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"""
AWS architecture design and service recommendation module.
Generates architecture patterns based on application requirements.
"""
from typing import Dict, List, Any, Optional
from enum import Enum
class ApplicationType(Enum):
"""Types of applications supported."""
WEB_APP = "web_application"
MOBILE_BACKEND = "mobile_backend"
DATA_PIPELINE = "data_pipeline"
MICROSERVICES = "microservices"
SAAS_PLATFORM = "saas_platform"
IOT_PLATFORM = "iot_platform"
class ArchitectureDesigner:
"""Design AWS architectures based on requirements."""
def __init__(self, requirements: Dict[str, Any]):
"""
Initialize with application requirements.
Args:
requirements: Dictionary containing app type, traffic, budget, etc.
"""
self.app_type = requirements.get('application_type', 'web_application')
self.expected_users = requirements.get('expected_users', 1000)
self.requests_per_second = requirements.get('requests_per_second', 10)
self.budget_monthly = requirements.get('budget_monthly_usd', 500)
self.team_size = requirements.get('team_size', 3)
self.aws_experience = requirements.get('aws_experience', 'beginner')
self.compliance_needs = requirements.get('compliance', [])
self.data_size_gb = requirements.get('data_size_gb', 10)
def recommend_architecture_pattern(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
"""
Recommend architecture pattern based on requirements.
Returns:
Dictionary with recommended pattern and services
"""
# Determine pattern based on app type and scale
if self.app_type in ['web_application', 'saas_platform']:
if self.expected_users < 10000:
return self._serverless_web_architecture()
elif self.expected_users < 100000:
return self._modern_three_tier_architecture()
else:
return self._multi_region_architecture()
elif self.app_type == 'mobile_backend':
return self._serverless_mobile_backend()
elif self.app_type == 'data_pipeline':
return self._event_driven_data_pipeline()
elif self.app_type == 'microservices':
return self._event_driven_microservices()
elif self.app_type == 'iot_platform':
return self._iot_architecture()
else:
return self._serverless_web_architecture() # Default
def _serverless_web_architecture(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
"""Serverless web application pattern."""
return {
'pattern_name': 'Serverless Web Application',
'description': 'Fully serverless architecture with zero server management',
'use_case': 'SaaS platforms, low to medium traffic websites, MVPs',
'services': {
'frontend': {
'service': 'S3 + CloudFront',
'purpose': 'Static website hosting with global CDN',
'configuration': {
's3_bucket': 'website-bucket',
'cloudfront_distribution': 'HTTPS with custom domain',
'caching': 'Cache-Control headers, edge caching'
}
},
'api': {
'service': 'API Gateway + Lambda',
'purpose': 'REST API backend with auto-scaling',
'configuration': {
'api_type': 'REST API',
'authorization': 'Cognito User Pools or API Keys',
'throttling': f'{self.requests_per_second * 10} requests/second',
'lambda_memory': '512 MB (optimize based on testing)',
'lambda_timeout': '10 seconds'
}
},
'database': {
'service': 'DynamoDB',
'purpose': 'NoSQL database with pay-per-request pricing',
'configuration': {
'billing_mode': 'PAY_PER_REQUEST',
'backup': 'Point-in-time recovery enabled',
'encryption': 'KMS encryption at rest'
}
},
'authentication': {
'service': 'Cognito',
'purpose': 'User authentication and authorization',
'configuration': {
'user_pools': 'Email/password + social providers',
'mfa': 'Optional MFA with SMS or TOTP',
'token_expiration': '1 hour access, 30 days refresh'
}
},
'cicd': {
'service': 'AWS Amplify or CodePipeline',
'purpose': 'Automated deployment from Git',
'configuration': {
'source': 'GitHub or CodeCommit',
'build': 'Automatic on commit',
'environments': 'dev, staging, production'
}
}
},
'estimated_cost': {
'monthly_usd': self._calculate_serverless_cost(),
'breakdown': {
'CloudFront': '10-30 USD',
'Lambda': '5-20 USD',
'API Gateway': '10-40 USD',
'DynamoDB': '5-30 USD',
'Cognito': '0-10 USD (free tier: 50k MAU)',
'S3': '1-5 USD'
}
},
'pros': [
'No server management',
'Auto-scaling built-in',
'Pay only for what you use',
'Fast to deploy and iterate',
'High availability by default'
],
'cons': [
'Cold start latency (100-500ms)',
'Vendor lock-in to AWS',
'Debugging distributed systems complex',
'Learning curve for serverless patterns'
],
'scaling_characteristics': {
'users_supported': '1k - 100k',
'requests_per_second': '100 - 10,000',
'scaling_method': 'Automatic (Lambda concurrency)'
}
}
def _modern_three_tier_architecture(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
"""Traditional three-tier with modern AWS services."""
