Improve lockfile management documentation and enforce `uv.lock` freshness in CI #7991

Job	Run time
lint-and-unit-test (3.12)	2m 58s
integration-test-adls	1m 23s
lint-and-unit-test (3.10)	3m 11s
integration-test	10m 44s
integration-test-s3	1m 18s
integration-test-gcs	1m 14s
cibw-dev-env-smoke-test	29s
lint-and-unit-test (3.13)	2m 48s
lint-and-unit-test (3.11)	2m 51s
integration-coverage-report	30s
	27m 26s

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