Benchmark single-column GROUP BY: hash vs direct-indexed flat array

[nathanb9]

Summary

• Adds GroupValuesFlatPrimitive, a direct-indexing GroupValues implementation for integer GROUP BY columns with bounded value ranges (no hashing, O(1) array lookup via value - min)
• Adds a benchmark (single_group_by_primitive) comparing hash-based GroupValuesPrimitive vs GroupValuesFlatPrimitive
• Makes single_group_by and primitive modules public for benchmark access

Benchmark design

Uses the same iter_batched_ref methodology as the multi-column GROUP BY benchmark in #22322:

• Construction is in setup (not timed)
• Only intern() calls are measured
• black_box prevents dead-code elimination

Three experiments:

1. Group count sweep (10–100K groups, 1M rows) — measures scaling with cardinality
2. Density sweep (10K groups, 10%–100% density) — measures flat array sparsity impact
3. Row count scaling (10K groups, 1M–10M rows) — measures per-row cost compounding

Local results (Apple Silicon, release mode, iter_batched_ref)

Groups	Hash	Flat	Speedup
10	1.41ms	0.96ms	1.47x
100	1.38ms	0.97ms	1.43x
1,000	1.52ms	0.98ms	1.55x
10,000	2.31ms	0.97ms	2.37x
100,000	4.53ms	1.52ms	2.99x

Related

• Part of Support grouped aggregates with known min/max statistics #19938
• Inspired by ArrayMap in joins/array_map.rs (perfect hash join, PR perfect hash join #19411)
• Complements multi-column benchmark in Benchmark multi-column GROUP BY performance #22322

Test plan

• cargo test -p datafusion-physical-plan --lib flat_primitive — 5 unit tests pass
• cargo clippy -p datafusion-physical-plan --benches -- -D warnings — clean
• cargo bench -p datafusion-physical-plan --bench single_group_by_primitive — runs successfully

🤖 Generated with Claude Code + reviewed by me 😃

[Dandandan]

run benchmarks

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🤖 Benchmark running (GKE) | trigger
Instance: c4a-highmem-16 (12 vCPU / 65 GiB) | Linux bench-c4536855000-314-wqrfc 6.12.68+ #1 SMP Wed Apr 1 02:23:28 UTC 2026 aarch64 GNU/Linux

CPU Details (lscpu)

Architecture:                            aarch64
CPU op-mode(s):                          64-bit
Byte Order:                              Little Endian
CPU(s):                                  16
On-line CPU(s) list:                     0-15
Vendor ID:                               ARM
Model name:                              Neoverse-V2
Model:                                   1
Thread(s) per core:                      1
Core(s) per cluster:                     16
Socket(s):                               -
Cluster(s):                              1
Stepping:                                r0p1
BogoMIPS:                                2000.00
Flags:                                   fp asimd evtstrm aes pmull sha1 sha2 crc32 atomics fphp asimdhp cpuid asimdrdm jscvt fcma lrcpc dcpop sha3 sm3 sm4 asimddp sha512 sve asimdfhm dit uscat ilrcpc flagm sb paca pacg dcpodp sve2 sveaes svepmull svebitperm svesha3 svesm4 flagm2 frint svei8mm svebf16 i8mm bf16 dgh rng bti
L1d cache:                               1 MiB (16 instances)
L1i cache:                               1 MiB (16 instances)
L2 cache:                                32 MiB (16 instances)
L3 cache:                                80 MiB (1 instance)
NUMA node(s):                            1
NUMA node0 CPU(s):                       0-15
Vulnerability Gather data sampling:      Not affected
Vulnerability Indirect target selection: Not affected
Vulnerability Itlb multihit:             Not affected
Vulnerability L1tf:                      Not affected
Vulnerability Mds:                       Not affected
Vulnerability Meltdown:                  Not affected
Vulnerability Mmio stale data:           Not affected
Vulnerability Reg file data sampling:    Not affected
Vulnerability Retbleed:                  Not affected
Vulnerability Spec rstack overflow:      Not affected
Vulnerability Spec store bypass:         Mitigation; Speculative Store Bypass disabled via prctl
Vulnerability Spectre v1:                Mitigation; __user pointer sanitization
Vulnerability Spectre v2:                Mitigation; CSV2, BHB
Vulnerability Srbds:                     Not affected
Vulnerability Tsa:                       Not affected
Vulnerability Tsx async abort:           Not affected
Vulnerability Vmscape:                   Not affected

Comparing benchmark-single-group-by-flat-primitive (c2c07a4) to b382ecd (merge-base) diff using: tpch
Results will be posted here when complete

---

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🤖 Benchmark running (GKE) | trigger
Instance: c4a-highmem-16 (12 vCPU / 65 GiB) | Linux bench-c4536855000-312-frlpz 6.12.68+ #1 SMP Wed Apr 1 02:23:28 UTC 2026 aarch64 GNU/Linux

CPU Details (lscpu)