return {
'pattern_name': 'Modern Three-Tier Application',
'description': 'Classic architecture with containers and managed services',
'use_case': 'Traditional web apps, e-commerce, content management',
'services': {
'load_balancer': {
'service': 'Application Load Balancer (ALB)',
'purpose': 'Distribute traffic across instances',
'configuration': {
'scheme': 'internet-facing',
'target_type': 'ECS tasks or EC2 instances',
'health_checks': '/health endpoint, 30s interval',
'ssl': 'ACM certificate for HTTPS'
}
},
'compute': {
'service': 'ECS Fargate or EC2 Auto Scaling',
'purpose': 'Run containerized applications',
'configuration': {
'container_platform': 'ECS Fargate (serverless containers)',
'task_definition': '512 MB memory, 0.25 vCPU (start small)',
'auto_scaling': f'2-{max(4, self.expected_users // 5000)} tasks',
'deployment': 'Rolling update, 50% at a time'
}
},
'database': {
'service': 'RDS Aurora (MySQL/PostgreSQL)',
'purpose': 'Managed relational database',
'configuration': {
'instance_class': 'db.t3.medium or db.t4g.medium',
'multi_az': 'Yes (high availability)',
'read_replicas': '1-2 for read scaling',
'backup_retention': '7 days',
'encryption': 'KMS encryption enabled'
}
},
'cache': {
'service': 'ElastiCache Redis',
'purpose': 'Session storage, application caching',
'configuration': {
'node_type': 'cache.t3.micro or cache.t4g.micro',
'replication': 'Multi-AZ with automatic failover',
'eviction_policy': 'allkeys-lru'
}
},
'cdn': {
'service': 'CloudFront',
'purpose': 'Cache static assets globally',
'configuration': {
'origins': 'ALB (dynamic), S3 (static)',
'caching': 'Cache based on headers/cookies',
'compression': 'Gzip compression enabled'
}
},
'storage': {
'service': 'S3',
'purpose': 'User uploads, backups, logs',
'configuration': {
'storage_class': 'S3 Standard with lifecycle policies',
'versioning': 'Enabled for important buckets',
'lifecycle': 'Transition to IA after 30 days'
}
}
},
'estimated_cost': {
'monthly_usd': self._calculate_three_tier_cost(),
'breakdown': {
'ALB': '20-30 USD',
'ECS Fargate': '50-200 USD',
'RDS Aurora': '100-300 USD',
'ElastiCache': '30-80 USD',
'CloudFront': '10-50 USD',
'S3': '10-30 USD'
}
},
'pros': [
'Proven architecture pattern',
'Easy to understand and debug',
'Flexible scaling options',
'Support for complex applications',
'Managed services reduce operational burden'
],
'cons': [
'Higher baseline costs',
'More complex than serverless',
'Requires more operational knowledge',
'Manual scaling configuration needed'
],
'scaling_characteristics': {
'users_supported': '10k - 500k',
'requests_per_second': '1,000 - 50,000',
'scaling_method': 'Auto Scaling based on CPU/memory/requests'
}
}
def _serverless_mobile_backend(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
"""Serverless mobile backend with GraphQL."""
