ci: make sanitizer builds fail fast

[jac0626]

Summary

• Make ASan/UBSan builds fail fast by replacing sanitizer recover mode with -fno-sanitize-recover=address,undefined.
• Keep the test runner unchanged; sanitizer failures now produce a nonzero test process exit code directly.

Fixes #1960

Validation

• git diff --check
• bash -n scripts/testing/test_parallel_by_name.sh
• Verified AppleClang accepts -fsanitize=address,undefined -fno-sanitize-recover=address,undefined -fno-sanitize=vptr.
• Verified a temporary UBSan repro exits nonzero with the new fail-fast flags.

[mergify]

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[gemini-code-assist]

Code Review

This pull request updates the parallel test script to redirect stderr to log files and introduces a post-test check for sanitizer errors (ASan, UBSan, LSan). If any sanitizer issues are detected, the script now prints the relevant log and ensures the overall test run is marked as a failure. The review feedback suggests using more idiomatic bash syntax for boolean flag evaluations to improve the robustness of the script.

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