "version": "1.1.4",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/color-name/-/color-name-1.1.4.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-dOy+3AuW3a2wNbZHIuMZpTcgjGuLU/uBL/ubcZF9OXbDo8ff4O8yVp5Bf0efS8uEoYo5q4Fx7dY9OgQGXgAsQA==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT"
     },
@@ -1601,13 +1375,10 @@
       "version": "0.0.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/concat-map/-/concat-map-0.0.1.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-/Srv4dswyQNBfohGpz9o6Yb3Gz3SrUDqBH5rTuhGR7ahtlbYKnVxw2bCFMRljaA7EXHaXZ8wsHdodFvbkhKmqg==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT"
+      "dev": true
     },
     "node_modules/cross-spawn": {
       "version": "7.0.6",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/cross-spawn/-/cross-spawn-7.0.6.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-uV2QOWP2nWzsy2aMp8aRibhi9dlzF5Hgh5SHaB9OiTGEyDTiJJyx0uy51QXdyWbtAHNua4XJzUKca3OzKUd3vA==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -1621,8 +1392,6 @@
     },
     "node_modules/debug": {
       "version": "4.4.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/debug/-/debug-4.4.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-6WTZ/IxCY/T6BALoZHaE4ctp9xm+Z5kY/pzYaCHRFeyVhojxlrm+46y68HA6hr0TcwEssoxNiDEUJQjfPZ/RYA==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -1639,15 +1408,16 @@
     },
     "node_modules/deep-is": {
       "version": "0.1.4",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/deep-is/-/deep-is-0.1.4.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-oIPzksmTg4/MriiaYGO+okXDT7ztn/w3Eptv/+gSIdMdKsJo0u4CfYNFJPy+4SKMuCqGw2wxnA+URMg3t8a/bQ==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
+    "node_modules/es-module-lexer": {
+      "version": "1.7.0",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT"
     },
     "node_modules/esbuild": {
       "version": "0.25.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/esbuild/-/esbuild-0.25.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-BXq5mqc8ltbaN34cDqWuYKyNhX8D/Z0J1xdtdQ8UcIIIyJyz+ZMKUt58tF3SrZ85jcfN/PZYhjR5uDQAYNVbuw==",
       "dev": true,
       "hasInstallScript": true,
       "license": "MIT",
@@ -1687,8 +1457,6 @@
     },
     "node_modules/escape-string-regexp": {
       "version": "4.0.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/escape-string-regexp/-/escape-string-regexp-4.0.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-TtpcNJ3XAzx3Gq8sWRzJaVajRs0uVxA2YAkdb1jm2YkPz4G6egUFAyA3n5vtEIZefPk5Wa4UXbKuS5fKkJWdgA==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "engines": {
@@ -1703,7 +1471,6 @@
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/eslint/-/eslint-9.39.1.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-BhHmn2yNOFA9H9JmmIVKJmd288g9hrVRDkdoIgRCRuSySRUHH7r/DI6aAXW9T1WwUuY3DFgrcaqB+deURBLR5g==",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
         "@eslint-community/eslint-utils": "^4.8.0",
         "@eslint-community/regexpp": "^4.12.1",
@@ -1763,7 +1530,6 @@
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/eslint-scope/-/eslint-scope-8.4.0.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-sNXOfKCn74rt8RICKMvJS7XKV/Xk9kA7DyJr8mJik3S7Cwgy3qlkkmyS2uQB3jiJg6VNdZd/pDBJu0nvG2NlTg==",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "BSD-2-Clause",
       "dependencies": {
         "esrecurse": "^4.3.0",
         "estraverse": "^5.2.0"
@@ -1780,7 +1546,6 @@
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/eslint-visitor-keys/-/eslint-visitor-keys-4.2.1.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-Uhdk5sfqcee/9H/rCOJikYz67o0a2Tw2hGRPOG2Y1R2dg7brRe1uG0yaNQDHu+TO/uQPF/5eCapvYSmHUjt7JQ==",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "Apache-2.0",
       "engines": {
         "node": "^18.18.0 || ^20.9.0 || >=21.1.0"
       },
@@ -1793,7 +1558,6 @@
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/espree/-/espree-10.4.0.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-j6PAQ2uUr79PZhBjP5C5fhl8e39FmRnOjsD5lGnWrFU8i2G776tBK7+nP8KuQUTTyAZUwfQqXAgrVH5MbH9CYQ==",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "BSD-2-Clause",
       "dependencies": {
         "acorn": "^8.15.0",
         "acorn-jsx": "^5.3.2",
@@ -1808,8 +1572,6 @@
     },
     "node_modules/esquery": {
       "version": "1.6.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/esquery/-/esquery-1.6.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-ca9pw9fomFcKPvFLXhBKUK90ZvGibiGOvRJNbjljY7s7uq/5YO4BOzcYtJqExdx99rF6aAcnRxHmcUHcz6sQsg==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "BSD-3-Clause",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -1824,7 +1586,6 @@
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/esrecurse/-/esrecurse-4.3.0.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-KmfKL3b6G+RXvP8N1vr3Tq1kL/oCFgn2NYXEtqP8/L3pKapUA4G8cFVaoF3SU323CD4XypR/ffioHmkti6/Tag==",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "BSD-2-Clause",
       "dependencies": {
         "estraverse": "^5.2.0"
       },
@@ -1834,8 +1595,6 @@
     },
     "node_modules/estraverse": {
       "version": "5.3.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/estraverse/-/estraverse-5.3.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-MMdARuVEQziNTeJD8DgMqmhwR11BRQ/cBP+pLtYdSTnf3MIO8fFeiINEbX36ZdNlfU/7A9f3gUw49B3oQsvwBA==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "BSD-2-Clause",
       "engines": {
@@ -1844,8 +1603,6 @@
     },
     "node_modules/estree-walker": {
       "version": "2.0.2",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/estree-walker/-/estree-walker-2.0.2.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-Rfkk/Mp/DL7JVje3u18FxFujQlTNR2q6QfMSMB7AvCBx91NGj/ba3kCfza0f6dVDbw7YlRf/nDrn7pQrCCyQ/w==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "optional": true,
@@ -1853,39 +1610,37 @@
     },
     "node_modules/esutils": {
       "version": "2.0.3",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/esutils/-/esutils-2.0.3.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-kVscqXk4OCp68SZ0dkgEKVi6/8ij300KBWTJq32P/dYeWTSwK41WyTxalN1eRmA5Z9UU/LX9D7FWSmV9SAYx6g==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "BSD-2-Clause",
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=0.10.0"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/expect-type": {
+      "version": "1.2.2",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "Apache-2.0",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=12.0.0"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/fast-deep-equal": {
       "version": "3.1.3",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/fast-deep-equal/-/fast-deep-equal-3.1.3.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-f3qQ9oQy9j2AhBe/H9VC91wLmKBCCU/gDOnKNAYG5hswO7BLKj09Hc5HYNz9cGI++xlpDCIgDaitVs03ATR84Q==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT"
     },
     "node_modules/fast-json-stable-stringify": {
       "version": "2.1.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/fast-json-stable-stringify/-/fast-json-stable-stringify-2.1.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-lhd/wF+Lk98HZoTCtlVraHtfh5XYijIjalXck7saUtuanSDyLMxnHhSXEDJqHxD7msR8D0uCmqlkwjCV8xvwHw==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT"
     },
     "node_modules/fast-levenshtein": {
       "version": "2.0.6",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/fast-levenshtein/-/fast-levenshtein-2.0.6.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-DCXu6Ifhqcks7TZKY3Hxp3y6qphY5SJZmrWMDrKcERSOXWQdMhU9Ig/PYrzyw/ul9jOIyh0N4M0tbC5hodg8dw==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT"
     },
     "node_modules/fdir": {
       "version": "6.5.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/fdir/-/fdir-6.5.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-tIbYtZbucOs0BRGqPJkshJUYdL+SDH7dVM8gjy+ERp3WAUjLEFJE+02kanyHtwjWOnwrKYBiwAmM0p4kLJAnXg==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "engines": {
@@ -1902,15 +1657,11 @@
     },
     "node_modules/fflate": {
       "version": "0.8.2",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/fflate/-/fflate-0.8.2.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-cPJU47OaAoCbg0pBvzsgpTPhmhqI5eJjh/JIu8tPj5q+T7iLvW/JAYUqmE7KOB4R1ZyEhzBaIQpQpardBF5z8A==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT"
     },
     "node_modules/file-entry-cache": {
       "version": "8.0.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/file-entry-cache/-/file-entry-cache-8.0.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-XXTUwCvisa5oacNGRP9SfNtYBNAMi+RPwBFmblZEF7N7swHYQS6/Zfk7SRwx4D5j3CH211YNRco1DEMNVfZCnQ==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -1922,8 +1673,6 @@
     },
     "node_modules/fill-range": {
       "version": "7.1.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/fill-range/-/fill-range-7.1.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-YsGpe3WHLK8ZYi4tWDg2Jy3ebRz2rXowDxnld4bkQB00cc/1Zw9AWnC0i9ztDJitivtQvaI9KaLyKrc+hBW0yg==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -1935,8 +1684,6 @@
     },
     "node_modules/find-up": {
       "version": "5.0.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/find-up/-/find-up-5.0.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-78/PXT1wlLLDgTzDs7sjq9hzz0vXD+zn+7wypEe4fXQxCmdmqfGsEPQxmiCSQI3ajFV91bVSsvNtrJRiW6nGng==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -1952,8 +1699,6 @@
     },
     "node_modules/flat-cache": {
       "version": "4.0.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/flat-cache/-/flat-cache-4.0.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-f7ccFPK3SXFHpx15UIGyRJ/FJQctuKZ0zVuN3frBo4HnK3cay9VEW0R6yPYFHC0AgqhukPzKjq22t5DmAyqGyw==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -1966,17 +1711,12 @@
     },
     "node_modules/flatted": {
       "version": "3.3.3",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/flatted/-/flatted-3.3.3.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-GX+ysw4PBCz0PzosHDepZGANEuFCMLrnRTiEy9McGjmkCQYwRq4A/X786G/fjM/+OjsWSU1ZrY5qyARZmO/uwg==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "ISC"
     },
     "node_modules/fsevents": {
       "version": "2.3.3",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/fsevents/-/fsevents-2.3.3.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-5xoDfX+fL7faATnagmWPpbFtwh/R77WmMMqqHGS65C3vvB0YHrgF+B1YmZ3441tMj5n63k0212XNoJwzlhffQw==",
       "dev": true,
-      "hasInstallScript": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "optional": true,
       "os": [
@@ -1988,8 +1728,6 @@
     },
     "node_modules/glob-parent": {
       "version": "6.0.2",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/glob-parent/-/glob-parent-6.0.2.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-XxwI8EOhVQgWp6iDL+3b0r86f4d6AX6zSU55HfB4ydCEuXLXc5FcYeOu+nnGftS4TEju/11rt4KJPTMgbfmv4A==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -2001,8 +1739,6 @@
     },
     "node_modules/globals": {
       "version": "14.0.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/globals/-/globals-14.0.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-oahGvuMGQlPw/ivIYBjVSrWAfWLBeku5tpPE2fOPLi+WHffIWbuh2tCjhyQhTBPMf5E9jDEH4FOmTYgYwbKwtQ==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "engines": {
@@ -2016,23 +1752,37 @@
       "version": "1.4.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/graphemer/-/graphemer-1.4.0.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-EtKwoO6kxCL9WO5xipiHTZlSzBm7WLT627TqC/uVRd0HKmq8NXyebnNYxDoBi7wt8eTWrUrKXCOVaFq9x1kgag==",
+      "dev": true
+    },
+    "node_modules/happy-dom": {
+      "version": "20.0.11",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/happy-dom/-/happy-dom-20.0.11.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-QsCdAUHAmiDeKeaNojb1OHOPF7NjcWPBR7obdu3NwH2a/oyQaLg5d0aaCy/9My6CdPChYF07dvz5chaXBGaD4g==",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT"
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@types/node": "^20.0.0",
+        "@types/whatwg-mimetype": "^3.0.2",
+        "whatwg-mimetype": "^3.0.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=20.0.0"
+      }
     },
     "node_modules/has-flag": {
       "version": "4.0.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/has-flag/-/has-flag-4.0.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-EykJT/Q1KjTWctppgIAgfSO0tKVuZUjhgMr17kqTumMl6Afv3EISleU7qZUzoXDFTAHTDC4NOoG/ZxU3EvlMPQ==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=8"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/html-escaper": {
+      "version": "2.0.2",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
     "node_modules/ignore": {
       "version": "5.3.2",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ignore/-/ignore-5.3.2.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-hsBTNUqQTDwkWtcdYI2i06Y/nUBEsNEDJKjWdigLvegy8kDuJAS8uRlpkkcQpyEXL0Z/pjDy5HBmMjRCJ2gq+g==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "engines": {
@@ -2041,8 +1791,6 @@
     },
     "node_modules/import-fresh": {
       "version": "3.3.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/import-fresh/-/import-fresh-3.3.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-TR3KfrTZTYLPB6jUjfx6MF9WcWrHL9su5TObK4ZkYgBdWKPOFoSoQIdEuTuR82pmtxH2spWG9h6etwfr1pLBqQ==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -2058,8 +1806,6 @@
     },
     "node_modules/imurmurhash": {
       "version": "0.1.4",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/imurmurhash/-/imurmurhash-0.1.4.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-JmXMZ6wuvDmLiHEml9ykzqO6lwFbof0GG4IkcGaENdCRDDmMVnny7s5HsIgHCbaq0w2MyPhDqkhTUgS2LU2PHA==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "engines": {
@@ -2068,8 +1814,6 @@
     },
     "node_modules/is-binary-path": {
       "version": "2.1.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/is-binary-path/-/is-binary-path-2.1.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-ZMERYes6pDydyuGidse7OsHxtbI7WVeUEozgR/g7rd0xUimYNlvZRE/K2MgZTjWy725IfelLeVcEM97mmtRGXw==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -2081,8 +1825,6 @@
     },
     "node_modules/is-extglob": {
       "version": "2.1.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/is-extglob/-/is-extglob-2.1.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-SbKbANkN603Vi4jEZv49LeVJMn4yGwsbzZworEoyEiutsN3nJYdbO36zfhGJ6QEDpOZIFkDtnq5JRxmvl3jsoQ==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "engines": {
@@ -2091,8 +1833,6 @@
     },
     "node_modules/is-glob": {
       "version": "4.0.3",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/is-glob/-/is-glob-4.0.3.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-xelSayHH36ZgE7ZWhli7pW34hNbNl8Ojv5KVmkJD4hBdD3th8Tfk9vYasLM+mXWOZhFkgZfxhLSnrwRr4elSSg==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -2104,8 +1844,6 @@
     },
     "node_modules/is-number": {
       "version": "7.0.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/is-number/-/is-number-7.0.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-41Cifkg6e8TylSpdtTpeLVMqvSBEVzTttHvERD741+pnZ8ANv0004MRL43QKPDlK9cGvNp6NZWZUBlbGXYxxng==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "engines": {
@@ -2114,15 +1852,62 @@
     },
     "node_modules/isexe": {
       "version": "2.0.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/isexe/-/isexe-2.0.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-RHxMLp9lnKHGHRng9QFhRCMbYAcVpn69smSGcq3f36xjgVVWThj4qqLbTLlq7Ssj8B+fIQ1EuCEGI2lKsyQeIw==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "ISC"
     },
+    "node_modules/istanbul-lib-coverage": {
+      "version": "3.2.2",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "BSD-3-Clause",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=8"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/istanbul-lib-report": {
+      "version": "3.0.1",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "BSD-3-Clause",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "istanbul-lib-coverage": "^3.0.0",
+        "make-dir": "^4.0.0",
+        "supports-color": "^7.1.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=10"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/istanbul-lib-source-maps": {
+      "version": "5.0.6",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "BSD-3-Clause",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@jridgewell/trace-mapping": "^0.3.23",
+        "debug": "^4.1.1",
+        "istanbul-lib-coverage": "^3.0.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=10"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/istanbul-reports": {
+      "version": "3.2.0",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "BSD-3-Clause",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "html-escaper": "^2.0.0",
+        "istanbul-lib-report": "^3.0.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=8"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/js-tokens": {
+      "version": "9.0.1",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
     "node_modules/js-yaml": {
       "version": "4.1.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/js-yaml/-/js-yaml-4.1.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-wpxZs9NoxZaJESJGIZTyDEaYpl0FKSA+FB9aJiyemKhMwkxQg63h4T1KJgUGHpTqPDNRcmmYLugrRjJlBtWvRA==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -2134,29 +1919,21 @@
     },
     "node_modules/json-buffer": {
       "version": "3.0.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/json-buffer/-/json-buffer-3.0.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-4bV5BfR2mqfQTJm+V5tPPdf+ZpuhiIvTuAB5g8kcrXOZpTT/QwwVRWBywX1ozr6lEuPdbHxwaJlm9G6mI2sfSQ==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT"
     },
     "node_modules/json-schema-traverse": {
       "version": "0.4.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/json-schema-traverse/-/json-schema-traverse-0.4.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-xbbCH5dCYU5T8LcEhhuh7HJ88HXuW3qsI3Y0zOZFKfZEHcpWiHU/Jxzk629Brsab/mMiHQti9wMP+845RPe3Vg==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT"
     },
     "node_modules/json-stable-stringify-without-jsonify": {
       "version": "1.0.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/json-stable-stringify-without-jsonify/-/json-stable-stringify-without-jsonify-1.0.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-Bdboy+l7tA3OGW6FjyFHWkP5LuByj1Tk33Ljyq0axyzdk9//JSi2u3fP1QSmd1KNwq6VOKYGlAu87CisVir6Pw==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT"
     },
     "node_modules/keyv": {
       "version": "4.5.4",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/keyv/-/keyv-4.5.4.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-oxVHkHR/EJf2CNXnWxRLW6mg7JyCCUcG0DtEGmL2ctUo1PNTin1PUil+r/+4r5MpVgC/fn1kjsx7mjSujKqIpw==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -2165,8 +1942,6 @@
     },
     "node_modules/levn": {
       "version": "0.4.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/levn/-/levn-0.4.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-+bT2uH4E5LGE7h/n3evcS/sQlJXCpIp6ym8OWJ5eV6+67Dsql/LaaT7qJBAt2rzfoa/5QBGBhxDix1dMt2kQKQ==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -2179,8 +1954,6 @@
     },
     "node_modules/locate-path": {
       "version": "6.0.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/locate-path/-/locate-path-6.0.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-iPZK6eYjbxRu3uB4/WZ3EsEIMJFMqAoopl3R+zuq0UjcAm/MO6KCweDgPfP3elTztoKP3KtnVHxTn2NHBSDVUw==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -2195,24 +1968,52 @@
     },
     "node_modules/lodash.merge": {
       "version": "4.6.2",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/lodash.merge/-/lodash.merge-4.6.2.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-0KpjqXRVvrYyCsX1swR/XTK0va6VQkQM6MNo7PqW77ByjAhoARA8EfrP1N4+KlKj8YS0ZUCtRT/YUuhyYDujIQ==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT"
     },
+    "node_modules/magic-string": {
+      "version": "0.30.21",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@jridgewell/sourcemap-codec": "^1.5.5"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/magicast": {
+      "version": "0.5.1",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@babel/parser": "^7.28.5",
+        "@babel/types": "^7.28.5",
+        "source-map-js": "^1.2.1"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/make-dir": {
+      "version": "4.0.0",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "semver": "^7.5.3"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=10"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/sindresorhus"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/meshoptimizer": {
       "version": "0.25.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/meshoptimizer/-/meshoptimizer-0.25.0.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-ewwuAo3ujPZ7T3Y2oTkEoLlXvNOqnr0cjyAxfv5djXJqwD9QlxDDO0qGtsqB4Z9QUVvhruKXg9q/xfK9I5S1xQ==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT"
+      "dev": true
     },
     "node_modules/minimatch": {
       "version": "3.1.2",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/minimatch/-/minimatch-3.1.2.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-J7p63hRiAjw1NDEww1W7i37+ByIrOWO5XQQAzZ3VOcL0PNybwpfmV/N05zFAzwQ9USyEcX6t3UO+K5aqBQOIHw==",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "ISC",
       "dependencies": {
         "brace-expansion": "^1.1.7"
       },
@@ -2222,8 +2023,6 @@
     },
     "node_modules/ms": {
       "version": "2.1.3",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ms/-/ms-2.1.3.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-6FlzubTLZG3J2a/NVCAleEhjzq5oxgHyaCU9yYXvcLsvoVaHJq/s5xXI6/XXP6tz7R9xAOtHnSO/tXtF3WRTlA==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT"
     },
@@ -2238,7 +2037,6 @@
           "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/ai"
         }
       ],
-      "license": "MIT",
       "bin": {
         "nanoid": "bin/nanoid.cjs"
       },
@@ -2248,25 +2046,28 @@
     },
     "node_modules/natural-compare": {
       "version": "1.4.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/natural-compare/-/natural-compare-1.4.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-OWND8ei3VtNC9h7V60qff3SVobHr996CTwgxubgyQYEpg290h9J0buyECNNJexkFm5sOajh5G116RYA1c8ZMSw==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT"
     },
     "node_modules/normalize-path": {
       "version": "3.0.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/normalize-path/-/normalize-path-3.0.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-6eZs5Ls3WtCisHWp9S2GUy8dqkpGi4BVSz3GaqiE6ezub0512ESztXUwUB6C6IKbQkY2Pnb/mD4WYojCRwcwLA==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=0.10.0"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/obug": {
+      "version": "2.1.1",
+      "dev": true,
+      "funding": [
+        "https://github.com/sponsors/sxzz",
+        "https://opencollective.com/debug"
+      ],
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
     "node_modules/optionator": {
