[Java][FlightSQL] Implement prepared statement

[asfimport]

Acceptance Criteria

• FlightSQLClient can request a prepared statement for a single query. Parameter binding is not part of this ticket.
• FlightSQLProducer can return a FlightSQLClient's prepared statement request.
• FlightSQL sample application has a prepared statement use case implemented.

Reporter: Tiffany Lam / @tifflhl

_{Note: This issue was originally created as ARROW-12930. Please see the migration documentation for further details.}

[asfimport]

Todd Farmer / @toddfarmer:
This issue was last updated over 90 days ago, which may be an indication it is no longer being actively worked. To better reflect the current state, the issue is being unassigned. Please feel free to re-take assignment of the issue if it is being actively worked, or if you plan to start that work soon.

[lidavidm]

Prepared statements are supported.