DO-1802: upgrade node to v24.15.0

[TheOrangePuff]

Description of the proposed changes

• Bump .nvmrc to v24.15.0 (Node 24 LTS) and drop the inline version reference in CLAUDE.md.
• Bump @types/node to v24.12.2 (exact pin at root, caret in packages).

Notes to reviewers

Lambda NODEJS_22_X runtime constants and the prerender-fargate Dockerfile are intentionally out of scope (deployed-code concerns, not build env). No engines fields exist to bump.

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[github-actions]

⚠️ No Changeset Detected

This pull request modifies code that affects the following packages (detected by Nx):

Affected Packages:

• @aligent/cdk-cdk-aspects
• @aligent/cdk-constructs

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