       "version": "0.9.4",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/optionator/-/optionator-0.9.4.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-6IpQ7mKUxRcZNLIObR0hz7lxsapSSIYNZJwXPGeF0mTVqGKFIXj1DQcMoT22S3ROcLyY/rz0PWaWZ9ayWmad9g==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -2283,8 +2084,6 @@
     },
     "node_modules/p-limit": {
       "version": "3.1.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/p-limit/-/p-limit-3.1.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-TYOanM3wGwNGsZN2cVTYPArw454xnXj5qmWF1bEoAc4+cU/ol7GVh7odevjp1FNHduHc3KZMcFduxU5Xc6uJRQ==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -2299,8 +2098,6 @@
     },
     "node_modules/p-locate": {
       "version": "5.0.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/p-locate/-/p-locate-5.0.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-LaNjtRWUBY++zB5nE/NwcaoMylSPk+S+ZHNB1TzdbMJMny6dynpAGt7X/tl/QYq3TIeE6nxHppbo2LGymrG5Pw==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -2315,8 +2112,6 @@
     },
     "node_modules/p-map": {
       "version": "7.0.3",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/p-map/-/p-map-7.0.3.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-VkndIv2fIB99swvQoA65bm+fsmt6UNdGeIB0oxBs+WhAhdh08QA04JXpI7rbB9r08/nkbysKoya9rtDERYOYMA==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "engines": {
@@ -2328,8 +2123,6 @@
     },
     "node_modules/parent-module": {
       "version": "1.0.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/parent-module/-/parent-module-1.0.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-GQ2EWRpQV8/o+Aw8YqtfZZPfNRWZYkbidE9k5rpl/hC3vtHHBfGm2Ifi6qWV+coDGkrUKZAxE3Lot5kcsRlh+g==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -2341,8 +2134,6 @@
     },
     "node_modules/path-exists": {
       "version": "4.0.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/path-exists/-/path-exists-4.0.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-ak9Qy5Q7jYb2Wwcey5Fpvg2KoAc/ZIhLSLOSBmRmygPsGwkVVt0fZa0qrtMz+m6tJTAHfZQ8FnmB4MG4LWy7/w==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "engines": {
@@ -2351,25 +2142,24 @@
     },
     "node_modules/path-key": {
       "version": "3.1.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/path-key/-/path-key-3.1.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-ojmeN0qd+y0jszEtoY48r0Peq5dwMEkIlCOu6Q5f41lfkswXuKtYrhgoTpLnyIcHm24Uhqx+5Tqm2InSwLhE6Q==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=8"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/pathe": {
+      "version": "2.0.3",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
     "node_modules/picocolors": {
       "version": "1.1.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/picocolors/-/picocolors-1.1.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-xceH2snhtb5M9liqDsmEw56le376mTZkEX/jEb/RxNFyegNul7eNslCXP9FDj/Lcu0X8KEyMceP2ntpaHrDEVA==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "ISC"
     },
     "node_modules/picomatch": {
       "version": "4.0.3",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/picomatch/-/picomatch-4.0.3.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-5gTmgEY/sqK6gFXLIsQNH19lWb4ebPDLA4SdLP7dsWkIXHWlG66oPuVvXSGFPppYZz8ZDZq0dYYrbHfBCVUb1Q==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "engines": {
@@ -2379,6 +2169,49 @@
         "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/jonschlinkert"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/playwright": {
+      "version": "1.57.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/playwright/-/playwright-1.57.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-ilYQj1s8sr2ppEJ2YVadYBN0Mb3mdo9J0wQ+UuDhzYqURwSoW4n1Xs5vs7ORwgDGmyEh33tRMeS8KhdkMoLXQw==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "dependencies": {
+        "playwright-core": "1.57.0"
+      },
+      "bin": {
+        "playwright": "cli.js"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18"
+      },
+      "optionalDependencies": {
+        "fsevents": "2.3.2"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/playwright-core": {
+      "version": "1.57.0",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "Apache-2.0",
+      "bin": {
+        "playwright-core": "cli.js"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/playwright/node_modules/fsevents": {
+      "version": "2.3.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/fsevents/-/fsevents-2.3.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-xiqMQR4xAeHTuB9uWm+fFRcIOgKBMiOBP+eXiyT7jsgVCq1bkVygt00oASowB7EdtpOHaaPgKt812P9ab+DDKA==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "hasInstallScript": true,
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "darwin"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": "^8.16.0 || ^10.6.0 || >=11.0.0"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/postcss": {
       "version": "8.5.6",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/postcss/-/postcss-8.5.6.tgz",
@@ -2398,7 +2231,6 @@
           "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/ai"
         }
       ],
-      "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
         "nanoid": "^3.3.11",
         "picocolors": "^1.1.1",
@@ -2410,8 +2242,6 @@
     },
     "node_modules/prelude-ls": {
       "version": "1.2.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/prelude-ls/-/prelude-ls-1.2.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-vkcDPrRZo1QZLbn5RLGPpg/WmIQ65qoWWhcGKf/b5eplkkarX0m9z8ppCat4mlOqUsWpyNuYgO3VRyrYHSzX5g==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "engines": {
@@ -2420,8 +2250,6 @@
     },
     "node_modules/punycode": {
       "version": "2.3.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/punycode/-/punycode-2.3.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-vYt7UD1U9Wg6138shLtLOvdAu+8DsC/ilFtEVHcH+wydcSpNE20AfSOduf6MkRFahL5FY7X1oU7nKVZFtfq8Fg==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "engines": {
@@ -2430,8 +2258,6 @@
     },
     "node_modules/readdirp": {
       "version": "3.6.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/readdirp/-/readdirp-3.6.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-hOS089on8RduqdbhvQ5Z37A0ESjsqz6qnRcffsMU3495FuTdqSm+7bhJ29JvIOsBDEEnan5DPu9t3To9VRlMzA==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -2443,8 +2269,6 @@
     },
     "node_modules/readdirp/node_modules/picomatch": {
       "version": "2.3.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/picomatch/-/picomatch-2.3.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-JU3teHTNjmE2VCGFzuY8EXzCDVwEqB2a8fsIvwaStHhAWJEeVd1o1QD80CU6+ZdEXXSLbSsuLwJjkCBWqRQUVA==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "engines": {
@@ -2456,8 +2280,6 @@
     },
     "node_modules/resolve-from": {
       "version": "4.0.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/resolve-from/-/resolve-from-4.0.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-pb/MYmXstAkysRFx8piNI1tGFNQIFA3vkE3Gq4EuA1dF6gHp/+vgZqsCGJapvy8N3Q+4o7FwvquPJcnZ7RYy4g==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "engines": {
@@ -2469,7 +2291,6 @@
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/rollup/-/rollup-4.53.3.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-w8GmOxZfBmKknvdXU1sdM9NHcoQejwF/4mNgj2JuEEdRaHwwF12K7e9eXn1nLZ07ad+du76mkVsyeb2rKGllsA==",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
         "@types/estree": "1.0.8"
       },
@@ -2507,9 +2328,7 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/semver": {
-      "version": "7.7.3",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/semver/-/semver-7.7.3.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-SdsKMrI9TdgjdweUSR9MweHA4EJ8YxHn8DFaDisvhVlUOe4BF1tLD7GAj0lIqWVl+dPb/rExr0Btby5loQm20Q==",
+      "version": "7.7.2",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "bin": {
@@ -2521,8 +2340,6 @@
     },
     "node_modules/shebang-command": {
       "version": "2.0.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/shebang-command/-/shebang-command-2.0.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-kHxr2zZpYtdmrN1qDjrrX/Z1rR1kG8Dx+gkpK1G4eXmvXswmcE1hTWBWYUzlraYw1/yZp6YuDY77YtvbN0dmDA==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -2534,35 +2351,42 @@
     },
     "node_modules/shebang-regex": {
       "version": "3.0.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/shebang-regex/-/shebang-regex-3.0.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-7++dFhtcx3353uBaq8DDR4NuxBetBzC7ZQOhmTQInHEd6bSrXdiEyzCvG07Z44UYdLShWUyXt5M/yhz8ekcb1A==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=8"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/siginfo": {
+      "version": "2.0.0",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "ISC"
+    },
     "node_modules/simplex-noise": {
       "version": "4.0.3",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/simplex-noise/-/simplex-noise-4.0.3.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-qSE2I4AngLQG7BXqoZj51jokT4WUXe8mOBrvfOXpci8+6Yu44+/dD5zqDpOx3Ux792eamTd2lLcI8jqFntk/lg==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT"
     },
     "node_modules/source-map-js": {
       "version": "1.2.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/source-map-js/-/source-map-js-1.2.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-UXWMKhLOwVKb728IUtQPXxfYU+usdybtUrK/8uGE8CQMvrhOpwvzDBwj0QhSL7MQc7vIsISBG8VQ8+IDQxpfQA==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "BSD-3-Clause",
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=0.10.0"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/stackback": {
+      "version": "0.0.2",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
+    "node_modules/std-env": {
+      "version": "3.10.0",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
     "node_modules/strip-json-comments": {
       "version": "3.1.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/strip-json-comments/-/strip-json-comments-3.1.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-6fPc+R4ihwqP6N/aIv2f1gMH8lOVtWQHoqC4yK6oSDVVocumAsfCqjkXnqiYMhmMwS/mEHLp7Vehlt3ql6lEig==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "engines": {
@@ -2574,8 +2398,6 @@
     },
     "node_modules/supports-color": {
       "version": "7.2.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/supports-color/-/supports-color-7.2.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-qpCAvRl9stuOHveKsn7HncJRvv501qIacKzQlO/+Lwxc9+0q2wLyv4Dfvt80/DPn2pqOBsJdDiogXGR9+OvwRw==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -2586,26 +2408,33 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/three": {
-      "version": "0.181.2",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/three/-/three-0.181.2.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-k/CjiZ80bYss6Qs7/ex1TBlPD11whT9oKfT8oTGiHa34W4JRd1NiH/Tr1DbHWQ2/vMUypxksLnF2CfmlmM5XFQ==",
+      "version": "0.177.0",
       "license": "MIT",
       "peer": true
     },
     "node_modules/three-hex-tiling": {
       "version": "0.1.5",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/three-hex-tiling/-/three-hex-tiling-0.1.5.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-c38BKK3IV/AplEoO0DlUof3e5ikHEKW3XnKkuOt9PqLz7QRoc4ZuYnBqfoaXe3rctLmFztnEiiPRRGSR34mPgA==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "peerDependencies": {
         "three": ">=0.151"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/tinybench": {
+      "version": "2.9.0",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
+    "node_modules/tinyexec": {
+      "version": "1.0.2",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/tinyglobby": {
       "version": "0.2.15",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/tinyglobby/-/tinyglobby-0.2.15.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-j2Zq4NyQYG5XMST4cbs02Ak8iJUdxRM0XI5QyxXuZOzKOINmWurp3smXu3y5wDcJrptwpSjgXHzIQxR0omXljQ==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -2619,10 +2448,16 @@
         "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/SuperchupuDev"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/tinyrainbow": {
+      "version": "3.0.3",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=14.0.0"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/to-regex-range": {
       "version": "5.0.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/to-regex-range/-/to-regex-range-5.0.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-65P7iz6X5yEr1cwcgvQxbbIw7Uk3gOy5dIdtZ4rDveLqhrdJP+Li/Hx6tyK0NEb+2GCyneCMJiGqrADCSNk8sQ==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -2634,8 +2469,6 @@
     },
     "node_modules/ts-api-utils": {
       "version": "2.1.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ts-api-utils/-/ts-api-utils-2.1.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-CUgTZL1irw8u29bzrOD/nH85jqyc74D6SshFgujOIA7osm2Rz7dYH77agkx7H4FBNxDq7Cjf+IjaX/8zwFW+ZQ==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "engines": {
@@ -2647,8 +2480,6 @@
     },
     "node_modules/type-check": {
       "version": "0.4.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/type-check/-/type-check-0.4.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-XleUoc9uwGXqjWwXaUTZAmzMcFZ5858QA2vvx1Ur5xIcixXIP+8LnFDgRplU30us6teqdlskFfu+ae4K79Ooew==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -2663,7 +2494,6 @@
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/typescript/-/typescript-5.9.3.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-jl1vZzPDinLr9eUt3J/t7V6FgNEw9QjvBPdysz9KfQDD41fQrC2Y4vKQdiaUpFT4bXlb1RHhLpp8wtm6M5TgSw==",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "Apache-2.0",
       "bin": {
         "tsc": "bin/tsc",
         "tsserver": "bin/tsserver"
@@ -2677,7 +2507,6 @@
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/typescript-eslint/-/typescript-eslint-8.48.1.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-FbOKN1fqNoXp1hIl5KYpObVrp0mCn+CLgn479nmu2IsRMrx2vyv74MmsBLVlhg8qVwNFGbXSp8fh1zp8pEoC2A==",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
         "@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin": "8.48.1",
         "@typescript-eslint/parser": "8.48.1",
@@ -2696,10 +2525,13 @@
         "typescript": ">=4.8.4 <6.0.0"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/undici-types": {
+      "version": "6.21.0",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
     "node_modules/uri-js": {
       "version": "4.4.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/uri-js/-/uri-js-4.4.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-7rKUyy33Q1yc98pQ1DAmLtwX109F7TIfWlW1Ydo8Wl1ii1SeHieeh0HHfPeL2fMXK6z0s8ecKs9frCuLJvndBg==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "BSD-2-Clause",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -2711,7 +2543,6 @@
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/vite/-/vite-7.2.6.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-tI2l/nFHC5rLh7+5+o7QjKjSR04ivXDF4jcgV0f/bTQ+OJiITy5S6gaynVsEM+7RqzufMnVbIon6Sr5x1SDYaQ==",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
         "esbuild": "^0.25.0",
         "fdir": "^6.5.0",
@@ -2786,7 +2617,6 @@
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/vite-plugin-externalize-deps/-/vite-plugin-externalize-deps-0.10.0.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-eQrtpT/Do7AvDn76l1yL6ZHyXJ+UWH2LaHVqhAes9go54qaAnPZuMbgxcroQ/7WY3ZyetZzYW2quQnDF0DV5qg==",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
       "funding": {
         "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/voracious"
       },
@@ -2799,7 +2629,6 @@
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/vite-plugin-glsl/-/vite-plugin-glsl-1.5.5.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-6NM2P4JkM+1hNSqMhM4eagX03bmhEoTyrOrk68y3Q6KXfdF73QIuCb6BmRZvwLPgXTCOBM3Zc8gL1WxctYnrUQ==",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
       "engines": {
         "node": ">= 20.17.0",
         "npm": ">= 10.8.3"
@@ -2823,7 +2652,6 @@
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/vite-plugin-static-copy/-/vite-plugin-static-copy-3.1.4.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-iCmr4GSw4eSnaB+G8zc2f4dxSuDjbkjwpuBLLGvQYR9IW7rnDzftnUjOH5p4RYR+d4GsiBqXRvzuFhs5bnzVyw==",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
         "chokidar": "^3.6.0",
         "p-map": "^7.0.3",
@@ -2837,10 +2665,93 @@
         "vite": "^5.0.0 || ^6.0.0 || ^7.0.0"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/vitest": {
+      "version": "4.0.15",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/vitest/-/vitest-4.0.15.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-n1RxDp8UJm6N0IbJLQo+yzLZ2sQCDyl1o0LeugbPWf8+8Fttp29GghsQBjYJVmWq3gBFfe9Hs1spR44vovn2wA==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@vitest/expect": "4.0.15",
+        "@vitest/mocker": "4.0.15",
+        "@vitest/pretty-format": "4.0.15",
+        "@vitest/runner": "4.0.15",
+        "@vitest/snapshot": "4.0.15",
+        "@vitest/spy": "4.0.15",
+        "@vitest/utils": "4.0.15",
+        "es-module-lexer": "^1.7.0",
+        "expect-type": "^1.2.2",
+        "magic-string": "^0.30.21",
+        "obug": "^2.1.1",
+        "pathe": "^2.0.3",
+        "picomatch": "^4.0.3",
+        "std-env": "^3.10.0",
+        "tinybench": "^2.9.0",
+        "tinyexec": "^1.0.2",
+        "tinyglobby": "^0.2.15",
+        "tinyrainbow": "^3.0.3",
+        "vite": "^6.0.0 || ^7.0.0",
+        "why-is-node-running": "^2.3.0"
+      },
+      "bin": {
+        "vitest": "vitest.mjs"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": "^20.0.0 || ^22.0.0 || >=24.0.0"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://opencollective.com/vitest"
+      },
+      "peerDependencies": {
+        "@edge-runtime/vm": "*",
+        "@opentelemetry/api": "^1.9.0",
+        "@types/node": "^20.0.0 || ^22.0.0 || >=24.0.0",
+        "@vitest/browser-playwright": "4.0.15",
+        "@vitest/browser-preview": "4.0.15",
+        "@vitest/browser-webdriverio": "4.0.15",
+        "@vitest/ui": "4.0.15",
+        "happy-dom": "*",
+        "jsdom": "*"
+      },
+      "peerDependenciesMeta": {
+        "@edge-runtime/vm": {
+          "optional": true
+        },
+        "@opentelemetry/api": {
+          "optional": true
+        },
+        "@types/node": {
+          "optional": true
+        },
+        "@vitest/browser-playwright": {
+          "optional": true
+        },
+        "@vitest/browser-preview": {
+          "optional": true
+        },
+        "@vitest/browser-webdriverio": {
+          "optional": true
+        },
+        "@vitest/ui": {
+          "optional": true
+        },
+        "happy-dom": {
+          "optional": true
+        },
+        "jsdom": {
+          "optional": true
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/whatwg-mimetype": {
+      "version": "3.0.0",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=12"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/which": {
       "version": "2.0.2",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/which/-/which-2.0.2.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-BLI3Tl1TW3Pvl70l3yq3Y64i+awpwXqsGBYWkkqMtnbXgrMD+yj7rhW0kuEDxzJaYXGjEW5ogapKNMEKNMjibA==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "ISC",
       "dependencies": {
@@ -2853,10 +2764,23 @@
         "node": ">= 8"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/why-is-node-running": {
+      "version": "2.3.0",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "siginfo": "^2.0.0",
+        "stackback": "0.0.2"
+      },
+      "bin": {
+        "why-is-node-running": "cli.js"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=8"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/word-wrap": {
       "version": "1.2.5",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/word-wrap/-/word-wrap-1.2.5.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-BN22B5eaMMI9UMtjrGd5g5eCYPpCPDUy0FJXbYsaT5zYxjFOckS53SQDE3pWkVoWpHXVb3BrYcEN4Twa55B5cA==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "engines": {
@@ -2865,8 +2789,6 @@
     },
     "node_modules/yocto-queue": {
       "version": "0.1.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/yocto-queue/-/yocto-queue-0.1.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-rVksvsnNCdJ/ohGc6xgPwyN8eheCxsiLM8mxuE/t/mOVqJewPuO1miLpTHQiRgTKCLexL4MeAFVagts7HmNZ2Q==",
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "engines": {
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index f19037a..77a3d1b 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -44,7 +44,11 @@
     "start": "vite",
     "build": "vite build && tsc --build tsconfig.build.json",
     "lint": "eslint --fix",
-    "test": "echo todo add tests",
+    "test": "vitest run",
+    "test:watch": "vitest",
+    "test:coverage": "vitest run --coverage",
+    "test:e2e": "playwright test",
+    "test:all": "vitest run && playwright test",
     "publish-alpha": "npm version prerelease --preid=alpha --git-tag-version false && npm run build && cd dist && npm publish --access public",
     "publish-patch": "npm version patch --git-tag-version false && npm run build && cd dist && npm publish --access public",
     "publish-minor": "npm version minor --git-tag-version false && npm run build && cd dist && npm publish --access public",
@@ -52,11 +56,15 @@
   },
   "devDependencies": {
     "@eslint/js": "^9.39.1",
+    "@playwright/test": "^1.57.0",
     "@stylistic/eslint-plugin": "^5.6.1",
     "@three.ez/main": "^0.5.11",
     "@types/three": "^0.181.0",
+    "@vitest/coverage-v8": "^4.0.15",
     "eslint": "^9.39.1",
+    "happy-dom": "^20.0.11",
     "meshoptimizer": "^0.25.0",
+    "playwright": "^1.57.0",
     "simplex-noise": "^4.0.3",
     "three-hex-tiling": "^0.1.5",
     "typescript": "^5.9.3",
@@ -64,7 +72,8 @@
     "vite": "^7.2.6",
     "vite-plugin-externalize-deps": "^0.10.0",
     "vite-plugin-glsl": "^1.5.5",
-    "vite-plugin-static-copy": "^3.1.4"
+    "vite-plugin-static-copy": "^3.1.4",
+    "vitest": "^4.0.15"
   },
   "peerDependencies": {
     "three": ">=0.159.0"
diff --git a/playwright.config.ts b/playwright.config.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b18c6a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/playwright.config.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+import { defineConfig, devices } from '@playwright/test';
+
+export default defineConfig({
+  testDir: './tests/e2e',
+  fullyParallel: true,
+  forbidOnly: !!process.env.CI,
+  retries: process.env.CI ? 2 : 0,
+  workers: process.env.CI ? 1 : undefined,
+  reporter: 'html',
+  use: {
+    baseURL: 'http://localhost:5173',
+    trace: 'on-first-retry',
+  },
+  projects: [
+    {
+      name: 'chromium',
+      use: {
+        ...devices['Desktop Chrome'],
+      },
+    },
+  ],
+  webServer: {
+    command: 'npm run start',
+    url: 'http://localhost:5173',
+    reuseExistingServer: !process.env.CI,
+    timeout: 120000,
+  },
+});
+
diff --git a/tests/e2e/frustum-culling.spec.ts b/tests/e2e/frustum-culling.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9fa6c0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/e2e/frustum-culling.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,402 @@
+/**
+ * E2E tests for Frustum Culling
+ * 
+ * Tests actual WebGL rendering with real camera frustum calculations.