return {
'pattern_name': 'Serverless Mobile Backend',
'description': 'Mobile-first backend with GraphQL and real-time features',
'use_case': 'Mobile apps, single-page apps, offline-first applications',
'services': {
'api': {
'service': 'AppSync (GraphQL)',
'purpose': 'Flexible GraphQL API with real-time subscriptions',
'configuration': {
'api_type': 'GraphQL',
'authorization': 'Cognito User Pools + API Keys',
'resolvers': 'Direct DynamoDB or Lambda',
'subscriptions': 'WebSocket for real-time updates',
'caching': 'Server-side caching (1 hour TTL)'
}
},
'database': {
'service': 'DynamoDB',
'purpose': 'Fast NoSQL database with global tables',
'configuration': {
'billing_mode': 'PAY_PER_REQUEST (on-demand)',
'global_tables': 'Multi-region if needed',
'streams': 'Enabled for change data capture',
'ttl': 'Automatic expiration for temporary data'
}
},
'file_storage': {
'service': 'S3 + CloudFront',
'purpose': 'User uploads (images, videos, documents)',
'configuration': {
'access': 'Signed URLs or Cognito credentials',
'lifecycle': 'Intelligent-Tiering for cost optimization',
'cdn': 'CloudFront for fast global delivery'
}
},
'authentication': {
'service': 'Cognito',
'purpose': 'User management and federation',
'configuration': {
'identity_providers': 'Email, Google, Apple, Facebook',
'mfa': 'SMS or TOTP',
'groups': 'Admin, premium, free tiers',
'custom_attributes': 'User metadata storage'
}
},
'push_notifications': {
'service': 'SNS Mobile Push',
'purpose': 'Push notifications to mobile devices',
'configuration': {
'platforms': 'iOS (APNs), Android (FCM)',
'topics': 'Group notifications by topic',
'delivery_status': 'CloudWatch Logs for tracking'
}
},
'analytics': {
'service': 'Pinpoint',
'purpose': 'User analytics and engagement',
'configuration': {
'events': 'Custom events tracking',
'campaigns': 'Targeted messaging',
'segments': 'User segmentation'
}
}
},
'estimated_cost': {
'monthly_usd': 50 + (self.expected_users * 0.005),
'breakdown': {
'AppSync': '5-40 USD',
'DynamoDB': '10-50 USD',
'Cognito': '0-15 USD',
'S3 + CloudFront': '10-40 USD',
'SNS': '1-10 USD',
'Pinpoint': '10-30 USD'
}
},
'pros': [
'Single GraphQL endpoint',
'Real-time subscriptions built-in',
'Offline-first capabilities',
'Auto-generated mobile SDK',
'Flexible querying (no over/under fetching)'
],
'cons': [
'GraphQL learning curve',
'Complex queries can be expensive',
'Debugging subscriptions challenging',
'Limited to AWS AppSync features'
],
'scaling_characteristics': {
'users_supported': '1k - 1M',
'requests_per_second': '100 - 100,000',
'scaling_method': 'Automatic (AppSync managed)'
}
}
def _event_driven_microservices(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
"""Event-driven microservices architecture."""
return {
'pattern_name': 'Event-Driven Microservices',
'description': 'Loosely coupled services with event bus',
'use_case': 'Complex business workflows, asynchronous processing',
'services': {
'event_bus': {
'service': 'EventBridge',
'purpose': 'Central event routing between services',
'configuration': {
'bus_type': 'Custom event bus',
'rules': 'Route events by type/source',
'targets': 'Lambda, SQS, Step Functions',
'archive': 'Event replay capability'
}
},
'compute': {
'service': 'Lambda + ECS Fargate (hybrid)',
'purpose': 'Service implementation',
'configuration': {
'lambda': 'Lightweight services, event handlers',
'fargate': 'Long-running services, heavy processing',
'auto_scaling': 'Lambda (automatic), Fargate (target tracking)'
}
},
'queues': {
'service': 'SQS',
'purpose': 'Decouple services, handle failures',
'configuration': {
'queue_type': 'Standard (high throughput) or FIFO (ordering)',
'dlq': 'Dead letter queue after 3 retries',
'visibility_timeout': '30 seconds (adjust per service)',
'retention': '4 days'
}
},
'orchestration': {
'service': 'Step Functions',
'purpose': 'Complex workflows, saga patterns',
'configuration': {
'type': 'Standard (long-running) or Express (high volume)',
'error_handling': 'Retry, catch, rollback logic',