Architecture:                            aarch64
CPU op-mode(s):                          64-bit
Byte Order:                              Little Endian
CPU(s):                                  16
On-line CPU(s) list:                     0-15
Vendor ID:                               ARM
Model name:                              Neoverse-V2
Model:                                   1
Thread(s) per core:                      1
Core(s) per cluster:                     16
Socket(s):                               -
Cluster(s):                              1
Stepping:                                r0p1
BogoMIPS:                                2000.00
Flags:                                   fp asimd evtstrm aes pmull sha1 sha2 crc32 atomics fphp asimdhp cpuid asimdrdm jscvt fcma lrcpc dcpop sha3 sm3 sm4 asimddp sha512 sve asimdfhm dit uscat ilrcpc flagm sb paca pacg dcpodp sve2 sveaes svepmull svebitperm svesha3 svesm4 flagm2 frint svei8mm svebf16 i8mm bf16 dgh rng bti
L1d cache:                               1 MiB (16 instances)
L1i cache:                               1 MiB (16 instances)
L2 cache:                                32 MiB (16 instances)
L3 cache:                                80 MiB (1 instance)
NUMA node(s):                            1
NUMA node0 CPU(s):                       0-15
Vulnerability Gather data sampling:      Not affected
Vulnerability Indirect target selection: Not affected
Vulnerability Itlb multihit:             Not affected
Vulnerability L1tf:                      Not affected
Vulnerability Mds:                       Not affected
Vulnerability Meltdown:                  Not affected
Vulnerability Mmio stale data:           Not affected
Vulnerability Reg file data sampling:    Not affected
Vulnerability Retbleed:                  Not affected
Vulnerability Spec rstack overflow:      Not affected
Vulnerability Spec store bypass:         Mitigation; Speculative Store Bypass disabled via prctl
Vulnerability Spectre v1:                Mitigation; __user pointer sanitization
Vulnerability Spectre v2:                Mitigation; CSV2, BHB
Vulnerability Srbds:                     Not affected
Vulnerability Tsa:                       Not affected
Vulnerability Tsx async abort:           Not affected
Vulnerability Vmscape:                   Not affected

Comparing benchmark-single-group-by-flat-primitive (c2c07a4) to b382ecd (merge-base) diff using: clickbench_partitioned
Results will be posted here when complete

---

File an issue against this benchmark runner

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🤖 Benchmark running (GKE) | trigger
Instance: c4a-highmem-16 (12 vCPU / 65 GiB) | Linux bench-c4536855000-313-2wxzv 6.12.68+ #1 SMP Wed Apr 1 02:23:28 UTC 2026 aarch64 GNU/Linux

CPU Details (lscpu)

Architecture:                            aarch64
CPU op-mode(s):                          64-bit
Byte Order:                              Little Endian
CPU(s):                                  16
On-line CPU(s) list:                     0-15
Vendor ID:                               ARM
Model name:                              Neoverse-V2
Model:                                   1
Thread(s) per core:                      1
Core(s) per cluster:                     16
Socket(s):                               -
Cluster(s):                              1
Stepping:                                r0p1
BogoMIPS:                                2000.00
Flags:                                   fp asimd evtstrm aes pmull sha1 sha2 crc32 atomics fphp asimdhp cpuid asimdrdm jscvt fcma lrcpc dcpop sha3 sm3 sm4 asimddp sha512 sve asimdfhm dit uscat ilrcpc flagm sb paca pacg dcpodp sve2 sveaes svepmull svebitperm svesha3 svesm4 flagm2 frint svei8mm svebf16 i8mm bf16 dgh rng bti
L1d cache:                               1 MiB (16 instances)
L1i cache:                               1 MiB (16 instances)
L2 cache:                                32 MiB (16 instances)
L3 cache:                                80 MiB (1 instance)
NUMA node(s):                            1
NUMA node0 CPU(s):                       0-15
Vulnerability Gather data sampling:      Not affected
Vulnerability Indirect target selection: Not affected
Vulnerability Itlb multihit:             Not affected
Vulnerability L1tf:                      Not affected
Vulnerability Mds:                       Not affected
Vulnerability Meltdown:                  Not affected
Vulnerability Mmio stale data:           Not affected
Vulnerability Reg file data sampling:    Not affected
Vulnerability Retbleed:                  Not affected
Vulnerability Spec rstack overflow:      Not affected
Vulnerability Spec store bypass:         Mitigation; Speculative Store Bypass disabled via prctl
Vulnerability Spectre v1:                Mitigation; __user pointer sanitization
Vulnerability Spectre v2:                Mitigation; CSV2, BHB
Vulnerability Srbds:                     Not affected
Vulnerability Tsa:                       Not affected
Vulnerability Tsx async abort:           Not affected
Vulnerability Vmscape:                   Not affected

Comparing benchmark-single-group-by-flat-primitive (c2c07a4) to b382ecd (merge-base) diff using: tpcds
Results will be posted here when complete

---

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🤖 Benchmark completed (GKE) | trigger

Instance: c4a-highmem-16 (12 vCPU / 65 GiB)

CPU Details (lscpu)