+ */
+
+import { test, expect, type Page } from '@playwright/test';
+import { initBrowserHelpers } from './test-utils.js';
+
+// Shared beforeEach setup
+const setupScene = async (page: Page) => {
+  await page.goto('/tests/fixtures/test-scene.html');
+  // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any
+  await page.waitForFunction(() => (window as any).sceneReady === true);
+  await initBrowserHelpers(page);
+};
+
+test.describe('Frustum Culling E2E', () => {
+  test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
+    await setupScene(page);
+  });
+
+  test('should render instances within camera frustum', async ({ page }) => {
+    // Create mesh with instances at origin (visible to camera)
+    await page.evaluate(() => {
+      window.createTestMesh({ count: 100, spread: 10 });
+    });
+
+    // Wait for render
+    await page.waitForTimeout(100);
+
+    // Check that some instances are rendered
+    const renderCount = await page.evaluate(() => window.testMesh.count);
+    expect(renderCount).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+  });
+
+  test('should cull instances outside frustum', async ({ page }) => {
+    // Create mesh with instances far from camera view
+    await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const mesh = window.createTestMesh({ count: 100, spread: 0 });
+      
+      // Move all instances behind the camera
+      mesh.updateInstances((obj) => {
+        obj.position.set(0, 0, 200); // Behind camera at z=100
+      });
+      
+      // Trigger frustum culling
+      mesh.performFrustumCulling(window.camera);
+    });
+
+    await page.waitForTimeout(100);
+
+    // Instances behind camera should be culled
+    const renderCount = await page.evaluate(() => window.testMesh.count);
+    expect(renderCount).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  test('should respect perObjectFrustumCulled setting', async ({ page }) => {
+    const result = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const mesh = window.createTestMesh({ count: 50, spread: 1000 });
+      
+      // Disable auto update to prevent render loop from re-running culling
+      mesh.autoUpdate = false;
+      mesh.perObjectFrustumCulled = false;
+      mesh.performFrustumCulling(window.camera);
+      
+      // Get values immediately after performFrustumCulling
+      return {
+        renderCount: mesh.count,
+        totalCount: mesh.instancesCount
+      };
+    });
+
+    // With perObjectFrustumCulled disabled, all instances should be rendered
+    expect(result.renderCount).toBe(result.totalCount);
+  });
+
+  test('should update culling when camera moves', async ({ page }) => {
+    await page.evaluate(() => {
+      window.createTestMesh({ count: 100, spread: 50 });
+    });
+
+    // Get initial count
+    const initialCount = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      window.testMesh.performFrustumCulling(window.camera);
+      return window.testMesh.count;
+    });
+
+    // Move camera far away
+    await page.evaluate(() => {
+      window.testHelpers.setupCamera({ x: 0, y: 0, z: 10000 });
+      window.testMesh.performFrustumCulling(window.camera);
+    });
+
+    await page.waitForTimeout(100);
+
+    const farCount = await page.evaluate(() => window.testMesh.count);
+    
+    // When camera is far, fewer instances should be visible
+    expect(farCount).toBeLessThan(initialCount);
+  });
+
+  test('should handle hidden instances during culling', async ({ page }) => {
+    await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const mesh = window.createTestMesh({ count: 10, spread: 5 });
+      
+      // Hide some instances
+      mesh.setVisibilityAt(0, false);
+      mesh.setVisibilityAt(1, false);
+      mesh.setVisibilityAt(2, false);
+      
+      mesh.performFrustumCulling(window.camera);
+    });
+
+    await page.waitForTimeout(100);
+
+    const renderCount = await page.evaluate(() => window.testMesh.count);
+    
+    // Should have at most 7 rendered (10 - 3 hidden)
+    expect(renderCount).toBeLessThanOrEqual(7);
+  });
+
+  test('should use BVH for culling when available', async ({ page }) => {
+    await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const mesh = window.createTestMesh({ count: 100, spread: 50 });
+      mesh.computeBVH();
+      
+      // BVH should be created
+      return mesh.bvh !== null;
+    });
+
+    const hasBVH = await page.evaluate(() => window.testMesh.bvh !== null);
+    expect(hasBVH).toBe(true);
+
+    // Perform culling with BVH
+    await page.evaluate(() => {
+      window.testMesh.performFrustumCulling(window.camera);
+    });
+
+    const renderCount = await page.evaluate(() => window.testMesh.count);
+    expect(renderCount).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+  });
+});
+
+/**
+ * High-confidence deterministic frustum culling tests
+ * 
+ * These tests verify exact instance IDs are culled/rendered
+ * by placing instances at known positions and checking internal state.
+ */
+test.describe('Deterministic Frustum Culling', () => {
+  test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
+    await setupScene(page);
+  });
+
+  test('should cull specific instances outside frustum and keep specific instances inside', async ({ page }) => {
+    const result = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const { BoxGeometry, MeshBasicMaterial } = window.THREE;
+      
+      const geometry = new BoxGeometry(1, 1, 1);
+      const material = new MeshBasicMaterial({ color: 0x00ff00 });
+      const mesh = window.testHelpers.createMesh(geometry, material);
+      
+      // Camera at (0, 0, 50) looking at origin
+      window.testHelpers.setupCamera(
+        { x: 0, y: 0, z: 50 },
+        { x: 0, y: 0, z: 0 },
+        { near: 1, far: 200 }
+      );
+      
+      // Create instances at known positions relative to camera
+      // Camera is at z=50 looking toward origin (negative Z direction)
+      mesh.addInstances(6, (obj, index) => {
+        switch (index) {
+          case 0: obj.position.set(0, 0, 0); break;        // In front of camera - VISIBLE
+          case 1: obj.position.set(0, 0, 200); break;      // Behind camera - CULLED
+          case 2: obj.position.set(5, 0, 10); break;       // In front, slight offset - VISIBLE
+          case 3: obj.position.set(1000, 0, 0); break;     // Far to the side - CULLED
+          case 4: obj.position.set(0, 0, 30); break;       // In front, closer - VISIBLE
+          case 5: obj.position.set(0, 1000, 0); break;     // Far above - CULLED
+        }
+      });
+      
+      window.testHelpers.addToScene(mesh);
+      mesh.performFrustumCulling(window.camera);
+      
+      return window.testHelpers.getRenderedInfo(mesh);
+    });
+    
+    // Verify exact count
+    expect(result.count).toBe(3);
+    
+    // Verify specific instances are rendered (0, 2, 4 are in view)
+    expect(result.ids).toContain(0);
+    expect(result.ids).toContain(2);
+    expect(result.ids).toContain(4);
+    
+    // Verify specific instances are culled (1, 3, 5 are out of view)
+    expect(result.ids).not.toContain(1);
+    expect(result.ids).not.toContain(3);
+    expect(result.ids).not.toContain(5);
+  });
+
+  test('should correctly handle instances at frustum near/far boundaries', async ({ page }) => {
+    const result = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const { BoxGeometry, MeshBasicMaterial } = window.THREE;
+      
+      const geometry = new BoxGeometry(1, 1, 1);
+      const material = new MeshBasicMaterial({ color: 0x00ff00 });
+      const mesh = window.testHelpers.createMesh(geometry, material);
+      
+      // Camera at origin looking at -Z with specific near/far
+      window.testHelpers.setupCamera(
+        { x: 0, y: 0, z: 0 },
+        { x: 0, y: 0, z: -1 },
+        { near: 10, far: 100 }
+      );
+      
+      // Create instances at boundary positions
+      mesh.addInstances(6, (obj, index) => {
+        switch (index) {
+          case 0: obj.position.set(0, 0, -5); break;      // Before near plane (z=-5) - CULLED
+          case 1: obj.position.set(0, 0, -10); break;     // At near plane - VISIBLE
+          case 2: obj.position.set(0, 0, -50); break;     // Middle of frustum - VISIBLE
+          case 3: obj.position.set(0, 0, -100); break;    // At far plane - VISIBLE
+          case 4: obj.position.set(0, 0, -150); break;    // Beyond far plane - CULLED
+          case 5: obj.position.set(0, 0, -75); break;     // Middle - VISIBLE
+        }
+      });
+      
+      window.testHelpers.addToScene(mesh);
+      mesh.performFrustumCulling(window.camera);
+      
+      return window.testHelpers.getRenderedInfo(mesh);
+    });
+    
+    // Instances 1, 2, 3, 5 should be visible (within near-far range)
+    expect(result.ids).toContain(1);
+    expect(result.ids).toContain(2);
+    expect(result.ids).toContain(3);
+    expect(result.ids).toContain(5);
+    
+    // Instances 0 and 4 should be culled (outside near-far range)
+    expect(result.ids).not.toContain(0);
+    expect(result.ids).not.toContain(4);
+    
+    expect(result.count).toBe(4);
+  });
+
+  test('should correctly handle instances at frustum left/right/top/bottom boundaries', async ({ page }) => {
+    const result = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const { BoxGeometry, MeshBasicMaterial } = window.THREE;
+      
+      const geometry = new BoxGeometry(1, 1, 1);
+      const material = new MeshBasicMaterial({ color: 0x00ff00 });
+      const mesh = window.testHelpers.createMesh(geometry, material);
+      
+      // Camera with known FOV to calculate exact frustum boundaries
+      window.testHelpers.setupCamera(
+        { x: 0, y: 0, z: 0 },
+        { x: 0, y: 0, z: -1 },
+        { fov: 90, near: 1, far: 100 }
+      );
+      window.camera.aspect = 1; // Square aspect ratio
+      window.camera.updateProjectionMatrix();
+      
+      // At 90 degree FOV and aspect 1, at distance Z, frustum width = 2*Z
+      // At z=-20, frustum extends from x=-20 to x=+20
+      mesh.addInstances(8, (obj, index) => {
+        switch (index) {
+          case 0: obj.position.set(0, 0, -20); break;      // Center - VISIBLE
+          case 1: obj.position.set(15, 0, -20); break;     // Right, in view - VISIBLE
+          case 2: obj.position.set(-15, 0, -20); break;    // Left, in view - VISIBLE
+          case 3: obj.position.set(0, 15, -20); break;     // Top, in view - VISIBLE
+          case 4: obj.position.set(0, -15, -20); break;    // Bottom, in view - VISIBLE
+          case 5: obj.position.set(30, 0, -20); break;     // Far right - CULLED
+          case 6: obj.position.set(-30, 0, -20); break;    // Far left - CULLED
+          case 7: obj.position.set(0, 30, -20); break;     // Far top - CULLED
+        }
+      });
+      
+      window.testHelpers.addToScene(mesh);
+      mesh.performFrustumCulling(window.camera);
+      
+      return window.testHelpers.getRenderedInfo(mesh);
+    });
+    
+    // Instances 0-4 should be visible (inside frustum)
+    expect(result.ids).toContain(0);
+    expect(result.ids).toContain(1);
+    expect(result.ids).toContain(2);
+    expect(result.ids).toContain(3);
+    expect(result.ids).toContain(4);
+    
+    // Instances 5-7 should be culled (outside frustum)
+    expect(result.ids).not.toContain(5);
+    expect(result.ids).not.toContain(6);
+    expect(result.ids).not.toContain(7);
+    
+    expect(result.count).toBe(5);
+  });
+
+  test('should produce same culling results with and without BVH', async ({ page }) => {
+    const result = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const { BoxGeometry, MeshBasicMaterial } = window.THREE;
+      
+      const geometry = new BoxGeometry(1, 1, 1);
+      const material = new MeshBasicMaterial({ color: 0x00ff00 });
+      const mesh = window.testHelpers.createMesh(geometry, material, 200);
+      
+      // Camera setup
+      window.testHelpers.setupCamera({ x: 0, y: 0, z: 50 });
+      
+      // Create instances at various positions
+      mesh.addInstances(50, (obj, index) => {
+        // Create a spread of instances, some visible, some not
+        const angle = (index / 50) * Math.PI * 2;
+        const radius = index % 2 === 0 ? 20 : 200; // Alternating near/far
+        obj.position.set(
+          Math.cos(angle) * radius,
+          Math.sin(angle) * radius * 0.5,
+          Math.sin(angle) * radius
+        );
+      });
+      
+      window.testHelpers.addToScene(mesh);
+      
+      // Culling WITHOUT BVH
+      mesh.performFrustumCulling(window.camera);
+      const withoutBVH = window.testHelpers.getRenderedInfo(mesh);
+      const withoutBVHIds = [...withoutBVH.ids].sort((a, b) => a - b);
+      
+      // Create BVH
+      mesh.computeBVH();
+      
+      // Culling WITH BVH
+      mesh.performFrustumCulling(window.camera);
+      const withBVH = window.testHelpers.getRenderedInfo(mesh);
+      const withBVHIds = [...withBVH.ids].sort((a, b) => a - b);
+      
+      return {
+        withoutBVH: { count: withoutBVH.count, ids: withoutBVHIds },
+        withBVH: { count: withBVH.count, ids: withBVHIds },
+        hasBVH: mesh.bvh !== null
+      };
+    });
+    
+    // Verify BVH was created
+    expect(result.hasBVH).toBe(true);
+    
+    // Verify same counts
+    expect(result.withBVH.count).toBe(result.withoutBVH.count);
+    
+    // Verify same instance IDs are rendered
+    expect(result.withBVH.ids).toEqual(result.withoutBVH.ids);
+  });
+
+  test('should track correct instance IDs when instances are hidden', async ({ page }) => {
+    const result = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const { BoxGeometry, MeshBasicMaterial } = window.THREE;
+      
+      const geometry = new BoxGeometry(1, 1, 1);
+      const material = new MeshBasicMaterial({ color: 0x00ff00 });
+      const mesh = window.testHelpers.createMesh(geometry, material);
+      
+      // Camera looking at origin
+      window.testHelpers.setupCamera({ x: 0, y: 0, z: 50 });
+      
+      // Create 10 instances all in view
+      mesh.addInstances(10, (obj, index) => {
+        obj.position.set((index - 5) * 2, 0, 0); // Spread along X axis
+      });
+      
+      // Hide specific instances
+      mesh.setVisibilityAt(2, false);
+      mesh.setVisibilityAt(5, false);
+      mesh.setVisibilityAt(8, false);
+      
+      window.testHelpers.addToScene(mesh);
+      mesh.performFrustumCulling(window.camera);
+      
+      return window.testHelpers.getRenderedInfo(mesh);
+    });
+    
+    // 10 instances - 3 hidden = 7 visible
+    expect(result.count).toBe(7);
+    
+    // Hidden instances should not be in render list
+    expect(result.ids).not.toContain(2);
+    expect(result.ids).not.toContain(5);
+    expect(result.ids).not.toContain(8);
+    
+    // Visible instances should be in render list
+    expect(result.ids).toContain(0);
+    expect(result.ids).toContain(1);
+    expect(result.ids).toContain(3);
+    expect(result.ids).toContain(4);
+    expect(result.ids).toContain(6);
+    expect(result.ids).toContain(7);
+    expect(result.ids).toContain(9);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/tests/e2e/lod-switching.spec.ts b/tests/e2e/lod-switching.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..45dc925
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/e2e/lod-switching.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,331 @@
+/**
+ * E2E tests for LOD (Level of Detail) switching
+ * 
+ * Tests actual distance-based LOD switching with real rendering.
+ */
+
+import { test, expect, type Page } from '@playwright/test';
+import { initBrowserHelpers } from './test-utils.js';
+
+// Shared beforeEach setup
+const setupScene = async (page: Page) => {
+  await page.goto('/tests/fixtures/test-scene.html');
+  // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any
+  await page.waitForFunction(() => (window as any).sceneReady === true);
+  await initBrowserHelpers(page);
+};
+
+test.describe('LOD Switching E2E', () => {
+  test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
+    await setupScene(page);
+  });
+
+  test('should create LOD levels', async ({ page }) => {
+    const hasLOD = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const mesh = window.testHelpers.createMultiLODMesh(50, 100);
+
+      mesh.addInstances(50, (obj) => {
+        // NOSONAR – test-only randomness is fine here
+        obj.position.set(
+          (Math.random() - 0.5) * 100,
+          (Math.random() - 0.5) * 100,
+          (Math.random() - 0.5) * 100
+        );
+      });
+      
+      window.testHelpers.addToScene(mesh);
+      
+      return mesh.LODinfo !== null && mesh.LODinfo.render.levels.length === 3;
+    });
+
+    expect(hasLOD).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  test('should render different LOD levels based on distance', async ({ page }) => {
+    await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const mesh = window.testHelpers.createLODMesh(50);
+
+      // Create instances at known distances
+      mesh.addInstances(10, (obj, index) => {
+        // Near instances (within 50 units)
+        if (index < 5) {
+          obj.position.set(0, 0, 20);
+        } else {
+          // Far instances (beyond 50 units)
+          obj.position.set(0, 0, -100);
+        }
+      });
+      
+      window.testHelpers.addToScene(mesh);
+      
+      // Trigger culling
+      mesh.performFrustumCulling(window.camera);
+    });
+
+    await page.waitForTimeout(100);
+
+    // Check that LOD objects have different counts
+    const lodInfo = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const mesh = window.testMesh;
+      return {
+        level0Count: mesh.LODinfo.objects[0].count,
+        level1Count: mesh.LODinfo.objects[1].count,
+        totalLevels: mesh.LODinfo.render.levels.length
+      };
+    });
+
+    expect(lodInfo.totalLevels).toBe(2);
+    // Near and far instances should be distributed across LOD levels
+  });
+
+  test('should update LOD when camera moves', async ({ page }) => {
+    await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const mesh = window.testHelpers.createLODMesh(30);
+
+      // All instances at origin
+      mesh.addInstances(20, (obj) => {
+        obj.position.set(0, 0, 0);
+      });
+      
+      window.testHelpers.addToScene(mesh);
+    });
+
+    // Camera close - should use high LOD
+    await page.evaluate(() => {
+      window.testHelpers.setupCamera({ x: 0, y: 0, z: 20 });
+      window.testMesh.performFrustumCulling(window.camera);
+    });
+
+    const closeHighCount = await page.evaluate(() => 
+      window.testMesh.LODinfo.objects[0].count
+    );
+
+    // Camera far - should use low LOD
+    await page.evaluate(() => {
+      window.testHelpers.setupCamera({ x: 0, y: 0, z: 100 });
+      window.testMesh.performFrustumCulling(window.camera);
+    });
+
+    const farHighCount = await page.evaluate(() => 
+      window.testMesh.LODinfo.objects[0].count
+    );
+    const farLowCount = await page.evaluate(() => 
+      window.testMesh.LODinfo.objects[1].count
+    );
+
+    // When camera is close, high LOD should have more instances
+    // When camera is far, low LOD should have more instances
+    expect(closeHighCount).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    expect(farLowCount).toBeGreaterThan(farHighCount);
+  });
+
+  test('should support shadow LOD', async ({ page }) => {
+    const hasShadowLOD = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const { BoxGeometry, SphereGeometry, MeshBasicMaterial } = window.THREE;
+      
+      const highGeometry = new SphereGeometry(0.5, 32, 32);
+      const shadowGeometry = new BoxGeometry(1, 1, 1);
+      const material = new MeshBasicMaterial({ color: 0x00ff00 });
+      
+      const mesh = window.testHelpers.createMesh(highGeometry, material);
+
+      mesh.addShadowLOD(shadowGeometry, 0);
+      
+      window.testMesh = mesh;
+      
+      return mesh.LODinfo.shadowRender !== null && 
+             mesh.LODinfo.shadowRender.levels.length > 0 &&
+             mesh.castShadow === true;
+    });
+
+    expect(hasShadowLOD).toBe(true);
+  });
+});
+
+/**
+ * High-confidence deterministic LOD tests
+ * 
+ * These tests verify exact instance ID assignments to LOD levels
+ * by placing instances at known distances and checking internal state.