'timeouts': 'Per-state timeouts',
'logging': 'CloudWatch Logs integration'
}
},
'database': {
'service': 'DynamoDB (per service)',
'purpose': 'Each microservice owns its data',
'configuration': {
'pattern': 'Database per service',
'streams': 'DynamoDB Streams for change events',
'backup': 'Point-in-time recovery'
}
},
'api_gateway': {
'service': 'API Gateway',
'purpose': 'Unified API facade',
'configuration': {
'integration': 'Lambda proxy or HTTP proxy',
'authentication': 'Cognito or Lambda authorizer',
'rate_limiting': 'Per-client throttling'
}
}
},
'estimated_cost': {
'monthly_usd': 100 + (self.expected_users * 0.01),
'breakdown': {
'EventBridge': '5-20 USD',
'Lambda': '20-100 USD',
'SQS': '1-10 USD',
'Step Functions': '10-50 USD',
'DynamoDB': '30-150 USD',
'API Gateway': '10-40 USD'
}
},
'pros': [
'Loose coupling between services',
'Independent scaling and deployment',
'Failure isolation',
'Technology diversity possible',
'Easy to test individual services'
],
'cons': [
'Operational complexity',
'Distributed tracing required',
'Eventual consistency challenges',
'Network latency between services',
'More moving parts to monitor'
],
'scaling_characteristics': {
'users_supported': '10k - 10M',
'requests_per_second': '1,000 - 1,000,000',
'scaling_method': 'Per-service auto-scaling'
}
}
def _event_driven_data_pipeline(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
"""Real-time data processing pipeline."""
return {
'pattern_name': 'Real-Time Data Pipeline',
'description': 'Scalable data ingestion and processing',
'use_case': 'Analytics, IoT data, log processing, ETL',
'services': {
'ingestion': {
'service': 'Kinesis Data Streams',
'purpose': 'Real-time data ingestion',
'configuration': {
'shards': f'{max(1, self.data_size_gb // 10)} shards',
'retention': '24 hours (extend to 7 days if needed)',
'encryption': 'KMS encryption'
}
},
'processing': {
'service': 'Lambda or Kinesis Analytics',
'purpose': 'Transform and enrich data',
'configuration': {
'lambda_concurrency': 'Match shard count',
'batch_size': '100-500 records per invocation',
'error_handling': 'DLQ for failed records'
}
},
'storage': {
'service': 'S3 Data Lake',
'purpose': 'Long-term storage and analytics',
'configuration': {
'format': 'Parquet (compressed, columnar)',
'partitioning': 'By date (year/month/day/hour)',
'lifecycle': 'Transition to Glacier after 90 days',
'catalog': 'AWS Glue Data Catalog'
}
},
'analytics': {
'service': 'Athena',
'purpose': 'SQL queries on S3 data',
'configuration': {
'query_results': 'Store in separate S3 bucket',
'workgroups': 'Separate dev and prod',
'cost_controls': 'Query limits per workgroup'
}
},
'visualization': {
'service': 'QuickSight',
'purpose': 'Business intelligence dashboards',
'configuration': {
'source': 'Athena or direct S3',
'refresh': 'Hourly or daily',
'sharing': 'Embedded dashboards or web access'
}
},
'alerting': {
'service': 'CloudWatch + SNS',
'purpose': 'Monitor metrics and alerts',
'configuration': {
'metrics': 'Custom metrics from processing',
'alarms': 'Threshold-based alerts',
'notifications': 'Email, Slack, PagerDuty'
}
}
},
'estimated_cost': {
'monthly_usd': self._calculate_data_pipeline_cost(),
'breakdown': {
'Kinesis': '15-100 USD (per shard)',
'Lambda': '10-50 USD',
'S3': '10-50 USD',
'Athena': '5-30 USD (per TB scanned)',
'QuickSight': '9-18 USD per user',
'Glue': '5-20 USD'
}
},
'pros': [
'Real-time processing capability',
'Scales to millions of events',
'Cost-effective long-term storage',
'SQL analytics on raw data',
'Serverless architecture'
],
'cons': [
'Kinesis shard management required',
'Athena costs based on data scanned',
'Schema evolution complexity',
'Cold data queries can be slow'
],
'scaling_characteristics': {
'events_per_second': '1,000 - 1,000,000',
'data_volume': '1 GB - 1 PB per day',
'scaling_method': 'Add Kinesis shards, partition S3 data'
}
}
def _iot_architecture(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
"""IoT platform architecture."""
