Add regression coverage for DATE interval overflow (#22519)

## Summary

- add sqllogictest coverage for DATE + INTERVAL day overflow near the
Date32 boundary
- assert the issue repro returns the existing `Date arithmetic overflow`
error instead of panicking

Closes #22233.

## Notes

Current upstream `main` already returns the expected overflow error for
this repro, so this PR is regression coverage only.

## Tests

- `cargo test -p datafusion-expr-common test_overflow_handling --
--nocapture`
- `cargo test --profile=ci --test sqllogictests --
datetime/arith_date_interval.slt`

Co-authored-by: Puneet Dixit <puneetdixit200@users.noreply.github.com>

Author: puneetdixit200

datafusion/sqllogictest/test_files/datetime/arith_date_interval.slt

@@ -47,3 +47,6 @@ SELECT arrow_cast('2020-01-01', 'Date64') + INTERVAL '999999' YEAR
 
 query error Arrow error: Compute error: Date arithmetic overflow
 SELECT arrow_cast('2020-01-01', 'Date64') - INTERVAL '999999' YEAR
+
+query error Arrow error: Compute error: Date arithmetic overflow
+SELECT DATE '2262-04-10' + INTERVAL '999999999' DAY