[Chore](dep) upgrade libdivide from 5.0 to 5.2 (#49811)

### What problem does this PR solve?
clang19 has a compile error on 5.0, and this problem is fixed on 5.2
### Check List (For Author)

- Test <!-- At least one of them must be included. -->
    - [ ] Regression test
    - [ ] Unit Test
    - [ ] Manual test (add detailed scripts or steps below)
    - [x] No need to test or manual test. Explain why:
- [ ] This is a refactor/code format and no logic has been changed.
        - [x] Previous test can cover this change.
        - [ ] No code files have been changed.
        - [ ] Other reason <!-- Add your reason?  -->

- Behavior changed:
    - [x] No.
    - [ ] Yes. <!-- Explain the behavior change -->

- Does this need documentation?
    - [x] No.
- [ ] Yes. <!-- Add document PR link here. eg:
apache/doris-website#1214 -->

### Check List (For Reviewer who merge this PR)

- [ ] Confirm the release note
- [ ] Confirm test cases
- [ ] Confirm document
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Author: BiteTheDDDDt

thirdparty/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -2,6 +2,10 @@
 
 This file contains version of the third-party dependency libraries in the build-env image. The docker build-env image is apache/doris, and the tag is `build-env-${version}`
 
+## 20250405
+
+- Modified: libdivide 5.0 -> 5.2
+
 ## 20250325
 
 - Added: jindofs 6.3.4 with jindofs ubuntu jar

thirdparty/vars.sh

@@ -394,10 +394,10 @@ HDFS3_SOURCE="doris-thirdparty-libhdfs3-v2.3.9"
 HDFS3_MD5SUM="b3eaa03e5b184521e5ad5bf6cabea97e"
 
 #libdivide
-LIBDIVIDE_DOWNLOAD="https://github.com/ridiculousfish/libdivide/archive/5.0.tar.gz"
-LIBDIVIDE_NAME="libdivide-5.0.tar.gz"
-LIBDIVIDE_SOURCE="libdivide-5.0"
-LIBDIVIDE_MD5SUM="7fd16b0bb4ab6812b2e2fdc7bfb81641"
+LIBDIVIDE_DOWNLOAD="https://github.com/ridiculousfish/libdivide/archive/refs/tags/v5.2.0.tar.gz"
+LIBDIVIDE_NAME="libdivide-5.2.0.tar.gz"
+LIBDIVIDE_SOURCE="libdivide-5.2.0"
+LIBDIVIDE_MD5SUM="4ba77777192c295d6de2b86d88f3239a"
 
 #pdqsort
 PDQSORT_DOWNLOAD="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/orlp/pdqsort/b1ef26a55cdb60d236a5cb199c4234c704f46726/pdqsort.h"