Architecture:                            aarch64
CPU op-mode(s):                          64-bit
Byte Order:                              Little Endian
CPU(s):                                  16
On-line CPU(s) list:                     0-15
Vendor ID:                               ARM
Model name:                              Neoverse-V2
Model:                                   1
Thread(s) per core:                      1
Core(s) per cluster:                     16
Socket(s):                               -
Cluster(s):                              1
Stepping:                                r0p1
BogoMIPS:                                2000.00
Flags:                                   fp asimd evtstrm aes pmull sha1 sha2 crc32 atomics fphp asimdhp cpuid asimdrdm jscvt fcma lrcpc dcpop sha3 sm3 sm4 asimddp sha512 sve asimdfhm dit uscat ilrcpc flagm sb paca pacg dcpodp sve2 sveaes svepmull svebitperm svesha3 svesm4 flagm2 frint svei8mm svebf16 i8mm bf16 dgh rng bti
L1d cache:                               1 MiB (16 instances)
L1i cache:                               1 MiB (16 instances)
L2 cache:                                32 MiB (16 instances)
L3 cache:                                80 MiB (1 instance)
NUMA node(s):                            1
NUMA node0 CPU(s):                       0-15
Vulnerability Gather data sampling:      Not affected
Vulnerability Indirect target selection: Not affected
Vulnerability Itlb multihit:             Not affected
Vulnerability L1tf:                      Not affected
Vulnerability Mds:                       Not affected
Vulnerability Meltdown:                  Not affected
Vulnerability Mmio stale data:           Not affected
Vulnerability Reg file data sampling:    Not affected
Vulnerability Retbleed:                  Not affected
Vulnerability Spec rstack overflow:      Not affected
Vulnerability Spec store bypass:         Mitigation; Speculative Store Bypass disabled via prctl
Vulnerability Spectre v1:                Mitigation; __user pointer sanitization
Vulnerability Spectre v2:                Mitigation; CSV2, BHB
Vulnerability Srbds:                     Not affected
Vulnerability Tsa:                       Not affected
Vulnerability Tsx async abort:           Not affected
Vulnerability Vmscape:                   Not affected

Details

Comparing HEAD and benchmark-single-group-by-flat-primitive
--------------------
Benchmark tpch_sf1.json
--------------------
┏━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓
┃ Query     ┃                           HEAD ┃ benchmark-single-group-by-flat-primitive ┃        Change ┃
┡━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┩
│ QQuery 1  │ 38.85 / 40.56 ±1.95 / 43.82 ms │           39.03 / 39.63 ±0.91 / 41.42 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 2  │ 19.81 / 20.04 ±0.25 / 20.46 ms │           19.65 / 19.99 ±0.33 / 20.52 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 3  │ 33.34 / 35.59 ±1.18 / 36.67 ms │           32.91 / 35.09 ±1.51 / 36.39 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 4  │ 17.33 / 17.75 ±0.63 / 19.00 ms │           17.29 / 17.38 ±0.10 / 17.57 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 5  │ 39.72 / 43.01 ±2.01 / 46.07 ms │           40.17 / 42.20 ±1.06 / 43.06 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 6  │ 16.36 / 17.79 ±1.16 / 19.09 ms │           16.26 / 16.42 ±0.12 / 16.60 ms │ +1.08x faster │
│ QQuery 7  │ 46.73 / 48.01 ±1.05 / 49.67 ms │           48.18 / 48.77 ±0.82 / 50.39 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 8  │ 44.97 / 45.08 ±0.08 / 45.20 ms │           44.38 / 45.10 ±1.07 / 47.22 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 9  │ 49.61 / 50.32 ±0.42 / 50.82 ms │           49.93 / 52.58 ±2.04 / 55.04 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 10 │ 64.06 / 64.73 ±0.82 / 66.33 ms │           63.63 / 64.27 ±1.06 / 66.39 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 11 │ 13.42 / 13.56 ±0.12 / 13.69 ms │           13.48 / 13.54 ±0.05 / 13.63 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 12 │ 24.05 / 24.36 ±0.25 / 24.66 ms │           24.10 / 24.50 ±0.28 / 24.83 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 13 │ 34.62 / 35.93 ±1.16 / 38.03 ms │           33.48 / 35.81 ±2.52 / 40.18 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 14 │ 25.55 / 25.79 ±0.24 / 26.21 ms │           25.37 / 25.59 ±0.14 / 25.81 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 15 │ 31.49 / 32.01 ±0.73 / 33.45 ms │           31.75 / 33.99 ±1.90 / 36.18 ms │  1.06x slower │
│ QQuery 16 │ 14.87 / 15.28 ±0.36 / 15.93 ms │           14.74 / 14.83 ±0.07 / 14.92 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 17 │ 75.15 / 76.01 ±0.60 / 76.71 ms │           74.97 / 76.69 ±1.21 / 78.61 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 18 │ 63.97 / 64.56 ±0.67 / 65.82 ms │           61.88 / 63.30 ±1.28 / 65.43 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 19 │ 34.00 / 35.06 ±0.93 / 36.60 ms │           33.77 / 34.07 ±0.19 / 34.30 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 20 │ 37.90 / 38.27 ±0.29 / 38.79 ms │           37.45 / 37.99 ±0.81 / 39.60 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 21 │ 56.52 / 58.88 ±2.55 / 63.53 ms │           56.02 / 57.01 ±0.94 / 58.31 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 22 │ 23.54 / 24.28 ±0.55 / 25.24 ms │           23.68 / 24.53 ±0.97 / 26.42 ms │     no change │
└───────────┴────────────────────────────────┴──────────────────────────────────────────┴───────────────┘
┏━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━┓
┃ Benchmark Summary                                       ┃          ┃
┡━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━┩
│ Total Time (HEAD)                                       │ 826.86ms │
│ Total Time (benchmark-single-group-by-flat-primitive)   │ 823.29ms │
│ Average Time (HEAD)                                     │  37.58ms │
│ Average Time (benchmark-single-group-by-flat-primitive) │  37.42ms │
│ Queries Faster                                          │        1 │
│ Queries Slower                                          │        1 │
│ Queries with No Change                                  │       20 │
│ Queries with Failure                                    │        0 │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┴──────────┘

Resource Usage

tpch — base (merge-base)

