diff --git a/sdks/java/io/google-cloud-platform/build.gradle b/sdks/java/io/google-cloud-platform/build.gradle
index d72afac96b0d..43e16288348e 100644
--- a/sdks/java/io/google-cloud-platform/build.gradle
+++ b/sdks/java/io/google-cloud-platform/build.gradle
@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@ dependencies {
   implementation library.java.google_api_common
   implementation library.java.google_api_services_bigquery
   implementation library.java.opentelemetry_api
+  implementation library.java.opentelemetry_context
   implementation library.java.google_api_services_healthcare
   implementation library.java.google_api_services_pubsub
   implementation library.java.google_api_services_storage
diff --git a/sdks/java/io/google-cloud-platform/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/io/gcp/pubsub/PubsubIO.java b/sdks/java/io/google-cloud-platform/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/io/gcp/pubsub/PubsubIO.java
index ee4e283cc2f2..fa2399abd91c 100644
--- a/sdks/java/io/google-cloud-platform/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/io/gcp/pubsub/PubsubIO.java
+++ b/sdks/java/io/google-cloud-platform/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/io/gcp/pubsub/PubsubIO.java
@@ -28,9 +28,17 @@
 import com.google.protobuf.DynamicMessage;
 import com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException;
 import com.google.protobuf.Message;
+import io.opentelemetry.api.trace.Span;
+import io.opentelemetry.api.trace.Tracer;
+import io.opentelemetry.api.trace.propagation.W3CTraceContextPropagator;
+import io.opentelemetry.context.Context;
+import io.opentelemetry.context.Scope;
+import io.opentelemetry.context.propagation.TextMapGetter;
+import io.opentelemetry.context.propagation.TextMapSetter;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.Serializable;
 import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Objects;
@@ -52,6 +60,7 @@
 import org.apache.beam.sdk.io.gcp.pubsub.PubsubClient.TopicPath;
 import org.apache.beam.sdk.metrics.Lineage;
 import org.apache.beam.sdk.options.PipelineOptions;
+import org.apache.beam.sdk.options.SdkHarnessOptions;
 import org.apache.beam.sdk.options.ValueProvider;
 import org.apache.beam.sdk.options.ValueProvider.NestedValueProvider;
 import org.apache.beam.sdk.options.ValueProvider.StaticValueProvider;
@@ -90,6 +99,7 @@
 import org.apache.beam.vendor.guava.v32_1_2_jre.com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
 import org.apache.beam.vendor.guava.v32_1_2_jre.com.google.common.collect.Lists;
 import org.apache.beam.vendor.guava.v32_1_2_jre.com.google.common.collect.Maps;
+import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.MonotonicNonNull;
 import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
 import org.joda.time.Instant;
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
@@ -880,6 +890,8 @@ public abstract static class Read<T> extends PTransform<PBegin, PCollection<T>>
 
     abstract boolean getNeedsMessageId();
 
+    abstract boolean isEnableOpenTelemetryTracing();
+
     abstract boolean getNeedsOrderingKey();
 
     abstract BadRecordRouter getBadRecordRouter();
@@ -900,6 +912,7 @@ static <T> Builder<T> newBuilder(SerializableFunction<PubsubMessage, T> parseFn)
       builder.setBadRecordRouter(BadRecordRouter.THROWING_ROUTER);
       builder.setBadRecordErrorHandler(new DefaultErrorHandler<>());
       builder.setValidate(false);
+      builder.setEnableOpenTelemetryTracing(false);
       return builder;
     }
 
@@ -922,6 +935,8 @@ abstract static class Builder<T> {
 
       abstract Builder<T> setIdAttribute(String idAttribute);
 
+      abstract Builder<T> setEnableOpenTelemetryTracing(boolean enableOpenTelemetryTracing);
+
       abstract Builder<T> setCoder(Coder<T> coder);
 
       abstract Builder<T> setParseFn(SerializableFunction<PubsubMessage, T> parseFn);
@@ -1105,6 +1120,66 @@ public Read<T> withIdAttribute(String idAttribute) {
       return toBuilder().setIdAttribute(idAttribute).build();
     }
 