+ */
+test.describe('Deterministic LOD Assignment', () => {
+  test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
+    await setupScene(page);
+  });
+
+  test('should assign instances to correct LOD based on exact distance', async ({ page }) => {
+    const result = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const mesh = window.testHelpers.createLODMesh(50);
+      
+      // Position camera at origin looking at -Z with wide FOV
+      window.testHelpers.setupCamera(
+        { x: 0, y: 0, z: 0 },
+        { x: 0, y: 0, z: -1 },
+        { fov: 90, near: 1, far: 500 }
+      );
+      
+      // Create 4 instances at known distances from camera (at origin)
+      // All instances placed IN FRONT of camera (in -Z direction) to stay in frustum
+      mesh.addInstances(4, (obj, index) => {
+        if (index === 0) obj.position.set(0, 0, -30);     // 30 units in front - LOD 0
+        if (index === 1) obj.position.set(5, 0, -29.6);   // ~30 units in front - LOD 0
+        if (index === 2) obj.position.set(0, 0, -80);     // 80 units in front - LOD 1
+        if (index === 3) obj.position.set(10, 0, -79.4);  // ~80 units in front - LOD 1
+      });
+      
+      window.testHelpers.addToScene(mesh);
+      
+      // Perform frustum culling (which also does LOD assignment)
+      mesh.performFrustumCulling(window.camera);
+      
+      // Extract LOD assignment data
+      const lodInfo = window.testHelpers.getLODInfo(mesh, 2);
+      
+      return { 
+        lod0Count: lodInfo.counts[0], 
+        lod1Count: lodInfo.counts[1], 
+        lod0Ids: lodInfo.ids[0], 
+        lod1Ids: lodInfo.ids[1] 
+      };
+    });
+    
+    // Verify exact counts
+    expect(result.lod0Count).toBe(2);
+    expect(result.lod1Count).toBe(2);
+    
+    // Verify exact instance IDs in each LOD level
+    expect(result.lod0Ids.sort((a, b) => a - b)).toEqual([0, 1]);
+    expect(result.lod1Ids.sort((a, b) => a - b)).toEqual([2, 3]);
+  });
+
+  test('should reassign LOD levels when camera distance changes', async ({ page }) => {
+    // Setup: Create instances all at origin
+    await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const mesh = window.testHelpers.createLODMesh(50);
+      
+      // All 5 instances at origin
+      mesh.addInstances(5, (obj) => {
+        obj.position.set(0, 0, 0);
+      });
+      
+      window.testHelpers.addToScene(mesh);
+    });
+    
+    // Phase 1: Camera close (20 units) - all should be LOD 0
+    const closeResult = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      window.testHelpers.setupCamera({ x: 0, y: 0, z: 20 });
+      window.testMesh.performFrustumCulling(window.camera);
+      
+      const lodInfo = window.testHelpers.getLODInfo(window.testMesh, 2);
+      return { lod0Count: lodInfo.counts[0], lod1Count: lodInfo.counts[1] };
+    });
+    
+    expect(closeResult.lod0Count).toBe(5);
+    expect(closeResult.lod1Count).toBe(0);
+    
+    // Phase 2: Camera far (100 units) - all should be LOD 1
+    const farResult = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      window.testHelpers.setupCamera({ x: 0, y: 0, z: 100 });
+      window.testMesh.performFrustumCulling(window.camera);
+      
+      const lodInfo = window.testHelpers.getLODInfo(window.testMesh, 2);
+      return { lod0Count: lodInfo.counts[0], lod1Count: lodInfo.counts[1] };
+    });
+    
+    expect(farResult.lod0Count).toBe(0);
+    expect(farResult.lod1Count).toBe(5);
+  });
+
+  test('should handle instance at exact LOD boundary distance', async ({ page }) => {
+    const result = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const mesh = window.testHelpers.createLODMesh(50);
+      
+      // Camera at origin
+      window.testHelpers.setupCamera(
+        { x: 0, y: 0, z: 0 },
+        { x: 0, y: 0, z: -1 }
+      );
+      
+      // Create instances at and around boundary
+      mesh.addInstances(4, (obj, index) => {
+        if (index === 0) obj.position.set(0, 0, -49.9);  // Just inside LOD 0
+        if (index === 1) obj.position.set(0, 0, -50.0);  // Exactly at boundary
+        if (index === 2) obj.position.set(0, 0, -50.1);  // Just outside to LOD 1
+        if (index === 3) obj.position.set(0, 0, -60);    // Clearly LOD 1
+      });
+      
+      window.testHelpers.addToScene(mesh);
+      mesh.performFrustumCulling(window.camera);
+      
+      const lodInfo = window.testHelpers.getLODInfo(mesh, 2);
+      
+      return { 
+        lod0Count: lodInfo.counts[0], 
+        lod1Count: lodInfo.counts[1], 
+        lod0Ids: lodInfo.ids[0], 
+        lod1Ids: lodInfo.ids[1] 
+      };
+    });
+    
+    // Instance 0 (49.9) should be in LOD 0
+    // Instance 1 (50.0 - exact boundary) - verify it's assigned consistently
+    // Instances 2,3 should be in LOD 1
+    
+    // At boundary, the comparison is typically < threshold, so exactly 50 goes to LOD 1
+    expect(result.lod0Ids).toContain(0);
+    expect(result.lod1Ids).toContain(2);
+    expect(result.lod1Ids).toContain(3);
+    
+    // Boundary instance (1) should be consistently assigned to one level
+    // It will go to LOD 1 since comparison is typically < (not <=)
+    expect(result.lod0Count + result.lod1Count).toBe(4);
+  });
+
+  test('should correctly assign multiple LOD levels (3+ levels)', async ({ page }) => {
+    const result = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const mesh = window.testHelpers.createMultiLODMesh(30, 60);
+      
+      // Camera at origin looking at -Z with wide FOV
+      window.testHelpers.setupCamera(
+        { x: 0, y: 0, z: 0 },
+        { x: 0, y: 0, z: -1 },
+        { fov: 90, near: 1, far: 500 }
+      );
+      
+      // Create 6 instances: 2 for each LOD level
+      // All instances in front of camera to stay in frustum
+      mesh.addInstances(6, (obj, index) => {
+        if (index === 0) obj.position.set(0, 0, -15);     // 15 units -> LOD 0
+        if (index === 1) obj.position.set(3, 0, -14.7);   // ~15 units -> LOD 0
+        if (index === 2) obj.position.set(0, 0, -45);     // 45 units -> LOD 1
+        if (index === 3) obj.position.set(8, 0, -44.3);   // ~45 units -> LOD 1
+        if (index === 4) obj.position.set(0, 0, -80);     // 80 units -> LOD 2
+        if (index === 5) obj.position.set(15, 0, -78.6);  // ~80 units -> LOD 2
+      });
+      
+      window.testHelpers.addToScene(mesh);
+      mesh.performFrustumCulling(window.camera);
+      
+      const lodInfo = window.testHelpers.getLODInfo(mesh, 3);
+      
+      return { 
+        lod0Count: lodInfo.counts[0], 
+        lod1Count: lodInfo.counts[1], 
+        lod2Count: lodInfo.counts[2],
+        lod0Ids: lodInfo.ids[0], 
+        lod1Ids: lodInfo.ids[1], 
+        lod2Ids: lodInfo.ids[2],
+        totalLevels: mesh.LODinfo.render.levels.length
+      };
+    });
+    
+    expect(result.totalLevels).toBe(3);
+    expect(result.lod0Count).toBe(2);
+    expect(result.lod1Count).toBe(2);
+    expect(result.lod2Count).toBe(2);
+    
+    expect(result.lod0Ids.sort((a, b) => a - b)).toEqual([0, 1]);
+    expect(result.lod1Ids.sort((a, b) => a - b)).toEqual([2, 3]);
+    expect(result.lod2Ids.sort((a, b) => a - b)).toEqual([4, 5]);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/tests/e2e/raycasting.spec.ts b/tests/e2e/raycasting.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..404f115
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/e2e/raycasting.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+/**
+ * E2E tests for Raycasting
+ * 
+ * Tests actual raycasting with BVH optimization.
+ */
+
+import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test';
+
+test.describe('Raycasting E2E', () => {
+  test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
+    await page.goto('/tests/fixtures/test-scene.html');
+    await page.waitForFunction(() => window.sceneReady === true);
+  });
+
+  test('should raycast and find instances', async ({ page }) => {
+    const hitFound = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const { Raycaster, Vector2 } = window.THREE;
+      
+      // Create mesh with instance at known position
+      const mesh = window.createTestMesh({ count: 1, spread: 0 });
+      
+      // Position instance at origin
+      mesh.updateInstances((obj) => {
+        obj.position.set(0, 0, 0);
+      });
+      
+      // Create raycaster pointing at origin
+      const raycaster = new Raycaster();
+      raycaster.setFromCamera(new Vector2(0, 0), window.camera);
+      
+      const intersects = raycaster.intersectObject(mesh);
+      
+      return intersects.length > 0;
+    });
+
+    expect(hitFound).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  test('should return instanceId in raycast result', async ({ page }) => {
+    const instanceId = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const { Raycaster, Vector2 } = window.THREE;
+      
+      const mesh = window.createTestMesh({ count: 5, spread: 0 });
+      
+      // Position all instances at origin
+      mesh.updateInstances((obj, index) => {
+        obj.position.set(0, 0, index * 2);
+      });
+      
+      const raycaster = new Raycaster();
+      raycaster.setFromCamera(new Vector2(0, 0), window.camera);
+      
+      const intersects = raycaster.intersectObject(mesh);
+      
+      if (intersects.length > 0) {
+        return intersects[0].instanceId;
+      }
+      return -1;
+    });
+
+    expect(instanceId).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(0);
+  });
+
+  test('should use BVH for optimized raycasting', async ({ page }) => {
+    const result = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const { Raycaster, Vector2 } = window.THREE;
+      
+      // Create mesh with many instances
+      const mesh = window.createTestMesh({ count: 1000, spread: 100 });
+      mesh.computeBVH();
+      
+      const raycaster = new Raycaster();
+      raycaster.setFromCamera(new Vector2(0, 0), window.camera);
+      
+      const start = performance.now();
+      const intersects = raycaster.intersectObject(mesh);
+      const duration = performance.now() - start;
+      
+      return {
+        hasBVH: mesh.bvh !== null,
+        hitCount: intersects.length,
+        duration
+      };
+    });
+
+    expect(result.hasBVH).toBe(true);
+    // With BVH, raycasting should be fast even with many instances
+    expect(result.duration).toBeLessThan(100); // Should be much faster than 100ms
+  });
+
+  test('should only raycast visible instances', async ({ page }) => {
+    const result = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const { Raycaster, Vector2 } = window.THREE;
+      
+      const mesh = window.createTestMesh({ count: 1, spread: 0 });
+      
+      // Position instance at origin
+      mesh.updateInstances((obj) => {
+        obj.position.set(0, 0, 0);
+      });
+      
+      // First raycast - should hit
+      const raycaster = new Raycaster();
+      raycaster.setFromCamera(new Vector2(0, 0), window.camera);
+      const hitsBeforeHide = raycaster.intersectObject(mesh).length;
+      
+      // Hide the instance
+      mesh.setVisibilityAt(0, false);
+      
+      // Second raycast - should not hit hidden instance
+      const hitsAfterHide = raycaster.intersectObject(mesh).length;
+      
+      return {
+        hitsBeforeHide,
+        hitsAfterHide
+      };
+    });
+
+    expect(result.hitsBeforeHide).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    // Note: visibility filtering during raycast depends on implementation
+  });
+
+  test('should raycast with raycastOnlyFrustum option', async ({ page }) => {
+    await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const mesh = window.createTestMesh({ count: 100, spread: 50 });
+      mesh.raycastOnlyFrustum = true;
+      
+      // Perform frustum culling first
+      mesh.performFrustumCulling(window.camera);
+      
+      window.testMesh = mesh;
+    });
+
+    const setting = await page.evaluate(() => window.testMesh.raycastOnlyFrustum);
+    expect(setting).toBe(true);
+  });
+});
+
diff --git a/tests/e2e/rendering.spec.ts b/tests/e2e/rendering.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d896fcf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/e2e/rendering.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,663 @@
+/**
+ * E2E tests for basic rendering functionality
+ * 
+ * Tests that InstancedMesh2 renders correctly in a real WebGL context.
+ */
+
+import { test, expect, type Page } from '@playwright/test';
+import { initBrowserHelpers } from './test-utils.js';
+
+// Shared beforeEach setup
+const setupScene = async (page: Page) => {
+  await page.goto('/tests/fixtures/test-scene.html');
+  // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any
+  await page.waitForFunction(() => (window as any).sceneReady === true);
+  await initBrowserHelpers(page);
+};
+
+test.describe('Rendering E2E', () => {
+  test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
+    await setupScene(page);
+  });
+
+  test('should render instances on screen', async ({ page }) => {
+    await page.evaluate(() => {
+      window.createTestMesh({ count: 100, spread: 30 });
+    });
+
+    // Wait for a few frames
+    await page.waitForTimeout(200);
+
+    // Take screenshot to verify rendering
+    const screenshot = await page.screenshot();
+    expect(screenshot).toBeTruthy();
+    
+    // Check render count is greater than 0
+    const renderCount = await page.evaluate(() => window.testMesh.count);
+    expect(renderCount).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+  });
+
+  test('should update display when instances added', async ({ page }) => {
+    // Start with empty mesh
+    const initialCount = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      window.createTestMesh({ count: 0 });
+      return window.testMesh.instancesCount;
+    });
+
+    expect(initialCount).toBe(0);
+
+    // Add instances
+    const newCount = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      window.testMesh.addInstances(50, (obj, index) => {
+        obj.position.set(index, 0, 0);
+      });
+      return window.testMesh.instancesCount;
+    });
+
+    expect(newCount).toBe(50);
+  });
+
+  test('should handle instance removal', async ({ page }) => {
+    await page.evaluate(() => {
+      window.createTestMesh({ count: 10, spread: 10 });
+    });
+
+    const initialCount = await page.evaluate(() => window.testMesh.instancesCount);
+    expect(initialCount).toBe(10);
+
+    // Remove some instances
+    const afterRemoval = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      window.testMesh.removeInstances(0, 1, 2);
+      return window.testMesh.instancesCount;
+    });
+
+    expect(afterRemoval).toBe(7);
+  });
+
+  test('should handle clearInstances', async ({ page }) => {
+    await page.evaluate(() => {
+      window.createTestMesh({ count: 100, spread: 50 });
+    });
+
+    const beforeClear = await page.evaluate(() => window.testMesh.instancesCount);
+    expect(beforeClear).toBe(100);
+
+    const afterClear = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      window.testMesh.clearInstances();
+      return window.testMesh.instancesCount;
+    });
+
+    expect(afterClear).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  test('should apply instance colors', async ({ page }) => {
+    const result = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const mesh = window.createTestMesh({ count: 5, spread: 10 });
+
+      // colorsTexture is lazily initialized - should be null before setting any colors
+      const hasTextureBeforeSet = mesh.colorsTexture !== null;
+
+      // Set different colors using Color objects (should not throw)
+      let setColorSuccess = false;
+      try {
+        const { Color } = window.THREE;
+        mesh.setColorAt(0, new Color(1, 0, 0)); // Red
+        mesh.setColorAt(1, new Color(0, 1, 0)); // Green
+        mesh.setColorAt(2, new Color(0, 0, 1)); // Blue
+        setColorSuccess = true;
+      } catch {
+        setColorSuccess = false;
+      }
+
+      // After setting colors, colorsTexture should exist
+      const hasTextureAfterSet = mesh.colorsTexture !== null;
+      const textureHasData = hasTextureAfterSet && mesh.colorsTexture._data.length > 0;
+
+      // Verify getColorAt doesn't throw
+      let getColorSuccess = false;
+      try {
+        mesh.getColorAt(0);
+        mesh.getColorAt(1);
+        mesh.getColorAt(2);
+        getColorSuccess = true;
+      } catch {
+        getColorSuccess = false;
+      }
+
+      return {
+        hasTextureBeforeSet,
+        hasTextureAfterSet,
+        textureHasData,
+        setColorSuccess,
+        getColorSuccess
+      };
+    });
+
+    // colorsTexture is lazily initialized - only created when setColorAt is called
+    expect(result.hasTextureBeforeSet).toBe(false);
+    expect(result.hasTextureAfterSet).toBe(true);
+    expect(result.textureHasData).toBe(true);
+    expect(result.setColorSuccess).toBe(true);
+    expect(result.getColorSuccess).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  test('should handle instance transformations', async ({ page }) => {
+    const transformApplied = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const mesh = window.createTestMesh({ count: 1, spread: 0, createEntities: true });
+      
+      const instance = mesh.instances[0];
+      instance.position.set(10, 20, 30);
+      instance.scale.set(2, 2, 2);
+      instance.updateMatrix();
+      
+      const pos = mesh.getPositionAt(0);
+      
+      return {
+        x: Math.abs(pos.x - 10) < 0.001,
+        y: Math.abs(pos.y - 20) < 0.001,
+        z: Math.abs(pos.z - 30) < 0.001
+      };
+    });
+
+    expect(transformApplied.x).toBe(true);
+    expect(transformApplied.y).toBe(true);
+    expect(transformApplied.z).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  test('should support capacity expansion', async ({ page }) => {
+    const expanded = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const { BoxGeometry, MeshBasicMaterial } = window.THREE;
+      const geometry = new BoxGeometry(1, 1, 1);
+      const material = new MeshBasicMaterial({ color: 0x00ff00 });
+      
+      const mesh = window.testHelpers.createMesh(geometry, material, 10);
+      window.testHelpers.addToScene(mesh);
+
+      const initialCapacity = mesh.capacity;
+
+      // Add more than capacity
+      mesh.addInstances(50, (obj, index) => {
+        obj.position.set(index, 0, 0);
+      });
+      
+      const finalCapacity = mesh.capacity;
+      
+      return {
+        initialCapacity,
+        finalCapacity,
+        instanceCount: mesh.instancesCount
+      };
+    });
+
+    expect(expanded.initialCapacity).toBe(10);
+    expect(expanded.finalCapacity).toBeGreaterThan(10);
+    expect(expanded.instanceCount).toBe(50);
+  });
+
+  test('should render with WebGL context', async ({ page }) => {
+    const hasWebGL = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const canvas = document.querySelector('canvas');
+      if (!canvas) return false;
+      
+      const gl = canvas.getContext('webgl2') || canvas.getContext('webgl');
+      return gl !== null;
+    });
+
+    expect(hasWebGL).toBe(true);
+  });
+});
+
+/**
+ * Rendering Pipeline Verification Tests
+ * 
+ * These tests verify the pipeline from internal state to GPU rendering,
+ * ensuring data is correctly uploaded and shaders are properly configured.