Metric	Value
Wall time	5.0s
Peak memory	5.5 GiB
Avg memory	5.0 GiB
CPU user	29.9s
CPU sys	2.3s
Peak spill	0 B

tpch — branch

Metric	Value
Wall time	5.0s
Peak memory	5.5 GiB
Avg memory	5.1 GiB
CPU user	29.7s
CPU sys	2.4s
Peak spill	0 B

---

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🤖 Benchmark completed (GKE) | trigger

Instance: c4a-highmem-16 (12 vCPU / 65 GiB)

CPU Details (lscpu)

Architecture:                            aarch64
CPU op-mode(s):                          64-bit
Byte Order:                              Little Endian
CPU(s):                                  16
On-line CPU(s) list:                     0-15
Vendor ID:                               ARM
Model name:                              Neoverse-V2
Model:                                   1
Thread(s) per core:                      1
Core(s) per cluster:                     16
Socket(s):                               -
Cluster(s):                              1
Stepping:                                r0p1
BogoMIPS:                                2000.00
Flags:                                   fp asimd evtstrm aes pmull sha1 sha2 crc32 atomics fphp asimdhp cpuid asimdrdm jscvt fcma lrcpc dcpop sha3 sm3 sm4 asimddp sha512 sve asimdfhm dit uscat ilrcpc flagm sb paca pacg dcpodp sve2 sveaes svepmull svebitperm svesha3 svesm4 flagm2 frint svei8mm svebf16 i8mm bf16 dgh rng bti
L1d cache:                               1 MiB (16 instances)
L1i cache:                               1 MiB (16 instances)
L2 cache:                                32 MiB (16 instances)
L3 cache:                                80 MiB (1 instance)
NUMA node(s):                            1
NUMA node0 CPU(s):                       0-15
Vulnerability Gather data sampling:      Not affected
Vulnerability Indirect target selection: Not affected
Vulnerability Itlb multihit:             Not affected
Vulnerability L1tf:                      Not affected
Vulnerability Mds:                       Not affected
Vulnerability Meltdown:                  Not affected
Vulnerability Mmio stale data:           Not affected
Vulnerability Reg file data sampling:    Not affected
Vulnerability Retbleed:                  Not affected
Vulnerability Spec rstack overflow:      Not affected
Vulnerability Spec store bypass:         Mitigation; Speculative Store Bypass disabled via prctl
Vulnerability Spectre v1:                Mitigation; __user pointer sanitization
Vulnerability Spectre v2:                Mitigation; CSV2, BHB
Vulnerability Srbds:                     Not affected
Vulnerability Tsa:                       Not affected
Vulnerability Tsx async abort:           Not affected
Vulnerability Vmscape:                   Not affected

