Enhance URI scheme validation for Windows paths #8134

Job	Run time
integration-test-s3	6m 59s
integration-test	16m 28s
lint-and-unit-test (3.11)	2m 36s
integration-test-gcs	7m 14s
cibw-dev-env-smoke-test	27s
lint-and-unit-test (3.10)	3m 6s
lint-and-unit-test (3.13)	2m 52s
lint-and-unit-test (3.12)	8m 50s
integration-test-adls	7m 3s
integration-coverage-report	29s
	56m 4s

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