fix: widen power(decimal, float) to Float64, fix bugs

datafusion/core/tests/expr_api/simplification.rs

@@ -648,13 +648,19 @@ fn test_simplify_power() {
         let expected = col("c3_non_null");
         test_simplify(expr, expected)
     }
-    // Power(c3, Log(c3, c4)) ===> c4
+    // Power(c3, Log(c3, c4)) ===> cast(c4 AS Int64)
+    // The simplifier rewrites `power(b, log(b, x))` to `x`, but the
+    // rewritten expression must keep the same type as the original
+    // `power` call. `power`'s declared return type follows its base
+    // argument (c3 = Int64), so the UInt32 c4 has to be cast to Int64
+    // to preserve the output schema the optimizer already committed to.
     {
         let expr = power(
             col("c3_non_null"),
             log(col("c3_non_null"), col("c4_non_null")),
         );
-        let expected = col("c4_non_null");
+        let expected =
+            Expr::Cast(Cast::new(Box::new(col("c4_non_null")), DataType::Int64));
         test_simplify(expr, expected)
     }
     // Power(c3, c4) ===> Power(c3, c4)

datafusion/functions/Cargo.toml

@@ -212,6 +212,11 @@ harness = false
 name = "atan2"
 required-features = ["math_expressions"]
 
+[[bench]]
+harness = false
+name = "power"
+required-features = ["math_expressions"]
+
 [[bench]]
 harness = false
 name = "substr_index"

datafusion/functions/benches/power.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+//! Microbenchmark for `power(decimal_array, int_*)`.
+//!
+//! Covers both array- and scalar-shaped integer exponents on a Decimal
+//! base. Both shapes are dispatched to the native per-row decimal kernel;
+//! the bench guards against any future change that routes either shape
+//! through a Float64 round-trip, which is measurably slower than the
+//! decimal kernel for the cases the kernel can handle.
+
+extern crate criterion;
+
+use arrow::array::{Decimal128Array, Int64Array};
+use arrow::datatypes::{DataType, Field, FieldRef};
+use criterion::{Criterion, criterion_group, criterion_main};
+use datafusion_common::ScalarValue;
+use datafusion_common::config::ConfigOptions;
+use datafusion_expr::{ColumnarValue, ScalarFunctionArgs, ScalarUDF};
+use datafusion_functions::math::power;
+use std::hint::black_box;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+fn make_decimal_array(size: usize, precision: u8, scale: i8) -> Decimal128Array {
+    // Use a fixed unscaled value (250) so the bench is independent of `scale`.
+    // The four-arm dispatch in `power` only cares about the Decimal variant
+    // and the exponent's shape, not the numeric value.
+    let arr = Decimal128Array::from(vec![250i128; size]);
+    arr.with_precision_and_scale(precision, scale).unwrap()
+}
+
+fn make_int_array(size: usize, value: i64) -> Int64Array {
+    Int64Array::from(vec![value; size])
+}
+
+fn run_power(
+    power_fn: &ScalarUDF,
+    args: &[ColumnarValue],
+    arg_fields: &[FieldRef],
+    return_field: &FieldRef,
+    config_options: &Arc<ConfigOptions>,
+    num_rows: usize,
+) {
+    black_box(
+        power_fn
+            .invoke_with_args(ScalarFunctionArgs {
+                args: args.to_vec(),
+                arg_fields: arg_fields.to_vec(),
+                number_rows: num_rows,
+                return_field: Arc::clone(return_field),
+                config_options: Arc::clone(config_options),
+            })
+            .unwrap(),
+    );
+}
+
+fn criterion_benchmark(c: &mut Criterion) {
+    let power_fn = power();
+    let config_options = Arc::new(ConfigOptions::default());
+    let precision: u8 = 20;
+    let scale: i8 = 2;
+    let decimal_ty = DataType::Decimal128(precision, scale);
+
+    // Exponents are bounded by what the native decimal kernel can handle
+    // without overflowing the i128 intermediate; see
+    // <https://github.com/apache/datafusion/issues/22480>
+    let exponents = [2i64, 4, 8];
+
+    for size in [1024usize, 8192] {
+        let base_arr = Arc::new(make_decimal_array(size, precision, scale));
+        let base_field: FieldRef = Field::new("base", decimal_ty.clone(), true).into();
+        let exp_field: FieldRef = Field::new("exp", DataType::Int64, true).into();
+        let return_field: FieldRef = Field::new("r", decimal_ty.clone(), true).into();
+        let arg_fields = vec![base_field, exp_field];
+
+        for &exp in &exponents {
+            let exp_arr = Arc::new(make_int_array(size, exp));
+            let array_args = vec![
+                ColumnarValue::Array(base_arr.clone()),
+                ColumnarValue::Array(exp_arr),
+            ];
+            c.bench_function(
+                &format!(
+                    "power decimal({precision},{scale}) array x int array, exp={exp}, n={size}"
+                ),
+                |b| {
+                    b.iter(|| {
+                        run_power(
+                            &power_fn,
+                            &array_args,
+                            &arg_fields,
+                            &return_field,
+                            &config_options,
+                            size,
+                        )
+                    })
+                },
+            );
+
+            let scalar_args = vec![
+                ColumnarValue::Array(base_arr.clone()),
+                ColumnarValue::Scalar(ScalarValue::Int64(Some(exp))),
+            ];
+            c.bench_function(
+                &format!(
+                    "power decimal({precision},{scale}) array x int scalar, exp={exp}, n={size}"
+                ),
+                |b| {
+                    b.iter(|| {
+                        run_power(
+                            &power_fn,
+                            &scalar_args,
+                            &arg_fields,
+                            &return_field,
+                            &config_options,
+                            size,
+                        )
+                    })
+                },
+            );
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+criterion_group!(benches, criterion_benchmark);
+criterion_main!(benches);