Details

Comparing HEAD and benchmark-single-group-by-flat-primitive
--------------------
Benchmark tpcds_sf1.json
--------------------
┏━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓
┃ Query     ┃                                  HEAD ┃ benchmark-single-group-by-flat-primitive ┃        Change ┃
┡━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┩
│ QQuery 1  │           5.87 / 6.37 ±0.86 / 8.09 ms │              5.92 / 6.39 ±0.84 / 8.08 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 2  │        80.96 / 81.70 ±0.39 / 82.01 ms │           80.23 / 80.65 ±0.25 / 80.94 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 3  │        29.17 / 29.47 ±0.20 / 29.68 ms │           29.13 / 29.39 ±0.29 / 29.91 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 4  │     514.44 / 519.73 ±3.57 / 524.62 ms │        508.90 / 514.56 ±3.37 / 518.41 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 5  │        50.70 / 51.21 ±0.55 / 52.25 ms │           50.40 / 51.02 ±0.42 / 51.64 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 6  │        35.43 / 35.72 ±0.24 / 36.16 ms │           35.78 / 36.10 ±0.22 / 36.35 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 7  │     108.08 / 108.47 ±0.44 / 109.29 ms │        107.40 / 109.27 ±2.68 / 114.53 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 8  │        36.08 / 36.59 ±0.29 / 36.92 ms │           36.17 / 36.46 ±0.32 / 36.94 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 9  │        52.19 / 54.30 ±1.76 / 56.94 ms │           53.89 / 54.97 ±0.60 / 55.51 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 10 │        79.99 / 80.29 ±0.32 / 80.75 ms │           80.20 / 80.45 ±0.20 / 80.74 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 11 │     309.59 / 318.78 ±6.04 / 326.32 ms │        311.32 / 316.89 ±4.48 / 321.75 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 12 │        28.31 / 28.73 ±0.38 / 29.23 ms │           28.09 / 28.52 ±0.42 / 29.27 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 13 │     124.85 / 125.89 ±0.74 / 127.03 ms │        125.78 / 126.24 ±0.40 / 126.76 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 14 │     499.70 / 502.21 ±1.72 / 504.18 ms │        499.95 / 502.15 ±1.89 / 505.26 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 15 │        59.76 / 60.97 ±1.23 / 62.94 ms │           59.48 / 60.18 ±0.37 / 60.59 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 16 │           6.43 / 6.60 ±0.25 / 7.09 ms │              6.29 / 6.49 ±0.21 / 6.88 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 17 │        80.93 / 81.29 ±0.26 / 81.72 ms │           80.60 / 80.90 ±0.23 / 81.21 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 18 │     150.47 / 152.69 ±1.36 / 154.44 ms │        151.31 / 152.50 ±0.79 / 153.73 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 19 │        41.43 / 41.58 ±0.15 / 41.87 ms │           40.85 / 41.33 ±0.39 / 41.85 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 20 │        34.71 / 35.30 ±0.40 / 35.94 ms │           34.84 / 35.14 ±0.37 / 35.80 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 21 │        16.86 / 17.33 ±0.37 / 17.81 ms │           16.97 / 17.11 ±0.08 / 17.19 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 22 │        61.55 / 62.22 ±0.70 / 63.57 ms │           61.24 / 62.17 ±0.83 / 63.50 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 23 │     469.29 / 477.51 ±4.25 / 481.39 ms │        475.84 / 481.16 ±4.77 / 488.65 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 24 │     234.36 / 237.68 ±4.90 / 247.43 ms │        233.36 / 237.65 ±5.80 / 249.05 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 25 │     112.76 / 115.06 ±2.29 / 119.16 ms │        113.33 / 115.86 ±1.95 / 118.35 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 26 │        70.44 / 70.65 ±0.17 / 70.87 ms │           70.07 / 70.47 ±0.31 / 70.97 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 27 │           6.42 / 6.58 ±0.15 / 6.85 ms │              6.46 / 6.54 ±0.10 / 6.74 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 28 │        56.96 / 60.38 ±1.74 / 61.78 ms │           56.76 / 59.07 ±2.49 / 62.54 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 29 │      98.50 / 101.42 ±3.83 / 108.88 ms │         98.61 / 100.43 ±1.88 / 103.67 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 30 │        30.03 / 30.35 ±0.26 / 30.75 ms │           30.39 / 30.65 ±0.26 / 31.05 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 31 │     111.25 / 113.29 ±2.79 / 118.51 ms │        110.85 / 112.30 ±1.83 / 115.78 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 32 │        20.02 / 20.43 ±0.36 / 21.09 ms │           19.97 / 20.34 ±0.35 / 20.91 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 33 │        38.46 / 38.74 ±0.17 / 38.95 ms │           38.40 / 38.67 ±0.17 / 38.87 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 34 │           9.21 / 9.50 ±0.21 / 9.73 ms │              9.24 / 9.46 ±0.22 / 9.75 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 35 │        79.68 / 80.12 ±0.59 / 81.27 ms │           79.36 / 80.10 ±0.43 / 80.57 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 36 │           5.77 / 5.87 ±0.16 / 6.19 ms │              5.76 / 5.95 ±0.16 / 6.24 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 37 │           6.61 / 6.76 ±0.15 / 7.02 ms │              6.70 / 6.81 ±0.06 / 6.88 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 38 │        68.56 / 69.37 ±0.78 / 70.71 ms │           68.13 / 68.80 ±0.70 / 69.92 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 39 │        96.64 / 97.13 ±0.46 / 97.83 ms │          96.41 / 97.94 ±1.76 / 101.10 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 40 │        22.63 / 22.80 ±0.10 / 22.93 ms │           22.81 / 22.99 ±0.16 / 23.21 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 41 │        11.03 / 11.18 ±0.21 / 11.59 ms │           11.08 / 11.21 ±0.17 / 11.56 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 42 │        23.55 / 23.89 ±0.26 / 24.24 ms │           23.69 / 24.24 ±0.85 / 25.92 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 43 │           4.74 / 5.63 ±1.67 / 8.96 ms │              4.80 / 4.88 ±0.11 / 5.10 ms │ +1.15x faster │
│ QQuery 44 │        10.44 / 10.60 ±0.16 / 10.90 ms │           10.39 / 10.56 ±0.13 / 10.71 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 45 │        39.78 / 40.54 ±0.64 / 41.72 ms │           39.84 / 40.56 ±0.45 / 41.10 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 46 │        12.64 / 13.21 ±0.41 / 13.76 ms │           12.55 / 12.79 ±0.21 / 13.16 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 47 │     226.61 / 230.41 ±2.34 / 233.39 ms │        225.71 / 228.26 ±1.77 / 230.48 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 48 │     102.53 / 103.23 ±0.75 / 104.62 ms │        102.21 / 102.75 ±0.41 / 103.42 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 49 │        78.77 / 79.63 ±1.08 / 81.68 ms │           78.41 / 79.24 ±0.48 / 79.91 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 50 │        59.34 / 59.72 ±0.34 / 60.29 ms │           59.56 / 59.85 ±0.22 / 60.20 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 51 │        92.36 / 94.29 ±2.40 / 98.60 ms │           91.67 / 94.68 ±2.24 / 97.78 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 52 │        24.38 / 24.48 ±0.09 / 24.60 ms │           24.25 / 24.47 ±0.16 / 24.65 