Guard insert placeholder zero

datafusion/sql/src/statement.rs

@@ -2435,17 +2435,23 @@ impl<S: ContextProvider> SqlToRel<'_, S> {
                         span: _,
                     }) = val
                     {
-                        let name =
-                            name.replace('$', "").parse::<usize>().map_err(|_| {
-                                plan_datafusion_err!("Can't parse placeholder: {name}")
-                            })? - 1;
+                        let index = match name[1..].parse::<usize>().map_err(|_| {
+                            plan_datafusion_err!("Can't parse placeholder: {name}")
+                        })? {
+                            0 => {
+                                return plan_err!(
+                                    "Invalid placeholder, zero is not a valid index: {name}"
+                                );
+                            }
+                            index => index - 1,
+                        };
                         let field = fields.get(idx).ok_or_else(|| {
                             plan_datafusion_err!(
                                 "Placeholder ${} refers to a non existent column",
                                 idx + 1
                             )
                         })?;
-                        let _ = prepare_param_data_types.insert(name, Arc::clone(field));
+                        let _ = prepare_param_data_types.insert(index, Arc::clone(field));
                     }
                 }
             }

datafusion/sqllogictest/test_files/insert_values_placeholders.slt

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+##########
+## INSERT VALUES placeholder tests
+##########
+
+statement ok
+CREATE TABLE placeholder_zero_insert(x BIGINT NULL);
+
+query error DataFusion error: Error during planning: Invalid placeholder, zero is not a valid index: \$0
+EXPLAIN INSERT INTO placeholder_zero_insert VALUES ($0);