[Java][FlightSQL] Implement simple single query execution

[asfimport]

Acceptance Criteria

• FlightSQLClient is able to connect to a FlightServer with a FlightSQLProducer to execute a simple query, e.g. select * from test_table.
• FlightSQL sample application has a query execution implemented.

Reporter: Tiffany Lam / @tifflhl

_{Note: This issue was originally created as ARROW-12929. Please see the migration documentation for further details.}

[asfimport]

Todd Farmer / @toddfarmer:
This issue was last updated over 90 days ago, which may be an indication it is no longer being actively worked. To better reflect the current state, the issue is being unassigned. Please feel free to re-take assignment of the issue if it is being actively worked, or if you plan to start that work soon.

[lidavidm]

Basic queries are supported.