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 53 │        29.68 / 30.11 ±0.24 / 30.41 ms │           29.64 / 29.86 ±0.17 / 30.13 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 54 │        54.49 / 54.92 ±0.42 / 55.66 ms │           54.26 / 54.67 ±0.26 / 55.00 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 55 │        23.33 / 23.75 ±0.30 / 24.23 ms │           23.30 / 23.42 ±0.12 / 23.60 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 56 │        39.20 / 40.91 ±2.01 / 44.49 ms │           38.17 / 39.53 ±1.86 / 43.19 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 57 │     174.10 / 176.06 ±1.39 / 178.11 ms │        173.75 / 174.26 ±0.86 / 175.97 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 58 │     115.21 / 116.09 ±0.78 / 117.39 ms │        114.41 / 116.60 ±1.46 / 118.94 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 59 │     116.04 / 117.47 ±1.66 / 120.70 ms │        116.12 / 116.59 ±0.41 / 117.19 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 60 │        39.32 / 39.60 ±0.22 / 39.96 ms │           39.03 / 39.40 ±0.29 / 39.82 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 61 │        12.80 / 12.94 ±0.15 / 13.23 ms │           12.57 / 12.80 ±0.25 / 13.28 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 62 │        45.78 / 46.06 ±0.35 / 46.74 ms │           45.64 / 46.00 ±0.29 / 46.45 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 63 │        29.38 / 29.66 ±0.27 / 30.05 ms │           29.79 / 30.13 ±0.29 / 30.56 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 64 │     455.38 / 464.84 ±7.73 / 475.94 ms │        458.63 / 463.05 ±6.40 / 475.70 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 65 │     147.08 / 148.21 ±1.15 / 150.28 ms │        143.72 / 145.86 ±1.28 / 147.74 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 66 │        77.84 / 81.22 ±3.18 / 86.53 ms │           77.76 / 79.26 ±1.46 / 81.11 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 67 │     246.97 / 253.51 ±6.39 / 264.51 ms │        242.73 / 248.02 ±3.81 / 251.91 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 68 │        12.85 / 13.02 ±0.17 / 13.33 ms │           12.97 / 13.17 ±0.20 / 13.55 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 69 │        76.58 / 76.75 ±0.15 / 76.99 ms │           75.85 / 76.34 ±0.35 / 76.83 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 70 │     104.71 / 110.20 ±4.36 / 115.60 ms │        104.61 / 109.37 ±6.14 / 121.38 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 71 │        35.54 / 35.71 ±0.11 / 35.84 ms │           35.29 / 35.72 ±0.28 / 36.14 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 72 │ 2094.95 / 2164.64 ±44.80 / 2232.04 ms │    2131.94 / 2211.43 ±69.54 / 2337.22 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 73 │           8.81 / 9.29 ±0.37 / 9.73 ms │              9.06 / 9.26 ±0.18 / 9.54 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 74 │     175.78 / 179.15 ±3.16 / 183.42 ms │        175.13 / 179.27 ±2.73 / 182.00 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 75 │     145.10 / 146.98 ±1.89 / 150.06 ms │        146.40 / 149.75 ±3.65 / 154.57 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 76 │        35.08 / 35.86 ±0.51 / 36.43 ms │           34.91 / 35.66 ±0.46 / 36.31 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 77 │        59.99 / 60.28 ±0.21 / 60.64 ms │           59.37 / 59.79 ±0.21 / 59.91 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 78 │     186.73 / 190.07 ±2.90 / 195.38 ms │        188.25 / 190.11 ±1.98 / 193.86 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 79 │        66.59 / 67.10 ±0.30 / 67.51 ms │           67.04 / 68.68 ±2.08 / 72.16 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 80 │      99.92 / 102.91 ±3.26 / 108.92 ms │        100.22 / 100.90 ±0.57 / 101.76 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 81 │        24.22 / 24.60 ±0.30 / 25.04 ms │           23.96 / 24.25 ±0.20 / 24.54 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 82 │        16.32 / 17.20 ±1.07 / 19.32 ms │           16.22 / 16.48 ±0.20 / 16.83 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 83 │        36.43 / 36.50 ±0.08 / 36.61 ms │           36.11 / 36.44 ±0.24 / 36.82 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 84 │        43.31 / 44.08 ±1.09 / 46.22 ms │           43.07 / 44.99 ±1.79 / 48.02 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 85 │     135.45 / 137.78 ±2.60 / 142.81 ms │        134.59 / 135.93 ±0.77 / 136.77 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 86 │        24.73 / 25.06 ±0.24 / 25.37 ms │           24.62 / 24.86 ±0.13 / 24.99 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 87 │        68.11 / 69.29 ±0.87 / 70.43 ms │           69.20 / 70.05 ±0.98 / 71.93 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 88 │        60.99 / 62.22 ±0.63 / 62.66 ms │           61.19 / 62.28 ±0.87 / 63.45 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 89 │        35.38 / 35.68 ±0.28 / 36.03 ms │           35.15 / 35.45 ±0.24 / 35.81 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 90 │        16.61 / 16.91 ±0.20 / 17.20 ms │           16.74 / 16.93 ±0.19 / 17.28 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 91 │        51.65 / 52.08 ±0.50 / 53.04 ms │           51.86 / 52.53 ±0.53 / 53.50 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 92 │        28.87 / 30.46 ±1.75 / 33.75 ms │           29.51 / 29.86 ±0.42 / 30.67 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 93 │        50.24 / 50.83 ±0.36 / 51.19 ms │           50.01 / 50.43 ±0.32 / 50.79 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 94 │        37.48 / 37.80 ±0.25 / 38.17 ms │           37.30 / 37.91 ±0.39 / 38.52 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 95 │        83.82 / 84.40 ±0.57 / 85.29 ms │           84.16 / 84.76 ±0.48 / 85.44 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 96 │        23.96 / 24.67 ±0.91 / 26.42 ms │           24.28 / 24.50 ±0.25 / 24.97 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 97 │        45.90 / 46.34 ±0.52 / 47.34 ms │           45.84 / 46.29 ±0.32 / 46.78 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 98 │        42.15 / 42.73 ±0.47 / 43.46 ms │           42.51 / 42.94 ±0.34 / 43.49 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 99 │        68.88 / 69.64 ±0.51 / 70.43 ms │           68.84 / 69.80 ±1.11 / 71.94 ms │     no change │
└───────────┴───────────────────────────────────────┴──────────────────────────────────────────┴───────────────┘
┏━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━━━┓
┃ Benchmark Summary                                       ┃            ┃
┡━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━━┩
│ Total Time (HEAD)                                       │ 10433.42ms │
│ Total Time (benchmark-single-group-by-flat-primitive)   │ 10453.16ms │
│ Average Time (HEAD)                                     │   105.39ms │
│ Average Time (benchmark-single-group-by-flat-primitive) │   105.59ms │
│ Queries Faster                                          │          1 │
│ Queries Slower                                          │          0 │
│ Queries with No Change                                  │         98 │
│ Queries with Failure                                    │          0 │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┴────────────┘