+    public Read<T> withEnableOpenTelemetryTracing() {
+      return toBuilder().setEnableOpenTelemetryTracing(true).setNeedsAttributes(true).build();
+    }
+
+    static class OpenTelemetryHeaderConsumer extends DoFn<PubsubMessage, PubsubMessage> {
+
+      Context extractSpanContext(PubsubMessage message) {
+        TextMapGetter<PubsubMessage> extractMessageAttributes =
+            new TextMapGetter<PubsubMessage>() {
+              @Override
+              public @Nullable String get(@Nullable PubsubMessage carrier, String key) {
+                if (carrier == null) {
+                  return null;
+                }
+                return carrier.getAttribute("googclient_" + key);
+              }
+
+              @Override
+              public Iterable<String> keys(PubsubMessage carrier) {
+                Map<String, String> attributeMap = carrier.getAttributeMap();
+                if (attributeMap == null) {
+                  return ImmutableList.of();
+                }
+                List<String> keys = new java.util.ArrayList<>();
+                for (String key : attributeMap.keySet()) {
+                  if (key.startsWith("googclient_")) {
+                    keys.add(key.substring("googclient_".length()));
+                  }
+                }
+                return keys;
+              }
+            };
+        return W3CTraceContextPropagator.getInstance()
+            .extract(Context.current(), message, extractMessageAttributes);
+      }
+
+      @Setup
+      public void setup(PipelineOptions po) {
+        tracer = po.as(SdkHarnessOptions.class).getOpenTelemetry().getTracer("PubSubIO");
+      }
+
+      private transient @MonotonicNonNull Tracer tracer = null;
+
+      @ProcessElement
+      public void processElement(
+          @Element PubsubMessage message, OutputReceiver<PubsubMessage> output) {
+        @Nullable Context context = extractSpanContext(message);
+        Span span =
+            checkArgumentNotNull(tracer)
+                .spanBuilder("PubSubIO.Read")
+                .setParent(context)
+                .startSpan();
+        try (Scope s = span.makeCurrent()) {
+          output.output(message);
+        } finally {
+          span.end();
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
     /**
      * Causes the source to return a PubsubMessage that includes Pubsub attributes, and uses the
      * given parsing function to transform the PubsubMessage into an output type. A Coder for the
@@ -1234,6 +1309,12 @@ public T apply(PubsubMessage input) {
           };
       ValueProvider<PubsubTopic> deadLetterTopicProvider = getDeadLetterTopicProvider();
       PCollection<T> read;
+      if (isEnableOpenTelemetryTracing()) {
+        preParse =
+            preParse.apply(
+                "Extract OpenTelemetry context from Header",
+                ParDo.of(new OpenTelemetryHeaderConsumer()));
+      }
       if (deadLetterTopicProvider == null
           && (getBadRecordRouter() instanceof ThrowingBadRecordRouter)) {
         read = preParse.apply(MapElements.into(typeDescriptor).via(parseFnWrapped));
@@ -1413,6 +1494,8 @@ public abstract static class Write<T> extends PTransform<PCollection<T>, PDone>
 
     abstract @Nullable String getPubsubRootUrl();
 
+    abstract boolean isEnableOpenTelemetryTracing();
+
     abstract boolean getPublishWithOrderingKey();
 
     abstract BadRecordRouter getBadRecordRouter();
@@ -1432,6 +1515,7 @@ static <T> Builder<T> newBuilder(
       builder.setBadRecordErrorHandler(new DefaultErrorHandler<>());
       builder.setPublishWithOrderingKey(false);
       builder.setValidate(false);
+      builder.setEnableOpenTelemetryTracing(false);
       return builder;
     }
 
@@ -1456,6 +1540,8 @@ abstract Builder<T> setTopicFunction(
 
       abstract Builder<T> setTimestampAttribute(String timestampAttribute);
 
+      abstract Builder<T> setEnableOpenTelemetryTracing(boolean enableOpenTelemetryTracing);
+
       abstract Builder<T> setIdAttribute(String idAttribute);
 
       abstract Builder<T> setFormatFn(
@@ -1475,6 +1561,41 @@ abstract Builder<T> setBadRecordErrorHandler(
       abstract Write<T> build();
     }
 
+    static class OpenTelemetryHeaderPropagator extends DoFn<PubsubMessage, PubsubMessage> {
+      void injectSpanContext(Map<String, String> attr) {
+        TextMapSetter<Map<String, String>> inject =
+            new TextMapSetter<Map<String, String>>() {
+              @Override
+              public void set(@Nullable Map<String, String> attr, String key, String value) {
+                if (attr != null) {
+                  attr.put("googclient_" + key, value);
+                }
+              }
+            };
+        W3CTraceContextPropagator.getInstance().inject(Context.current(), attr, inject);
+      }
+
+      @ProcessElement
+      public void processElement(
+          @Element PubsubMessage message, OutputReceiver<PubsubMessage> output) {
+        Map<String, String> attributeMap = message.getAttributeMap();
+        Map<String, String> attr =
+            attributeMap == null ? new HashMap<>() : new HashMap<>(attributeMap);
+        injectSpanContext(attr);
+
+        // copy the message, multiple fields
+        PubsubMessage ps =
+            new PubsubMessage(
+                message.getPayload(), attr, message.getMessageId(), message.getOrderingKey());
+
+        // topic is copied seperately, not via constructor
+        if (message.getTopic() != null) {
+          ps = ps.withTopic(message.getTopic());
+        }
+        output.output(ps);
+      }
+    }
+
     /**
      * Publishes to the specified topic.
      *
@@ -1550,6 +1671,10 @@ public Write<T> withMaxBatchBytesSize(int maxBatchBytesSize) {
       return toBuilder().setMaxBatchBytesSize(maxBatchBytesSize).build();
     }
 
+    public Write<T> withEnableOpenTelemetryTracing() {
+      return toBuilder().setEnableOpenTelemetryTracing(true).build();
+    }
+
     /**
      * Writes to Pub/Sub with each record's ordering key. A subscription with message ordering
      * enabled will receive messages published in the same region with the same ordering key in the
@@ -1657,6 +1782,11 @@ public PDone expand(PCollection<T> input) {
       } else {
         pubsubMessages.setCoder(PubsubMessageWithTopicCoder.of());
       }
+      if (isEnableOpenTelemetryTracing()) {
+        pubsubMessages =
+            pubsubMessages.apply(
+                "Propagate OpenTelemetry Tracing", ParDo.of(new OpenTelemetryHeaderPropagator()));
+      }
       switch (input.isBounded()) {
         case BOUNDED:
           pubsubMessages.apply(