return {
'pattern_name': 'IoT Platform',
'description': 'Scalable IoT device management and data processing',
'use_case': 'Connected devices, sensors, smart devices',
'services': {
'device_management': {
'service': 'IoT Core',
'purpose': 'Device connectivity and management',
'configuration': {
'protocol': 'MQTT over TLS',
'thing_registry': 'Device metadata storage',
'device_shadow': 'Desired and reported state',
'rules_engine': 'Route messages to services'
}
},
'device_provisioning': {
'service': 'IoT Device Management',
'purpose': 'Fleet provisioning and updates',
'configuration': {
'fleet_indexing': 'Search devices',
'jobs': 'OTA firmware updates',
'bulk_operations': 'Manage device groups'
}
},
'data_processing': {
'service': 'IoT Analytics',
'purpose': 'Process and analyze IoT data',
'configuration': {
'channels': 'Ingest device data',
'pipelines': 'Transform and enrich',
'data_store': 'Time-series storage',
'notebooks': 'Jupyter notebooks for analysis'
}
},
'time_series_db': {
'service': 'Timestream',
'purpose': 'Store time-series metrics',
'configuration': {
'memory_store': 'Recent data (hours)',
'magnetic_store': 'Historical data (years)',
'retention': 'Auto-tier based on age'
}
},
'real_time_alerts': {
'service': 'IoT Events',
'purpose': 'Detect and respond to events',
'configuration': {
'detector_models': 'Define alert conditions',
'actions': 'SNS, Lambda, SQS',
'state_tracking': 'Per-device state machines'
}
}
},
'estimated_cost': {
'monthly_usd': 50 + (self.expected_users * 0.1), # Expected_users = device count
'breakdown': {
'IoT Core': '10-100 USD (per million messages)',
'IoT Analytics': '5-50 USD',
'Timestream': '10-80 USD',
'IoT Events': '1-20 USD',
'Data transfer': '10-50 USD'
}
},
'pros': [
'Built for IoT scale',
'Secure device connectivity',
'Managed device lifecycle',
'Time-series optimized',
'Real-time event detection'
],
'cons': [
'IoT-specific pricing model',
'MQTT protocol required',
'Regional limitations',
'Complexity for simple use cases'
],
'scaling_characteristics': {
'devices_supported': '100 - 10,000,000',
'messages_per_second': '1,000 - 100,000',
'scaling_method': 'Automatic (managed service)'
}
}
def _multi_region_architecture(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
"""Multi-region high availability architecture."""
return {
'pattern_name': 'Multi-Region High Availability',
'description': 'Global deployment with disaster recovery',
'use_case': 'Global applications, 99.99% uptime, compliance',
'services': {
'dns': {
'service': 'Route 53',
'purpose': 'Global traffic routing',
'configuration': {
'routing_policy': 'Geolocation or latency-based',
'health_checks': 'Active monitoring with failover',
'failover': 'Automatic to secondary region'
}
},
'cdn': {
'service': 'CloudFront',
'purpose': 'Edge caching and acceleration',
'configuration': {
'origins': 'Multiple regions (primary + secondary)',
'origin_failover': 'Automatic failover',
'edge_locations': 'Global (400+ locations)'
}
},
'compute': {
'service': 'Multi-region Lambda or ECS',
'purpose': 'Active-active deployment',
'configuration': {
'regions': 'us-east-1 (primary), eu-west-1 (secondary)',
'deployment': 'Blue/Green in each region',
'traffic_split': '70/30 or 50/50'
}
},
'database': {
'service': 'DynamoDB Global Tables or Aurora Global',
'purpose': 'Multi-region replication',
'configuration': {
'replication': 'Sub-second replication lag',
'read_locality': 'Read from nearest region',
'write_forwarding': 'Aurora Global write forwarding',
'conflict_resolution': 'Last writer wins'
}
},
'storage': {
'service': 'S3 Cross-Region Replication',
'purpose': 'Replicate data across regions',
'configuration': {
'replication': 'Async replication to secondary',
'versioning': 'Required for CRR',
'replication_time_control': '15 minutes SLA'
}
}
},
'estimated_cost': {
'monthly_usd': self._calculate_three_tier_cost() * 1.8,
'breakdown': {
'Route 53': '10-30 USD',
'CloudFront': '20-100 USD',
'Compute (2 regions)': '100-500 USD',
'Database (Global Tables)': '200-800 USD',
'Data transfer (cross-region)': '50-200 USD'
}
},
'pros': [
'Global low latency',
'High availability (99.99%+)',
'Disaster recovery built-in',
'Data sovereignty compliance',
'Automatic failover'
],
'cons': [
'1.5-2x costs vs single region',
'Complex deployment pipeline',
'Data consistency challenges',
'More operational overhead',
'Cross-region data transfer costs'
],
'scaling_characteristics': {
'users_supported': '100k - 100M',
'requests_per_second': '10,000 - 10,000,000',
'scaling_method': 'Per-region auto-scaling + global routing'
}
}
def _calculate_serverless_cost(self) -> float:
"""Estimate serverless architecture cost."""