+ */
+test.describe('Rendering Pipeline Verification', () => {
+  test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
+    await setupScene(page);
+  });
+
+  test('should have matricesTexture available for shader', async ({ page }) => {
+    const result = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const mesh = window.createTestMesh({ count: 10, spread: 10 });
+      
+      // Force a render
+      window.renderer.render(window.scene, window.camera);
+      
+      // Verify the matricesTexture exists and has data for the shader
+      const hasMatricesTexture = mesh.matricesTexture !== null;
+      const matricesTextureHasData = hasMatricesTexture && mesh.matricesTexture._data.length > 0;
+      
+      // colorsTexture is lazily initialized - only exists after setColorAt is called
+      // So we don't expect it to exist without setting colors
+      const hasColorsTextureBeforeSet = mesh.colorsTexture !== null;
+      
+      // Set a color to initialize the colorsTexture
+      mesh.setColorAt(0, 0xff0000);
+      const hasColorsTextureAfterSet = mesh.colorsTexture !== null;
+      const colorsTextureHasData = hasColorsTextureAfterSet && mesh.colorsTexture._data.length > 0;
+      
+      // Verify the texture has the correct structure for shader binding
+      const textureWidth = mesh.matricesTexture?.image?.width ?? 0;
+      const textureHeight = mesh.matricesTexture?.image?.height ?? 0;
+      
+      return { 
+        hasMatricesTexture, 
+        matricesTextureHasData,
+        hasColorsTextureBeforeSet,
+        hasColorsTextureAfterSet,
+        colorsTextureHasData,
+        textureWidth,
+        textureHeight,
+        hasValidDimensions: textureWidth > 0 && textureHeight > 0
+      };
+    });
+    
+    expect(result.hasMatricesTexture).toBe(true);
+    expect(result.matricesTextureHasData).toBe(true);
+    // colorsTexture is lazily initialized
+    expect(result.hasColorsTextureBeforeSet).toBe(false);
+    expect(result.hasColorsTextureAfterSet).toBe(true);
+    expect(result.colorsTextureHasData).toBe(true);
+    expect(result.hasValidDimensions).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  test('should have instance index buffer after culling', async ({ page }) => {
+    const result = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const mesh = window.createTestMesh({ count: 5, spread: 10 });
+      mesh.performFrustumCulling(window.camera);
+      window.renderer.render(window.scene, window.camera);
+      
+      // Verify buffer exists and was created
+      const hasInstanceIndex = mesh.instanceIndex !== null;
+      const hasBuffer = hasInstanceIndex && mesh.instanceIndex.buffer !== null;
+      const bufferCount = mesh.count;
+      const cpuIndices = hasInstanceIndex 
+        ? Array.from(mesh.instanceIndex.array.slice(0, bufferCount))
+        : [];
+      
+      return { hasInstanceIndex, hasBuffer, bufferCount, cpuIndices };
+    });
+    
+    expect(result.hasInstanceIndex).toBe(true);
+    expect(result.hasBuffer).toBe(true);
+    expect(result.bufferCount).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    expect(result.cpuIndices.length).toBe(result.bufferCount);
+  });
+
+  test('should store correct transforms in matricesTexture', async ({ page }) => {
+    const result = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const { BoxGeometry, MeshBasicMaterial } = window.THREE;
+      
+      const geometry = new BoxGeometry(1, 1, 1);
+      const material = new MeshBasicMaterial({ color: 0x00ff00 });
+      const mesh = window.testHelpers.createMesh(geometry, material, 10);
+      
+      // Add instances with known positions
+      mesh.addInstances(3, (obj, index) => {
+        if (index === 0) obj.position.set(10, 0, 0);
+        if (index === 1) obj.position.set(0, 20, 0);
+        if (index === 2) obj.position.set(0, 0, 30);
+      });
+      
+      window.testHelpers.addToScene(mesh);
+      window.renderer.render(window.scene, window.camera);
+      
+      // Read back matrix data from texture
+      // Matrix is stored as 4 vec4s (16 floats) per instance
+      // Position is in the 4th column: indices 12, 13, 14 (x, y, z)
+      const data = mesh.matricesTexture._data;
+      const stride = 16; // 4x4 matrix = 16 floats
+      
+      const pos0 = [data[0 * stride + 12], data[0 * stride + 13], data[0 * stride + 14]];
+      const pos1 = [data[1 * stride + 12], data[1 * stride + 13], data[1 * stride + 14]];
+      const pos2 = [data[2 * stride + 12], data[2 * stride + 13], data[2 * stride + 14]];
+      
+      return { 
+        hasTexture: mesh.matricesTexture !== null,
+        pos0, 
+        pos1, 
+        pos2 
+      };
+    });
+    
+    expect(result.hasTexture).toBe(true);
+    expect(result.pos0).toEqual([10, 0, 0]);
+    expect(result.pos1).toEqual([0, 20, 0]);
+    expect(result.pos2).toEqual([0, 0, 30]);
+  });
+
+  test('should use correct geometry for each LOD level', async ({ page }) => {
+    const result = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const { SphereGeometry, BoxGeometry, MeshBasicMaterial } = window.THREE;
+      
+      const highGeo = new SphereGeometry(1, 32, 32);
+      const lowGeo = new BoxGeometry(1, 1, 1);
+      const material = new MeshBasicMaterial({ color: 0x00ff00 });
+      
+      const mesh = window.testHelpers.createMesh(highGeo, material);
+      mesh.addLOD(lowGeo, material, 50);
+      
+      mesh.addInstances(5, (obj) => {
+        obj.position.set(0, 0, -20); // All instances in front
+      });
+      
+      window.testHelpers.addToScene(mesh);
+      
+      // Get geometry vertex counts for verification
+      const lod0Geometry = mesh.LODinfo.objects[0].geometry;
+      const lod1Geometry = mesh.LODinfo.objects[1].geometry;
+      
+      const lod0VertexCount = lod0Geometry.attributes.position.count;
+      const lod1VertexCount = lod1Geometry.attributes.position.count;
+      
+      // Verify geometries are different objects
+      const geometriesAreDifferent = lod0Geometry !== lod1Geometry;
+      
+      return {
+        lod0VertexCount,
+        lod1VertexCount,
+        geometriesAreDifferent,
+        lod0HasMoreVerts: lod0VertexCount > lod1VertexCount
+      };
+    });
+    
+    expect(result.geometriesAreDifferent).toBe(true);
+    expect(result.lod0HasMoreVerts).toBe(true);
+    // Sphere (32x32) has ~500+ vertices, Box has 24
+    expect(result.lod0VertexCount).toBeGreaterThan(100);
+    expect(result.lod1VertexCount).toBeLessThan(50);
+  });
+
+  test('should store correct colors in colorsTexture', async ({ page }) => {
+    const result = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const { Color } = window.THREE;
+      const mesh = window.createTestMesh({ count: 3, spread: 10 });
+      
+      // Set distinct colors
+      mesh.setColorAt(0, new Color(1, 0, 0)); // Red
+      mesh.setColorAt(1, new Color(0, 1, 0)); // Green
+      mesh.setColorAt(2, new Color(0, 0, 1)); // Blue
+      
+      window.renderer.render(window.scene, window.camera);
+      
+      // Read back color data from texture
+      // Colors are stored as 4 floats per instance (RGBA)
+      const data = mesh.colorsTexture._data;
+      const stride = 4; // RGBA
+      
+      return {
+        hasTexture: mesh.colorsTexture !== null,
+        // Check R channel for red, G for green, B for blue
+        color0R: data[0 * stride + 0],
+        color1G: data[1 * stride + 1],
+        color2B: data[2 * stride + 2]
+      };
+    });
+    
+    expect(result.hasTexture).toBe(true);
+    // Colors should be close to 1.0 (may have slight precision differences)
+    expect(result.color0R).toBeGreaterThan(0.9);
+    expect(result.color1G).toBeGreaterThan(0.9);
+    expect(result.color2B).toBeGreaterThan(0.9);
+  });
+
+  test('should update texture data when instances change', async ({ page }) => {
+    const result = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const { BoxGeometry, MeshBasicMaterial, Matrix4 } = window.THREE;
+      
+      const geometry = new BoxGeometry(1, 1, 1);
+      const material = new MeshBasicMaterial({ color: 0x00ff00 });
+      const mesh = window.testHelpers.createMesh(geometry, material, 10);
+      
+      // Add instance with initial position
+      mesh.addInstances(1, (obj) => {
+        obj.position.set(5, 5, 5);
+      });
+      
+      window.testHelpers.addToScene(mesh);
+      window.renderer.render(window.scene, window.camera);
+      
+      const data = mesh.matricesTexture._data;
+      const initialPos = [data[12], data[13], data[14]];
+      
+      // Update position using setMatrixAt
+      const newMatrix = new Matrix4();
+      newMatrix.setPosition(100, 200, 300);
+      mesh.setMatrixAt(0, newMatrix);
+      window.renderer.render(window.scene, window.camera);
+      
+      const updatedPos = [data[12], data[13], data[14]];
+      
+      return {
+        initialPos,
+        updatedPos,
+        positionChanged: initialPos[0] !== updatedPos[0]
+      };
+    });
+    
+    expect(result.initialPos).toEqual([5, 5, 5]);
+    expect(result.updatedPos).toEqual([100, 200, 300]);
+    expect(result.positionChanged).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  test('should have correct instance indices after frustum culling', async ({ page }) => {
+    const result = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const { BoxGeometry, MeshBasicMaterial } = window.THREE;
+      
+      const geometry = new BoxGeometry(1, 1, 1);
+      const material = new MeshBasicMaterial({ color: 0x00ff00 });
+      const mesh = window.testHelpers.createMesh(geometry, material);
+      
+      // Camera at z=50 looking at origin
+      window.testHelpers.setupCamera({ x: 0, y: 0, z: 50 });
+      
+      // Create instances: some in view, some out
+      mesh.addInstances(6, (obj, index) => {
+        switch (index) {
+          case 0: obj.position.set(0, 0, 0); break;     // In view
+          case 1: obj.position.set(5, 0, 10); break;    // In view
+          case 2: obj.position.set(0, 0, 200); break;   // Behind camera - culled
+          case 3: obj.position.set(0, 0, 20); break;    // In view
+          case 4: obj.position.set(500, 0, 0); break;   // Far side - culled
+          case 5: obj.position.set(-5, 5, 0); break;    // In view
+        }
+      });
+      
+      window.testHelpers.addToScene(mesh);
+      
+      mesh.performFrustumCulling(window.camera);
+      window.renderer.render(window.scene, window.camera);
+      
+      const info = window.testHelpers.getRenderedInfo(mesh);
+      
+      return {
+        totalInstances: mesh.instancesCount,
+        renderedCount: info.count,
+        renderedIndices: [...info.ids].sort((a, b) => a - b)
+      };
+    });
+    
+    expect(result.totalInstances).toBe(6);
+    expect(result.renderedCount).toBe(4);
+    // Instances 0, 1, 3, 5 should be visible
+    expect(result.renderedIndices).toEqual([0, 1, 3, 5]);
+  });
+});
+
+/**
+ * Rendering Output Verification Tests
+ * 
+ * These tests verify that rendering ACTUALLY produces visible output,
+ * not just that CPU-side state is correct. Uses draw call verification
+ * and GL error checks to ensure rendering works end-to-end.
+ * 
+ * Note: Pixel readback tests are limited because the test fixture
+ * renderer doesn't use preserveDrawingBuffer. Instead, we verify
+ * rendering via draw call counts and triangles rendered.
+ */
+test.describe('Rendering Output Verification', () => {
+  test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
+    await setupScene(page);
+  });
+
+  test('should execute draw calls when rendering', async ({ page }) => {
+    const result = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const mesh = window.createTestMesh({ count: 10, spread: 10 });
+      window.renderer.info.reset();
+      
+      window.renderer.render(window.scene, window.camera);
+      
+      return {
+        drawCalls: window.renderer.info.render.calls,
+        triangles: window.renderer.info.render.triangles,
+        meshCount: mesh.count
+      };
+    });
+    
+    expect(result.drawCalls).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    expect(result.triangles).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    expect(result.meshCount).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+  });
+
+  test('should render more triangles with more instances', async ({ page }) => {
+    const result = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      // First render with few instances
+      const mesh1 = window.createTestMesh({ count: 5, spread: 10 });
+      window.renderer.info.reset();
+      window.renderer.render(window.scene, window.camera);
+      const triangles5 = window.renderer.info.render.triangles;
+      
+      // Clean up
+      window.scene.remove(mesh1);
+      
+      // Second render with more instances
+      const mesh2 = window.createTestMesh({ count: 50, spread: 10 });
+      window.renderer.info.reset();
+      window.renderer.render(window.scene, window.camera);
+      const triangles50 = window.renderer.info.render.triangles;
+      
+      return { triangles5, triangles50 };
+    });
+    
+    // More instances = more triangles rendered
+    expect(result.triangles50).toBeGreaterThan(result.triangles5);
+  });
+
+  test('should render zero triangles when all instances culled', async ({ page }) => {
+    const result = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const { BoxGeometry, MeshBasicMaterial, PerspectiveCamera } = window.THREE;
+      
+      // Clear scene
+      while (window.scene.children.length > 0) {
+        window.scene.remove(window.scene.children[0]);
+      }
+      
+      // Camera at origin looking at -Z
+      const camera = new PerspectiveCamera(75, 1, 0.1, 100);
+      camera.position.set(0, 0, 0);
+      camera.lookAt(0, 0, -1);
+      camera.updateMatrixWorld();
+      
+      const geometry = new BoxGeometry(1, 1, 1);
+      const material = new MeshBasicMaterial({ color: 0xff0000 });
+      const mesh = window.testHelpers.createMesh(geometry, material, 10);
+      
+      // All instances BEHIND camera (positive Z)
+      mesh.addInstances(10, (obj) => {
+        obj.position.set(0, 0, 100); // Behind camera
+      });
+      
+      window.testHelpers.addToScene(mesh);
+      
+      mesh.performFrustumCulling(camera);
+      window.renderer.info.reset();
+      window.renderer.render(window.scene, camera);
+      
+      return {
+        triangles: window.renderer.info.render.triangles,
+        meshCount: mesh.count,
+        instancesCount: mesh.instancesCount
+      };
+    });
+    
+    // All instances are behind camera, should be culled
+    expect(result.meshCount).toBe(0);
+    expect(result.triangles).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  test('should render triangles when instances in view', async ({ page }) => {
+    const result = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      const { BoxGeometry, MeshBasicMaterial, PerspectiveCamera } = window.THREE;
+      
+      // Clear scene
+      while (window.scene.children.length > 0) {
+        window.scene.remove(window.scene.children[0]);
+      }
+      
+      // Camera at origin looking at -Z
+      const camera = new PerspectiveCamera(75, 1, 0.1, 100);
+      camera.position.set(0, 0, 10);
+      camera.lookAt(0, 0, 0);
+      camera.updateMatrixWorld();
+      
+      const geometry = new BoxGeometry(1, 1, 1);
+      const material = new MeshBasicMaterial({ color: 0xff0000 });
+      const mesh = window.testHelpers.createMesh(geometry, material, 10);
+      
+      // All instances IN FRONT of camera
+      mesh.addInstances(10, (obj, index) => {
+        obj.position.set((index - 5) * 2, 0, 0); // Spread in view
+      });
+      
+      window.testHelpers.addToScene(mesh);
+      
+      mesh.performFrustumCulling(camera);
+      window.renderer.info.reset();
+      window.renderer.render(window.scene, camera);
+      
+      return {
+        triangles: window.renderer.info.render.triangles,
+        meshCount: mesh.count,
+        instancesCount: mesh.instancesCount
+      };
+    });
+    
+    // Instances in view should render triangles
+    expect(result.meshCount).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    expect(result.triangles).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    // Box has 12 triangles, so 10 boxes = 120 triangles
+    expect(result.triangles).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(result.meshCount * 12);
+  });
+
+  test('should render successfully without exceptions', async ({ page }) => {
+    const result = await page.evaluate(() => {
+      try {
+        // Use the standard createTestMesh which we know works
+        const mesh = window.createTestMesh({ count: 10, spread: 10 });
+        window.renderer.info.reset();
+        window.renderer.render(window.scene, window.camera);
+        
+        return { 
+          success: true,
+          meshCount: mesh.count,
+          triangles: window.renderer.info.render.triangles,
+          error: null
+        };
+      } catch (e) {
+        return {
+          success: false,
+          meshCount: 0,
+          triangles: 0,
+          error: (e as Error).message
+        };
+      }
+    });
+    
+    expect(result.success).toBe(true);
+    expect(result.error).toBeNull();
+    expect(result.meshCount).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    expect(result.triangles).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/tests/e2e/test-utils.ts b/tests/e2e/test-utils.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c7fb51e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/e2e/test-utils.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+/**
+ * Shared E2E test utilities
+ *
+ * Reduces code duplication across test files by providing
+ * common setup and helper functions.
