GH-49628: [Python][Interchange protocol] Suppress warnings for pandas 4.0.0 and update docs

[AlenkaF]

Rationale for this change

Pandas is moving the dataframe interchange protocol out of the repo in the next major release (4.0.0).

What changes are included in this PR?

Filterwarnings are added and the pandas example is removed from the interchange documentation.

Are these changes tested?

Yes, via CI.

Are there any user-facing changes?

No.

• GitHub Issue: [Python][Interchange protocol] Suppress warnings for pandas 4.0.0 and update docs #49628

[AlenkaF]

@github-actions crossbow submit preview-docs

[github-actions]

Revision: 3a1ec92

Submitted crossbow builds: ursacomputing/crossbow @ actions-6bf4a861d6

Task	Status
preview-docs

[AlenkaF]

Docs change: https://s3.amazonaws.com/arrow-data/pr_docs/49630/python/interchange_protocol.html#from-other-libraries-to-pyarrow-from-dataframe

There are no warnings present after docs doctest: https://github.com/apache/arrow/actions/runs/23837535049/job/69484852431?pr=49630#step:6:4427.

But I must have missed examples in the tests so I need to update those.

[AlenkaF]

The logs are clean, no deprecation warnings visible:

• https://github.com/apache/arrow/actions/runs/23839674604/job/69491836354?pr=49630#step:6:4348
• https://github.com/apache/arrow/actions/runs/23839674604/job/69491836364?pr=49630#step:6:4367

[raulcd]

LGTM, @jorisvandenbossche do you want to take a final look before I merge for the release? I plan to do the feature freeze later today.

[jorisvandenbossche]

All good!

[conbench-apache-arrow]

After merging your PR, Conbench analyzed the 3 benchmarking runs that have been run so far on merge-commit fe298b4.

There were no benchmark performance regressions. 🎉

The full Conbench report has more details. It also includes information about 1 possible false positive for unstable benchmarks that are known to sometimes produce them.