Resource Usage

tpcds — base (merge-base)

Metric	Value
Wall time	55.0s
Peak memory	6.9 GiB
Avg memory	6.1 GiB
CPU user	234.4s
CPU sys	5.5s
Peak spill	0 B

tpcds — branch

Metric	Value
Wall time	55.0s
Peak memory	7.0 GiB
Avg memory	6.3 GiB
CPU user	234.5s
CPU sys	5.5s
Peak spill	0 B

---

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🤖 Benchmark completed (GKE) | trigger

Instance: c4a-highmem-16 (12 vCPU / 65 GiB)

CPU Details (lscpu)

Architecture:                            aarch64
CPU op-mode(s):                          64-bit
Byte Order:                              Little Endian
CPU(s):                                  16
On-line CPU(s) list:                     0-15
Vendor ID:                               ARM
Model name:                              Neoverse-V2
Model:                                   1
Thread(s) per core:                      1
Core(s) per cluster:                     16
Socket(s):                               -
Cluster(s):                              1
Stepping:                                r0p1
BogoMIPS:                                2000.00
Flags:                                   fp asimd evtstrm aes pmull sha1 sha2 crc32 atomics fphp asimdhp cpuid asimdrdm jscvt fcma lrcpc dcpop sha3 sm3 sm4 asimddp sha512 sve asimdfhm dit uscat ilrcpc flagm sb paca pacg dcpodp sve2 sveaes svepmull svebitperm svesha3 svesm4 flagm2 frint svei8mm svebf16 i8mm bf16 dgh rng bti
L1d cache:                               1 MiB (16 instances)
L1i cache:                               1 MiB (16 instances)
L2 cache:                                32 MiB (16 instances)
L3 cache:                                80 MiB (1 instance)
NUMA node(s):                            1
NUMA node0 CPU(s):                       0-15
Vulnerability Gather data sampling:      Not affected
Vulnerability Indirect target selection: Not affected
Vulnerability Itlb multihit:             Not affected
Vulnerability L1tf:                      Not affected
Vulnerability Mds:                       Not affected
Vulnerability Meltdown:                  Not affected
Vulnerability Mmio stale data:           Not affected
Vulnerability Reg file data sampling:    Not affected
Vulnerability Retbleed:                  Not affected
Vulnerability Spec rstack overflow:      Not affected
Vulnerability Spec store bypass:         Mitigation; Speculative Store Bypass disabled via prctl
Vulnerability Spectre v1:                Mitigation; __user pointer sanitization
Vulnerability Spectre v2:                Mitigation; CSV2, BHB
Vulnerability Srbds:                     Not affected
Vulnerability Tsa:                       Not affected
Vulnerability Tsx async abort:           Not affected
Vulnerability Vmscape:                   Not affected