+ */
+
+import type { Page } from '@playwright/test';
+
+/**
+ * Helper functions to be used inside page.evaluate()
+ * These are defined as strings to be injected into the browser context
+ */
+
+// Standard geometries and materials setup
+export const BROWSER_HELPERS = `
+  window.testHelpers = {
+    // Create standard geometries
+    createGeometries: () => {
+      const { BoxGeometry, SphereGeometry } = window.THREE;
+      return {
+        box: new BoxGeometry(1, 1, 1),
+        highSphere: new SphereGeometry(0.5, 32, 32),
+        midSphere: new SphereGeometry(0.5, 16, 16)
+      };
+    },
+
+    // Create standard material
+    createMaterial: (color = 0x00ff00) => {
+      const { MeshBasicMaterial } = window.THREE;
+      return new MeshBasicMaterial({ color });
+    },
+
+    // Create InstancedMesh2 with standard options
+    createMesh: (geometry, material, capacity = 100) => {
+      return new window.InstancedMesh2(geometry, material, {
+        capacity,
+        renderer: window.renderer
+      });
+    },
+
+    // Create a LOD-enabled mesh
+    createLODMesh: (lodDistance = 50, capacity = 100) => {
+      const { BoxGeometry, SphereGeometry, MeshBasicMaterial } = window.THREE;
+
+      const highGeometry = new SphereGeometry(0.5, 32, 32);
+      const lowGeometry = new BoxGeometry(1, 1, 1);
+      const material = new MeshBasicMaterial({ color: 0x00ff00 });
+
+      const mesh = new window.InstancedMesh2(highGeometry, material, {
+        capacity,
+        renderer: window.renderer
+      });
+
+      mesh.addLOD(lowGeometry, material, lodDistance);
+      return mesh;
+    },
+
+    // Create a 3-level LOD mesh
+    createMultiLODMesh: (midDistance = 30, farDistance = 60, capacity = 100) => {
+      const { BoxGeometry, SphereGeometry, MeshBasicMaterial } = window.THREE;
+
+      const highGeometry = new SphereGeometry(0.5, 32, 32);
+      const midGeometry = new SphereGeometry(0.5, 16, 16);
+      const lowGeometry = new BoxGeometry(1, 1, 1);
+      const material = new MeshBasicMaterial({ color: 0x00ff00 });
+
+      const mesh = new window.InstancedMesh2(highGeometry, material, {
+        capacity,
+        renderer: window.renderer
+      });
+
+      mesh.addLOD(midGeometry, material, midDistance);
+      mesh.addLOD(lowGeometry, material, farDistance);
+      return mesh;
+    },
+
+    // Setup camera at position looking at target
+    setupCamera: (position, target = { x: 0, y: 0, z: 0 }, options = {}) => {
+      const { fov = 75, near = 0.1, far = 1000 } = options;
+      window.camera.position.set(position.x, position.y, position.z);
+      window.camera.lookAt(target.x, target.y, target.z);
+      if (fov !== undefined) window.camera.fov = fov;
+      if (near !== undefined) window.camera.near = near;
+      if (far !== undefined) window.camera.far = far;
+      window.camera.updateProjectionMatrix();
+      window.camera.updateMatrixWorld();
+    },
+
+    // Extract LOD info from mesh
+    getLODInfo: (mesh, levelCount = 2) => {
+      const result = { counts: [], ids: [] };
+      for (let i = 0; i < levelCount; i++) {
+        const count = mesh.LODinfo.objects[i].count;
+        const ids = Array.from(mesh.LODinfo.objects[i].instanceIndex.array.slice(0, count));
+        result.counts.push(count);
+        result.ids.push(ids);
+      }
+      return result;
+    },
+
+    // Extract rendered instance info from mesh
+    getRenderedInfo: (mesh) => {
+      const count = mesh.count;
+      const ids = Array.from(mesh.instanceIndex.array.slice(0, count));
+      return { count, ids };
+    },
+
+    // Add mesh to scene and store reference
+    addToScene: (mesh) => {
+      window.scene.add(mesh);
+      window.testMesh = mesh;
+      return mesh;
+    }
+  };
+`;
+
+/**
+ * Initialize browser helpers in the page
+ */
+export async function initBrowserHelpers(page: Page): Promise<void> {
+  await page.evaluate(BROWSER_HELPERS);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Common test setup that injects helpers and waits for scene ready
+ */
+export async function setupTestScene(page: Page): Promise<void> {
+  await page.goto('/tests/fixtures/test-scene.html');
+  await page.waitForFunction(() => window.sceneReady === true);
+  await initBrowserHelpers(page);
+}
diff --git a/tests/features/bvh.test.ts b/tests/features/bvh.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d3c1b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/features/bvh.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,306 @@
+/**
+ * Tests for BVH Spatial Indexing feature
+ * 
+ * Validates:
+ * - computeBVH() creates valid structure
+ * - insert/move/delete operations update BVH correctly
+ * - intersectBox() finds correct instances
+ * - BVH integration with frustum culling
+ * - disposeBVH() cleanup
+ */
+
+import { describe, it, expect, beforeEach } from 'vitest';
+import { Box3, Matrix4, Vector3 } from 'three';
+import { createTestInstancedMesh } from '../setup';
+import { InstancedMesh2 } from '../../src/core/InstancedMesh2';
+
+describe('BVH Spatial Indexing', () => {
+  let mesh: InstancedMesh2;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    mesh = createTestInstancedMesh({ capacity: 100 });
+  });
+
+  describe('computeBVH', () => {
+    it('should create BVH structure', () => {
+      mesh.addInstances(10, (obj, index) => {
+        obj.position.set(index * 10, 0, 0);
+      });
+
+      mesh.computeBVH();
+
+      expect(mesh.bvh).not.toBeNull();
+    });
+
+    it('should create BVH with margin option', () => {
+      mesh.addInstances(10, (obj, index) => {
+        obj.position.set(index * 10, 0, 0);
+      });
+
+      mesh.computeBVH({ margin: 1 });
+
+      expect(mesh.bvh).not.toBeNull();
+      expect(mesh.bvh['_margin']).toBe(1);
+    });
+
+    it('should create BVH with getBBoxFromBSphere option', () => {
+      mesh.addInstances(10, (obj, index) => {
+        obj.position.set(index * 10, 0, 0);
+      });
+
+      mesh.computeBVH({ getBBoxFromBSphere: true });
+
+      expect(mesh.bvh).not.toBeNull();
+    });
+
+    it('should rebuild BVH when called multiple times', () => {
+      mesh.addInstances(5, (obj, index) => {
+        obj.position.set(index, 0, 0);
+      });
+
+      mesh.computeBVH();
+      const firstBVH = mesh.bvh;
+
+      mesh.addInstances(5, (obj, index) => {
+        obj.position.set(index + 100, 0, 0);
+      });
+
+      mesh.computeBVH();
+
+      expect(mesh.bvh).toBe(firstBVH); // Same BVH instance, rebuilt
+    });
+
+    it('should populate nodesMap with instance nodes', () => {
+      mesh.addInstances(5, (obj, index) => {
+        obj.position.set(index * 10, 0, 0);
+      });
+
+      mesh.computeBVH();
+
+      expect(mesh.bvh.nodesMap.size).toBe(5);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('disposeBVH', () => {
+    it('should set bvh to null', () => {
+      mesh.addInstances(5, (obj, index) => {
+        obj.position.set(index, 0, 0);
+      });
+      mesh.computeBVH();
+
+      mesh.disposeBVH();
+
+      expect(mesh.bvh).toBeNull();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('BVH insert', () => {
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      mesh.addInstances(5, (obj, index) => {
+        obj.position.set(index * 10, 0, 0);
+      });
+      mesh.computeBVH();
+    });
+
+    it('should insert new instances into BVH', () => {
+      const initialSize = mesh.bvh.nodesMap.size;
+
+      mesh.addInstances(3, (obj, index) => {
+        obj.position.set(index * 10 + 100, 0, 0);
+      });
+
+      expect(mesh.bvh.nodesMap.size).toBe(initialSize + 3);
+    });
+
+    it('should have node for each active instance', () => {
+      mesh.addInstances(2, (obj, index) => {
+        obj.position.set(200, 0, 0);
+      });
+
+      // Check that all active instances have nodes
+      for (let i = 0; i < mesh.instancesCount; i++) {
+        if (mesh.getActiveAt(i)) {
+          expect(mesh.bvh.nodesMap.has(i)).toBe(true);
+        }
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('BVH move', () => {
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      mesh.addInstances(5, (obj, index) => {
+        obj.position.set(index * 10, 0, 0);
+      });
+      mesh.computeBVH();
+    });
+
+    it('should update BVH when instance matrix changes', () => {
+      const node = mesh.bvh.nodesMap.get(0);
+      const originalBox = [...node.box];
+
+      // Move instance to new position
+      mesh.setMatrixAt(0, new Matrix4().setPosition(100, 100, 100));
+
+      // BVH node box should be updated
+      expect(node.box).not.toEqual(originalBox);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle move for non-existent node gracefully', () => {
+      expect(() => mesh.bvh.move(999)).not.toThrow();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('BVH delete', () => {
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      mesh.addInstances(5, (obj, index) => {
+        obj.position.set(index * 10, 0, 0);
+      });
+      mesh.computeBVH();
+    });
+
+    it('should remove node from BVH when instance removed', () => {
+      expect(mesh.bvh.nodesMap.has(2)).toBe(true);
+
+      mesh.removeInstances(2);
+
+      expect(mesh.bvh.nodesMap.has(2)).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('should decrease nodesMap size when instance removed', () => {
+      const initialSize = mesh.bvh.nodesMap.size;
+
+      mesh.removeInstances(0, 1);
+
+      expect(mesh.bvh.nodesMap.size).toBe(initialSize - 2);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle delete for non-existent node gracefully', () => {
+      expect(() => mesh.bvh.delete(999)).not.toThrow();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('BVH clear', () => {
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      mesh.addInstances(5, (obj, index) => {
+        obj.position.set(index * 10, 0, 0);
+      });
+      mesh.computeBVH();
+    });
+
+    it('should clear BVH when clearInstances called', () => {
+      mesh.clearInstances();
+
+      expect(mesh.bvh.nodesMap.size).toBe(0);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('intersectBox', () => {
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      // Create instances spread out in space
+      mesh.addInstances(9, (obj, index) => {
+        const x = (index % 3) * 20;
+        const y = Math.floor(index / 3) * 20;
+        obj.position.set(x, y, 0);
+      });
+      mesh.computeBVH();
+    });
+
+    it('should find instances within box', () => {
+      const box = new Box3(
+        new Vector3(-5, -5, -5),
+        new Vector3(25, 5, 5)
+      );
+
+      const found: number[] = [];
+      mesh.bvh.intersectBox(box, (index) => {
+        found.push(index);
+        return false; // Continue searching
+      });
+
+      // Should find instances at x=0, x=20 (y=0 row)
+      expect(found.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    });
+
+    it('should return true when intersection found and callback returns true', () => {
+      const box = new Box3(
+        new Vector3(-5, -5, -5),
+        new Vector3(5, 5, 5)
+      );
+
+      const result = mesh.bvh.intersectBox(box, () => true);
+
+      expect(result).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should return false when no intersection found', () => {
+      const box = new Box3(
+        new Vector3(1000, 1000, 1000),
+        new Vector3(1100, 1100, 1100)
+      );
+
+      const found: number[] = [];
+      const result = mesh.bvh.intersectBox(box, (index) => {
+        found.push(index);
+        return false;
+      });
+
+      expect(found.length).toBe(0);
+      expect(result).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('should stop early when callback returns true', () => {
+      const box = new Box3(
+        new Vector3(-100, -100, -100),
+        new Vector3(100, 100, 100)
+      );
+
+      let callCount = 0;
+      mesh.bvh.intersectBox(box, () => {
+        callCount++;
+        return true; // Stop after first hit
+      });
+
+      expect(callCount).toBe(1);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('BVH with frustum culling', () => {
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      mesh.addInstances(10, (obj, index) => {
+        obj.position.set(index * 10, 0, 0);
+      });
+      mesh.computeBVH();
+    });
+
+    it('should use BVH for culling when available', () => {
+      expect(mesh.bvh).not.toBeNull();
+      // The BVHCulling method should be used when bvh exists
+      // This is more thoroughly tested in e2e tests
+    });
+
+    it('should have accurateCulling enabled by default', () => {
+      expect(mesh.bvh.accurateCulling).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should allow disabling accurateCulling', () => {
+      mesh.disposeBVH();
+      mesh.computeBVH({ accurateCulling: false });
+
+      expect(mesh.bvh.accurateCulling).toBe(false);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('geoBoundingBox', () => {
+    it('should store geometry bounding box', () => {
+      mesh.addInstances(5, (obj, index) => {
+        obj.position.set(index, 0, 0);
+      });
+      mesh.computeBVH();
+
+      expect(mesh.bvh.geoBoundingBox).not.toBeNull();
+      expect(mesh.bvh.geoBoundingBox.min).toBeDefined();
+      expect(mesh.bvh.geoBoundingBox.max).toBeDefined();
+    });
+  });
+});
+
diff --git a/tests/features/dynamic-capacity.test.ts b/tests/features/dynamic-capacity.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d8ae33c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/features/dynamic-capacity.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,260 @@
+/**
+ * Tests for Dynamic Capacity feature
+ * 
+ * Validates:
+ * - Adding instances up to and beyond capacity
+ * - Auto-expanding buffers when capacity exceeded
+ * - Removing instances by ID
+ * - Clearing all instances
+ * - Reusing freed instance slots
+ */
+
+import { describe, it, expect, beforeEach } from 'vitest';
+import { createTestInstancedMesh, createTestInstancedMeshWithEntities } from '../setup';
+import { InstancedMesh2 } from '../../src/core/InstancedMesh2';
+
+describe('Dynamic Capacity', () => {
+  let mesh: InstancedMesh2;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    mesh = createTestInstancedMesh({ capacity: 10 });
+  });
+
+  describe('addInstances', () => {
+    it('should add instances within capacity', () => {
+      mesh.addInstances(5, (obj, index) => {
+        obj.position.set(index, 0, 0);
+      });
+
+      expect(mesh.instancesCount).toBe(5);
+      expect(mesh.capacity).toBe(10);
+    });
+
+    it('should add instances up to exact capacity', () => {
+      mesh.addInstances(10, (obj, index) => {
+        obj.position.set(index, 0, 0);
+      });
+
+      expect(mesh.instancesCount).toBe(10);
+      expect(mesh.capacity).toBe(10);
+    });
+
+    it('should auto-expand buffer when exceeding capacity', () => {
+      mesh.addInstances(15, (obj, index) => {
+        obj.position.set(index, 0, 0);
+      });
+
+      expect(mesh.instancesCount).toBe(15);
+      expect(mesh.capacity).toBeGreaterThan(10);
+    });
+
+    it('should set identity matrix when no callback provided', () => {
+      mesh.addInstances(3);
+
+      expect(mesh.instancesCount).toBe(3);
+      
+      // Check that matrices are identity
+      const matrix = mesh.getMatrixAt(0);
+      expect(matrix.elements[0]).toBe(1);
+      expect(matrix.elements[5]).toBe(1);
+      expect(matrix.elements[10]).toBe(1);
+      expect(matrix.elements[15]).toBe(1);
+    });
+
+    it('should call onCreation callback with correct index', () => {
+      const indices: number[] = [];
+      
+      mesh.addInstances(5, (obj, index) => {
+        indices.push(index);
+      });
+
+      expect(indices).toEqual([0, 1, 2, 3, 4]);
+    });
+
+    it('should allow setting position in callback', () => {
+      mesh.addInstances(3, (obj, index) => {
+        obj.position.set(index * 10, index * 20, index * 30);
+      });
+
+      const pos0 = mesh.getPositionAt(0);
+      expect(pos0.x).toBe(0);
+      expect(pos0.y).toBe(0);
+      expect(pos0.z).toBe(0);
+
+      const pos2 = mesh.getPositionAt(2);
+      expect(pos2.x).toBe(20);
+      expect(pos2.y).toBe(40);
+      expect(pos2.z).toBe(60);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('removeInstances', () => {
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      mesh.addInstances(5, (obj, index) => {
+        obj.position.set(index, 0, 0);
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should remove a single instance by ID', () => {
+      mesh.removeInstances(2);
+
+      expect(mesh.instancesCount).toBe(4);
+      expect(mesh.getActiveAt(2)).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('should remove multiple instances', () => {
+      mesh.removeInstances(1, 3);
+
+      expect(mesh.instancesCount).toBe(3);
+      expect(mesh.getActiveAt(1)).toBe(false);
+      expect(mesh.getActiveAt(3)).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('should not throw when removing non-existent instance', () => {
+      expect(() => mesh.removeInstances(99)).not.toThrow();
+      expect(mesh.instancesCount).toBe(5);
+    });
+
+    it('should not remove already removed instance', () => {
+      mesh.removeInstances(2);
+      mesh.removeInstances(2);
+
+      expect(mesh.instancesCount).toBe(4);
+    });
+
+    it('should keep other instances active after removal', () => {
+      mesh.removeInstances(2);
+
+      expect(mesh.getActiveAt(0)).toBe(true);
+      expect(mesh.getActiveAt(1)).toBe(true);
+      expect(mesh.getActiveAt(3)).toBe(true);
+      expect(mesh.getActiveAt(4)).toBe(true);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('clearInstances', () => {
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      mesh.addInstances(5, (obj, index) => {
+        obj.position.set(index, 0, 0);
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should remove all instances', () => {
+      mesh.clearInstances();
+
+      expect(mesh.instancesCount).toBe(0);
+    });
+
+    it('should allow adding new instances after clearing', () => {
+      mesh.clearInstances();
+      mesh.addInstances(3, (obj, index) => {
+        obj.position.set(index, 0, 0);
+      });
+
+      expect(mesh.instancesCount).toBe(3);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('slot reuse', () => {
+    it('should reuse freed slots when adding new instances', () => {
+      mesh.addInstances(5, (obj, index) => {
+        obj.position.set(index * 100, 0, 0);
+      });
+      
+      // Remove instance at index 2
+      mesh.removeInstances(2);
+      expect(mesh.instancesCount).toBe(4);
+
+      // Add a new instance - should reuse slot 2
+      mesh.addInstances(1, (obj, index) => {
+        obj.position.set(999, 0, 0);
+      });
+
+      expect(mesh.instancesCount).toBe(5);
+      
+      // The new instance should be at the freed slot
+      const pos = mesh.getPositionAt(2);
+      expect(pos.x).toBe(999);
+    });
+
+    it('should reuse multiple freed slots', () => {
+      mesh.addInstances(5);
+      mesh.removeInstances(1, 3);
+      expect(mesh.instancesCount).toBe(3);
+
+      mesh.addInstances(2);
+      expect(mesh.instancesCount).toBe(5);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('resizeBuffers', () => {
+    it('should increase capacity', () => {
+      mesh.resizeBuffers(50);
+
+      expect(mesh.capacity).toBe(50);
+    });
+
+    it('should preserve existing instances when expanding', () => {
+      mesh.addInstances(5, (obj, index) => {
+        obj.position.set(index * 10, 0, 0);
+      });
+      
+      mesh.resizeBuffers(50);
+
+      expect(mesh.instancesCount).toBe(5);
+      
+      const pos2 = mesh.getPositionAt(2);
+      expect(pos2.x).toBe(20);
+    });
+
+    it('should allow reducing capacity', () => {
+      mesh.addInstances(3);
+      mesh.resizeBuffers(5);
+
+      expect(mesh.capacity).toBe(5);
+      expect(mesh.instancesCount).toBe(3);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('with entities enabled', () => {
+    let meshWithEntities: InstancedMesh2;
+
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      meshWithEntities = createTestInstancedMeshWithEntities(10);
+    });
+
+    it('should create entity objects when adding instances', () => {
+      meshWithEntities.addInstances(5, (obj, index) => {
+        obj.position.set(index, 0, 0);
+      });
+
+      expect(meshWithEntities.instances).not.toBeNull();
+      expect(meshWithEntities.instances.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(5);
+    });
+
+    it('should allow accessing instances array', () => {
+      meshWithEntities.addInstances(3, (obj, index) => {
+        obj.position.set(index * 10, 0, 0);
+      });
+
+      const instance = meshWithEntities.instances[1];
+      expect(instance.position.x).toBe(10);
+    });
+
+    it('should update entity when using instances array', () => {
+      meshWithEntities.addInstances(3, (obj, index) => {
+        obj.position.set(0, 0, 0);
+      });
+
+      const instance = meshWithEntities.instances[0];
+      instance.position.set(100, 200, 300);
+      instance.updateMatrix();
+
+      const pos = meshWithEntities.getPositionAt(0);
+      expect(pos.x).toBe(100);
+      expect(pos.y).toBe(200);
+      expect(pos.z).toBe(300);
+    });
+  });
+});
+
diff --git a/tests/features/frustum-culling.test.ts b/tests/features/frustum-culling.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2785e36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/features/frustum-culling.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,231 @@
+/**
+ * Tests for Per-instance Frustum Culling feature
+ * 
+ * Validates:
+ * - perObjectFrustumCulled property toggle
+ * - Index array updates based on visibility
+ * - onFrustumEnter callback behavior
+ * - Integration with visibility state
+ * 
+ * Note: Full frustum intersection tests are in e2e/frustum-culling.spec.ts
+ * since they require a real camera and WebGL context.
