Add Go code style guide.

Author: HavenXia

docs/code-style-guide.md

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+# Code Style Guide
+
+Go conventions for this repository — written for humans and coding agents
+alike. The [API style guide](api-style-guide.md) governs the proto surface;
+this document governs the Go code behind it. Repository layout is covered by
+[code layout](dev/code-layout.md).
+
+The baseline is [Effective Go](https://go.dev/doc/effective_go), the
+[Google Go style guide](https://google.github.io/styleguide/go/), and `gofmt`.
+This document records only decisions that are specific to this project.
+
+## Proto field access: check presence, don't default it
+
+Generated getters (e.g. `req.GetActor().GetName()`) return zero values when any
+message in the chain is nil. That is convenient and dangerous: a required
+message the caller forgot to set silently becomes `""`, and the bug surfaces
+far from its cause.
+
+- A getter chain must never stand in for a presence check. Whenever a field
+  is required at this point in the code, check it explicitly and fail loudly:
+  `INVALID_ARGUMENT` at the API boundary, a real error (not a guessed zero
+  value) elsewhere.
+- Once the boundary has validated presence, getters downstream are fine, as is
+  the guarded form for optional messages:
+
+  ```go
+  if wass := worker.Assignment; wass != nil {
+      // Fields of wass were validated on write; use them directly.
+  }
+  ```
+
+- Absence of a group of fields that are set and cleared together is
+  represented by a nil message (`worker.Assignment == nil`), never by probing
+  a scalar field inside it for its zero value.
+
+## Testing
+
+- Standard library `testing` only — no assertion or mocking frameworks.
+- Table-driven tests with `t.Run` subtests are the default shape.
+- Prefer a real fake when one exists: `miniredis` for the store, `envtest` for
+  the Kubernetes API. Release
+  resources with `t.Cleanup`.
+
+## TODOs
+
+Deferred decisions are recorded in code as `TODO(username): ...`, placed where
+the decision will eventually have to be made.