requests_per_month = self.requests_per_second * 2_592_000 # 30 days
lambda_cost = (requests_per_month / 1_000_000) * 0.20 # $0.20 per 1M requests
api_gateway_cost = (requests_per_month / 1_000_000) * 3.50 # $3.50 per 1M requests
dynamodb_cost = max(5, self.data_size_gb * 0.25) # $0.25 per GB/month
cloudfront_cost = max(10, self.expected_users * 0.01)
total = lambda_cost + api_gateway_cost + dynamodb_cost + cloudfront_cost
return min(total, self.budget_monthly) # Cap at budget
def _calculate_three_tier_cost(self) -> float:
"""Estimate three-tier architecture cost."""
fargate_tasks = max(2, self.expected_users // 5000)
fargate_cost = fargate_tasks * 30 # ~$30 per task/month
rds_cost = 150 # db.t3.medium baseline
elasticache_cost = 40 # cache.t3.micro
alb_cost = 25
total = fargate_cost + rds_cost + elasticache_cost + alb_cost
return min(total, self.budget_monthly)
def _calculate_data_pipeline_cost(self) -> float:
"""Estimate data pipeline cost."""
shards = max(1, self.data_size_gb // 10)
kinesis_cost = shards * 15 # $15 per shard/month
s3_cost = self.data_size_gb * 0.023 # $0.023 per GB/month
lambda_cost = 20 # Processing
athena_cost = 15 # Queries
total = kinesis_cost + s3_cost + lambda_cost + athena_cost
return min(total, self.budget_monthly)
def generate_service_checklist(self) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
"""Generate implementation checklist for recommended architecture."""
architecture = self.recommend_architecture_pattern()
checklist = [
{
'phase': 'Planning',
'tasks': [
'Review architecture pattern and services',
'Estimate costs using AWS Pricing Calculator',
'Define environment strategy (dev, staging, prod)',
'Set up AWS Organization and accounts',
'Define tagging strategy for resources'
]
},
{
'phase': 'Foundation',
'tasks': [
'Create VPC with public/private subnets',
'Configure NAT Gateway or VPC endpoints',
'Set up IAM roles and policies',
'Enable CloudTrail for audit logging',
'Configure AWS Config for compliance'
]
},
{
'phase': 'Core Services',
'tasks': [
f"Deploy {service['service']}"
for service in architecture['services'].values()
]
},
{
'phase': 'Security',
'tasks': [
'Configure security groups and NACLs',
'Enable encryption (KMS) for all services',
'Set up AWS WAF rules',
'Configure Secrets Manager',
'Enable GuardDuty for threat detection'
]
},
{
'phase': 'Monitoring',
'tasks': [
'Create CloudWatch dashboards',
'Set up alarms for critical metrics',
'Configure SNS topics for notifications',
'Enable X-Ray for distributed tracing',
'Set up log aggregation and retention'
]
},
{
'phase': 'CI/CD',
'tasks': [
'Set up CodePipeline or GitHub Actions',
'Configure automated testing',
'Implement blue/green deployment',
'Set up rollback procedures',
'Document deployment process'
]
}
]
return checklist