+ */
+
+import { describe, it, expect, beforeEach, vi } from 'vitest';
+import { PerspectiveCamera } from 'three';
+import { createTestInstancedMesh } from '../setup';
+import { InstancedMesh2 } from '../../src/core/InstancedMesh2';
+
+describe('Frustum Culling', () => {
+  let mesh: InstancedMesh2;
+  let camera: PerspectiveCamera;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    mesh = createTestInstancedMesh({ capacity: 100 });
+    camera = new PerspectiveCamera(75, 1, 0.1, 1000);
+    camera.position.set(0, 0, 10);
+    camera.lookAt(0, 0, 0);
+    camera.updateMatrixWorld();
+  });
+
+  describe('perObjectFrustumCulled property', () => {
+    it('should default to true', () => {
+      expect(mesh.perObjectFrustumCulled).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should be settable to false', () => {
+      mesh.perObjectFrustumCulled = false;
+      expect(mesh.perObjectFrustumCulled).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('should mark index array for update when changed', () => {
+      mesh.addInstances(5);
+      mesh.perObjectFrustumCulled = false;
+      expect(mesh['_indexArrayNeedsUpdate']).toBe(true);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('updateIndexArray', () => {
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      mesh.addInstances(5, (obj, index) => {
+        obj.position.set(index, 0, 0);
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should include all visible and active instances', () => {
+      mesh['_indexArrayNeedsUpdate'] = true;
+      mesh.updateIndexArray();
+
+      expect(mesh.count).toBe(5);
+    });
+
+    it('should exclude hidden instances', () => {
+      mesh.setVisibilityAt(2, false);
+      mesh['_indexArrayNeedsUpdate'] = true;
+      mesh.updateIndexArray();
+
+      expect(mesh.count).toBe(4);
+    });
+
+    it('should exclude removed instances', () => {
+      mesh.removeInstances(1, 3);
+      mesh['_indexArrayNeedsUpdate'] = true;
+      mesh.updateIndexArray();
+
+      expect(mesh.count).toBe(3);
+    });
+
+    it('should not update if flag is false', () => {
+      mesh['_indexArrayNeedsUpdate'] = false;
+      const originalCount = mesh.count;
+      mesh.setVisibilityAt(0, false);
+      mesh['_indexArrayNeedsUpdate'] = false; // Reset flag
+      mesh.updateIndexArray();
+
+      // Count should not change since flag was false
+      expect(mesh.count).toBe(originalCount);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('performFrustumCulling', () => {
+    it('should set count to 0 when no instances exist', () => {
+      mesh.performFrustumCulling(camera);
+      expect(mesh.count).toBe(0);
+    });
+
+    it('should process instances when they exist', () => {
+      mesh.addInstances(5, (obj, index) => {
+        obj.position.set(0, 0, 0); // All at origin, in front of camera
+      });
+
+      mesh.perObjectFrustumCulled = false;
+      mesh.performFrustumCulling(camera);
+
+      expect(mesh.count).toBe(5);
+    });
+
+    it('should respect visibility when culling is disabled', () => {
+      mesh.addInstances(5, (obj, index) => {
+        obj.position.set(0, 0, 0);
+      });
+      mesh.setVisibilityAt(2, false);
+
+      mesh.perObjectFrustumCulled = false;
+      mesh.performFrustumCulling(camera);
+
+      expect(mesh.count).toBe(4);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('onFrustumEnter callback', () => {
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      mesh.addInstances(5, (obj, index) => {
+        obj.position.set(0, 0, 0);
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should allow setting onFrustumEnter callback', () => {
+      const callback = vi.fn(() => true);
+      mesh.onFrustumEnter = callback;
+
+      expect(mesh.onFrustumEnter).toBe(callback);
+    });
+
+    it('should be called during linear culling when set', () => {
+      const callback = vi.fn(() => true);
+      mesh.onFrustumEnter = callback;
+
+      // Trigger linear culling (no BVH)
+      mesh.linearCulling(camera);
+
+      // Callback should be invoked for each visible instance in frustum
+      expect(callback).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should filter instances when callback returns false', () => {
+      // Only allow even indices
+      mesh.onFrustumEnter = (index) => index % 2 === 0;
+
+      mesh.linearCulling(camera);
+
+      // Only indices 0, 2, 4 should pass (3 instances)
+      expect(mesh.count).toBe(3);
+    });
+
+    it('should receive correct parameters', () => {
+      const callback = vi.fn(() => true);
+      mesh.onFrustumEnter = callback;
+
+      mesh.linearCulling(camera);
+
+      // First call should have index and camera
+      expect(callback).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.any(Number),
+        camera
+      );
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('autoUpdate property', () => {
+    it('should default to true', () => {
+      expect(mesh.autoUpdate).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should be settable', () => {
+      mesh.autoUpdate = false;
+      expect(mesh.autoUpdate).toBe(false);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('raycastOnlyFrustum property', () => {
+    it('should default to false', () => {
+      expect(mesh.raycastOnlyFrustum).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('should be settable', () => {
+      mesh.raycastOnlyFrustum = true;
+      expect(mesh.raycastOnlyFrustum).toBe(true);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('integration with visibility', () => {
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      mesh.addInstances(10, (obj, index) => {
+        obj.position.set(0, 0, 0);
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should skip culling for hidden instances', () => {
+      // Hide half the instances
+      for (let i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+        mesh.setVisibilityAt(i, false);
+      }
+
+      mesh.perObjectFrustumCulled = false;
+      mesh.performFrustumCulling(camera);
+
+      expect(mesh.count).toBe(5);
+    });
+
+    it('should skip culling for removed instances', () => {
+      mesh.removeInstances(0, 1, 2);
+
+      mesh.perObjectFrustumCulled = false;
+      mesh.performFrustumCulling(camera);
+
+      expect(mesh.count).toBe(7);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle mixed visibility and removal', () => {
+      mesh.removeInstances(0, 1);
+      mesh.setVisibilityAt(5, false);
+      mesh.setVisibilityAt(6, false);
+
+      mesh.perObjectFrustumCulled = false;
+      mesh.performFrustumCulling(camera);
+
+      expect(mesh.count).toBe(6);
+    });
+  });
+});
+
diff --git a/tests/features/lod.test.ts b/tests/features/lod.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af09562
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/features/lod.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,286 @@
+/**
+ * Tests for Level of Detail (LOD) feature
+ *
+ * Validates:
+ * - addLOD() registers levels correctly
+ * - setFirstLODDistance() configuration
+ * - addShadowLOD() for shadow-specific LODs
+ * - getObjectLODIndexForDistance() returns correct level
+ * - LOD level sorting and distance thresholds
+ *
+ * Note: Actual distance-based rendering tests are in e2e/lod-switching.spec.ts
+ */
+
+import { describe, it, expect, beforeEach } from 'vitest';
+import { BoxGeometry, MeshBasicMaterial, SphereGeometry } from 'three';
+import { createTestInstancedMesh } from '../setup';
+import { InstancedMesh2 } from '../../src/core/InstancedMesh2';
+
+describe('Level of Detail (LOD)', () => {
+  let mesh: InstancedMesh2;
+  let lowPolyGeometry: BoxGeometry;
+  let midPolyGeometry: SphereGeometry;
+  let material: MeshBasicMaterial;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    mesh = createTestInstancedMesh({ capacity: 100 });
+    lowPolyGeometry = new BoxGeometry(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1);
+    midPolyGeometry = new SphereGeometry(0.5, 8, 8);
+    material = new MeshBasicMaterial({ color: 0x00ff00 });
+  });
+
+  describe('setFirstLODDistance', () => {
+    it('should initialize LODinfo structure', () => {
+      mesh.setFirstLODDistance(0, 0);
+
+      expect(mesh.LODinfo).not.toBeNull();
+      expect(mesh.LODinfo.render).not.toBeNull();
+      expect(mesh.LODinfo.render.levels).toHaveLength(1);
+    });
+
+    it('should set first LOD with default values', () => {
+      mesh.setFirstLODDistance(0);
+
+      const firstLevel = mesh.LODinfo.render.levels[0];
+      expect(firstLevel.distance).toBe(0);
+      expect(firstLevel.hysteresis).toBe(0);
+      expect(firstLevel.object).toBe(mesh);
+    });
+
+    it('should set first LOD with custom distance', () => {
+      mesh.setFirstLODDistance(100);
+
+      const firstLevel = mesh.LODinfo.render.levels[0];
+      expect(firstLevel.distance).toBe(100);
+      // Note: hysteresis is always 0 at first level, as per implementation
+      expect(firstLevel.hysteresis).toBe(0);
+    });
+
+    it('should be chainable', () => {
+      const result = mesh.setFirstLODDistance();
+      expect(result).toBe(mesh);
+    });
+
+    it('should include mesh in objects list', () => {
+      mesh.setFirstLODDistance();
+
+      expect(mesh.LODinfo.objects).toContain(mesh);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('addLOD', () => {
+    it('should add LOD level with specified distance', () => {
+      mesh.addLOD(lowPolyGeometry, material, 50);
+
+      expect(mesh.LODinfo.render.levels).toHaveLength(2);
+    });
+
+    it('should throw when adding LOD at distance 0 without setFirstLODDistance', () => {
+      expect(() => mesh.addLOD(lowPolyGeometry, material, 0)).toThrow();
+    });
+
+    it('should store squared distance internally', () => {
+      mesh.addLOD(lowPolyGeometry, material, 10);
+
+      // Distance is squared: 10^2 = 100
+      const lodLevel = mesh.LODinfo.render.levels[1];
+      expect(lodLevel.distance).toBe(100);
+    });
+
+    it('should add multiple LOD levels in correct order', () => {
+      mesh.addLOD(midPolyGeometry, material, 50);
+      mesh.addLOD(lowPolyGeometry, material, 100);
+
+      const levels = mesh.LODinfo.render.levels;
+      expect(levels).toHaveLength(3);
+
+      // Levels should be sorted by distance (ascending, squared)
+      expect(levels[0].distance).toBe(0);
+      expect(levels[1].distance).toBe(2500); // 50^2
+      expect(levels[2].distance).toBe(10000); // 100^2
+    });
+
+    it('should create new InstancedMesh2 for each LOD geometry', () => {
+      mesh.addLOD(lowPolyGeometry, material, 50);
+      mesh.addLOD(midPolyGeometry, material, 100);
+
+      expect(mesh.LODinfo.objects).toHaveLength(3);
+    });
+
+    it('should reuse existing InstancedMesh2 for same geometry', () => {
+      mesh.addLOD(lowPolyGeometry, material, 50);
+      mesh.addLOD(lowPolyGeometry, material, 100);
+
+      // Should only create one additional object for lowPolyGeometry
+      expect(mesh.LODinfo.objects).toHaveLength(2);
+    });
+
+    it('should set hysteresis value', () => {
+      mesh.addLOD(lowPolyGeometry, material, 50, 0.2);
+
+      const lodLevel = mesh.LODinfo.render.levels[1];
+      expect(lodLevel.hysteresis).toBe(0.2);
+    });
+
+    it('should be chainable', () => {
+      const result = mesh.addLOD(lowPolyGeometry, material, 50);
+      expect(result).toBe(mesh);
+    });
+
+    it('should add LOD objects as children', () => {
+      mesh.addLOD(lowPolyGeometry, material, 50);
+
+      expect(mesh.children.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('addShadowLOD', () => {
+    it('should create shadow render list', () => {
+      mesh.addShadowLOD(lowPolyGeometry, 0);
+
+      expect(mesh.LODinfo.shadowRender).not.toBeNull();
+      expect(mesh.LODinfo.shadowRender.levels).toHaveLength(1);
+    });
+
+    it('should enable castShadow on mesh', () => {
+      mesh.addShadowLOD(lowPolyGeometry, 0);
+
+      expect(mesh.castShadow).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should add multiple shadow LOD levels', () => {
+      mesh.addShadowLOD(midPolyGeometry, 0);
+      mesh.addShadowLOD(lowPolyGeometry, 100);
+
+      expect(mesh.LODinfo.shadowRender.levels).toHaveLength(2);
+    });
+
+    it('should be chainable', () => {
+      const result = mesh.addShadowLOD(lowPolyGeometry, 50);
+      expect(result).toBe(mesh);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('getObjectLODIndexForDistance', () => {
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      mesh.setFirstLODDistance(0);
+      mesh.addLOD(midPolyGeometry, material, 50);
+      mesh.addLOD(lowPolyGeometry, material, 100);
+    });
+
+    it('should return 0 for distance below first threshold', () => {
+      const levels = mesh.LODinfo.render.levels;
+      const index = mesh.getObjectLODIndexForDistance(levels, 100); // sqrt(100) = 10
+
+      expect(index).toBe(0);
+    });
+
+    it('should return correct index for mid-range distance', () => {
+      const levels = mesh.LODinfo.render.levels;
+      // 50^2 = 2500, need distance >= 2500 for index 1
+      const index = mesh.getObjectLODIndexForDistance(levels, 3000);
+
+      expect(index).toBe(1);
+    });
+
+    it('should return last index for distance beyond all thresholds', () => {
+      const levels = mesh.LODinfo.render.levels;
+      // 100^2 = 10000, need distance >= 10000 for index 2
+      const index = mesh.getObjectLODIndexForDistance(levels, 15000);
+
+      expect(index).toBe(2);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle exact threshold distance', () => {
+      const levels = mesh.LODinfo.render.levels;
+      // Exactly at threshold (2500 = 50^2)
+      const index = mesh.getObjectLODIndexForDistance(levels, 2500);
+
+      expect(index).toBe(1);
+    });
+
+    it('should account for hysteresis in distance calculation', () => {
+      // Create new mesh with hysteresis
+      const meshWithHysteresis = createTestInstancedMesh({ capacity: 100 });
+      meshWithHysteresis.setFirstLODDistance(0);
+      meshWithHysteresis.addLOD(lowPolyGeometry, material, 100, 0.1); // 10% hysteresis
+
+      const levels = meshWithHysteresis.LODinfo.render.levels;
+      // Distance threshold is 100^2 = 10000
+      // With 10% hysteresis: 10000 - (10000 * 0.1) = 9000
+
+      // At 9000, should still be level 1 (hysteresis reduces threshold)
+      const indexAtHysteresis = meshWithHysteresis.getObjectLODIndexForDistance(levels, 9000);
+      expect(indexAtHysteresis).toBe(1);
+
+      // Below hysteresis threshold, should be level 0
+      const indexBelowHysteresis = meshWithHysteresis.getObjectLODIndexForDistance(levels, 8000);
+      expect(indexBelowHysteresis).toBe(0);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('LOD count tracking', () => {
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      mesh.setFirstLODDistance(0);
+      mesh.addLOD(lowPolyGeometry, material, 50);
+    });
+
+    it('should initialize count array', () => {
+      expect(mesh.LODinfo.render.count).toHaveLength(2);
+    });
+
+    it('should have count array match levels array length', () => {
+      mesh.addLOD(midPolyGeometry, material, 100);
+
+      expect(mesh.LODinfo.render.count.length).toBe(
+        mesh.LODinfo.render.levels.length
+      );
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('LOD texture sharing', () => {
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      mesh.addInstances(5, (obj, index) => {
+        obj.position.set(index, 0, 0);
+      });
+      mesh.addLOD(lowPolyGeometry, material, 50);
+    });
+
+    it('should share matricesTexture with child LOD objects', () => {
+      const lodObject = mesh.LODinfo.objects[1];
+
+      expect(lodObject.matricesTexture).toBe(mesh.matricesTexture);
+    });
+
+    it('should share colorsTexture with child LOD objects', () => {
+      // Initialize colors texture
+      mesh.setColorAt(0, 0xff0000);
+
+      const lodObject = mesh.LODinfo.objects[1];
+      expect(lodObject.colorsTexture).toBe(mesh.colorsTexture);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('error handling', () => {
+    it('should throw when creating LOD on child LOD object', () => {
+      mesh.addLOD(lowPolyGeometry, material, 50);
+      const lodChild = mesh.LODinfo.objects[1];
+
+      expect(() => lodChild.addLOD(midPolyGeometry, material, 100)).toThrow();
+    });
+
+    it('should throw when setting first LOD distance on child', () => {
+      mesh.addLOD(lowPolyGeometry, material, 50);
+      const lodChild = mesh.LODinfo.objects[1];
+
+      expect(() => lodChild.setFirstLODDistance(0)).toThrow();
+    });
+
+    it('should throw when adding shadow LOD on child', () => {
+      mesh.addLOD(lowPolyGeometry, material, 50);
+      const lodChild = mesh.LODinfo.objects[1];
+
+      expect(() => lodChild.addShadowLOD(midPolyGeometry)).toThrow();
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/tests/features/sorting.test.ts b/tests/features/sorting.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ebf9f54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/features/sorting.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+/**
+ * Tests for Sorting feature
+ * 
+ * Validates:
+ * - sortObjects property toggle
+ * - sortOpaque comparator (front-to-back)
+ * - sortTransparent comparator (back-to-front)
+ * - createRadixSort optimization
+ * - customSort callback integration
+ */
+
+import { describe, it, expect, beforeEach, vi } from 'vitest';
+import { MeshBasicMaterial } from 'three';
+import { createTestInstancedMesh } from '../setup';
+import { InstancedMesh2 } from '../../src/core/InstancedMesh2';
+import { createRadixSort, sortOpaque, sortTransparent } from '../../src/utils/SortingUtils';
+import { InstancedRenderItem } from '../../src/core/utils/InstancedRenderList';
+
+describe('Sorting', () => {
+  let mesh: InstancedMesh2;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    mesh = createTestInstancedMesh({ capacity: 100 });
+  });
+
+  describe('sortObjects property', () => {
+    it('should default to false', () => {
+      expect(mesh.sortObjects).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('should be settable to true', () => {
+      mesh.sortObjects = true;
+      expect(mesh.sortObjects).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should mark index array for update when changed', () => {
+      mesh.addInstances(5);
+      mesh.sortObjects = true;
+      expect(mesh['_indexArrayNeedsUpdate']).toBe(true);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('sortOpaque', () => {
+    it('should sort front-to-back (smaller depth first)', () => {
+      const items: InstancedRenderItem[] = [
+        { depth: 100, depthSort: 0, index: 0 },
+        { depth: 50, depthSort: 0, index: 1 },
+        { depth: 200, depthSort: 0, index: 2 },
+        { depth: 10, depthSort: 0, index: 3 },
+      ];
+
+      items.sort(sortOpaque);
+
+      expect(items.map(i => i.depth)).toEqual([10, 50, 100, 200]);
+    });
+
+    it('should return negative when a.depth < b.depth', () => {
+      const a: InstancedRenderItem = { depth: 10, depthSort: 0, index: 0 };
+      const b: InstancedRenderItem = { depth: 20, depthSort: 0, index: 1 };
+
+      expect(sortOpaque(a, b)).toBeLessThan(0);
+    });
+
+    it('should return positive when a.depth > b.depth', () => {
+      const a: InstancedRenderItem = { depth: 30, depthSort: 0, index: 0 };
+      const b: InstancedRenderItem = { depth: 20, depthSort: 0, index: 1 };
+
+      expect(sortOpaque(a, b)).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    });
+
+    it('should return 0 when depths are equal', () => {
+      const a: InstancedRenderItem = { depth: 50, depthSort: 0, index: 0 };
+      const b: InstancedRenderItem = { depth: 50, depthSort: 0, index: 1 };
+
+      expect(sortOpaque(a, b)).toBe(0);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('sortTransparent', () => {
+    it('should sort back-to-front (larger depth first)', () => {
+      const items: InstancedRenderItem[] = [
+        { depth: 100, depthSort: 0, index: 0 },
+        { depth: 50, depthSort: 0, index: 1 },
+        { depth: 200, depthSort: 0, index: 2 },
+        { depth: 10, depthSort: 0, index: 3 },
+      ];
+
+      items.sort(sortTransparent);
+
+      expect(items.map(i => i.depth)).toEqual([200, 100, 50, 10]);
+    });
+
+    it('should return positive when a.depth < b.depth', () => {
+      const a: InstancedRenderItem = { depth: 10, depthSort: 0, index: 0 };
+      const b: InstancedRenderItem = { depth: 20, depthSort: 0, index: 1 };
+
+      expect(sortTransparent(a, b)).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    });
+
+    it('should return negative when a.depth > b.depth', () => {
+      const a: InstancedRenderItem = { depth: 30, depthSort: 0, index: 0 };
+      const b: InstancedRenderItem = { depth: 20, depthSort: 0, index: 1 };
+
+      expect(sortTransparent(a, b)).toBeLessThan(0);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('createRadixSort', () => {
+    it('should create a radix sort function', () => {
+      const sortFn = createRadixSort(mesh);
+
+      expect(typeof sortFn).toBe('function');
+    });
+
+    it('should sort items by depthSort value', () => {
+      const sortFn = createRadixSort(mesh);
+      
+      const items: InstancedRenderItem[] = [
+        { depth: 100, depthSort: 0, index: 0 },
+        { depth: 50, depthSort: 0, index: 1 },
+        { depth: 200, depthSort: 0, index: 2 },
+      ];
+
+      sortFn(items);
+
+      // After sorting, items should be ordered by depth (which determines depthSort)
+      const depths = items.map(i => i.depth);
+      expect(depths[0]).toBeLessThanOrEqual(depths[1]);
+      expect(depths[1]).toBeLessThanOrEqual(depths[2]);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle empty array', () => {
+      const sortFn = createRadixSort(mesh);
+      const items: InstancedRenderItem[] = [];
+
+      expect(() => sortFn(items)).not.toThrow();
+    });
+
+    it('should handle single item array', () => {
+      const sortFn = createRadixSort(mesh);
+      const items: InstancedRenderItem[] = [
+        { depth: 100, depthSort: 0, index: 0 },
+      ];
+
+      expect(() => sortFn(items)).not.toThrow();
+      expect(items).toHaveLength(1);
+    });
+
+    it('should reverse order for transparent materials', () => {
+      const transparentMaterial = new MeshBasicMaterial({ 
+        transparent: true, 
+        opacity: 0.5 
+      });
+      mesh.material = transparentMaterial;
+      
+      const sortFn = createRadixSort(mesh);
+      
+      const items: InstancedRenderItem[] = [
+        { depth: 50, depthSort: 0, index: 0 },
+        { depth: 100, depthSort: 0, index: 1 },
+        { depth: 25, depthSort: 0, index: 2 },
+      ];
+
+      sortFn(items);
+
+      // For transparent, should be back-to-front (largest depth first)
+      const depths = items.map(i => i.depth);
+      expect(depths[0]).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(depths[1]);
+      expect(depths[1]).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(depths[2]);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('customSort property', () => {