Details

Comparing HEAD and benchmark-single-group-by-flat-primitive
--------------------
Benchmark clickbench_partitioned.json
--------------------
┏━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓
┃ Query     ┃                                  HEAD ┃ benchmark-single-group-by-flat-primitive ┃        Change ┃
┡━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┩
│ QQuery 0  │          1.18 / 4.68 ±6.93 / 18.54 ms │             1.15 / 4.60 ±6.83 / 18.26 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 1  │        12.46 / 12.86 ±0.22 / 13.10 ms │           12.80 / 12.86 ±0.04 / 12.91 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 2  │        35.36 / 35.67 ±0.28 / 36.17 ms │           35.50 / 35.77 ±0.20 / 36.10 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 3  │        30.20 / 31.27 ±0.83 / 32.18 ms │           30.35 / 30.66 ±0.22 / 30.98 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 4  │     220.83 / 224.22 ±2.26 / 227.48 ms │        220.09 / 224.80 ±3.58 / 230.53 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 5  │     268.47 / 271.60 ±1.94 / 274.09 ms │        267.40 / 270.80 ±3.20 / 276.40 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 6  │           1.14 / 1.30 ±0.23 / 1.75 ms │              1.16 / 1.32 ±0.26 / 1.84 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 7  │        13.59 / 13.86 ±0.21 / 14.15 ms │           14.09 / 14.27 ±0.29 / 14.84 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 8  │     316.83 / 321.72 ±2.68 / 324.10 ms │        316.22 / 321.62 ±3.98 / 327.03 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 9  │     450.43 / 457.17 ±7.48 / 471.33 ms │        449.75 / 451.98 ±1.77 / 455.03 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 10 │        68.47 / 69.71 ±1.07 / 71.01 ms │           68.98 / 70.70 ±1.17 / 72.32 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 11 │        80.64 / 81.39 ±0.88 / 83.10 ms │           80.64 / 81.69 ±0.92 / 83.23 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 12 │     265.26 / 269.96 ±3.69 / 275.61 ms │        261.27 / 268.01 ±3.78 / 272.43 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 13 │     358.66 / 369.53 ±9.99 / 388.20 ms │       357.47 / 377.78 ±17.23 / 402.33 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 14 │     280.64 / 282.83 ±1.81 / 285.73 ms │        280.52 / 282.73 ±3.05 / 288.48 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 15 │     267.91 / 270.79 ±4.38 / 279.41 ms │        261.04 / 266.83 ±5.79 / 275.09 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 16 │     611.71 / 617.00 ±4.12 / 621.59 ms │        605.73 / 615.42 ±6.23 / 621.85 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 17 │     613.20 / 618.41 ±4.88 / 627.67 ms │       607.13 / 622.34 ±11.24 / 637.05 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 18 │ 1233.29 / 1251.92 ±12.43 / 1262.97 ms │     1253.73 / 1264.79 ±8.64 / 1276.62 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 19 │        27.19 / 30.70 ±6.37 / 43.43 ms │           27.37 / 30.78 ±5.80 / 42.32 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 20 │     517.78 / 526.37 ±8.83 / 542.52 ms │        514.15 / 517.58 ±3.45 / 523.18 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 21 │     588.00 / 591.86 ±3.36 / 597.66 ms │        585.94 / 598.16 ±8.39 / 611.40 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 22 │  1046.71 / 1055.80 ±4.93 / 1061.49 ms │     1051.78 / 1061.00 ±7.72 / 1073.14 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 23 │ 3138.16 / 3162.67 ±15.32 / 3183.35 ms │    3121.71 / 3150.65 ±20.53 / 3181.40 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 24 │        41.13 / 47.11 ±6.74 / 57.40 ms │           41.09 / 42.12 ±0.56 / 42.60 ms │ +1.12x faster │
│ QQuery 25 │     110.35 / 111.76 ±1.10 / 112.90 ms │        110.59 / 111.87 ±1.05 / 113.62 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 26 │        41.98 / 43.32 ±1.41 / 46.04 ms │           42.17 / 43.62 ±1.94 / 47.40 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 27 │     663.65 / 668.32 ±3.09 / 672.47 ms │       660.48 / 678.51 ±10.84 / 694.45 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 28 │ 2993.91 / 3026.20 ±18.01 / 3049.32 ms │    3001.05 / 3025.66 ±12.96 / 3035.95 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 29 │        39.61 / 40.33 ±0.75 / 41.74 ms │           39.45 / 39.66 ±0.20 / 39.96 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 30 │     295.72 / 301.39 ±4.09 / 307.45 ms │        294.93 / 299.07 ±2.57 / 301.20 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 31 │     275.29 / 287.31 ±7.46 / 296.58 ms │       278.49 / 292.23 ±11.65 / 312.99 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 32 │    883.15 / 919.76 ±39.94 / 996.67 ms │       908.03 / 920.79 ±13.54 / 946.74 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 33 │ 1394.40 / 1417.78 ±24.02 / 1452.19 ms │    1410.56 / 1428.58 ±12.45 / 1444.68 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 34 │  1429.67 / 1435.40 ±4.04 / 1440.40 ms │    1436.67 / 1454.93 ±13.64 / 1473.69 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 35 │     277.58 / 284.73 ±7.85 / 299.53 ms │       274.89 / 298.51 ±27.84 / 352.21 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 36 │        65.95 / 69.26 ±2.79 / 73.18 ms │           66.25 / 74.30 ±7.13 / 87.49 ms │  1.07x slower │
│ QQuery 37 │        34.94 / 35.38 ±0.24 / 35.56 ms │           35.71 / 40.84 ±8.44 / 57.70 ms │  1.15x slower │
│ QQuery 38 │        40.20 / 49.54 ±8.80 / 65.65 ms │           40.43 / 41.93 ±1.11 / 43.40 ms │ +1.18x faster │
│ QQuery 39 │     139.95 / 152.08 ±6.63 / 158.24 ms │        142.63 / 152.72 ±8.06 / 166.12 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 40 │        13.86 / 14.01 ±0.18 / 14.35 ms │           13.34 / 13.95 ±0.41 / 14.42 ms │     no change │
│ QQuery 41 │        13.33 / 15.87 ±4.74 / 25.34 ms │           13.42 / 13.50 ±0.12 / 13.74 ms │ +1.18x faster │
│ QQuery 42 │        12.73 / 14.36 ±2.90 / 20.15 ms │           13.08 / 14.82 ±3.29 / 21.39 ms │     no change │
└───────────┴───────────────────────────────────────┴──────────────────────────────────────────┴───────────────┘
┏━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━━━┓
┃ Benchmark Summary                                       ┃            ┃
┡━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━━┩
│ Total Time (HEAD)                                       │ 19507.19ms │
│ Total Time (benchmark-single-group-by-flat-primitive)   │ 19564.75ms │
│ Average Time (HEAD)                                     │   453.66ms │
│ Average Time (benchmark-single-group-by-flat-primitive) │   454.99ms │
│ Queries Faster                                          │          3 │
│ Queries Slower                                          │          2 │
│ Queries with No Change                                  │         38 │
│ Queries with Failure                                    │          0 │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┴────────────┘

Resource Usage

clickbench_partitioned — base (merge-base)

Metric	Value
Wall time	100.0s
Peak memory	31.3 GiB
Avg memory	23.0 GiB
CPU user	1019.2s
CPU sys	59.7s
Peak spill	0 B

clickbench_partitioned — branch

Metric	Value
Wall time	100.0s
Peak memory	31.1 GiB
Avg memory	23.5 GiB
CPU user	1019.3s
CPU sys	60.4s
Peak spill	0 B

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