+    it('should default to null', () => {
+      expect(mesh.customSort).toBeNull();
+    });
+
+    it('should accept custom sort function', () => {
+      const customFn = vi.fn();
+      mesh.customSort = customFn;
+
+      expect(mesh.customSort).toBe(customFn);
+    });
+
+    it('should accept radix sort function', () => {
+      const radixSort = createRadixSort(mesh);
+      mesh.customSort = radixSort;
+
+      expect(mesh.customSort).toBe(radixSort);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('sorting with visibility', () => {
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      mesh.addInstances(5, (obj, index) => {
+        obj.position.set(index * 10, 0, 0);
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should only sort visible instances', () => {
+      mesh.setVisibilityAt(2, false);
+      mesh.sortObjects = true;
+
+      // The hidden instance should not be included in sorting
+      // This is tested more thoroughly in e2e tests
+      expect(mesh.getVisibilityAt(2)).toBe(false);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('depthSort calculation', () => {
+    it('should compute depthSort based on depth range', () => {
+      const sortFn = createRadixSort(mesh);
+      
+      const items: InstancedRenderItem[] = [
+        { depth: 100, depthSort: 0, index: 0 },
+        { depth: 200, depthSort: 0, index: 1 },
+        { depth: 300, depthSort: 0, index: 2 },
+      ];
+
+      sortFn(items);
+
+      // After sorting, depthSort should be computed (non-zero for normalized values)
+      // The actual values depend on the depth range normalization
+      expect(items[0].depthSort).toBeDefined();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('integration example', () => {
+    it('should demonstrate typical sorting setup', () => {
+      // Create mesh with transparent material
+      const transparentMaterial = new MeshBasicMaterial({
+        transparent: true,
+        opacity: 0.5,
+      });
+      mesh.material = transparentMaterial;
+
+      // Add instances at various depths
+      mesh.addInstances(10, (obj, index) => {
+        obj.position.set(0, 0, index * 10); // Different z positions
+      });
+
+      // Enable sorting with radix sort optimization
+      mesh.sortObjects = true;
+      mesh.customSort = createRadixSort(mesh);
+
+      expect(mesh.sortObjects).toBe(true);
+      expect(mesh.customSort).not.toBeNull();
+    });
+  });
+});
+
diff --git a/tests/features/visibility.test.ts b/tests/features/visibility.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..54ca550
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/features/visibility.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,349 @@
+/**
+ * Tests for Per-instance Visibility and Opacity features
+ * 
+ * Validates:
+ * - setVisibilityAt/getVisibilityAt methods
+ * - instances[i].visible property (with entities)
+ * - setOpacityAt/getOpacityAt methods
+ * - instances[i].opacity property (with entities)
+ * - setActiveAt/getActiveAt methods
+ * - Hidden instances excluded from render count
+ */
+
+import { describe, it, expect, beforeEach } from 'vitest';
+import { Color } from 'three';
+import { createTestInstancedMesh, createTestInstancedMeshWithEntities } from '../setup';
+import { InstancedMesh2 } from '../../src/core/InstancedMesh2';
+
+describe('Per-instance Visibility', () => {
+  let mesh: InstancedMesh2;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    mesh = createTestInstancedMesh({ capacity: 100 });
+    mesh.addInstances(10, (obj, index) => {
+      obj.position.set(index, 0, 0);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('setVisibilityAt / getVisibilityAt', () => {
+    it('should default to true for new instances', () => {
+      expect(mesh.getVisibilityAt(0)).toBe(true);
+      expect(mesh.getVisibilityAt(5)).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should set visibility to false', () => {
+      mesh.setVisibilityAt(3, false);
+
+      expect(mesh.getVisibilityAt(3)).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('should set visibility back to true', () => {
+      mesh.setVisibilityAt(3, false);
+      mesh.setVisibilityAt(3, true);
+
+      expect(mesh.getVisibilityAt(3)).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should not affect other instances', () => {
+      mesh.setVisibilityAt(5, false);
+
+      expect(mesh.getVisibilityAt(4)).toBe(true);
+      expect(mesh.getVisibilityAt(6)).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should mark index array for update', () => {
+      mesh['_indexArrayNeedsUpdate'] = false;
+      mesh.setVisibilityAt(0, false);
+
+      expect(mesh['_indexArrayNeedsUpdate']).toBe(true);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('setActiveAt / getActiveAt', () => {
+    it('should default to true for new instances', () => {
+      expect(mesh.getActiveAt(0)).toBe(true);
+      expect(mesh.getActiveAt(5)).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should set active to false', () => {
+      mesh.setActiveAt(3, false);
+
+      expect(mesh.getActiveAt(3)).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('should mark index array for update', () => {
+      mesh['_indexArrayNeedsUpdate'] = false;
+      mesh.setActiveAt(0, false);
+
+      expect(mesh['_indexArrayNeedsUpdate']).toBe(true);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('getActiveAndVisibilityAt', () => {
+    it('should return true when both active and visible', () => {
+      expect(mesh.getActiveAndVisibilityAt(0)).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should return false when not visible', () => {
+      mesh.setVisibilityAt(0, false);
+
+      expect(mesh.getActiveAndVisibilityAt(0)).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('should return false when not active', () => {
+      mesh.setActiveAt(0, false);
+
+      expect(mesh.getActiveAndVisibilityAt(0)).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('should return false when neither visible nor active', () => {
+      mesh.setVisibilityAt(0, false);
+      mesh.setActiveAt(0, false);
+
+      expect(mesh.getActiveAndVisibilityAt(0)).toBe(false);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('setActiveAndVisibilityAt', () => {
+    it('should set both active and visible to true', () => {
+      mesh.setVisibilityAt(0, false);
+      mesh.setActiveAt(0, false);
+
+      mesh.setActiveAndVisibilityAt(0, true);
+
+      expect(mesh.getVisibilityAt(0)).toBe(true);
+      expect(mesh.getActiveAt(0)).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should set both active and visible to false', () => {
+      mesh.setActiveAndVisibilityAt(0, false);
+
+      expect(mesh.getVisibilityAt(0)).toBe(false);
+      expect(mesh.getActiveAt(0)).toBe(false);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('with entities enabled', () => {
+    let meshWithEntities: InstancedMesh2;
+
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      meshWithEntities = createTestInstancedMeshWithEntities(100);
+      meshWithEntities.addInstances(10, (obj, index) => {
+        obj.position.set(index, 0, 0);
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should get visibility via instances[i].visible', () => {
+      expect(meshWithEntities.instances[0].visible).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should set visibility via instances[i].visible', () => {
+      meshWithEntities.instances[3].visible = false;
+
+      expect(meshWithEntities.getVisibilityAt(3)).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('should sync visibility between property and method', () => {
+      meshWithEntities.setVisibilityAt(5, false);
+
+      expect(meshWithEntities.instances[5].visible).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('should get active state via instances[i].active', () => {
+      expect(meshWithEntities.instances[0].active).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should set active state via instances[i].active', () => {
+      meshWithEntities.instances[3].active = false;
+
+      expect(meshWithEntities.getActiveAt(3)).toBe(false);
+    });
+  });
+});
+
+describe('Per-instance Opacity', () => {
+  let mesh: InstancedMesh2;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    mesh = createTestInstancedMesh({ capacity: 100 });
+    mesh.addInstances(10, (obj, index) => {
+      obj.position.set(index, 0, 0);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('setOpacityAt / getOpacityAt', () => {
+    it('should default to 1 when opacity not initialized', () => {
+      expect(mesh.getOpacityAt(0)).toBe(1);
+    });
+
+    it('should set opacity value', () => {
+      mesh.setOpacityAt(3, 0.5);
+
+      expect(mesh.getOpacityAt(3)).toBe(0.5);
+    });
+
+    it('should set opacity to 0', () => {
+      mesh.setOpacityAt(0, 0);
+
+      expect(mesh.getOpacityAt(0)).toBe(0);
+    });
+
+    it('should set opacity to 1', () => {
+      mesh.setOpacityAt(0, 0.5);
+      mesh.setOpacityAt(0, 1);
+
+      expect(mesh.getOpacityAt(0)).toBe(1);
+    });
+
+    it('should not affect other instances', () => {
+      mesh.setOpacityAt(5, 0.3);
+
+      expect(mesh.getOpacityAt(4)).toBe(1);
+      expect(mesh.getOpacityAt(6)).toBe(1);
+    });
+
+    it('should initialize colorsTexture when first opacity is set', () => {
+      // Colors texture may or may not be initialized depending on setup
+      const hadColorsTexture = mesh.colorsTexture !== null;
+      
+      mesh.setOpacityAt(0, 0.5);
+
+      expect(mesh.colorsTexture).not.toBeNull();
+      
+      // If we didn't have it before, it should be created now
+      if (!hadColorsTexture) {
+        expect(mesh['_useOpacity']).toBe(true);
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('with entities enabled', () => {
+    let meshWithEntities: InstancedMesh2;
+
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      meshWithEntities = createTestInstancedMeshWithEntities(100);
+      meshWithEntities.addInstances(10, (obj, index) => {
+        obj.position.set(index, 0, 0);
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should get opacity via instances[i].opacity', () => {
+      expect(meshWithEntities.instances[0].opacity).toBe(1);
+    });
+
+    it('should set opacity via instances[i].opacity', () => {
+      meshWithEntities.instances[3].opacity = 0.7;
+
+      expect(meshWithEntities.getOpacityAt(3)).toBeCloseTo(0.7, 5);
+    });
+
+    it('should sync opacity between property and method', () => {
+      meshWithEntities.setOpacityAt(5, 0.4);
+
+      expect(meshWithEntities.instances[5].opacity).toBeCloseTo(0.4, 5);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('opacity edge cases', () => {
+    it('should handle very small opacity values', () => {
+      mesh.setOpacityAt(0, 0.001);
+
+      expect(mesh.getOpacityAt(0)).toBeCloseTo(0.001, 5);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle multiple opacity changes', () => {
+      mesh.setOpacityAt(0, 0.2);
+      mesh.setOpacityAt(0, 0.8);
+      mesh.setOpacityAt(0, 0.5);
+
+      expect(mesh.getOpacityAt(0)).toBe(0.5);
+    });
+
+    it('should set opacity on multiple instances', () => {
+      for (let i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+        mesh.setOpacityAt(i, i * 0.2);
+      }
+
+      expect(mesh.getOpacityAt(0)).toBe(0);
+      expect(mesh.getOpacityAt(1)).toBeCloseTo(0.2, 5);
+      expect(mesh.getOpacityAt(2)).toBeCloseTo(0.4, 5);
+      expect(mesh.getOpacityAt(3)).toBeCloseTo(0.6, 5);
+      expect(mesh.getOpacityAt(4)).toBeCloseTo(0.8, 5);
+    });
+  });
+});
+
+describe('Per-instance Color', () => {
+  let mesh: InstancedMesh2;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    mesh = createTestInstancedMesh({ capacity: 100 });
+    mesh.addInstances(5, (obj, index) => {
+      obj.position.set(index, 0, 0);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('setColorAt / getColorAt', () => {
+    it('should set color using hex value', () => {
+      mesh.setColorAt(0, 0xff0000);
+
+      const color = mesh.getColorAt(0);
+      expect(color.r).toBeCloseTo(1, 5);
+      expect(color.g).toBeCloseTo(0, 5);
+      expect(color.b).toBeCloseTo(0, 5);
+    });
+
+    it('should set color using Color object', () => {
+      mesh.setColorAt(0, new Color(0, 1, 0));
+
+      const color = mesh.getColorAt(0);
+      expect(color.r).toBeCloseTo(0, 5);
+      expect(color.g).toBeCloseTo(1, 5);
+      expect(color.b).toBeCloseTo(0, 5);
+    });
+
+    it('should set different colors on different instances', () => {
+      mesh.setColorAt(0, 0xff0000);
+      mesh.setColorAt(1, 0x00ff00);
+      mesh.setColorAt(2, 0x0000ff);
+
+      expect(mesh.getColorAt(0).r).toBeCloseTo(1, 5);
+      expect(mesh.getColorAt(1).g).toBeCloseTo(1, 5);
+      expect(mesh.getColorAt(2).b).toBeCloseTo(1, 5);
+    });
+
+    it('should initialize colorsTexture when first color is set', () => {
+      const hadColorsTexture = mesh.colorsTexture !== null;
+      
+      mesh.setColorAt(0, 0xff0000);
+
+      expect(mesh.colorsTexture).not.toBeNull();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('with entities enabled', () => {
+    let meshWithEntities: InstancedMesh2;
+
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      meshWithEntities = createTestInstancedMeshWithEntities(100);
+      meshWithEntities.addInstances(5, (obj, index) => {
+        obj.position.set(index, 0, 0);
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should set color via instances[i].color', () => {
+      meshWithEntities.instances[0].color = 0xff0000;
+
+      const color = meshWithEntities.getColorAt(0);
+      expect(color.r).toBeCloseTo(1, 5);
+    });
+
+    it('should get color via instances[i].color', () => {
+      meshWithEntities.setColorAt(0, 0x00ff00);
+
+      const color = meshWithEntities.instances[0].color;
+      expect(color.g).toBeCloseTo(1, 5);
+    });
+  });
+});
+
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/test-scene.html b/tests/fixtures/test-scene.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..90ea5e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/test-scene.html
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+  <meta charset="UTF-8">
+  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+  <title>InstancedMesh2 Test Scene</title>
+  <style>
+    body { margin: 0; overflow: hidden; }
+    canvas { display: block; }
+    #info {
+      position: absolute;
+      top: 10px;
+      left: 10px;
+      color: white;
+      font-family: monospace;
+      background: rgba(0,0,0,0.7);
+      padding: 10px;
+      z-index: 100;
+    }
+  </style>
+</head>
+<body>
+  <div id="info">
+    <div>Instances: <span id="instance-count">0</span></div>
+    <div>Rendered: <span id="render-count">0</span></div>
+    <div>FPS: <span id="fps">0</span></div>
+  </div>
+  
+  <script type="module">
+    // Let Vite handle all module resolution - no import map needed
+    import * as THREE from 'three';
+    import { InstancedMesh2 } from '@three.ez/instanced-mesh';
+
+    // Make available globally for Playwright tests
+    window.THREE = THREE;
+    window.InstancedMesh2 = InstancedMesh2;
+    
+    // Scene setup
+    const scene = new THREE.Scene();
+    scene.background = new THREE.Color(0x222222);
+    
+    const camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(75, window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight, 0.1, 1000);
+    camera.position.set(0, 50, 100);
+    camera.lookAt(0, 0, 0);
+    
+    const renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer({ antialias: true });
+    renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);
+    document.body.appendChild(renderer.domElement);
+    
+    // Make renderer available for tests
+    window.renderer = renderer;
+    window.scene = scene;
+    window.camera = camera;
+    
+    // Test mesh - will be created by test scripts
+    window.testMesh = null;
+    
+    // Create default test mesh
+    function createTestMesh(options = {}) {
+      const {
+        count = 100,
+        spread = 50,
+        capacity = 1000,
+        createEntities = false
+      } = options;
+      
+      const geometry = new THREE.BoxGeometry(1, 1, 1);
+      const material = new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({ color: 0x00ff00 });
+      
+      const mesh = new InstancedMesh2(geometry, material, {
+        capacity,
+        createEntities,
+        renderer
+      });
+
+      mesh.addInstances(count, (obj, index) => {
+        // NOSONAR – test-only randomness is fine here
+        obj.position.set(
+          (Math.random() - 0.5) * spread,
+          (Math.random() - 0.5) * spread,
+          (Math.random() - 0.5) * spread
+        );
+      });
+      
+      scene.add(mesh);
+      window.testMesh = mesh;
+      
+      return mesh;
+    }
+    
+    window.createTestMesh = createTestMesh;
+    
+    // Animation loop
+    let lastTime = performance.now();
+    let frameCount = 0;
+    
+    function animate() {
+      requestAnimationFrame(animate);
+      
+      // Update FPS counter
+      frameCount++;
+      const now = performance.now();
+      if (now - lastTime >= 1000) {
+        document.getElementById('fps').textContent = frameCount;
+        frameCount = 0;
+        lastTime = now;
+      }
+      
+      // Update info display
+      if (window.testMesh) {
+        document.getElementById('instance-count').textContent = window.testMesh.instancesCount;
+        document.getElementById('render-count').textContent = window.testMesh.count;
+      }
+      
+      renderer.render(scene, camera);
+    }
+    
+    animate();
+    
+    // Handle resize
+    window.addEventListener('resize', () => {
+      camera.aspect = window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight;
+      camera.updateProjectionMatrix();
+      renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);
+    });
+    
+    // Signal that the scene is ready
+    window.sceneReady = true;
+    window.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent('scene-ready'));
+  </script>
+</body>
+</html>
+
diff --git a/tests/setup.ts b/tests/setup.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b97b149
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/setup.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+/**
+ * Test setup utilities for @three.ez/instanced-mesh
+ *
+ * Provides helpers to create InstancedMesh2 instances for testing
+ * without requiring a full WebGL context.
+ */
+
+import { BoxGeometry, ColorManagement, MeshBasicMaterial, WebGLRenderer } from 'three';
+import { InstancedMesh2 } from '../src/core/InstancedMesh2';
+import { SquareDataTexture } from '../src/core/utils/SquareDataTexture';
+
+// Import feature modules to ensure prototype extensions are applied
+import '../src/core/feature/Capacity';
+import '../src/core/feature/Instances';
+import '../src/core/feature/FrustumCulling';
+import '../src/core/feature/LOD';
+import '../src/core/feature/Raycasting';
+
+/**
+ * Creates a mock WebGL2 rendering context for testing
+ */
+export function createMockGL(): WebGL2RenderingContext {
+  return {
+    UNSIGNED_INT: 5125,
+    TEXTURE_2D: 3553,
+    ARRAY_BUFFER: 34962,
+    STATIC_DRAW: 35044,
+    DYNAMIC_DRAW: 35048,
+    NONE: 0,
+    BROWSER_DEFAULT_WEBGL: 37444,
+    UNPACK_FLIP_Y_WEBGL: 37440,
+    UNPACK_PREMULTIPLY_ALPHA_WEBGL: 37441,
+    UNPACK_ALIGNMENT: 3317,
+    UNPACK_COLORSPACE_CONVERSION_WEBGL: 37443,
+    createBuffer: () => ({}),
+    bindBuffer: () => {},
+    bufferData: () => {},
+    bufferSubData: () => {},
+    deleteBuffer: () => {},
+    pixelStorei: () => {},
+    bindTexture: () => {},
+    texSubImage2D: () => {},
+  } as unknown as WebGL2RenderingContext;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates a mock WebGLRenderer for testing
+ */
+export function createMockRenderer(): WebGLRenderer {
+  const gl = createMockGL();
+
+  return {
+    getContext: () => gl,
+    properties: {
+      get: () => ({ __webglTexture: {} }),
+    },
+    state: {
+      bindTexture: () => {},
+    },
+    extensions: {},
+    capabilities: {},
+  } as unknown as WebGLRenderer;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates an InstancedMesh2 configured for testing
+ */
+export function createTestInstancedMesh(options: {
+  capacity?: number;
+  createEntities?: boolean;
+  allowsEuler?: boolean;
+} = {}): InstancedMesh2 {
+  const { capacity = 100, createEntities = false, allowsEuler = false } = options;
+
+  const geometry = new BoxGeometry(1, 1, 1);
+  const material = new MeshBasicMaterial({ color: 0xff0000 });
+  const renderer = createMockRenderer();
+
+  const mesh = new InstancedMesh2(geometry, material, {
+    capacity,
+    createEntities,
+    allowsEuler,
+    renderer,
+  });
+
+  // Initialize matrices texture for testing
+  if (!mesh.matricesTexture) {
+    mesh.matricesTexture = new SquareDataTexture(Float32Array, 4, 4, capacity);
+  }
+
+  // Setup initColorsTexture method for testing
+  mesh.initColorsTexture = function() {
+    if (!this.colorsTexture) {
+      this.colorsTexture = new SquareDataTexture(Float32Array, 4, 1, this._capacity);
+      this.colorsTexture.colorSpace = ColorManagement.workingColorSpace;
+      this.colorsTexture._data.fill(1);
+    }
+  };
+
+  return mesh;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates an InstancedMesh2 with entities enabled for testing
+ */
+export function createTestInstancedMeshWithEntities(capacity = 100): InstancedMesh2 {
+  return createTestInstancedMesh({ capacity, createEntities: true });
+}
+
diff --git a/tsconfig.test.json b/tsconfig.test.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c1e2c62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tsconfig.test.json
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+{
+  "compilerOptions": {
+    "target": "ES2020",
+    "module": "ESNext",
+    "moduleResolution": "Bundler",
+    "strict": true,
+    "skipLibCheck": true,
+    "esModuleInterop": true,
+    "noImplicitAny": false,
+    "strictNullChecks": false,
+    "types": [
+      "vitest/globals",
+      "vite-plugin-glsl/ext"
+    ],
+    "baseUrl": ".",
+    "paths": {
+      "@three.ez/instanced-mesh": ["./src/index.ts"]
+    }
+  },
+  "include": [
+    "tests/**/*.ts",
+    "src/**/*.ts"
+  ]
+}
+
diff --git a/vitest.config.ts b/vitest.config.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ee05f9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vitest.config.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+import { defineConfig } from 'vitest/config';
+import { resolve } from 'path';
+import glsl from 'vite-plugin-glsl';
+
+export default defineConfig({
+  plugins: [glsl()],
+  test: {
+    environment: 'happy-dom',
+    include: ['tests/**/*.test.ts'],
+    exclude: ['tests/e2e/**'],
+    coverage: {
+      provider: 'v8',
+      reporter: ['text', 'json', 'html'],
+      include: ['src/**/*.ts'],
+      exclude: ['src/**/*.d.ts', 'src/shaders/**']
+    },
+    globals: true,
+    typecheck: {
+      tsconfig: './tsconfig.test.json'
+    }
+  },
+  resolve: {
+    alias: {
+      '@three.ez/instanced-mesh': resolve(__dirname, 'src/index.ts')
+    }
+  }
+});
+